T H E ELATOR® Vol. 26, No.5, May/] une 2012
• THE OLYMPIC GAMES: THE FIRST 1,166 YEARS • ANTIGONUS II GONATAS
• A UNIQUE ~ROYALIST SERIES~ DIDRACHM OF PHILIP III Vis it www.TomCederlind.com ..
I ~ 11M ~ '" '-' TIBERIUS. E 14-37 AD. Brass Sestertius. o I-
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www.TomCederlind .com/Tom@Tom Cederiind.com Vol. 26, No.5 TIle Celatot'" Inside The Celato J"'-ID ... May/June 2012 Consecutive Issue No. 299 incorpor.3t ing Roman Coins al1ll ell/III"" FEATURES Publisher/Editor Kerry K. Wcttcrs(rom [email protected] 6 The Olympic Games: The First 1,166 Years Associate Editors by Anthony F. Milavic Robert L. Black Michael R. !\'Ichalick 26 Antigonus II Gonatas by Paul Anderson .'or Back Issues From 30 A Unique "Royalist Series" Didrachm 1987 to May 1999 contact: Wayne Sayles of Philip III [email protected] by Kevin R. Cheek
Art: Parnell Nelson DEPARTMENTS
Maps & Graphic An: 2 Editor's Note Page 26 Kenny Grady Coming Next Month P.O. Box 10607 4 Letters to the Editor Lancaster, PA 17605 Tel/Fax: 717-656-8557 34 People in the News (Office Hours: Noon \0 6PM) For FedEx & UPS deliveries: flro(ilr! in ilumi! milti(! Kerry K. WetterSlrom Art and the Market 87 Apricot Ave 35 Leola, PA 17540· 1788 36 Coming Events WWW.celator.com ANTIQVIT I ES by David Liebert The Celator jlSSN '1048·0986) 41 is an independent journal pub lished on the tirsl day of each 42 Q[ oins of tbr jhlib lr by David Hendin month al 87 Apricot Ava, Leola, PA 17540-1788. It is circulatil'd In. 44 The Inte rnet Co nnection ternationally through subscrip tions and special distributions. by Kevin Barry & Zachary "Beast" Beasley Subscription rates, payable In U.S. funds, a,e $36 per year (Pe 45 MaylJune2012 1 EDITOR'S . . COMING NEXT - MONTH NOTE ~- IN THE CELATORo My si ncere apologies to the Tile Ancient City of Philippi, subsc ri bers and and the 'Eid Ma r' Coinage advertisers of The by Marvin Tameanko Celli/or for the delay of this issue. I have been ex periencing some pe r s o n ~ The Cornucopia & ai/fami ly issues, which resulted in the fine gentlemen, all of whom wil l be The Milky Way magazine being neg lected. As you greatly missed. Hope fu lly. I wi ll have by George L. Beke probably noticed. this is a combined more complete obituaries for them in M ay/June issue, and I also plan o n a future issue. publishing a combined J uly/August AND COMING SOON issue, which will hopefully get every ********* From the Shekel Hakalesh th ing "back on track." All subscribers wil l also have their subscriptions ex AI the risk of repeating my self, to the Shekel of Israel tended by two additional months (as well, I 'm going to repeal myself. This by Gary M. Fine will any advertiser with prepaid adver year's "Worl d's Fair of Money" is in ti sing). Philadelphia from August 7- 11 at the Primitive Money and I appreciate Ihe Pennsylvani a Con the Baltic Region support of t he vention Center, and My sincere apologies 10 by Richard Giedroyc readers and adver in case you missed tisers th at have 'he subscribers and adver it previously, I am Numismatic Evidence of the contacted me over tisers o/The Celatorfor the the Host C lub Conquests of Alexmlder the the last few delay of this issue. I have Cha irman for this Great: Part I-Alexandria by months. Obvious been exp eriencing som e conventi on. It is ly, part of the personal/family issues, shaping up to be a ISS liS and the Phoenician Cities downside of bei ng treme ndous con by Thomas L Gibson, Ph.D. a one- person oper which resulted in the mag vent ion, and if the ation is that i f 1 azine being neglected. As ANA stays with its How to Read the can' l produce the you probably noticed, this plan to hold future Legends on Coins of the magazine, there is is a combined May/June is "Worl d's Fai r of Western Kshatra pas: not anyone else to sue, and J also plan on pub Money" conven do it for me. I man A Beginner's Guide lishing a combined July/ tions in Chicago aged to publish the only, then this will by Pankaj Tandon magazine for thir August issue, which will be the last such teen years without hopefully get everything summer ANA con Wa s Julius Caesar Initiated any inte rrupt io n "back on ,rack. " venti on on the East at Eleusis? until now. and Coast. If you have by George L. Beke hopefu ll y can pub- not already made lish it for another thirteen years or your tra vel plans, then please do so Developing Narrative Space more! now, as hotel rooms near the conven and Lnnguage on Coins tion center are rapidly fi ll ing up! I ********* hope to see many, man y Celator by Michael E. Marotta readers in Philadelphia this August. C1/ayon's Unconsidered Si nce the last issue of the mllga but if you don't sec me wa ndering zinc, several notable individuals have around the bourse fl oor. then please Trifles: The Anonymous passed away: Roberto Ru sso. the feel welcome to ha ve me paged to Obols of Phistelin founder of Num ismatica Ars C1assica the Message Center, the Coll ector by Alan Broad NAC AG. based in Zu rich, Switzer Exhibits Area. or your favo rite de al land with offi ces in London, England; er's bourse table. Higlllights of the Early David P. Herman, the former owner of Also, if you plan on attending the Byzantine Coins in the Atlantis. Ltd .• based in Orlando. Flor convention on Saturday. August II'h. ida: and most recently, Dr. Paul then please try to attend the annual Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Rynearson of Malibu, California. My meeting of the Ancient Coin Collec by Donald Squires sincere sympathies and condo lences to tors Guild in Room 1058 aI 2PM . See the families and friends of thcse three you in Philly! qhe Celatoz is named to? and dedicated to the coin die-en ii~ aue~s ot antiquitl( Nhose aH " maillS as pONeztul alld appeali"~ todaV as in theiz ONIl time. 2 The Celator AMERICAN NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION WORLD'S FAIR OF MONEY'" I AUGUST 7-11, 2012 Featur;ng An Impressive Array of Ancient and Foreign Coins Including These Highlights Macedon. Kingdom of Macedon. Egypt The Pto lemies. Pto lemy IV, Alexa nder IIl lthe Great) 336·323 B. C 221 -204 B.C. AV Octod rachm 127.80 Brazil. 6.400 Re is IPeca) AV Distater 117.22 gms), Amphipolis gms). EXTREMELY FINE. IFr-59: LDMB -388). 1758-8. Mint, ca. 330 -320 B.C. EXTREM ELY FINE. Jose I (1750-771. NGC MS 66. Germany. Saxony. Taler Italy. 20 l ire (KM ·69; Gig·431 Poland. Taler (Dav·1621. IOav -Z576 ; Sch nee-1047 1. 1763-FWoF. 1934-R XI I. NGC MS 66. Pa rchimowicz· 1231 b). 1792 ·MV. Fried ri ch August II (17 33-631. NGC MS 65 Stanislaus August (1764·95). NGC AU 53. Russia . 12 Ruble IFr· l 58; C-179). Russia. 11/2 Ru ble-l0 Ziolych. 1836. Russia. 3 Ruble lFr· 166; Bit·131. 1831·CNB . NGC AU 55. NGC Unc De tail s··Scratches 1884-CNB AT. NGC MS 63. Catalogs will be available in July - call today to request yours. +1.949.253.0916 California I +1.212.582.2580 New York 1852.2117.1191 Hong Kong Richard H Pomerio PNG 1 308 Ron Gi ll io PNG 1 204 1063 McGaw Avenue Ste 100, Irvine, CA 92614 [email protected] • www.stacksbowerS.com ...... H California· New York. New Hampshire. Hong Kong Richard H. Ponterio lM' 2163 SSP Celotor 5.11. 12 Ron Gi ll io lM 1950 MaylJune2012 3 immediately. and pleasantly, and main ize in archaic, the rare ,and unusual, tained that pace throughout the entire and high-quality bronzes. It never oc paper; that being bolstered by a great curred to me as a kid that I might some mix of photographs. maps, drawings. day own something truly old. historical, and tables (something that I suspect and even unique. was enhanced by some nice editing Collecting coins is still a source of and layout work.) Unfortunately. as I considerable satisfaction to me, and I have only recently been able to catch still have the 1931 -S Lincoln cent I up on my Celatorreadings, I found that found in change. Ancients came to me ·, the link to a copy of Mr. Daehn's origi a bit slowly. since I didn't see many as Seller Beware! nal article, with a few additions, was a young person and had the impres no lo nger valid. Please keep up the sion they were all extremely valuable. Back in January, I consigned some great work. and again. many thanks! While working in The Netherlands in coins to a well-known company for auc Gregory Zentz 1970 and 1971, I had two occasions to tion althe New York International Nu Florida learn that ancient coins were available mismatic Convention. After over two to people of limited means. One was a months had gone by, I hadn't received The link (http://home.comcast.neU tour of a museum at the University of payment on my consignment, so I con -wdaehn/Siglos/Daehn-Siglos.pdf) is Groningen where some Roman aurei tacted the company I'd consigned my still valid. KKW were on display. I remarked al how coins to. I was lold that they hadn't re priceless they must be and was in ceived payment on my coins either. "Lots of Nostalgia" formed that, although valuable, they Although they ask buyers to settle in were almost something I could afford. voices within 30 days of the auction Just received my Celator (March And on a tour of the American dig in date (after which interest fees begin to 2012 issue). and read your "Editor's Athens I overheard an archaeologist accrue), some "big" buyers just ignore Note" with some pleasure and lots of showing friends around and comment the 3D-day settlement date. He told me nostalgia. We've talked a little about it ing that the coins on display were not they are still awaiting payment on some before butI'm from Colorado, too, and the best they had found. Hmm, I $250,000 worth of coins sold at the my father took a position in Chemistry thought. th auction (as of April 15 ). at the University of Colorado in 1955. I My next position was at Stony Brook I've always paid for my purchases lived in Boulder from then until 1970 and I was able to explore the then more promptly. These "big" buyers either when I got my PhD. and went where numerous dealers in the City and I have don', care, or choose to ignore the im the jobs were. been at it ever since. What a long, pact it makes on both the company and I'd always been fasc inated by coins pleasant journey from Dan Brown's the individual(s) involved. I don't know and had, like so many my age, begun Hyou-pick-em" for 35 cents to one I re what if anything can be done. but seil col lecting US from change. I remem member at a San Franc isco bourse. er beware! ber well the first time I found a 19t ~ cen CNG had acquired much of a hoard of Frank lacQvitti tury coin, and the excitement of some Pixodaros, and had a group of abso Texas thing so old being in my hands. One of lutely beautiful examples in a ''you-pick my favorite things, when I could swing em" for $1200 group. The one I got Kudos to Bill Daehn it. was to go to Dan Brown's coin shop. from Victor that day is still one of the It had an organic warmth to it, with a best examples I've ever seen. I would like to thank William Daehn variety of offerings, some of which I Peter Urone for his beautiful article in the February California issue: "Half-Figure of the King: Unrav could even afford. His uyou-pick-em" selections were especially appealing to eling the Mysteries of the Earliest Si Please fUrl! fa page 4U . gloi of Darius I." I say "beautiful arti my limited means. I progressed over cle" not just for its remarkable clarity, the years, with starts and stops based on my economic situation, to collect Don't miss a single issue of consistency, and focus. but also be ing ancient Greek coinage. I special- cause of its aesthetics. It drew me in The Ceiator, Subscribe today! Eppillus AV yu.ncr ABC 1393 ABC 1076 ABC 1157 1 v. ABC 2529 ABC 25 80 AIlC 2795 This July in the land of Queen Boudica we've got lots of mre gold coins of the ancient Brits for sale, plus the first recorded bronze of or double your money back. Ask for a free catalogue. Elizabeth Cottam, Chris Rudd, PO GB-NR1I6TY TeI(44) 1263735007. Fax (44) 1263 73 1777. Webwww.ce1ticcoins.com [email protected] 4 The Celator Pegasi NUMISMATICS Ann Arbor, M [ Holicong, PA J-iistoria 9{umismata (The History of Money) - Issue 142 Complimentary Copy Upon Request "Qualify Coins for Discriminating Collectors" Pegasi :!'{umismatics POBox 131040 Phone: (734) 995-5743 Ann Arbor MI 48113 Fax: (734) 995-3410 Visit us on the Web at: www.PegasiOnline.com Our ful/-service searchable Web site of ancient and medieval coins, antiquities and books for sale; historical information; historical and numismatic articles; maps; and a photo archive. You may now view our current catalog and place bids on-line. Visit our VCoins store at: www.vcoins.com/pegasi May/June 2012 5 The Olympic Games: The First 1,166 Years by Anthony F. Milavic In August 2012, the world will cel ebrate the 30,h Summer Ol ympics in London, England. Since thei r institu tion in 1896, the modern O lympic Games have been canceled three times due to wars: 1916, 1940 and 1944. By comparison, the ancient Greeks held thei r first Ol ympics in 776 Be and, with the exception of one two-year postponement. every four years there after for over one thousand years, or 260 consecutive Olympic festivals . The Games continued on sporadically until 391 AD, for a grand total of I, [66 years. This amazing record was ac Figure I-Valley of Olympia from Krollos Hill with Stadium inforeground. complished in spite of political tur Photo by the (luthor. moil, wars, invasion, and the eventual conquest of Greece by the Romans. This artic le takes you to the place situated in a triangle formed by Kro tecture. The inner chamber opened to where that happened, ancient Olym nos Hill on the north and the conflu the gold and ivo ry statue of Zeus that pia, and on through the evolution and ence of two rivers, the Alpheios and was numbered among the Seven Won conduct of those Games where a cook, Kladeos rivers on the other two sides ders of the Ancient World. Soaring 40 a princess, and a corpse were crowned LFigure 1]. Archaeological ev idence feet. the sealed Zeus filled the cham champions, and champions became reveals human habitation here as ear ber: With his left hand, he held a heroes and even gods, ly as 2,000 BC. Centuries later, a reli scepter capped by an eagle and in his gious sanctuary was established at the extended right hand stood Nike, the ANCIENT OLYMPIA base of Kronos Hill. By the second winged messenger of victory [see century AD, the worship of Olympian Figure 3 on page 10]. In 21 BC, the Olympia is located in the north Zeus dominated thaI of some 70 he traveling Roman emperor, Caesar western Greek Peloponnese peninsu roes and gods in this sanctuary and its Augustus, struck a silver denarius la, some 120 miles west of Athens and immediate environs [see Figure 2 on commemorating his visit to this tem 25 miles south of the ancient ci ty of pageSI. ple and the god Zeus. Elis. I! never developed into a city in The largest building in the Sanctu To the right of the Temple of Zeus its own right, but was managed by the ary was the Te mple of Zeus. Built in was the Great Altar of Zeus. In the people of Elis for most of its years as the fifth century BC, Ihis temple mea second century AD, the Greek write r the center of Greek athleti cs. The re sured 90 by 208 feet and was consid Pausanias observed that this altar mea gion is mountainous, with Olympia e red to be the canon of Doric archi- sured 125 feet in circumference at the base, 22 feel in height, and was com posed entirely of the ashes from sac rifices made to the god Zeus. Built 150 years before the Temple Ancient Coins of Zeus, the Temple of Hera was the • Mail Bid Sales VIII! 0111 int('lIIl'l HT(' (If second largest structure in thc sanctu \\ \\ w_msenhlumcoins.com ary and one of the oldest. It appears • MOllthly Web Lists th at Zeus was worshipped here before • Numismatic Literature the construction of his larger temple. Thc importance of this sanctuary, re ~~~~~--~------Specializing in Judaean coins ligion. and the two deities, Zeus and • Hera, to the Games is suggested in the (serious want-lists solicited) ~~ ... coi nage of Elis. This coinage was W,lliaTT2 M. RosenbluTT2, LLC "Y4 .. ", minted in its entirety here in the sanc .~ 6 The Gelator Trio of Ancient Judaean Coins brings almost $3 million at Heritage Auction -'-iol! War !66 - 70 AD) t duS 0$ CoeKao' 179· 81 AD) ..Iewjlh War (66 . 70 AD) ,...... , AVoureul ••AIl. quor1e<·.heke! Realized $1,105,375 Realited $956,000 Realited $896,250 HA.com/3003-2Q195 HA.com/JOOJ"20531 HA.com/JOO3 "2020 1 Highlights from our April 2012 C1CF Signoture® Auction in Chicago: The Vendi. 2nd ~ry Be AV sIoter Q. CoecililtS Metellu. Pi", Scipio 147·.d6 SCI. Marsic Conledero~on (90-88 SC). AI! denarius Realized $12,650 AR deoorillS Reoliud$ l l,SOO HAcom/3019°23Q06 Realized $27,600 HA.com/J019· 23260 HAcom! 301 9-23364 Sext..n Pompey (A2-dO SC) . AR deoonUl Himero. Co. 409- 407 Be , AR retrodrochm 1.