people’s trust for endangered species WildliAutumnf 2014e WorldIssue 6 UK ISSN 2049-8268 Risso’s dolphins Norfolk bat magic Harvest mouse habitat Noble chafer beetles

It’s now or never Overseas Ethiopian wolves Essential action Africa’s rare antelopes for Borneo’s Russian butterflies orangutans Hope for Syrian brown bears

Hedgehog heaven Big cats on camera Pine martens Discover how your How evidence from What we’re doing to garden can become a PTES camera traps can improve the chances haven for our best-loved save a crucial wildlife of Britain’s second mammal species corridor in Malaysia rarest carnivore Wildlife world Wildlife world

04 PTES people Meet Tracy Foster, whose design for the PTES/BHPS Hedgehog Street Garden scooped two awards 05 Frontline Why governments must never neglect ecology for the sake of economy

20 16 06 Conservation news A quick roundup of recent news at home and abroad, and the view from Nelson’s column 08 Species focus In this edition We’re working for a future where pine martens are restored to their native British and Irish range 10 Scrapbook We love hearing from friends of PTES, be they researchers or volunteers, so please, tell us your story 12 Our work with primates © Northshots / Pete Cairns From orangutans to bonobos, gibbons and slow lorises, we are working to conserve threatened 18 08 primates wherever they need our help most 16 PTES in action How we’re turning your support into positive action to help threatened species and habitats around the world and at home in the UK 22 DIY Hedgehog Officer Henry Johnson offers some great ideas for making 14 22 your garden hedgehog-friendly

Editor: Dr Amy-Jane Beer Water vole Editorial team: Jill Nelson, Zoe Roden, Nida Al-Fulaij Welcome Design: becolourful.co.uk Bringing the Britain’s water voles It’s hard to believe three years have passed since we began Creative lead: Phillip Southgate have been a conservation Illustration: Hayley Cove working on issue one of Wildlife World magazine, but time has Print: 4-Print wild back to life priority for over 10 years. flown. I hope you’ll enjoy our more streamlined new look created Patchy monitoring was Cover image: Wildlife World is published by the talented Phillip Southgate. As always you’ll find this edition Sergey Uryadnikov making it difficult to build by People’s Trust for packed with project reports and updates from the vital work PTES Shutterstock.com a clear national picture Endangered Species is involved with around the world. PTES is a relatively small charity, The opinions expressed in this to show which measures © D magazine are not necessarily those of

ave Willis but with no shortage of ambition – the embodiment of thinking Our wildlife is disappearing. Almost work and where more help People’s Trust for Endangered Species. globally while acting locally. I’m continually amazed and inspired two thirds of species in the UK have is needed. That’s why we by what these projects achieve by thoughtful allocation of funds Contact us declined in the past 50 years. There’s are using our expertise to PTES Wildlife World Magazine to people with the passion and expertise to change the fate of threatened wildlife on the nothing natural or inevitable about this. develop a National Water 3 Cloisters House © iStockphoto.com / Mike L ground. Often their actions bring real benefits for human communities too. Read on 8 Battersea Park Road It can be stopped. And everyone can Vole Monitoring Scheme, to to learn how your support is restoring balance, informing policy, protecting landscapes London SW8 4BG play a part. That’s why People’s Trust be launched in 2015. Watch and livelihoods and, of course, saving species. Thank you! ⚫ www.ptes.org for Endangered Species exists. this space for updates. [email protected] people’s 020 7498 4533 trust for Dr Amy-Jane Beer, Editor ane Find out more facebook.com/ptes.org endangered www.ptes.org twitter.com/AmyJaneBeer twitter.com/PTES species

Wildlife World 3 Your PTES Frontline

PTES PTES people LOVES Eco-nomy

Have you noticed that ecology and economy have the same root? Eco is from Oikos, the Greek for ‘home’. Hence ecology is the study of home, and economics is the management of it. The two are inextricably linked. As political parties jostle for pre-election position, Amy-Jane Beer otters: return to the river asks what they’re going to do about the real eco-nomy? Laurie Campbell & Anna Levin £14.99 (paperback) This beautiful book has been many ur friends at RSPB recently launched a campaign to subject to legal eradication efforts. An outrageous prospect. years in the making, but the results of push environmental issues up the political agenda, asking Environmental lawmaking should be about ecology, not photographer Laurie Campbell’s us to ‘Vote for Bob’, a chirpy red squirrel. Bob isn’t really economics. At its most asinine, the law can protect badgers with extraordinary patience and field Oa squirrel. Bob is a lapwing. Bob is any native bird you one arm, and shoot them (badly, as it turns out) with the other. craft are worth the wait! care to mention. Bob is a badger. Bob is habitat. Bob is the planet. It can flip the status of the common pheasant from non-native Bob wants you to use your vote in 2015 livestock at hatching to wild (read ‘native’ to show you care. By all means, support for purposes of the Infrastructure Bill) © I ain Green Bob, because your voice counts. But let’s so that it can be set free with millions of not pretend that would be job done. others into specially managed woodland As any campaigner will tell you, and, come 1st October, shot. If sheep Garden designer Tracy Foster’s fondness for hedgehogs nothing gets your view across better broke into your garden and wrecked it, than direct communication – be it a letter, the farmer would be liable. If pheasants resulted in the award-winning Hedgehog Street Garden an email, or a personal challenge to the do the same, well sorry, they are ‘wild’ at this year’s Hampton Court Palace Flower Show. We candidate on your doorstep. Prospective animals. However once dead, they deftly MPs don’t come to my door – we’re off the metamorphose into livestock again to asked what drew her to work with PTES and the British beaten track. But this time I’ll be seeking smooth the sale and export pathways

