DOCSLIB.ORG

298 How to Balance Forestry and Biodiversity Conservation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
298 How to Balance Forestry and Biodiversity Conservation How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation – A view across Europe 298 Hèches – ‘Groupement Forestier des montagnes particulières de’: a case from the mountains of southwestern France C 9 L. Larrieu1, G. Verdier 2 1 INRAE, UMR Dynafor, Castanet-Tolosan, France; CRPF Occitanie, Tarbes, France 2 GF president, Hèches, France Context, legal frame, and ownership (fig. C 9.1). The forests here have always been mul- structure tifunctional, and have mixed wood production, pastoralism, hunting, and harvesting of mushrooms The private forest area called ‘Groupement Fores- and forest berries. tier (GF) des montagnes particulières de Hèches’ In accordance with the presence of a wide array is located on the northern slope of the central of geological substrates, stands thrive in areas Pyrenees mountains in the region of Occitanie where the soil is thick and nutrient-rich, while in France N km 0 0,5 1 2 3 Sources: Esri, Airbus DS, USGS, NGA, NASA, CGIAR, N Robinson, NCEAS, NLS, OS, NMA, Geodatastyrelsen, Rijkswaterstaat, GSA, Geoland, FEMA, NMA, Geodatastyrelsen, Rijkswaterstaat, GSA, Geoland, NCEAS, NLS, OS, CGIAR, N Robinson, DS, USGS, NGA, NASA, Sources: Esri, Airbus Community contributors,and the GIS User NOAA,USGS, © OpenStreetMap Garmin, FAO, Sources: Esri, HERE, and the GIS user community; Intermap < Fig. C 9.1. Overview of the GF property; beech-fir stands dominate; however, the complex topography and geology favours a wide range of forest habitats. Because of the a very old tradition of livestock farming, grass- lands have replaced the subalpine forest (Photo: Laurent Larrieu). 299 Timber/Biomass Statement Groundwater Non-timber products “In the context of rapid biodiversity loss and climate change, we must adopt a fully Climate Erosion integrated management approach to try passing on to our children a property which will last centuries while providing Landscape Protection all the ecosystem services we have enjoyed to date.” Recreation Biodiversity Table C 9.1. General information on the forests of the GF des montagnes particulières de Hèches. Forest community Mostly mixed beech-fir montane forest (Fagion sylvaticae and Luzulo-Fagion). Locally Tilio-Acerion ravine forests and Cephalante- ro-Fagion dry beech forest Total forest area 930 ha (+272 ha of subalpine meadows) Main management type Selective cutting system Total mean volume Very wide range according to a wide array of soil conditions; from a few m3/ha (rocky soils) to more than 600 m3/ha (thick fertile soils) Annual growth Very variable. More than 10 m3/ha for the most productive stands Deadwood Wide range depending on local conditions and management intensity: from 9 to 60 m3/ha (diameter >10 cm) Altitude 620–1900 m a.s.l. (forest: 620–1500 m) Ownership Private forest; ‘Groupement Forestier’ status Geology 23 different substrates. Four main categories: (i) hard nutrient-rich Mesozoic limestones and dolomites; (ii) soft nutrient-rich Mesozoic clayey limestones and marls; (iii) acidic nutrient-poor Palaeozoic shales, Mesozoic puddingstones (conglomerate), ophite, etc.; and (iv) very acidic and strongly nutrient-poor Palaeozoic quartzite and shales Protected area 0 ha Nature protection area (Natura 2000) 0 ha Protected area for the water spring of the 20 ha with specific constraints on management community Area without harvesting Roughly 200 ha (20 %) other areas (e.g. on rocky soils and in open sunny carried out by the owners themselves. When areas) the stands are made up of small trees. How- needed, owners can be helped in technical decision ever, the Atlantic macroclimate means that the issues by an adviser from the Centre Regional de la average precipitation is high and the temperatures Propriété Forestière d’Occitanie (CRPFOcc, Occita- are relatively warm (fig. C 9.2), meaning that for- nie Regional Forest Ownership Centre). Except fire- ests can thrive. wood, the wood is sold to independent forest oper- The forest owner group is made up of roughly ators. Every summer, sheep, cows, and horses are 100 local people. The management decision-mak- grazed on the subalpine meadows. The animals ing body is a board with 14 members led by a pres- belong to two of the owners of the GF, but also to