-- (AD 793-802). AV solidus Realized $ Reo~ud $13,800 Realized S HA.com/3019°23371 HA(X)mj3Q19' 23026 HA,com/J019 "23A77 The Shoshana Collection Part 2 will be offered at our official auction in Long Beach September 5-6, 2012. Now accepting consignments I Deadline: July 10 MaylJune2012 7 than in the capital of Elis 25 miles to souvenirs from the people of Elis re the first 900 years of the Olympics, the north lsee Figure 4 on page 12]. It flecting religious, not athletic, themes. there was no water available in the depicts the images of: the gods Zeus Between the A har of Zeus and Kro sanctuary. The athletcs and thousands and Hera; the dem igods Olympia and nos Hi ll was the Fountain of Nymphs of spectators who came here had to use Nike; the attributes of Zeus--eagles Lsee Fi gure 5 on page 14] . In the sec the several wells outside the Sanctu and thunderbolts; and the letters di ond century AD, a wealthy Athenian ary and the two rivers for water. At the gamma and alpha representing FA by the name of Herodes Atlicus built fountain's dedication in 153 AD, the LEION. which means, "From the peo th is fountain and a system of aqueducts Cynic philosopher Peregrinus railed ple of Elis." In sum, visitors to the to supply it wi th watcr from a spring against the fountain. He proclaimed to ancient Olympic Games took home four miles away. In other words, for all who would listen that the fountain denigrated the Games. In the past, all who came to Olympia did so with the understanding of the hardships hcre sweltering heat and little available water. As a result, many succumbed to dehydration and heat stroke. In the view of Peregrinus, the natural selec tion process had been removed with the advent of the fountain, and the at tendees were now being perversely molly-coddled. Reportedly, some who heard Peregrinus speak threw stones at him. Immediately to the right of the fountain were the treasuries. These were constructed in the shape of small temples and dedicated by Greek cities to hold valuable donations to the gods. The foundations of twclve structures survive in this area. Located below the treasuries and leading to the entrance of the stadium Figure 2- Model of Sanctuary of Olympia during Roman times. Photo by the aUlhor. was a row of statues financed by the fines imposed on those who had cheat ed at the Games. These statucs were made in the likeness of thc Zeus of Oaths statue; On the first day of the Games, the athletes swore to obey the laws of Zeus hefore a heroic-size stat ue of Zeus poised to throw a thunder bolt. All that remains of these statues are their 16 pedestals inscribed with the names of those who had cheated, their transgressions, and their sponsor ing or native ci ti es. Pl aced before its entrance, athletes were reminded of their oath as they walked to the stadi - SPECIALIZE IN ANCIENT COINS um [see Figure 6 on page 16]. ru - PURCHASE AND CONSIGN COLLECTIONS In the 3 century BC , the entrance - OFFER APPRAISALS AND EXPERT ADVICE to the stadium was covered, creating a dark tunnel-like passageway called - REPRESENT CLIENTS AT MAJOR INTERNATIONAL SALES "The Crypt." It is hard to imagine the roller coaster of emotions athletes ex perienced walking by these pedestals with their threatening statues of Zeus, moving through the dark, foreboding Crypt, and then stepping out into a sun-lit stadium of thousands of screaming spectators. Extending from one end of the sta dium to the other is the track for the foot races. The track is 600-feel long from starting line to finish line and the single lap footrace conducted here was 8 The Ce/ator $10.00 for a three-day pass valid Friday through Sunday - 16 and under free with an adult * (Check our 'H'hsih' to print 3 discount admission ('(Jupon - Vi'w,,,.n~'im·.inf()) * America's Most Prestigious NYINC NEW YORK II\'TERNATIONAL Ancient & Foreign Coin Show NUMISMAT IC CONVENT ION The 41st Annual 'mlW~'1ID NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONVENTION The Waldorf Astoria Hotel • New York City 301 Park Avenue between East 49''' & 50''' Streets' (212) 355-3000 Call/he Waldorf Astoria Horel reservations departmem al 212-355-3000 and ask/or the special NYINC rate of $299 or $320 depending 011 accomodatiolls selecTed. Specify rate code "NYZ" for Ollr special rates. " Club Meetings AUCTIONS BY: Educational Forums Heritage World Coin Auctions: Sunday & Monday, Jan. 6-7 ~~ Semina rs Freema n & Sear: Thesday, Jan. 8 ~~~ Exhibits Classical Numismatic Group: Thesday & Wednesday, Jan. 8-9 & • Baldwin's/M&M Numismatics/Dmitry Markov: The New York Book Signings ,7 Sale on Wednesday & Thursday, jan. 9- 10 • Stack's-Uowcrs and Ponterio: Friday & Saturday, jan. 11-12 • Kolbe & Fanning LLC: Saturday, jan. 12 Gemini Numismatic Auctions VII: Sunday. jan. 13 Bourse Information: Kevin Foley - Bourse Chairma n P.O. Box 370650 Milwaukee, WI 53237 (414) 807~01l6· "ax (4 14) 423,0343 E-mail : [email protected] Visir ollr lVebsire. www./lyi/l c.inio.fora camp/ere Schedule of EI'ell1.\', including allcrion forvielVing, allcrion sessions, educaliolluf programs, {lnd more/ May/June 2012 9 called 'The Stadium." The ed a 180-degree turn around a "turn 600-foot, or 2oo-yard, Sta in g post," and then returned to the dium race was held starting or finish line [see Figure 7 on throughout Greece and was page 18 ]. This procedure was repeat so popu lar that it became a ed for the 4,800-yard race. standard unit of measure On the south side of the stadium call ed a "stade" or "stad i was the seat for the Priestess of Moth um." However. since the er Earth, Demeter. This was an honor device used to measure sta ific tit le conferred on a diffe rent wom diums was the hu man foot, an every four years, and she was the the actual length of Greek on ly woman permitted to view the stadiums differs from onc games. Reportedly, the punishment for venue to the next. Using any other woman caught in the stadi modern equipment, the um during the festival was death by track at Olympia measures being thrown fro m a cliff. However, 208.29 yards in length and Kall ipateira. an exile from Rhodes, the one at Delphi. whe re broke thi s law and wen t un pu ni shed. th e Pythia Games we re After the death of her husband, she held. measures 192.29 trained her son to compete in the yards in length- a differ Olympics of 404 Be. On the day of ence of 16 yards. For the his contest, she entered th e st 10 The Gelato, __ OINS The Online Coin show MORE DEALERS MORE COINS, MORE VALUE D ISCOVER WHY MORE THAN 200 OF THE MOST RESPECTED DEALERS IN THE WORLD SEL L ON VCOINS.COM MORE THAN 140.000 liSTED COI NS. OVER 30 MILLION IN VALUE Buy W ITH CONFIDENC E. ALL DEALE RS ADHERE TO OUR ST RICT 'VCOI NS CODE OF ETHICS" ANCIE NT COINS · US COINS · WORLD COINS HUNDREDS OF NEW COINS LISTED DAILY AT WWW.VCOINS.COM May/June 2012 11 um BC, Minoan Crete staged public fere nt award systems. In the Iliad, The fi rSI games held al Olympia are festivals for entertainment featuring valuable prizes, such as bronze caul described in legends and myths as con men somersaulting over bulls, tum drons and tripods were awarded to alt tests between heroes or gods. It was here bling, boxing, and wrestling. Homer's who participated, both winners and that Zeus bested his father Kronos in I Iliad describes funeral games con losers. In the Odyssey, only the win wrcstling fo r the thronc of heaven. Apol- ducted for Patroclus by Achilles, and ner in each event was recogni zed, and lo beat Hermcs in a fOOl race and Ares the Odyssey has games being held in his award was the applause of the spec in wrestling. Sculptures from the east honor of the visit ing Odysseus. These tators. We will re-visit prize and no pedimcnt or the Temple of Zeus suggest two Homeric poems also reveal dif- prize Games Imer in this anicle. that the firs t Olympics were held by Pelops to celebrate his victory over King Oinamaos in a chariot race for thc hand of the king's daughtcr Hippodamcia [see Figure 9 on page 20]. There are many other lcgends describing the first Olym pics, but tradition recogni zes that: the I" Olympiad was held in 776 BC: con sisted of onc event, a 200-yard foot race: and, was won. not by a hero or god, but by a si mp le cook named Koroibos from thc city of El is. In recogn iti on of its his torical significance as the first Olympic competi tion, Olympiads were named aftcr the winner of the 200-yard root race. Also, the term "Olympiad" had, and for that matter, has today, two mean ing~: the Games themselves, and a four year period of time that starts anew at the end of the festivaL Commencing in the 4 '~ centu ry BC, Olympiads became the standard chronological mcasure of time th ro ughout the Greek world. Figure 4-£li5, Olympia, assarleel coins, ca. 471-191 Be Pholo by Ihe (willor. The Olympic Games grew from a local one-day festival to Greece-wide, or Panhell cnic proportions along with three other Games: thc Pythia at Del NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA NAC AG phi, the Isthmia at Corinth, and the Nemea near Argos. These were collec ti vely known as "The Circuit ," or if Ancient Coins - Greek - Roman - Byzantine you like, the Grand Slam of ancient Mediaeval - Renaissance - Medals athletics. Correspondingly. when an athlete won an event in each of these Auctions - Sales & Purchases - Estimations four contests, he was ti tl ed "Circuit Victor." or "Periodonikes,"-M il o of Croton won thi s title of Circuit Victor in wrestling fivc times in a row. These Circui t Gamcs were sacred, crown Games where only the first place fin ishcr in each event was recognized by Ihe prescntation of a wreath of vege tation: Olympia, a wrcath of wild ol ive !see the cover photo]; Pythia, fea tured a crown of laurel, also known as bay leaves; utist hmia, the wreath con NUMlSMATICA ARS CLASSICA NAC AG sisted of pine: and, by the Roman pe riod, thc Nemea wreath was of wild Niederdorfstr.43 3rd Floorl Genavco House celery. There was a fifth Circuit Game PO Box 17, Waterloo Place imposcd on the Greeks by the Romans. CH - 8022 ZUrich GB - London SWJ Y 4AR To commemorate his vi ctory over Ant ony and Cleopatra at Actium in 31 Be, Tel +4 1 44261 1703 Tel +4420 78397270 Caesar Augustus instilUted the Actium Games as a festival equal in stature Fax +41442615324 Fax +442079252174 wilh the other Circuit Games and fea [email protected] [email protected] tured a wreath of reeds !see Figu re 10 on page 22 1. www.arsclassicacoins.com 12 The Ce/ator Grade • The amount (or absence) of cirClJlation wmr is expressed U5ir>g J fam iliar ildjectival scale. SICILY, SYRACUSE Ch XF Co 405-390 BC (Eualnetos) Strike AR Decadrilchm (43.49g) The strength, evenness and quadriga/Arethusa centering of strike. as well as die Galliltin RXVIII/J'V1l1 state and plilnchet quality, are 198!267..Q17 Ch XF .~_. f "",,,,"f=' Strike: 4'5 =.J Surface: 5'5 ~ Fi ne Style ""~. The visible effects of circulation, oorial and rf'C<:Nefy are evaluated using a five-point scale_ Style The fine Style designation is awarded to coins of ~uperOor visual impclCt b.lsed on the qlJa lity of their style and comp05ition . ... of the world's first coinage With its unique grading system, NGC Ancients provides an accurate and concise analysis of the quality of andent coins. Byseparately assessing wear, strike, surface and style, we offer a more thorough evaluation of a coin's condition. Furiliennore, coins of exceptional merit that stand out above their peers are awarded a Star Designation (* ) - a feature exclusive to the products of NGe. Discover the true value of your ancient treasures. Visit www.NGCcoin.com/ancients MaylJune2012 13 There were no prizes, handshakes, or Age 35. Farewell. just as water is the most precious of "better-Iuck-next-times" at Olympia or elements, any of the Circuit Games for those who The Circuit Games were followed just as gold is the most valuable of came in second- WINNING WAS EV in importance by locally held prize all goods, ERYTHING! The following inscription games, such as those held at Athens, and JUJt as the sun shines brighter was found Oil the tombstone of an Egyp where jars of olive oil, money, and than an y other star, tian named Agathos Daimon who lost go ld crowns were awarded. Much so shines the Olympic Games at Olympia [see Figure lion page 22], earlier, as the Games began to pro brighter than all other Games. It reads, in part: liferate, the Greek poet Pindar put Here he died boxing in the stadium them all in perspective with his I" The ancient Olympic Games were having prayed to Zeus for a wreath Olympia Ode written during the 5'h conducted in the fourth year of the or death. century BC: Olympiad, during the second full moon after the summer solstice, July and August. The exact dates of the Games and the declaration of the Sacred Truce were announced by heralds from Elis travel ing from city to city throughout the Greek world. The Truce granted the right of free passage fo r all those trav eling to and from Olympia. In order to compete at Olympia, athletes were required to meet three criteria: First, they had to be free G reeks, slaves were not permitted to participate at Olympia; Second, no one found gui lt y of murder, robbing a reli gious sanctuary, or violating the Sacred Truce could participate; Third, athletes had to train for at least the 10 mOnlhs immediately preceding the Games and spend the last month at Olympia. There Figure 5- Fountain of Nymphs. was no restriction against an athlete who had received money for partici pating in sports. Yes, professional ath letes did compete at ancient Olympia. Also, all competitors had the right to declare any city as their sponsoring city or city of origin; a decision that could bring the athl ete both adulation and condemnation. Astylos won the ebiebal Stadium and 400-Yard Foot Race in three successive Olympiads. He also won the Hopl ite Race in Armor in his fi nal Olympiad, for a total of seven ~tlbtr Olympic victories. In his first two Olympiads, he declared Croton as his city of origin and in gratitude the peo ple there erected a statue in his honor. In his yJ Olympiad. he hailed from $9 Syracuse. Subsequently, the people of Croton ex iled him, destroyed his stat Curious about medieval as a natural complement to your ancient ue, and turned his house into a prison. collection, but don't want to spend much until you know you like it? Then start small and painless. Forevery $9 you send, I'll send THE OLYMPIC PROGRAM you a different medievaVrenaissance coin ... $18 for 2 different, .E..Y£.ru Year Added $36 for 4 different, $90 for 10 different, etc. With 12 different, 200-Yard Foot Race (Stadium) 776 get a free copy of Walker's Reading Medieval European Coins. 400-Yard Foot Race 724 4,800-Yard Foot Race 720 Please add $4 postage per order. Pentathlon & Wrestling 708 Boxing 688 [email protected] 4-Horse Chariot Race 680 lIen G. Berman (845) 434-6090 ...... ,..,,, ~"~ " ....,~, Horse Race & Pankration 648 u.s. orders acld $4 postage P.O. Box 605-E overSeas orde", sen! a! buye(s Race In Armor 520 Fairfield, CT 06824 USA risk arld a", always w~1oome ~~a. • • 4 ~ 14 The Celator THE PREMIER ELECTRON IC AUCTION• FOR COINS UC Ions " REAL-TIME AUCTIONS " BI-WEEKLY AUCTIONS END ING EVE RY OTHER THURSDAY " QldALlTY COI NS " ALL LOTS PROFESS IONALLY CATALOGUED AND PHOTOGRAPHE D " GREAT DEALS ON COI NS " CONVEN IE N T PAYMEN T METHODS ACCEPTE D " FAST AND SECURE SHIPPING " AUTH ENTIC ITY GUARANTEED ON ALL COINS REGISTRATION IS EASY AND FREE!! May/June 2012 15 2-Horse Chariot Race 408 number of the contests had equivalent relatively constant until the Roman Trumpeters & Heralds 396 events for boys between the ages of 12 emperor Theodosius J ordered the and 18, and the equestrian events had closing of al l pagan temples and Let's turn now to the Olympic pro corresponding races for colts. At its banned all forms of pagan cults in 391 gram. Few. if any, of the events origi peak, the program consisted of a 20- AD, marking the cnd of the first 1, 166 nated at Olympia. Rather, they were event, tlve-day festival. After the ad years of Olympic history. That same raised to Olympic status only after dition of the competition for Heralds year, he moved the gold and ivory stat gaining popularity elsewhere. Also, a and Trumpeters, the program remained ue of Zeus to Constantinople were it was subsequently destroyed in a fire. ' FOOT RACES: The first three events incorporated into thc program featured running: 200-Yard, 400-Yard and 4800-Yard Foot Races. There was a fourth foot race held at Olympia that was not part of this Olympic program. At the two-year mid-point between Olympiads, a festival was held at Olympia in honor of the god Hera. This one-day festival featured a foot race between maidens. The course was about 165 yards long, and the winner was awarded a wild olive wreath and the right to erect a statue of herself in the sanctuary. In any case, the starting position for all Greek foot races was with the body bent slightly forward and the arms ex tended. The spacing of the feet was kept uniform by a starting line with Figure 6-Pedestals for the statues of Zeus leading to Stadium en two grooves designed for the athletes' trance. Photo by the author. toes: The runner placed the toes of his lead fonl in the forward-most groove, and those of the other foot in the rear groove. This starting line could ac Edward J. Waddell, Ltd. commodate 20 runners. Ancient Coin Specialist Although there are no records of winning times in these foot races, ac Greek, Roman & counts have survived that cast light on .--c the athletic ability of ancient runners: For all Y.OUf coliectin&.;needs'- ...Visir our - At the 113'h Olympiad, Ageas of Adfierit C::oins \ Argos won the 4,800-Yard Foot Race '-. .!' -;, PI 'l . ~ NUf'!lsmatic books in the morning, than ran home 10 Ar II' .rAbaU( coin cases gos, 68 miles away, arriving there that - X~ ·s~~w same night. - Leonidas of Rhodes won the Sta Ik;:-;;!I.'! ~ I dium, the 400-Yard Foot Race, and the Race [n Armor in four consecutive Olympiads for a total of [2 Olympic victories. -In 490 Be, a messenger by the name of Pheigippides ran from Ath ens to Sparta to seek Spartan help against the Persians during the battle of Marathon. He ran the 150 miles in less than two days. Days later, 2,000 fully armed Spartans covered the 150 miles to Athens in three days. PENTATHLON: The Pentathlon was added in 708 BC and. as the name implies, consisted of five components: Long Jump with weights, Javelin, and P.O. Box 3759, Frederick, MD 21705 Discus were uni que to this event. A Phone: (301) 473-8600 • Fax: (30!) 473-R7I6 • E-mail: [email protected] 16 The Gelator FONTANILLE COINS I www.FontanilleCoins.com IN OUR SALE 37: Herod Philip (Hendin 1223) First Jewish Revolt (Hend in 1360) Exceptional condition Overstruck on a prutah of Antonius Felix OUR NEW BOOK IS JUST PUBLISHED! THE COlNS OF HEROD: A MODERN ANALYSIS AND DIE CLASSTFICATJON 204 The Coins of Herod II. Modn-n il.n~lysis ~nd Dit CI~SJifirallon www.brill .nllcoins-herod MaylJune2012 17 200-Yard Foot Race and Wrestling LONG JUMP: Let us fi rst look at w ith the a id o f two five- po und completed this event and were also the Lo ng Jump with weights. This weights. During the I" Modern O lym separate events. The system used to event was conducted while carrying a pics of 1896. the winning long jump. determine the winner in the Pentath weight in each hand Isee Fi gure 12 on without weights. was 20' 9-3/4". lon has not survived antiq uit y, but schol page 23 1. Dr. P:ll ueologos writing in ars generally agree that success in three the book. Th e Elernal Olympics, sug .JAVELIN: The javelins used at components including wrestl ing was gests that the usc of weights provided ancient O lympi a differed from mod enough to win the overall tit le. 2 the jumper with two distance multi- ern javelins by their finger thongs. pliers: F irst, by thrusti ng th e weights forward at the apogee of the jump caused the weights to pull the jumpe r forward ; Second, during de scent , the weights were rotated down, pushed to the rear. then dropped caus ing an equal, oppo site reaction on the j umper of thrust ing him forward. In 1854, a profes si ona l at hlete named J. Howard demonstrated the e ffective ne ss of this procedure at Figure 7-Runner about to pass around a turning post. Chester. England Figure 8- Laurea te head of Zeus, Philip II, AR Tet Corinth, /E-16mm, 81 -96 AD. Photo by the author. by jumpin g 29' 7" radrachm, 356-336 ee. Photo by the author. Reportedl y. Napoleon Bonaparte test ed the use of a finger thong and found that an untrained athlete could throw r:....,.,1"""1::J_ the javelin 81 feet without the thong and 211 feet with a thong for a differ D R. B USS 0 P E USN A C H F. ence of 130 feet. NUMISMATISTS AND DISCUS: The di scus was ori ginal ly of stone evolving to iron, lead, and AUCTIONEERS SINCE 1870 bron ze. Like its modern counterpart , it was circular with convex sides. It ap pears that all the competitors used the FOllndt'd as one of [he firs! numismJ[k :!lIt-1ion hous.:s in Germany our finn has same discus during a single Olympiad. l"':en a (.'