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Report, Volume-1, India CENSUS O.F INDIA, 1951 r N D I A PART -I-k--df REPORT R. A. GOP ALASWAMI. \ OF THE IND~N .eIVIn SER-rro~ Re{jutrd'f lt~ni¥af~ Uztlfa 'an'll fx-vJfi,& tJe1Uu1'iJOmini88ioner fot'ln4m P ric e , Veluu Ordinary PART I.A-Report Rs. 10/· or 16 sh. Rs. 3/- or5 sh. PART I.B-Appendices o Rs. 10/. or 16 sb. Rs. 3/- or 5 sb. P.&.B.TS I"A & I-B (combined) Re. 15/. or 23 ah. 6 d. Re.5/. or 8 ab. PRlNTBD IN INDIA BY THE SURI!NIaA ftlN'Il!ltS PR.IVA.TE LTD., DBLBJ AND PVBLISHIID IY THI! MANAGBR OF PUlUCATJONS, DHLlB, 191)7 FEW PEOPLB OUTBIDE realiBe tAaI CIS1I4W" an admim1".strative operation 0/ great dimeMiofy and~ in addition, it is a scientific prOOU8. Indian censUR, in part1:c'Ular, covers tke laf'gut population in the world and it i8 also 07U oj the m08' economical adminiatrativ~ o~ratio'n8" Oensus all an 'in&tilueion goe,'1 back to the rf>mote past, but it is no longer a mere counting 0/ Aeads; it 'infJol'V~~ e.xtraction 0/ informaticna which plays a 1Jital role 1"n the determi,lIaticm oJ many of our admini8trative policies. PM facts elicited during the t"ffUr81' oj this oplJratio'll yield valuable scie.ntific data 0/ 8ociological imporlance. In many matters it prov£du a usef1tl guide for the effectivenes.r; or otherwiIM oj our economic policies. The theory of popu­ lation is 1:n itse.lf an interesting part of econo­ mica. The censu8 help8 us to test and adapt ,hat theory to !ads. -Sardar VALLABHBBAI PATJCL No. 6I/ti9/51-RG THB REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA New Delhi, the 1st August, 1953 _... From ~hrj (t.·\ Gopala.swami, 1.0.8., Registrar General, India ; and p-x-oJlicio Census Commissioner for India. To The Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi Sir, [ have the honour to submit herewith my report on the 1951 UensU8. Yours faithfull.\. R. A. (;OPALASWAMI. Registrar General. India ; and (,x-officio CeDSllR Commi88ionf~r for India INTHODUCTION The 1951 Census Reports-The reports on the 1951 Census are issued in 17 volumes, which are divided into 63 parts. The first of these volumes contains the All·India ('..enSU8 Report. It il divided into five part,s entitlGd : PART I-A-REPORT; PaT I-B-MPENDIC:lS TO TaB RJIPOST; P fiT II-A-DEHOQItUHlC TABLES; PaT II-B--EcONOMIC TABLES (General Popula.tion); PART II-C-EcONOMIC TABLES (Rural B.nd Urban Population). The other volumes which are divided into 59 parts, (:ont.ain tho State Census Reports. These are prepared by my colleagues-th(~ Ruperintendents of Census Operations-in different states as shown below : Volume Nunillf' NrJ.tl1e of Name of Superi'lltrt1dent numbt,· nf 111/fUr ~late(,) Shri gAJESIlWARI PRASA.D, 1.A..S. JI f> Ut,laf I.'radBllh Shri S. VENKATll:SWARAN. 1.0.13. III ~ IliILcirus and Coorg Mr. J. B. BOWH.Ul, I.O.B. TV Bomb",y, Sau.· " rashtra And Kutoh Shri R&NOBOR PIU.8AD, I.A.i. v a Bihar Shri ASOJt MITRA, 1.0.S. VI ~ WeRt Bengal AI'ld Sikkitn 8hri J. D. KU4W ... LLA, 1 ..... S. vn (i Madhya. Prad.,b (Died 0" 7'10 195~) Ihri LAX8BMI CHANDRA VA8BISBTBJ., of Punjab Civil Service VIII Punjab, PEPSU. Delhi, Hima.chal Pradesh aDd Bilupur Shri C. K. MUR.THY, I.A.S. IX 4, HYdere.bad Sbri Y.&JIUl( A l4.L D.uaOB... X 5 Rajasthan and Ajmer Sbri M.AmnD of Oriaaa Civil Service XI 3 01 11 Shri R. 'B; VAOBAIWALLA, I.O.S. XiI 4, Assam, Manipur a.nd Tripura. Dr. U. S. NAIR ~III 3 Travancore-Cochin Shri. J. B. MALLAlUDHYA, I.A.8 .• XIV 2 Mysore Shri RANGLAL XV 4 Madhya Bharat and Bhopal Shri N. K. DUllE . XVI 2 Viudhya Pradesh Shd A. K. GHOSH, I.O.B. XVII 1 Anuaman and Nicobar Islands 59 2. District Census Handbooks-In addition to the All-India ('("nsus Report and the State Census Heports, 307 District Census Handbooks have been compiled by my colleagues. Each handbook relates to one district separately and contains all the 1951 Census statistics relating to different loral areas within the district as well as the basic totals of population (by eight sepa­ rate livelihood classes) for every village and every ward of every town in the district. The handbooks (which are issued as State Guvernment publicatiuns) also include other items of information relating to the districts which could be readily assembled and seemed likely to be useful for purposes of reference. 