"Los Usos De La Historia En La Poesia De Emesto Cardenal" Author

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Abstract Thesis title: "Los usos de la historia en la poesia de Emesto Cardenal" Author: Juan Carlos Martinez Hofinann A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Department of Spanish and Portuguese, University of Toronto. Emesto Cardenal, poet and priest from Nicaragua, is the most important social poet in Latin America today. His life and work participate in the social struggle for a better system and society on that continent. Cardenal uses history with the intention of denouncing the society in which he lives. Following Cardenal's works we see that on unjust society started with the arrival of the European conquerors who introduced and imposed their own culture and thought throughout the new continent. They cast into oblivion the culture and thought of the original peoples who inhabited the continent, creating therefore a repressive society, and a politically and economically unjust system. But also we see that Cardenal employs history with the intention of remembering specific historical moments, in which it was possible to change the current society in which we live. Cardenal thinks that the only possibility of altering the unjust world is through a revolutionary struggle. Finally, Cardenal utilizes history to show us that it is possible to create a new society and system where freedom and justice exist for all people. Cardenal, in his writing, seeks for to reinterpret official history, the history written by the people who hold political and economical power. He thus seeks to reconstruct history, a new history, from the point of view of the oppressed people of Latin America. Cardenal shows in his poems a problematic world that is given to the reader through a direct, austere language. The poetic language used by Cardenal in his works is formed by the outside world. So we see that his poetic discourse is made up of multiple discourses that come from different sources and whose purpose is to show the outside world objectively, a world that is sutside the subjectivity of the author. The poet uses history to guide us to a new form of thinking about the past of Latin America. From this new perspective on the past and present, Cardenal invites we the readers to engage in the construction of a new society, and with him, to recover the history of the conquered and forgotten people. iii Reconocimientos Quiero agradecer a1 profesor Keith Ellis por su guia y el permitirme trabajar con la memoria. Tambikn quiero agradecer a1 profesor Raymond Skyrme por su valiosa ayuda. Dedicatoria A Maritza, mi compaiiera en la larga noche de nuestra patria yen estos lejanos meridianos y paralelos. A Camilo, Rodrigo y Monserrat a quienes les debo un juego y una sonrisa. Preguntariis por qu8 su poesia no nos habla del sueiio, de las hojas, de 10s grandes volcanes de su pais natal? Venid aver la sangre por las calles. Venid aver la sangre por las calles, venid a ver la sangre por las calles! Pablo Nemda Indice Abstract ..................................................................ii Reconocimientos .........................................................iv Dedicatoria ...............................................................v Epigrafe .................................................................vi Indice ..................................................................vii Introducci6n ...............................................................1 Capitulo Primero "Recuperaci6n del mundo indigena y muestra de la conquista" .......34 1. Recuperaci6n del mundo indigena ....................................37 a) Gobiemo indigena .................................................42 b) Visi6n temporal ...................................................56 c) Visi6n econ6mica .................................................61 2 . Muestra de 10s conquistadores .......................................68 a) La visi6n econ6mica ...............................................70 b) La visi6n humanista ................................................81 Capitulo Segundo "Poemas sociopoliticos contra la dictadura" .................... 109 a)- ........................................................114 b) Canto nacional ..................................................139 c) Oriculo sobre Manaeua ........................................... 