(.'n[re of Ihe numismatic !fade and for numism~[ie studies ever since. Since pentathletes had up to five We offer experience and reliability applied [0 a compk[c sct of sclVices from tries for their best effort, pegs were estimates and cxpcn advice [0 [he acquisition and sale of imponanl single items pl aced to mark each attempt [see Fig as well For further inform~tion order our ca talogues or visit our web site www.pc lls-muenzcn.de WRESTLING: Wrestling was the final and deciding event in the Pen tathlon as well as a separate event: it appears the rules were the same in both cllses. Plutarch considered wrestling the most ski ll ful and cunning of sports. The wrestlers fought standing on their feet, and the match was decided by the first to win three out or five falls (see Fi gure 14 on page 241. Fighting prone or on the ground was not part of thi s DR , BUSSO PE US NACHF I BORNWIESENWEG 3<1 event. A Spartan by the name of Hi p D-60322 FRANKFURT AM MAIN! TEL +49(69)-9 59 66 20 posthenes won six wreaths in Olym- FAX +49(69)-555995 ! WWW,PE l)S·M tJ ENZEN,[)E 18 The Celator ANACS t-____--.: T:.:..H;.::E~C~O:!:!:LLECTOR ' S CHOICE ,.. ANACS - Ame ri ca's Oldest Coin Grad:in::g-:s~e~rv~ice:':. ~E:-s-ta-b l -ish-e-d -1 -97-2-. ---.I Cal/ for a .f'te4 6tlbMi$$;on t;~ I = ANACS • www.anacs.com p.o. Box 6000. Englewood, co 80155 800=888-1.861. [email protected] --_ ... _-... ---...... - .... - ...... - MaylJune2012 19 pic wrestling, and his son followed their knuckles were covered. Early on, second finger joints 10 the knuckles him by winning five wreaths. This fa the hands and knuckles were wrapped [see Figure 15 on page 24] . As damag ther & son team dominated Olympic with long, narrow strips of leather ing as these might appear, they were wrestling for almost half a century. cal led "soft thongs." During the 4' ~ mild when compared to the Roman century Be, these were replaced with variety called "caestus." The caestus BOXING: Boxing was, perhaps, "sharp thongs"- glove-like wrappings incorporated lead, iron, and even the most physically injurious of the incorporating thick. protruding bands spikes in the wrappings. In any case, events. This was due in part to the way of oxhide covering the area from the there were no we ight classes, rounds, or rest periods during a boxing match. The following sarcastic poem from antiquity suggests the degree of physical damage boxers sustained during these bouts: After twenty years of absence, Odysseus returned home. His dog Argos knew him as soon as he saw him. But yOil , Stratophon, who boxed for four hours, are not recognizable to people much le.\·s dogs. And, if you were to look inlO a mirror, you'd shout, "That's not StralOplwn, I swear it!" The first and most obvious way to defeat an opponent was to knock him out. Next, a boxer won the match when his opponent signaled defeat by a raised index finger. Figure 9-Statues from the east pediment of the Temple of Zeus. Photo by the author, 4-HORSE CHARIOT RACE: This race was run for 12 laps of the Hippodrome, approximately 8- 1/2 miles. Several anomalies appear in the ANTIQUA INC. chariot race. First, charioteers were not required to participate in the nude, as • Specializing in ancient art and numis was the case for the OIher athletes. Sec ond, the winning charioteer, or jockey matics with an emphasis on quality, in the case of the horse races. was not rarity, and desirability awarded a victory wreath; this hOllor went to the owner of the horses. As a • Over 25 years of professional expertise result, equestrian events became a fa vorite of kings, and the way a woman • Regular and acti ve presence in the could become an Olympic champion international marketplace without ever entering Olympia. A black granite pedestal found in the sanctu • Fully illustrated catalogues featuring ary of Olympia contains the following carefully selected material inscription: My father and brothers were • Representation for serious collectors Spartan kings. at all major internati onal aucti on sales 1 won with a team offast-footed horses and put up this statue. • Appraisals, market advice, liquidation I am Kyniska: advice and professional courtesy to all 1 say I mn the first woman in Greece 10 win this wreath. in terested parties Kyn iska of Sparta won the Four • Visit our web site: Antiquainc.com Horse Chariot Race at Olympia in both Afully illustrated cataLogue sent upon request 396 Be and 392 BC. 20969 VENTU RA BLVD., SUITE #II TEL: 818-887-00II HORSE RAC E: The Horse Race WOODLAND HIllS, CA 91364 FAX: 818-887-0069 was run for six laps of the Hippodrome, E-Mail: [email protected] 20 The Celator ./Irtemide ./Iste ------s.r.C - --'------ Auctions Calendar 2012 Electronic Auction 16E - May Auction XXXVI - June Electronic Auction 17E - July Electronic Auction 18E - Semptember Electronic Auction 19E - October Electronic Auction 20E - November Auction XXXVII -December Electronic Auction 21E - December Complimentary catalogues upon request. www.artemideaste.com If you are interested in consigning, please contact us. )htemiaejlste s.d - Via A. Giangi 4 - 4789\ DOGANA -Republic of San Mari no Tel. +37 8 0549 908845 - Fax +378 0549 9721 42 Emai l: [email protected] May/June 2012 21 or about fou r miles. Jockeys rode wi th out a saddle, nude, and used a whip. As mentioned earlier, the equestrian events permitted absentee owners to wi n Olympic wreaths. In 356 BC, Phi l ip I [ of Macedon had just won a major militllry vic tory when a messengcr lIr rived to te ll him his horse had won at Olympill. That same day, he also re ceived word his wi fe had gi ven birth to a son, the son that grew up to be Alexander the Great. Of these three events, Ph ilip II selected his Oly mpic victory to commemorate by having a sil ve r tetradrachm struck [see Figure 16 on page 24]. PANKRATION: This eve nt was added in 648 BC and consisted of a sig nature guard position: the athl ete's weight rested on his rear foot and hi s han ds were held hi gh with fingers curled lsce Figure 17 on page 25 J. The Figure tt-Stefe of Agathos Daimon. Greek writer Philostratus considered Pankration "the best and most manly ing imperfect boxi ng and imperfect RACE IN ARMOR: The Hoplite event in the Ol ympic program." He wrestling." Simply stated, Pank.rati Race in Armor covered 400 hundred · also described il as "a contest combin - aSIS could do anything but bite and yards and served as a training ve hicle gouge their opponent's eyes. The for the large ly citizen Greek army. It match in Pan kration, as in boxing, wns initially conducted with the par was over wh en o ne fighter was tici pan ts wearing shin guards, a hel knocked out or quit by raising his mel, and carrying a sh ield. The shin index fin ger. guards and the helmet were eventual In 564 BC, ATr ichion of Phi ga ly discarded, but carrying the shield leia competed for his th ird Ol ym cont inu ed as long as the event was pic championship in the Pank.ration. held. The snapshot of an electru m coin During the deciding match, his op from Cyzicus in Ion ia in Figure 18 (on ponent wrapped his legs around Ar page 25) demonstrates that the Greek's richion's wa ist and his arms around uni que starting position for foot races his neck and began strangling him. lIlso appl ied to this even I: The runner In desperati on, Arrichion seized his is leaning forwllrd with knees ben t, one opponent 's foo t and dislocated the foo t in fro nt of the other. and hi s frec ankle. The pu in caused his opponent hand thrust forward: to rai se his index fin ger and signal defeat. Arrichion was declared the 2-HORSE CHARIOT RACE: victor, but the strangle-hold had Thi s Chariot Race was run over a killed him . Arrichion's third Olym course of abou t 5 mi les. Charioteers Figure 10-Wreath of reeds with AKTfA. £pi pic wreath was placed on his used a prod rather than a whip, as was rus, Nicopolis, AR Hemidrachm, 140/ 143 corpse.} the case with Roman charioteers. In AD. Photo by the author. 348 BC, Philip II of Macedon's cha ri ot won this event, and he commemo rated the occasion by ordering a gold coin to be minted. This was Philip's third equ estri an victory in as many Ol ympiads: Hi s four-horse chariot won that event in the preceding Games. TRUMPETERS & HERALDS: Commenci ng in 396 BC, trumpeters and heralds competed for wreaths and the· right to perform those fun ctions throughout the Olympiad. These were Ihe only non-ath letic events regularly held at Olympia. Conversely, the pro gra ms of the other Circuit Games in cluded the performing arts. 22 The Celator The program contained several oth of the last lap, the jockey dismoun t er events that had brief lives at Olym ed Isee Figure 19 on page 56J; he pia. From 500 BC to 444 BC, a Two finished the last lap by running Mule Cart Race was conducted at alongside his horse leading her by Olympia. Anaxilas, the tyrant of the bri dl e. This event, as the Two Rhegium and Messana, won the event Mule Cart Race, was last seen at in 480 BC, and coins were struck to Olympia in 444 BC. celebrate his victorious mule-cart. The Roman emperor Nero post In 496 BC. the Ride-and-Run poned the Games of 65 AD until 67 Horse Race was added to the program. AD. In fac t, he had all the Circuit The event was held with mares racing Games held in 67 AD so he could arou nd the Hippodrome for an unde "compete" and "win" the title of term ined number of laps; at the start "Circuit Victor" in one year. At Olympia, he ordered a number of events added, such as Harp Playing and a 10-Horse Chariot Race. Re portedly, he fell out of his chariot Figure 13-Pentathlete marking his effort during the chariot race due to intox with peg. Thrace, Bizya, /E-16mm, 244-247 ic ation, and was permitted to re AD. Photo by the author. mount the chariot and race on 10 vic tory; he was the only chariot in the tige the wreaths of Ol ympia had at race. He received a wreath for this tained, even in the Roman world. event as well as five others. In 68 AD , However, when Koroibos won the Nero made a triumphal return to Rome I" Ol ympiad, he did no t receive a riding in Caesar Augustus' chariot. wreath. During the earliest games, the wearing a wild ol ive wreath of Olym winners were given valuables sueh as pia, carrying a Pythia lau rel wreath in bronze caldrons [see Figure 20 on page his right hand and preceded by a line 56] . The wreath made its first appear Figure 12- Athlete holding o f attendants carrying the other ance in Greek athletics as a wild-olive th kerykeion and jumping weight. wreaths he had "won" on the Circuit. wreath in the 7 Olympiad. Initially, Thrace, Bizya, /E-28, 197-217 AD. Thi s bizarre behavior by a Roman em victors were awarded their wreaths as Photo by the author. peror demonstrated the immense pres- We'll see you at the... www.freemanandsear.com SAN FRANCISCO Unsurpassed expertise and experience in the field of classical coins. We offer. . HISTORICAl BOURSE ~ Ala rge inventory of quality Gree k, Roman, Byzantine and Bib lical coins May U-12, 2012 in all price ranges. ~ Among the finest Fixed Price Lists and J\l ail Bid Sales in the field, available lONG BEACH EXPO in print and downloadable foml. May 31-June 2,2012 ~ Personali zed service in starting, building and liquidating collections. Visit OIU" website fOT details ~ Auction representation and consultation at all major sales the world over. Freeman &Sear I P.O. Box 641352 I Los Angeles, California 90064-6352 email: [email protected] ~~:'~~: ~3I~0/450-9J;5 FAX: 310/450·8865 MaylJune2012 23 soon as they won their respective and legs. Even though jockeys and events. As the festival grew, this pro charioteers did not receive a victory cess changed, until il finally settled on wreath, they were awarded a palm and the following: First, the wreaths were ribbons. Even the horse was awarded cut from a wild olive tree at the rear a ribbon. On the last day of the festi of the Temple of Zeus. They were then vals. adorned with victory ribbons, placed on a gold and ivory table in the athletes were awarded their wreaths in Temple of Zeus. When an athlete won the Temple of Zeus. Along with the an event, he was immediately award wild olive wreath, a recipient had his ed a palm branch and had long wool name placed on the list of Olympic en ribbons tied around his head, arms, victors and was given the right to erect a statue of himself in the sanctuary.s Although monetary or intrinsical ly valuable awards were not given at Olympia, that did not preclude the Figure IS-Hand with boxing sharp athlete from receiving them from his thongs and palm above. Ionia, Smyr hometown or anyone else. Olympic na, 1E-16mm, ca. 2"'1-1" century BG. victors, returning horne, were given Photo by the author. lump sums of money, lifetime pen ognized throughout the Greek world. sions, exemption from taxation, After his death, the peopl e of Thasos homes, statues erected in their honor, erected a large stalUe of him in the city. and social station that sometimes pro A man who had competed against pelled the athlete from hero to god. Theagenes, but never beat him, would Theagenes of Thasos won the box ing go nightly to the statue and fl og it as if championship in the 75 'h Olympiad he were beating Theagenes himself. One and the Pankration in the 76' ~ . In fact, night during the flogging, the statue he won wreaths in all the Circuit came loose from its base, fe ll on its tor Games: three in the Pythian Games, mentor, and kil led him. Well, the chil nine in the Nemean, and ten in the Isth dren of the dead man took the statue to Figure 14-Two wrestlers grappling. As mian Games. Reportedly, Theagenes court and accused it of murder. The court pendos, Pamphylia, AR Stater, ca. 400 won 1,200 \0 1,300 championships dur found the statue gu il ty as charged, and BG. Photo by the author. ing 22 years of competition and was rec- sentenced it to exile by being thrown into the sea. Shortly [hereafter, a drought befell Thasos. An oracle told the people of Thasos that, in order to end the "" ,,,.. ()~.~ "', .. drought, they had to bring back all ex iles. Alt hough the exiles were returned, :/ r)~vV the drought continued. The islanders , , , again questioned the oracle and were rentinded that they had not brought back the statue. After the statue was returned to its original site, the drought ended. Thereafter, the islanders made sacrific es to Theagenes as a god of healing. We are currently accepting material for our future auction program. If you're thinking of selling contact us today. DIX NOONAN WEBB 16 Bolton Street Mayfair London W1J SBQ England Telephone 44 20 7016 1700 Fax 4420 7016 1799 Figure 16- Horse race victory com memorative. Philip II, AR Tetradrachm, Email [email protected] 356-336 Be. Photo by the author. 24 The Gelator ."The author will prese nt a 60- Endnotes lematimw/ Journal of the Hi story of minute li ve ve rsion of thi s artic le on I "Theodosius I: ' The Ox/oni Clas Spon. He is a Life Member of thc Saturday, August I I tho in Philadel sical Dictionary. Oxford Press, 1991 , American Num ismatic Association, as ph ia. PA at the ANA World 's Fair o f pp_ 1055- 1056. well as a member of the American Nu Money. The ANA conventi on will be ~ M ilav ic, A.F .. "Coins of the mi smatic Society. the Royal Num is held at Ihe Penn sylva ni a Convent ion Greek Pentathlon. The Celator. July mati c Society. and the Ancient Numis Center. 1101 Arch Street. and the 2006. pp. 8-20. matic Society of Washington. D.C. author's p re se ntat io n will be in ] Mi lavic, A. F. . " Pankrali on and Roo m 1048 alii AM. Greek Coins," The Celator, Decem ber 1999. pp. 6- 16. comil/ued 011 page 56 .... 