Nursing Leadership : a Concise Encyclopedia / Editor-In-Chief, Harriet R
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Nursing Leadership This page intentionally left blank Nursing Leadership A Concise Encyclopedia Editor-in-Chief Harriet R. Feldman, PhD, RN, FAAN Associate Editors Marilyn Jaffe-Ruiz, EdD, RN Margaret L. McClure, RN, EdD, FAAN Martha J. Greenberg, PhD, RN Thomas D. Smith, MS, RN, CNAA, BC M. Janice Nelson, EdD, RN Angela Barron McBride, PhD, RN FAAN G. Rumay Alexander, EdD, RN Copyright © 2008 Springer Publishing Company, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo- copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC. Springer Publishing Company, LLC 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 www.springerpub.com Acquisitions Editor: Sally J. Barhydt Production Editor: Shana Meyer Cover design: Joanne E. Honigman Composition: Aptara Inc. 08091011/54321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nursing leadership : a concise encyclopedia / editor-in-chief, Harriet R. Feldman ; associate editors, Martha J. Greenberg ...[et al.]. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8261-0258-4 (hardback) 1. Nursing—Administration—Encyclopedias. 2. Nurse administrators— Encyclopedias. I. Feldman, Harriet R. [DNLM: 1. Leadership—Encyclopedias—English. 2. Nursing, Supervisory—Encyclopedias—English. 3. Nurse Administrators— Encyclopedias—English. WY 13 N9738 2008] RT89.N7943 2008 610.7303—dc22 2007037206 Printed in the United States of America by Bang Printing. Leadership skills develop over a lifetime, so I would like to publicly thank some of the important people in my life who gave me the support over the years to accomplish all that I have: To my parents, Florence and Mickey Martin, their faith and unconditional love guided me toward success; To my husband, Ron Feldman, you always challenge me to think in alterna- tive ways; To my mentors, especially Drs. Madeline Schwaid and June S. Rothberg, for gently showing me the way so I could grow as a professional and person. —Harriet This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Entries ..............................ix Editors’ Bios ..............................xiii Contributors .............................xvii Foreword ................................xxv Preface .................................xxix Nursing Leadership: A Concise Encyclopedia A–Z ............................1 Index ...................................569 This page intentionally left blank List of Entries A American Nurses Association Hall Academic Leadership of Fame Accreditation in Nursing American Nurses Credentialing Education Center Accreditation in Nursing Practice American Nurses Foundation Advance Directives Within the American Organization of Nurse Context of Advance Care Executives Planning Americans With Disabilities Act Advanced Practice Registered Assessment of Leadership Styles Nurses and Skills Advocacy Associate Degree Nursing Affirmative Action Education Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) B Alcott, Louisa May Background Screening for Foreign American Academy of Nursing Educated Nurses American Assembly for Men in Barton, Clarissa Harlowe Nursing Benchmarking American Association of Colleges Breckinridge, Mary of Nursing Budget Management American Association of Bullough, Vern L. University Professors American Association of C University Women Case Management American Nurses Association Case Statements x List of Entries Center for American Nurses Emotional Intelligence Center for Nursing Advocacy Employee Performance Appraisal Centers for Disease Control and Process Prevention Employee Safety Certificate of Need Employee Satisfaction Certification Entry Into Practice Change Evidence-Based Practice Change Agents and Change Agent Executive Leadership Programs Strategies Executive Search Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Incorporated Externships Clinical Evaluation Clinical Ladder F Coaching Nurses Faculty Recruitment to Academic Collective Bargaining and Unions Settings Commission on Collegiate Faculty Retention Nursing Education Faculty Shortages in Registered Commission on Graduates of Nurses Preparatory Programs Foreign Nursing Schools Failure to Rescue Complex Adaptive Systems (Chaos Family Educational Rights and Theory) Privacy Act of 1974 (The Conflict Management for Nurse Buckley Amendment) Leaders Financing Health Care Conflict of Interest Financing Nursing Education Conflict of Interest in Research Financing of Nursing Research Consultation and Research Training Consumer Satisfaction Flextime Continuing Professional Foundation Funding of Health Education Care and Nursing Continuous Quality Improvement Franklin, Martha Minerva Council of the Advancement of Nursing Science G Credentialing Gender and Leadership Cultural Diversity