DOCSLIB.ORG

Can the Burning of Holy Books Ever Be Justified? Waseem Ahmad Qureshi Advocate Supreme Court of Pakistan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Can the Burning of Holy Books Ever Be Justified? Waseem Ahmad Qureshi Advocate Supreme Court of Pakistan Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice Volume 24 | Issue 1 Article 5 9-1-2017 Can the Burning of Holy Books Ever Be Justified? Waseem Ahmad Qureshi Advocate Supreme Court of Pakistan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/crsj Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, and the Human Rights Law Commons Recommended Citation Waseem Ahmad Qureshi, Can the Burning of Holy Books Ever Be Justified?, 24 Wash. & Lee J. Civ. Rts. & Soc. Just. 63 (2017). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/crsj/vol24/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice at Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice by an authorized editor of Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Can the Burning of Holy Books Ever Be Justified? Dr. Waseem Ahmad Qureshi* Abstract While exploring the historical context of the burning of books during the times of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of unified China, the European Dark Ages, the colonial era, the Nazi Germany era, Iranian triumphs, and contemporary instances of the burning of literature, comics, and history, philosophy, and religious books, this paper identifies “freedom of expression” as the underlying principle for the burning of holy books, an action that eventually fuels religious hatred, public disorder, and violence in society. Notwithstanding such consequences, Pastor Terry Jones announced an event calling for the burning of the Holy Qur’an on the ninth anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. Simultaneously, European right-wing political and religious leaders also have pronounced hate speech against Islam, which has resulted in enraged mass protests in Muslim countries. Ironically, the United States (“U.S.”) and European (“EU”) media have provided full coverage on hate speech, which has resulted in the intensification of Islamophobia in the EU and the U.S. Articles 19 and 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (“ICCPR”) and Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (“ECHR”), to which the U.S. and the EU have agreed, cover the rights of freedom of religion; but they regard religion as a private matter and do not make state-backed interventions to prohibit any act of hate speech except insofar as it might disrupt public order and national security. Key-terms: Burning holy books, Hate speech, Freedom of speech, Freedom of expression, Blasphemy. * Advocate Supreme Court of Pakistan. 63 64 24 WASH. & LEE J. CIVIL RTS. & SOC. JUST. 61 (2017) Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................... 64 I. Ancient History ................................................................. 66 II. Colonization and Displacement ........................................ 67 III. Postcolonial Era ................................................................ 70 IV. Youth Culture and Moral Army ....................................... 72 V. Rationality of Burning of Books ....................................... 74 VI. Media and Sociologists ..................................................... 75 VII. Public Disorder and Burning of Religious Books ............. 78 VIII. Legality of Religious Hate Speech and Actions in U.S. ............................................................................... 80 IX. Legality of Religious Hatred Actions and Speech in Europe .............................................................. 89 X. Banning Hate Perpetrators .............................................. 95 XI. Conclusion ........................................................................100 Introduction “Islam is of the devil . Eternal fire is the only destination the Qur’an can lead people to”1 were the defamatory words of Pastor Terry Jones to justify his plans of arranging an “International Burn the Qur’an” event on the ninth anniversary of the 9/11 attacks.2 Some fanatics have called for Europe to ban the Qur’an from Europe altogether, which have mainly been driven by the leader of the Dutch Freedom Party, Geert Wilders, who claims that the Qur’an showed some similarities with Nazism and Adolf Hitler’s notions in Mein Kampf.3 His ambition was to counter the 1. Lauren Russel, Church Plans Quran-Burning Event, CNN (July 31, 2010), http://www. cnn.com/2010/US/07/29/florida.burn.quran.day/index.html (on file with the Washington & Lee Journal of Civil Rights & Social Justice). 2. See id. (explaining Pastor Terry Jones’ thoughts on Islam and his plans to burn the Quran). 3. See Andrew Bostom, The Koran and Mein Kampf: From Winston Churchill, to Geert Wilders, ANDREWBOSTOM.ORG (Mar. 4, 2008), http://www. CAN THE BURNING OF HOLY BOOKS EVER BE JUSTIFIED? 65 Islamization of Europe.4 Although no book was burned by Terry Jones after requests from former President Barack Obama,5 the international media furor surrounding him, as for Geert Wilders, put the two in the spotlight and gave them a chance to provoke religious hatred at the international level.6 Books can be banned or censored heavily, but the burning of religious books can incite the emotions of masses, raising the prospect of destructive acts being carried out by society.7 The burning of holy books symbolizes hate,8 intolerance, thought control, and the eradication of culture, faiths, and beliefs that underpin global and local diversity.9 This Article will explore the issue of burning books regarding historic instances and debates, and will analyze the evidence to conclude that there can never be any rightful justification for the burning of holy books. Also, this act impinges upon the right of freedom of expression, which itself comes with a responsibility to protect the freedom of expression for others. This Article will also evaluate prominent legislation and andrewbostom.org/blog/2008/03/04/the-koran-and-mein-kampf-from-winston- churchill-to-geert-wilders (quoting Geert Wilder’s statement that “The Koran’s core theme is about the duty of all Muslims to fight non-Muslims; an Islamic Mein Kampf”) (on file with the Washington & Lee Journal of Civil Rights & Social Justice). 