DOCSLIB.ORG

Ther5 2 055 057 Averianov.Pm6

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ther5 2 055 057 Averianov.Pm6 Russian J. Theriol. 5 (2): 5557 © RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF THERIOLOGY, 2006 Enigmatic bilophodont molariform tooth from the Eocene of Central Russia Alexander O. Averianov & Alexander A. Yarkov ABSTRACT. A partial upper molariform tooth from the Upper(?) Eocene of Srednyaya Akhtuba, Volgo- grad Province, is described. The tooth is characterized by an incipient bilophodont structure with paracone and metacone placed extremely labially and almost without the labial cingulum. The tooth is compared with the members of mammalian orders Rodentia, Perissodactyla, Embrithopoda, Proboscidea, and Sirenia having the bilophodont dentition. It is most similar with the teeth of extinct sea cows of the family Dugongidae and may belong to this group. KEY WORDS: tooth morphology, Eocene, Volgograd Province. Alexander O. Averianov [[email protected]], Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia; Alexander A. Yarkov [[email protected]], Museum of Natural History, Humanitarian Institute, ul. 40 Let Pobedy, Volzhskii 404132, Volgograd Region, Russia. Çàãàäî÷íûé áèëîôäîíòíûé ìîëÿðîïîäîáíûé çóá èç ýîöåíà Öåíòðàëüíîé Ðîññèè À.Î. Àâåðüÿíîâ, À.À. ßðêîâ ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Îïèñàí ôðàãìåíòàðíûé âåðõíèé ìîëÿðîïîäîáíûé çóá èç âåðõíåãî(?) ýîöåíà Ñðåäíåé Àõòóáû, Âîëãîãðàäñêàÿ îáëàñòü. Çóá õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ çà÷àòî÷íûì áèëîôîäîíòíûì ñòðîåíèåì ñ ïàðàêîíîì è ìåòàêîíîì â ìàêñèìàëüíî ëàáèàëüíîì ïîëîæåíèè è ïðàêòè÷åñêè ëèøåí ëàáèàëüíîãî öèíãóëþìà. Çóá ñðàâíèâàåòñÿ ñ ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿìè îòðÿäîâ Rodentia, Perissodactyla, Embrithopoda, Proboscidea è Sirenia èìåþùèìè áèëîôîäîíòíûå çóáû. Îí íàèáîëåå ñõîäåí ñ çóáàìè ìîðñêèõ êîðîâ âûìåðøåãî ñåìåéñòâà Dugongidae è ìîæåò ïðèíàäëåæàòü ïðåäñòàâèòåëþ ýòîé ãðóïïû. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: ìîðôîëîãèÿ çóáîâ, ýîöåí, Âîëãîãðàäñêàÿ îáëàñòü. Introduction Description. The tooth is relatively little worn but polished by postmortem abrasion. The brachyodont A peculiar mammal tooth fragment was found in the crown consists of two main transverse lophs, protoloph Recent alluvial deposits of Akhtuba River near village and metaloph, and prominent pre- and postcingulum Srednyaya Akhtuba on the left bank of the Volga River with narrow basins between cingula and the main lophs. in Volgograd Province. It was reworked from older, The protoloph is somewhat higher than the metaloph, possibly Upper Eocene deposits together with other with a distinct wear facet occupying almost all the fossils, including a carapace of a crab Xanthopsis sp., paracone. The precingulum is smooth, not cuspulate. In teeth of sharks Jakelotodus trigonalis (Jaekel, 1895), Striatolamia macrota (Agassiz, 1843), Palaeocarchar- the anterior basin there are two small cuspules. The odon turgidus (Agassiz, 1843) and Myliobatis sp., and central valley is an irregular broken line, widely open a chimaeroid toothplate (determinations by AYa). labially. The metaloph is not worn in the region of the The tooth shows brachyodont and incipiently bilo- metacone, but there are two small circular wear facets phodont morphology and is compared with the repre- at the location of metaconule, indicating presence of a sentatives of the mammalian orders which have biloph- double metaconule. In the region of the metaconule the odont dentition. metaloph and postcingulum possibly were connected Collection abbreviation. VGI Museum of Natural by a thin longitudinal ridge. On the labial-most end of History, Humanitarian Institute, Volzhskii, Volgograd Prov- the postcingulum there is a distinct cusp with a well- ince, Russia. developed wear facet, the metastyle. There is a very Systematic paleontology weak labial cingulum along the base of the paracone and anterior half of the base of the metacone. The MAMMALIA Linnaeus, 1758 enamel is smooth on the occlusal side and finely wrin- Mammalia indet. kled on the labial side. The roots are not preserved. Fig. 1 Labially there is a common swelling of the basal crown side with two narrow pulp canals for labial roots. Material. VGI 231/20, labial part of a right upper molar- iform tooth. Srednyaya Akhtuba, Volgograd Province, Russia; Measurements. VGI 231/20: Labial crown length upper(?) Eocene. 24.7 mm. 56 Alexander O. Averianov & Alexander A. Yarkov Figure 1. VGI 231/20, labial part of a right upper molariform tooth in labial (A) and occlusal (B) views (stereopairs). Srednyaya Akhtuba, Volgograd Province, Russia; upper(?) Eocene. Comparison lack of the labial cingulum VGI 231/20 is similar with premolars of the middle(?) Eocene embrithopod Hyp- Determination of VGI 231/20 is difficult because of samasia Maas et al., 1998 from Turkey (Maas et al., its incompleteness. Representatives of several mamma- 1998: fig.2A). Unfortunately, poor preservation of Hyp- lian orders show bilophodont dentition: Diprotodontia, samasia precludes further comparisons. In more de- Rodentia, Perissodactyla, Embrithopoda, Proboscidea, rived embrithopods the crowns are more hypsodont and Sirenia, Pyrotheria, and Xenungulata (e.g., Thenius, strongly bilophodont (Radulesco & Sudre, 1985; Court, 1989). Below VGI 231/20 is compared with selected 1992), inviting no comparison with VGI 231/20. representatives of these groups apart from marsupials Proboscidea. The earliest proboscidean, early Eo- (Diprotodontia) and South American ungulates (Py- cene Phosphatherium Gheerbrant, Sudre & Cappetta, rotheria and Xenungulata) which occurrence in Euro- 1996 from Morocco, is similar with VGI 231/20 in pean Russia seems unlikely. having no labial cingulum and labial position of the Rodentia. Attribution of VGI 231/20 to a rodent paracone and metacone (Gheerbrant, 2005). However, would be unrealistic because of its large size. Neverthe- the paraloph in this taxon is already a real loph (crest), less, this specimen shows similarities with dentition of unlike condition in VGI 231/20. In the Eocene-Oli- some early rodents, like members of Ischyromyidae gocene Moeritherium Andrews, 1901 from Egypt the (e.g., Wood, 1962). The most obvious difference of labial cusps are more bunodont and placed more lingual- VGI 231/20 from such teeth is complete lack of the ly compared with VGI 231/20 (Thenius, 1989: figs.741 mesostyle. and 742). In more derived bilophodont proboscideans Perissodactyla. Even in the earliest perissodactyls (Deinotherioidea) the dentition is fully bilophodont, there is a labial cingulum, distinct ectoloph, and en- with marked paraloph and metaloph (Thenius, 1989). larged parastyle (e.g., Ting, 1993; Holbrook et al., Sirenia. VGI 231/20 is similar with teeth of primi- 2004; Hooker & Dashzeveg, 2004), features which tive Eocene sea cows, like Prorastomus Owen, 1855 distinguish VGI 231/20 from the members of this order. (Prorastomidae), Protosiren Abel, 1907 (Protosi- Embrithopoda. In a primitive embrithopod, Pale- renidae), Eotheroides Palmer, 1899, and Prototherium ocene Phenacolophus Matthew & Granger, 1925 from de Zigno, 1887 (Dugongidae). In more derived Dugon- Mongolia, the paraloph is more crest-like and there is a gidae the dentition becomes bunodont. In the Recent better developed labial cingulum compared with VGI Dugong Lacépède, 1799 the teeth become hypsodont 231/20 (McKenna & Manning, 1977). By relative labi- evergrowing, and lacking enamel in adults, and with the al position of the paracone and metacone and virtual cusp pattern totally eliminated by early wear. In mana- Enigmatic bilophodont molariform tooth from the Eocene of Central Russia 57 tees (Trichechidae) a primitive brachyodont biloph- References odont pattern of molariform teeth is retained, but never- theless their teeth are more lophodont than in VGI 231/ Court N. 1992. A unique form of dental bilophodonty and a 20, with reduced cusp pattern. Moreover, the evolution functional interpretation of peculiarities in the masticato- of this group was confined to America and West Africa ry system of Arsinoitherium (Mammalia, Embrithopoda) and it would be unlikely to be present in the Eocene of // Historical Biology. Vol.6. P.91111. Eastern Europe. By sirenian standards, VGI 231/20 Domning D.P., Morgan G.S. & Ray C.E. 1982. North Amer- could be DP5 or M1-3, but it is likely not a DP5, ican Eocene sea cows (Mammalia: Sirenia) // Smithso- because of considerable