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ISSN (Online) : 2456-6632 Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science An International Journal Volume 5 | Issue 1 Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy www.aesacademy.org Scan to view it on the web Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science (Abbreviation: Arch. Agri. Environ. Sci.) ISSN: 2456-6632 (Online) An International Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Volume 5 Number 1 2020 Abstracted/Indexed: The journal AAES is proud to be a registered member of the following leading abstracting/indexing agencies: Google Scholar, JGate India, AGRIS - Food and Agriculture Organization, Index Copernicus International, OpenAIRE, DataCite, Semantic Scholar, WorldCat Library, CrossRef, CrossMark (Article Version Updates) All Rights Reserved © 2016-2020 Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy Disclaimer: No part of this booklet may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher. However, all the articles published in this issue are open access articles which are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. For information regarding permission, write us at [email protected]. An official publication of Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy 86, Gurubaksh Vihar (East) Kankhal Haridwar-249408 (Uttarakhand), India Website: https://www.aesacademy.org Email: [email protected] Phone: +91-98971-89197 Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science (An International Research Journal) (Abbreviation: Arch. Agri. Environ. Sci.) Aims & Objectives: The journal is an official publication of Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy. Its goal is to publish scientific research views in the field of Agriculture Sciences, and Environmental Sciences; and any other related field to promote speedy propagation of quality research information. Periodicity: Four issues in a year (March, June, September and December) The journal managing board: Editor-in-Chief Dr. Vinod Kumar Department of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), INDIA E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Associate Editors Dr. Sachin Srivastva, Dehradun, India Dr. Temin Payum, Pesighat, India Advisory Board Prof. Bharat Raj Subba, Biratnagar, Nepal Prof. Dr. Barbara Sawicka, Lublin Poland Prof. A.K. Chopra, Haridwar, India Prof. N.C. Gupta, Delhi, India Prof. Kavita Shah, Varanasi, India Prof. S.K. Singh, Varanasi, India Dr. T. Ramanathan, Parangipettai, India Er. Omkar Singh, Roorkee, India Prof. G. Sudarsan, Tirupati, India Editorial Board Dr. Adarsh Kumar Pandey, Malaysia Dr. M.F. Alam, Jazan, Saudi Arabia Dr. S.K. Paul, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Dr. Mritunjay K. Pandey, Kanpur, India Dr. Vineet V. Tyagi, Katra, Jammu, India Dr. Naveen Kumar Arora, Lucknow, India Dr. Kuldeep Bauddh, Ranchi, India Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Jammu, India Dr. Zahoor Ahmed Dar, J&K, India Dr. Ram Swaroop Meena, Varanasi, India Dr. S. Sarvade, Waraseoni, India Dr. Omesh Bajpai, Kanpur, India Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam, Gazipur, Bangladesh Dr. Anil Kumar Shankhwarm, GB Nagar, India Dr. Rupsanatan Mandal, Pundibari, India Dr. Nirmal Kumar Meena, Kota, India Dr. Pawan Kumar Bharti, Delhi, India Dr. Dhiman Mukherjee, Kalyani, India Dr. Richa Kothari Tyagi, Samba, India Dr. Sanjay Kumar, Haridwar, India Dr. Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Kalyani, India Dr. K.K. Sharma, SBS Nagar, India Dr. Shahabaldin Rezania, Malaysia Dr. Ayman EL Sabagh, Egypt Mr. Jiban Shrestha, Chitwan, Nepal Dr. Vinayak Vandan Pathak, Faridabad, India Dr. Avinash Chandra Pandey, Hyderabad, India Dr. Anil Kumar Singh, Ballia, India Dr. Nayan Kishor Adhikary, Kolkata, India Dr. R.K. Chauhan, Kurukshetra , India Dr. Umesh K. Narta, Shimla , India Dr. Rajni Kant Thakur, Solan, India Dr. Sanjay Kumar Bharti , Patna, India Dr. Shankar Karuppannan, Adama, Ethopia Dr. Sandeep K. Malyan, Israel Dr. Roushan K. Thakur, Roorkee, India Dr. Fernanda Farnese, Brazil Editorial Secretaries Mr. Jogendra Singh, Haridwar, India Mr. Pankaj Kumar, Haridwar, India Mr. Piyush Kumar, Haridwar, India II Information of Membership/MS Publication/Subscription Fee INSIDE INDIA (INR) OUTSIDE INDIA (USD) Publication charges NIL Publication charges NIL Annual membership 1000 Annual membership 100 Life membership 5000 Life membership 500 Individual subscription of hard copy per issue 1500 Individual subscription of hard copy per issue 150 Institutional subscription of hard copy per issue 2500 Institutional subscription of hard copy per issue 250 Note: All prices published here are subjected to change at any time without any prior information from the