The Palaeabotaillst, 28-29: 63-14, 19S1.

DISTRIBUTION OF PLATYSPERMIC GONDWANIC

JOSE HENRIQUE MILLAN* Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20942-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

ABSTRACT

The paper contains the stratigraphic and chronological distribution of platyspermic gondwanic seeds in the countries and regions, viz., Brasil, South African Republic, Zaire, Mozambique, Madagascar, Argentina, Antarctica, Australia and India. Among the species reported, 33 belong to the genus , 12 to the genus , 4 to the genus Cornucarpus, 2 to the genus Alatocarpus and I to the genera Nummulospermum and Eucerospermum. Key-words - Platyspermic seeds, Gondwanaland, Samara psis, Cordaicarpus, Comu• carpus, Alatocarpus, Nummulosl'ermul7I, Brasil.

l;« !!1't~-'f\:11t ~ ~m ~ 1llif 'J.Tmq cn;iTf "crn:'li" cr~ 'li"fT

INTRODUCTION general and extensive way than that other discussions held in the I International Sym• posium on Gondwana in Argentina, in 1967. But now, under the invitation of typesGONDWANALAND,of seeds or ovules, twopreservedgeneralas INcasts or impressions, are recognized: the the Organising Committee for Dr K. R. radiospermic and the platyspermic. The Surange Commemoration Volume and consi• former are symmetrical in more than two dering the most recent studies on the planes and the latter are symmetrical in subject and a greater interest on the part two or in only one plane. of the specialists about it, we decide to Maithy (1965) has proposed a scheme present a new source of information about to classify gondwanic seeds. This scheme these seeds, up dating the bibliography was later called by Millan (1969) as from 1974 onwards, specially that related "Maithy Scheme" and it consists of a to the new Brasilian occurrences. rational method of work to compare and to identify species of seeds. Since then, DISTRIBUTION other contributions were made in order to modify such scheme (Millan, I974a) We have distinguished in this paper two and to finish it off and to put it up to date different levels of distribution of the gond• (Millan, 1974b). wanic seeds: the stratigraphical level and Millan (J.,974b)presented thesis" Docen• the chronological level. Both levels are cia-Livre" in National Museum, Federal intrinsically related to the taphoflorulae or Universify of Rio de Janeiro, in which he paleofloristic associations of restricted limits discussed the distribution of these seeds, within the stratigraphical level which define specially the platyspermic ones. The dis• the occurrence of fossils' populations in cussion, then, was made in a much more local tombs (MilIan, 1971). *Under auspices of the National Council of Research (CNPq). 6~ 64 THE PALAEOBOtANlSr

TABLE 1- GONDWANIC TAPHOFLORULAE

T APHOFLORULA COUNTRY

BRASIL South Africa Zaire

South African Madagascar Mozambique Republic Bainha n Bairro 20 8-20 Barro Branco Hal3 Carvao lrapua CI Hospital H Joaquim Branco JB •• Lauro MUller"* LM Mariana Pimentel MP Sao Marcos SaM Sitio da Mina SM Sitio ltapema SI " Ecca" E Mavonono M Chipanga C Kaindamaso K Luena L

COUNTRY

Antarctica Argentina Australia India

New South Wales Queensland Dry Valley DV Elizabeth and Alexandra Ridges EAR Amundsen A Ohio and Wisconsin Ridges OWR Pecora P Bajo de Los Velez BLV Betancourt Bet Piedra Shotel PS •• Glacial Stage"* GS " Greta ,,* G Dudley D Beach Bar BB Minnie Creek Three-mile Creek MC Barwon Park TMC Pentland BP Dawson River Pe Baralaba DR Belmont Be Sri ram pur Colliery SC Jubille Mine JM Deep Mine DM Central Mine CM Gaurbotha Nalla GN Kamrai Nalla KN Johilla River JR Ganjra Nalla GaN Chicharia Ch Salaia S Near Beli NB Karkoti-Malhadu KM Dhamni Dh

*Due to the absence of data in original papers, these names are provisory to taphoflorulae. Pages 65-66 TABLE 2 - STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF SAMAROPSIS SPECIES IN GONDWANIC TAPHOFLORULAE - (Part !)

