DOCSLIB.ORG

Nacionalni Park Brijuni

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nacionalni Park Brijuni EVALUATION REPORT Nacionalni park Brijuni Location: Off the coast of western Istria, Republic of Croatia, Northern Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Blue Park Status: Nominated (2021), Evaluated (2021) MPAtlas.org ID: 15663 Manager(s): Marno Milotić, Public Institution Brijuni National Park MAPS 2 1. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 1.1 Biodiversity Value 4 1.2 Implementation 6 2. AWARD STATUS CRITERIA 2.1 Regulations 9 2.2 Design, Management, and Compliance 11 3. SYSTEM PRIORITIES 3.1 Ecosystem Representation 16 3.2 Ecological Spatial Connectivity 17 SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION: Evidence of MPA Effects 17 Figure 1: Brijuni National Park covers 26.5 km2 of marine area off the Istrian coast of Croatia in the Northern Adriatic Sea. It contains 14 uninhabited islands and includes the surrounding sea and shelf area. Brijuni National Park is divided into four zones: 1a) the Zone of Very Strict Protection and 1b) the Zone of Strict Protection are shown together in dark blue – the Regulations-Based Classification score is 1 (fully protected); 2) the Zone of Directed Protection is shown in light blue and the Regulations-Based Classification Score is 4 (highly protected); and 3) the Zone of Usage is shown in dark blue and lined – the Regulations-Based Classification score is 3 (fully protected). See Section 2.1 for an explanation of the the Regulations-Based Classification scores. (Source: Marine Protection Atlas, Marine Conservation Institute) - 2 - Figure 2: Brijuni National Park’s Zone of Strict Protection has two sub-zones: 1a) Zone of Very Strict Protection shown in dark green and 1b) Zone of Strict Protection shown in light green. (Source: Brijuni National Park Management Plan, p. 121) - 3 - 1.1 Eligibility Criteria: Biodiversity Value (must satisfy at least one) 1.1.1 Includes rare, unique, or representative ecosystems. Brijuni National Park is one of eight national parks in Croatia and was designated as such because it is considered one of the most “biologically valuable” marine areas in the country.1 In particular, seagrass covers a significant amount of seabed area. Four species have been observed: slender seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa), eel grass (Zostera marina), dwarf eelgrass (Zostera noltii) and Neptune grass (Posidonia oceanica).2 The latter is an endemic, long-living seagrass, and although the area covered by this species is small (0.09% of Brijuni’s total marine area), it is one of the largest Posidonia meadows on the west coast of the Istria region of Croatia.3 Other areas of the National Park are characterized by gently sloping limestone rocky reefs, which are found along the coast and in shallow subtidal areas,4 flooded or partially flooded sea caves, which are representative of the Northern Adriatic Sea, and rocky cliffs that are representative of the Mediterranean coastline and covered by an endemic species of Limonium spp.5 1.1.2 Includes area(s) of high species richness or endemism within the context of the biogeographic region. Brijuni National Park is also considered a hotspot of marine biodiversity in the Northern Adriatic region of the Mediterranean.6 Its seagrass in particular support high levels of marine biodiversity by providing feeding, refuge and nursery habitats to many species of fish and invertebrates.7 In addition to the species listed above, the marine habitats throughout Brijuni are home to a invertebrate species of conservation concern, including noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis), the marine sponge (Axinella cannabina), the orange puffball sponge (Tethya aurantium), the date shell (Lithophaga lithophaga), the ascidian (Polycitor adriaticus), the European lobster (Homarus gammarus). The park is also a destination for many highly migratory species of conservation concern to the park. The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), and a variety of important bird species, including the black-throated 1 Public Institution Brijuni National Park (2016) Brijuni National Park Management Plan (2016-2025), p. 8. 2 Hervat, M., Blašković, A. (2019) Local vulnerability assessment of marine habitats to climate change, p. 15. 3 Hervat, M., Blašković, A. (2019) Local vulnerability assessment of marine habitats to climate change, p. 11. 