Hedgehog Preservation Society. hedgehogs them out. We should all do so, because for their meat. Those that escape the © iStockphoto.com / L eonard C Pat Morris we all know things they don’t, and guns are also reclassified, just in time to ne of my earliest memories is of a family of £14.99 (hardback) understand things they prefer to ignore. be rounded up for breeding. This legal hedgehogs visiting our Sheffield garden when Revised and updated, this classic The Infrastructure Bill passing the shapeshifting has nothing to do with OI was a small child and I’m sure it contributed from the Whittet British Natural History Lords this summer was ostensibly about ecology, and everything to do with to my lifelong fascination with wildlife and gardens. I realised that Series is the best introduction to planning. But it included other new stakeholder interests. Policy is powerful. When I heard that hedgehogs were struggling to hedgehog biology we know – a must legislation, some of it highly damaging It can, and will reassign the value placed survive because their habitats are being carved up gardeners have for every natural history bookshelf. to conservation, including reassigning on our wildlife – unless we make our by impenetrable boundaries I realised that gardeners, been unwittingly any species ‘not ordinarily and naturally informed opinions clear. designers and landscapers have been unwittingly resident in or visiting the UK’ as non- Government policy can, I’m not naïve enough to suggest making the problem worse. making things native. These include European beavers, and will, reassign the value politics hasn’t always been rife with When I found out that the Hedgehog Street project whose controlled reintroduction PTES vested interest. On the plus side, we was looking to create a show garden I immediately worse for has supported for years, and other placed on our wildlife, have freedom to point this out, and sent them my ideas and was lucky enough to be hedgehogs extinct natives such as lynx. It also unless we make our social media gives us a previously chosen. The garden was designed to show people how includes re-established and naturalised unimaginable power to challenge. easily they can help hedgehogs and still have a stylish species on Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and informed opinions clear A government of any colour should garden – and what better place than a garden show Countryside Act – red kites, large blue also be green – so it’s not about who to get the message across? butterflies, capercaillie, common cranes, wild boar, little owls, is elected, it’s about ensuring they all pay heed. I wouldn’t dream Producing the show garden was a fantastic white-tailed eagles, brown hares, cornflowers and corncockles, of telling anyone how to vote. But I do dream about ordinary experience, and I learnt so much about hedgehogs A message from choughs, corncrakes – even barn owls. Native vs non-native is a people like me confronting policymakers with the evidence along the way. It was wonderful to see how martha hot topic in conservation circles, but it’s a question as artificial as and insisting they act on it. I dream that we really are a nation enthusiastic the public are about making holes for Mark Avery national borders. Worryingly, a host of ecologically and culturally of animal lovers and I dream that educated common sense will hedgehogs to move between gardens and now I’m £16.99 (hardback) important species could find themselves unprotected – or even prevail in the future eco-nomics of our island home. ⚫ making sure that every garden I work on has a The thought-provoking story of the hedgehog hole or two! ⚫ passenger pigeon, a species extinct for 100 years, is far more than a lesson in history. Avery’s insights also have much Dr Amy-Jane Beer is a biologist, to say about conversation today . natural history writer, and editor Find out more about becoming a volunteer of Wildlife World magazine. www.ptes.org/volunteer

4 Wildlife World Wildlife World 5 Conservation news Conservation news

Amy-Jane Beer reviews some of the big recent At last – a ban on Nelson’s column shark fin trade

news stories for PTES and the wider field of © Natural History Museum conservation. A lot happens in six months, but Six species of shark and ray are now protected by international © E Wright Joining you can also find the latest atwww.ptes.org agreement.

Scottish Beaver Trial TES grant recipient Tess Gatan Balbas who are storing and dispensing the please try some of the other great the dots Pof the Mabuwaya Foundation has been tunnels and equipment to the volunteers. survey apps developed by our friends © iStockphoto.com / Shane Gross enters next phase awarded a WWF Whitley Award, known as Sites have been assigned to around 400 in conservation, including: Conservation is as much a ‘green Oscar’, for her work with one of volunteers, half of whom have confirmed ► Spider in da House (Society of Biology): about communication With five years of data to work the world’s rarest reptiles, the Philippine they can definitely survey their nearest site. record the huge, hairy house spiders from, the likely impact of beaver as practical action. crocodile. Tess (pictured below with Volunteers were sent the maps for their site that seem to flourish in autumn. Inspiring people to make restoration will soon be clear. PTES CEO Jill Nelson) will share £280,000 so that they could survey over the summer, ► iRecord Butterflies (Butterfly from WWF-UK with seven other winners, and into autumn. Meanwhile, we now have Conservation): learn to identify all British a difference is what will

© Shutterstock.com / Alexander E to continue her work communicating, over 32,250 Hedgehog Champions rallying species and automatically add sightings nhanced protection for several species count in the long run. educating, training, consulting and support nationwide and 825 new holes for to the national recording scheme. Eof shark and ray agreed last year by conducting public awareness campaigns. hedgehogs have already been recorded ► Mammal Tracker (The Mammal Society): the Convention of International Trade in So what better way to enlist public Four locally-designated crocodile on our national map. ⚫ identify resident British mammals Endangered Species (CITES) has come into interest and support in our hedgehog sanctuaries have already been established, with confidence and easily submit effect. The demand for fins for the fin soup campaign with our partners the British the crocodile population has increased from your records. ⚫ trade in China previously resulted in the Hedgehog Preservation Society than to rdbeer Citizen science 12 in 2001 to 109 in 2012, and the number of deaths of over 100 million sharks a year, win a gold medal in July for our Hedgehog croc killings by humans has decreased from steps up a gear Great results from and manta rays were also harvested for their Street garden at RHS Hampton Court he Scottish Beaver Trial, which PTES thirteen in 1998 to one in 2013. Sir David gills, used in traditional Chinese medicine. Flower Show? The publicity generated Monitoring how wildlife responds Tbegan supporting at the outset in 2009, Attenborough, a Trustee of the Whitley Carnivore Project The new regulations make it illegal to through appearances on BBC Gardeners reached the end of its five-year monitoring Fund for Nature, said: ‘Whitley Award to the changing built environment trade parts of manta ray, porbeagle, oceanic World, BBC Breakfast and umpteen phase this summer. At the end of the winners are successful because they don’t is vital to conservation. Real progress in our project white tip or three species of hammerhead radio, online and newsprint outlets was monitoring period there were 10 beavers just watch and measure – they act! They tackling human-wildlife conflict shark without a licence. The first arrests priceless for hedgehogs and led us to known to be living in the study area in are the conservation experts – not us – they in Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape. have already taken place in Indonesia, also win the People’s Choice Award voted Knapdale, Argyll, including two families know what to do and, more importantly, where three traders were caught trying by the public. So the message obviously of three and four, a breeding pair and a how to get it done.’ Congratulations Tess. ⚫ to sell a shipment of manta ray gills. It’s got home and we admit to feeling rather solitary adult male. Over the last five years, positive news, but the ban is not yet total, proud of ourselves and our hard work. these animals have increasingly won the Hope and glory for as the issuing of licences remains the hearts of the public, and the trial was voted prerogative of national authorities, and Meanwhile, some of you may have © Jenny Kingsland best UK conservation project of 2013 by hedgehog projects Denmark (on behalf of Greenland), Canada, noticed our completely revamped readers of BBC Countryfile magazine. The Guyana, Yemen, Iceland and Japan have all website – have a look if you haven’t animals will remain in situ while the project Our hedgehog work has found declared an intention to continue fishing seen it at www.ptes.org and let us the spotlight this summer, and © R is assessed and reported but their future is CP the listed species and trading between know what you think. A good website still uncertain. Scottish Natural Heritage is continues into the winter. t the end of June our Living with themselves. China, however, has not can inspire action, raise money and due to make a final decision next year on A Mammals survey completed its 12th n Tanzania, the PTES-funded Ruhua registered any reservation, so the ban reach vast numbers of people effectively. the future of beavers in Scotland, including season, continuing an unprecedented ICarnivore Project (RCP) has had notable will apply in the main market for shark Ours was due a refresh and we hope that the Knapdale trial and the unauthorised record of the wild mammals around our successes. RCP Director Amy Dickman of products, where demand is reported to our new site works better for the most population living on Tayside. ⚫ homes and workplaces. We received some Oxford University, WildCRU, reports that 10 be declining. ⚫ important people – our supporters and wonderful pictures of your wild neighbours. acres of land have been donated by Kitisi future supporters without whom we Mrs Kingsland from Sheffield sent us this villagers for a permanent RCP camp – a far couldn’t achieve anything. Thank you. ⚫ ‘Green Oscar’ for © Cetra Coverdale photo of a thirsty visitor to her garden pond cry from the suspicion that greeted the PTES crocodile hero (above) and opposite is a wood mouse project five years ago. RCP has awarded Dates for your diary: taking advantage of bird food provided by a new round of ‘Simba Scholarships’, 30th October 2014 The prestigious Whitley Awards Mrs Wright from Taunton. Our Mammals enabling five talented local children to Hedgehogs at Battersea Children’s Zoo 2014 recognised a talented n addition to the valuable publicity on Roads survey ended for the year on 30 continue education rather than leaving Get hands on with hedgehog themed arts conservationist working with PTES. generated by the Hedgehog Street garden September. We’re delighted with the level school to help support their families. The I and crafts at Battersea Park Children’s Zoo. (see Nelson’s column, opposite), our work of engagement this year and, with a new cause was helped further when RCP Lion Join in story-time and meet a real hedgehog! with the British Hedgehog Preservation website and smartphone apps, the survey is Guardians were instrumental in finding a Society has gained further momentum really going places. BBC Wildlife magazine local disabled boy who had become lost in 28th November & 12th December 2014 this year. Our National Hedgehog Survey rated it among the best citizen science the bush – the lost child was also recorded Starlings & Somerset levels wildlife safari featured on BBC Springwatch in June and apps available, and it featured as ‘App of on project camera traps among images of A day on the Somerset levels culminating there was an enormous response – almost the Week’ in The Sun newspaper. gazelles, cheetah, lion, leopards, caracals, in photographing the incredible million- Jill Nelson is the Chief Executive 2,000 volunteers wanted to get involved. We are not the only organisation elephants, aardvarks and an aardwolf. strong starling roost spectacular. of People’s Trust for Endangered Species. © PT E S We have so far recruited 32 regional harnessing the power of citizen science You can follow more of RCP’s work at Find out more coordinators across England and Wales, for wildlife. If you’ve ‘got the bug’, www.ruahacarnivoreproject.com ⚫ www.ptes.org/get-involved