153 Capitulo Tercero "Poesia de contenido religioso-hist6rico" .......................186 A) ........................................................190 1. Salmos didlcticos ................................................194 2 . Salmos de angustia ...............................................200 vii 3 . Salmos de alabanza ................................................ 210 B) La santidad de la revoluci6n ........................................217 Capitulo Cuarto "Poesia escrita despuCs del triunfo Sandinista" .................... 255 Conclusi6n .............................................................323 Bibliografia .............................................................331 viii Desde la aparicidn en el aiio 1975 del trabajo de conjunto de Elisa Calabrese acerca de Ernesto Cardenal, poeta y sacerdote nicaragfiense, se han multiplicado, asumiendo distintas perspectivas, 10s estudios sobre su quehacer poetico. Muchos de ellos estudian 10s poemarios cardenalianos individualmente o poemas particulares, haciendo hincapid en 10s procedimientos podticos tales como el exteriorismo, el discurso profdtico, o en temas como el evangelio y revoluci6n. Algunos de 10s trabajos mbs extensos buscan abarcar la obra y vida del nicaragiiense y son de imprescindible consults.' Notamos que casi todos estos trabajos, de una forma u otra, hacen alusidn a las referencias histdricas que se encuentran en 10s escritos podticos. Se hace referencia a las constantes alusiones a1 pasado y presente como tambidn, en algunos casos, a1 futuro. Lo que en definitiva observamos es que si bien existen referencias a la historia dsta estS supeditada a la explicaci6n temdtica anteriormente seiialada. Es asi que llegamos a la conclusidn de que no existe un estudio profundo donde se examinen las constantes referencias hist6ricas que se encuentran en el discurso lirico y c6mo dstas cumplen funciones importantes dentro del mismo discurso. Es por eso que en el presente estudio examinaremos el uso de la historia en la obra lirica de Ernesto Cardenal. Para ello nos centraremos en poemas que nos sirvan de paradigma en este sentido especifico y que, por lo tanto, nos permitan demostrar nuestra tesis a1 respecto. Observamos, de manera general, que Cardenal utiliza la historia entregsndole tres funciones primordiales: primero, como forma de denuncia contra la instauraci6n de un sistema injusto que se manifiesta desde la llegada de 10s europeos a1 continente americano; segundo, mostrando que existen momentos hist6ricos, definidos, donde se ha luchado contra las injusticias anteriores; y tercero, para mostrar la posibilidad de crear una sociedad justa, a partir de las luchas precedentes, donde se le devuelva a1 ser humano, reprimido y mutilado politics, social, y culturalmente, su dignidad y valores propios. Asi 10s hechos hist6rico-culturales, pasados y presentes, mostrar6n de manera constante estas tres caracteristicas y Bstas sentardn la base que le servird a1 poeta como componente esencial en la creaci6n de su discurso lirico todo. Es necesario considerar algunos antecedentes generales, que van a ser participes de nuestra concepci6n de historia. En 1492 10s europeos encuentran un nuevo continente, pero, salvo honrosas excepciones, sin respetar a sus habitantes y su mundo real. ColBn, en sus escritos, serd el encargado de inaugurar la imagen que se impone a1 nuevo territorio: la visi6n mercantil. Asi se principia con la elaboraci6n de 4 textos, de distinta indole, en que tendrdn cabida s61o la fama y riqueza, 10s vencedores, la minoria. La aayoria--lo que Jon Sobrino llama "10s pueblos crucificados" siguiendo a Ignacio ~1lacuria~--pass a1 mds absoluto anonimato, a1 silencio de 10s vencidos . En Latinoarndrica historia y literatura muy a menudo han estado relacionadas formando un solo discurso. Este hecho es cornprobable desde el misrno dia en que el europeo puso pie en este territorio nuevo. La cr6nica, escrito no ficcional, fue una rnanifestaci6n temprana de esta uni6n ferrea. Esta era la encargada de comunicar y dejar constancia de 10s hechos hist6ricos, de una manera veraz, que ocurrian en el continente. En la prdctica observarnos que 10s acontecimientos hist6ricos relatados en las cr6nicas muchas veces fueron contaminados por referencias ficcionales, dando paso a la visidn ficcionalizada de la realidad hist6rica