4. See id. (reciting Geert Wilder’s statement that “the Islamic incursion must be stopped . If we do not stop Islamification now, Eurabia and Netherabia will just be a matter of time”). 5. See Ewen MacAskill & Aunohita Mojumdar, Barack Obama Appeal Halts Pastor’s Plan to Burn Qur’ans—For Now, GUARDIAN (Sept. 11, 2010), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/10/barack-obama-pastor-quran- burning (clarifying that Barack Obama requested that Terry Jones refrain from burning books) (on file with the Washington & Lee Journal of Civil Rights & Social Justice). 6. See generally id. 7. See generally Jon Henley, Book-burning: fanning the flames of hatred, GUARDIAN (Sept. 10, 2010), https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/sep/10/ book-burning-quran-history-nazis (on file with the Washington & Lee Journal of Civil Rights & Social Justice). 8. See NICOLETTA KARAM, THE 9/11 BACKLASH: A DECADE OF U.S. HATE CRIMES TARGETING THE INNOCENT 435 (2012) (claiming that burning holy books symbolizes hatred). 9. See Henley, supra note 7 (“‘So to burn one of any kind, and certainly one that is a representation of a culture and set of beliefs, is to appear to consign it to the flames of eternal damnation.’”). 66 24 WASH. & LEE J. CIVIL RTS. & SOC. JUST. 61 (2017) litigation against hate speech in the United Kingdom (“UK”) and the U.S. I. Ancient History The burning of books is by no means a new phenomenon.10 It has had a long history and continues to this day.11 The first such instance took place in the reign of the first emperor of unified China,12 Qin Shi Huang, in 213 BC, when he ordered the burning of each and every book written prior to his rule except those books that were related to agriculture, divinity, and medicine.13 Since that time, a social stigma is attached to the burning of books, for whatever reason.14 Such examples have also occurred in European history. For instance, individuals like Colmcille, who was popularly known as the “Warrior Monk” and had translated and written the Bible for propagating Christianity in the pagan Irish land, were threatened by religious bigots who arranged book burning rituals during the Dark Ages.15 Incidents of book burning took place in ancient history whenever an establishment or ruler felt antagonistic and fearful toward ideas scripted in a particular book.16 Allegations were made 10. See id. (explaining the long and dark history of book-burning around the World). 11. See id. (describing major book-burning events since ancient times). 12. See MATT FISHBURN, BURNING BOOKS 2 (2008) [hereinafter FISHBURN] (“The first recorded state-sponsored book burning is the destruction ordered by Grand Councillor Li Ssu in Ch’in China in 213 BC.”). 13. See DOROTHY PERKINS, ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHINA: HISTORY AND CULTURE 408 (Alexis Wilson et al. eds., 2013) (“Scholars who disobeyed this order were to be executed, and not long after the book burning, 460 scholars supposedly were buried alive.”). 14. See FISHBURN, supra note 12, at 153 (highlighting the stigma that has developed around book burning); see also YOULAN FENG, A HISTORY OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY: THE PERIOD OF THE PHILOSOPHERS 15 (Derk Bodde trans., Princeton Univ. Press 1983) (explaining the burning of books
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anthropoetics VIII, 2
    Anthropoetics VIII, 2 Anthropoetics VIII, no. 2 Fall 2002 / Winter 2003 ISSN 1083-7264 Table of Contents 1. Chris Fleming and John O'Carroll - Notes on Generative Anthropology: Towards an Ethics of the Hypothesis 2. Thomas Bertonneau - Post-Imperium: The Rhetoric of Liberation and the Return of Sacrifice in the Work of V. S. Naipaul 3. Douglas Collins - The Great Effects of Small Things: Insignificance With Immanence in Critical Theory 4. Raoul Eshelman - Performatism in the Movies (1997-2003) 5. Matthew Schneider - "What matters is the system!" The Beatles, the "Passover Plot," and Conspiratorial Narrativity 6. Benchmarks Return to Anthropoetics home page Eric Gans / [email protected] Last updated: http://www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu/ap0802/ap0802.htm [1/14/2003 11:45:13 PM] Fleming & O'Carroll - Notes on Generative Anthropology: Towards an Ethics of the Hypothesis Anthropoetics 8, no. 2 (Fall 2002 / Winter 2003) Notes on Generative Anthropology: Towards an Ethics of the Hypothesis Chris Fleming and John O'Carroll School of Humanities University of Western Sydney Penrith South DC NSW 1797 Australia [email protected] [email protected] 1. Eric Gans, the Hypothesis, and the Humanities Scholars in the human sciences (the arts, liberal thought, and the verstehen varieties of social sciences) are often called upon to supply new modes of thinking to meet the challenges of a post-Marxist, post-modern, even post-humanist world. A new cartography of methodological expectations and possibilities within the purview of these human sciences would now appear desirable. Never has the world of thought-about-thought been required to perform so much, and only rarely, regrettably, has it offered so little.