enamel thickness, and not a nian Contributions to Paleobiology. No.52. P.169. M3, because it is not so asymmetrical. Domning D.P. & Ray C.E. 1986. The earliest sirenian (Mam- The differences among upper molariform teeth of malia: Dugongidae) from the eastern Pacific Ocean // primitive Eocene sirenians are hard to assess, because Marine Mammal Science. Vol.2. No.4. P.263276. in the majority of specimens they are damaged or heavi- Gheerbrant E., Sudre J., Tassy P., Amaghzaz M., Bouya B. & ly worn, and because the molar pattern in these forms is Iarochene M. 2005. Nouvelles données sur Phosphathe- generally very similar. rium escuilliei (Mammalia, Proboscidea) de lÉocène Detailed comparison of VGI 231/20 with Prorasto- inférieur du Maroc, apports à la phylogénie des Probos- mus is impossible, because the only known specimen of cidea et des ongulés lophodontes // Geodiversitas. T.27. the latter genus with upper molars has the teeth consid- No.2. P.239333. erably worn (Savage et al., 1994). Holbrook L.T., Lucas S.G. & Emry R.J. 2004. Skulls of the In Protosiren fraasi Abel, 1907 from the Middle Eocene perissodactyls (Mammalia) Homogalax and Isec- Eocene of Egypt (Sickenberg, 1934: fig.10, pl.1, fig.8) tolophus // Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Vol.24. and Protosiren sp. from the Middle Eocene of Florida No.4. P.951956. and North Carolina
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1.1 První Chobotnatci 5 1.2 Plesielephantiformes 5 1.3 Elephantiformes 6 1.3.1 Mammutida 6 1.3.2 Elephantida 7 1.3.3 Elephantoidea 7 2
    MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV GEOLOGICKÝCH VĚD Jakub Březina Rešerše k bakalářské práci Využití mikrostruktur klů neogenních chobotnatců na příkladu rodu Zygolophodon Vedoucí práce: doc. Mgr. Martin Ivanov, Dr. Brno 2012 OBSAH 1. Současný pohled na evoluci chobotnatců 3 1.1 První chobotnatci 5 1.2 Plesielephantiformes 5 1.3 Elephantiformes 6 1.3.1 Mammutida 6 1.3.2 Elephantida 7 1.3.3 Elephantoidea 7 2. Kly chobotnatců a jejich mikrostruktura 9 2.1 Přírůstky v klech chobotnatců 11 2.1.1 Využití přírůstků v klech chobotnatců 11 2.2 Schregerův vzor 12 2.2.1 Stavba Schregerova vzoru 12 2.2.2 Využití Schregerova vzoru 12 2.3 Dentinové kanálky 15 3 Sedimenty s nálezy savců v okolí Mikulova 16 3.1 Baden 17 3.2 Pannon a Pont 18 1. Současný pohled na evoluci chobotnatců Současná systematika chobotnatců není kompletně odvozena od jejich fylogeneze, rekonstruované pomocí kladistických metod. Diskutované skupiny tak mnohdy nepředstavují monofyletické skupiny. Přestože jsou taxonomické kategorie matoucí (např. Laurin 2005), jsem do jisté míry nucen je používat. Některým skupinám úrovně stále přiřazeny nebyly a zde této skutečnosti není přisuzován žádný význam. V této rešerši jsem se zaměřil hlavně na poznatky, které následovaly po vydání knihy; The Proboscidea: Evolution and Paleoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, od Shoshaniho a Tassyho (1996). Chobotnatci jsou součástí skupiny Tethytheria společně s anthracobunidy, sirénami a desmostylidy (Shoshani 1998; Shoshani & Tassy 1996; 2005; Gheerbrant & Tassy 2009). Základní klasifikace sestává ze dvou skupin. Ze skupiny Plesielephantiformes, do které patří čeledě Numidotheriidae, Barytheriidae a Deinotheridae a ze skupiny Elephantiformes, do které patří čeledě Palaeomastodontidae, Phiomiidae, Mammutida, Gomphotheriidae, tetralofodontní gomfotéria, Stegodontidae a Elephantidae (Shoshani & Marchant 2001; Shoshani & Tassy 2005; Gheerbrant & Tassy 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Mammals 61
    © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORCHAPTER SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Classification © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 4 NOT FORof SALE MammalsOR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 2ND PAGES 9781284032093_CH04_0060.indd 60 8/28/13 12:08 PM CHAPTER 4: Classification of Mammals 61 © Jones Despite& Bartlett their Learning,remarkable success, LLC mammals are much less© Jones stress & onBartlett the taxonomic Learning, aspect LLCof mammalogy, but rather as diverse than are most invertebrate groups. This is probably an attempt to provide students with sufficient information NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FORattributable SALE OR to theirDISTRIBUTION far greater individual size, to the high on the various kinds of mammals to make the subsequent energy requirements of endothermy, and thus to the inabil- discussions of mammalian biology meaningful.