4 Milav ic. A. F. , "The Hoplitc Race in Armor:' Th e Celator. Au gust 1991, pp. 6-10. S Milavic, A.F.. " Th e First Greek Wrestler-Type Coin:' Til e Jl1I emational } olll"/!al of tile His wry of Sp ort, Volume 10, Lon don, December 1993, pp. 409- 4 17. About th e author- Anthony F. Milavic is a ret ired USM C offic er who resides in Reston. Virgin ia. Hi s interest in ancient numis matics started in 1973 with the Ol ymp ic Games, and rapidly blossomed to include all Greek agonistic festivals. He is an ac tive lecturer and writer on those Figure IS- Race in armor starting position. Figure 17- Pankralion en garde position. subjects. This is his seventh cov Alexander III, AR Tetradrachm, ca. 330-318 Mysia, Cyzicus, EL 1/6 Stater, ca. 450·400 er article fo r The Celatol", and his BG. Photo by the author. BG. Photo by the author. work has also appeared in The 111 - GIES$ENER MUNZHANDLU N G GMBH Auctions Gallery Buy & Sell ~NG Consulting Expertise Gorny & Mosch GmbH MaximiJiansplarz 20 D -80333 Munchen Tck +49-89-24 22 64 30 Fa" +49-89-228 55 13 [email protected] Gorny & Mosch Moskau Andrey PyatYbrin TeL + 7 915 014 3539 [email protected] May/June 2012 25 ANTIGONUS II GONATAS claim kins hip w ith most of Alex (Di aJ och i) . Craterus, Perdi cclls. by Paul Anderson ander's generals, he w as the grand Phill ip III. ScJcucus, Ptolemy, Lysi son of Antigonus I M onophthalmus machus, Ant ipater, Anti gonus I and ("the one-eye"), son-i n-law to Sclcu others, wo uld fight four " Diadoch Anti gonus " Gonatas was a wor eus I, and nephew of Ptolemy J, Lysi wars" and numerous battles. as they th y successor 10 Alexander's thro ne. machus. Perd icc;ls, Cassandcr and Pyr competcd fo r control over their ter Born in 3 19 BC, 4 years aft er Alex rhus. W ith so many powerful and am ritories. Antigonus I died in battle ander's death. Antigonus II had to bitious relat ives as rivals, Anti gonus at the age of 81 at Ipsus in 301 BC, survive numerous ri vals du ring hi s must have possessed so me significant and Lysimachus died at the age o f methodical rise to power. As was ski!ls to surv ive their intri gues and re 79 durin g the battle of Coru pedium Iypic al with the Macedonian rulers main in power for 44 years. in 281. Perdiccas. Phillip III , and of th e lime, it was thought that o ne The Anti goni d dynasty, begun by Sele ucus were murdered by rivals. could only trust close relatives or Antigonu s I, lasted fro m 306 Be, or the original successors of Al ex those connected through marriage, with his clai m of the title of king. \ 0 ander, only Antipater and Pt olemy T his trust was often misplaccd, as the deat h o f Perseus i n 166. The de were fortunate enough to d ie o f nat ambi tion and lust fo r power proved feal of Perseus in 167 Be by the ural causes in thei r late seventies stronger than fa mil ial ties for many. Romans led to Macedon becoming a and earl y eighties respectively. Son o f Demetrius Poliorcetes and Roman province. Demet rius Poliorcetes ("th e be grandson o f Antipater thro ugh his Followin g Alexander's death in sieger") was j ust IS-years-old when mother Phila. Anligonus II could Babyl on in 323 Be, the successors hi s son An tigonus II Gonatns was born , possibl y at Gonnoi in Thessa Iy. The ori gi n of his ni ckn ame "Go natas" is uncertain. and may be re lated to hi s birthplace. Demetrius' father, Anti gonus L was 46 when Demetri us was born. At the age of 19. De metrius accompanied his fa ther on campaign against Eumcnes in 3 17 BC. and their successes in the second and th ird Diadoch wars re sulted in Antigonus I gaining th e greatest share of power and territo ry. [t ap pears that Antigonus I in tend ed to re-build and unify Alex ander's vas t empire. Triumph in Cy prus in 306 BC prompted Antigonus I to accept the ti tl e o f Basilells (King), and to proclaim Demetrius as co-ruler. The death of Alexander IV at the hands of Cas sander in 3 10 BC left the Macedonian throne va cant for the preceding 4 years. T he power imbalance created by Antigonus J resulted in cooperation between Pto lemy, Lysimachu s, Cus san der. and Seleucus. who comb ined fo rces to fe-assert control o ver thei r terri tories. The result was the 5-year long 4'h Diadoch war, from 306 to 301 BC. The death in bailie of Ant i gonus I in 30 I Be. and the narrow escape o f Demetrius, led 10 Seleu cus gaining control over much of the eastern terri tori es previously unde r Ant igonid rule. Figure 1-Fresco from the house of Fannius Sinistor at Boscoreale, Demetrius retained control over showing members of the Antigonid family (Antigonus Gonatas and Phila). National Archaeological Museum, Naples. muc h o f hi s father ' s territ ory in 26 The Celator Greecc and Asia Minor. Foll owing th e death of Cassander in 297 BC, and the death and exile o f Cassand er's sons, in 294 Demetrius was again proclaimed King by the Mace donian army. Unsuccessful attempts by Demetrius to gain territories from Ly silllliChu s led to the loss of con trol over Macedonia in 288 BC. In despair, AlltigOllUS GOllatas' mother Ph ila took her life by poison in 287 Be. Demetri us' invasion into Ly si machus' Asia Minor territo ry in 286 Be resulted in hi s captu re by Sctcu ,t,,'emy _e ..U.H , CllS in 284. and his death in capti vi ty in 283. ...tigon ... _ l y.II... c h ... Antigonus II Gonatas learned hl,ueus much from his fa ther and grandfa Figure 2- Rickard, J. (7 July 2007). Hellenistic World. 315-311 BG, http:// ther. During the first 36 years of his www.historyofwar.org/Maps/maps_Diadoch3.hlml. life he hnd wilnessed great victories. stalemates. and major defeats, both on the battlefield and in th e council With the death of his father Seleucus. Seleucus was then mur chambers. Demetri us, Antigonus II found him dered the fo llowi ng year by his broth During the siege of Thebes. ca. 295 self king of ve ry litt le te rrito ry and e r- in -law, Pto lemy Ceraunus. The BC, Ant igonus II questioned his father in nucnce. Much had changed in the same year. 280 BC, saw Pyrrhus on the unnecessarily high casualty rate 22 years foll owi ng the death o f his leave Greece to begi n what wou ld amongst his solders attacking the fo r grandfat her. become a 6-year campaign agai nst ti fi cations. Demetrius' response wa s Fortunately. continuing rivalries Ihe Romans in It aly and Sicily. rather callous: "I don't have to feed and ambitions of others soon result These events did not mean that the dead:" yet. he did alter hi s tactics. ed in gains for Antigonus II. Lysi Antigonus II could enjoy a Lim e of and trc3ted the city leniently when it machus died in 28 1 BC during the was eventually taken. batt le of Corupedium against 90th Coin Auction Rauch - Live bidding Bid live from your location by computer! H.D. RAUCH GRABEN IS, 1010 VIENNA, AUSTRIA ~·i ...... TEL.: + 43 1 533 33 12 [email protected] RAUCH FAX : +43 1 53561 71 www.hdrauch.com May/June 2012 27 peace. In the summer of 280 BC, Once Antigonus II re-asserted his A detailed account from the au three large groups of Gauls invaded control over the Greek cities in his thor Pausanias, writing during the Macedonia intent on plunder. The domain, in the summer of 277 BC reig n o f Hadria n, describes how Gauls were accustomed to dealing he annihi lated a la rge force of Gauls earthquakes, li ghtning storms, and with strong Macedonian rulers, such in battle and was proclaimed "The landslides occurred during an attack as Phillip II and his son, and recog savior of the Greeks." Coins of An by the Gau ls on Del phi. The effect nized an opportunity with the present tigonus II depict the demi -god Pan of these forces of nature, coupled instabi lity. Ptolemy Ceraunus, the as (see Figures 3 and 4), and some with a relentless attack from the sassin of Seleucus, was ki lled during sources claim that his victory over Greeks, resulted in mass confusion bailie wi th the Gauls, along with many the Gauls was attributed to help amongst the Gau ls when they were other Macedonian nobles. from the demi-god Pa n. encam ped after nightfall. Thinking they were under att ack in the dark ness, the Gauls began fightin g each other, with major casualties. The Greeks who witnessed this specta cle concluded that the demi-god Pan. who in sti!ls panic in his ad ve rsaries, had responded to their appeals for divine aid. Those Gauls who survived fled to Asia Minor, where they settled in a region that was to be become known as Galatia. In contrast with his father Dem etriu s, who had a well-earned repu tation of high-risk behavior, Antigo nus II was more diplomatic and me thodical. Wh ile his fat her was on the Macedonian th ro ne in the early 3,d Figure 3- AR Tetradrachm of Antigonus Gonatas, with the head of Pan in th e cen centu ry BC, An ligonus " spent ter of a Macedonian shield on the obverse. The reverse image is of Athena ad much of his time in Athens, where vancing left with shield and spear. From the author's collection. he gain ed respect and enjoyed the support of many leading Athenians. Antigonus II's choice of im ages of Athena on the maj ority of hi s coin age may be a reflection of this rela tionshi p with the Athenians. In 274 BC, Pyrrhus returned to Greece from Ita ly. Unhappy with the lack of support he received from An tigonus II, Pyrrhus sought to cl aim the Macedon ian throne. Recognizing the superior strength of Pyrrhus' ex perienced army and Galli c merce naries, Antigonus 11 avoided a ma jor confrontation, and ceded por tions of western Macedonia to Pyr rhus. Pyrrhus, always seeking op portunities for battle, responded to a request by the exil ed Spartan king Cleonymus and led a large force of 25,000 soldiers to attack Sparta. With Antigonus II supporting the Spartan King Areus, a nephew of Cleonymus, Pyrrhus was repelled and retreated to Argos. Pyrrhus died in 272 BC, du ring a skirmish in the streets of Argos, after being felled by a roof tile thrown by an elderly woman. Antigonus 11 honored his www.cgbft 49-year-old nemesis with a royal burial , and placed Pyrrhus' son llUIllISITlatlcs Helenus on the thro ne in Epirus. Antigonus II reigned for another 36, rue Vivienne 75002 Paris, Phone: +33(0) I 42332599 - e-ma!l [email protected] 33 years after the de at h of Py rrhus, contending with numerous revolts 28 The Gelator from the Greek cities, and attacks from Ptolemy II. He died of natural causes in his eightieth year, and was succeed ed by his son Demetrius II. According" to the ancient author Aelian, Antigo nus II Gonatas described his monar chy as "a glorious se rvitude." Abollt the allthor~ P au l Anderson is a mechanical engineer from Van couver, Be, and an active member of the Vancouver and Seattle An cient Coin Clubs. A collector of an cient coins and Celator subscriber fo r 14 years, this is his fourth arti cle for The Celator. Figure 4-/E 20 of Antigonus Gonatas. Obverse: head of Athena wearing Corin Bibliography thian helmet, facing right. Reverse: Pan erecting a trophy. From the author's Gabbert, l anice J ., AlltigOllllS 11 collection. GOllatas ~ A Political Biography, Routledge, London, 1997. Pausanias, Guide to Greece, Vol ume I, trallslated by Peter Levi. Penguin Books, UK , 1984. Head, Barclay V., Historia Nu Say you read it in morum- A Mallual of Greek Numis matics, Argonaut, Chicago, 1967 reprint of 1911 London original. Champion, Jeff. Pyrrhus of Epif!ls, The Celator! Pen and Sword Books Ltd., UK , 2009. !!iI SHOPS® Visi t t he leading online coin mall for medals, banknotes and accessories. 400,000 items discover - enjoy - collect www.ma-shops.com WWVI'.ma-shops.com I [email protected] May/June 2012 29 A Unique "Royalist Series" Didrachm of Philip III by Kevil! R. Cheek This unique coin is undoubtedl y a reflec tion of the times following the death of Alexander th e Great. circa 323 Be. Alexander died in Babylon, and academics to this day are divided as to the cause of his death; either by di sease, such as dingy-fever. a virus simi lar to West Nile, or malaria; or by poison, such as strychnine or helle bore. 1 What is clear is thaI after his death, a mad scramble fo r wealth and power began with his ge nerals. known Photo A- Photo of the subject specimen. From a Swiss private collection. as the " DiadochL" and also by the sur vivi ng members of the royal family This compromise became an accord nus, Anti pater, and Craterus moved and their SuppoTlcrs, k nown as the that e nsured that Ph ilip Arrhidaeus and agai nst Eumenes, and Perdiccas "Royalists." Alexander IV were both 10 reign con moved against Ptolemy in Egypt. The Wi th the passing of Alexander, Pe r jointly: and Perdiccas. a member of the caslls belli for the war was Ptolemy's diccas. who succeeded Hcphacstio ll in old ruling house in Ihe Oreslis region highj acking of Alexande r's body to 324 Be as cavalry commander and of Macedonia. and the fo remOSI of all Egypt, and Antigonus' refusal to obey Grand Vizier. called an emergency the chiefs gathe red in Babylon. was to Perdiccas who issued a summons for meeti ng in Babylon, known as the be Regent. The " Royal is t Pa rty" his help fo r the invasion of Egypt. Pcr "Assembly of the Macedonians." This pinned their hopes on Perdiccas. who diccas' invasion of Egypt was a dra Assembly was an ancic nt Macedonian was for holding the Empire togethe r mati c fai lure, which resulted in his custom in which the assembled army under Ihe cent ral authority of the roy death at the hands of his own gener elected a new king. The Assembly in al house of Alexander the Great. In als. Seleuc us, Pithon, and Antigcnes. Babylon voted for the division of the support of Perd iccas was Olympias, Eumenes did manage to defeat and kill Empire among the Bodyguards and the mother of Al exander, and Eumenes Craterus in May of 32 1 BC, and Anti Companions of Alexander, with Per of Cardia, who had been given the sa pater became guardian of Philip Ar di ccas confirmed as Regent for the trapy of Cappadocia at Babylon. rhidaeu~ and Alexander IV, known as Empire. Perdiecas wsatrap of Phrygia. A BC, Antipater bequeathed his great witted son of Phi lip II and a Thessal mere eighleen months after the death office 10 Polyperchon. and the "Roy ian wi fe. of Alexander. circa 321 Be , An tigo- alist Party" was again in flu x. Poly pe rchon allied with the queen mother Olympias, and Cassander. the son of Antipater, became viole ntly o pposed to Polyperchon, and as a result, Anti gonus made common cause with Cas· sander against Poiyperc hon, Eumencs was then recogni zed as the supreme authori ty in Macedonia as command er-in-chief of Asia, and he was later cow/ogue Oil request defeated by Antigonus in 317 Be. The KIRK DAVIS death of Eumenes also scaled the death of a united "Royalist" cause in Mace· Classical N um ismatics don, and as a result. Polyperchon and Olympias moved to eliminate Philip Post Office Box 324, Claremont, CA 9 17 11 Arrhidaeus and his wi fe Eurydice. Tel: (909) 625-5426 kirk @ancientgreek.net Cassander was then able to s ubse quently wrestle control of Macedon 30 The Gelator from Polyperchon in 317 Be, and be the name of ALEXANDER behind, fore 317 was out, Cassander attacked and another reverse die, that shows the Macedon. He soon made himself mas seated Zeus with the name of PHILIP ter of Macedon and put Olympias to behiod. Martio Price thought that the death in 3 16 Be. along with Roxanne output of the coinage at the Babylon and the young Alexander IV six years mint was very extensive just before the later in 310 Be. The "Royalist Party" death of Alexander, and that a large was then at an end, and never was able bulk of Imperial coinage was minted to rise again relative to a united Em within a very short period of time. pire ruled under the royal house of Price also believed that the primary Alexander the Great. reason for this was that many of Alex 204 Of course. the historical events ander's soldiers and mercenaries want noted above had a significant impact ed to re turn home after their long trek on the Imperial coinage of Alexander to India, and that Alexander was "en the Great. The most obvious change tertaining the idea of sending them for the Alexandrine type coinage took back home with at least some money place a few months after the death of in their pockets."3 The die links noted Alexander in 323 Be. and this change above, and the pressing need for coin was simply a name change from that age, docs show that thc Asian mints of Alexander to that of Philip. i.e. Phil of the Empire simply wanted to con ip Arrhidaeus, also known as Philip tinue minting the Alexandrine type Photo C-Price plate coin, no. III. This name change on the Imperial coinage without any major changes, 204, pl. XXIV Pella mint. 17.24 coinage took place shortly after Phil mainly because a massive amount of grams. ip Arrhidaeus and Alexander IV were coinage was requ ired not only to pay named as joint kings at Babylon in 323 the army; but"also there was a desire Be, and the Philip III Alexandrine among the Diadochi to convcrt the ey boy. with a palm, riding a race horse type coinage was produced from mints gold and silver from the newly con facing right (see Photo A). The name throughout the Empire, and is com quered Achaemenid Empire into coin. of PHILIP is seen at the top to lhe left monly comprised of draehms, tet The subject specimen is a si lver and right, and there is a bee symbol radraehms, and gold staters. Martin J. didraehm. with the obverse showing seen below the raised front leg of the Price also attributed this Alexandrine the lau reate bust of Zeus facing left, horse. This coin weighs 8.3 grams, is type coinage in the name of Philip III and the reverse showing a nude jock- ... to 323-317 Be.' The Imperial Alexandrine type coinage, attributed to the Babylon mint by Martin 1. Price. also has many die links that show the same obverse die that illustrates the head of Herakles wearing a lion's skin head dress, in combination with two reverse dies, with one showing the seated Zeus with liars Photo 8- Le Rider plate coin, no. 434, pl. 18. Pella mint. 14.35 grams. May/June 2012 31 in YF condition with some wear from doine De 359 A 294, by Georges Le that th is didraehm was minted within circulation, probable minute test cuts, Rider, no. 434, pI. 18 (see Photo B). Ihis remarkable series that has an ob and some likely excavation dings/cuts. This letradrachm also has an analo verse with Ihe left faci ng bust of Zeus. There also appears to be a small die gous designed bust of Zeus facing left Le Rider places this series at the Pella break on the reverse below the horse. on Ihe obverse, and the reverse shows mint, Group Ill , circa 323-3 15 BC.4 This coin was minted on a tight llan, a nude jockey boy, with a palm, riding Group III with the left facing bust of although one can still see sections of a racehorse facing right. The name of Zeus has 18 specimens listed. with 2 the coin on the obverse and reverse PH ILIP is seen in the same position obverse dies, and 9 reverse dies: One thai show a dotted border. This coin as the didrachm noted above, and there (1) reverse die with the OV monogram appears to be a unique example, as it is a bee symbol in the same position below the horse; two (2) reverse dies as well. The tetradrachm with the bee symbol below the raised weighs 14.35 grams, and front leg of the horse: four (4) reverse is of the weight standard dies with the letter theta below the adopted by Philip II. raised front leg of the horse; and two (This weight standard is (2) reverse dies with the letter theta somet j mes referred to as below the horse. It is interesting to the Thraco-Macedonian note thai Le Rider also placed the left weight standard with a facing group of coinage within Group tetradrachm norm of III shortly after the death of Alexander 14.2 grams. This weight in 323 Be. Pella mint. and thai he not standard was extensive ed that although this coinage resem ly studied by Doris Ray bled the coinage of Philip II, it was Photo D-Goin published by Harlan J. 8erk in Gemini mond in Mu cedoniun likely minted aftcr the death of Alex Auction IX, Jan. 2012, no. 63. Price 213A. 17.21 grams. Regal Coinage to 4/3 ander for Philip III. B. C, Americun NUllli.