STRATIGRAPHY Species --~- BRASIL AFRICA MOZAM- ARGEN- ANTARCTICA AUSTRALIA INDIA BIQUF. TINA Tubari!.o Group Rio South Zaire Tete Coal Nueva Beacon Group New South Wales Queensland Talchir Karhar- Raniganj Panchet Bonito Africa Measures ubecka Forma- bari Forma- Forma- Itarare Su bgroup Forma- Ecca Lower Upper Forma- ?Buckley Mount ?Upper Upper Lower Upper tion Forma- tion tion lion Series Lukuga Lukuga tion Coal Glos- Kutung New Bowen Bowen tion Lower Upper Rio Series Series sopteris Series Castle Series Series Pack, Pack, Grande Forma- Coal S~oPaulo S~oPaulo do Sui lion Measures Sal11aropsis argentina Feruglio, 1951 Bet, PS S. bainhensis Millan, 1967 B S. barcellosa (White) Seward, CI cf.GS 1917 S. boutakoffi Hoeg & K Bose, 1960 S. cricilll11e1lsis Millan, 1967 B S. d"wsonii (Shirley) DR, Ba Walkom, 1922 S. doliunitii Millan, 1977 SI S. etheridgei Walkom, 1922 Pe S. feistmantelii Maithy, 1965 SC S. ganjrensis Saksena, 1955 JM,DM S. Roraiensis Surange & Gan Lele, 1956 JR DM,CM S. indica (Zeiller) Seward, 1917 DV Dh S. intermedia Hoeg & L Bose, 1960 S. kurtzii Leguizamon, 1971 BLV S. leslii Seward, 1917 E S. longii Schopf, 1962 EAR A,OWR P S. mendesii Rigby, 1972 B, B- 20, JB S. menism Lele, 1962 S S. millaniana Oliveira & B, H, Pontes, 1977 SaM S. millerii (Feistmantel) B L Seward, 1917 GS SC,Dh S. l110ravica Helmhacker Be S. moreirana (White) JB, Millan, 1965 BaB S. ? ovalis Walkom, 1935 GS S. pincombei Walkom, 1928 BB S. raniganjensis Seward & Sahni, 1920 KM S. rigbyi Millan, 1977 SI S. sancti-marci Oliveira & SaM Pontes, 1977 S. seixasii (White) SM MP LM Seward, 1917 S. srivastavai Lele, 1955 KN,NB S. sllYGngei LeJe, 1962 S S. thomasii Schopf, 1962 BaB OWR S. yoshidae Rigby, 1972 JB S. zambesiclIs Hoeg & C Bose, 1960 MILLAN -DISTRIBUTION OF PLATYSPERMIC GONDWANIC SEEDS 67