4 Stagličić, N. et al. (2020) Distribution patterns of two co-existing oyster species in the northern Adriatic Sea: The native European flat oyster Ostrea edulis and the non- native Pacific oyster Magallana gigas. Ecological Indicators 113: pp. 1-12. 5 Public Institution Brijuni National Park (2016) Brijuni National Park Management Plan (2016-2025), p. 9. 6 Hervat, M., Blašković, A. (2019) Local vulnerability assessment of marine habitats to climate change, p. 3. 7 Guala, I. et al. (2012) Monitoring of Posidonia oceanica meadows in Croatian Protected Areas, p. 7. - 4 - loon (Gavia arctica), the red-throated loon (Gavia stellata), the European shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii), the sandwich tern (Sterna sendvicensis), the common tern (Sterna hirundo), and the common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) also frequent the area.8 Brijuni is one of the five most important nesting sites for the European shag in the Adriatic and an important seasonal settlement for northern bird populations.9 It is also located along the migration pathway of loggerhead sea turtles in the Adriatic.10 Brijuni National Park has been identified as a Conservation Area Significant for Birds under the Ecological Network Directive (National Gazette no. 124/13, 105/15).11 1.1.3 Includes demonstrated historic or predicted ecological refugia (e.g., climate refugia) or populations with known or predicted tolerance or adaptive potential. Seagrass ecosystems stabilize the seabed, reduce sedimentation and coastal erosion, produce oxygen, and sequester carbon.12 These functions help to mitigate effects of climate change including rising sea levels and increasing sea temperatures. The endemic Posidonia oceanica species, particularly, can sequester large amounts of organic carbon. This, coupled with their longevity, makes Posidonia oceanica a very important carbon sink in the Mediterranean.13 These meadows are also able to modify the pH of the local water column which means they can act as a chemical refugia for organisms that are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification.14 1.1.4 Includes area important for threatened species (including those identified by the IUCN Red List or national legislation), keystone species, or foundational species. Important areas include migration pathways and breeding, nursery, feeding, or assembly areas. All of the species listed in Section 1.1.2 of this report are protected under the Croatian Directive of Strictly Protected Species.15,16 Additionally, Posidonia oceanica is also protected by the European Commission Habitat Directive 92/43/EU (Annex I, Posidonion oceanicae, code 1120).17 The bottlenose dolphin (Tursios truncatus, VU/IUCN18) and 8 Public Institution Brijuni National Park (2016) Brijuni National Park Management Plan (2016-2025), p. 39. 9 Public Institution Brijuni National Park (2016) Brijuni National Park Management Plan (2016-2025), p. 39. 10 Lazar, B. et al. (2004) TaG recoveries of the loGGerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta in the eastern Adriatic Sea: implications for conservation. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, pp. 475-480. 11 Public Institution Brijuni National Park (2016) Brijuni National Park Management Plan (2016-2025), p. 9. 12 Guala, I. et al. (2012) Monitoring of Posidonia oceanica meadows in Croatian Protected Areas, p. 7. 13 Hervat, M., Blašković, A. (2019) Local vulnerability assessment of marine habitats to climate change, p. 50. 14 Hervat, M., Blašković, A. (2019) Local vulnerability assessment of marine habitats to climate change, p. 52. 15 Hervat, M., Blašković, A. (2019) Local vulnerability assessment of marine habitats to climate change, p. 16. 16 Croatian Directive on Strictly Protected Species (2013), Annex I, Croatian: pp. 6-206, English translation: pp. 6- 206. 17 Guala, I. et al. (2012) Monitoring of Posidonia oceanica meadows in Croatian Protected Areas, p. 7. 18 Bearzi, G., et al. (2012) Tursiops truncatus (Mediterranean subpopulation). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. Retrieved March 2021 from https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/16369383/16369386. - 5 - loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta, VU/IUCN19) are included on the IUCN Red List as vulnerable species. Qualifying Designations Natura 2000 Site of Community Importance (SCI) (2014): Croatia’s National Ecological Network was established in 2007. Brijuni National Park was included in that network and was a key part of negotiating Croatia’s inclusion in the EU-wide Natura 2000 Network, which went into effect when Croatia joined the European Union in 2013. Brijuni National Park was proposed as a Site of Community Importance in June 2013, and confirmed in December 2014.20 1.2 Eligibility Criteria: Implementation (must satisfy all) 1.2.1 The MPA is designated by a legitimate and functional government representing the interests of civil society, and the MPA’s implementation meets the IUCN standards for recognizing indigenous peoples’ rights. The area around the Brijuni Islands was designated as a National Park (IUCN Category II21) and Memorial Site in 1983 by the government of the Republic of Croatia (National Park Act and the Brijuni Memorial Site – National Gazette no. 46/83 and later amendments 57/89, 05/90 and 47/91).22 The Croatian government established a public organization (National gazette 47/91, 2/92) to manage the national park.23 The Nature Protection Act (National Gazette 80/13, 15/18, 14/19, 127/19 ) of 2013, currently regulates the protection and management of protected areas in Croatia.24 1.2.2 The MPA is designated to enhance the biodiversity value of the site. The stated goal of the Nature Protection Act for national parks in Croatia is the “preservation of the original natural and landscape values.”25 The managers of Brijuni National Park are responsible for protecting and preserving the natural environment, and for “the smooth running of natural processes, the sustainable use of natural resources, and 19 Casale, P., Tucker, A.D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Book of Abstracts
    BORDERS AND CROSSINGS TRAVEL WRITING CONFERENCE Pula – Brijuni, 13-16 September 2018 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS BORDERS AND CROSSINGS 2018 International and Multidisciplinary Conference on Travel Writing Pula-Brijuni, 13-16 September 2018 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Published by Juraj Dobrila University of Pula For the Publisher Full Professor Alfio Barbieri, Ph.D. Editor Assistant Professor Nataša Urošević, Ph.D. Proofreading Krešimir Vunić, prof. Graphic Layout Tajana Baršnik Peloza, prof. Cover illustrations Joseph Mallord William Turner, Antiquities of Pola, 1818, in: Thomas Allason, Picturesque Views of the Antiquities of Pola in Istria, London, 1819 Hugo Charlemont, Reconstruction of the Roman Villa in the Bay of Verige, 1924, National Park Brijuni ISBN 978-953-7320-88-1 CONTENTS PREFACE – WELCOME MESSAGE 4 CALL FOR PAPERS 5 CONFERENCE PROGRAMME 6 ABSTRACTS 22 CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS 88 GENERAL INFORMATION 100 NP BRIJUNI MAP 101 Dear colleagues, On behalf of the Organizing Committee, we are delighted to welcome all the conference participants and our guests from the partner institutions to Pula and the Brijuni Islands for the Borders and Crossings Travel Writing Conference, which isscheduled from 13th till 16th September 2018 in the Brijuni National Park. This year's conference will be a special occasion to celebrate the 20thanniversary of the ‘Borders and Crossings’ conference, which is the regular meeting of all scholars interested in the issues of travel, travel writing and tourism in a unique historic environment of Pula and the Brijuni Islands. The previous conferences were held in Derry (1998), Brest (2000), Versailles (2002), Ankara (2003), Birmingham (2004), Palermo (2006), Nuoro, Sardinia (2007), Melbourne (2008), Birmingham (2012), Liverpool (2013), Veliko Tarnovo (2014), Belfast (2015), Kielce (2016) and Aberystwyth (2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Underwater Heritage in Croatia a Handbook Exploring Underwater Heritage in Croatia a Handbook
    exploring underwater heritage in croatia a handbook exploring underwater heritage in croatia a handbook Zadar, 2009. AN ROMAN PERIOD SHIPWRECK WITH A CARGO OF AMPHORAE ROMaN PeRIOD ShIPWRecK IN The ČaVLIN ShaLLOWS There are several hundred Roman pe- riod shipwrecks in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, the majority of which are devastated, but about a dozen of which have survived the ravages of time and unethical looters. They have been preserved intact, or with only minor damage, which offers underwater archaeologists an oppor- tunity for complete research. The very large number of Roman ship- wrecks is not unexpected, but speaks rather of the intensity of trade and importance of navigation on the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea, and of the dangers our sea hides. Roman