Global Nursing Shortage D H Delegation Hall, Lydia E. Differentiated Nursing Practice Health Care Systems Disaster Nursing and Emergency Health Policy Preparedness Health Resources and Services Dock, Lavinia Lloyd Administration Downs, Florence S. Henderson, Virginia A. Human Dignity and Ethical E Decisions in Nursing Electronic Health Record Human Resource Management xi I National Coalition of Ethnic List of Entries Image of Nursing Minority Nurses Associations, Informed Consent (Research) The Informed Patient Consent and National Council of State Boards the Patient Self-Determination of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN), The Act The National Institute of Nursing Institute for Healthcare Research Improvement National League for Nursing Institute of Medicine National League for Nursing Interdisciplinary Leadership in Accrediting Commission Nursing (NLNAC) International Council of Nurses National Organization of Nurse (ICN) Practitioner Faculties International Leadership in National Quality Forum Nursing National Student Nurses’ Internships Association Nightingale, Florence L Nurse Residency Lambertsen, Eleanor C. Nurse Satisfaction in the Leadership Development Professional Practice Leadership in Practice Environment Settings Nurses Educational Funds, Inc. Leadership Traits Nurses Improving Care for Health Leapfrog Group, The System Elders (NICHE) Legal Nurse Consulting Nursing Informatics Leone, Lucille Petry Nursing Organizations Alliance Licensure Nursing Shortage in the United Living Legends States Nutting, M. Adelaide M Magnet Hospitals O Mahoney, Mary Eliza Orientation and Staff Malcolm Baldrige National Development: The Way We Quality Award Learn Malpractice Outcomes Management Management by Objectives McManus, R. Louise P Mentoring Palmer, Sophia Military Nursing Patient Care Delivery Models Montag, Mildred L. Patient Classification Systems Patient Safety N Pay-for-Performance National Black Nurses Association, Peplau, Hildegard Inc. Philanthropy/Fund-Raising xii List of Entries Power and Leadership State and Territorial Health Preceptorship: The Gatekeepers Departments for Professional Nursing Staupers, Mabel Keaton Development Stewart, Isabel Maitland Professional Practice Model Strategic Planning Student Recruitment Student Retention R Student Satisfaction Rapid Response Teams Styles, Margaretta Regulatory Bodies SWOT Analysis Reiter, Frances Research Integrity T Risk Management in the Health Teamwork Care Setting Technology Robb, Isabel Hampton Telehealth Rogers, Martha E. Truth, Sojourner S U Sanger, Margaret United American Nurses Schlotfeldt, Rozella M. Sentinel Events W Shared Governance Is Structure Wald, Lillian Not Process Werley, Harriet H. Sigma Theta Tau International Whitman, Walt (STTI) World Health Organization (WHO) Staff Recruitment Staff Retention Z Staffing Effectiveness Zimmerman, Anne K. Editors’ Bios Harriet R. Feldman, PhD, RN, FAAN, is professor and Dean of the Lien- hard School of Nursing at Pace University (1993–Present) and Interim Dean of the Pace University School of Education (2006–2008). Dr. Feld- man has held administrative, teaching, and clinical positions for more than 40 years. She was also editor of two nursing journals; Scholarly In- quiry for Nursing Practice: An International Journal and Nursing Leadership Forum. Three of her books have received American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Awards: 2001 (Nurses in the Political Arena: The Public Face of Nursing, co-authored with Dr. Sandra B. Lewenson), 2005 (Edu- cating Nurses for Leadership, co-edited with Dr. Martha J. Greenberg), and 2007 (Teaching and Learning Evidence-Based Practice: A Guide for Educators, co-edited with Dr. Rona F. Levin). Other books by Dr. Feldman include Strategies for Nursing Leadership (2001), Nursing Leaders Speak Out (2001), and The Nursing Shortage: Strategies for Recruitment and Retention in Clin- ical Practice and Education (2003). She has more than 80 refereed journal articles and editorials to her credit. Dr. Feldman holds the following ap- pointments: Chair (Vice Chair, 2007) of the Board of Commissioners of the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education and member of the Health Advisory Committee to Representative Nita Lowey. She is a Fel- low of the American Academy of Nursing and a Fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine. Marilyn Jaffe-Ruiz, EdD, RN, is professor of nursing at the Lienhard School of Nursing, Pace University, New York City, New York. Her areas xiv Editors’ Bios of specialization include leadership, education, psychiatric mental health nursing, cultural competence, and siblings and families of the intellectu- ally disabled. She teaches at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. Dr. Jaffe-Ruiz served as Pace University’s