    [Show full text]
  • Donald Trump, the Changes: Aanti
    Ethnic and Racial Studies ISSN: 0141-9870 (Print) 1466-4356 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rers20 Donald Trump, the anti-Muslim far right and the new conservative revolution Ed Pertwee To cite this article: Ed Pertwee (2020): Donald Trump, the anti-Muslim far right and the new conservative revolution, Ethnic and Racial Studies, DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2020.1749688 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2020.1749688 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 17 Apr 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 193 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rers20 ETHNIC AND RACIAL STUDIES https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2020.1749688 Donald Trump, the anti-Muslim far right and the new conservative revolution Ed Pertwee Department of Sociology, London School of Economics, London, UK ABSTRACT This article explores the “counter-jihad”, a transnational field of anti-Muslim political action that emerged in the mid-2000s, becoming a key tributary of the recent far- right insurgency and an important influence on the Trump presidency. The article draws on thematic analysis of content from counter-jihad websites and interviews with movement activists, sympathizers and opponents, in order to characterize the counter-jihad’s organizational infrastructure and political discourse and to theorize its relationship to fascism and other far-right tendencies. Although the political discourses of the counter-jihad, Trumpian Republicanism and the avowedly racist “Alt-Right” are not identical, I argue that all three tendencies share a common, counterrevolutionary temporal structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism, Repression and Ethnocide in Honduras And
    Rights Action January 6, 2017 ******* Tourism, Repression and Ethnocide in Honduras and Guatemala: From back-packers to 5-star hotels and cruise ships (http://us9.campaign-archive2.com/?u=ea011209a243050dfb66dff59&id=1bd9c3a32a) ~Connecting The Dots: This is how global inequality and injustice work~ Honduras’ Caribbean coast, populated for over 220 years by indigenous Garifuna people, now being violently and corruptly forced from their lands by tourism, African palm, “model city” and narco-trafficking economic interests. Below: • “Honduras: Government-supported tourism pushes Garifuna maroons off their land of 200 years”, by Diana Bohn • “Top Guatemalan beauty spot mired in indigenous rights conflict”, by David Hill From mining and dams, to African palm and bananas, from garment “sweat-shop” factories, to tourism, most grassroots organizations Rights Action supports and works with are involved in community and environmental defense struggles against harms, human rights violations and repression caused by mainly international companies and investors supported by governments, the World Bank and IMF. • What to do/ How to support: See below ******* Honduras: Government-supported tourism pushes Garifuna maroons off their land of 200 years December 30, 2016, by Diana Bohn http://sfbayview.com/2016/12/honduras-government-supported-tourism-pushes-garifuna- maroons-off-their-land-of-200-years/ In the Honduran Garifuna community of Barra Vieja, an eloquent spokesperson educates the “Root Causes of Migration” group as one member of the delegation records and another takes notes. – Photo: Root Causes Delegation In the early 1800s, the government of Honduras awarded 2,500 acres of ancestral land to the Garifuna, descendants of shipwrecked and/or escaped African slaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Murder, Arrogance of Power, and the Struggle for Social Dominance in the US
    Murder, Arrogance of Power, and the Struggle for Social Dominance in the US The moral cesspool of National Politics Introduction Since leaving a start-up company as a result of the dot-com bust, I have engaged in, among other things, reviewing the literature to try to understand the controversy regarding various, potentially linked, events, including: the murders of John Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and Robert Kennedy; Iran-Contra; the PROMIS affair; the October surprise; domestic call-boy—corruption rings; the Panama invasion, and the two Iraq wars. Note: Most people who read the following will find it extremely disturbing, since it shakes our confidence in our basic institutions and leaders. However, I believe that the material below is accurate. It represents a distillation of many books and web references which, though written independently by credible researchers, corroborate each other. Although I have footnoted many of the statements, I chose not to be even more comprehensive to make the document shorter and more readable. It is not enough to just document excesses, though. I plan another white paper to deal with correcting those excesses.1 Initially, two key remedies appear to be: Almost complete transparency in government, and declassification of almost everything over, say, 10 years old. Setting up independent review panels of any federal operations that have the capacity to commit, or allow, significant crimes. Decriminalization of drug possession and distribution. Drug money is funding almost all the illicit activities, and maintaining a web of corruption that is so pervasive that the entire government is dysfunctional2. 1 The revelations in this document are less than a few percent of that convincingly presented in the literature.