period shipwrecks can be dated either by the type of cargo they carried or by some further analysis (the age of the wood, for example), and the datings range from the 4th century BC to the 6th century. The cargos of these ships were varied: from fine pot- tery, vessels and plates, stone construction elements and brick to the most frequent cargo – amphorae. The amphora was used as packag- ing from the period of the Greece colonisation to the late Roman and the Byzantine supremacy. There are remains of shipwrecks with cargos of amphorae that can be researched on the seabed, covered by Archaeological underwater excavation with the aid of a water dredge protective iron cages, and there are those that, as per documentation, need to be raised to the surface and presented on land.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth and Population Dynamics of Posidonia Oceanica on the S~Anishmediterranean Coast: Elucidatina Seacrrass Decline
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 137: 203-213, 1996 Published June 27 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Growth and population dynamics of Posidonia oceanica on the S~anishMediterranean coast: elucidatina seacrrass decline Nuria ~arba'l*,Carlos M. ~uarte',Just cebrianl, Margarita E. ~allegos~, Birgit Olesen3, Kaj sand-~ensen~ 'Centre dlEstudis Avanqats de Blanes, C.S.I.C., Cami de Santa Barbara sin, E-17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain 'Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Michocan y Purisima, col. Vicentina, AP 55-535, 09340 Mexico D.F., Mexico 3Department of Plant Ecology, University of Aarhus, Nordlandsvej 68, DK-8240 Risskov. Denmark 'Freshwater Biological Laboratory. University of Copenhagen, 51 Helsingersgade, DK-3400 Hillered. Denmark ABSTRACT: The growth and population dynamics of Posidonia oceanica were examined in 29 mead- ows along 1000 km of the Spanish Mediterranean coast (from 36"46' to 42"22' N). oceanica devel- oped the densest meadows (1141 shoots m-') and the highest aboveground biomass (1400 g DW m") between 38 and 39"N. P. oceanica shoots produced, on average, 1 leaf every 47 d, though leaf forma- tion rates in the populations increased from north to south (range 5 7 to 8.9leaves shoot-' yr-'). P ocean- ica is a long-living seagrass, with shoots able to live for at least 30 yr P, oceanica recruited shoots at low rates (0.02 to 0.5 In units yr-l) which did not balance the mortality rates (0.06 to 0.5 In unlts yr.') found in most (57 %) of the meadows. If the present disturbance and rate of decline are maintained, shoot den- sity is predicted to decline by 50% over the coming 2 to 24 yr.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Seagrass Distribution and Diversity: a Bioregional Model ⁎ F
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 350 (2007) 3–20 www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe Global seagrass distribution and diversity: A bioregional model ⁎ F. Short a, , T. Carruthers b, W. Dennison b, M. Waycott c a Department of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, Durham, NH 03824, USA b Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA c School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia Received 1 February 2007; received in revised form 31 May 2007; accepted 4 June 2007 Abstract Seagrasses, marine flowering plants, are widely distributed along temperate and tropical coastlines of the world. Seagrasses have key ecological roles in coastal ecosystems and can form extensive meadows supporting high biodiversity. The global species diversity of seagrasses is low (b60 species), but species can have ranges that extend for thousands of kilometers of coastline. Seagrass bioregions are defined here, based on species assemblages, species distributional ranges, and tropical and temperate influences. Six global bioregions are presented: four temperate and two tropical. The temperate bioregions include the Temperate North Atlantic, the Temperate North Pacific, the Mediterranean, and the Temperate Southern Oceans. The Temperate North Atlantic has low seagrass diversity, the major species being Zostera marina, typically occurring in estuaries and lagoons. The Temperate North Pacific has high seagrass diversity with Zostera spp. in estuaries and lagoons as well as Phyllospadix spp. in the surf zone. The Mediterranean region has clear water with vast meadows of moderate diversity of both temperate and tropical seagrasses, dominated by deep-growing Posidonia oceanica.