The use of taphoflorula is better than Republic. The total number of these that of florula, word commonly analogous taphoflorulae are up to 48 (Table 1). but not homologous, because of the impli• The nomenclature of their units, consi• cations of its use referring to living popu• dering the stratigraphic distribution of lations. The taphoflorulae would stand these seeds, is based on authors such as for taphoflora as it was formerly used by Bigarella and Salamuni (1967), Rocha• Taytadzan (1961, in: Archangelsky, 1965). Campos (1972) and Soares et al. (1977) So, we were then able to name the palaeo• to Brasil and Argentina; Robinson floristic provinces of the Upper Palaeozoic (1967) and Ghosh and Sastry (1967) to (Gothan & Weyland, 1954) as Gondwanic, India; H0eg and Bose (1960) to Zaire Angarian, Euroamerican and Cathaysic and Mozambique; Besairie (1967) to taphoflorae. Madagascar; McElroy (1969) and Banks The denominations of the gondwanic et al. (1969) to Australia; Harrington taphoflorulae, only of those whose seeds (1965) and McElroy (1969) to Antarctica and had been adequately described, are pre• on Ryan (1969) to South African Republic. sented in this paper (Table 1). In some The species of the genus Samaropsis, cases, they are of current use, but are not (Table 2) are stratigraphically distributed so current in other cases. These denomi• in Brasil, Tubarao Group, Rio Bonito For• nations were extracted from original papers, mation and in Itarare Subgroup in Rio among which we can refer those by Grande do SuI and Sao Paulo states; in Archangelsky and Arrondo (1969) in Argen• the South African Republic, in the Ecca tina; H<1>egand Bose (1960) in Zaire and Series; in Zaire, in the Lower and Upper Mozambique; Besairie (1967) in Mada• Lukuga Series; in Mozambique, in the gascar; Rigby and Schopf (1969) in Tete Coal Measures; in Argentina, in the Antarctica; Walkom (1922, 1928, 1935) Nueva Lubecka Formation; in Antarctic, and Carey (1934) in Australia; Dolianiti in the Beacon Group, in Buckley Coal, (1948), Millan (1972, 1974a, 1974b, 1977), Measures and in Mount Glossopteris Rigby (1972), Oliveira (1977) and Correa Formation; in Australia, in New South da Silva and Arrondo (1977) in Brasil. In Wales, in Upper Kutung Series and in India, since there are lots of known Upper New Castle Coal Measures, and taphoflorulae and lots of authors, the deno• in Queensland, in the Upper and Lower minations were included in the biblio• Bowen Series, and in India, in Talchir, graphy. Karharbari-Barakar, Raniganj and Panchet We give emphasis to the fact that all formations. the seeds mentioned in Tables 2-13 were The species of the genus Cordaicarpus only included as taphoflorulae, those which (Table 3) are stratigraphically distributed had already been adequately described and in Brasil, Tubarao Group, Rio Bonito figured. Such kind of procedure allowed Formation and in Itarare Subgroup in us to relate not only the seeds to the Sao Paulo State; in Zaire in the Upper taphoflorula but also to relate it to the Lukuga Series; in Madagascar in Sakoa stratigraphical level, so that we can use Series; in Argentina in Nueva Lubecka it not merely in a descriptive way but in Formation; in Australia in New South a more utilitarian way as index-fossils. Wales, in Upper Kutung Series and in the Thus we suggested (Millan, 1980) the strati• Lower Greta Coal Measures and in India graphic use of the following species: in the Karharbari-Barakar and Panchet for• Samaropsis millerii, S. barcellosa, S. indica, mations. S. thomasii, S. seixasii, S. longii, S. goraien• The species of the genus Cornucarpus sis, Cordaicarpus nitens, C. zeillerii, Cor• (Table 4) are stratigraphically distributed nucarpus furcatus, C. patagonicus and Num• in Brasil Tubarao Group, in Rio Bonito mulospermum bowenense. Formation and in Itarare Subgroup in Sao It is possible to notice that there are Paulo and Rio Grande do SuI states; in 13 known tafoflorulae with seeds in India. Argentina, in Nueva Lubecka Formation; There are 11 such taphoflorulae in Brasil in Australia, in New South Wales, in the and in Australia, 5 in Antarctica, 3 in Lower Greta Coal Measures. Argentina, 2 in Zaire, 1 in Madagascar, The species of the genus Alatocarpus 1 in Mozambique and 1 in South African (Table 5) are stratigraphically distributed

MILLAN -DISTRIBUTION OF PLATYSPERMIC GONDWANIC SEEDS 69

Aus- Newtiontionbari-tionSouth forma-ARGEN-JRNueva tionsTRALIA Mea-Coal sures G CornucarpusC. patagonicllsstriatus[urcatusTABLEBarakardoTalchirGrandeWalesSCKarhar-Forma-LowerCretaSuIRioWalkom,(Surangecerquilhensis4INDIABonitoRio(Feruglio)- STRATIGRAPIDCBet,& SI MPDISTRIBUTIONSaM,B, STRATIGRAPHYH, OFPS CORNUCARPUS SPECIES IN Lele) Maithy, 1965SaoSubgroupArrondo,Correa 3.da 1977SilvaItarareForma-& TINAForma-LubeckaMillan, 1977 Paulo 2.4. B-201935 GONDWANIC TAPHOFLORULAE UpperPack, SPECIES Tubarao Group 1. BRASIL

only in India, in the Karharbari-Barakar TABLE 5 - STRATIGRAPIDC DISTRIBUTION formations. OF ALA TOCARPUS SPECIES IN GONDW ANIC TAPHOFLORULAE The species Nummulospermum bowenense (Table 6) is stratigraphically distributed SPECIES STRATIGRAPHY in Australia, in Queensland, in the Lower INDIA and Upper Bowen Series, and in India, Karharbari• in the Karharbari-Barakar formations. Barakar formations Finally, the species Eucerospermum opimum (Table 7) is stratigraphically dis• 1. Alatocarplls indiclls Lele, 1968 GN tributed only in Argentina, in Nueva 2. A. cf.johillensis (Saksena) Lele, 1968 GN, GaN Lubecka Formation. Now, taking into account the chro~o• TABLE 6 - STRATIGRAPIDC DISTRIBUTION logical distribution of the seeds, we notice OF NUMMULOSPERMUM BOWENENSE IN GONDWANIC TAPHOFLORULAE SPECIES STRATIGRAPHY TABLE 7 - STRATIGRAPIDC DISTRIBUTION OF EUCEROSPERMUM OPIMUM IN AUSTRALIA INDIA GONDWANIC TAPHOFLORULA