    [Show full text]
  • And Burning Chair Limited
    AGREEMENT BETWEEN BURNING CHAIR LIMITED AND [AUTHOR] Dear [AUTHOR] Your Publishing Agreement with Burning Chair Limited The following pages contain your publishing agreement with Burning Chair Limited (“Burning Chair”) in relation to your book: “[TITLE]”. Please read it carefully. This is a legally binding document and so we strongly recommend that you take legal advice before signing. For ease of reference, we set out below the key terms of this agreement. Please note that the following bullet points are intended to be illustrative of the main agreement in the interests of clarity. You should still make sure you read and understand the main agreement. If there is any conflict between the below and the main agreement, the main agreement will take precedence. • The preamble states that this deal specifically only refers to your book, provisionally titled “[TITLE]” (“the book”). You are not tied to Burning Chair for any other past or future works, unless you separately agree to do so. • Rights granted. You agree that Burning Chair has sole and exclusive rights to produce, publish and distribute your book – worldwide and in the English language in eBook, paperback and audiobook formats (clause 1). If someone else infringes copyright in the book, Burning Chair can pursue them on your behalf (with Burning Chair covering the costs of doing so) (Clause 16). • Length. This agreement is for a minimum of 12 (twelve) years (clause 1.1). At the end of this period, this agreement will continue until either you or Burning Chair terminate it by giving three months’ notice in writing (clause 19.2).
    [Show full text]
  • Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples: a Bibliography
    Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples: A Bibliography Robert K. Hitchcock Department of Anthropology and Geography University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68588-0368 [email protected] Adalian, Rouben (1991) The Armenian Genocide: Context and Legacy. Social Education 55(2):99-104. Adalian, Rouben (1997) The Armenian Genocide. In Century of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views, Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons and Israel W. Charny eds. Pp. 41-77. New York and London: Garland Publishing Inc. Adams, David Wallace (1995) Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience 1875-1928. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. Africa Watch (1989) Zimbabwe, A Break with the Past? Human Rights and Political Unity. New York and Washington, D.C.: Africa Watch Committee. Africa Watch (1990) Somalia: A Government at War With Its Own People. Testimonies about the Killings and the Conflict in the North. New York, New York: Human Rights Watch. African Rights (1995a) Facing Genocide: The Nuba of Sudan. London: African Rights. African Rights (1995b) Rwanda: Death, Despair, and Defiance. London: African Rights. African Rights (1996) Rwanda: Killing the Evidence: Murders, Attacks, Arrests, and Intimidation of Survivors and Witnesses. London: African Rights. Albert, Bruce (1994) Gold Miners and Yanomami Indians in the Brazilian Amazon: The Hashimu Massacre. In Who Pays the Price? The Sociocultural Context of Environmental Crisis, Barbara Rose Johnston, ed. pp. 47-55. Washington D.C. and Covelo, California: Island Press. Allen, B. (1996) Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzogovina and Croatia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. American Anthropological Association (1991) Report of the Special Commission to Investigate the Situation of the Brazilian Yanomami, June, 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • Delta Windsvolume 34 | 2021 a Collection of Student Essays
    Volume 34 | 2021 Delta WindsA Collection of Student Essays 1 Letter from the Editors In the fall of 1991, the first volume of Delta Winds It has been a real privilege to carry on the rich appeared for sale for $2.00 in the bookstore of tradition that Jane, Bob, and Will have passed on San Joaquin Delta College. Newly-hired English to us. It has also been an honor to meet some of faculty member Jane Dominik created the the students who comprise this current volume magazine with the intent of publishing student (number 34) of Delta Winds, and we know many essays that “merit a wider reading audience.” readers will find their stories heartfelt and Five years later, while standing in line for the inspirational. We hope this magazine serves as commencement ceremonies, she asked Robert a tribute to these gifted student writers, and we Bini and William Agopsowic to take over the reins hope that their work will be shared in English of her project, which by then had become well- courses not just here at Delta but at other received in the English Department. They agreed institutions of higher education. under the condition that her biannual publication become an annual publication. They knew they Each volume of the magazine would never could never keep up with Jane’s pace, but they have been published without the help of figured that two of them could do half the work personnel in the print shop, the backing from the that she did. And even so, it would be a challenge.