    [Show full text]
  • Route Planner Kvarner Bay, Istria (Avoid Inner Kvarner, Opatija, Krk, When Bora!) Base: Veruda/Pula Route 4 (1 Week)
    Route planner Kvarner bay, Istria (avoid inner Kvarner, Opatija, Krk, when Bora!) base: Veruda/Pula route 4 (1 week) Novigrad Opatija Porec Rovinj KRK Punat Cres NP Brijuni CRES Veruda Medulin RAB Osor UNJE LOSINJ Mali Losinj ILOVIK SILBA day: destination from: to: 1 Saturday Veruda UNJE or SUSAK 2 Sunday UNJE or SUSAK LOSINJ Mali Losinj or Veli Losinj (opening hours bridge canal!) 3 Monday LOSINJ RAB 4 Tuesday RAB KRK Punat 5 Wednesday KRK Punat Opatija 6 Thursday Opatija CRES Cres 7 Friday CRES Cres Veruda Page 1 location descriptions Veruda Our base Veruda is located on the southern tip of Istria in one of the most sheltered bays of the Adriatic, right next to the historic town of Pula. The Marina has all the amenities and a large pool that shortens the time to check-in. If you start your holiday from our base Veruda, you should definitely make a short detour to Pula at the beginning or end of your journey. UNJE The small island of Unje is strikingly green and wildly overgrown with sage, rockro- se, laurel, lavender, rosemary and thyme. Especially in spring it smells wonderful. The few inhabitants live in the only town, their houses are aligned circularly towards the sea. Trails lead across the entire island and to the two lighthouses. Susak Susak is a small, gently rolling island with only 3.7 km². In Susak time seems to have stood still. The streets are lined with flowering shrubs and well maintained. The island has great sandy coves. It is best to anchor in Porat or to moor in the harbor of Susak.
    [Show full text]
  • Posidonia Paper.Docx
    Epiphyte accruel patterns and effects on Posidonia oceanica By Emily Hardison and Scott Borsum Abstract This study focuses on the relationship between Posidonia oceanica leaves and the epiphytes that live on those leaves at Stareso Research center in Calvi Bay, Corsica. We determine patterns of epiphyte accrual along Posidonia oceanica leaves for depths of 5m, 10m, 15m, and 20m and calculate the abundance of epiphytes across this depth range and the biomass of epiphytes in Posidonia oceanica bed at each depth, through in water measurements and characterizing epiphyte loads of samples brought onshore. We show that epiphytes aggregate in depth specific and leaf-side specific patterns along Posidonia leaves, cause degradation of live Posidonia tissue, and contribute a significant amount of biomass to Posidonia oceanica beds and detritus. We attempt to explain why certain patterns of epiphyte accrual are seen by determining that the convex side of the leaf most commonly faces up towards the sun. Introduction Posidonia oceanica is a protected endemic seagrass species in the Mediterranean Sea. This species is particularly interesting because of the large role it plays in maintaining a healthy and diverse Mediterranean ecosystem. It grows in vasts meadows and provides habitats, food, and nursery areas for a wide array of species (Boudouresque C. et al., 2006). Despite its energy expensive lifestyle, Posidonia is able to survive in the nutrient poor waters of the Mediterranean Sea (Lepoint, 2002). Posidonia is often inhabited by epiphytes. Previous research has shown that epiphyte load on Posidonia leaves has a negative relationship with depth (Lopez, 2012). Light attenuates with depth and can therefore become a limiting factor for primary producers, like Posidonia.
    [Show full text]
  • Morpho-Chronological Variations and Primary Production in Posidonia
    Morpho-chronological variations and primary production in Posidonia sea grass from Western Australia Gérard Pergent, Christine Pergent-Martini, Catherine Fernandez, Pasqualini Vanina, Diana Walker To cite this version: Gérard Pergent, Christine Pergent-Martini, Catherine Fernandez, Pasqualini Vanina, Diana Walker. Morpho-chronological variations and primary production in Posidonia sea grass from Western Aus- tralia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 84 (5), pp.895-899. 10.1017/S0025315404010161h. hal-01768985 HAL Id: hal-01768985 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01768985 Submitted on 17 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. (2004), 84, 895^899 Printed in the United Kingdom Morpho-chronological variations and primary production in Posidonia sea grass from Western Australia P Ge¤rard Pergent* , Christine Pergent-Martini*, Catherine Fernandez*, O Vanina Pasqualini* and Diana Walker O *Equipe Ecosyste' mes Littoraux, Faculty of Sciences,
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Posidonia Oceanica Seedlings from Beach- Cast Fruits for Seagrass Planting
    DOI 10.1515/bot-2012-0200 Botanica Marina 2013; 56(2): 185–195 Jorge Terrados * , Arnaldo Mar í n and David Celdr á n Use of Posidonia oceanica seedlings from beach- cast fruits for seagrass planting Abstract: Posidonia oceanica seedlings produced from biological productivity, nutrient cycling, carbon burial beach-cast fruits were planted in an area where this and sediment stabilisation (Hemminga and Duarte 2000 ). Mediterranean seagrass was lost as a consequence of fish- In the last century, human populations in coastal zones farming. The effects of substratum type (dead matte vs. have been rapidly increasing. This has increased anthro- meadow) and planting level (above vs. below bottom sur- pogenic impacts on seagrass ecosystems, in turn leading face) on seedling survivorship and leaf development were to a worldwide decline of seagrasses (Orth et al. 2006a , evaluated after 3 years. Seedling capacity to resist uproot- Waycott et al. 2009 ). Seagrass declines have stimulated ing was also tested by comparing survivorship and leaf interest in seagrass restoration research, and several development after 2 years in seedlings firmly anchored approaches have been used (Fonseca et al. 1998 , Treat in dead matte by artificial means (mesh-pot) with those and Lewis 2006 , Paling et al. 2009 ) because adaptation to planted without any anchoring other than their roots. Sur- local conditions and to the features of the seagrass species vivorship in dead matte was 44 % after 3 years and was to be planted is required. A record of seagrass presence in not affected by planting level. Seedling planting inside the past, knowledge about what caused seagrass loss and the meadow led to complete mortality after 3 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Hrvatski Jadranski Otoci, Otočići I Hridi
    Hrvatski jadranski otoci, otočići i hridi Sika od Mondefusta, Palagruţa Mjerenja obale istoĉnog Jadrana imaju povijest; svi autori navode prvi cjelovitiji popis otoka kontraadmirala austougarske mornarice Sobieczkog (Pula, 1911.). Glavni suvremeni izvor dugo je bio odliĉni i dosad još uvijek najsustavniji pregled za cijelu jugoslavensku obalu iz godine 1955. [1955].1 Na osnovi istraţivanja skupine autora, koji su ponovo izmjerili opsege i površine hrvatskih otoka i otoĉića većih od 0,01 km2 [2004],2 u Ministarstvu mora, prometa i infrastrukture je zatim 2007. godine objavljena opseţna nova graĊa, koju sad moramo smatrati referentnom [2007].3 No, i taj pregled je manjkav, ponajprije stoga jer je namijenjen specifiĉnom administrativnom korištenju, a ne »statistici«. Drugi problem svih novijih popisa, barem onih objavljenih, jest taj da ne navode sve najmanje otoĉiće i hridi, iako ulaze u konaĉne brojke.4 Brojka 1244, koja je sada najĉešće u optjecaju, uopće nije dokumentirana.5 Osnovni izvor za naš popis je, dakle, [2007], i u graniĉnim primjerima [2004]. U napomenama ispod tablica navedena su odstupanja od tog izvora. U sljedećem koraku pregled je dopunjen podacima iz [1955], opet s obrazloţenjima ispod crte. U trećem koraku ukljuĉeno je još nekoliko dodatnih podataka s obrazloţenjem.6 1 Ante Irić, Razvedenost obale i otoka Jugoslavije. Hidrografski institut JRM, Split, 1955. 2 T. Duplanĉić Leder, T. Ujević, M. Ĉala, Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1:25.000. Geoadria, 9/1, Zadar, 2004. 3 Republika Hrvatska, Ministarstvo mora, prometa i infrastrukture, Drţavni program zaštite i korištenja malih, povremeno nastanjenih i nenastanjenih otoka i okolnog mora (nacrt prijedloga), Zagreb, 30.8.2007.; objavljeno na internetskoj stranici Ministarstva.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Protected Areas in Croatia