QUEENSLAND SPECIES STRATIGRAPHY ARGENTINA Nummulospermum Lower Upper Karharbari• bowenense Walkom, Bowen Bowen Barakar Nueva Lubecka 1921 Series Series formations Formation TMC, MC SC BP, Eucerospermum opimum Feruglio, Bet Ba 1951 70 THE PALAEOBOTANIST that they are distributed from the Upper TABLE 9 to the (Tables 8-13). ARPERENMI E UPPERLOWP Each geologic period, except for the ROUSU CARBONIFE- Triassic, was subdivided into ;l:i~f.r~/t~};/~~~~:their respec• : TRIASSIC tive floor~ containing ~r:·!:~:)~g;~f\~i~~\~/~~::~~only stratigraphicfi~jr~;:?t:~K~:f:~·t~;~~~:~::~~~.i}W::{fJ.:/:i1:r~.~~·jt.~}\~~f;i~{,:~·~l~~~.;?~t~?tJ;~~?N(;~~~~/h~~~:~j~~/::~~:~fi/"~:;~~~}\t~n~{~~:~l~:':~/~~·::::;~~~~!:~t~~~ units where gondwamc tafoflorulae with seeds, described and figured, occur (Table i~j~t~~~fili~~Jiitjif1[E(~[\it~~~~~t~:i~;{';~~il:({~i~~~~ 14). The limits and extension of such w units are approximate and were suggested in this paper based on the bibliography we could find. So, we were obliged to U1 use the European nomenclature for the geo• logical floors because of the lack of a more

TABLE 8

UPPER CARBONIFE• TRIASSIC ROUS

adequate nomenclature for the Gondwana. In Brasil, these seeds occur in Carboni• ferous and , from the transition Westphalien-Stephanien to Sakmarien; in the South African Republic, in Lower '" Permian, from Artinskien to Kungurien; in Mozambique, in Lower Permian, in the Kungurien; in Zaire, in Lower Permian, from Artinskien to Kungurien; in Antarc• tica, in Carboniferous and Permian; in Argentina, in Lower Permian, from Sakmarien to Kungurien; in Australia, in New South Wales, from Upper Carboni• ferous to Upper Permian and in Queens• land, in Permian, from Artinskien to Tatarien and, finally, in India from Upper Carboniferous to Triassic. The species of the genus Samaropsis (Table 8) are chronologically distributed in Brasil from Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian; in South African Republic, in Lower Permian; in Zaire, in Lower Permian; in Mozambique, in Lower Per• mian; in Argentina, in Lower Permian; in Antarctica, in Permian; in Australia, from Upper Carboniferous to Upper Permian and in India, from Upper Carboniferous to Triassic. '" The species of the genus Cordaicarpus '" (Table 9) are chronologically distributed in Brasil from Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian; in Zaire, in Lower Per• .., '" mian; in Madagascar, in Lower Permian; '" '" in Argentina, in Lower Permian; in MtLLAN"-DISTRtBUTlON OF PLAT¥SPERMtC GONDWANIC SEEDS 71

TABLE 10 In Brasil, the species of the genus Cornu• carpus (Table 10) are chronologically dis• tributed in the Lower Permian; in Argentina ROWPE E IANL PERM- ROUS U in the Lower Permian; in Australia in the CARBONIFE Lower Permian and in India from Upper ~\W/~:~Af::.\}<;i Carboniferous to Lower Permian. r;~.:}y})tx;/);~~;~~~~\t~/?{:~;i?t?t/V·:e;·\t~! ~~~:~?V/)J;s~ The species of the genus Alatocarpus (Table 11) are chronologically distributed in India in the Lower Permian. I\l In Australia and India, the species of Nummulospermum bowenense (Table 12) is chronologically distributed in Permian. The species Eucerospermum opimum (Table 13) is chronologically distributed in Argen• tina in the Lower Permian. In India these seeds were described and figured from Triassic, although there are TABLE 11 references from Santa Maria Formation, Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do SuI, AN RILOWERPERM- Brasil (Pinto, 1956), but they are poorly ROUS UPPE CARBON IFE preserved and under no conditions for a better characterization. )!~n/y(}?/~!!>t£X~~~!:N:}:: Nevertheless, most of these structures are distributed in Permian from Sakmarien to Tatarien.