    [Show full text]
  • West Indian Manatee (Trichechus Manatus) Habitat Characterization Using Side-Scan Sonar
    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Master's Theses Graduate Research 2017 West Indian Manatee (Trichechus Manatus) Habitat Characterization Using Side-Scan Sonar Mindy J. McLarty Andrews University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation McLarty, Mindy J., "West Indian Manatee (Trichechus Manatus) Habitat Characterization Using Side-Scan Sonar" (2017). Master's Theses. 98. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses/98 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT WEST INDIAN MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS) HABITAT CHARACTERIZATION USING SIDE-SCAN SONAR by Mindy J. McLarty Chair: Daniel Gonzalez-Socoloske ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Thesis Andrews University School of Arts and Sciences Title: WEST INDIAN MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS) HABITAT CHARACTERIZATION USING SIDE-SCAN SONAR Name of researcher: Mindy J. McLarty Name and degree of faculty chair: Daniel Gonzalez-Socoloske, Ph.D. Date completed: April 2017 In this study, the reliability of low cost side-scan sonar to accurately identify soft substrates such as grass and mud was tested. Benthic substrates can be hard to classify from the surface, necessitating an alternative survey approach. A total area of 11.5 km2 was surveyed with the sonar in a large, brackish mangrove lagoon system. Individual points were ground-truthed for comparison with the sonar recordings to provide a measure of accuracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina Juan D. Carrillo and Robert J. Asher ABSTRACT We describe one of the oldest notoungulate skeletons with associated cranioden- tal and postcranial elements: Thomashuxleya externa (Isotemnidae) from Cañadón Vaca in Patagonia, Argentina (Vacan subage of the Casamayoran SALMA, middle Eocene). We provide body mass estimates given by different elements of the skeleton, describe the bone histology, and study its phylogenetic position. We note differences in the scapulae, humerii, ulnae, and radii of the new specimen in comparison with other specimens previously referred to this taxon. We estimate a body mass of 84 ± 24.2 kg, showing that notoungulates had acquired a large body mass by the middle Eocene. Bone histology shows that the new specimen was skeletally mature. The new material supports the placement of Thomashuxleya as an early, divergent member of Toxodon- tia. Among placentals, our phylogenetic analysis of a combined DNA, collagen, and morphology matrix favor only a limited number of possible phylogenetic relationships, but cannot yet arbitrate between potential affinities with Afrotheria or Laurasiatheria. With no constraint, maximum parsimony supports Thomashuxleya and Carodnia with Afrotheria. With Notoungulata and Litopterna constrained as monophyletic (including Macrauchenia and Toxodon known for collagens), these clades are reconstructed on the stem
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrodamalis Gigas, Steller's Sea Cow
    The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T10303A43792683 Hydrodamalis gigas, Steller's Sea Cow Assessment by: Domning, D. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Domning, D. 2016. Hydrodamalis gigas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T10303A43792683. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10303A43792683.en Copyright: © 2016 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Mammalia Sirenia Dugongidae Taxon Name: Hydrodamalis gigas (Zimmermann, 1780) Common Name(s): • English: Steller's Sea Cow Assessment Information Red List Category & Criteria: Extinct ver 3.1 Year Published: 2016 Date Assessed: April 4, 2016 Justification: The last population of Steller's Sea Cow was discovered by a Russian expedition wrecked on Bering Island in 1741.