de que habla Beatriz Pastor en su excelente trabajo sobre el terna.hs Alonso de Ercilla con su poema dpico La Araucana q~ien definitivamente ernprende la uni6n entre literatura e historia de una manera abierta. Acd estamos frente a la poetizaci6n de hechos hist6ricos que el misrno Ercilla presenci6 o que ha tenido conocimiento "cornprobable" por otros. Estos escritos salidos desde America durante la conquista y colonia tienen por finalidad entregar e imponer la visi6n de 10s 5 conquistadores. Visi6n extranjera del territorio donde la historia sirve, dentro de 10s escritos, solamente como elemento que permite el renonocimiento personal a 10s "esfuerzos" puesto en la adquisicidn de fama y riquezas. Debemos esperar hasta principios del siglo XIX, con 10s aires indepe~~dentistas,para que aparezcan escritos donde la historia y la literatura estdn unidas para mostrar la nueva
Recommended publications
  • LIFE and WORK in the BANANA FINCAS of the NORTH COAST of HONDURAS, 1944-1957 a Dissertation
    CAMPEÑAS, CAMPEÑOS Y COMPAÑEROS: LIFE AND WORK IN THE BANANA FINCAS OF THE NORTH COAST OF HONDURAS, 1944-1957 A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Suyapa Gricelda Portillo Villeda January 2011 © 2011 Suyapa Gricelda Portillo Villeda CAMPEÑAS Y CAMPEÑOS: LIFE AND WORK IN THE BANANA FINCAS OF THE NORTH COAST OF HONDURAS, 1944-1957 Suyapa Gricelda Portillo Villeda, Ph.D. Cornell University 2011 On May 1st, 1954 banana workers on the North Coast of Honduras brought the regional economy to a standstill in the biggest labor strike ever to influence Honduras, which invigorated the labor movement and reverberated throughout the country. This dissertation examines the experiences of campeños and campeñas, men and women who lived and worked in the banana fincas (plantations) of the Tela Railroad Company, a subsidiary of the United Fruit Company, and the Standard Fruit Company in the period leading up to the strike of 1954. It describes the lives, work, and relationships of agricultural workers in the North Coast during the period, traces the development of the labor movement, and explores the formation of a banana worker identity and culture that influenced labor and politics at the national level. This study focuses on the years 1944-1957, a period of political reform, growing dissent against the Tiburcio Carías Andino dictatorship, and worker agency and resistance against companies' control over workers and the North Coast banana regions dominated by U.S. companies. Actions and organizing among many unheralded banana finca workers consolidated the powerful general strike and brought about national outcomes in its aftermath, including the state's institution of the labor code and Ministry of Labor.
    [Show full text]
  • Overthrow Kinzer.Pdf
    NATIONAL BESTSELLER "A detailed, I)assionateandconvincingbook ... [wilh] lhe pace and grip ofagood lhriller." - TheNew York Tillles BookReview STEPHEN KINZER AUTHOR OF ALL THE SHAH'S MEN OVERTHROW ___________4 _____ 4 __ 111_11 __iii _2_~ __11 __ __ AMERICA'S CENTURY OF REGIME CHANGE FROM HAWAII TO IRAQ STEPHEN KINZER TIM E S BOO K S Henry Holt and Company New York Times Books Henry Holt and Company, LLC Publishers since 1866 175 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10010 www.henryholt.com Henry Holt® is a registered trademark of Henry Holt and Company, LLC. Copyright © 2006 by Stephen Kinzer All rights reserved. Distributed in Canada by H. B. Fenn and Company Ltd. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kinzer, Stephen. Overthrow: America's century of regime change from Hawaii to Iraq I Stephen Kinzer. -1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8050-8240-1 ISBN-1O: 0-8050-8240-9 1. United States-Foreign relations-20th century. 2. Hawaii-History­ Overthrow of the Monarchy, 1893.3. Iraq War, 2003- 4. Intervention (Internationallaw)-History-20th century. 5. Legitimacy of governments-History-20th century. I. Title. E744.K49 2006 327. 73009-dc22 2005054856 Henry Holt books are available for special promotions and premiums. For details contact: Director, Special Markets. Originally published in hardcover in 2006 by Times Books First Paperback Edition 2007 Designed by Kelly S. Too Printed in the United States of America 791086 Time present and time past Are both perhaps present in time future, And time future contained in time past. -T.