CONCLUSIONS

TABLE 12 The analysis of the distribution of platy• spermic gondwanic seeds led us to the following conclusions: LOWER UPPER PERMIAN 1. Uptil now 53 species are known from CARBONIFE- ROUS Gondwanaland: 33 of them belong to the ::rUWt(%}Y~Y} genus Samaropsis, 12 to the genus Cor• daicarpus, 4 to the genus Cornucarpus, 2 to the genus Alatocarpus, 1 to the genus Nummulospermum and 1 to the genus Euce• rospermum. 2. In Brasil, occur 13 Samaropsis spp., TABLE 13 6 Cordaicarpus spp. and 3 Cornucarpus spp.; in South African Republic 1 species of Samaropsis; in Zaire 3 Samaropsis spp. PERMIAN UPPER LOWER and 1 species of Cordaicarpus; in Mozam• CARBONIFE- ROUS bique 1 species of Samaropsis; in Mada• gascar 1 species of Cordaicarpus; in Argen• {tf~?Ht:~~~ht~~:~~~~~tina 2 Samaropsis spp., 1 species of Cordaicarpus, 1 species of Cornucarpus and 1 species of Eucerospermum; in Antarctica 3 species of Samaropsis; in Australia 8 Samaropsis spp., 3 Cordaicarpus spp., 1 Cornucarpus species and 1 Nummulosper• mum species and in India 9 Samaropsis Australia, from Upper Carboniferous to spp., 4 Cordaicarpus spp., 2 Alatocarpus Lower Permian and in India, from Lower spp., 1 Cornucarpus species and 1 Permian to Triassic. Nummulospermum species. --.l IV

t"'tItZ 0 U) KarharbariMeasuresBarakarFormationMozam-TeteQueens-Mada-SeriesSub-LubeckaNuevaFormationgascarbiqueZaireTINASeriesMeasuresGretaARGEN-landUpperBowenSeriesLowerCoalAUSTRALIA>-ilTlTABLECoalINDIALukugaVictoriaSeriesANTARC-AFRICA14>-i0 - STRATIGRAPIDCSubgroupNew~ South UNITSSakoaWHERE WalesGONDWANICgroupCOUNTRYTAPHOFLORULAEMeasuresSeriesUpperOR REGIONFormationFormationUpperTalchirNew-OCCURKutungRaniganjWITH PanchetSEEDS Series castle Coal ;I>-b:i...• ~ LOWERTRIASSICUPPER UPPERCARBONI-ArtinskienKazanien Rio BonitoSakmarienFEROUS FormationlWestphalienRepublicSTRATIGRAPHYAfrican South TICA Formation ::r: Itarare JStephanien BRASIL GEOLOGYAND

PERMIAN {Ku.gUd,ncO"'" EO'. MILLAN -bISTRlBUTlON OF PLATYSPERMIC GONDWANIC SEEDS 13

3. Uptil now there are, in Gondwana• exclusive of Upper Carboniferous, 9 % of land, 48 taphoflorulae where the seeds are Carboniferous and Permian, 9 % of Permian conveniently described and figured: 13 of sensu lato, 54 % of Lower Permian, 12% them in India, 11 in Brasil, 11 in Australia, of Upper Permian and 9 % of Triassic. 5 in Antarctica, 3 in Argentina, 2 in Zaire, 6. In the chronological distribution of 1 in Madagascar, 1 in Mozambique and 1 Cordaicarpus s.pp., approximately 25 % be• in South African Republic. The deno• long to Upper Carboniferous, 8 % to Car• minations of such taphoflorulae, adopted boniferous and Permian, 8 % dubiously in this paper, are used in some cases but belonging from Upper Carboniferous to in other cases they differ greatly from those Triassic, 50 % to Lower Permian and 8 % used till now because we made our option to Triassic. according to the more adequate data avail• 7. In the chronological distribution of able in the literature. Cornuc'arpus spp., 25 % belong to Carboni• 4. The seeds are stratigraphically distri• ferous and Permian and 75 % to Lower buted in Tubarao Group in Brasil, in Sakoa Permian. Series in Madagascar, in Lukuga Series in 8. The chronological distribution of Zaire, in Ecca Series in South African Re• Alatocarpus spp., Eucerospermum opimum public, in Tete Coal Measures in Mozam• and Nummulospermum bowenense is mean• bique, in Beacon Group in Antarctica, in ingless due to the occurrence of very small Nueva Lubecka Formation in Argentina, number of species and belonging to Permian in Upper Kutung Series and in Greta Coal and mainly to Lower Permian. Measures and Upper Newcastle Coal Measures in New South Wales, Australia, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and in the Lower and Upper Bowen Series in Queensland, Australia, and in the Talchir, The author is grateful to his wife, Profa. Karharbari-Barakar, Raniganj and Panchet Cleusa de S. Millan, for the typewriting formations in India. work and to Profa. Maria da Gloria 5. In the chronological distribution of F. G. da Silva for the revision of English Samaropsis spp., approximately 6 % are text.