    [Show full text]
  • Filling a Gap in the Proboscidean Fossil Record: a New Genus from The
    Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from the Lutetian of Senegal Rodolphe Tabuce, Raphaël Sarr, Sylvain Adnet, Renaud Lebrun, Fabrice Lihoreau, Jeremy Martin, Bernard Sambou, Mustapha Thiam, Lionel Hautier To cite this version: Rodolphe Tabuce, Raphaël Sarr, Sylvain Adnet, Renaud Lebrun, Fabrice Lihoreau, et al.. Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from the Lutetian of Senegal. Journal of Paleontology, Paleontological Society, 2019, pp.1-9. 10.1017/jpa.2019.98. hal-02408861 HAL Id: hal-02408861 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02408861 Submitted on 8 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from 2 the Lutetian of Senegal 3 4 Rodolphe Tabuce1, Raphaël Sarr2, Sylvain Adnet1, Renaud Lebrun1, Fabrice Lihoreau1, Jeremy 5 E. Martin2, Bernard Sambou3, Mustapha Thiam3, and Lionel Hautier1 6 7 1Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de 8 Montpellier, Montpellier, France <[email protected]> 9 <[email protected]> <[email protected]> 10 <[email protected]> <[email protected] > 11 2Univ.
    [Show full text]
  • Manus Descriptions of an Undescribed Mastodon from the Latest Miocene-Earliest Pliocene Gray Fossil Site, with Comparisons to Other North American Proboscidean Taxa
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 12-2019 Manus Descriptions of an Undescribed Mastodon from the Latest Miocene-Earliest Pliocene Gray Fossil Site, with Comparisons to other North American Proboscidean Taxa Brenna Hart-Farrar East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Geology Commons, and the Paleobiology Commons Recommended Citation Hart-Farrar, Brenna, "Manus Descriptions of an Undescribed Mastodon from the Latest Miocene-Earliest Pliocene Gray Fossil Site, with Comparisons to other North American Proboscidean Taxa" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3680. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3680 This Thesis - unrestricted is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Manus Descriptions of an Undescribed Mastodon from the Latest Miocene-Earliest Pliocene Gray Fossil Site, with Comparisons to other North American Proboscidean Taxa _________________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Geosciences East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Geosciences _________________________________ by Brenna J. Hart-Farrar December 2019 _________________________________ Steven C. Wallace, Chair Chris. Widga Blaine W. Schubert Keywords: Gray Fossil Site, Mammut, Mastodon, Morphology, Manus ABSTRACT Manus descriptions of an Undescribed Mastodon from the Latest Miocene-Earliest Pliocene Gray Fossil Site, with Comparisons to other North American Proboscidean Taxa by Brenna J.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoja Cachi.P65
    Cachi 1 RESUMEN Pucará y Altos del Cajón de edad ordovícica repre- sentan el magmatismo paleozoico en la Cordillera La Hoja Geológica 2566-III, CACHI, está ubi- Oriental. cada en las provincias de Salta y Catamarca, en el Las sedimentitas cretácico-paleógenas del Gru- noroeste de Argentina. Esta cubre parte de dos pro- po Salta afloran en la Cordillera Oriental. Esta uni- vincias geológicas: la Puna en el oeste, la cual ocupa dad está integrada por los depósitos de sinrift del aproximadamente el 70% de la superficie de la Hoja, Subgrupo Pirgua, constituido por conglomerados y y la Cordillera Oriental o Subprovincia de las Cum- areniscas rojas, y las secuencias de postrift de los bres Calchaquíes, en el este. Subgrupos Balbuena y Santa Bárbara, integradas por Los pueblos de Payogasta, Cachi, Seclantas, Mo- areniscas, areniscas carbonáticas, pelitas y ocasio- linos y Angastaco constituyen las principales con- nales calizas correspondientes a las Formaciones centraciones urbanas en la parte oriental y las minas Lecho, Yacoraite, Mealla, Maíz Gordo y Lumbrera. Tincalayu y Fénix son los centros de desarrollo más El Paleógeno de la Puna está representado por importantes de la región puneña. Las principales ac- la Formación Geste, compuesta por conglomerados tividades económicas del sector oriental de la Hoja y areniscas, cuya fauna registra condiciones de cli- son la ganadería, agricultura y turismo, mientras que ma subtropical. La actividad del arco magmático en el sector occidental es la minería. andino y el acortamiento tectónico controlaron la Las provincias geológicas tienen una diferente naturaleza de las unidades neógenas en la Puna. Las expresión morfológica.