ident. The forest operations and management are livestock farmers who lease the right to graze their 300 C 9 Hèches, France animals on the land. Hunting rights and rights to A group of local farmers bought the property mushroom harvesting are reserved for the GF own- in 1860, with the main aim to use the subalpine ers and village inhabitants. meadows for livestock grazing in summer. Livestock Two of GF’s owners are employed part-time as also used some stands for grazing, particularly the rangers, with one focussing on forest issues and stands alongside paths, and stands located on one focussing on livestock issues. south-facing slopes which are sunny and become free from snow early in spring. Wood products were mostly for domestic use (firewood from Portrait broadleaves, timber from silver fir) or charcoal pro- duction for the local steel industry (that were in “As the president representing the owner set of production until 1943). For charcoal production, the GF, my mission is to apply sustainable and mul- stands were managed according to the coppice tifunctional management that benefits the owners, selection method. This forest history explains the but also the other villagers. The challenge is to rec- current dominance of beech (Fagus sylvatica) at the oncile production of high-quality timber, hosting of expense of silver fir (Abies alba) since grazing, fire livestock, the presence of a large game population and intensive logging favours tree species which allowing traditional hunting activities, and finally can sprout. harvesting of edible mushrooms and berries. In In the period from the end of World War II to addition, this property is also an area for recrea- 1978, there was very little harvesting. In 1979, the tional activities for people from outside the vil- owners shifted to timber production. However, lage.” summer grazing by livestock remained a necessity. A huge effort to build a road network (about 45 km) combining both truck and dirt roads pro- Forest history and cultural heritage vided access to about 80 % of the area. As beech timber has a high value, the stands were regularly The subalpine meadows have been grazed by live- logged until 2000, and annual harvesting was on stock for >5000 years. Old maps (Cassini’s maps, average about 3000 m3. A drop in wood price 1770; Vallauri et al. 2012) show a forest cover simi- slowed down the rate of logging after 2000 and to lar to the current one. Most of the stands were har- 2010. Since 2010, about 6000 m3 of timber have vested periodically between the seventeenth and been harvested annually. twentieth centuries, mainly for charcoal produc- Stands are mainly composed by naturally regen- tion. In the nineteenth century, the forest owners erated native species (fig. C 9.3). There are only a were also the owners of steel mills. few plantations of non-native conifers (about 10 ha), a b 180 mm 60°C 25°C 150 mm 50°C 20°C 07 08 n 120 mm 40°C 06 15°C 09 90 mm 30°C 05 10°C Growing season 60 mm 20°C 10 Precipitatio Temperature 04 11 5°C 30 mm 10°C 03 12 02 01 0 mm 0°C 0°C 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 20 mm 40 mm 60 mm 80 mm 100 mm 120 mm 140 mm 160 mm Months Precipitation Fig. C 9.2. Weather data (Hèches, 940 m a.s.l., Aurelhy model, 1981–2010); panel a: ombrothermic diagram using the scale ratio P = 3T since macroclimate is Atlantic; panel b: Climate graph, numbers indicate months. 301 How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation – A view across Europe including Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), black Most important services and products pine (Pinus nigra), European larch (Larix decidua). Some native broadleaved species have also been The wood sale is the most important income for the planted, including sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), owners, mostly timber (about 30–45 % of the vol- wild cherry (Prunus avium), and beech (about 20 ha). ume) (fig. C 9.4). The main expense is due to the The conifers were planted in 1992 and the maintenance of the road network (fig. C 9.5). broadleaves were planted in 1997, on ancient graz- ing or burned areas. The water spring, used for decades by the Conservation interest – habitats and rare whole village, is located on the property. A new species protection buffer has been set up in 2000, strictly protecting about 0.2 ha and constraining the Eighteen habitat types have been identified, includ- management of forest on the 20 ha around the ing forest and non-forest habitats (Pénin and Lar- spring. gier 2000). Biological inventories revealed the pres- ence of 374 species of beetles (including some rare species such as Teredus cylindricus, Denticollis Aims of the owners rubens, Microrhagus emyi or Malthinus bilineatus), 104 species of hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae), 17 In a global framework of sustainable management, species of bats, and the spider Harpactocrates the current economic aims of the owners are to ravastellus which is endemic to the Pyrenees (Lar- obtain an income from timber, provide annual fuel- rieu 2005). Fungi assemblages observed in dry Ses- wood for the owners (about 120 m3), and optimise leria caerulea beech-fir forest are unique in com- the use of the subalpine meadows by allowing live- parison with other European habitats of stock owners from outside the GF, since there Cephalanthero-Fagion (Corriol and Larrieu 2008). amount of livestock belonging to the local forest Because of the wide array of substrata and owners has declined.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LONGHORN BEETLE CHECKLIST - Beds, Cambs and Northants
    LONGHORN BEETLE CHECKLIST - Beds, Cambs and Northants BCN status Conservation Designation/ current status Length mm In key? Species English name UK status Habitats/notes Acanthocinus aedilis Timberman Beetle o Nb 12-20 conifers, esp pine n ox-eye daisy and other coarse herbaceous plants [very recent Agapanthia cardui vr 6-14 n arrival in UK] Agapanthia villosoviridescens Golden-bloomed Grey LHB o f 10-22 mainly thistles & hogweed y Alosterna tabacicolor Tobacco-coloured LHB a f 6-8 misc deciduous, esp. oak, hazel y Anaglyptus mysticus Rufous-shouldered LHB o f Nb 6-14 misc trees and shrubs y Anastrangalia (Anoplodera) sanguinolenta r RDB3 9-12 Scots pine stumps n Anoplodera sexguttata Six-spotted LHB r vr RDB3 12-15 old oak and beech? n Anoplophora glabripennis Asian LHB vr introd 20-40 Potential invasive species n Arhopalus ferus (tristis) r r introd 13-25 pines n Arhopalus rusticus Dusky LHB o o introd 10-30 conifers y Aromia moschata Musk Beetle o f Nb 13-34 willows y Asemum striatum Pine-stump Borer o r introd 8-23 dead, fairly fresh pine stumps y Callidium violaceum Violet LHB r r introd 8-16 misc trees n Cerambyx cerdo ext ext introd 23-53 oak n Cerambyx scopolii ext introd 8-20 misc deciduous n Clytus arietus Wasp Beetle a a 6-15 misc, esp dead branches, posts y Dinoptera collaris r RDB1 7-9 rotten wood with other longhorns n Glaphyra (Molorchus) umbellatarum Pear Shortwing Beetle r o Na 5-8 misc trees & shrubs, esp rose stems y Gracilia minuta o r RDB2 2.5-7 woodland & scrub n Grammoptera abdominalis Black Grammoptera r r Na 6-9
    [Show full text]
  • Summer 2019 1 the Iris 134 P1-3 E Layout 1 02/06/2019 10:41 Page 2
    The Iris Cover 134 new V2_Iris cover 08/06/2019 12:22 Page 1 ISSN 1757-2991 RPS Nature Group Residential Weekend 2019 Margam Discovery Centre Margam Park, Port Talbot, South Wales, SA13 2UA 18th - 21st October 2019 S Leader: James Foad LRPS P R E H T F O P U O R G 9 E 1 R 0 2 U T r A e N m E m u H S T / F This re-introduction of an Autumn Residential weekend is hoped to be as successful as the highly 4 O 3 supported summer Residential weekend. E 1 . N I o The cost is £170.25 single room occupancy / £147.75 shared room, per person for three nights. Z N A Prices include full board, Packed Lunch, accommodation and VAT at 20%. All rooms are en-suite. e G u A s s I We will have the use of the centre’s 16 seater mini bus for which there will be a small extra charge per mile. M A deposit of £85.00 by cheque made payable to Field Studies Council Ltd, and sent to the organiser within fourteen days of booking will be required to secure your place. If the deposit is not paid within this time and a waiting list is in operation there is a risk of losing the place. Deposits are non-returnable unless there is anyone on the waiting list who can take your place. S Main subjects of interest: Deer and Deer rutting, Fungi, autumn colours and water falls. I For further details and to book please contact: James Foad LRPS Phone: 07834 – 810430 Email: [email protected] Emails must have in the Subject box: RPS, NG Autumn Residential Weekend 2019 R Cheques made payable to: Field Studies Council Ltd should be sent to: Mr J.C.
    [Show full text]
  • LONGHORN BEETLE CHECKLIST - Beds, Cambs and Northants
    LONGHORN BEETLE CHECKLIST - Beds, Cambs and Northants BCN status Conservation Designation/ current status Length mm In key? Species English name UK status Habitats Acanthocinus aedilis Timberman Beetle o Nb 12-20 conifers, esp pine n Agapanthia cardui vr herbaceous plants (very recent arrival in UK) n Agapanthia villosoviridescens Golden-bloomed Grey LHB o f 10-22 mainly thistles & hogweed y Alosterna tabacicolor Tobacco-coloured LHB a f 6-8 misc deciduous, esp. oak, hazel y Anaglyptus mysticus Rufous-shouldered LHB o f Nb 6-14 misc trees and shrubs y Anastrangalia (Anoplodera) sanguinolenta r RDB3 9-12 Scots pine stumps n Anoplodera sexguttata Six-spotted LHB r vr RDB3 12-15 old oak and beech? n Anoplophora glabripennis Asian LHB vr introd 20-40 Potential invasive species n Arhopalus ferus (tristis) r r introd 13-25 pines n Arhopalus rusticus Dusky LHB o o introd 10-30 conifers y Aromia moschata Musk Beetle o f Nb 13-34 willows y Asemum striatum Pine-stump Borer o r introd 8-23 dead, fairly fresh pine stumps y Callidium violaceum Violet LHB r r introd 8-16 misc trees n Cerambyx cerdo ext ext introd 23-53 oak n Cerambyx scopolii ext introd 8-20 misc deciduous n Clytus arietus Wasp Beetle a a 6-15 misc., esp dead branches, posts y Dinoptera collaris r RDB1 7-9 rotten wood with other longhorns n Glaphyra (Molorchus) umbellatarum Pear Shortwing Beetle r o Na 5-8 misc trees & shrubs, esp rose stems y Gracilia minuta o r RDB2 2.5-7 woodland & scrub n Grammoptera abdominalis Black Grammoptera r r Na 6-9 broadleaf, mainly oak y Grammoptera ruficornis
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Social Insects
    G Guests of Social Insects resources and homeostatic conditions. At the same time, successful adaptation to the inner envi- Thomas Parmentier ronment shields them from many predators that Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of cannot penetrate this hostile space. Social insect Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium associates are generally known as their guests Laboratory of Socioecology and Socioevolution, or inquilines (Lat. inquilinus: tenant, lodger). KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Most such guests live permanently in the host’s Research Unit of Environmental and nest, while some also spend a part of their life Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of cycle outside of it. Guests are typically arthropods Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, associated with one of the four groups of eusocial and the Environment, University of Namur, insects. They are referred to as myrmecophiles Namur, Belgium or ant guests, termitophiles, melittophiles or bee guests, and sphecophiles or wasp guests. The term “myrmecophile” can also be used in a broad sense Synonyms to characterize any organism that depends on ants, including some bacteria, fungi, plants, aphids, Inquilines; Myrmecophiles; Nest parasites; and even birds. It is used here in the narrow Symbionts; Termitophiles sense of arthropods that associated closely with ant nests. Social insect nests may also be parasit- Social insect nests provide a rich microhabitat, ized by other social insects, commonly known as often lavishly endowed with long-lasting social parasites. Although some strategies (mainly resources, such as brood, retrieved or cultivated chemical deception) are similar, the guests of food, and nutrient-rich refuse. Moreover, nest social insects and social parasites greatly differ temperature and humidity are often strictly regu- in terms of their biology, host interaction, host lated.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS THAILAND January 2007 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/32E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department Overview of forest pests – Thailand DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in Thailand. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). ii Overview of forest pests – Thailand TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests...................................................................................................................... 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Edible Insects