REFERENCES

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MILLAN, J. H. (1969). The gymnospermic and RiGBY, J. F. (1972). The Upper Palaeozoic Flora platyspermic seeds of the Glossopteris Flora at Lauro Miiller, Santa Catarina, southern from Brazil and correlated foreign regions. Brazil. An. A cad. Brasil. eienc., 44 (sup!.): lUGS Symp., Buenos Aires 1-15 October, 1967, 279-293. Gondw. Strat.,: 107-122. ROBINSON,PAMELAL. (1967). The Indian Gondwana MILLAN, J. H. (1971). Tafofl6rulas do Grupo formations: A review. lUGS Symp., Reviews Tubarao. CUnc. Cult., 23 (sup!.): 82-83. prepared for the First Symp. on Gondwana MILLAN, J. H. (1972). Macrofl6rula carboni/era de Strati gr. , : 201-268. Monte Mor, Estado de Sao Paulo. Tese de ROCHA-CAMPOS, A. C. (1972). Late Paleozoic Doutorado (Dr. Sc. thesis). Inst. Geocienc., geology of northern Parana Basin. lnternatn. Univ. Sao Paulo, 165 pp. Symp. Carbon. Perm. Syst. South American, Exc. MILLAN, J. H. (1974a). As sementes platispermicas Guide-Book, 68 pp. do Gondwana face ao Esquema Maithy. An. RYAN, P. J. (1969). Stratigraphy of the Ecca A cad. brasil. Cienc., 46(3 /4): 537-548. Series and lowermost Beaufort beds (Permian) MILLAN, J. H. (1974b). Sementes platispermicas da in the Great Karroo Basin of South Africa. Baeia do Parana e demais regioes gondvanicas. lUGS Symp., Buenos Aires 1-15 October, 1967, Tese de Docencia-Livre (thesis), Museu Nac., Gondw. Strat.,: 945-965. Univ. Fed. Rio de Janeiro, 80 pp. SOARES, P. c., LANDIM, P. M. B., SINELLl, 0., MILLAN, J. H. (1977). Sementes platispermicas do WERNICK,E., Wu, F. T. & FIORI, A. P. (1977). Eogondwana de Cerquilho, Sao Paulo (Bacia do Associayoes litol6gicas do Subgrupo Itarare e Parana). An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., 49 (4): 581-595. sua interpretacao ambiental. Rev. Bras. Geo• MILLAN,J. H. (1980). Sobre uma possivel utilizacao eienc., 7(2): 131·149. estratigrafica de sementes gondvanicas. An. WALKOM,A. B. (1922). The Glossopteris Flora of A cad. Brasil. CUnc., 52 (2): 353-358. the Lower and Upper Bowen Series. Qd geol. OLIVEIRA, MARY E. C. B. de (1977). Tafoflora Surv., 270: 1-64. Eogondwanica da Camada lrapua, Formacao Rio WALKOM, A. B. (1928). Notes on some additions Bonito (Grupo Tubarao), SC. Tese de Doutorado to the Glossopteris Flora in New South (Dr. Sc. thesis). Inst. Geocienc., Univ. Sao Wales. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. w., 53(5): 555• Paulo, vo!. I, 301 pp., vo!. II, 38 pp. 564. RIGBY, J. F. & SCHOPF,J. M. (1969). Stratigraphic WALKOM,A. B. (1935). Some fossil seeds from the implications of antarctic paleobotanical studies. Upper Palaeozoic rocks of the Werrie Basin. lUGS Symp., Buenos Aires 1-15 October, 1967, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 60(261/262): 459• Gondw. Strat.,: 91-106. 463.