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The State of Linux Containers

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The State of Linux Containers The State of ssLinux Containers Gaikai PS Now announcement at CES 2014 2 Gaikai - caching + controller feedback 3 Agenda 1. “Linux Container” / “Docker Ecosystem” in a Nutshell 2. Confusion about Ecosystem / Vision to tackle it 3. Docker -> SWARM -> SLURM -> BigData 4. Discussion of Opportunities and Problems 4 The Bits and Pieces… Linux Containers Containers do not spin up a distinct kernel all containers & the host share the same user-lands are independent they are separated by Kernel Namespaces SERVICE SERVICE SERVICE Userland (OS) Userland (OS) Userland (OS) KERNEL KERNEL KERNEL SERVICE SERVICE SERVICE HYPERVISOR Userland (OS)Ubuntu:14.04 Ubuntu:15.10Userland (OS) Userland (OS)RHEL7.2 Userland (OS) Userland (OS)Tiny Core Linux HOST KERNEL HOST KERNEL SERVER SERVER Traditional Virtualisation Containerisation 6 Kernel Namespaces Containers are ‘grouped processes’ isolated by Kernel Namespaces resource restrictions applicable through CGroups (disk/netIO) Namespaces: PID Network Mount IPC UTS HOST container1 container2 container3 container4 bash consul consul consul ls -l apache mysqld slurmd ssh 7 Docker Engine Container Runtime Daemon creates/…/removes containers, exposes REST API handles Namespaces, CGroups, bind-mounts, etc. IP connectivity by default via ‘host-only’ network bridge container2 container1 docker0 Docker-Engine SERVER eth0 8 Docker Compose Describes stack of container configurations instead of writing a small bash script… … it holds the runtime configuration as YAML file. 9 Docker Networking Docker Networking spans networks across engines KV-store to synchronise (Zookeeper, etcd, Consul) VXLAN to pass messages along global container0 container1 containerN Docker-Engine Docker-Engine Docker-Engine Consul Consul Consul DC Consul SERVER0 SERVER1 SERVER<n> 10 Docker Swarm Docker Swarm proxies docker-engines serves an API endpoint in front of multiple docker-engines does placement decisions. container1 :2376 :2376 :2376 Docker-Engine Docker-Engine Docker-Engine swarm-client swarm-client swarm-client swarm-master :2375 SERVER0 SERVER1 SERVER<n> -e constraint:node==SERVER0 11 Docker Swarm [cont] query docker-enginequery docker-swarm 12 Introduce new Technologies Introducing new Tech Self-perception when introducing new tech… credit: TF2 - Meet the Pyro 14 Introducing new Tech … not always the same as the perception of others. credit: TF2 - Meet the Pyro 15 Docker Buzzword Chaos! Distributions On-Premise & OverSpill Auto-Scaling Orchestration Solutions self-healing production-ready enterprise-grade 16 Vision 1. No special distributions useful for certain use-cases, such as elasticity and green-field deployment not so much for an on-premise datacenter w/ legacy in it. 2. Leverage existing processes/resources install workflow, syslog, monitoring security (ssh infrastructure), user auth. 3. keep up with docker ecosystem incorporate new features of engine, swarm, compose networking, volumes, user-namespaces 17 Reduce to the max! Testbed Hardware (courtesy of ) 8x Sun Fire x2250, 2x 4core XEON, 32GB, Mellanox ConnectX-2) Software Base installation CentOS 7.2 base installation (updated from 7-alpha) Ansible consul, sensu docker v1.10, docker-compose docker SWARM 19 Docker Networking Synchronised by Consul node8 Docker-Engine Consul node2 Docker-Engine Consul node1 Docker-Engine Consul Consul DC 20 Docker SWARM Docker SWARM Synchronised by Consul KV- store swarm master node8 Docker-Engine Consul swarm node2 Docker-Engine Consul swarm node1 Docker-Engine Consul Consul SWARM DC 21 SLURM Cluster SLURM within SWARM swarm master node8 slurmctld slurmd Docker-Engine Consul swarm node2 slurmd Docker-Engine Consul swarm node1 slurmd Docker-Engine Consul Consul SLURM SWARM DC 22 SLURM Cluster [cont] 23 SLURM Cluster [cont] SLURM within SWARM slurmd within app-container swarm master node8 pre-stage containers slurmctld slurmdhpcg Docker-Engine Consul swarm node2 slurmdhpcg Docker-Engine Consul swarm node1 slurmdhpcg Docker-Engine Consul Consul SLURM SWARM DC 