    [Show full text]
  • A Complete List of the Definitions Found in the Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and Culture
    A complete list of the definitions found in The Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and Culture A Aborigine \ Acculturation Group \ Adaptation \ Adjustment \ Affirmative \ Afrocentrism \ Aggression \ Alien \ Alienation \ Altruism \ Amnesty \ Anticipated \ Anti-Racism \ Anti-Semitism \ Apartheid \ Art \ Assimilation \ Asylum \ Ausländer B Bilingualism \ Bioethics \ Black \ Boat People \ Border C Caste \ Chauvinism \ Circumcision \ Citizenship \ Civilization \ Colonialism \ Colour Bar \ Colour- Blind Society \ Coloured \ Commission for Racial Equality \ Community \ Complementarism \ Concentration Camp or Death Camp \ Conformism \ Cosmopolitism \ Creole \ Cross-Cultural \ Cross-Cultural Medicine \ Cultural Areas \ Cultural Determinism \ Cultural Evolutionism \ Cultural Imperialism \ Cultural Relativism \ Culture \ Cybernazis D Dance \ Denizen \ Deportation \ Developing Countries \ Diaspora \ Differentialism \ Discrimination \ Diversity-Similarity \ Double Consciousness \ Dual Citizenship E Ebonics \ Eco-Racism \ Emancipation \ Emigration \ Empowerment - Disempowerment \ Enculturation \ Equality \ Ethnic \ Ethnic Cleansing \ Ethnic Enterprises \ Ethnic Minority \ Ethnic Politics \ Ethnicity \ Ethnicity and Race \ Ethnicization \ Ethnocentrism \ Ethnocide \ Ethno-Nationalism \ Ethnopsychiatry \ Evolution \ Exclusion \ Exile \ Exoticism \ Extracomunitario F Family \ Family Reunification \ Flows \ Folklore \ Foreigner \ Fortress \ Free Movement \ Frontier \ Fundamentalism G Gastarbeiter \ Genocide \ Genome \ Genotype \ Ghetto \ Globalization \ Gypsy
    [Show full text]
  • 11/6/2018 Write-In Summary Report (All Candidates) BOARD of EDUCATION - DISTRICT 1
    11/6/2018 Write-in Summary Report (All Candidates) BOARD OF EDUCATION - DISTRICT 1 A RAINEAR 1 CHRIS MURRAY 1 ADAM HATCH 2 CHRISTINE ASHOO 1 AHMED SMALLS 1 CHRISTINE KUSHNER 2 ALEX CARR 1 CINDY BEAMAN 1 ALEX FORD 1 CLAY WILKINS 2 ALICE E VERLEZZA 1 COREY BRUSH 1 ALL TERRIBLE CHOICES PROTECT KIDS IN CLASS 1 CYNTHIA WOOLARD 1 ALLEN BUTCHER 1 DAFFY DUCK III 1 AMANDA GOWL 1 DANIEL GREY SCURRY 1 ANGELA LEISER 2 DANIEL HARRIS 1 ANGIE WIGHT 1 DANIEL HORN 1 ANNETTE BUSBY 1 DANNY SMITH 1 BEN DOBERSTEIN 2 DAPHNE LANCASTER 1 BENJAMIN DOVER 1 DAPHNE SUTTON 2 BERNIE SANDERS 1 DAVID HARDISTER 1 BETH BOWMAN 1 DAVID RUNYON 1 BETSY BENOIT 1 DAVID SANFORD 1 BILL FLELEHAN 1 DAVID WOOD 1 BILL NYE 1 DEANNE TALLEY 1 BILLY THE KID 1 DEBORAH PRICKETT 1 BLANK 7 DEEZ NUTS 1 BOB MELONE 1 DEEZ NUTZ 1 BOB SPAZIANO 1 DEMOCRAT 1 BOBBIE CAVNAR 1 DENNIS BRAWNER 1 BOBBY JONES 1 DON MIAL 1 BRAD HESSEL 1 DONALD DUCK 2 BRANDON WASHINGTON 1 DONALD MIAL 2 BRANNON WILLIAMS 1 DONNE WILLIAMS 1 BRIAN LEWIS 1 DURWOOD MCGILLACUDY 1 BRUCE ASHFORD 1 EDWARD ALTON HUNTER IV 1 BRUCE MAMEL 1 ELIZABETH WARREN 1 CANDLER THORNTON 1 ELVIS PRESLEY 1 CASH 1 EMILY JOLLEY 1 CATHY SANTOS 1 EMILY SHEFFIELD 1 CHAD ALLEN 1 EMMANUEL WILDER 1 CHARLES EDWARD CHEESE 1 ERIC BROWN 1 CHARLES LEE PERRY 1 ERIKA JILL CLOSE 1 CHERIE WIGGS 1 ERIN E O'LEARY 1 CHERYL GARNER 1 ETHAN MATTHEWS 1 CHRIS BAILEY 1 ETHAN SIMS 1 CHRIS BJORNSTED 1 EUSHA BURTON 1 CHRIS COLLUM 1 EVAN L POLLARD 1 11/6/2018 Write-in Summary Report (All Candidates) BOARD OF EDUCATION - DISTRICT 1 EVERITT 1 JIMMY ALSTON 1 FELIX KEYES 1 JO ANNE
    [Show full text]
  • Law School Announcements 2013-2014 Law School Announcements Editors [email protected]