publisher. The payments will be accepted preferably by online payment portal of AESA which is available on the website or through Direct Bank Wire Transfer in favor of ' Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy payable at 86, Gurubaksh Vihar (East), Kankhal, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) India. All Rights Reserved © 2016-2020 Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy E-mail: [email protected] III Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science (An International Research Journal) Volume 5 Issue 1 March, 2020 Content List Article Title Page No. No. Research/Review/Case studies/Short Communication Articles 1. Using the DSSAT-CROPGRO model to simulate gross margin and N-leaching of cowpea 1-10 fertigated with human urine David Lomeling* and Salah Joseph Huria 2. Growth, yield and quality of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in response to sowing date and 11-17 phosphorus fertilization Wasima Yasmin, Swapan Kumar Paul* and Md. Parvez Anwar 3. Role of credit in maize (Zea mays L.) production and assessment of food security in a selected 18-24 area of Bangladesh Most. Rehana Akter, Mohammad Ataur Rahman* and Md. Rais Uddin Mian 4. Economics of production and marketing of natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in Jhapa, Nepal 25-32 Subodh Raj Pandey*, Surya Mani Dhungana and Govinda Prasad Sharma 5. Assessment of fish pond sediments for growth, yield and nutritional quality of Indian spinach 33-39 (Basella alba L.) M. Ashraful Islam* , Nusrat Jahan, Q.F. Quadir and S.M. Haque 6. Impact of forest land cover on runoff, erosion and sedimentation in the Karai Watershed, 40-49 Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia Basuki Wasis*, Dhemi Harlan and Muhammad Hafiz Wasis Putra 7. A case study of medicinal plants and their usage by the local community of Dilasaini 50-54 Gaunpalika, Baitadi district, Nepal Sandesh Thapa*, Sara Rawal, Anuska Prasai, Janak Adhikari, Sarika Bist and Anup Ghimire 8. Analysis of agricultural growth and its determinant factors in Nepal 55-60 Amrit Dumre*, Shiva Chandra Dhakal, Mohan Acharya and Prabin Poudel 9. Assessment of remittance and its impacts on economic growth in Nepal 61-66 Sushma Banjara*, Seema Karki and Amrit Dumre 10. Preliminary toxicity assessment of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) on terrestrial snail (Helix 67-72 aspersa) Varun Dhiman IV Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5(1): 1-10 (2020) https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.050101 This content is available online at AESA Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science Journal homepage: www.aesacademy.org e-ISSN: 2456-6632 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Using the DSSAT-CROPGRO model to simulate gross margin and N-leaching of cowpea fertigated with human urine David Lomeling* and Salah Joseph Huria Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CNRES), University of Juba, P.O. Box 82 Juba, South SUDAN *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE HISTORY ABSTRACT Received: 22 January 2020 This study simulated the biophysical, economic and environmental implications of cowpea Revised received: 13 March 2020 fertigated with human urine (equivalent to 60 kg N ha-1) as source of organic N. The DSSAT Accepted: 18 March 2020 CROPGRO model was used to simulate harvested cowpea yield, N(leached), N(uptake), monetary returns or gross margins in ($) under two different treatments: without fertigation or human urine (T0) and with fertigation (T1). Biophysical analysis using the Cumulative Probability Distribution (CPD) showed a 50% probability of the harvested cowpea yield under T1 being -1 higher than under T0 at 1060 and 600 kg ha respectively, accounting for a 43.4% difference. Keywords The Mean Gini Stochastic Dominance (MGSD) analysis was used to assess the gross margin Fertigation and helped in deciding on the best strategic and management option. The findings of this study Gross margin revealed a 50% probability (CPD0.5), of higher gross margin under T1 at $ -215 higher than N-leaching under T0 at $285. This was a $70 difference per season under T1 and so enhancing a faster Risk aversion payback and a larger monetary return on overall investments. Similarly, seasonal analysis with Stochastic dominance -1 fertigation showed that at CPD0.5, the N(leached) was still < 4 kg N ha per season and so posed no environmental risks. The simulation results also showed higher a probability of N(uptake) of -1 -1 about 270 kg N ha during fertigation compared to about 95 kg N ha under T0. Therefore, the DSSAT CROPGRO model can be used to successfully forecast future cowpea yields, gross margin, N(leached), N(uptake) under different