6 Wildlife World Wildlife World 7 species focus species focus

Pine martens Pine martens to the rescue The handsome pine marten is the UK’s second rarest Might the pine martens living in Scotland’s carnivore – a sleek, sinuous streak of life usually only Galloway Forest Park be the salvation of another rare glimpsed for a second in the shadowy pine forests and charismatic native mammal, the red squirrel? of its stronghold areas in Scotland and Northern he Fleet Basin in Galloway Forest the pine martens might have for red Ireland. English and Welsh pine martens are Park is a designated Red Squirrel squirrel conservation in the area. so rare that a sighting makes the news, but TStronghold, managed by Forestry The monitoring will be non-invasive, Commission Scotland (FCS). Currently the relying on genotyping of hair samples we’re hoping that will change as forest resident red squirrels are threatened by collected in sticky bait tubes (pictured), management becomes more marten- encroaching grey squirrels carrying and scats gathered by skilled surveyors squirrel pox virus. However research in and two specially trained detection dogs. friendly. Meanwhile, PTES is funding Ireland by Dr Emma Sheehy has shown Longer-term efforts will make use of important work to improve our that pine martens can contribute to red 50 specially installed squirrel conservation by suppressing pine marten den knowledge of this elusive and grey squirrel populations. boxes of a new charismatic predator. PTES is funding a new collaborative lightweight design. project, involving FCS, Waterford Institute Checks of any boxes of Technology (WIT) and ecological occupied by breeding © Northshots / P consultants from Myotismart and Swift martens will provide

Ecology, aiming to record pine marten a valuable indication © Terry Whittaker presence and distribution in the Fleet of how the species ete C airns Basin, establish a long-term monitoring fares in the area programme and to see what relevance in future. ⚫ Running out of room in Ireland? Pine martens need plenty of space – and thanks to research funded by PTES and recently published, we now have a better idea how much.

eclan O’Mahony of the Agri-Food also has a core area that was used by no and Biosciences Institute of other. These relatively small core ranges DNorthern Ireland live-trapped (about 23% and 42.5% of the home range seven pine martens, fitted them with for males and females, respectively) are radio collars and tracked them for between vulnerable to the clear-felling practices four and 10 months. Their average annual currently favoured by the forestry home-ranges were plotted at 150.7 ha for industry, so perhaps it is little surprise males and a slightly smaller 90.2 ha for that the species is highly endangered in females. These ranges were stable from Northern Ireland. Declan estimates that season to season and, while there was the entire population might be no more some overlap between the ranges of than 320, with the Mourne Mountains neighbouring animals, each individual population a scarcely viable 23. ⚫

8 Wildlife World Wildlife World 9 PTES NEWS Meet the team PTES is run by 14 dedicated members of staff, guided by a board of trustees. Lauren and S teve are our mapping experts,

with skills vital for our various monitoring projects.

I © t’s A Wildlife / Michael Williams Michael / Wildlife A t’s Lauren Alexander Data and Mapping Officer Scrapbook I have enjoyed working in a variety of roles since joining PTES in 2009. I started out as a Mapping Officer on the Hedgerows for Dormice project, then e love hearing from PTES people, Mo on the move Jilly’s in good hands became Orchard Liaison Officer for a year before be they supporters or grant recipients. Primatologist Anna Nekaris has been When hedgehog carer Sue Kidger rescued a mother taking on a new permanent position as Data and W in touch with an update about Mo, hedgehog and her six tiny babies this summer, she Mapping Officer. I still work on the dormouse and the baby slow loris named after 2012 was worried the trauma of being disturbed on a orchard survey databases, but am also involved Pictures, reports, emails, web posts and letters Olympian Mo Farah at the suggestion building site and moved about by several different with hedgehogs, beetles and all the other work we do, and I’m responsible give a great sense of your passion for wildlife, of PTES supporters. Mo has grown up people might lead to the young being rejected at for ensuring that we share data effectively with others so that it is more and moved away from his natal range, less than two days old. But happily she turned out widely used to protect our wildlife. so please keep them coming! rather boldly heading to the forested to be not only a very healthy hedgehog, but also an flanks of a local volcano! excellent mum. Sue gives all her rescue hedgehogs names, and we were touched to learn that this Steve Oram Orchard Biodiversity Officer devoted mother has been dubbed ‘Jilly’, in honour My role at PTES is charged with protecting and of our CEO Jill Nelson. promoting an important Priority Habitat often viewed as merely a crop. As a child I loved to grow things, from house plants and cacti, to seeds I collected from interesting plants (apologies to Kew Gardens) and weeds that popped up in unusual places. I still harbour a secret penchant for Dear PTES succulents, but over the years nature has found its way to my heart via my stomach as my main interest has shifted to plants that can also be eaten. My sincere thanks for giving me the Following a stint in IT and another at college I pooled my resources and opportunity to attend the 3rd International joined the PTES orchard mapping project as a GIS specialist. My work is Conference of Primate Conservation in mostly orchard related, but I get involved with many other aspects of our work including dormouse monitoring and mapping for other projects. Indo-China at Cuc Phuong National Park, Headline news! I presented a paper on the PTES made a media splash this summer, including a great Vietnam. conservation status of western hoolock reaction to our award-winning Hedgehog Street garden . Jihoso Biswas, Conference of at Hampton Court with partners BHPS, some lovely coverage gibbons in Karbi Anglong, Assam Primate Conservation, Indo-China Make mine a prickly pint! of our new look in the design press, a 7-page feature on our I met primatologists from all over South Of many ways to support PTES, this might be the dormouse work in BBC Wildlife magazine, and another prize most convivial yet. This October, wildlife-friendly and Southeast Asia, learning much for our stand at BirdFair 2014. We won’t be resting on our about their work and about conservation beer company From the Notebook is launching laurels, though. The publicity is wonderful, but we’re . Western hoolock Hedgehog Auburn Ale, brewed at Welbeck Abbey working hard to turn it into results. priorities and trends in primate research gibbon Brewery. Available by the cask and in bottles from distributors Small Beer of Lincoln, ‘Hedgehog’ will

Best regards also feature at the 2014 Nottingham Beer Festival.