24 MPI Benchmark http://qnib.org/mpi http://qnib.org/mpi-paper 25 SLURM Cluster [cont] SLURM within SWARM slurmd within app-container OpenFOAM swarm master node8 pre-stage containers slurmctld slurmdhpcg Docker-Engine Consul OpenFOAM swarm node2 slurmdhpcg Docker-Engine Consul OpenFOAM swarm node1 slurmdhpcg Docker-Engine Consul Consul SLURM SWARM DC 26 OpenFOAM Benchmark http://qnib.org/immutable http://qnib.org/immutable-paper 27 Samza Cluster Distributed Samza Zookeeper and Kafka cluster zookeeper kafka swarm master Samza instances to run jobs node8 samza Docker-Engine Consul zookeeper kafka swarm node2 samza Docker-Engine Consul zookeeper kafka swarm node1 samza Docker-Engine Consul Consul SWARM DC $ cat test.log |awk ‘{print $1}’ |sed -e ’s/HPC/BigData/g’ |tee out.log 28 To Be Explored Small vs. Big 1. Where to base images on? Ubuntu/Fedora: ~200MB Debian: ~100MB Alpine Linux: 5MB (musl-libc) 2. Trimm the Images down at all cost? How about debugging tools? Possibility to run tools on the host and ‘inspect’ namespaced processes inside of a container. If PID-sharing arrives, carving out (e.g.) monitoring could be a thing. 30 One vs. Many Processes 1. In an ideal world… a container only runs one process, e.g. the HPC solver. 2. In reality… MPI want’s to connect to a sshd within the job-peers monitoring, syslog, service discovery should be present as well. 3. How fast / aggressive to break traditional approaches? 31 Docker Network Plugin System VXLAN MACVLAN How about IPoIB? 32 Reproducibility / Downscaling Running OpenFOAM on small scale is cumbersome manually install OpenFOAM on a workstation be confident that the installation works correctly A containerised OpenFOAM installation tackles both http://qnib.org/immutable-paper http://qnib.org/immutable 33 Service Discovery 1. Since the environments are rather dynamic… how does the containers discover services? external registry as part of the framework? discovery service as part of the container stacks? 34 Orchestration Frameworks With Docker Swarm it is rather easy to spin up a Kubernetes or Mesos cluster within Swarm. scheduler apiserver kubelet kubelet kubelet etcd etcd etcd Docker-Engine Docker-Engine Docker-Engine swarm-client swarm-client swarm-client swarm-master SERVER0 SERVER1 SERVER<n> 35 Immutable vs. Config Mgmt 1. Containers should be controlled via ENV or flags External access/change of a running container is discouraged 2. Configuration management Downgraded to bootstrap a host? 36 Continuous Dev./Integration If containers are immutable within pipeline testing/deployment should be automated developers should have a production replica 37 Docker Momentum IT Tinkering (Hello World) Continuous Dev/Int/Dep Microservices, hyper scale Big Data High Performance Computing Datacenter Ops HPC Software Dev Disclaimer: subjective exaggeration 38 Docker in Software Development Spinning up production-like environment is great MongoDB, PostreSQL, memcached as separate containers python2.7, python3.4 Like python’s virtualenv on steroids, iteration speedup through reproducibility 39 Docker in HPC development Spinning up production-like environment is… …not that easy focus more on engineer/scientist, not the software-developer 1. For development it might work close to non-HPC software dev 2. But is that the iteration-focus? rather job settings / input data? 40 Separation of Concerns? Split input iteration / development from operation non-distributed stays vanilla transition to HPC cluster using tech to foster operation Input/Dev http://gmkurtzer.github.io/singularity 41 containerd Integration Docker-Engine 1.11 will not be the parent of containers runC usage under the hood 42 Recap aka. IMHO 1. Separat Dev and Ops don’t block the momentum fostering iteration speed in Development 2. Using vanilla docker-tech keep up with the ecosystem and prevent vendor/ecosystem lock-in 3. 80/20 rule have caveats on the radar but don’t bother too much everything is so fast moving - it’s hard to predict 43 23.06.2016 https://github.com/qnib/hpcac-cluster2016 Q&A eGalea Workshop (Pisa) <plz ping me if you are interested> http://qnib.org.
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