\· - Le Rider also noted that this group is not seen in any of the major refer mafic Society N(llIlislIlalic NOles alld of coinage "corresponded exactly" with ences, and it is an interesting type, as Monographs. No. 126, 1953.) a group of coinage thai has an obverse it resembles a smaller version of the The line design, relative to this tet with the left facing bust ofHeraklcs, and silver tetradraehms of Philip II. radrachm (see Photo B on page 31) a reverse that shows a seated Zeus fac In addition, this coin is very analo and the subject specimen (see Photo ing left wilh the name of ALEXANDER gous to a si lver tetradrachm that is A). is so analogous that it appears that behind. In addition. this coinage has a seen in Le MOn/wyage D'Argent Et both sets of dies were produced by the reverse die with a bee symbol before the D'Or De Philippe II Frappe Ell Mace- same celator, and it is quite possible seated Zeus, and another reverse die with the letter theta that is seen before the seated Zeus as well. (Sec PhotoCon page 31, Price no. 204 wi th the bee symbol, 17.24 grams; and Photo 0 , Price no. 213A Good Boy. When you own a with the letter theta, The coin featured as Photo 0 was published by Harlan J. Berk dog like Marley in Gemini. Auction IX, Jan. 20 12, no. 63, Bad Boy. you get both. and has 11 weight of 17.21 grams.) 23 R 17 Photo E-Le Rider plate coin, no. 33, pl. 2. Pella mint. 7. 15 grams. 32 The Gelator Marti n,J, Price also noted the die. An examination of the pub li shed . the name of PHILIP above, and their links between the Alexandrine coinage didrachms minted under Ph ilip 11 all .weight ranges from about 6.95-7.21 in the name of Alexander and Philip, show a Herakles bust fac ing ri ght on grams, wi th a norm of abo.ut 7.05 in addition to the bee and theta sy m the obverse, and are based on the light grams Isee Photo F). I also located one bols that arc seen on the reverse of er Thraco-Macedonian weight stan publ ished s peci men w ith a reverse these coins. Price states the following dard with an average weight of 7.05 ty pe of a nude ri der with palm seated relative to the Pella min t: "Eleven of grams. (Note: I identifi ed ten pub on horseback riding left, with the name the varieties (204, 209, 213-4, 217-8, lished specimens with a reverse ty pe of PHILI P above, and with a weight 223, 227, 230, 248-9) arc paralleled of a seated king on horseback riding of 7. 13 grams.) by tetradrachms o f t he types and left . with the name of PHI LI P above, An examination of the publiShed weights of Ph ilip II. With the die-links and their weight ranges from about didrachms minted under Alexander the that have been establi s hed, bo t h 6.85-7.24 grams, with a norm of about Great all have a Herakles bust facing among the Alex anders and among the 7.05 grams [see Photo EJ. I also iden right , as do a tl of the didrachms I ex· Phi lips, it is elear that these issues tified 25 published specimens wit h a amined minted under Philip II as not form a fa irly compact group main ly of reverse type of a nude rider with plllm ed above. The right fa cing bu sts of the ti me of Phil ip Ill, but probably seated on horseback ri ding right , with continuing a little beyond the end of con tillurd on pagr 36 . that reign.'" Price no. 204 noted above has a left fa cing Herakles bust seen on the obverse, and a seated Zeus facing THE PROFESSIONAL NUMISMATISTS Guu,O, INC. left on the reverse. The name of A L EXAN DER is seen behind Zeus, and 0",· 55 YEARS of th e bee symbol is seen at the front KNOWLEDGE, INTEG RITY & RESPONSIBILITY of the seated Zeus (see Photo C o n Founded in 1955. the PNG i.f (I non-profit OIganization. comprised page 31). This coi n weighs 17.24 of the tol) rare coin al/d paper mOlley expel"fs from all arol/ntl th e world. g rams, a nd is based on the Attic For more infomUltion 011 file PNG. please contact: we ight standard , w ith a tetradrachm norm o f 16.2 grams. that was adopt Roben Brueggeman, Executive Director ed by Alexander the G reat. It should be noted t hat this series o f coins, 2844 \ Rancho Cali fornia Rd .. Sui te 106 with the left fa c ing Herakles bus t ~ Temecula. CA 92590 seen on the obverse, is based on the ~ PNG Tel. (95 1) 587-8300 Fax (95 1) 587-830 1 ~. -- heavier Allie weight standard, and 11'11'11' VIIgdeClle(J·.colI! email: in{o@ pngdealers.com the series with a left fa ci ng Zeus bust seen on the obverse, is based on the lighter Thraco-Macedonian weight standard. It should also be noted tha t t he su bject speci m en didrachm with the left facing Zeus bust weighS 8.3 grams, tlnd is based on the heav ier Auic weight standard. )) 168 J09 Photo F- Le Aider plate coin, no. 309, pl. 13. Pel la mint. 7.21 grams. MaylJune2012 33 National Coin and Currency Convention Names Patricia Foley as General Chairman MILWAUKEE, WI-Sergio Sanchez, the only father-daughter team man· President of the Professional Curren· aging a significant numismatic event. cy Dealers Association, has announced The Professional Currency Dealers the appointment of Patricia A. Foley to Association is pleased to be associ· serve as General Chairman of the ated with the implementation of such PCDA sponsored National Coin and a progressive agenda. H Currency Convention, to be held No Ms . Foley succeeds the PCDA's vember 8-11,2012, at the Crowne Pla only Honorary Li fe Member, za Chicago O' Hare, located at 5440 Ronald Hors tman, who stepped North River Road, Rosemont, IL 60018. down last year after serving as Sanchez said of Ms. Fo ley, "She has PCDA's General Chairman for 25 been a member of our event slaff for years. Sanchez said of Horstman, the past several years, serving with "Ronald Horstman has been one distinction. Her background as a prac· of the PCDA's most constructive tieing attorney makes her especially and contributing members. In the qualified to handle the myriad 01 de 2S+-year history of our organiza tails attendant on the elfectuation of our tion, he is the only individual to annual convention. She will be joining have received the singular honor her fa lher, Kevin Foley, who has served 01 being designated as an Honor Patricia R. Foley as our Bourse Chairman lor each 01the ary life Member. Our organization previous 26 years of our event. To the is stronger because of his record of A graduate of the University of Wis best of my knowledge, this will make contributions to ou r s u ccess. ~ consin and the Un iversity of Dayton School of Law, Ms. Foley operates the Law Office of Pat ricia R. Foley, LLC in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, serves on the staff of the New York International Nu tlroftleS' in mismatic Convention, and as Deputy Bourse Chairman for the Central States Numismatic Society Anniversary Con ~ umiS'matlcS' vention . Ms . Foley said of her appoint· David R. Cervin ment, "I look forward to the opportunity to be of service to the overal l numismat 1911-2002 ic community, as well as to the booth holders at the National Coin and Cur David R. Cervin was a noted collector of an rency Convention. Numismatic events cient and medieval coinage. More impol1anlly, are far more than commercial fairs where he is credited with ~taJ1ing the "Roman Coin buying and selling take place; they are Project," a progrdill that he originated in the mid forums for the transmission 01 our cui· 1970s thai encouraged junior and studenl members of the American Nu tural patrimony from one generation to mismatic Association (ANA) to study ancient civilizations through coins. another. I recall years ago at the first coin Cervin personally gave ancient coins to participants who compleled a shon show I attended as a child being fa sci list of numismatic activities. The project continues today, havi ng been re nated by a National Bank Note from The Germ ania National Bank of Milwaukee. named the "David R. Cervin Ancient Coin Project" in his honor. and with I felt that I was holding history in my the help of ancient coin expert Harlan j. Berk, who donates the coi n ~ for the hand. I thought of th e places that note project. Cervin was honored by the ANA for aiding young collectors as he had been, the people whose lives it had received the ANA Outstanding Adult Adviser Award in 1977, Medal of entered, and a myriad of other reflec Merit in 1984 and ANA Presidential Awards in 1996 and 2(x)(). He also was tions. Being the chairman of a numis a recipient of the ANA's Howland W()()d Memorial Award for Best-in-Show matic convention is to undertake in a exhibit at their annual convention, and was honored for his column that very real sense an historical steward Ship. I am excited and honored by the appeared in The Numismatist for 10 years. confidence the members and leadership This feature is provided courtesy of Kolbe & FanniJlg of the Professional Currency Dealers Numismatic Booksellers, Gahanna, OH 43230 Association have shown in me ." continued on page 40... 34 The Gelator ANS Announces OCRE - A Major New Tool for Roman Numismatics NEW YORK- In collaboration with built on Numishare (http:// scribing the ancient world, such as Ple New York University's Institute for the n u m i share. b logs pot. com/p/abo ut iades (http://pleiades.stoa.org) project Study of the Ancient World, the Amer numishare.html), an open source suite for ancient geography. ican Numismatic Society (ANS) recent of applications for managing and pub OCRE project manager and Roman ly launched a major new tool to aid in lishing numismatic co llections on the specialist, Gilles Bransbourg describes the identification, research and cata web. The underlying data model of the the advance that is heralded by OCRE: loging of the coins of the ancient world. collection is the Numismatic Description "OCRE is a leap forward for numisma OCRE (Online Coins of the Roman Standard (NUDS http://nomisma.org/ tists, historians and archaeologists Empire) is an attempt to present, in an nuds/numismatic_database_standard), alike. Until now, any research into Ro easily searchable form , all the varieties a linked data-influenced XML ontology man imperial coinage had to re ly on of the coinage issued by the emperors for coins. NU DS enables the linking of paper-based catalogues, online auc of ancient Rome. Phase 1, wh ich was coin types in OCRE to numismatic con tions, or the very few collections avail launched on July 17, 2012, covers the cepts represented on Nomisma.org as able online. OCRE offers a single, cen coinage of the fi rst emperors, from Au well as linking to web resources that tral online catalogue that allows users gustus to Hadrian (27 Be-AD 138). describe physical specimens, such as to view, download, and organize digi The site presents a bas ic descrip those in tlie ANS' own collection. Data tized information covering the entire tion of each published vari ety based about these specimens-images, history of the Roman Imperial coinage. on the ANS' collection catalogue weights, and findspots-can be extract The attraction of OCRE is that it is built (MANTIS http://numismaticS.org/ ed for statistical and geographic analy as an open system. Any significant searCh). Each of these type descrip- ' ses in OCRE." public or private collection may now tions is linked to specimens present in A key element in the design has also link to OCRE and make its coins avail the ANS collection and, where avail been to lin k other stable resources de- continued 011 page 56... able, to images. Searches are made st raightforward through a series of fac ets, presented in a way that will already be familiar to users of other ANS ~c Q&lbc (/[Uriollitic ~boppc search lools. Traditional searches of familiar' nu (a division of RCCA Ltd.) located at mismatic categories such as obverse 111 South Orange A venue· South Orange, NJ 07079 and reverse legends and types are pro vided, in the hope that OCRE will.pro A complete collectors gallery buying & selling: vide an identification tool useful to col U.S., ancient, & foreign coins, U.S. & foreign stamps, lectors, dealers, curators and field ar paper money, tokens & medals, Classical Antiquities chaeologists. Subject searches have of Greece, Rome, Egypt, & /udaea, Pre-Columbian, also been provided to allow more gen eral researchers to find personifica American Indian, African, & Ethnographic objects tions, deities and portraits. & artifacts, along with historical and popular autographs "OCRE is yet another example of & manuscript material, Revolutionary War & earlier Americana. the way that the ANS is both present ing numismatic material to those BUYING & SELLING - FREE APPRAISALS knowledgeable in the field, as well as "You'd be amazed at what we will buy & how much we will pay" expanding the accessibi lity 'of numis matic material to broader audiences," notes ANS Executive Director Ute Wartenberg Kagan. "Building on years of curatorial work to catalogue our Prop.: Dr. Arnold R. Saslow coins, we hope that our new web Phone (973) 762-1588 • Fax (973) 761-8406 based tools will make that work avail able to as broad an audience as pos Email: [email protected] sible, in as flexible.a way as possible". Gall ery hours: Monday to Saturday 10:00 - 6:00 ANS database developer Ethan Gruber, who bu ilt OCRE, explains how Visa, MasterCard & American Express Accepted it has been designed from the begin Gift Certificates Issued ning to use a Linked Data approach to ------deliver added functionality: "OCRE is May/June 2012 35 Didrachm Cont. from page 33 Coming Events .... Herakles, seen wearing a lion 's skin headdress on this Alexandrine coin June 4-6 H.D. Rauch GmbH Auction 90, Vienna age, also show slight design variations in comparison to those examples mint· June 18-22 Fritz Rudolf Kunker Auctions 210·215, OsnabrOck cd under Philip II. I found Ihat these June 22..July 2 ANA Summer Seminar, Held on the campus of Alexandrine didrachms are based on Colorado Col/ege, Colorado Springs, CO the heavier Allic weight standard with an average weight of 8,25 grams. July 3-4 Morlon & Eden, London-The Seaver Collection of (Note: I identified 12 published spec Ancient Coins and other properties imens with a reverse type of a seated Aug. 4-11 Stack's-Bowers and Ponteria Auction at the ANA Zeus facing len, with the name of AL World's Fair of Money, Philadelphia, PA EXANDER behind the scated Zeus, and their weight ranges from about Aug. 7-11 ANA World's Fair of Money, Pennsylvania Convention 7.66- 8.44 grams. with a norm of about Center, 1101 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 8.25 grams [see Photo G). This norm Sept. 2-5 Ira & Larry Goldberg Auction No. 70, Los Angeles, GA weight of 8.25 grams is also very close featuring Part /I of the Bellisima Collection 10 the subject specimen's weight orS,3 grams.) There are no known types of Sept. 5-8 Heritage World & Ancient Coins Auction featuring a didrachm that I am aware of, the ex Part 2 of the Shoshana Collection, Long Beach, CA ception being the subject specimen, Sept. 15 Red Rose Coin Club 54 1h Annual Fall Coin Show, that show a Zeus bust facing left, Farm & Home Center, Lancaster, PA which is cither based on the lighter Thraco-Macedonian weight standard, Oct. 6-7 NUMfSMATA Berlin, Fair Grounds near the Radio or the heavier Allic weight standard. Tower (Funkturm), Half 9 This subject specimen coin is im Oct. 15-18 Gorny & Masch Giessener Munzhandfung GmbH portant in that it shows that it is of a Auctions, Munich design type that perhaps should be based on th e lighter Thraco-Mace Nov. 27-28 Numismatica Genevensis S.A Auction VII, Geneva danian weight standard, but is instead based on the heavier Allic standard. One should al so note that as time pro gressed, from the rei gn of Phi lip II through the reign of Alexander the Great, all of the published didrachm coinage increased in weight due to the FINE GREEK. ROMAN, PERSIAN. shift from the Thraco-Macedonian PARTHIAN & SASSANIAN CO INS weight standard to the heavier Attic Specializing in BIBUCAl COINS & A RTIFACTS weight standard. However. what is clear is that the tetradrachms that show WWW.Z UZIMJU DAEA.COM the left facing bust of Herakles, and See our n ew website w ith expan ded categories WWW.ZUZIMCOINS.COM We b uy a nd build fine collectio ns 8 0)( 101003, 112 10 u 3224 . Anc ie nt Coins Coin Sp ecials at: World Co ins VComs.coml Ship w r eck Coins Contlr:s'.Coins Ancien tlcon niescoins Me dieval Coins Coins f~ roUI:tI Ille World World/conniescoins Odd & Curio u s Mo n e), Oc at sh<>I' in Ri<:hm<>ml, VA Tokens 8SOt Palterwn Ave. Photo G-Price plate NGC & PCGS Dealer connie3 [email protected] coin, no. 3224, pl. CXXI. Submissions 804--651-2536 Myriandrus mint. 7.66 grams. 