DOCSLIB.ORG

Pennsylvanian E Early Cisuralian Interglacial Macrofloristic Succession in Parana Basin of the State of Sao~ Paulo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pennsylvanian E Early Cisuralian Interglacial Macrofloristic Succession in Parana� Basin of the State of Sao~ Paulo Journal of South American Earth Sciences 72 (2016) 351e374 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of South American Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsames Pennsylvanian e Early Cisuralian interglacial macrofloristic succession in Parana Basin of the State of Sao~ Paulo * Mary Elizabeth Cerruti Bernardes-de-Oliveira a, Pauline Sabina Kavali a, , 1, Sandra Eiko Mune a, Mahesh Shivanna b, Paulo Alves de Souza b, Roberto Iannuzzi b, Andre Jasper c, Amanda Hoelzel a, Daiana R. Boardman b, Rosemarie Rohn d, Fresia Ricardi-Branco e a Instituto de Geoci^encias, Universidade de Sao~ Paulo, IGc/USP. Rua do Lago, 562, CEP. 05508-080, Sao~ Paulo, SP, Brazil b Instituto de Geoci^encias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, IG/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil c Museu de Ci^encias Naturais e Programa de Pos-Graduaç ao~ em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Centro Universitario, UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil d Instituto de Geoci^encias e Ci^encias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, IGCE/UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil e Instituto de Geoci^encias, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IGE/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil article info abstract Article history: One of the most completely preserved glacial sedimentary records from the Late Carboniferous to the Received 4 May 2016 Early Permian time corresponds to the Itarare Group, which presents a large outcropping thickness in the Received in revised form northeastern border of Parana Basin, especially in the State of Sao~ Paulo. This unit corresponds to the 28 August 2016 base of the Gondwana I Supersequence and is composed of continental to marine glacial and interglacial Accepted 7 September 2016 deposits. Based on some macrofloristic, lithostratigraphic and palynostratigraphic data, a formal scheme Available online 27 September 2016 of the macrofloral succession is herein proposed for this interval, comprising five associations in ascending stratigraphic order namely: (1) Dwykea-Sublagenicula-Calamospora Association (recorded in Keywords: Macrofloral successions Campinas Municipality), composed of lycophyte megaspores (Sublagenicula, Trileites and Calamospora Itarare group sp.) and some bryophytes (Dwykea), concerning to a coastal glacial or coastal interglacial environment; Permo-carboniferous (2) Eusphenopteris-Nothorhacopteris-Botrychiopsis Association (registered in Itapeva and Buri munici- Interglacial floras palities), composed of Eusphenopteris, Nothorhacopteris, Botrychiopsis, Paracalamites spp. along with Parana Basin Sphenophyllum, Koretrophyllites, Noeggerathiopsis and rare Cordaicarpus and Samaropsis e concerning to Western Gondwana an interglacial deltaic plain associated to coal forming swamps with cold temperate hydro-hygrophilous vegetation; (3) Paranocladus-Ginkgophyllum-Brasilodendron Association (registered in Monte Mor Mu- nicipality), composed of the first conifers of the Parana Basin (Paranocladus, Paranospermum and few Buriadia-type), lycophytes (Brasilodendron, Bumbudendron), Ginkgophyllum, Noeggerathiopsis, Samaropsis and Cordaicarpus and rare Nothorhacopteris, Botrychiopsis, Koretrophyllites and Sphenophyllum, inter- preted as interglacial deltaic flood plain; (4) Dwykea-Sublagenicula-Calamospora Recurrent Association (recorded in Salto Municipality), composed of bryophytes (Dwykea) and lycopod megaspores, very similar to the first association, related to a coastal glacial or coastal interglacial depositional environment with a type- tundra vegetational cover; and (5) GangamopteriseArberia-Stephanophyllites Association (occurring in Tiete^ and Cerquilho municipalities), composed of the first glossopterid leaves and fructi- fications of the Parana Basin (abundant Gangamopteris, Arberia, Arberiopsis and Hirsutum) and spheno- phytes (Stephanophyllites and Phyllotheca), suggested as coastal prograding or alluvial environment, of an interglacial phase at the end of the sedimentary history of the Itarare Group. The first four associations are of Pennsylvanian age while the last one is of Asselian-Sakmarian age. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M.E.C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira), [email protected] (P.S. Kavali), [email protected] (S.E. Mune), [email protected] (M. Shivanna), [email protected] (P.A. Souza), [email protected] (R. Iannuzzi), [email protected] (A. Jasper), [email protected] (A. Hoelzel), daiana. [email protected] (D.R. Boardman), [email protected] (R. Rohn), [email protected] (F. Ricardi-Branco). 1 Permanent address: Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2016.09.004 0895-9811/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 352 M.E.C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira et al. / Journal of South American Earth Sciences 72 (2016) 351e374 Contents 1. Introduction . .................... 352 2. Summary on floristic succession schemes of the Itarare Group in the study area . .................... 353 2.1. Rosler€ (1978) Scheme . .......................................353 2.1.1. Taphoflora A ........................................................ .................................................353 2.1.2. Transitional taphoflora .................................................... .............................................353 2.2. Millan (1987a) Scheme . .......................................353 3. Materials and method . .................... 354 4. The newly proposed phytostratigraphical scheme . .................... 355 4.1. aff. Dwykea-Sublagenicula-Calamospora Association (DSC As)...................................... ................................355 4.1.1. Type locality . .......................................355 4.1.2. Occurrence . .......................................355 4.1.3. Stratigraphic position . .......................................355 4.1.4. Macrofloristic taxonomic contents . .......................................356 4.1.5. Palynological content and age . .......................................356 4.1.6. Paleoecology . .......................................357 4.1.7. General considerations of the aff. Dwykea-Sublagenicula-Calamospora Association . ....................357 4.2. Eusphenopteris-Nothorhacopteris-Botrychiopsis Association (ENB As)................................................................357 4.2.1. Type locality . .......................................357 4.2.2. Occurrences . .......................................358 4.2.3. Stratigraphic position . .......................................358 4.2.4. Macrofloristic taxonomic contents . .......................................358 4.2.5. Palynological content and age . .......................................358 4.2.6. Paleoecology . .......................................359 4.2.7. General assessment of the Eusphenopteris-Nothorhacopteris-Botrychiopsis Association . ................361 4.3. Paranocladus-Ginkgophyllum-Brasilodendron Association (PGB As)................................... ...............................361 4.3.1. Type locality . .......................................361 4.3.2. Occurrence . .......................................361 4.3.3. Stratigraphic position . .......................................361 4.3.4. Macrofloristic taxonomic contents . .......................................362 4.3.5. Palynological content and age . .......................................362 4.3.6. Paleoecology . .......................................363 4.3.7. General considerations of the Paranocladus-Ginkgophyllum-Brasilodendron Association . ................365 4.4. aff. Dwykea-Sublagenicula-Calamospora Recurrent Association (DSCRecAs)............................... ...........................366 4.4.1. Type - locality . .......................................366 4.4.2. Occurrences . .......................................366 4.4.3. Stratigraphic position . .......................................366 4.4.4. Macrofloristic taxonomic content . .......................................366 4.4.5. Palynogical content and age . .......................................366 4.4.6. Paleoecology . .......................................367 4.4.7. General considerations of the aff. Dwykea-Sublagenicula-Calamospora Recurrent Association . ................367 4.5. Gangamopteris-Arberia-Stephanophyllites Association (GAS As)..................................... ................................367 4.5.1. Type locality . .......................................367 4.5.2. Occurrence . .......................................367 4.5.3. Stratigraphic position . .......................................367 4.5.4. Macrofloristic taxonomic contents . .......................................368 4.5.5. Palynological content and age . .......................................368 4.5.6. Paleoecology . .......................................370 4.5.7. General evaluation of the Gangamopteris-Arberia-Stephanophyllites Association . .....................370 5. Results and discussions . .................... 