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The Bee Fauna of Large Parks in Downtown Paris, France Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.) International Journal of Entomology ISSN: 0037-9271 (Print) 2168-6351 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tase20 The bee fauna of large parks in downtown Paris, France Benoît Geslin, Violette Le Féon, Michael Kuhlmann, Bernard E. Vaissière & Isabelle Dajoz To cite this article: Benoît Geslin, Violette Le Féon, Michael Kuhlmann, Bernard E. Vaissière & Isabelle Dajoz (2016): The bee fauna of large parks in downtown Paris, France, Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.) To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2016.1146632 Published online: 11 Apr 2016. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tase20 Download by: [Aix-Marseille Université], [Benoit Geslin] Date: 11 April 2016, At: 08:29 Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.), 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2016.1146632 The bee fauna of large parks in downtown Paris, France Benoît Geslina,b*, Violette Le Féonc, Michael Kuhlmannd, Bernard E. Vaissièrec & Isabelle Dajozb aInstitut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE) Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, av. Escadrille N. Niemen, F-13397, Marseille cedex 20, France; bInstitut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), CNRS UMR 7618, Université Paris-Diderot-7, UPMC, IRD, INRA, UPEC, UMR 7618, iEES-Paris, F-75005, Paris, France; cINRA, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Laboratoire Pollinisation & Écologie des Abeilles, Site Agroparc, F-84914, Avignon, France; dNatural History Museum, Deptartment of Life Sciences, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK (Accepté le 22 janvier 2016) Summary. In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on the potential interest of urban green areas for supporting biodiversity. Private gardens, urban parks or green roofs may support relatively high densities of diverse wild bees. Knowledge is lacking regarding bee assemblages in Paris, the French capital, and one of the most densely populated part of France. In this context, we here provide a first assessment of the taxonomic and functional composition of bee assemblages in three urban parks in downtown Paris. Bees were sampled with a set of three coloured pan traps per park. Fifteen 24-hour sessions were performed from April to July 2011. We captured 425 specimens from 44 species representing five families and 11 genera. The assemblage was dominated by Halictidae (15 species representing 70.1% of total abundance), especially the eusocial species Lasioglossum morio that made 25.2% of total abundance. From a functional point of view, there were only two species of parasitic bees that made 1.2% of total abundance. Most non-parasitic species were polylectic and below-ground nesting. This study highlights the importance of preserving and managing urban parks and other green areas to promote the conservation of wild bees and ultimately the functionality of pollination service in urban ecosystems. Résumé. La faune d'abeilles sauvages des grands parcs du centre de Paris, France. Au cours de ces dernières années, un nombre croissant d’études se sont penchées sur l’intérêt potentiel des espaces verts dans les villes pour la préservation de la biodiversité. Il a été mis en évidence que les jardins privés, les parcs urbains ou les toits végétalisés peuvent héberger des densités relativement importantes de certaines espèces d’abeilles sauvages, avec des assemblages diversifiés. Nous n’avons àl’heure actuelle pas de connaissances sur les assemblages d’abeilles au sein de Paris, capitale française et une des zones la plus densément peuplée de France. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons ici une première évaluation de la composition taxonomique et fonctionnelle des assemblages d’abeilles dans trois parcs urbains du centre de la ville. Les abeilles ont été échantillonnées à l’aide de trois coupelles colorées par parc. Quinze sessions de capture de 24 heures ont été réalisées entre avril et juillet 2011. Nous avons capturé 425 spécimens appartenant à 44 espèces représentant cinq familles et 11 genres. L’assemblage était dominé par les Halictidae (15 espèces représentant 70,1% de l’abondance totale), tout particulièrement l’espèce eusociale Lasioglossum morio qui représentait 25,2% de l’abondance totale. D’un point de vue fonctionnel, seules deux espèces d’abeilles parasites ont été détectées, ce qui représente une très petite proportion de l’abondance totale (1,2%). La majorité des espèces non-parasites étaient polylectiques et terricoles. Cette étude souligne l’importance de la préservation et d’une gestion appropriée des parcs urbains et autres espaces verts pour encourager la préservation des abeilles sauvages et la viabilité du service de pollinisation dans les écosystèmes urbains. Keywords: wild bee assemblage; dominance; Lasioglossum; functional traits; urban ecology Downloaded by [Aix-Marseille Université], [Benoit Geslin] at 08:29 11 April 2016 LeBuhn 2006; Fetridge et al. 2008; Matteson et