36 The Celator the tetradrachms that show the left fac dard types were meant for circulation ing bust of Zeus, are based on two dis abroad , particularly in Asia. I also Ncw Titlcs tinct weight standards, and were mint thin k that this series, the "Royalist Numismatic Literature ed anhe same time perhaps at the Pella Series," with the left fac ing bust of mint, or at a separate mint at Pella, or Herakles and the left facing bust of For Sale perhaps a mint such as Aegeae (Aigai). Zeus seen on the obverse, and with the Price, Le Rider, and Waggoner did bee and theta symbols seen on the re Roman Coms & Their Values note that the left facing Zeus and Her verse, was minted during a short time Volume IV, 284-337 akles coinage was linked, but all did frame. There can also be no doubt that $80.00 not state that perhaps these types were this "Royalist Series" promoted the a homogenous issue that was specifi royal house of Macedon, and the dual cally created to remember the passing types also promoted each " King" as of Alexander the Great, and also to well, with the type in the name of AL commemorate a new king, Philip III EXANDER promoting Alexander IV, (Ibid. notes 2, 3, and 4). and the type in the name of PHILIP promoting Philip III. It should be noted that a homoge neous Macedonian issue of short du ration was minted shortly after the death of Philip II , circa 336 Be, and that issue was the "Zeus/Standing Ea gle" series that is comprised mainly of tetradrachms and drachms (sec Photo H). This "Zeus/Standing Eagle" issue could also have been minted in the same 2 context as the "Royalist Series," and was possibly minted shortly before Alex ander adopted his Imperial coinage type with the Herakles bust on the obverse, and the seated Zeus reverse. The artisti c style of the " Royalist Series" is as remarkable as the type itself, and several issues with a left British Commemorative Medals facing bust on the obverse display ex & Their Values tremely high relief, and a slight up $125.00 turned eye of Herakles. The upturned Photo H- Le Rider plate eye was a Hellen istic convention of art coin, no. 2, pl. 49. Aigai that was used to portray a god, and/or mint? 14.45 grams. a deilY. and this convention of art was applied to coinage that depicted Alex Fractional coinage can in most cas ander after his death. (See Price no. es reveal the bigger pictore as to how 213A and Photo D, for the left facing extensive a particular issue was mint bust type with extremely high relief.) ed, and why it was created. The dual It also stands to reason that only an weight standards of this "Royalist Se accomplished celator wou ld have been ries" do show that the Thraco-Mace entrusted with the creation of the dies doni an weight standard types were for this series. meant for circulation at home in Mace don, and the heavier Allie weight stan- Early Each plus %.00 shipping Islamic & Oriental Coins Charles Davis p.o. Box 547 Wenham, Mass'" 01984 www.vcoins.com/najafcoins Tel: (978) 468 2933 Fax: (978) 468 7893 [email protected] www.najafcoins.com htlp:llwww.vcoins.com/ancienticharlc.davis May/June 2012 37 The "Royali st Series" can only fur be revealed that this series was prima perhaps in the same context as the Al ther be studied with the revelation of rily minted with tetradrachms not only exandrine "Zeus/Standing Eagle" type new coinage. A drachm, recently pub based both on the li ghter Thraco series, as both of these series were a tran lished by Harlan J. Berk, has the head Macedonian standard and the heavier sitional coinage that marked a royal of Herakles facing right, wearing a li Attic standard, but also fractional is change of the Macedonian dynasties of on's skin headdress, and the reverse sues being hased primarily on the Philip II and Alexander the Great. shows a nude ri der on horseback riding heavier Attic weight standard. The right, with the name of PH ILI P above fractional iss ues being minted on the About the allthor- Kevin R. Cheek (see Photo 1) . This coin weighs ap heavier Allic standard makes perfect is the owner of Apolonia Ancient Art proximately 4. 18 grams. and is based sense as well, because most of the ac in Denver, Colorado. A long-t ime stu on the heavier Attic weight standard, tive soldiers were in Asia after the dent of ancient Greek coinage, he is as is the subject didrachm specimen. death of Alexander and thi s would help also the author of Into the Antiquities Th is coin type is also very analogous facilitate their rates of pay. Moreover, Trade (XLibris, 2(04). to the subsequent bronze issues that the heavier Alli e weight standard was were produced by Cassander after he simply con tin ued relative to the frac Endnotes took control of Macedonia and elimi tional issues that were produced in the I The exact cause of Alexander's nated Ph ilip III, circa 317 BC. Macedonian mints after the death of death is very uncertain, and the aca As more fractional issues of the Alexander in 323 Be. In addition, this demic theories regarding exactly how "Ro yalist Series" comc to light, it may "Royalist Series" may have been cre he died are numerous and varied. An ated not only with a du drew Mi chael Chugg in The Lost Tom b ality of weight standards, of Alexander the Great, Periplus Pub but also with the inten lications. London, 2004. pp. 1- 31, out tion Ihat perhaps Ihis se li nes the death of Alexander in Baby ries was to be a short lon in a very concise fa shion, and re lived run of coinage, as fers to man y of the ancient historians political challge after the such as Arrian, Diodorus, Curti us, Jus death of Alexander was tin, Lucian, Nepos, an d Plutarch. His always in the wind. suggestion that Alexander died from In any case, what is the deadli est of the four species of clear is that the "Royal ma la ria parasite, Plasmodium falci ist Series" should be parum, is very plausihle. Photo I-Goin published by Harlan J. Berk in Gemini treated as a separate ho 2 See Martin J. Price in his monu Auction IX, Jan. 2012, no. 68. 4.18 grams. mogeneous coin series, mental reference book for the Alex ander type coinage, The Cuinage 111 the Name ofAlexander the Great alld Phil ip Arrhidaeus, British Museum Pub li cations, London, 1991, pp. 72-73. 3 See the brief article "Circulation at Babylon in 323 B.C. ," p. 64, by NumisMall Martin J. Price in Mn emata: Papers in Memory of Nancy M. Waggoner, Quality coins from qUCllity dealers American Numismatic Society, New York,1991. 4 See Le MOllnayage D 'Argent et Looking to access a huge selection of ancient and medieval coins D'Or de Philippe /J, Frappe En Mace duille De 359 A 294 by Georges Le from high-quality stores? Rider, E. Bourgey, Paris, 1977, pp. 396-399. ~ See Martin J. Price in The Cuin Welcome to NumisMali, the new online coin mali! age 111 the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus, p. 111. NumisMall has coins for every collector. Visit our new internet coin mall containing a huge selection of ancient and medieval coins offered ONLY by professional ancient coin dealers! ,..... Send us your Our knowledgeable and professional dealers guarantee the • news and authenticity and quality of their coins. views The Celator www.NumisMall.com P.O. Box 10607 Lancaster, PA 17605-0607 Email: Admin@numismall. com Kerr)'@Celator,com 38 The Gelator The New York International Numismatic Convention Announces Auction Schedule MILWAUKEE, WI-The New York Foley said of the NYINC Professional beyond that until the early hours of the International Numismatic Convention Preview, "English is definitely a minor morning in private hotel rooms. If you (NYI NC), with a 118-boolh bourse re ity language at our registration area as haven' t been to the NY1NC, you are stricted to dealers featuring only worl d attendees gather for the Professional really missing an experience that you'll and ancient numismatic material and Preview. We typically have roughly 200 never f orget.~ related antiquities in their offerings, has reg istrants for the preview, with more Public hours will be from 10AM-7PM announced the auction schedule for its coming from outside the United Slates Friday and Saturday, January 11 and 4 1"' Annual edition, to be held once than residents of our own country. 12. and 10AM-3PM Sunday, January again at the Waldorl""Asloria Hotel. When people travel from hall way 13. Registration is $10 for a pass valid Kevin Foley, long time Bourse Chair around the world and pay $100 to get all three days. man of the iconic event in world and in a few hours before the general pub Special discounted room rates are ancient numismatics, said ot-the NY lic, they are especially serious in their available for NYIN C attendees by call INC auctions, "Our event will have eight motivation. Ou r booth holders know ing the Waldorf=Astoria, located at 301 full days of auction offerings, featuring th is and always hold back special items Pa rk Ave nue, between 49 '~ and 50' ~ nine d ifferent auction . firms. The to unveil fo r-the first time at the NY Streets, at (2 12) 355-3000 and men breadth and scope of the NY INC auc INC. When th e opening bell rings, I pull tioning rate code "NYZ". Rooms are tions quite literally make New York City back the velvet cord, hope I won't trip, available for $290 or $320, depending the center of the numismatic universe and just get out of the way as fast as I on the accommodations selected. Suite over the dates of our event. Collectors can manage. The rush is on and won't rales are available on request. and dealers come from all over the be over until 3PM on Sunday. It is just Complete schedule details about 'world to attend the NYINC, especially nol possible to exaggerate Ihe intensi the 41"' Annual New York International to participate in our unrivaled diversity ty of the commercial activity that takes Numismatic Convention, including con of auction sessions." place at the NYINC. There is no aim tact information for the NYINC official Auction lot viewing wi ll get under less wandering about the aisles. Peo auction fi rms, can be accessed at way on Saturday, Jan uary 5. Heritage ple are con stantly engaged in business www. nyinc.info. Dealers interested in Auctions, of Dall as Texas, will hold from the opening of the bourse each being added to the waiting list for future multiple sessions on Sunday and Mon morning until the close and often even CO llthlllcd 011 page 56 day. January 6 and 7. Lancaster, Penn sylvania's Classical Numismatic Group will hold four sessions, two each on the morning and afternoon of Tuesday and INTERNATIONAL Wednesday, January 8 and 9. They'll be fo llowed by the los Angeles, Cali COIN FAIR fornia firm of Freeman and Sear. Their single session will take place on the even ing of Tuesday, January 8. A tri ~~~~~~~~~;~~U~® partite consortium consisting of lon don's Baldwin's, New York City Russian together with the 81: FAIR specialist Dmitry Markov and Washing ,,"0 ..,~ ton , D.C.'s M&M Numismatics, will hold sessions on the evenings of Wednes day and Thursday, January 9 and 10. OGC;-\~ Kolbe & Fanning Booksellers will hold a numismatic literature auction on the ~ ancient and afternoon of Salurday, January 12. The modem coins, medals, literature sale will be bracketed by two banknotes and bond certificates ny sessions cataloged and con ducted by the New York City and Irvine, Califor Fair Grounds Berlin nia-based firm of Stack's-Bowers-Pon near the Radio Tovver (FunkturF"n) terio on Friday and Saturday evenings, January 11 and 12. The NYINC auc Hall 9 4 . 8 0 0 m :ool, abou t 7 00 1:ables and nume .... o u s b ooth s , lion offerings will conclude on Sunday, 2 00 nurnlsrna1:lc d e a l e r s f r o 01 a l l over t h e \Norid January 13 with sessions by the Chi Saturday: 9:30 am - 5:00 pm cago firm Gemini Numismatic Auctions. Sunday: 9:30 am - 3:00 pm The NYINC bourse area will be Admission: Sat.B.OOo€ - Sun . 3.00o€ open from 2PM-7PM on Thursday, Jan uary 10 for the Professional Preview. Oraan.ser: Manzen Mod •• During these hours, dealers and col Re'ehanbaehstr. 17. D-BlMe8 Mun.cblllermany. lectors will have advance access to the Tel. +U IDJ811 - 28 83 811. Fex +411 (DJ88 - 280 110 80 bourse floor for a $1 00 registration fee. Web: www.Dum.smata.de May/June 2012 39 Central States Convention LETTERS Announces New Format COlltinued from page 4 MILWAUKEE, WI- The Central States provide additional commercial transac Further Links Between Coins Numismatic Society will be adopting a new tion opportunities for all our attendees of Croton & Pythagoras schedule format, effective with its 74 t11 An and will make for enhanced business niversary Convention, scheduled for April opportunities for all. Everyone who So glad to see the article on 24-27, 2013 at the Schaumburg Renais comes to our event will be a winner with Pythagoras in The Gelator (UPythagoras sance Hotel and Convention Center, lo the enhanced bourse schedule format. H and the Incuse Coins of Magna Grae cated al 1551 North Thoreau Drive, in the James S. Moores, newly elected cia: by John Francisco, April 2012. pp. northwest suburban Chicago community Pre sident of the Society, said of the ex 22-39). Every schoolchild knows of the just ten miles from O'Hare Airport. panded convention schedule, "Our en Pythagorean Theorem, but as Mr. Fran According to Kevin Foley, General tire Board is excited about the new for cisco points out, th at had been known Chairman for the evenl, the new format mat for our anniversary convention. Our long before , going back to the will provide both additional hours for attendees-dealers, collectors, booth Babylonians. Pinning all your hopes on dealer-te-dealer business, as well as holders and non-booth holders-make a one single coin is a risky strategy, espe substantially expanded public hours. substantial commitment of ti me and cially since hot metal can stretch and dis The new schedule, which will no longer money to attend our event. Our en tort in many dirnensions when struck with include a Professional Numismatists hanced format will enable them to uti· a mighty blow. Guild Day, will open from 9AM· 12noon lize these resources more effectively But there is other evidence on such on Wednesday, April 24, with a closed with additional access hours, as well as coins of Croton that link them to move in available lor all booth holders having the opportunity to do business Pythagoras. For example, why would al the 270+ booth event. An Early Bird with all of our dealers during the entire Pythagoras pick the tripod of Delphi to period will follow from 12noon-6PM, with open period of the event. This is a win represent his esoteric school? The the bourse area open to dealers without win for all our attendees. ~ riddle to be solved here (and booths as well as collectors, for a $75 Jerry Lebo, long time CSNS Secre Pythagoreans loved riddles) is that reg istration fee. Regular public hours will ta ry, will continue as Bou rse Chairman. Apollo, who is represented by the tri be Thursday, 10AM-7PM, Friday, 10AM- Lebo said, "Our expanded and improved pod, is th e god of rational music, who 6PM and Saturday, 10AM-5PM . bourse schedule addresses a full range holds a lyre with seven strings. These Foley said of the new format, uOur 01 the concerns many of our booth hold represent the seven notes of the oc new schedule will see significantly ex ers and public attendees have expressed tave, as well as the seven Wanderers panded hours for all of our booth hold in the past. Our Board has addressed in the sky, a correspondence that gave ers to have access to their collector cus these concerns in a direct and responsive rise to Ihe Pythagorean Harmony of the tomers, giving them more than a full manner. We'll be sending bourse applica Spheres, a notion that would survive additional hall day to do business. In tions out in late May and look forward to for thousands of years. addition, there will also be substantially the more inclusive schedule format we'll One of the Pythagorean akousmala, more hours for strictly dealer to dealer be foll owing to provide a more productive or zen-like riddles, asks: UWhat is the business, with a lull day on Wednesday and profitable bourse experience for all of Oracle at De lphi? ~Th e answer is: "The with all our dealers able to open their our participants, including giving expand Tetraktys that gives the Harmony of th e booths and do business with each oth ed acquisition opportunities and time for Si rens." Here we witness the eq uation er, in contrast to our traditional past our collector attendees." between Apollo/DelphifTripod and th e schedule, where only members of the Dealers interested in bourse space Pythagorean Tetraktys that encodes Professional Numismatists Guild could at the April 24-27, 2013 74'" Anniversa the most important harmonic intervals: operate their booths on Wednesday. The ry Convention should contact Lebo at Ihe Octave (1 :2), the Fifth (2:3), and expanded bourse on Wednesday, with jclebo@i rontier.com, or via phone at the Fourth (3:4). 270+ booths open and operating, will (574) 753-2489. The cycling of the interval of the Fifth through the Octave not only laid the foundation of Weste rn music theory, generating all twelve half notes of our octave, it also ordered the seven Tim WHkes days 01 the Week that ascend from the Specialist in Medi:cval and Islamic Coins Moon by the interval of the Fifth, to the orgiastic weekend, after which like Sisyphus we start once again to roll that boulder up the hill , up the ladder of the planets. George Beke Latura Connecticut POBox 150 Battle continued 011 page 56.. c-mail: [email protected] East Sussex www.wilkcscoins.com TN330FA Reach a torgeted audience_ www.vcoins.com /ancientltimwilkcs UK Prof essional Directory ads get resulls! 40 The Gelator Cuneiform Cones in Ancient Mesopotamia A Sumerian cuneiform clay cone of Gudea of Lagash that reads in part: "Gudea built and restored the Eninnu Temple, for the god Cuneiform cones are also called Ningirsu his lord. • Photo courtesy of the Archaeological Center, "dedication or foundation nails" be Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel. cause of the practice of embedding them into the foundation or walls of types are well published and have buildings. particularly temples, in or mosaic patterns on walls and pil lars little to add to science if they come der to show that the structure was the within buildings, as well as to add from old collections. property of the deity 10 which i1 was strength to the structure. Curiously Collectors should be aware, how enough, they only appear rarely on being dedicated. [ t is thought that the ever, that some unprovenanced exam practice developed from the custom of the market today. This is perhaps ples exist on the market and may be because when they were easity ob pounding a peg into the wall of a build of questionable legality and should be tained, collectors wanted the in ing 10 indicate ownership in carly avo ided. Anyone wishing to purchase Mesopotamia. These large clay nails scribed version and there was little one would be well advised to obtain were often inscribed with cuneiform demand for the uninscribed ones. legal advice before hand. legends bearing the name of the ruler Thus, when older collections are dis Additionally, uninscribed cones who bu ilt the temple and the deity to persed, they normally only contain painted in different colors were used which it was dedicated. the inscribed examples. by Sumerians to create decorative A typical nail of Ki ng Gudea of Lagash for the war god Ningirsu records the dedication of a temple by Gudea of Lagash Osio-Larsa period, ca. 2144-2124 BC) for Ningirsu, "Mighty warrior of Enlil." Gudea, the ruler of Lagash attests that he "Has brought forth perfection The Temple Ninnu, for Anzud, his white eagle. He did build this place, he did restore.'