P Lucas / hutterstock.com S We love our fantastic fundraisers: Jihoso Biswas © A donation to PTES will be made for every bottle sold. An ideal Christmas stocking filler! Cheryl Wilde and her friends Jean, Lynn and Val came up trumps once again, raising £300 with their tombola stall at

the 2014 Maidenhead Duck Derby. Thank you ladies! hoto Publications /PTES /ptes.org Latest publications from PTES projects Favourites from Twitter Favourites from Facebook Fontúrbel, F. E. et al; How forest marsupials are affected by habitat degradation @Beachy71: my hedgehog hole Juvenile male dormouse from and fragmentation? A meta-analysis (monito del monte) for @hedgehogsociety. @PTES this year’s Nottinghamshire Naturwissenschaften (2014) 101:599–602 That wasn’t too difficult! reintroduction. He was very #hedgehogstreet feisty! Lorna Griffiths Candia, A. B. et al; Indirect positive effects of a parasitic plant on host @NigelSymes @Warm glow, first pollination and seed dispersal (monito del monte) #hoghole mapped in #Bedford ShareGift, the share donation charity, Oikos doi: 10.1111/oik.01353 has generously donated £1,000 to us. on hedgehogstreet.ptes.org North Lambeth’s Inner City Players They’re a unique charity who specialise Newson. S. et al; raised £655 with their Alice in in accepting donations of shares which 200 water shrew bait tubes Bat monitoring: a novel approach Wonderland production. Thank you, are not worth selling on their own. We ready to be put out! Thanks British Wildlife April 2014 pp264 – 269 and what a lovely dormouse! think it’s a brilliant idea and are really PTES, for funding my project! (see also page 17) grateful! To find about more about Esther F. Kettel ShareGift, visit www.sharegift.org 10 Wildlife World Wildlife World 11 OUR WORK with Primates OUR WORK with Primates update Hoolock gibbons Bale vervets The problems facing this rare New insights into the life primate in northeastern India, of a little-known Ethiopian Myanmar and Bangladesh are monkey offer some reasons Primate familiar, but our response is tailor-made. to be hopeful for its future. Of 630 recognised species and subspecies ore than 80% of the remaining Western hoolock gibbons ntil recently this elusive monkey was believed to be of primate, over half are at risk of extinction. live in Assam, on the south bank of the Brahmaputra River, confined to highland bamboo forests in Ethiopia’s Bale Mand this is where we’re helping Jiohsuo Biswas conduct Umountains. But recent work by Addisu Mekonnen of Most are disappearing without anything the first ever baseline study of Western hoolock gibbon ecology, in Addis Ababa University has shown that they also survive in small being done. We are helping as many as the district of Karbi Anglong. The region incorporates a cluster of fragments of forest elsewhere, including some where bamboo wildlife sanctuaries, reserve forests and proposed reserve forests was eradicated decades ago. While the monkeys consume we can – and often this means carrying and has huge conservation potential not only for gibbons, but also bamboo almost exclusively where it is available, in the fragmented out basic ecological studies of animals for tigers, leopards, elephants, and rhinos. But these forests face forests their diet is relatively species-rich. They also use larger enormous anthropogenic pressure too, including severe habitat loss home ranges and raid crops, resulting in conflict with local previously neglected by science. In all and fragmentation, human encroachment and hunting. people. While the vervets may adapt well to changing resources, cases, conservation requires the support Frontline forest staff lack training and supportive infrastructure this advantage may be negated by conflict with humans. and morale is poor. Local communities have little awareness of the The long-term prospects for the species remain unclear. ⚫ of local human communities – and we’re problems facing wildlife and lack confidence in conservationists. working hard on that too. This has to change, and Jihosuo’s work is badly needed. With concrete information on gibbon population, habitat status and threats, he will be able to recommend a strategy both staff and communities can have faith in, build capacity and confidence

© S hutterstock.com / B Pichet in frontline staff and boost awareness among local people. The result will be an © A nagaw A inclusive approach to conservation combining biological research, strategy planning, capacity building, community tickem education and outreach. ⚫ Bengal slow lorises Lorises try hard to be inconspicuous, but out of sight has Bonobos also meant out of mind in conservation terms. In parts of Tracking the least known India, that is now beginning to change. endangered of the great apes. egal slow lorises suffer a continuous onobos are restricted to an area of lowland tropical forest threat from hunting, illegal trade, Despite the highest legal approximately 500,000 km2, all within the Democratic Bsuperstitious killing and habitat protection available, lorises BRepublic of Congo (DRC). This is a vast area (roughly the destruction, and are predicted to decline size of Spain), but much of it is difficult to access, let alone survey by more than 30% in the next three continue to be hunted effectively, and the bonobos are thinly spread. generations over their entire Southeast Keeping track of the apes and the problems they face Asian range. Despite the highest legal In a new PTES project, Nabajit Das is is virtually impossible using traditional field techniques. protection available in India, Bengal lorises investigating the species’ status and current But technology is changing things. PTES funded ecologist continue to be hunted for sport or traded hunting and trade threats, and starting new Alain Lushimba of the African Wildlife Foundation and as food, traditional medicine and pets. loris conservation programmes in Kamlang the wildlife conservation authority of the DRC to set about Legal protection is rarely enacted because Wildlife Sanctuary and Namdapha National establishing an accurate picture of the situation within one of a lack of specific information about the Park in Arunachal Pradesh. These will both

© i S important area, the Lomako-Yokokala Faunal Reserve. Local threats and their impacts on the population. involve local communities and policy tockphoto.com / E rangers have been trained in the use of CyberTrackers – robust, Aside from a handful of distribution records makers. This approach will be the first of its The largest of the lorises is still handheld computers with specialist recording software and and a survey in 2010 showing lorises to be kind to provide the species’ status, enable small by primate standards GPS. The data gathered will be used to develop evidence-based worryingly thin on the ground in Assam, capacity building for the forest personnel Das Nabajit © njoy Life conservation strategies to turn the tide in favour of bonobos no research has been conducted on the and address the cultural drivers behind in this important landscape and beyond. ⚫ species in India. the hunting of lorises in the region. ⚫

12 Wildlife World Wildlife World 13 OUR WORK with Primates OUR WORK with Primates

All in a day’s work Working in the IAR orangutan rescue centre is Orangutans difficult but rewarding, says vetChristine Nelson.

Care of the orangutans takes place 24 hours a day, Living on borrowed time? seven days a week. Shortly after sunrise, caretakers begin monitoring and medicating the animals, Sometimes the battle to save a species is fought one animal and preparing food. Transporting the babies and at a time. Gail Campbell-Smith reports on IAR Indonesia juveniles from their enclosures to their forest playground is a major task. They are intelligent, Left & bottom:Left © Y IA R I . Right: Foundation’s efforts to return Bornean orangutans to the mischievous and like to explore. Just keeping track forests and ease conflict between wild apes and humans. of them is tricky! The keepers clean and disinfect cages, prepare environmental enrichment, and collect leaves. Out in the forest the caretakers LEFT: Mature male orangutans are distinguished record behaviour and teach the orangutans © S hutterstock.com / Kjersti Joergensen by cheek pads, or flanges, and an ability to make survival skills such as climbing, nest-building, and the ‘long call’, which reverberates around the © Gail A ngela © Gail Campbell S mith forest, repelling rivals and advertising to females. foraging. At the end of a long day of heat, rain and RIGHT: Female orangutans rear one young mosquitoes, the last chore is to account for every every eight years – the longest breeding interval orangutan. But if the animals are in a playful of any ape. mood, this bedtime routine can take a long time!

ur closest living relatives are aptly cages, barely able to move. The lucky In June, the arrival of two new and in 2013 we established the first named – orangutan means ‘person ones may eventually reach one of several orangutans, Obi and Muria, brought Human-Orangutan-Conflict Response Team of the forest’. But those forests are rehabilitation centres throughout Indonesia, Fact File the number of animals rescued by IAR in West Kalimantan. As well as rescuing Odwindling at an unsustainable like that run by the IAR Indonesia Indonesia Foundation since 2009 to 100. orangutans from the wild or captivity and rate. Active conservation is all that stands Foundation (a partner of International Species name Far from being a cause for celebration, this encouraging law enforcement by the between these two species and extinction. Animal Rescue). We operate a rescue, Pongo pygmaeus milestone illustrates the desperate plight Natural Resources Conservation Agency The Indonesian province of West rehabilitation and reintroduction centre of orangutans in Borneo and the ongoing (BKSDA), the team conducts socio-economic Common name Kalimantan occupies much of the western for orangutans in Ketapang, West threats to their survival. The huge influx surveys with agricultural and forest-edge Bornean orangutan segment of the great island of Borneo. Kalimantan. Our objective is to return of orangutans into rescue centres is a big communities to get to grips with the issues Here there are two sub-species of Bornean ex-captive orangutans to a true forest life. Distinguishing features source of concern for all conservation that drive HOC. They arrange community orangutan. Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus Rehab and reintroduction programmes not Large ape with long powerful arms and groups, organisations and individuals. meetings, school lectures, puppet shows, is the most endangered, while Pongo only provide a solution to the immediate short legs; hands and feet adapted for If we don’t act and do something now, conservation camping events and film pygmaeus wurmbii although more problem of displaced orangutans, but can climbing, with long digits, thumbs and soon it will be too late. showings delivered by our amazing pedal numerous, is also also help to boost big toes opposable; body covered in long powered cinema. Local people are threatened and The centres are numbers in the red-brown hair, except for face; dominant So what else can we do? welcomed to open days at the rescue suffering heavy wild, increase males have wide cheek flanges. It’s clear that while rescuing individual centre to learn about orangutan ecology, declines. It’s a bleak always full. Yet the the viability of orangutans is vitally important work, it is conservation and the role of protected Habits picture for both. populations in not a long-term solution. IAR Indonesia areas. For many it’s a first chance to see influx of animals Highly arboreal, spending majority of life Deforestation, human areas where Foundation’s first priority therefore, is to orangutans in a non-threatening situation. in trees; adults generally solitary except encroachment into continues orangutans reduce the number of orangutans needing Perhaps most importantly, IAR Indonesia mothers with young; diet comprises orangutan habitats might be at risk our help. Currently, about 75% of known Foundation is working in HOC hotspots seasonal fruit, with leaves, shoots, insects, and hunting continue to erode wild of extinction or inbreeding and even orangutan distribution lies outside to engage young farmers to patrol honey and birds eggs; highly intelligent, populations, while those that remain find create new sustainable populations in protected areas. Understanding whether and monitor their own farmlands and exhibits tool use and cultural traits. themselves increasingly at odds with local areas where the resident orangutans and how such landscapes might be community lands, turning potential people. Orangutans that start to visit have been previously wiped out. life history incorporated into conservation strategies orangutan killers or kidnappers into paid agricultural lands are viewed as pests by The problem with this is that suitable Young usually born singly after 9 is crucial for the future of these apes. conservationists and spreading messages farming communities and managers of release sites in protected areas are hard to month gestation, first breed at 15 years; Most orangutan captures or killings within their communities. commercial plantations (such as palm oil). find. Maintaining habitat for orangutans Top & left: © S hutterstock.com / Kjersti Joergensen live 30 – 40 years in the wild. occur because of habitat destruction, By working with an array of stake

So-called human-orangutan conflict (HOC) is seen as less profitable than other land the costs imposed on local agricultural holders using many different media and Habitat & Distribution inevitably increases as natural habitats uses. Meanwhile, the centres are always and forest-edge communities and the a genuinely cooperative approach, we are Primary and mature secondary forests dwindle and orangutans are routinely full and the influx of animals continues. perception that orangutans are dangerous creating a safer future for both orangutans of Borneo; range now patchy. captured or killed as they cross plantations The number of rescued, wild-born animals and worth more dead than alive. Local and people in local agricultural and to find food. When adult females are killed is now a significant proportion of the entire Conservation Status people often don’t understand the forest-edge communities. Our ultimate their infants are often sold in the illegal world’s orangutan population, and unless Endangered (IUCN) connection between the purchase of an goal, and that of many other rescue centres wildlife pet trade. Many individuals find we can find more release areas, a great orangutan via the illegal wildlife trade and across the orangutan’s range, is one day themselves chained up in backyards or in many of them face a lifetime in captivity. biodiversity decline. This has to change, to be empty. ⚫

14 Wildlife World Wildlife World 15 PTES IN ACTION PTES IN ACTION

endangered More action Norfolk bat survey With PTES help, hundreds of amateur and volunteer bat surveyors for dormice have contributed to a ground-breaking study. Stuart Newson reports. © John Webley ith developments in passive Our efforts to secure a future for hazel dormice Left: Equipment in Britain continue apace in 2014. bat detectors and software that Over half a million available from the Wautomatically captures and BTO’s Norfolk Bat bat recordings will Monitoring Centres n June this year, 40 captive bred In September, PTES Grants Manager analyses the sound files containing bat allows anyone to individuals were successfully Nida Al-Fulaij and Dormouse Officer calls, there is the potential to collect and be analysed by the be a bat surveyor.

I reintroduced to Eaton Wood in Ian White joined 90 attendees from 14 analyse enormous volumes of high quality Below: Bats like Newson Stuart © Nottinghamshire, close to last year’s countries at the ninth international data regarding these previously tricky end of the season this pipistrelle can be identified by their release site at Treswell Wood. This new dormouse conference on the island of mammal subjects. ultrasonic calls. approach of releasing animals close to Funen in central Denmark. Travelling However, whilst technology has Over the course of 2013, members of the other reintroduced populations will give from as far afield as Japan, Iran and South moved on, the considerable cost of the public surveyed 4,481 km squares, resulting the population an even better chance of Africa, researchers, conservationists and equipment tends to restrict its use. With in 1,344 complete nights of surveying and becoming firmly established. The release volunteers came together for four days to PTES funding, my team at the British generating over a quarter of a million bat attracted plenty of media attention, share ideas, hear about the most recent Ready to go -- dormice were ‘soft Trust for Ornithology (BTO) in Norfolk are recordings. With over 800 people signing including a seven-page feature in August’s research and discuss future plans. The released’ still in their nest boxes working with other organisations and local up to take part in 2014, it is expected that BBC Wildlife magazine. PTES has been conference included a field trip to see a libraries to set up Bat Monitoring Centres. over half a million bat recordings will be © Shutterstock.com / Stephen Farhall

monitoring dormice and reintroducing Danish wildlife bridge spanning both Upton Nick © Anyone can borrow a passive detector analysed by the end of this season. This them to parts of their range from which a single and dual carriageway to connect for a few days to find out what bats are includes several species, such as Nathusius’ they have been lost for 25 years. The two large tracts of woodland, and a chance present in their local area. We hoped to pipistrelle for which there were previously reintroduction scheme was subject to a to meet Danish foresters and landowners. ⚫ tap into people’s enthusiasm for bats only a handful of records for the county. ⚫ recent review commissioned by Natural and citizen science, and the response Find out more Find out more England, the report of which can be www.natural england.org.uk/publications was fantastic. www.batsurvey.org downloaded free. (search term – NECR144) Noble chafers – our orchard flagship species Tall stalks for harvest mice They may be small, but what’s good for these beautiful beetles is also good for The clue is in the name – harvesting is an important part of habitat a host of other special wildlife sharing their traditional orchard habitat. management for these tiny rodents – but that’s not all. longside scientists from Birmingham, an impact on the viability of populations. Royal Holloway and Aberystwyth Researchers have extracted We are also creating a synthetic replica ast intensification of agriculture is thought to be behind A universities, PTES is involved in a noble chafer DNA from of the natural larval pheromone which the apparent reduction of suitable nesting places for harvest Habitat unique piece of research to help one of is thought to help female beetles find a Pmice in Britain. PTES Intern Ali North spent five months variety is Britain’s most striking and rare beetles, their distinctive droppings, suitable breeding site. This will improve investigating the effects of farmland management, hedgerow the noble chafer. known as frass our understanding of what makes a good quality and set aside land. key for The project brings together a range tree for noble chafers to breed in, and thus Ali found that land use, hedge density and the presence of allowing of disciplines to learn more about noble help us to manage areas of potentially grasses like cock’s-foot and Yorkshire fog, used for nest construction, harvest chafer ecology, as well as exploring how good habitat in a suitable way. all influence the presence and number of harvest mouse nests. and why we should preserve traditional Much has already been achieved No nests were found in grazed fields, so further analysis looked at mice to orchards, the beetle’s habitat. To date, over through your support for this otherwise explaining nest abundance in cut set-aside fields only. The time thrive 24 hours of recorded interviews have been neglected species, and we will keep you since the field was last cut emerged as the most significant factor analysed, giving a valuable insight into informed of future discoveries. in predicting the number of nests. why people love orchards, how they are Meanwhile, there are several ways you Of course the needs of all farmland species have to be considered managed and how they can be conserved. can help, for example by volunteering to in land management. Tall herbaceous vegetation may most suit We’ll be looking more deeply into the survey a local orchard, reporting sightings breeding harvest mice, but a mixture of habitat management will noble chafer’s genetic variability and how of noble chafers (with an accompanying benefit farmland biodiversity as a whole. While uncut fields populations differ. Researchers have photograph please) or sending in larval will help harvest mice to build nests, nearby cut fields will obtained noble chafer DNA from their droppings for analysis. ⚫ provide them and other farmland species with good foraging. distinctive droppings, known as frass. Habitat variety is key for allowing harvest mice to thrive. ⚫ © Ben Andrew© Ben © Adam Bates This will be analysed to show if different Find out more populations are linked and whether the www.ptes.org/orchards distribution or patchiness of orchards has [email protected]

16 Wildlife World Wildlife World 17 PTES IN ACTION PTES IN ACTION

here is a crucial, narrow corridor elusive to quantify their density although human encroachment into the forest of land left on the Malaysian evidence was found of a breeding female. and presented the findings to the Sultan Tpeninsular that is home to leopards, Not only does this work confirm the and the Chief Minister – key decision tigers and clouded leopards. If the land is corridor as a vital habitat for big cats, makers in the State of Terengganu – to fragmented, as is threatened, these highly the data found will be used as a baseline lobby for the corridor and surrounding endangered big cats will be immediately against which further monitoring data can area to be protected. The response was isolated and face imminent extinction. be compared so that future management encouraging and the signs are good. To get the land legally protected we need of the area can be checked. Further cameras were provided by the Above: Camera traps evidence of these secretive creatures to As well as the presence of the rare government for surveillance. The process offer the best chance show to the authorities. animals, it became obvious that humans of getting land protected in the Malaysian of recording tigers where they are so We funded Laurie Hedges and were regularly trespassing into the Peninsular is quite complicated and thin on the ground. Reuben Clements to set up 130 camera surrounding forest, managing to get involves several government agencies LEFT AND RIGHT: traps through the themselves snapped so the cameras will collect further proof Big Melanistic leopards special corridor 94 times by the of big cat presence for targeting the Top: © iStockphoto.com / Ricardo Reitmeyer. & right: Left © Rueben Clements can look almost If the land is completely black to to prove how vital camera traps as forestry department and others. the naked eye (right) the area is before fragmented, these well as being seen As this is the first time that any but their unique it’s too late. The in person by the camera trapping study has managed spot patterns show up clearly under cameras revealed highly endangered research team. This to provide an estimate of leopard infra red (left). a density of three big cats will face illegal activity was population density in Malaysia, and Cat leopards and 2.64 reported. A poacher for any species of melanistic leopard, clouded leopards imminent extinction was arrested on the team are recommending use of per 100 km2 and one occasion and the method elsewhere. It should work We are making sure that the elusive demonstrated that on another an particularly well where melanistic melanistic (dark or black) leopards can be enforcement team raided their camp. leopards form a substantial percentage big cats of Malaysian forests are no individually recognised with confidence The team took the monitoring data and of the population, as is the case in Java Corridor longer out of sight and out of mind. using infrared pictures. Tigers remained too other evidence showing the high levels of and across mainland Southeast Asia. ⚫ Living with the Strange but Ethiopian wolf wonderful Helping hirolas The conflict between people Evaluating the status and Ethiopian wolves could of Armenia’s threatened Why has the hirola become sub-saharan Africa’s most endangered soon be over. desert reptiles. threatened antelope, and what can be done about it?

