Carrier Grade Linux Requirements Definition
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Oracle Solaris: the Carrier-Grade Operating System Technical Brief
An Oracle White Paper February 2011 Oracle Solaris: The Carrier-Grade Operating System Oracle White Paper—Oracle Solaris: The Carrier-Grade OS Executive Summary.............................................................................1 ® Powering Communication—The Oracle Solaris Ecosystem..............3 Integrated and Optimized Stack ......................................................5 End-to-End Security ........................................................................5 Unparalleled Performance and Scalability.......................................6 Increased Reliability ........................................................................7 Unmatched Flexibility ......................................................................7 SCOPE Alliance ..............................................................................7 Security................................................................................................8 Security Hardening and Monitoring .................................................8 Process and User Rights Management...........................................9 Network Security and Encrypted Communications .......................10 Virtualization ......................................................................................13 Oracle VM Server for SPARC .......................................................13 Oracle Solaris Zones .....................................................................14 Virtualized Networking...................................................................15 -
Montavista Linux Carrier Grade Edition
MontaVista Linux Carrier Grade Edition WHITE PAPER ABSTRACT: Communications networks are very different from other kinds of computing applications. Networks require both very high reliability and very high performance. Not only must they process large volumes of data at high speed, but they must do so while limiting their downtime to minutes per year. Network failures can have huge economic consequences and can even result in the loss of life. Additionally, in this post-9/11 world, failure also has a national security dimension. This technical whitepaper introduces MontaVista Linux Carrier Grade Edition— what it is, how it evolved, and how it provides a foundation for developing and deploying carrier-grade applications like those described above. Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Intended Audience .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Organization .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Overview and Background ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Carrier Grade Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... -
Tampere University Research Portal
Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto. Julkaisu 800 Tampere University of Technology. Publication 800 Francis Tam Service Availability Standards for Carrier-Grade Platforms: Creation and Deployment in Mobile Networks Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Technology to be presented with due permission for public examination and criticism in Tietotalo Building, Auditorium TB222, at Tampere University of Technology, on the 15th of May 2009, at 12 noon. Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto - Tampere University of Technology Tampere 2009 ISBN 978-952-15-2134-8 (printed) ISBN 978-952-15-2158-4 (PDF) ISSN 1459-2045 Abstract The rapid development of the mobile network industry has raised considerably the expectations and requirements of the whole chain of stakeholders, from the end users through the mobile network operators and ultimately to the network equipment providers. A key expectation from an end user is service availability, which is a perception that services are continuously operational even in the presence of failures in the mobile network. Network equipment providers have been using carrier-grade platforms to provide various support functions including high availability as reusable assets for products creation. The term carrier-grade refers to a class of systems used in public telecommunications network that deliver up to five nines or six nines (99.999% or 99.9999%) availability. The convergence of communications and information technology in the industry has led to more competition and pressure to reduce development efforts. By creating a service availability standard, Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software can be bought and integrated into a carrier-grade platform, enabling a company to focus on the core business and concentrate the resource investment onto new innovations. -
UG1046 Ultrafast Embedded Design Methodology Guide
UltraFast Embedded Design Methodology Guide UG1046 (v2.3) April 20, 2018 Revision History The following table shows the revision history for this document. Date Version Revision 04/20/2018 2.3 • Added a note in the Overview section of Chapter 5. • Replaced BFM terminology with VIP across the user guide. 07/27/2017 2.2 • Vivado IDE updates and minor editorial changes. 04/22/2015 2.1 • Added Embedded Design Methodology Checklist. • Added Accessing Documentation and Training. 03/26/2015 2.0 • Added SDSoC Environment. • Added Related Design Hubs. 10/20/2014 1.1 • Removed outdated information. •In System Level Considerations, added information to the following sections: ° Performance ° Clocking and Reset 10/08/2014 1.0 Initial Release of document. UltraFast Embedded Design Methodology Guide Send Feedback 2 UG1046 (v2.3) April 20, 2018 www.xilinx.com Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Embedded Design Methodology Checklist. 9 Accessing Documentation and Training . 10 Chapter 2: System Level Considerations Performance. 13 Power Consumption . 18 Clocking and Reset. 36 Interrupts . 41 Embedded Device Security . 45 Profiling and Partitioning . 51 Chapter 3: Hardware Design Considerations Configuration and Boot Devices . 63 Memory Interfaces . 69 Peripherals . 76 Designing IP Blocks . 94 Hardware Performance Considerations . 102 Dataflow . 108 PL Clocking Methodology . 112 ACP and Cache Coherency. 116 PL High-Performance Port Access. 120 System Management Hardware Assistance. 124 Managing Hardware Reconfiguration . 127 GPs and Direct PL Access from APU . 133 Chapter 4: Software Design Considerations Processor Configuration . 137 OS and RTOS Choices . 142 Libraries and Middleware . 152 Boot Loaders . 156 Software Development Tools . 162 UltraFast Embedded Design Methodology GuideSend Feedback 3 UG1046 (v2.3) April 20, 2018 www.xilinx.com Chapter 5: Hardware Design Flow Overview . -
Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto Project™
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SERIES Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto Project" FREE SAMPLE CHAPTER SHARE WITH OTHERS �f, � � � � Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto ProjectTM This page intentionally left blank Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto ProjectTM Rudolf J. Streif Boston • Columbus • Indianapolis • New York • San Francisco • Amsterdam • Cape Town Dubai • London • Madrid • Milan • Munich • Paris • Montreal • Toronto • Delhi • Mexico City São Paulo • Sidney • Hong Kong • Seoul • Singapore • Taipei • Tokyo Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales depart- ment at [email protected] or (800) 382-3419. For government sales inquiries, please contact [email protected]. For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contact [email protected]. Visit us on the Web: informit.com Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress. -
Wireless Network Virtualization: Ensuring Carrier Grade Availability
™ AN INTEL COMPANY Wireless Network Virtualization: Ensuring Carrier Grade Availability WHEN IT MATTERS, IT RUNS ON WIND RIVER WIRELESS NETWORK VIRTUALIZATION: ENSURING CARRIER GRADE AVAILABILITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The wireless industry’s battle to acquire new subscribers and retain existing ones is accelerating the need for new services. Profit margins are under pressure from the increased infrastructure and operations costs required to satisfy the growing demand. Network functions virtualization (NFV), a rapidly growing initiative in telecom networks, promises to revolutionize how networks are architected and managed. It allows communications service providers (CSPs) to virtualize network functions and consolidate them on standard off-the-shelf servers. Although 4G LTE is effective at meeting the increasing bandwidth demands at lower costs than its predecessors, its mobile base station, E-UTRAN Node B (eNB), located at the edge of the radio access network (RAN), is underutilized at certain times of the day and has grown in complexity, resulting in higher downtime and field maintenance costs. As a result, the eNB is a good candidate for NFV. Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) is the virtualization of the eNB’s control plane and data plane functions, consolidating it in one or more data centers. The result is significantly higher equipment utilization, cost-efficient redundancy to achieve high availability, and lower operations and maintenance costs. However, to realize these benefits, the foundation for virtualized eNBs must be a robust, carrier grade NFV platform that incorporates advanced fault management features. Poor implementation results in lower quality execution with excessive outage and maintenance costs. Wind River® Titanium Cloud is the industry’s first NFV-ready solution that incorporates advanced carrier grade fault, security, performance, and network management features. -
Carrier Grade Virtualization
Carrier Grade Virtualization Leveraging virtualization in Carrier Grade Systems Abstract Network Equipment Providers (NEPs) have been building networking infrastructure equipment able to deliver “carrier grade” services, typically mission-critical services such as voice telephony. In decades past, NEPs have achieved high degrees of availability through purpose-built hardware and software implementations. Today they increasingly build on COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) hardware and Open Source Software (OSS), freeing their engineering resources to focus on core telephony competencies. The move to COTS and OSS requires that these hardware and software components be available from an ecosystem of suppliers, and that they interoperate seamlessly. Bodies such as The Linux Foundation (LF), the Service Availability Forum (SA Forum) and PICMG have defined standards and specifications such as carrier grade OSes (CGLinux), Service Availability Forum APIs and AdvancedTCA hardware to target carrier grade applications. Recent advances have made virtualization appealing for carrier class equipment by permitting significant cost reduction through consolidation of workloads and of physical hardware. Virtualization also transparently lets NEPs and other OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) leverage multi-core processors to run legacy software designed for uniprocessor hardware. However, virtualization needs to meet specific requirements to enable network equipment deploying this technology to meet industry expectations for carrier grade systems. This -
Energy Efficiency in Office Computing Environments
Fakulät für Informatik und Mathematik Universität Passau, Germany Energy Efficiency in Office Computing Environments Andreas Berl Supervisor: Hermann de Meer A thesis submitted for Doctoral Degree March 2011 1. Reviewer: Prof. Hermann de Meer Professor of Computer Networks and Communications University of Passau Innstr. 43 94032 Passau, Germany Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.net.fim.uni-passau.de 2. Reviewer: Prof. David Hutchison Director of InfoLab21 and Professor of Computing Lancaster University LA1 4WA Lancaster, UK Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.infolab21.lancs.ac.uk Abstract The increasing cost of energy and the worldwide desire to reduce CO2 emissions has raised concern about the energy efficiency of information and communica- tion technology. Whilst research has focused on data centres recently, this thesis identifies office computing environments as significant consumers of energy. Office computing environments offer great potential for energy savings: On one hand, such environments consist of a large number of hosts. On the other hand, these hosts often remain turned on 24 hours per day while being underutilised or even idle. This thesis analyzes the energy consumption within office computing environments and suggests an energy-efficient virtualized office environment. The office environment is virtualized to achieve flexible virtualized office resources that enable an energy-based resource management. This resource management stops idle services and idle hosts from consuming resources within the office and consolidates utilised office services on office hosts. This increases the utilisation of some hosts while other hosts are turned off to save energy. The suggested architecture is based on a decentralized approach that can be applied to all kinds of office computing environments, even if no centralized data centre infrastructure is available. -