· Gudea made these nails in large num bers, and they appear on the antiqui ties market with some frequency, as many were found in the late 19'h and mid 20'h centuries. Several U.S. auc tions between 1950 and 1970 includ ed quantities of these cones, and they frequently come on the market when collections formed at that time are dis persed. The landmark Rendell's "an cient writing catalog" of 1979 had three of them for sale. These cones often shed light on Our new 96-page catalog, Our 96-page catalog, Onl: Thousand early Mesopotamian history. For ex Art of thl: Ancient World, vol. XXII Years ofAncient Greek Vases ample, a foundation deposit of King illustrating 207 objects in full color. illustrating 195 vases in full color. Entemena, including a clay nail in ex cellent condition. relates a peace trea ty, and is dedicated to the god Bad ~ royal-athena galleries Tibira. It is one orthe oldest diplomat J~rom~ M. Eiunbug, Ph.D., Diruror, ANA Lif~ M~mba 277 ic documents known. 153l:.'ast 57th Street, New York, NY 10022 Since these objects were pro 212-355-2034 Ft.x: 212-688-0412 [email protected] duced in sizable quantities, all bear Visit our website featuring over 1200 alltiquities: www.royalatbena.com ing the same inscription. common MaylJune201241 Gold Hoard Pinpoints Persian Destruction of Jerusalem Here is a question to ponder: If you Figure 1- The Givati parking lot gold hoard in situ at discovery. Photo were offered a "hoard" of 264 Byzan courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA). tine gold coins, and each and every coin in the hoard was struck from the SAME dies- a die set that had never before The only other treasure of gold "The coins of our hoard , however, are been seen- what would you say? coins found from the same period in not on ly of the same series, but they It 's my guess that most experienced Jerusalem includes only five coins arc also of the same apparently unpub dealers and collectors would, first of all, <.:o mparcd to the 264 fou nd in the park lished variant. The obverse inscription ask where the group came from, The ing lot. The image of Caesar Herac reads dNAERACLI-4S. PP AVG- with next thought 10 come to mind would be lius, who ruled the Eastern Roman an 'A' instead of the common 'h' and the suggestion that all of the coins were Empire from 610 to 64 L is stamped a small dot after the'S ' of Heraclius." forgeries, meant to dupe someone. on the coins of this hoard. The last letter 'C' of the obverse Truth is, however, often stranger When these coins were discovered, legend is inclined and followed by a than fiction. Just such a hoard of coins they received quite a lot of publicity small dot to its right. A short curved was excavated in December 2008 at in the various media. But the story stroke of dots is visible on the upper the Givali parking lot in Jerusalem, behind the story, which is quite re !eft side of the emperor's crown. The just outside of the Old City'S Dung markable, appears in an article in a reverse inscription on all the coins Gate, and on the northwestern side of memori al vol ume to Cecil e Morrisson, ends with the !inal officinal letter 'Il,' the City of Davi d excavations. Gabri published last year by the Association hi therto unknown in th is series, and a ella Bijovsky of the Israel Antiquity des Amis du Centre d' Historie et Civ il tiny star is attached to the exergue in Authority published the coin s in an isation de By zance in Paris. scription: CONOB*. So far no traces article, "A Single Die Solidi Hoard of The Gi vati hoard is a remarkable of this variant have been found in any Heraclius from Jerusalem." She is an discovery and consists of 264 gold of the major numismatic collections of expert on Byzantine coins. At the time solidi with the portrait of Heraclius Byzantine coins. No reference to this of excavation. there was no pottery (610-641 AD). None of the coins are type is found in Grierson's study ... " found near the coins. so it is assumed clipped. carry graffiti, or have any oth A complete study concludes that they were in a cloth sack and con cr significant signs of use. At fi rst the coins were produced by the same cealed in a building niche. When the look. the coins aU appear to be from pair of dies, and a metal content anal building coUapsed, the coins were bur the early series struck from 610-613 ysis was done on 4 1 of the coins at the ied among the ruins. AD. However, as the authors explain, Weitzmann institute in israel, and de termined that the composition was quite uniform. This suggests that they ffiH. D. RAUCH GmbH Vienna "were produced from the same portion of gold. Both observations lead to the RAUCH Numismatist and Auctioneer since 1969 conclusion th at the minting process of For Ancient, World Coins & Historical Medals these coins was a single event. To the best of our knowledge, this phenome lb lh Next Auction 90: June 4 -6 non has no parallel in hoards discov Bid live from your location hy computer! Primed ered in the southern Levant." catalogue al.m availuhle. According to the fabri c, styl e, and mintmark, these coins were issued by the imperial mint at Constantinople. "On the other hand, the obverse in Please contact us: 01 143153333 12 scripti on of O Uf solidi sh owing the E-mail: [email protected] name AERACLIVS seems to be a mis Visit our shop: www.hdrauch.com spelling based on Latin phonetics. is Write to: A- I 01 0 Wien, Graben 15 (Europe) th is an indication about the origin of the die engraver? Still, it seems very 42 The Gelator improbable that a state official in Con stantinople would write incorrectly the BECOME A MEMBER OF THE name of the emperor on a gold coin," Bijovsky writes. Thus , these coins are THE SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY more likely a 'provincial' issue. Even though all of these coins ap The Swiss Numismatic Society was founded in 1879; since 1891 it has pear to be uncirculated, there is a vari published ils annual journal, the Revue Suisse de Numismatique (RSN)/ ance of the standard weight (4 .55 Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau (SN R) , and since 1949 its quar grams for the Byzantine solidus dur terly, the Schweizer Miinzbliitter (SM). ing this period) from as light as 3.97 The Society promotes all branches of numismatic science, not only those grams to 4.69 grams. "It is doubtful that the official mint of Constantino concerned specifically with Switzerland: articles on classical, medieval, and ple could have tolerated the striking modern coins, medals and paper money all appear in the Society'S journals, of imperial solidi without control of and are written in either English, French, German or Italian. an accurate weight standard. The possi Membership is open to anyone interested in num ismatics, whether they are bility that such a process took place in a collectors, dealers, or scholars: the Society sponsors lectures and meetings more distant locat ion in a provincial where its members and friends can discuss their interests in a fruitful and mint seems more likely," according to a collegial way-including a yearly Numismatische Tage Schweiz, with lec preliminary report on the find by Bijo tures, visits, and a festive dinner. vsky and the excavation's two principle For more information, please refer to our website www.numisuisse.ch. archaeologists, Doron Ben-Ami and which will be expanded in the very near future. Yana Tchekhanovels, published last year in the Israel Exploration Journa/. Becoming a member is easy, just contact us- we will help you to join our And they conclude that "The attri num ismatic community and further your numismatic knowledge and enjoy bution of thi s coin type to a mint in ment. Jerusalem would explain the complete Membership costs CHF 130 a year for overseas members (120 for Europe homogeneity of the hoard .... During this ·and 110 for Switzerland), but only CHF 70 a year for those· under 30 ·(60 time, and especially after the capture of for Europe and 50 for Switzerland). Antioch by the Persians in 61 1 and until Please contact us at [email protected], or write our Secretary, Mr. 613 , the presence of a Byzantine mili Pierre-A. Zanchi, Chemin Cure 6 B, CH-IO08 Prilly, Switzerland, or send tary garrison or headquarters in Jerusa him a fax at +41217286561, or an email to [email protected]. lem would explain the opening ofa tem porary mint in orde r to pay the troops and stress Byzantine sovereignty over the city. Given the fact that all Syrian CULTURAL CHANGE cities surrendered to the Persians be tween 610 and 613 , Jerusalem remains Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Coins ot the the only major Byzantine stronghold in the region, which could have been re Hoi!:! Land sponsible for the issue of such a special DAVID HEN DIN solidus. Th is could have been emergen cy coinage- an extraordinary limited issue, struck under very spec ial circum stances in a temporary mint." Archaeological remains associated with the Persian conquest are quite sparse in Jerusalem. The archaeologists believe that the Givati hoard is correctly identified as an 'emergency' hoard that was "concealed during times of imminent danger, siege, or war. These hoards usual ly reflect the coinage in current circula tion at the time of their deposition." This hoard is all the more remark able because it "proves the need for an emergency coinage, a new series of Her aclian solidi which has been exception -+ Full color throughout, 128 pages, sturdy soft-cover binding. ally struck in Jerusalem under hasty -+Signed, numbered edition (of 250 copies) ava ilable on first- conditions .... the combination of both numismatic features and historical cir come, first-served basis. $40.00 plus shipping. cumstances provides solid evidence for -+Order from the American Numismatic Society the existence of a temporary mint in http://numismatics.org/Store/CulturaIChange or Jerusalem that functioned during the first years of the reign of Heracl ius." orders @numismatics.org -+1 00% of proceeds to the American Numismatic Society continued 011 page 46. . May/June 2012 43 BC and earlier. The coins are clas 2. RR C 56 (anonymous , specifi sified via Crawford's RRC number cally smaller denominations) or in g system, wi th descriptions and RRC 43, or RRC 97, or RRC 98, or multiple images for each type to dis RRC 99 or RRC 100 (Luceria I Ca play and highlight the differences. nusium). For RRC 4 1, only the high er denominations (as, semis, triens) http;//stevebrinkman.ancients . info/ are needed; anonymous/index .h tml 3. The coins should be in abou l VF or better (prow details have to While on the subject of col labo be visible). ration, we have two requests for as Andrew can be reached at sistance. [email protected] The first is from Moneta-L mem mation or to submit photos. Internet ber Lars Ramskold. For many years. he has been building a database of ThaI is about all for thi s month. Collaboration(s) the coinage of the mint of Rome We urge all of our readers to gel out under Constantine, especially the there and share what they know and Before the Internet was the Inter issues of RIC VlJ 143-224. This in to help build something new wi th net that we know today, it was de cludes the ROMAE AETERNAE, collaboration. signed with two goals in mind: to be SAECVLI FELICITAS . and PAX able to survive a nuclear attack. and PERPETVA varieties. a long with Foley Cont. from pg. 34 to facilitate collaboration between many varieties of VOTA and the in universities and research centers. creasingly popular LRB "camp gates." Lyn F. Kn ight will serve as the of Fortunately for us, the su rvi vability What Lars needs for the database ficial auction house of the National of the Internet was never put to a arc reasonably good photos of the Co in and Currency Convention , hold real test. However, the collaboration obverse and reverse of any coin from ing a three-session sale to include aspect with the ahility to aid com RIC VII Rome 143-224. The condi United States and World paper mon munications and data exchange ex tion of the coin is not important, as ey. The company website is ceeded beyond the dreams of the in long as the dies used are identifi www.lynknight.com. venters. The original six universities able. Every coin counts and any coin Bourse applications for the No soon grew to twenty and then hun can be the key coin in a chain of die vember event are available from dreds. And once the Internet was links. Bourse Chairman Kevin Foley via e· opened up \0 everyone, the exchange if anyone is interested in assist mail at [email protected]. Foley of data quickly grew to a flood . ing in this project or if you want said of the appointment of his daugh In our own little realm of ancient more information, Lars can be ter, "Patricia literally grew up a round coins, we have book authors, collec reached at [email protected]. num ismatic conventions and their ar tors, and dealers actively collaborat Our second request comes from rangements. It wouldn't be a signifi ing, and a variety of projects from Andrew McCabe in his area of spe cant exaggeration to say that show new editioos of RIC and RPC, to cialty, the Roman Republic. Andrew management is part of her DNA . I'm web sites and email lists. is looking for data (specifically particularly glad to have her join me One good example of Internet weights) and images of bronze coins in th is important capacity.H collaboration that has come 10 our in the following groups: Convention attendees should con attention recentl y is the "Anony • RRC 4 1 and RRC 56 (anony tact the Crowne Plaza at (877) 337- mous Roman Republican Denarii" mous) 5793 and ask for the $115 "National web site, which is published by • RRC 43, 97, 98, 99 an d 100 Coin and Currency Convention" rate. Steve Brinkman in collaboration (Luceria / Canusium) Booth holde rs staying three or more with Pierluigi Debernardi. The web He is looking for: nights al the Crowne Plaza under the site is an examination of the Roma I. Photos not already on the In event's room block will receive a $100 head anonymous types dating 150 ternet: rebate from the event sponsor. Additional in formation about the Pro fessional Currency Oealers Association and the National Coin and Currency Convention is available on the organi zation's website, www.pcdaonline.com. Learn All About Collecting Ancient Coins Say that you www.ancientcoirunarket.com read it in New Articles Monthly The Celator 44 The Gelator The terrain was friendly enough for r must look like someone making snow the first couple hundred feet, but then as angels. Od.d, that a thought like that I got closer to the cliff dwellings the would come at such a moment of obvi angle of approach increased dramatically ous peril. I 'could see the Alpheus be~ and the going got tough. I should have low, rushing madly along and strewn just tumed aroun d and went back down with huge boulders. There was no soft to the river, but I was young and impul landing to be had here. The final drop sive (as opposcd to old and obstinate) from the edge of the cl iff to the water and decided that if mountain goats could was at least 100 feet and almost certain do it, so could L ly fatal. Lying there spread-eagled on my All went well for another hundred back, I could see the river below and feet or so and then I ran into a major could see the rapidly approaching ledge. obstacle. It was impossible to go verti Despite my desperate efforts to stop the OneTinyTwlg cal because of a sheer wall of stone. It ominous slide toward oblivion, nothing was, however, possible to go horizon One of the nice things about being a secmed to help. regular columnist is that one can take lib tally across the mountainside, though the Then, out of nowhere, my arm caught erties thaI the writers of feature articles footing was getting treacherous. Then on a tiny twig growing out of thc rock. came a point of crisis. There was a sec don't enjoy. The true story I am about to Like a life preserver being th rown from relate has nothing to do with coins tion of steep terrain hetween me and the a passing baal, that single volunteer though it may have some elements of in dwel li ngs and it was covered with loose saved me from a disastrous fate . It was terest to students of antiquity. shale. I should have turned around right not more that a half inch in diameter During my military career, I had the then, but I was so close I could taste suc with just a handful of small leaves and cess. So, fo olish ly. I started across the had no visible means of support. To gexxi fortune to be assigned to a U.S. Air Force unit in Athens, Greece. [ won ', be shale. Each step was an adventure as the me, it was a mighly oak. I stopped. The labor you with all the details of that as shale wanted to migrate downhill at the pounding of my heart was deafening. signment, but I will admit that it had some slightest touch. I got about halfway across Very gingerly, 1 rolled back onto my distinct benefits. One of those was the this shale patch, picking my way careful stomach and inched across the shale ly, when it became obvious that I could opportunity to travel around Greece, hed to solid ground. which my family and I did with genuine not go funher. Unfortunatel y, it was not From that day on, the importance of clear how 1 was going to go back! fervor. We owned a Vo lkswagen camper small details and singular efforts has I had been lying on my stomach and bus at thai time, and went out camping never been lost on me. Neither has the almost every weekend to some exotic site inching across the shale when I elected realization that life is tenuous. We need to abandon the quest. Hoping to go back of antiquity. It was a family affair and one to seize the day and make the most of the same way I came, the disturbed shale of those rare instances in life where an every opportunity. We also need to ded activity appealed to everyone involved. was even more treacherous in that di icate ourselves fully to matters of prin On one weekend in 1974, we decid rection than it was when I first crossed ciple and be true to our beliefs even it. Before long, it began to give way and ed to make a trip to a spot in the when il seems like the whole world is Peloponnesos called Karitaina. It was that sickening feeling of having lost against us. It's easy to lose that focus in one's anchor set i·n. At firs t, it was just a near Megalopoli s and was not known the rush of daily life, but if we do, the in antiquity for anything special. The loose rock or two sliding out from un footing that we depend on is no longer reason for our excursion was that thc der my feel. Before 10fJg, my whole body the re and our slide toward the Alpheus river Alpheus (which does have some was moving down h il l. All thi s time, I may not have a happy ending. was still carrying my fishing pole and prominence in ant iq uity) flows through It feels very much like our hobby is associated gear. As the rate of slide in that place, and it has a healthy native sliding down a sl ippery slope right now, creased, I rolled over on my back, tossed trout population. A co-worker married and we need to think very seriously my fishing gear in the direction I hoped to a Greek national leaked that secret to about what that means to us personally to reach, and dug in my heels and fin me and I couldn't resist the allure. On and collectively. Hopefully, there will be gers in a futile attempt to slow down the the next open weekend, off we went on a tw ig to grasp before calamity strikes, a fami ly camping trip to Karitaina. slide. I can still remember thinking that and we will all survive to tell the story. With rod in hand, I started working my way upstream, stopping at each in viting spot to w'et a line. I wasn' t hav Ancient 1\T .. _ ing particularly good luck with that, but I noticed that at one spot above the roar Research ing and rocky river there were some ancient buildings built into the side of a very high c liff. They seemed unap "advancing private proachable from above ... but perhaps from the riverside? My curiosity, and the lack of hungry trout, were too much. I decided to try climbing up to these cliff dwellings, convinced in my mind that • Independent Reseal they were the habitat of medieval or o Focus Group W"J'kj ancient monks who spent their days transcribing archaic manuscripts. May/June 2012 45 Hendin Cont. from pg. 43 The 264 coins were found in "the westernmost of three adjacent rooms of what appears to be the southernmost area of a large administrative building. This building continues to the north, beyond the li mits of the excavation area," the authors reporl. "It seems that [the coins ) were wrapped in cloth and originally stored on a shelf affixed 10 the northern wall of the room. Three depressions on one of the stones located immediately above the find-spot of the hoard sug gest the original location of the shelf .... When the room was destroyed along with the entire building, the shelf with the coins collapsed ....This hoard is a unique find in this context, and it provides an absolute date to the de struction of the building," they write. It seems as if every time a shovel, Figure 2-The hoard after cleaning at the laboratories of the Israel Antiquities spade, or a backhoe scratches the Authority Photo by Clara Amit of the IAA. Jerusalem soil in a new location, more history is revealed, The finds in the Palestine in 614 CE, one of the dra was a violent event which caused great Givati parking lot "have shed new light matic events that mark the 'beginning destruction in the city and cost the upon Jerusalem at the close of the Byz of the end' of the Byzantine domina lives of many residents. However. this antine period. The Persian conquest of tion in Palestine in the earl y seventh conquest and the following 14 years century seems to be well of Sassanid rule in Palestine were too reflected in the archaeo ShOft to leave any significant remains." logical record at this Summing up. the archaeologists be side ." lieve that the large Byzantine build Until now, the most ing found in the Givati parking lot was significant evidence deliberately destroyed during the Per generally accepted as sian invasion of Jerusalem and, unlike being from the Persian the city's other damaged but surviv devastation of the city in ing buildings, including churches, was 614 A D are seven mass never rebuilt or repaired. burials discovered around Jerusalem. His Copyright © 20 12 toric sources. however, by David Hendin Figure 3-0ne of the Heraclius gold solidi from the Gi suggest that "the Persian vati parking lot. Photo by Clara Amit of the IAA. conquest of Jerusalem ON TH~ WA Y HO~~ ~ RO ~ TH~ COMPUL!!IVf COLLfCTOR!! ,ORUM IN LAS V ~ GAS, ~~NT O N ~~RKnL TAK~ S A lITTl~ GA ~BL~ •.. WHODO YOU TH'~K BUILT ...A~D D:ACTLY WHAT CAfSAR'S PALACf? PROO{ DO YOU HAV~ THAT TH ~ ROMA~ S ~vm ACTUALLY vlslno TH~ MOJAV~ D~S~RT'i' p-.N.;.:n 46 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Antiquities & Coins) (Antiquities & Coins) ( Antiquities & Coins) HD ENTERPRISES F~AGl"\lnTS Of 11"\1:: 'fJ'J{'lJ JI'J{C J'E'J{T >- Antiquities MUSEUM·QUALITY ANCIENT ART >- Indian Artifacts & Pottery TJ?..'E9..5'll'1\.'E5 ~ Pre-Columbian Artifacts Specializing in Greek, Roman, ~ Am;ient Coins ... and more! Egyptian and Etruscan >- Buy-Scll- Trade- Consign Antiquities r:Jl Altn: Hank Johnson P.O. Box 22082CL, Denver, CO 80222 P.O. Box 376 The Time Ph: 303-695-1301 Medfield, MA 02052-0376 Online Catalog: www, hQe-in~ .c Qm Machine Co. 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NC 18269 ANTIQUARIUS (704 ) 991-1707 [email protected] Robert Loosley Professional dealer since 1969-cx Seaby and Antiquities a www.a n liquities.co.nz [email protected] ~ CoinArt.net Ancient Coim & Artifacts Bibl ical Antiquities ONI Numi~matic Gifts Denver, CO 80206 Ancient Art 303-32/-7351 gallery 305-785·53/5 ' . [email protected] PO Box 3356 Iowa City. IA 52244 Phone: (319) 621.4327 TolI.Free: 888·853·7866 MaylJune2012 47 Professional Directory ( Books & Coins ) ( Coins ) (~ ____~C~oi~ns~ ____) KOLBE & FANNING Brian Kritt RVbHIK NUMISMATIC BOOKSEllERS N UM I SMATICS Dealer in Ancient & Medieval Coins Specializing in Ancienl YOUR SOURCE FOR ANCIENT GREEK & ROMAN RARE AND OUT OF PRINT WORKS Greek, Roman & Jlu/uic Coins BYZANTINE ON ANCIENT NUMISMATICS EARLY RUSSIAN MEPIEVAL BALKAN 1',0 ,11.695;, S.nJOK. CA 9SI~0-69S~. USA AVAILABLE FOR SALE AT .·mail: rudnlk@ rudnik.rom WWW.NUMISLlT.COM wv.w.rudnik.rom OR IN OUR REGULARLY SCHEDULED AUCTIONS P.O. 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TC, Cary; NC 27512-5665 Zach Beasley - [email protected] r::.~ Tel: 919-363-5544 ' Fax: 919-36J.0555 Sales: www,numisml lLcomlbeu tcoins Resea rch: www.OO3Stcoins.com ~ E-mail: info®steinbergs.oom ,em MaylJune2012 49 Professional Directory Coins ( Coins ) ( Coins ) PRICE LIST OF ANCIENT COINS Jonathan K. Kern Co. We offer frequent Anciem H(1rg(1in Price Lists Bachelor of Arts, Numismatics which con/air! a nice SeleClion of the following: Ancient, Medieval, Early Ancient Greek Coins (,il\'er & bronze) American Numismatics Greek Imperial Coins Roman Egyptian Coin s ® Judaean & Biblical Coins ' Coins of the Roman Procurators · - .. Coins of the Twel.-c Caesars Roman Republic Coins' Roman Imperial Coins By,.,ntine Imperial Co in ~ ' Early coin~ of England, Scotland, & Ireland ' Anglo·Gallic Write for your free copy of our la/est Bargain Price List ofAncienl Coill s Dealers in Ancienl coins since 1965 441 S. Ashland Lexington, KY 40502 M & R COINS (859) 269·1614 P.O. 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Box 65908 Washington, D.C. 20035 ,IIOOLLM."n.Ro>d www.colncases.com W""" ,n " .. "A'" '' Tel. 202-833-3770 ' Fax 202-429-5275 on,.. SA .. 50 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Coins ) ( Coins ) ( Coins ) Visiting: San Francisco? The Silicon Valley? Pegasi Stanford University? NUMISMATICS TREASURE Ann Arbor, MI Holicong, PA Visit ... ISLAND Classicalnumismarists serving heginners 111m advann:d collectors We carry a large inventory of Ancients as well as the largest Free Illustrated Catalogs Philatelic stock in the Bay Area. Siamak Ahghari Classical Greek. Roman, Numismatisl TREASURE ISLAND Byzantine, and Medieval Coins vI Greek, /foman, 3703 EI Camino Real Coins, Books & Antiquities Seieurir/. Byumlillf. elc. Palo Alto, CA 94306 P.O. Box 131040 Specializiug i'l EaIlenl Coinag" (650) 855-9905 Ann Arbor, MI48113 P.O. Box 9667, S,m Jose. 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Box 10607 B randon, U.K. IP26 4HX Tel/Fax: + 44 (0) 1842 828292 Lancaster, PA 17605 POST OFFICE BO X 400476 email: [email protected] TellFax: (717) 656·8557 LAS VEGAS. NY 89140 website: hUp:flwww.vosper4coins.oo.uk Email: [email protected] (702) 202-4300 KIRK DAVIS ( Antiquities & Coins) IrishCoins.com Now Live Featuring: Ancien! Greek & Roman Coins. Classical Numismatics Colin Pitchfork Campanian Collections of Greek ' Roman ' Celtic FINE ANCIENT & TRIBAL ART Nola, Cumae & Hyria, Iris h Medieval Silver Coins, Irish Siege Money & Gun Money, Irish Numismatic Literature PURCHASES APPRAISALS SALES & World Art Medals, Irish Milled Coins 1600- Illustrated Catalogues iss ued regularly 1823, Modern Irish Coins and Proofs, and Top dollar pai d for single coins Irish Paper Money. or entire collections Post Office Box 324 Del Parker Claremont, CA 91711 USA (909) 625-5426 1-206-232-2560 www.vcoins.comlkirkdavis P.O. Box 7568, Dallas, TX 75209 sRhinx . NumisMall ART FOR ETERNITY GALLERY Numismatics Looking to access a huge selection oriental Greek • Islamic • Parth ian HOWARD M. NOWES, DIRECTOR 303 EAST 81 STREET, N.Y. NY 10028 USA of ancient and medieval coins www.vcoins.comlsphinx VISIT US AT WWW.HOWARDNOWES.COM from high-quality stores? www.numismall.comlsphinx 917.733.4165 [email protected] T EL. 905-947-0954 Welcome to NumisMall, [email protected] the new online coin mall! CA NADA (__ ~C~o~iu~C=ab~i~n~e~~~) Our many professional dealers guarantee a wide selection of (In the United States since 1980) LONDON COIN Mahogany Coin Cabinets quality authentic ancient coins! GALLERIES www.NumisMall.com Email: Ad min@numi5 mall.com of Mission Viejo Handcrafted from loUd Specializing in ancient mahogany hoards and large collections The Shops at Mission Viejo SuppoPt youP Celatop Suite 27, Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Ph. (949) 364-0990 ' Fax (949) 364-5290 www_CabinetsByCraig.net Adveptiseps! POBc,lZll,FriIro, TX 7.'ID1 wwwlCGMY.com • londoocoin@oox:.net 52 The Gelator Celator Classifieds On The Road - Rates: $5.00 for the first 20 words, 20¢ each additional word. . , . Ue Celator's ArtisOpusGallery.colll. Ancient Coins FOR SALE: 1,000+ Ancient, Medieval ? S.DW & Club and Antiquities. Antiquarinn Engravings and World Coins and medals at Se_edlle www.c ivit3sgalleries.com. We also buy ~ and Books. (041121 August 6-1 I- ANA World's Fair collections. Please offer: 608·836-1777. [ 10112} of Money, Pennsylvania Convention Center. 1101 Arch Street, P hila del ~ phia, PA, 19 107 LETTERS September IS-54'h Annual Fall COlltillfled from page 56 Red Rose Coin Club Sbow, Farm & Home Center, 1383 Arcadia Road, My previous translations are: Babelon, The Coinage of Edessa in Lancaster, PA Ruzicka, The Coinage of Serdica: Mesopotamia: September 27-Twin Cities An http://www. archive. 0 rg/d e tai lsi http://www.archive.org/BabelonThe cient Coin Club, Immanuel Luthe Auzicka_ The_Coinage_O'-Serdic8_ Coi n ag e Of E des sa I n M e ran Church. 104 Snelling Ave., SI. English_S28 sopotamiaEnglishTranslation Paul , MN Pflaum, The Three Emperor Coin age of Carausius: Th e new XLS/OpenOffice Calc list http://www . a rc hive. org/d eta i I 51 lists silver and bronze coins with only a English_ Translation_Pflaum_Carausius_ stag on the reverse-not only from Ephe Display Adver Three_Emperor_ Coinage sos but also from other ci ties. It can be Maerkl, The (Imperial) Coinage of found on www.catbikes.ch/coinstuff/ tising Rates Claudius II: coins-ric.htm along with 66(!) other XLS hllp:f!www.archive.org/detajls/ lists to help identify coins within seconds. Targeted directly MarklTheCoinageOIClaudiusl1English Best wishes from Switzerland! Translation Dane Kurth to collectors Wildwinds of ancient and medieval coins .-.. and antiquities. c:;O-o:;O-;lN;C-:rOp- .w)J· -O::B~C=T=-.~- 1/6 Page - $100 - 1/3 Page - $175 The FREE collaborative PenelopeCoins.com numismatic research website 1/2 Page - $250 Alfredo De La Fe Full Page - $500 Hobby numismatics, Telephone (917) 287-5512 (single insertion prepaid rares) places and databases alfred @coinproject.com Annual contract & multiple insertion Notes for Authors & Contributors discounts available All contributions to The Celator leases and rights are submitted at Call or write fo r more are welcome and encouraged. As the time of publication. infonnation or a copy of a popular journal, it is our goal to Manuscripts should be submit our current rate card! serve as a venue to educate and en ted in Microsoft Word format, and tertain our readers, and to provide can be sent as an e-mail atlach a fo rum for the interchange of ment. Please contact the editor for ideas. The editor does reserve the additional information about pho right to edit and/or mOdify any tographs and other illustrations. submission to insure compliance Please do not send photographs as III with our editorial policies. We can e-mail attachments before contact not guarantee the publication of ing the editor first. The Celator any submission. Preference will be Manuscripts and illustrations P.O. Box 10607 given to original, previously un can also be sent to the Editor c/ a published material, but previously The Celalor, P. O. Box 10607, La n Lancaster, PA 17605-0607 p ublished articles, etcetera are caster, PA 17605-0607 o r Tel/Fax (717) 656-8557 welcome provided the proper re- [email protected]. Email: [email protected] May/June 2012 53 Club & Society Directory Ancient Coin Club Twin Cities Orange Count.tJ 01 Chicago Ancient Coin Club Meets the 4'" Monday of the Meets the 4'h Thursday of the OCACC month (e ccpt Dec.) at 6pm at month at 7:30PM at Immanuel Ancient Coin Club Lutheran Church, 104 Snelling the research library of Harlan J. The OCACC meets OIl the 4th Saturday of the m 54 The Gelator INDEX OF DfSPL1Y ADVERTISERS Club & Society Directory Agora Ancient Co ~------~ May/June 2012 55 Olympics Cont. from pg. 25 ANS-DCRE Cont. fl"Om page 35 LETTERS able to the wider public. Coin types will COli/iI/lied from page 40 be connected to a growing number of examples from an ever-expanding Kurth Updates number of sou rces. The digitized avail Translations abil ity of relevant information like I think you once mentioned some of weights, modules, materials, legends, images, issuers, minis, location of find, my Engl ish translations of old works in and finally pictures, opens vast fields The Celator, and in case you have a lew of research in many different directions lines to fi ll in any of the next few issues, and will hopefully inspire other areas I thought I wou ld send you an update. in numismatics and beyond." Over the past two years I have trans lated and enhanced several more old OCRE: http://numismatics.org/ocre numismatic works from German into Other ANS research tools: Engl ish- they are all on www.archive.org MANTIS (the col lection database): and can be downloaded free of charge. They can be found easily using appro Figure 19-Jockey dismounting. Cala http://numismatics.org/search bria, Taras, AR Stater, ca. 270 BG. ARCHER (the archives database): priate search terms. In addition, I have just finished a new Photo by the author. http://n u m isma tics. org/arc h ivesl DONUM (the library catalogue)' addition to my very popular XLS lists with http://donum.numismatics.org/ dropdown columns to shorten the list For more information, please con detail by detail, until one finds one's tact ANS Adjunct Curator of Roman coin-this one will surely be of great use to dealers who are "fed up" of having to Coins Gilles Bransbourg at (212) 571- write "SNG Cop xxx var." etc. for their 4470, ext 156, bra nsbou [email protected]. silver and bronze Ephesos stag coins. Details of that list, wh ich has taken over NYINC Cont. from page 39 two years (and much financial outlay finding written sources!), are below. Most of the translations have been bourse openings should send their full enhanced with varieties, modern refer contact details to Bourse Chairman ence numbers, images, and additional Kevin Foley at kfoley2@wi. rr.com. Fo types discovered since the original work ley mentioned, "The NYINC typically appeared: has a 98% return rate each year. While Imhoof-Blumer, The Coinage of the it can take some time to get to the top Kilbiani: Figure 20- Two wrestlers grappling over of our waiting list, the fact that we typ http://www.archive.org/detailslThe ically have so few drop outs is better prize cauldron. Thraco -Macedonian CoinageOfTheKilbianilnLydia testimony to the commercial success Region, AR Drachm, ca. 530-510 BG. Maerkl, The Provincial Coinage of Photo by the author. of our dealers than any advertising Claudius II: puffery I might be able to compose." http://www.archive.org/detailsrrheP rovincialCoinageOfClaudiusl1 Von Fritze, The Coinage of Ilion: Say you read it in http : //a rch ive. 0 rg/d eta i lsi The Celator! The_Coinage_oUlion continued 01/ page 53... You can now read COIN NEWS, the UK's biggest selling coin magazine for less than $2 a month! For just *$16 per year we w ill send you an online version via an e-mail link every month direct to your inbox, fully searchable w ith e-mail and web addresses hot linked. 56 The Celator WWW.CNGCOINS.COM • COIN SHOP· GREEK - ROMAN - BYZANTINE MEDIEVAL - WORLD - BRITISH Inventory regularly updated • ELECTRONIC AUCTIONS • 24 auctions a year, featuring 300-500 lots per sale • PRINTED AUCTIONS • View and place bids online in our printed sales • AUTOMATED WANT LISTS • Receive notifications on specific items you want as soon as they are available - no obligation • BOOK LIST· Over 150 titles on Ancient, British, and World coins • RESEARCH • Searchable archives on over 67,000 coins we have sold • Subscriptions are available • For our printed catalogs - consult the web site • Company Goals • Customer Service • Excellence in Research & Photography • Consignments • Accepted for the printed and electronic auctions • Buying • All the time • Ancient - World to 1800 - British Classical Numismatic Group, Inc Post Office Box 479 • Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17608-0479 Tel: (717) 390-9194 • Fax: (717) 390-9978 [email protected] GEMINI NUMISMATIC AUCTIONS X SUNDAY, JANUARY 13TH, 2013 Selections from the Randy Haviland Collection Sextu s Pompei Ju lius Ceasar Crawford 51111 Crawford 452/1 Julius Ceasar Quinarius Julius Ceasar Ju li us Ceasar Crawford 475 /2 Crawford 485/1 Crawford 48111 Brutus/Eidmar Caius Antoni us Crawford 508 /3 Mark Antony Crawford 48411 Crawford 53911 Octavian Mark Antony Bahrfeldt 105/b Crawford 516/4 NYINC NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONVENTION Harlan J. Berk LTD Harlan J. Berk B&H Kreindler 312-609-0018 Herb Kreindler info@ harianjberk.com www.geminiauction.com 631 -427-0732