    [Show full text]
  • Latin America Relations After the Inevitable US Military Intervention In
    ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN U.S. – Latin America relations after the inevitable U.S. Military intervention in Guatemala in 1954 Relaciones Estados Unidos - América Latina después de la inevitable intervención militar norteamericana de 1954 en Guatemala Fecha de recepción: Agosto de 2014 Fecha de aceptación: Septiembre de 2014 Gianmarco Vassalli MA in International Cooperation for Development of Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cartagena in agreement with the University of Pavia and BA International Relations with Business Dirección postal: Calle Portobello, San Diego C38 10-15, Apt. B13, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia Correo electrónico: [email protected] Revista INTERNACIONAL de COOPERACIÓN y DESARROLLO VOL. 1, NÚM. 2. ISSN (online): 2382-5014 JULIO – DICIEMBRE, 2014 195 U.S. – LATIN AMERICA RELATIONS AFTER THE INEVITABLE U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTION IN GUATEMALA IN 1954 Abstract The 1954 U.S. intervention in Guatemala is a controversial key matter that still finds different and opposing interpretations in academia. In this article the impact of the U.S. coup in Guatemala on U.S.- Central America socio-political relations will be evaluated, through the critical analysis of different perspectives and attributes on the subject. This work identifies, with reference to academic theories, key motives and interests behind the intervention, in relation to the significance of Guatemalan democratic president Jacopo Arbenz’ s reforms in the wider social context of Central America. The possible wide-scale impact of these reforms with the creation of viable alternative model to American liberal capitalism and consequently of a perceivable potential threat to U.S. intrinsic interests in its hemisphere, will be reflectively explored throughout with the intent of proposing a solution over the 1954 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Going Bananas-Donald Curtis
    Going Bananas The story of Sam, the Banana Man Word count 4493 By Donald E. Curtis In 1891, Samuel Zemurray was only 14 when he left his father’s wheat farm in Moldova in southwest Russia and immigrated to the United States. He was a big kid, strong and lanky. He headed for Selma, Alabama where he had an uncle with a store and a job for Sam. He worked hard for his uncle and saved a nest egg toward the day when he might find an opportunity. Sam kept his eyes and ears open and learned quickly. After a few years in Selma, Sam, now 6 feet, 3 inches could swear fluently in five languages. It was in Selma that Sam saw his first banana: an exotic fruit, golden-green, piled on the cart of an itinerant peddler. He smelled its alien aroma, marveled at the convenient, easy-to-peel skin, and tasted its tropical sweetness. This strange fruit seemed to smell and taste a lot like an opportunity. Afterwards, charmed by this hint of paradise, he headed to the Gulf, to find out where the bananas came from. I first learned about Sam Zemurray in 1960. I was fresh back from an Air Force assignment in Taiwan and had been invited to visit my best friend in New Orleans. We were driving around the city one day when we passed a huge and beautiful white mansion on St. Charles Avenue. My friend, Jim announced, “the richest, most famous and most powerful man in New Orleans lives there. You ever heard of Sam, the Banana Man?” Jim went on to tell me a little about Sam Zemurray, an ethnic but non-religious Jew who had come here as a boy from Russia, peddled fruit from a boxcar to get his start and became one of the richest men in America.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCUMENT RESUME ED 115 646 SP 009 718 TITLE Multi-Ethnic
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 115 646 SP 009 718 TITLE Multi-Ethnic Contributions to American History.A Supplementary Booklet, Grades 4-12. INSTITUTION Caddo Parish School Board, Shreveport, La. NOTE' 57p.; For related document, see SP 009 719 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$3.32 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS Achievement; *American History; *Cultural Background; Elementary Secondary Education; *Ethnic Groups; *Ethnic Origins; *Teaching Guides IDENTIFIERS *Multicultural Education ABSTRACT This booklet is designed as a teacher guide for supplementary use in the rsgulat social studies program. It lists names and contributions of Americans from all ethnic groups to the development of the United States. Seven units usable at three levels (upper elementary, junior high, and high school) have been developed, with the material arranged in outline form. These seven units are (1) Exploration and Colonization;(2) The Revolutionary Period and Its Aftermath;(3) Sectionalism, Civil War, and Reconstruction;(4) The United States Becomes a World Power; (5) World War I--World War II; (6) Challenges of a Transitional Era; and (7) America's Involvement in Cultural Affairs. Bibliographical references are included at the end of each unit, and other source materials are recommended. (Author/BD) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * via the ERIC Document-Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the qUa_lity of the original document. Reproductions * supplied-by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original.