Titans and Trolls of the Open Source Arena
Titans and Trolls Enter the Open-Source Arena * by DEBRA BRUBAKER BURNS I. Introduction .................................................................................... 34 II. Legal Theories for Open Source Software License Enforcement ................................................................................... 38 A. OSS Licensing .......................................................................... 38 B. Legal Theories and Remedies for OSS Claims .................... 40 1. Legal Protections for OSS under Copyright and Contract Law ..................................................................... 40 Stronger Protections for OSS License under Copyright Law ................................................................... 40 2. Copyright-Ownership Challenges in OSS ....................... 42 3. Potential Legal Minefields for OSS under Patent Law ...................................................................................... 45 4. Added Legal Protection for OSS under Trademark Law ...................................................................................... 46 5. ITC 337 Action as Uncommon Legal Protection for OSS ..................................................................................... 49 III. Enforcement Within the OSS Community .................................. 49 A. Software Freedom Law Center Enforces OSS Licenses .... 50 B. Federal Circuit Finds OSS License Enforceable Under Copyright Law ......................................................................... 53 C. Commercial OSS -
Safeguarding the Future of Linux Through Standards
Safeguarding the Future of Linux Through Standards “ Through the defi nition and testing of operating system interfaces, the LSB creates a stable platform that benefi ts Safeguarding Key Facts the Future of bo th developers and users.” - Linus Torvalds Linux Through Standards • The FSG is a non-profi t organization devoted to the ongoing success of Linux The Free Standards Group is an independent nonprofi t organization dedicated to accelerating the use and acceptance of free and open source • Growing membership includes all leading Linux vendors software by developing and promoting standards. Supported by leaders and many infl uential non-profi ts in the IT industry as well as the open source development community, the in the Linux community Free Standards Group fulfi lls a critical need to have common behavioral • Workgroups cover key specifi cations, tools and ABIs across Linux platforms. The Linux Standard Base Linux standards issues such as a binary standard and offers an answer to the most pressing issue facing Linux today: fragmentation. internationalization • Board members include an A well supported standard for Linux is the neccesary component to Linux’s assortment of Linux experts continued success. Without a commonly adopted standard, Linux will fragment, and senior representatives of the Linux community thus proving costly for ISVs to port their applications to the operating system and making it diffi cult for end users and Linux vendors alike. By adopting the • Headquartered in San Francisco Linux Standard Base, the Linux community provides this crucial portability so that applications can be used on more than one distribution of Linux with little or no change. -
Open Source Software: Risks and Rewards V2.0, 03 August 2005
Open Source Software: Risks and Rewards v2.0, 03 August 2005 Author(s)Gary Hein Conclusion Open source software (OSS) brings new opportunities and risks to information technology (IT) vendors and customers. Software commoditization is being profoundly affected from the infrastructure layer and moving up to the application layer. As a result, OSS is changing the strategies and business models of hardware and software vendors and system integrators. Customers should understand the risks and rewards of OSS, and should formulate strategies that bring OSS benefits to their IT departments while mitigating the business and legal risks. Synopsis Open source software (OSS) is more than just free software. It’s a development process, a distribution model, and a set of new software licenses. And, as characterized by OSS proponents, it’s a movement. OSS projects, such as Linux and Apache HTTP server, are commoditizing enterprise and Internet infrastructure, and thus pose threats for some vendors while creating new market opportunities for others. OSS brings more to information technology (IT) than just free software. It grants freedom from vendor lock-in and application churn, freedom to inspect, modify, and improve source code, and the freedom to influence or contribute to projects key to a company’s survival. But these freedoms come at a price. Although OSS is free, it isn’t always less expensive to implement due to migration, support, training, and maintenance costs. OSS projects add new twists to business risks such as vendor viability and stability, and legal issues remain uncertain as many popular licenses have yet to be tested in a court of law. -
0137017839.Pdf
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 [email protected] For sales outside the United States, please contact: International Sales [email protected] Visit us on the Web: informit.com/aw Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Hallinan, Christopher. Embedded Linux primer : a practical real-world approach / Christopher Hallinan. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-13-701783-6 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Linux. 2. Operating systems (Computers) 3. Embedded computer systems--Programming. I. Title. QA76.76.O63H34462 2011 005.4’32--dc22 2010032891 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise.