Richard Williams - Det Obstruerede Geni

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Richard Williams - Det Obstruerede Geni The Thief and the Cobbler blev påbegyndt midt i 1960 erne og først i 2006 udsendt i en version, der svarer nogenlunde til, hvad instruktøren havde forestillet sig. Richard Williams - det obstruerede geni Historien om en kompromisløs kunstner og hans hovedværk, der var næsten 40 år undervejs A f Terkel K. Tolstrup Engelsk-canadieren Richard Williams (f. Williams’ egen stil er karakteriseret ved 1933) har altid sat høje mål for sig selv at være flydende, dynamisk og detaljeret og sine medanimatorer. For ham skal en ud i det ekstreme. Mens de fleste andre animator kunne tegne som Degas, og hans animationsstudier fra 1960’erne og frem arbejde skal kunne sammenlignes med er gået over til den simplificerede og mere 40 Goyas og Rembrandts værker. sparsommelige tilgang kaldet limited ani- a f Terkel K. mation (hvor kun nøglepunkter animeres, lige vision kunne opleves. Men det eventyr og hvor det er tilskuerens forestillingsevne, vender vi tilbage til. snarere end faktisk animation, der frem­ kalder bevægelsen), har Williams aldrig Filosofiske monstre. Richard Williams været bange for at gå imod strømmen. Han er født i Canada, men emigrerede tidligt har bibeholdt den klassiske, sprudlende og til Spanien for at studere og male. I 1955 dyre stil fra animationens guldalder om ­ flyttede han videre til England, hvor han i kring 1940 erne. London tog et job som reklamefilm-ani­ Det ekstravagante kommer smukt til ud­ mator. tryk i Williams’ hovedværk The Thief and Gennem sparsommelighed fik han skra­ the Cobbler, der tog form over en historisk bet penge nok sammen til at finansiere sin lang periode, fra om kring 1967 til 1993 første animerede kortfilm, The Little Island - og med en uautoriseret, men mere kom­ (1958). Filmen foretager i løbet af sine 30 plet version færdiggjort i 2006.1 denne minutter en lydløs filosofisk undersøgelse film bliver vi bl.a. indfanget i en jagt, der af menneskets besættelse af begreberne svimlende og bizart tager os med på rut­ skønhed, sandhed og godhed - visuali­ sjetur ned ad trapperne i et mellemøstligt seret gennem tre særprægede væsener. kongeslot. Man skal helt frem til Tarzans Skønhed og Godhed kommer, på grund susen af sted i lianerne i Tarzan (1999) for af deres rivaliserende natur, op at slås, og at finde mage til bevægelsesdynamik - el­ de transformeres til absurde monstre, der ler for at finde animation, der i den grad i deres voldelige indbyrdes kamp ryster virker tredimensional. En sammenligning hele jorden, alt imens Sandhed morer sig af de to film som håndværk vil dog uvæ­ over kampen, og der gives point på en tavle gerligt falde ud i Williams’ favør. For hvor med form som en atombombe. Filmen er Tarzan-sekvensen er delvist computer­ et skoleeksempel på, hvordan abstrakte animeret, er rIhe Thief and the Cobbler 100 begreber kan få liv på en både håndgribelig procent håndtegnet. og morsom måde. Og Williams’ animati­ Williams’ kompromisløse tilgang til den onstekniske omhu, der siden er blevet et tegnede animation har desværre ikke været af hans varemærker, er tydelig i detaljerig­ fulgt af en tilsvarende flair for at styre de dommen allerede i denne film. projekter, han har været ansvarlig for. Mere The Little Island blev i 1959 blandt andet end én gang har han m åttet se film blive belønnet med det britiske filmakademis taget ud af sine hænder og færdiggjort BAFTA-pris for bedste animationsfilm. efter kvalitetsstandarder så langt under Forventningerne til Williams’ fremtidige hans egne, at slutproduktet nærmest virker arbejde var skyhøje. grotesk. Denne administrative akilleshæl Succesen med The Little Island gjorde havde nær kostet Williams hans elskede det muligt for ham at starte sit eget studie. The Thief and the Cobbler, der gennem Forretningsplanen var simpel, men velfun­ 1980’erne og 90’erne tog kursen nedad i en gerende. Han balancerede studiets opgaver spiral af stadigt værre klipninger og tvivl­ mellem reklamefilm, der sikrede en stabil somme tilføjelser. indtjening, og personlige animationsfilm, Det var først i 2006, efter at fans ved som pengene blev brugt på. Efter denne internettets hjælp havde iværksat et større fremgangsmåde lykkedes det ham at lave restaureringsarbejde, at Williams’ oprinde­ kortfilmene A Lecture on Man (1961) og Richard Williams - det obstruerede geni Love Me, Love ME (1962), som begge er den øvrige animation, der var populær smukt animeret. Alligevel fornemmer man, i tiden, og som manifesterede sig i f.eks. at Williams ikke her havde nær så meget George Dunnings Yellow Submarine på hjerte, som tilfældet havde været med (1968). The Little Island. Williams selv har siden Selv om muligheder for at arbejde vi­ omtalt dem som banale i indhold og præ­ dere hos både Walt Disney Productions get af manglende originalitet. og United Productions of America bød Williams’ skabende kraft var måske nok sig, ville Williams ikke give afkald på sin sat lidt på vågeblus, men hans tekniske frihed. Derfor endte han med at ansætte raffinement nåede nye højder i en række kendte anim atorer i sit eget studie. A ni­ reklamefilm op gennem 60’erne, bl.a. for matorer, der så samtidig fungerede som spiritusmærket Truman Bitter. undervisere for de yngre animatorer og for Den perfektionistiske stil, der kom til Williams selv. udtryk i alle Williams’ produktioner, førte Derudover begyndte han med jævne til, at han fik mulighed for at animere mellemrum at besøge Disneys studier, hvil­ åbningssekvenser til store spillefilm som ket gjorde det muligt for ham at opbygge W hat’s New, Pussycat? (1965, Hva nyt, Pus­ et nært venskab med mange af de største sycat?) og Casino Royale (1967). animatorer hos konkurrenten. Williams’ Williams’ mest interessante arbejde i idealistiske tilgang til animationen gjorde 60 erne var dog nok mellemsekvenserne til det let for ham at vinde sympati og respekt. Tony Richardsons satiriske The Charge of Blandt dem, der ønskede at arbejde sam­ the Light Brigade (1968, For Englands ære). men med ham, var koryfæer som Grim Her forener Williams’ sekvenser anima­ Natwick (Betty Boops opfinder og chef­ tionens og karikaturtegningens dyder på animator hos Disney), Ken Harris (der bl.a. raffineret vis, således at den victorianske havde utallige Snurre Snup-kortfilm bag periode på samme tid bliver fejret og lat­ sig) og Art Babbitt (Fedtmules skaber og terliggjort. Det engelske rige fremstilles animator på adskillige af Disney-studiernes bl.a. som en noget døsig løve. hovedværker). Richard Williams’ forkærlighed for karikaturtegning kommer også umisken­ Et livsværk påbegyndes. Allerede i 1967 deligt til udtryk i hans langt senere bog The havde Richard Williams indledt arbejdet Animators Survival Kit (2001), hvor han på det, der skulle blive ikke blot hans me­ blandt andet karikerer sig selv og sine lære­ sterværk, men også en milepæl i anima­ mestre Milt Kahl og Art Babbitt. tionskunsten: The Thiefand the Cobbler. En tidlig titel på projektet var The Amazing Pædagoger søges. Det gik rigtig godt for Nasruddin, for til at begynde med ønskede Williams’ studie i 60’erne, men instruktø­ Williams at lave en film over de filosofiske ren selv følte stadigvæk, at han manglede og morsomme myter om Mulla Nasrud­ viden og evner på det animationstekniske din. Mulla Nasruddin er en mellemøstlig område. Det blev især klart for ham, da sagnfigur, der anvender naive, ulogiske og han i 1967 så Walt Disneys The Jungle Book irrationelle argumenter lagt ind i satiriske og fascineredes af Milt Kahls animation af anekdoter til at få sine budskaber igennem tigeren Shere Khan. For Williams virkede på en alternativ, men effektiv måde. Selv 42 dyrets bevægelser langt mere levende end om situationen, der beskrives, ofte er tosset a f Terkel K. og bizar, er Nasruddins opponenter altid prøvelser for at få guldkuglerne tilbage og totalt afvæbnet efter sammenstødet. redde kongeriget. Selve idéen til historien kom fra Wil­ Williams konceptualiserede sit nye liams arbejde som illustrator på bogen The projekt som en gennemført visuel, næsten Exploits of the Incomparable Mulla Nasrud- stum film, hvor historien blev fortalt gen­ din (1966). Sammen med forfatteren til nem animationen. Noget af det bemær­ bogen, den indisk-engelske sufi-tænker kelsesværdige ved filmen er personernes Idries Shah, lavede Williams kortfilmen ekstremt realistiske bevægelser og de de­ The Dermis Probe (1965) som en slags for­ taljerige baggrunde. Et utal af nyskabende smag på det stort anlagte Nasruddin-pro- animationsteknikker blev udviklet for at jekt. Idries Shah og hans velstående familie kunne realisere de fantastiske scener, hvor var til at begynde m ed så begejstrede, at de filmens verden fremtræder nærmest tre­ var parate til at finansiere filmatiseringen dimensional. En teknisk landvinding var af historierne om Nasruddin. Men så be­ den ’kameraføring’, hvor man suser ind og gyndte genvordighederne. ud mellem bazarens hektiske gader, rundt Williams og Shaherne blev uvenner, og i slottets vidunderlige gange og kommer da familien også havde rettighederne til faretruende tæt på krigsmaskinens døde­ historierne, blev Williams tvunget til at lige våben. ændre sit manuskript. Han nægtede at lade Allerede i 70’erne, mens filmen endnu det hidtidige animationsarbejde gå til spil­ var i produktion, var den omgærdet af de og valgte i stedet at justere historien, så så meget hype, at den nærmest opnåede den lå i omegnen af Tusind og én nats even­ kultstatus. Den blev blandt andet omtalt tyr. På den måde kunne de mange persiske i den toneangivende International Film designs og allerede animerede sekvenser Guide i årene 1968, 1969 og 1970, og det alligevel bruges. Resultatet var en historie, var specielt de kendte animationsnavne, der på mange punkter minder om eventy­ der skabte opmærksomhed om projektet. ret om Aladdin. Williams havde blandt andre fået før­ Filmens to hovedpersoner er skomage­ nævnte Grim Natwick, Ken Harris og Art ren Tack, der ikke har meget andet i hove­ Babbitt til at arbejde på projektet, og med det end sit arbejde, og en navnløs tyv, der så mange af animationshistoriens legender lever i et kongerige midt i en ørken.
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