371 Acknowledgements . ..................................................371 References . ..................................................371 1. Introduction cover having records of movements of glaciers from the center- south of Africa to the southeastern region of South America, from The Gondwana continent was modified continuously in relation Antarctica to the southwestern region of Australia and from to its environment, climatic conditions and latitudinal positions, Antarctica to north-northeast India (Isbell et al., 2012). The glacial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prepared in Cooperation with the Lllinois State Museum, Springfield
    Prepared in cooperation with the lllinois State Museum, Springfield Richard 1. Leary' and Hermann W. Pfefferkorn2 ABSTRACT The Spencer Farm Flora is a compression-impression flora of early Pennsylvanian age (Namurian B, or possibly Namurian C) from Brown County, west-central Illinois. The plant fossils occur in argillaceous siltstones and sand- stones of the Caseyville Formation that were deposited in a ravine eroded in Mississippian carbonate rocks. The plant-bearing beds are the oldest deposits of Pennsylva- nian age yet discovered in Illinois. They were formed be- fore extensive Pennsylvanian coal swamps developed. The flora consists of 29 species and a few prob- lematical forms. It represents an unusual biofacies, in which the generally rare genera Megalopteris, Lesleya, Palaeopteridium, and Lacoea are quite common. Noegger- athiales, which are seldom present in roof-shale floras, make up over 20 percent of the specimens. The Spencer Farm Flora is an extrabasinal (= "upland1') flora that was grow- ing on the calcareous soils in the vicinity of the ravine in which they were deposited. It is suggested here that the Noeggerathiales may belong to the Progymnosperms and that Noeggerathialian cones might be derived from Archaeopteris-like fructifica- tions. The cone genus Lacoea is intermediate between Noeggerathiostrobus and Discini tes in its morphology. Two new species, Lesleya cheimarosa and Rhodeop- teridi urn phillipsii , are described, and Gulpenia limbur- gensis is reported from North America for the first time. INTRODUCTION The Spencer Farm Flora (table 1) differs from other Pennsylvanian floras of the Illinois Basin. Many genera and species in the Spencer Farm Flora either have not been found elsewhere in the basin or are very l~uratorof Geology, Illinois State Museum, Springfield.
    [Show full text]
  • A High-Latitude Gondwanan Lagerstätte
    University of Birmingham A high-latitude Gondwanan lagerstätte : the Permian permineralised peat biota of the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica Slater, Ben J.; Mcloughlin, Stephen; Hilton, Jason DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.01.004 License: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY) Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Slater, BJ, Mcloughlin, S & Hilton, J 2014, 'A high-latitude Gondwanan lagerstätte : the Permian permineralised peat biota of the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica', Gondwana Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.01.004 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: Eligibility for repository : checked 03/06/2014 General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document.
    [Show full text]
  • Novas Evidências E Análise Quantitativa Das Interações Inseto-Planta No Permiano Inferior Da Bacia Do Paraná
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS NOVAS EVIDÊNCIAS E ANÁLISE QUANTITATIVA DAS INTERAÇÕES INSETO-PLANTA NO PERMIANO INFERIOR DA BACIA DO PARANÁ ESTHER REGINA DE SOUZA PINHEIRO ORIENTADOR – Prof. Dr. Roberto Iannuzzi Porto Alegre - 2011 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS NOVAS EVIDÊNCIAS E ANÁLISE QUANTITATIVA DAS INTERAÇÕES INSETO-PLANTA NO PERMIANO INFERIOR DA BACIA DO PARANÁ ESTHER REGINA DE SOUZA PINHEIRO ORIENTADOR – Prof. Dr. Roberto Iannuzzi BANCA EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. Karen Adami-Rodrigues – Universidade Federal de Pelotas Prof. Dr. Rosemarie Rohn Davies– Universidade Estadual Paulista Prof. Dr. Tânia Lindner Dutra – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Título de Mestre em Geociências. Porto Alegre – 2011 Pinheiro, Esther Regina de Souza Novas evidências e análise quantitativa das interações inseto-planta no permiano inferior da Bacia do Paraná. / Esther Regina de Souza Pinheiro. - Porto Alegre : IGEO/UFRGS, 2010. [72 f.] il. Dissertação (Mestrado). - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Geociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências. Porto Alegre, RS - BR, 2010. Orientação: Prof. Dr. Roberto Iannuzzi 1. Herbivoria. 2. Análise multivariada. 3. Folhas glossopterídeas. 4. Folhas cordaitaleanas. 5. Bacia do Paraná. I. Título _____________________________ Catalogação na Publicação Biblioteca Geociências - UFRGS Miriam Alves CRB 10/1947 DEDICATÓRIA Dedico essa dissertação a pessoa que mais apoiou minha trajetória acadêmica. Me apresentou a ciência da forma mais bonita que ela pode ser. Foi muito mais que um amigo, muitas vezes um orientador.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Permian Palaeofloras from Southern Brazilian Gondwana: a Palaeoclimatic Approach
    Revista Brasileira de Geociências 30(3):486-490, setembro de 2000 EARLY PERMIAN PALAEOFLORAS FROM SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN GONDWANA: A PALAEOCLIMATIC APPROACH MARGOT GUERRA-SOMMER AND MIRIAM CAZZULO-KLEPZIG ABSTRACT In evaluating the parameters supplied by the taphofloras from different sedimentary facies in the Early Permian sedimentary sequences of the southern part of the Paraná basin, Brazil, it has become evident that the palaeofloristic evolution was related to palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic evolution. The homogeneous composition of Early Permian floral assemblages, which are characterized mainly by herbaceous to shrub-like plants considered to be relicts from the rigorous climate of an ice age (e.g. Botrychiopsis plantiana) suggest the persistence of the cold climate. The dominance of Rubidgea and Gangamopteris leaves with palmate venation associated with glossopterids with penate venation seems to indicate a gradual warming of climate. In roof-shales of coalbearing strata pinnate glossopterids related to Glossopteris are common, while Gangamopteris and Rubidgea (palmate forms) are poorly represented. The sudden enrichment of herbaceous articulates and filicoids fronds is characteristic of this stage and trunks of arborescents lycophytes become important elements. These antrocophilic paleofloras are characterized by typical elements of the "Glossopteris flora" associated to tree lycophytes and ferns communities. Therefore, the cool seasonal climate of Early Permian changed into the moist seasonal interval during the Artinskian-Kungurian. This climatic change was significant to the meso-hygrophitic to hygrophitic vegetation registered in roof-shale ferns of the Gondwana Southern Brazilian coalbearing strata. Keywords: roof-shale floras, Gondwana, Southern Brazil, Paraná basin, Glossopteris Flora INTRODUCTION The intracratonic Paraná basin, with a total area proposed by Milani et al.
    [Show full text]
  • III Unit- GYMNOSPERMS )
    CORE COURSE II PLANT BIODIVERSITY II ( III Unit- GYMNOSPERMS ) Unit III : A general account of the characteristic features of Gymnosperms. Origin of Gymnosperms. Classification of Gymnosperms (Sporne, 1965). General structure and interrelationships of Pteridospermales, Bennetittales, Pentoxylales and Cordaitales. 1. General account on characteristic features of Gymnosperms. The word “Gymnosperm” comes from the Greek words “gymnos”(naked) and “sperma”(seed), hence known as “Naked seeds.” Gymnosperms are the seed- producing plants, but unlike angiosperms, they produce seeds without fruits. These plants develop on the surface of scales or leaves, or at the end of stalks forming a cone-like structure. Gymnosperms belong to kingdom ‘Plantae‘ and sub-kingdom ‘Embryophyta’. The fossil evidence suggested that they originated during the Paleozoic era, about 390 million years ago. Basically, gymnosperms are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed within the ovary wall, unlike the angiosperms. It remains exposed before and after fertilisation, and before developing into a seed. The stem of gymnosperms can be branched or unbranched. The thick cuticle, needle-like leaves, and sunken stomata reduce the rate of water loss in these plants. The family of gymnosperms consist of conifers, the cycads, the gnetophytes, and the species of Gynkgophyta division and Ginkgo biloba. Following are the important characteristics of gymnosperms: 1. Habit: Gymnosperms are a small group of seed plants which are represented by only 900 living species.The living gymnosperms are woody, evergreen (except Larix Dr.P.PRABAKARAN Assist .Prof.Botany MRGAC Page 1 and a Taxodium) perennials grow as trees or shrubs. Tallest trees are Sequoia sempervirens (366ft) and S.