3. Census of India Brochures-It will be noted that the statistical information contained in the All-India Census Report is limited to demo­ graphic and economic data relating to the country as a whole. Other types of data are published separately in a series of brochures. These are self-contained papers, which present the relevant statistics with the minimum of introductory information required for their proper understanding and use. This series of brochures also includes a summary of demographic and economic data which it was found necessary to make available to the public in advance of the main report, as well as some which are of a specialised nature. The following brochures have been published: (i) Final Population~ Totals; (ii) Population Zones, Natural Regions, Sub-regions and Divisions; (iii) Sample Verification of the 1951 Census Count:; (it!) Religion; (t!) Summary of Demographic and Economic Data; (vi) Special Groups. (vii) Maternity Data; (viii) Languages; (ix) ])i~p]ae'ed Persons; (x) Age Tabh>s; (X?') Life Tables; (xii) Literacy and Educational Standards; and (xiii) Subsidiary Tables. 4. Cost-Th('se art:' the' cnd-produ('ts of the 1951 C(lnSllfl. The total cost inyolv<.>d, cannot bt, stake] exactly until aih'r I}('xt -,,('Ill'. Hut, IlR mOAt of the expenditure is know)), t hl' total ('all ht, ('st ima h'd fi.l irly ('lmwJ~'. It if-! rt'ekouod that the C(,l1tml GowrtlJl1l'nt. will ha\\' S}ll'llt H!l lakhH of rUpt'PR ill a,lI on the 1951 Cemllls. ThiH wOI'kR out to 11, slim of Hs, 41/12 p(lr 1,000 pprMollH ('lHltnera. wd, 'l'hc ('orl'{>H}londillg rate' for til(' l!1~n (\'IIHUI" (til<' last, ('('IIHIJS for which filII tahnlation was UlHi('rtak(,ll) was Hs. 15,S. TIlt' I'is(' ill tlw lI11il. ('ost is limaller than ihp im'l"('lIl-l(, which has L)('('UITl'd in tho gPJlol"al kv('1 of pric'PH, wn~('s and salaries 8i11('e In8l. 5. Preparation -TIl(' fl,)'AtPHl of <,ensllH-taJdng in India iH Homl'what nnw-mal. It us('d to bl' likc'lwcl in tl\P past to til(> ph(l(llIix--- the ollly hiI'd of its kind whi('h is rqHlt('d to ('ompl<>te it:,; lift'-eyde hy lmrning itR(,lf 011 t!t(~ flllH'rul J1i It' and t h(lll to riHl' from 1he asheR wit h n'llc'wI·1i yuut II to live t hl'Ollllh allot.her (,yde. \ 1\lI'. M. W. M. YEATTS IlPs(~J'ib('d it ill somewhat, JI'HH ('oJ)]plilllt'lltary terlllS as foUl)wS : "The RyHtc'm, jf that word can he uflf'd her<', if! in hrief that ('\'('ry 10 years some officer iH appointed to (~ondud, It ("{mRUR Rnd of1ic'pr'H to work undl'f him are appointed in eaeh province. The HtllkH l,akp ('orres­ pOl1lJing action. These appointments arc made at t he minimum of time beforehand and within one year gl){'st.jonnain'8 have t,() he settled, the whole country divided into ellumeration unitH, n. hi<~rarehy of enumeration officerR creatcd and trained, milliollA of HdwciuleH of slip8 printed and distributed over the face of the country, the whole process of enumeration carried out and checked, tahulation then carried out in offices located in any old plaee that (~an he found, on make-shift pigeon-holes and furniture and with temporary staffs, rushed through the presses-and then, in the third year the whole system is wound up, the officers and the office staffs are dispersed and India makes haste to discard and forget as soon as possible all the experience 80 painfully brought together." Shortly after the transfer of power, Government decided to put an end to iT this reproach. The action taken by Goverrunent was described in the following terms by the late Sardar V ALLABHllHAI PATEL, then Home Minister, when he inaugurated the first Census Conference: "Ever since I assnmedcharge of the Home Ministry, I have been taking some interest in census matters and I was really very happy to have been instrumental in placing on the Statute Book a permanent enactment dealing with the whole operation of Census .......... "Hitherto, the Census used to be looked upon as a decennial operation for which haphazard temporary arrangements used to be made. I have already stated that there is now a permanent Census Act on the Statute Book and Government have already a permanent office of the Registrar General and Census Commission€'r. It is our intention through this unified organisation to effect continuOllfl improvement over the whole field of popUlation data including the Censlllil and vital statistios and to conduct experiments in sampling which would reduce not only the elaboration of these operations but also the cost." Mr. YEA'l'T8, who had taken part in the 1931 CenBU!! as the Superintendent of Census Operations in Madras and directed the 1941 Census as Census Commissioner for India, was appointed Registrar General and ex-officio Census Commissioner.
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