    1.04cm spine for 208pg on 90g eco paper ISSN 0258-6150 FAO 171 FORESTRY 171 PAPER FAO FORESTRY PAPER 171 Edible insects Edible insects Future prospects for food and feed security Future prospects for food and feed security Edible insects have always been a part of human diets, but in some societies there remains a degree of disdain Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security and disgust for their consumption. Although the majority of consumed insects are gathered in forest habitats, mass-rearing systems are being developed in many countries. Insects offer a significant opportunity to merge traditional knowledge and modern science to improve human food security worldwide. This publication describes the contribution of insects to food security and examines future prospects for raising insects at a commercial scale to improve food and feed production, diversify diets, and support livelihoods in both developing and developed countries. It shows the many traditional and potential new uses of insects for direct human consumption and the opportunities for and constraints to farming them for food and feed. It examines the body of research on issues such as insect nutrition and food safety, the use of insects as animal feed, and the processing and preservation of insects and their products. It highlights the need to develop a regulatory framework to govern the use of insects for food security. And it presents case studies and examples from around the world. Edible insects are a promising alternative to the conventional production of meat, either for direct human consumption or for indirect use as feedstock.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beetles of Decaying Wood in Ireland
    The beetles of decaying wood in Ireland. A provisional annotated checklist of saproxylic Coleoptera. Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 65 The beetles of decaying wood in Ireland. A provisional annotated checklist of saproxylic Coleoptera. Keith N. A. Alexander 1 & Roy Anderson 2 1 59 Sweetbrier Lane, Heavitree, Exeter EX1 3AQ; 2 1 Belvoirview Park, Belfast BT8 7BL, N. Ireland Citation : Alexander, K. N. A. & Anderson, R. (2012) The beetles of decaying wood in Ireland. A provisional annotated checklist of saproxylic Coleoptera. Irish Wildlife Manual s, No. 65. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Dublin, Ireland. Keywords: beetles; saproxylic; deadwood; timber; fungal decay; checklist Cover photo: The Rhinoceros Beetle, Sinodendron cylindricum © Roy Anderson The NPWS Project Officer for this report was: Dr Brian Nelson; [email protected] Irish Wildlife Manuals Series Editors: F. Marnell & N. Kingston © National Parks and Wildlife Service 2012 ISSN 1393 – 6670 Saproxylic beetles of Ireland ____________________________ Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................................2 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Pests in Tropical Forestry, 2Nd Edition
    Insect Pests in Tropical Forestry, 2nd Edition We dedicate this book to our families, Trish, Richard, and Gev, and Ang, Cate, Nick, Richard, and Toby, for their patience and support during the writing of both editions of this book. Insect Pests in Tropical Forestry, 2nd Edition Dr F. Ross Wylie Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Queensland Government, Australia Dr Martin R. Speight Zoology Department, University of Oxford, and St Anne’s College, Oxford, UK CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © F.R. Wylie and M.R. Speight 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wylie, F.R. Insect pests in tropical forestry / F. Ross Wylie, Martin R. Speight. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84593-635-8 (pbk : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-84593-635-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Forest insects--Tropics. 2. Forest insects--Control--Tropics. I. Speight, Martin R. II. Title. SB764.T73W95 2012 595.71734--dc23 2011042626 ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 636 5 (Hbk) 978 1 84593 635 8 (Pbk) Commissioning editor: Rachel Cutts Editorial assistant: Alexandra Lainsbury Production editor: Simon Hill Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonia Latvia Lithuania Belarus
    eestoniastonia llatviaatvia llithuaniaithuania bbelaruselarus © Text: Liene Auniņa, Sandra Bērziņa, Lelde Eņģele, Andris Junkurs, Jānis Ķuze, Diāna Meiere, Natālija Jurgensone, Vilnis Skuja, Juris Smaļinskis, Baiba Strazdiņa, Kristaps Vilks, Dmitrijs Duboviks, Arkadijs Skuratovičs © Editing: Juris Smaļinskis, Baiba Strazdiņa The Latvian Country Tourism Association ‘Country Traveller’, Latvian Fund for Nature, Belarusian Association of Rural and Ecotourism ‘Country Escape’, 2012 Language Edited by: Inese Bernsone, Ivars Kabucis Designed by: „Dripe dizains”, www.dripe.lv Photos: Liene Auniņa, Maija Ārente, Vladimirs Baičarovs, Valda Baroniņa, Natālija Borisenko, Daiga Brakmane, Dmitrijs Duboviks, Lelde Eņģele, Anatolijs Galabovičs, Natālija Jurgensone, Pjotrs Loba- noks, Diāna Meiere, Valdis Pilāts, Agnese Priede, Vilnis Skuja, Arkadijs Skuratovičs, Juris Smaļinskis, Rūta Sniedze-Kretalova, Baiba Strazdiņa, Uvis Suško, Ilze Vilks, Boriss Vlasovs, Svetoslavs Volosjuks Photos in the Field Guide to Species: Trees, shrubs, clubmosses, horsetails, ferns and vascular plants: Liene Auniņa, Valda Baroniņa, Daiga Brakmane, Dmitrijs Duboviks, Lelde Enģele, Vija Kreile, Deniss Kretalovs, Agnese Priede, Nora Rustanoviča, Arkādijs Skuratovičs, Juris Smaļinskis, Uvis Suško Mosses: Ligita Liepiņa, Māra Pakalne, Agnese Priede, Juris Smaļinskis, Uvis Suško Lichens: Sandra Bērziņa Fungi: Inita Dāniele, Diāna Meiere, Juris Smaļinskis, Līga Turjanska Snails and slugs: Uģis Piterāns, Juris Smaļinskis, Voldemārs Spunģis Insects: Uģis Piterāns, Juris Smaļinskis,