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Analysis of the Timing of the Origin and Diversification Of
    Journal of Mammalian Evolution, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2001 Quantitative Analysis of the Timing of the Origin and Diversification of Extant Placental Orders J. David Archibald1,2 and Douglas H. Deutschman1 Fossil evidence is consistent with origination and diversification of extant placental orders in the early Tertiary (Explosive Model), and with the possibility of some orders having stem taxa extending into the Cretaceous (Long Fuse Model). Fossil evidence that 15 of 18 extant placental orders appeared and began diversification in the first 16 m.y. of the Cenozoic is, however, at odds with molecular studies arguing some orders diversified up to 40 m.y. earlier in the Early Cretaceous (Short Fuse Model). The quality of the fossil record was assessed by tabulating localities of all mammals in the last 105 m.y. Global locality data (except Africa) for 105 m.y. of eutherian evolution indicate discernible biogeographic patterns by the last 15 m.y. of the Cretaceous. Eutherian genera increase from 11 in latest Cretaceous to 139 in earliest Tertiary, although both are represented by about 50 localities. Yet even in the Late Cretaceous of North America and Asia where eutherians are abundant, none of the 18 extant orders are definitely known. A series of Monte Carlo simulations test whether the rapid appearance of most mammalian orders is statistically significant, and if so, whether it is a radiation event or an artifact of a limited fossil record. Monte Carlo tests affirm that the clustering of appearances in the early Cenozoic is statistically significant. Quantitative analysis of the locality data suggests that the number of genera described is a function of the number of localities sampled.
    [Show full text]
  • Dugongs and Their Habitats (Dugong Mou)
    MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF DUGONGS AND THEIR HABITATS (DUGONG MOU) Dugong (Dugong dugon) © Kristina Vackova SUMMARY The Dugong MOU aims to promote internationally coordinated actions to ensure • Effective since 31 October 2007 the long-term survival of dugongs and seagrass habitats throughout their extensive range. The Dugong MOU Secretariat is based in CMS Office - Abu Dhabi. The • Covers 46 Range States across Africa, Asia and Oceania office is hosted by Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi, on behalf of the Government • Activities guided by a Conservation and of the United Arab Emirates. Management Plan (CMP) Signatory States to the MOU implement activities which are guided by a Conservation • CMP implementation is supported through the and Management Plan (CMP) annexed to the MOU. Achieving the objectives of the Dugong, Seagrass and Coastal Communities CMP is underpinned by the Dugong, Seagrass and Coastal Communities Initiative. Initiative The Dugong Technical Group provides expert advice to Signatories to promote the Mission implementation of the CMP. To ensure a favourable conservation status for dugongs and their seagrass habitats throughout Signatories adapt the implementation of the CMP to the needs of the dugong their range populations and seagrass habitats in their coastal waters, and have the opportunity to shape the policy direction of the MOU as well. Conservation and Management Plan Objectives • Reduce direct and indirect causes of dugong Conservation and Management of Dugongs mortality
    [Show full text]
  • SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Tables, Figures and References
    Samuels et al. Evolution of the patellar sesamoid bone in mammals SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Tables, Figures and References Supplementary Table S1: Mammals$ Higher taxa Genus sp. Estimated. age of Patellar Comments# (partial) specimen, location state 0/1/2 (absent/ ‘patelloid’/ present) Sinoconodonta Sinoconodon Jurassic 0 Patellar groove absent, suggests no rigneyi (Kielan- patella Jaworowska, Cifelli & Luo, Sinoconodon is included on our 2004) phylogeny within tritylodontids. Morganucodonta Megazostrodon Late Triassic, southern 0 rudnerae (Jenkins Africa & Parrington, 1976) Morganucodonta Eozostrodon sp. Late Triassic, Wales 0 Asymmetric patellar groove, (Jenkins et al., specimens disarticulated so it is hard 1976) to assess the patella but appears absent Docodonta Castorocauda 164 Mya, mid-Jurassic, 0 Semi-aquatic adaptations lutrasimilis (Ji, China Luo, Yuan et al., 2006) Docodonta Agilodocodon 164 Mya, mid-Jurassic, 0 scansorius China (Meng, Ji, Zhang et al., 2015) Docodonta Docofossor 160 Mya 0 brachydactylus (Luo, Meng, Ji et al., 2015) Docodonta Haldanodon 150-155 Mya, Late 0 Shallow patellar groove exspectatus Jurassic, Portugal (Martin, 2005b) Australosphenida Asfaltomylos Mid-Jurassic, South ? Postcranial material absent patagonicus America (Martin, 2005a) Australosphenida Ornithorhynchus Extant 2 Platypus, genome sequenced Monotremata anatinus (Warren, Hillier, Marshall Graves et (Herzmark, 1938; al., 2008) Rowe, 1988) Samuels et al. Australosphenida Tachyglossus + Extant 2 Echidnas Monotremata Zaglossus spp. (Herzmark, 1938; Rowe, 1988) Mammaliaformes Fruitafossor 150 Mya, Late Jurassic, 0 Phylogenetic status uncertain indet. windscheffeli (Luo Colorado & Wible, 2005) Mammaliaformes Volaticotherium Late Jurassic/Early ? Hindlimb material incomplete indet. antiquus (Meng, Cretaceous Hu, Wang et al., 2006) Eutriconodonta Jeholodens 120-125 Mya, Early 0 Poorly developed patellar groove jenkinsi (Ji, Luo Cretaceous, China & Ji, 1999) Eutriconodonta Gobiconodon spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Eocene Fossils Suggest That the Mammalian Order Perissodactyla Originated in India
    ARTICLE Received 7 Jul 2014 | Accepted 15 Oct 2014 | Published 20 Nov 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6570 Early Eocene fossils suggest that the mammalian order Perissodactyla originated in India Kenneth D. Rose1, Luke T. Holbrook2, Rajendra S. Rana3, Kishor Kumar4, Katrina E. Jones1, Heather E. Ahrens1, Pieter Missiaen5, Ashok Sahni6 & Thierry Smith7 Cambaytheres (Cambaytherium, Nakusia and Kalitherium) are recently discovered early Eocene placental mammals from the Indo–Pakistan region. They have been assigned to either Perissodactyla (the clade including horses, tapirs and rhinos, which is a member of the superorder Laurasiatheria) or Anthracobunidae, an obscure family that has been variously considered artiodactyls or perissodactyls, but most recently placed at the base of Proboscidea or of Tethytheria (Proboscidea þ Sirenia, superorder Afrotheria). Here we report new dental, cranial and postcranial fossils of Cambaytherium, from the Cambay Shale Formation, Gujarat, India (B54.5 Myr). These fossils demonstrate that cambaytheres occupy a pivotal position as the sister taxon of Perissodactyla, thereby providing insight on the phylogenetic and biogeographic origin of Perissodactyla. The presence of the sister group of perissodactyls in western India near or before the time of collision suggests that Perissodactyla may have originated on the Indian Plate during its final drift toward Asia. 1 Center for Functional Anatomy & Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA. 3 Department of Geology, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar 246175, Uttarakhand, India. 4 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India. 5 Research Unit Palaeontology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
    [Show full text]