ith a population hovering around 500, Ethiopian wolves rmenia is home to 59 of the 110 species of reptiles and irola may be the world’s most Over-grazing by livestock has a great are one of the world’s most threatened dog species. amphibians found in the Caucasus region. The only true endangered antelope, with possibly impact on the vegetation and changes the WSince 1988 the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme A desert in the area, the Gorovan Sands, was given Has few as 600 surviving in the wild. faunal diversity of the area. Suppression of (EWCP) run by the University of Oxford’s Wildlife Conservation protection in 1959 but sand-mining and livestock grazing still In the last four decades their numbers have natural wild fires by the local pastoralists Research Unit, has been working to protect those that remain. threaten the vulnerable species that live there. With PTES funds, crashed, primarily as a consequence of is preventing the natural regeneration of With earlier help from PTES, EWCP extended its operations from Levon Agasyan has been working to gather important data on disease in the 1980s. Hirola were probably the grasslands that hirola require. The the Bale Mountains (home to the largest surviving population of three key species that depend on this semi-arid landscape. always rare and restricted to a very small local extinction of elephants has also

about 300 wolves) into the Northern Highlands, where wolves Toad-headed agamas – strange but beautiful lizards – can live © ShutterstockLeft: / Marek Velechovsky. Middle & right: © Levon Agasyan geographical range in eastern Kenya and had a dramatic effect. In the 1970s the live in more scattered populations. for up to four years, laying two or three clutches of eggs a year. southwestern Somalia, so the recent losses region supported an elephant herd These thinly spread wolf groups live alongside human But 80% of their habitat has been lost in just over 10 years. Levon have hit the species extra hard. 8,000 strong. The elephants played a populations and are at greatest risk of extinction due to habitat spent a year mapping and studying agamas, Transcaucasian Over the past couple of years PTES key part in maintaining the landscape, loss and degradation. As local biodiversity declines, the wolves’ race-runners (another lizard species) and spur-thighed tortoises has been helping ecologist Abdullah Ali especially keeping the number of prey base dwindles and they increasingly target livestock, leading so he could recommend which areas to fence and how best to of the National Museums of Kenya to assess trees down. Without the elephants, The Critically Endangered hirola has to conflict with pastoralists. We have recently awarded a grant captive breed these animals to ensure a better future for them. ⚫ what’s happening. He has found it to be a trees are establishing themselves and declined by 80% since the 1970s

for EWCP, which they will use complicated story. Hirola feed on the turning what was once grassland © ©

to increase local awareness grasses and herbaceous flowering plants into a very woody habitat, unsuitable Ali H Abdullahi of environmental problems, that grow on open, grass-dominated for grazers like the hirola. demonstrate the importance savannahs. However, this landscape has Hirola need help, and thanks to of biodiversity and set up a been changing fast in recent years, and Abdullah’s work, we now know a lot © A Harrington permanent monitoring system Abdullah has been investigating three key more about the problems they face, to keep track of the remaining Toad-headed Transcaucasian Spur-thighed factors which might be contributing to so that the action we take will help wolves in the area. ⚫ agama race-runner tortoise the hirola’s plight. this charismatic species. ⚫

18 Wildlife World Wildlife World 19 PTES IN ACTION PTES IN ACTION

And there’s more! We don’t have In search of the elusive room to tell you about every project, but your donations Ethiopian nyala have also been supporting...

Helping a rare highland antelope in one of Bawean warty pigs the world’s great mountain wildernesses.

he Ethiopian highlands are a There may only be 4,000 nyala left in the magical place, home to many wild. So, PTES is working with Anagaw Tanimals not found anywhere else. Atickem to find out where populations One of these is the beautiful mountain exist, count them and come up with a © Iing Iryantoro nyala – a huge chestnut coloured antelope plan for their future protection. This is no that lives only in high altitude woodlands. mean feat. Anagaw will be covering an area Crepuscular, like many deer and antelope, over 17,00km2, using dung pellet counts to nyalas live alone or in small groups. They identify where nyalas are present and then Until recently, the warty pigs of Bawean, breed slowly – each female has only one creating a map of the areas that they use. a small island off Java, were thought to © Anagaw Atickem calf at a time after a nine month gestation, This will be used to define a robust © Bryony Manley be extinct. Then in late 2013 a team of which she nurtures for up to two years. conservation plan. ⚫ Indonesian researchers confirmed the species’ continued existence. But these animals have no protection, and are hunted as pests along with wild boar. PTES is funding urgent fieldwork by Protecting Bear patrol researchers from the Bawean Endemics Dolphins in Conservation Initiative and Oxford Brookes University to assess the status Russian brings deep water of the species. ⚫ Humpback dolphins butterflies good news So little is known about the charismatic Risso’s dolphin, A British approach to butterfly How DNA analysis of faecal samples its conservation status is uncertain. Earlier this year, monitoring is helping invertebrate from the Iranian Caucasus gives hope Bryony Manley was awarded a PTES internship to conservationists in Russia. for Syrian brown bears. study this mysterious species. © Gill Braulik

o-one can deny the beauty of butterflies. But as well as ith funds from PTES, isso’s dolphins are unusual looking disappointingly frequent occurrence their aesthetic and intrinsic value, their presence indicates Ehsan Moqanaki creatures with a beakless face and in the middle of the Irish Sea! But they Na healthy habitat for invertebrates generally, many of Wtravelled to the Roften extensive white scarring across are relatively new technology and not The Indian Ocean humpback dolphin which are vital prey for birds and bats. Iranian Caucasus to look their grey bodies. They are the fifth largest extensively tried and tested, so I’m working was only recognised as a distinct species Conservationist Svetlana Goloshchapova of Bryansk University for highly endangered dolphin in the world, with a general to assess their usefulness in the waters in 2013 and it remains so new, its is helping our fight to prevent the extinction of three of the most brown bears, once found preference for offshore, deeper water around the Isle of Man. In good conditions, conservation status is impossible to threatened butterflies in the Bryansk region of Russia: large blues, throughout the Middle East. habitats, and thus I can watch the gauge. With PTES funding, Gillian Braulik Danube clouded yellows and false ringlets. Illegal killings and rarely seen from Risso’s dolphins are C-POD locations of the Wildlife Conservation Society is