    Marine protected areas in Croatia Gordana Zwicker Kompar, Institute for Environment and Nature Conservation Izola, 19th September 2019. Introduction . PA network of Croatia – national categories and Natura 2000 . Institutional framework . State of MPAs . Management effectiveness of MPAs . Ongoing projects and activities in MPAs . Key issues challenging functionality and effective management of MPAs PA network of Croatia National categories . 12,36% of inland area and 1,93% of marine area are protected in national categories % area of CATEGORY number of PAs area (km²) Croatian territory Strict Reserve 2 24,19 0,03 National Park 8 979,63 1,11 Special Reserve 77 400,11 0,45 Nature Park 11 4.350,48 4,90 Regional Park 2 1025,56 1,16 Monument of Nature 80 2,27 0,00 Significant Landscape 82 1.331,28 1,51 Park Forrest 27 29,55 0,03 Horticultural Monument 119 8,36 0,01 Total PAs in Croatia 408 7.528,05 8,55 PA network of Croatia Natura 2000 . Natura 2000 sites mostly overlaps national categories (~90%) Area of Area out of territorial sea % territorial sea territorial sea Inland area and inland sea and inland sea and inland sea Total surface of % of total No of Natura (km2) % of land waters (km2) waters waters (km2) RC (km2) surface RC 2000 sites SCI (POVS) 16.093 28,44 4.861 15,31 9,62 20.954 23,72 745 SPA (POP) 17.102 30,22 1.056 3,32 18.158 20,55 38 Natura 2000 20.772 36,7 5.164 16,26 9,62 25.936 29,36 783 PA network of Croatia Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 ‘By 2020, at least 17 % of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 % of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area- based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscape and seascape’.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemotyping the Lignin of Posidonia Seagrasses
    APL001 Analytical Pyrolysis Letters 1 Chemotyping the lignin of Posidonia seagrasses JOERI KAAL1,O SCAR SERRANO 2,J OSÉ CARLOS DEL RÍO3, AND JORGE RENCORET3 1Pyrolyscience, Santiago de Compostela, Spain 2Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia 3IRNAS, CSIC, Seville, Spain Compiled January 18, 2019 A recent paper in Organic Geochemistry entitled "Radi- cally different lignin composition in Posidonia species may link to differences in organic carbon sequestration capacity" discusses the remarkable difference in lignin chemistry between two kinds of “Neptune grass”, i.e. Posidonia oceanica and Posidonia australis. A recent paper in Organic Geochemistry entitled "Radically different lignin composition in Posidonia species may link to differences in organic carbon sequestration capacity" discusses the remarkable difference in lignin chemistry between two kinds of “Neptune grass”, i.e. Posidonia oceanica and Posidonia australis. Initial efforts using analytical pyrolysis techniques (Py-GC- MS and THM-GC-MS) showed that the endemic Mediterranean Fig. 1. Posidonia oceanica mat deposits in Portlligat (Western member of the Posidonia genus, P. oceanica, has abnormally Mediterranean). Photo: Kike Ballesteros high amounts of p-HBA (para-hydroxybenzoic acid) whereas the down-under variety does not. State-of-the-art lignin charac- terization in Seville (DFRC, 2D-NMR) showed that the p-HBA ranean high-carbon accumulator (see figure below), but it proba- is part of the lignin backbone, and not glycosylated as initially bly contains slightly more p-HBA than Posidonia australis. Posido- expected, and P. oceanica is now the producer of the most exten- nia sinuosa is not capable of producing big mat deposits neither, sively p-HBA-acylated lignin known in the Plant Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Financing Review for Croatia Protected Areas
    The World Bank Sustainable Financing Review for Croatia Protected Areas October 2009 www.erm.com Delivering sustainable solutions in a more competitive world The World Bank /PROFOR Sustainable Financing Review for Croatia Protected Areas October 2009 Prepared by: James Spurgeon (ERM Ltd), Nick Marchesi (Pescares), Zrinca Mesic (Oikon) and Lee Thomas (Independent). For and on behalf of Environmental Resources Management Approved by: Eamonn Barrett Signed: Position: Partner Date: 27 October 2009 This report has been prepared by Environmental Resources Management the trading name of Environmental Resources Management Limited, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at their own risk. Environmental Resources Management Limited Incorporated in the United Kingdom with registration number 1014622 Registered Office: 8 Cavendish Square, London, W1G 0ER CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 AIMS 2 1.3 APPROACH 2 1.4 STRUCTURE OF REPORT 3 1.5 WHAT DO WE MEAN BY SUSTAINABLE FINANCE 3 2 PA FINANCING IN CROATIA 5 2.1 CATEGORIES OF PROTECTED
    [Show full text]