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GNU/Linux) Como Plataforma De Servicios De Red En Entornos Empresariales

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GNU/Linux) Como Plataforma De Servicios De Red En Entornos Empresariales Universidad de la República Facultad de Ingeniería. Ingeniería en Computación Estudio del Open/Free (GNU/Linux) como plataforma de servicios de red en entornos empresariales Estudio de GNU/Linux y el Software Libre como solución integral para Empresas Tutor : Ariel Sabiguero Daniel Caraballo Mario Madera Marcelo Odin PROYECTO DE GRADO 2004: ESTUDIO DEL OPEN/FREE (GNU/LINUX) COMO PLATAFORMA DE SERVICIOS DE RED EN ENTORNOS EMPRESARIALES Índice de contenido 1 INTRODUCCIÓN................................................................................................................. 1 2 SOFTWARE LIBRE DE CÓDIGO ABIERTO (OPEN/FREE).......................................3 2.1 EL MOVIMIENTO OPEN SOURCE..............................................................................4 2.2 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LICENCIAMIENTO OPEN SOURCE.............................................. 6 2.2.1 Redistribución libre.................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Sobre el código fuente................................................................................................ 6 2.2.3 Sobre trabajos derivados............................................................................................. 7 2.2.4 Integridad del código fuente del autor del Software.................................................. 7 2.2.5 No discriminación contra personas o grupos de personas........................................ 7 2.2.6 No discriminación sobre áreas de utilización ........................................................... 7 2.2.7 Distribución de la licencia ......................................................................................... 7 2.2.8 La licencia no debe ser particular a un producto....................................................... 7 2.2.9 La licencia no debe restringir otro software............................................................... 8 2.2.10 La licencia debe ser tecnologicamente-neutral........................................................ 8 2.3 DOMINIO PÚBLICO................................................................................................8 2.4 LICENCIAS UTILIZADAS PARA SOFTWARE OPEN SOURCE..............................................8 2.4.1 General Public Licence (GPL).................................................................................... 8 2.4.1.1 Actos permitidos...................................................................................................................... 9 2.4.1.2 Actos no permitidos................................................................................................................. 9 2.4.2 Lesser GNU Public Licence (LGPL)......................................................................... 9 2.4.3 Licencia estilo BSD................................................................................................... 10 2.4.3.1 Detalles Importantes..............................................................................................................11 2.4.4 Comparación de las licecnias GPL y BSD................................................................ 11 2.4.5 NPL y MPL............................................................................................................... 12 2.4.5.1 Detalles Importantes de la MPL ..........................................................................................12 2.4.5.2 Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) .................................................. 12 2.4.6 Microsoft Shared Source........................................................................................... 13 2.4.7 Diferencias entre los programas BSD, GPL ............................................................ 13 2.4.8 Diferencias entre las copias ilegales y el llamado "freeware" y "shareware"......... 14 3 GNU/LINUX COMO SISTEMA OPERATIVO DENTRO DE UNA EMPRESA........15 3.1 INTRODUCCIÓN....................................................................................................15 3.2 REQUISITOS A NIVEL EMPRESARIAL ........................................................................15 3.2.1 GNU/Linux como Servidor...................................................................................... 15 3.2.1.1 Utilización en el mercado.......................................................................................................16 3.2.1.2 Seguridad.............................................................................................................................. 16 3.2.1.3 Confiabilidad.........................................................................................................................22 3.2.1.4 Performance...........................................................................................................................24 3.2.1.5 Escalabilidad.........................................................................................................................24 3.2.1.6 Costo Total de Propiedad (Total Cost of Ownership).............................................................25 3.2.2 GNU/Linux como puesto de Trabajo (Desktop).................................................... 27 3.3 IDENTIFICAR LOS CANDIDATOS (DISTRIBUCIONES)....................................................29 3.3.0.1 Algunos Hechos................................................................................................................... 29 3.3.1 Instalación................................................................................................................. 33 3.3.2 Administración y actualización de paquetes............................................................ 34 3.3.2.1 Software común.................................................................................................................... 35 3.3.3 Proceso de booteo y gestión de servicios ................................................................ 36 3.3.4 Jerarquía del sistema de archivos............................................................................. 38 3.3.5 Configuración de la red............................................................................................ 39 i PROYECTO DE GRADO 2004: ESTUDIO DEL OPEN/FREE (GNU/LINUX) COMO PLATAFORMA DE SERVICIOS DE RED EN ENTORNOS EMPRESARIALES 3.3.6 Logs, planificación de tareas y administración de usuarios.................................... 40 3.3.6.1 Logging System......................................................................................................................40 3.3.6.2 Planificación de tareas............................................................................................................40 3.3.6.3 Administración de usuarios................................................................................................... 41 3.3.7 La elección del sistema operativo: ¿Por qué Mandrake? .........................................41 3.3.8 Conclusiones............................................................................................................. 42 4 ENTORNOS GRÁFICOS...................................................................................................45 5 PAQUETES OPEN/FREE PARA DESKTOPS............................................................... 46 5.1 OFIMÁTICA.........................................................................................................46 5.1.1 Suite OpenOffice.org ................................................................................................ 46 5.1.1.1 Procesador de texto (OpenOffice.org Writer).......................................................................... 46 5.1.1.2 Planilla de Cálculo (OpenOffice.org Calc)..............................................................................47 5.1.1.3 Creación de Presentaciones(OpenOffice.org Impress)............................................................... 47 5.1.1.4 Creación de dibujos( OpenOffice.org Draw)............................................................................48 5.1.1.5 Programación de Macros........................................................................................................48 5.1.1.6 Consideraciones Finales......................................................................................................... 48 5.1.2 Suite Koffice ............................................................................................................. 48 5.1.2.1 Kword................................................................................................................................... 50 5.1.2.2 KSpread................................................................................................................................ 54 5.1.2.3 Kpresenter..............................................................................................................................55 5.1.2.4 Karbon14 y Kivio .................................................................................................................56 5.1.2.5 Conclusión.............................................................................................................................56 5.2 LA WEB – NAVEGACIÓN Y DISEÑO................................................................58 5.2.1 Navegadores.............................................................................................................. 58 5.2.2 Editores..................................................................................................................... 59
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