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Version
    RESEARCH ARTICLES The paleoflora of Figueira in the context of the neopaleozoic of the Paraná Basin, Brazil Fresia Ricardi-Branco Institute of Geosciences University of Campinas UNICAMP Oscar Rösler Paleontologic Center CENPALEO University of Contestado UNC ABSTRACT This study involved the Paleoflora of the Figueira Region (City of Figueira, PR, Brazil), which is part of the Triunfo Member of the Rio Bonito Formation. The specimens were collected from the refuse in the mining fields of the Companhia Carbonífera do Cambuí. After the systematic study, it was found that the species belong to the lycopodiaceous group and to the coniferae group. In the lycopsids species it was possible to study the stem, microphyllous, and megaspores. Three vegetal communities were represented in a general form in the studied Paleoflora: a swamp community, composed mainly of Brasilodendron cf. B. pedroanum, a community found in the composed flooding plain, formed of glossopterids among others, and a community of more elevated or less frequently flooded terrains, dominated by conifers (example: Paranocladus dusenii). Based on the results it can be concluded that the studied Paleoflora had great similarity to the other Early Permian taphofloras found in Paraná State at the Triunfo Member of the Rio Bonito Formation. KEYWORDS Permian, Paraná Basin, Rio Bonito Formation, Glossopteris Flora Introduction fication shown in Santa Catarina State, by the ab- sence of the upper Member, called Siderópolis The Paraná Basin is a large Paleozoic-Mesozoic (Soares and Cava 1982). Inside the Triunfo or lower intracratonic basin that extends throughout Brazil, Member of the Rio Bonito Formation, in the Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeast of Argentina Figueira area, a coal seam was found where the stud- (Zalán et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossopteris Flora Nova Abordagem Para O Estudo Das Paleofloras Utilizando Sistemas De Informação Geográfica Aplicada a Flora Glossopteris
    DOI: 10.5327/Z23174889201400040011 ARTICLE New approach for the study of paleofloras using geographical information systems applied to Glossopteris Flora Nova abordagem para o estudo das paleofloras utilizando sistemas de informação geográfica aplicada a Flora Glossopteris Isabel Cortez Christiano-de-Souza1*, Fresia Ricardi-Branco1, Adalene Moreira Silva2, Linda Gentry El Dash3, Rafael Souza Faria1 ABSTRACT: This paper introduces a methodology which makes RESUMO: O presente artigo introduz a uma metodologia na qual será possible the visualization of the spatial distribution of plant fossils possível a visualização da distribuição espacial de fitofósseis. Tal metod- and applies it to the occurrences of the Gondwana Floristic Province ologia será aplicada a ocorrências da Província Florística do Gondwana present on the eastern border of the Brazilian portion of the Paraná presente na borda leste da porção brasileira da Bacia do Paraná durante Basin during the Neopaleozoic. This province was chosen due to the o Neopaleozóico. Essa província foi escolhida tendo em vista que nela existence of a large number of publications referring to their occur- há grande número de publicações referentes às suas ocorrências. Isso tor- rence, so that a meta-analysis of their distribution could be based on na possível a meta-análise de sua distribuição, uma vez que há ampla ample information. The first step was the construction of a composite gama de informações. O primeiro passo foi a construção de uma base de database including geographical location, geology, and the botanical dados composta, incluindo localização geográfica, geologia e sistemática systematics of each relevant fossil. The geographical locations were botânica de cada fóssil de interesse.
    [Show full text]
  • Cryptic Diversity of a Glossopteris Forest: the Permian Prince Charles Mountains Floras, Antarctica
    CRYPTIC DIVERSITY OF A GLOSSOPTERIS FOREST: THE PERMIAN PRINCE CHARLES MOUNTAINS FLORAS, ANTARCTICA by Ben James Slater A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham September 2013 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The Toploje Member chert is a Roadian to Wordian autochthonous– parautochthonous silicified peat preserved within the Lambert Graben, East Antarctica. It preserves a remarkable sample of terrestrial life from high-latitude central Gondwana prior to the Capitanian mass extinction event from both mega- and microfossil evidence that includes cryptic components rarely seen in other fossil assemblages. The peat layer is dominated by glossopterid and cordaitalean gymnosperms and contains sparse herbaceous lycophytes, together with a broad array of dispersed organs of ferns and other gymnosperms. The peat also hosts a wide range of fungal morphotypes, Peronosporomycetes, rare arthropod remains and a diverse coprolite assemblage. The fungal and invertebrate-plant interactions associated with various organs of the Glossopteris plant reveal the cryptic presence of a ‘component community’ of invertebrate herbivores and fungal saprotrophs centred around the Glossopteris organism, and demonstrate that a multitude of ecological interactions were well developed by the Middle Permian in high-latitude forest mires.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in the Glossopteris Flora of India- 18
    STUDIES IN THE GLOSSOPTERIS FLORA OF INDIA• 18. GYMNOSPERMIC SEEDS AND SEED-BEARING ORGANS FROM THE KARHARBARI BEDS OF THE GIRIDIH COALFIELD, BIHAR P. Ie MAITHY Birbal Salmi Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow ABSTRACT Coalfield. The material has been collected Gymnospermic seeds and seed-bearing organs are from the shale dumps lying outside the col• descnbed from the Karharbari beds, Giridih Coal• lieries and also from shale outcrops. The field. The seeds have been assigned to Cordai• localities are: carpus, Samaropsis, Cornucarpus, Nummulospermum 1. Srirampur open quarry, near Chunk a and Rotundocarpus gen. novo Two species of Corda~carpus and one species of Samaropsis are new. Village. The seed-bearing organs belong to Arberia \Vhite 2. 16 A pit, 1 mile north of Chunka and Palmatophyllites gen. novo Village. 3. 16 B Pit, near 16 A pit. INTRODUCTION 4. Central pit, 4 miles south of Giridih town. 5. Kandia pit, nearly 200 yds. south of areIndianknownLowerto containGondwanaremainsformationsof platy• THEspermic and radiospermic seeds. central pit. Feistmantel (1879, 1881) has recorded num• 6. Deep pit, at the foot of southern part ber of seeds from the Talchir-Karharbari of Komaljore hill. beds, Raniganj group and Panchet strata. 7. Jubille pit, near Buriadih, at the sou• Zeiller (1902) recorded from the Karharbari thern part of Bhaddra hill. stage and Seward & Sahni (1920) from the 8. J ogtiabad pit, between Bhaddua and Komaljore hills, along the Komaljore Karharbari and Raniganj Stage. In recent nalla. years Saksena (1955) described two species 9. Puthrodiha nalla, Puthrodiha, 2 miles of Samaropsis from the Ganjra nalla beds of the South Rewa Gondwana basin and south of Giridih town.
    [Show full text]
  • I, II &V Unit :I General Topics in Pteridophytes
    I M.Sc., BOTANY PLANT DIVERSITY II UNIT: I, II &V Unit :I General topics in pteridophytes Introduction of pteridophytes Pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes) are free-sporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating, free- living gametophyte and sporophyte phases that are independent at maturity. The body of the sporophyte is well differentiated into roots, stem and leaves. The root system is always adventitious. The stem is either underground or aerial. The leaves may be microphylls or megaphylls. Their other common characteristics include vascular plant apomorphies (e.g., vascular tissue) and land plant plesiomorphies (e.g., spore dispersal and the absence of seeds. General characters of pteridophytes: Pteridophyta (gr, pteron = feather, phyton = plant), the name was originally given to those groups of plants which have well developed pinnate or frond like leaves. Pteridophytes are cryptogams (gr. Kruptos = hidden, and gamos = wedded) which have well developed vascular tissue. Therefore, these plants are also known as vascular cryptogams or snakes of plant kingdom. They are represented by about 400 living and fossil genera and some 10,500 species. Palaeobotanical studies reveal that these plants were dominant on the earth during the devonian period and they were originated about 400 million years ago in the silurian period of the palaeozoic era. (i) Majority of the living pteridophytes are terrestrial and prefer to grow in cool, moist and shady places e.g., ferns. Some members are aquatic (e.g., marsileci, azolla), xerophytic (e.g., selaginella rupestris, equisetum) or epiphytic (e.g., lycopodium squarrosum) (fig. 1). (ii) Majority of the pteridophytes are herbaceous but a few are perennial and tree like (e.g., angiopteris).
    [Show full text]
  • Epidermal Morphology of the Cordaitalean Leaf Noeggerathiopsis Brasiliensis Nom. Nov. from the Southern Paraná Basin
    SILEIR RA A D B E E G D E A O D L E O I G C I A O ARTICLE BJGEO S DOI: 10.1590/2317-4889201920190020 Brazilian Journal of Geology D ESDE 1946 Epidermal morphology of the cordaitalean leaf Noeggerathiopsis brasiliensis nom. nov. from the southern Paraná Basin (Lower Permian, Rio Bonito Formation) and paleoenvironmental considerations Isabela Degani-Schmidt1* , Margot Guerra-Sommer1 Abstract A Brazilian cordaitalean leaf is reassigned and redescribed based on cuticular analysis. The new nameNoeggerathiopsis brasiliensis is erected as a replacement for Rufloria gondwanensis Guerra-Sommer. The leaf adpressions come from a tonstein layer within a Sakmarian coal seam of the Faxinal Coalfield, southern Paraná Basin, Brazil (U–Pb SHRIMP mean age 291 ± 1.3 Ma, Rio Bonito Formation). The leaf micromor- phological pattern, observed under optical transmitted light and field emission gun — scanning electron microscopy, is distinct from the Euramerian Cordaites Unger and very similar to the Angaran Rufloria Meyen. The lower epidermis has conspicuous longitudinal stomatiferous furrows typical of Noeggerathiopsis (Feistmantel) McLoughlin & Drinnan covered by tightly interwoven trichomes, epidermal and probably also hypodermal highly cutinized sheaths at the borders of furrows, and haplocheilic stomatal apparati surrounded by long conical trichomes. The xeromorphic cuticle structures are similar to those ofGlossopteris pubescens (Guerra-Sommer) Degani-Schmidt & Guerra-Sommer, the dominant leaf species preserved in the tonstein layer, indicating convergent ecological adaptations to abiotic stress factors in distinct plant groups in the peat-forming paleoenvironment. KEYWORDS: Gondwana; Cordaitales; Cuticular analysis; Trichomes; Paleozoic; Fossil plants. INTRODUCTION the diagnostic reproductive structures and vegetative organs. Cordaitalean plants, represented by leaves, woods and This also hampers an understanding of their phylogenetic rela- reproductive structures have been recorded from plant assem- tionships with Euroamerian forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Fossil Collections in Scotland Review of Fossil Collections in Scotland
    Detail of the Upper Devonian fishHoloptychius from Dura Den, Fife. © Perth Museum & Art Gallery, Perth & Kinross Council Review of Fossil Collections in Scotland Review of Fossil Collections in Scotland Contents Introduction 3 Background 3 Aims of the Collections Review 4 Methodology 4 Terminology 5 Summary of fossil material 6 Influences on collections 14 Collections by region Aberdeen and North East 17 Elgin Museum (Moray Society) 18 Falconer Museum (Moray Council) 21 Stonehaven Tolbooth Museum 23 The Discovery Centre (Live Life Aberdeenshire) 24 Arbuthnot Museum (Live Life Aberdeenshire) 27 Zoology Museum (University of Aberdeen Museums) 28 Meston Science Building (University of Aberdeen Museums) 30 Blairs Museum 37 Highlands and Islands 38 Inverness Museum and Art Gallery (High Life Highland) 39 Nairn Museum 42 West Highland Museum (West Highland Museum Trust) 44 Brora Heritage Centre (Brora Heritage Trust) 45 Dunrobin Castle Museum 46 Timespan (Timespan Heritage and Arts Society) 48 Stromness Museum (Orkney Natural History Society) 50 Orkney Fossil and Heritage Centre 53 Shetland Museum and Archives (Shetland Amenity Trust) 56 Bute Museum (Bute Museum Trust) 58 Hugh Miller’s Birthplace Cottage and Museum (National Trust for Scotland) 59 Treasures of the Earth 62 Staffin Dinosaur Museum 63 Gairloch Museum (Gairloch & District Heritage Company Ltd) 65 Tayside, Central and Fife 66 Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum 67 Perth Museum and Art Gallery (Culture Perth and Kinross) 69 The McManus: Dundee’s Art Gallery and Museum (Leisure
    [Show full text]