    [Show full text]
  • Importation of Citrus Spp. (Rutaceae) Fruit from China Into the Continental
    Importation of Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) United States fruit from China into the continental Department of Agriculture United States Animal and Plant Health Inspection A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Pest Risk Service Assessment January 14, 2020 Version 5.0 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Citrus from China Executive Summary The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prepared this risk assessment document to examine plant pest risks associated with importing commercially produced fruit of Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) for consumption from China into the continental United States. The risk ratings in this risk assessment are contingent on the application of all components of the pathway as described in this document (e.g., washing, brushing, disinfesting, and waxing). Citrus fruit produced under different conditions were not evaluated in this risk assessment and may have a different pest risk. The proposed species or varieties of citrus for export are as follows: Citrus sinensis (sweet orange), C. grandis (= C. maxima) cv. guanximiyou (pomelo), C. kinokuni (Nanfeng honey mandarin), C. poonensis (ponkan), and C. unshiu (Satsuma mandarin). This assessment supersedes a qualititative assessment completed by APHIS in 2014 for the importation of citrus from China. This assessment is independent of the previous assessment, however it draws from information in the previous document. This assessment is updated to be inline with our current methodology, incorporates important new research, experience, and other evidence gained since 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • In Memoriam: Michael C
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 12-25-2020 In Memoriam: Michael C. Thomas. May 5, 1948–October 4, 2019 Paul E. Skelley Florida State Collection of Arthropods, [email protected] J. H. Frank University of Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Skelley, Paul E. and Frank, J. H., "In Memoriam: Michael C. Thomas. May 5, 1948–October 4, 2019" (2020). Insecta Mundi. 1325. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/1325 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. A journal of world insect systematics INSECTA MUNDI 0829 In Memoriam: Michael C. Thomas Page Count: 32 May 5, 1948–October 4, 2019 Paul E. Skelley Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry - Florida State Collection of Arthropods 1911 SW 34th St. Gainesville, Florida 32608 USA J. Howard Frank University of Florida Department of Entomology and Nematology Building 970, Natural Area Dr. Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Michael C. Thomas Festschrift Contribution Date of issue: December 25, 2020 Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc., Gainesville, FL Skelley PE, Frank JH. 2020. In Memoriam: Michael C. Thomas. May 5, 1948–October 4, 2019. Insecta Mundi 0829: 1–32. Published on December 25, 2020 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Tree Treatment
    NATURE AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT STANDARDS ARBORIST STANDARDS SPECIAL TREE SPPK A02 009: 2019 SERIES A TREATMENT Speciání zásahy na stromech Spezielle Baumbehandlung This standard is intended for definition of procedures used in special treatment particularly of trees growing in non-forest environments. References: ČSN 839001 (1999): Orchard and landscape management – Terminology, basic professional terms and definitions Act no. 20/1987 Coll. on State Heritage Management, as amended Act no. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, as amended Act no. 114/1992 Coll. on Nature and Landscape Protection, as amended Act no. 127/2005 Coll. on Electronic Communications and on amendment of certain acts (Electronic Communications Act), as amended Act no. 326/2004 Coll. on Phytosanitary Care and on amendment of certain acts, as amended Act no. 458/2000 Coll. on Requirements for Business and Public Administration in Energy Industries and on amendment of certain acts (Energy Act), as amended Decree no. 189/2013 Coll. on Tree Protection and Felling Permission, as amended Decree no. 395/1992 Coll., executing some provisions of Czech National Council Act no. 114/1992 Coll. on Nature and Landscape Protection, as amended Standard development: Developed for the NCA CR by the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, in 2014–2018. External examiner: Authorial collective: Ing. Jaroslav Kolařík, Ph.D. (head of authorial collective), Ing. Pavel Bulíř, Ph.D., Pavel Haupt, DiS., Ing. Ingrid Hlinomazová, DiS., Ing. Luděk Hojný, Bohdan Chadt, Mgr. Antonín Krása, Ing. Petr Martinek, Ing. Jiří Rozsypálek, Michal Šimek, RNDr. Irena Vágnerová, Ing. Barbora Vojáčková, DiS. Illustrations: Bc. David Ladra Documentation for the standard development is available in the NCA CR library.
    [Show full text]