al. 2008; There is growing evidence of a decline of bees, the most Osborne et al. 2008; Tonietto et al. 2011; Banaszak- important pollinator group worldwide (Potts et al. 2010; Cibicka & Żmihorski 2012). But, few studies have exam- Goulson et al. 2015). Increasing urbanisation is one of the ined the bee assemblages in urban parks in Europe (Saure major causes of this decline (Hernandez et al. 2009). But 1996; Fortel et al. 2014). As stressed by Brown and despite this overall negative impact of urbanisation, many Paxton (2009), information about bee species distribution bee species can persist in urban environments (e.g. Fortel is essential for assessing population status and setting up et al. 2014). Urban parks, recreation areas, private gar- conservation strategies. Here we explored for the first time dens, and green roofs in particular may be favourable for the bee assemblage of urban parks in the city of Paris, bees because they can provide nesting sites and floral France. We aimed to answer the following questions: resources (e.g. Frankie et al. 2005; McFrederick & *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Present affiliation for Michael Kuhlmann is Zoological Museum of Kiel University, Hegewischstraße 3, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. Benoît Geslin and Violette Le Féon contributed equally to this work. © 2016 Société entomologique de France 2 B. Geslin et al. which species are present in urban parks of this densely Regarding species richness, Halictidae and Andrenidae urbanised temperate area? What is the functional compo- both comprised 15 species, followed by Megachilidae sition of this urban bee assemblage? (eight species). The most abundant species, Lasioglossum morio, represented 25.2% of the total abun- dance (Table 1). The following most abundant species Material and methods were L. nitidulum (17.0% of specimens), L. laticeps (15.8%), Chelostoma campanularum (8.0%), and Bees were sampled in three large public parks located in the inner centre of Paris, one of the most densely populated area of Hylaeus communis (5.4%) (Table 1). However, most spe- France (>21,000 inhabitants km–2; INSEE 2009): the “Jardin du cies were represented by few specimens (32 species Luxembourg”, the “Jardin des Plantes”, and the “Cité included less than five specimens with 17 singletons Internationale Universitaire”. These parks cover 19.5, 21 and among them, i.e. 72.7% and 38.6% of the total number 24 ha, respectively. In accordance to biodiversity-friendly prac- of species, respectively). tices promoted in Paris, pesticide applications stopped in these parks about 10 years ago. In each park, bees were caught at one site with a set of three coloured pan traps (one blue, one white, and one yellow) laid down for 24 h under suitable weather Functional traits conditions following Westphal et al. (2008). Pan-trapping under- There were only two parasitic species (i.e. 4.5% of spe- estimates the occurrence of certain genera like Bombus or cies), Nomada flavoguttata and N. zonata, representing Colletes spp., but it is nevertheless recognised as the best method to assess the overall species richness of a site (Westphal et al. 1.2% of the specimens (Table 2). 2008). From mid-April to mid-July 2011, 15 sampling sessions Among the 42 non-parasitic species, seven were oli- were carried out on each site. Geographic coordinates of sam- golectic. Four species had a preference for Asteraceae, two pling sites were 48°50ʹ42”N, 2°20ʹ19”E in the “Jardin du for Campanulaceae, and one for Apiaceae. Oligolectic ” ʹ ” ʹ ” “ Luxembourg , 48°50 38 N, 2°21 40 E in the Jardin des species accounted for 10.5% of non-parasitic Plantes”, and 48°49ʹ14”N, 2°19ʹ52”E in the “Cité Internationale Universitaire”. The proportion of impervious sur- specimens, and they were represented by very few speci- faces (i.e. the proportion of area covered by buildings, parking mens (one to four), except Chelostoma campanularum (34 areas, and roads) in a 500-m radius around the sites ranged from specimens). 54% to 64%. Regarding nesting location, among the 42 non-para- Bees were stored in 70% ethanol before being processed, sitic species, 31 were below-ground nesting (representing mounted, and identified to species. Taxonomy followed the nomenclature of Kuhlmann et al. (2015). Species richness and 81.7% of specimens) and 11 were above-ground nesting. abundance were pooled over the three sites and the 15 sampling All these latter species were uncommon (< 5 specimens) sessions. We also calculated the estimated species richness using except Chelostoma campanularum and Hylaeus communis the Chao2 estimator (Colwell & Coddington 1994). (34 and 23 specimens, respectively). Information on ecological traits was compiled from the lit- erature (Westrich 1989; Amiet et al. 1999, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010; Michener 2007). We described each species according to three functional traits, which have been shown to be important in Discussion bee ecology and to determine the response of bees to environ- Across 15 sampling sessions in one year, in three urban mental disturbances (e.g.
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