    University of Chicago Law School Chicago Unbound University of Chicago Law School Announcements Law School Publications Fall 2013 Law School Announcements 2013-2014 Law School Announcements Editors [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/ lawschoolannouncements Recommended Citation Editors, Law School Announcements, "Law School Announcements 2013-2014" (2013). University of Chicago Law School Announcements. Book 2. http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/lawschoolannouncements/2 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Publications at Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Chicago Law School Announcements by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago The Law School Announcements Fall 2013 ii The Law School Contents OFFICERS AND FACULTY ........................................................................................................ 1 Officers of Administration ............................................................................................ 1 Officers of Instruction .................................................................................................... 1 Law School Visiting Committee................................................................................... 7 THE LAW SCHOOL ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Death of the Book Through the Ages - Nytimes.Com
    The Death of the Book Through the Ages - NYTimes.com http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/books/review/the-death-of-the... August 10, 2012 Dead Again By LEAH PRICE Two decades ago, the Book Review ran an essay, “The End of Books,” in which the novelist Robert Coover questioned whether print could survive the age of “video transmissions, cellular phones, fax machines, computer networks, and in particular out in the humming digitalized precincts of avant-garde computer hackers, cyberpunks and hyperspace freaks.” Was the book as “dead as God”? Coover’s answer was noncommittal, but his metaphor launched a thousand eulogies for the book as we knew it: a gathering of printed pages mass-produced on spec to be sold to anonymous strangers for financial gain. Back then, hyperlinks were the killer app. Coover’s title punned on the page-turning powers of the codex, which sweeps novel readers inexorably from Page 1 to The End. (He ignored how many codices, like the Yellow Pages, are designed for random access; millenniums before the advent of Bible.com, the codex allowed the first Christians to cross-reference their Scriptures.) Now, succession planners have shifted their sights from the lowly hyperlink to the seemingly indomitable e-reader. Earlier this year, the Pew Research Center calculated that the percentage of Americans who own e-reading devices doubled last December. Christmas, for centuries the publishing industry’s busiest season, became a gift to hardware manufacturers. And last year, Amazon announced it was selling more e-books than print books — hardcover and paperback combined.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage As a Tool for Ethnocide: the Case of Kuwait
    THE INTENTIONAL DESTRUCTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A TOOL FOR ETHNOCIDE: THE CASE OF KUWAIT Brittany Neihardt Senior Independent Thesis Spring 2017 “A nation stays alive when its culture stays alive.” - Motto of the National Museum of Afghanistan Rubble of Mausoleum of Alpha Moya in Mali, Destroyed 2012 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................. 3 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Cultural Heritage ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Identity and Ethnicity.................................................................................................................................... 6 Intentional Destruction ................................................................................................................................. 8 War Crime ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]