A search revealed new localities for Danube clouded yellows widespread loss of habitat Riedel Christian © shore. In mid-June from land. My setting out to establish how many are and large blues, but false ringlets appear confined to just a single now confines these I began my PTES- recorded regularly in visual records left in the waters off Tanzania.⚫ remaining spot. Local children are now learning about the need to magnificent creatures funded project Manx waters, sometimes will reinforce the preserve these butterfly havens and the grasslands and bogs that to small patches of their to study Risso’s acoustic data they favour through special butterfly clubs. And landowners are original mountain home. Forest is cut down for locals dolphins off the Isle with very young calves collected as we try Neotropical otters adopting butterfly friendly to graze their livestock and any perceived or real conflict of Man with Manx to build a picture Jimena Guerrero-Flores used DNA from management practices. is dealt with by killing the bears. Whale and Dolphin Watch, a small of Risso’s dolphin presence. The species is scat samples to study neotropical otter The first national monitoring It’s really hard to work out how many bears might survive by organisation working voluntarily to recorded regularly in Manx waters, and populations. While those in the South scheme for butterflies in Russia observation alone, so Ehsan and his team trialled a new method, research and conserve marine mammals. sometimes with very young calves in the Pacific and Atlantic coasts appear to be © Svetlana Goloshchapova is now underway, based on the collecting bear droppings and extracting the DNA. Inviting local My project uses two acoustic devices, summer months, so this area appears to be doing quite well, genetic diversity of the established British model, residents and rangers to help, the team covered more than called C-PODs, to detect the echolocation important to them. It’s early days yet, but North Pacific population is worryingly and five new, protected Prime 200km of trails, collecting over 100 samples. Of these, only 45 clicks of dolphins and porpoises. C-PODs this work should really help to improve the low. Based on these findings, Jimena’s Butterfly Areas will keep their were in good enough condition for analysis but they turned out are potentially very useful as they operate knowledge of this under-researched and report proposes a set of specific habitat safe for the future. ⚫ to come from 31 individual bears – great news. The technique will continuously, even in bad weather when interesting species. I can’t wait to download conservation actions to help safeguard False ringlet butterfly now be used to monitor the bears long-term. ⚫ visual surveying is not possible – a the acoustic data and see what I’ve found! ⚫ the otters’ future. ⚫

20 Wildlife World Wildlife World 21 DO IT Yourself DO IT Yourself

Whether your tastes are traditional or modern, choose excellent nectar and pollen plants Top tips from Go chemical free that the wildlife Food and water PTES Hedgehog Officer will appreciate as Henry Johnson. If the National Trust can do it at much as you do. One of the joys of hedgehogs 03 Hidcote Manor Gardens, so can 07 is their tolerance of people. DIY everybody else. Using chemicals in the Undeterred by noise and security lights, garden is completely unnecessary – and hedgehogs will come to food provided bad news for hedgehogs. If the slugs are for them and can be viewed from the © David Cooper particularly bad, try wool pellets or warmth of the living room. Meaty cat or nematode treatments (a form of ‘biological dog food, unsalted nuts and mealworms Hedgehog control’). The biodiversity value of lawns are all ideal. In drier months, don’t forget is also under-appreciated – the lower the to provide water as well.

percentage of grass the better. Avoiding © Iain Green fertilizers and herbicides will encourage Chat to your neighbours. flowering herbs that can tolerate close Friendly Hedgehogs need access to mowing eg bugel, yarrow, clovers and hundreds of different gardens possibly bird’s-foot trefoil. to survive so the more local Flowering plants people that know about Garden their habits, the better. Nectar and pollen are key energy 05 sources for the invertebrates that hedgehogs eat. A diversity of herbaceous

Fresh from our award-winning Hedgehog Street garden with the British Privacy, pets and plants will also produce lots of different © Melanie Powell Melanie © types of caterpillars – a real hedgehog Hedgehog Preservation Society at Hampton Court Flower Show, here neighbourly relations Feeding hedgehogs are our tips for cutting-edge hedgehog horticulture. No garden can be a favourite. Avoid traditional bedding is a responsibility hilst birds, bats and bees are free plants such as begonias or other style- the whole family can good ‘hedgehog garden’ in isolation – connectivity is key. Encouragingly enjoy. Don’t forget Wto peruse even the most isolated over-substance varieties bred for purely to clear away any

though, any style of garden can be great for hedgehogs , and you can gardens, helping hedgehogs involves visual display, as these have often lost their leftovers before they

mith S add value by incorporating features that will benefit prickly visitors, speaking to your neighbours and Enriched soils tend Nikki © nectar and pollen producing faculties. go off, and wash food to suit a limited bowls regularly. while ensuring hazards are minimised. Pretty much all of it is easy as pie. thinking about your local landscape. range of dominant Hedgehogs need access to hundreds plants. Limiting fertility gives a of gardens to survive, so there’s always much wider range © Joanne Edwards Build an open style more you can do to help them. Keep of plants a chance If you’re collecting Piles o’ logs compost crate with to thrive in the mix. garden waste for an eye out for people replacing fences burning or for Thanks to untreated timber our Hedgehog Far better than buying a pre-made at a fraction of the and make sure they or their contractors bonfire night, make 2 sure you move or Champions for 01 hedgehog house, a log pile provides cost of fancy covered add a hole. 13cm is big enough for submitting check through the both food and shelter for hedgehogs, versions. It’ll be any hedgehog, and too small for dogs. their photos. easier to use, and Untidy corner pile in its entirety all year round. The type of wood doesn’t better for wildlife. Adding a small piece of piping to it will before lighting it. Bottom left: Global P. Bottom right: Allocricetulus Middle left: Goldfinch. Middle right: U rosh Petrovic © i S really matter, but bigger is better, so dissuade cats. If your fence has a concrete Formal gardens can be very On the menu tonight tockphoto.com Top left: Alasdair James. Top right: Comarlindo incorporate as many large logs as you can gravel board, dig a small scrape under it. 04 wildlife-friendly, but try to have manage. The pile will provide habitat for Try and ensure each of your boundaries one corner where you don’t do too much Hedgehogs will repay a thoughtful beetles, millipedes, earwigs, slugs and is permeable for hedgehogs. gardening. Plant some perennial species gardener’s hospitality many times frogs – all food for hedgehogs. Periodically (eg honeysuckle, teasel, red campion) and over with their 100% natural pest

top up the pile with fresh logs as the older then leave them to their own devices for Wilks Oliver © control services. ones rot, and bury a couple at the base the year. Many invertebrates need standing of the pile to provide habitat for stag vegetation to overwinter in – for example © R

beetles too. on Wall grasshoppers – and the ‘hogs will like it too. Remove hazards Millipedes Earwigs There are many potential hazards 06 for hedgehogs in the modern garden. Netting easily snags their prickles, Composting so avoid using it and use rigid structures to Research has shown that hedgehogs protect soft fruit and veg instead. Ponds 02 prefer to use medium-sized leaves © wildstory.co.uk / Amy-Jane Beer need escape routes and empty drain holes Caterpillars As well as helping hedgehogs, a stack of from deciduous trees, such as oak or beech, Pledge to make a hole for should be blocked up. If you are about to © Iain Green

logs in a quiet corner to make their hibernation nests. Compost cut an area of long vegetation, thoroughly

ichard Green ichard R hedgehogs today © will harbour a host of heaps that are open to the elements are also check it first as hedgehogs don’t run away wildlife, from wood eating grubs to fungi better for encouraging insect life – and will from the sound of a machine. Keep an eye and hibernating save you tons of money on compost. Just Find out more on the postie too – discarded elastic bands amphibians. be careful not to spike any residents when hedgehogstreet.ptes.org are a disaster waiting to happen for Snails and slugs Beetles you turn the pile. hedgehogs and have cost many lives.

22 Wildlife World Wildlife World 23 © Shutterstock.com / Justin Russ

The human race managed to drive Britain’s beavers to extinction by hunting them for their fur, food and medicinal properties. We are proud of the part we played in the trial beaver reintroduction to Knapdale in Scotland. Mindful of the fate of beavers, we are re-doubling our efforts to save hedgehogs, dormice and water voles – all much-loved but endangered British animals – before it’s too late. Your support is vital. Thank you.

people’s trust for endangered species