    [Show full text]
  • THE UNKNOWN Great White Fleet
    THE UNKNOWN Great White Fleet Once the proud symbol of America’s importance in the maritime world, the ships of the United Fruit Company wrote their own unique history ----------------------------- Above you see the S.S. “San Jose”....and the house flag of the United Fruit Company’s Great White. alk about the “Great White Fleet” and chances are that the listener/reader will think of Teddy Roosevelt’s famous deterrent gesture a century ago when he sent the entire U.S. T Navy’s armada on a world cruise. The voyage was intended to drive home a message to Japan that we were usually a peace-loving nation but if goaded into action, we were a force to be reckoned with. The ships, normally battle-gray, were painted white on that occasion because it presented a more snappy appearance. There was, however, another “Great White Fleet” that received the self-same moniker even earlier than the time - 1907 - 1909 - when its Naval namesake set sail. These were the United Fruit Company’s (UFC) cargo-liners that are known today as the “banana boats” and were instrumental in helping to establish what is popularly known today as the Banana Republics (not to be confused with the trendy apparel chain). There were numerous ships sailing for UFC under a variety of flags and fleets. To describe all of these would involve a lengthy, unsystematic account. I would like to concentrate here on what I consider to be the most notable and important ships that ever sailed for United Fruit - the baker’s dozen ships in the Atenas-class 5,000-tonnes of the first decade of the 20th century - the ships built expressly for UFC’s requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life and Times of Americas Banana King Free
    FREE THE FISH THAT ATE THE WHALE: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF AMERICAS BANANA KING PDF Rich Cohen | 270 pages | 04 Jun 2013 | Picador USA | 9781250033314 | English | United States The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King by Rich Cohen Named a Best Book of the Year by the San Francisco Chronicle and The Times-Picayune The fascinating untold tale of Samuel Zemurray, the self-made banana mogul who went from penniless roadside banana peddler to kingmaker and capitalist revolutionary When Samuel Zemurray arrived in America inhe was tall, gangly, and penniless. When he died in the grandest house in New Orleans sixty-nine years later, he was among the richest, most powerful men in the world. Working his way up from a roadside fruit peddler to conquering the United Fruit Company, Zemurray became a symbol of the best and worst of the United States: proof that America is the land of opportunity, but also a classic example of the corporate pirate who treats foreign nations as the backdrop for his adventures. Zemurray lived one of The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of Americas Banana King great untold stories of the last hundred years. Starting with nothing but a cart of freckled bananas, he built a sprawling empire of banana cowboys, mercenary soldiers, Honduran peasants, CIA agents, and American statesmen. From hustling on the docks of New Orleans to overthrowing Central American governments and precipitating the bloody thirty-six-year Guatemalan civil war, the Banana Man lived a monumental and sometimes dastardly life.
    [Show full text]
  • United Brands: the National Guard Has Razed Entire Neighborhoods
    Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 6, Number 26, July 3, 1979 On Saturday, the Mexican proposal with minor What happened to Bill Stewart also occurred in modifications was passed by the body. Vance's propos­ Chinandega, Masaya, Leon, Rivas, and the barrios of als were quietly withdrawn without a vote. Managua during the past few days and weeks. Wherever Undeterred, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown the National Guard of Anastasio Somoza has passed, appeared on NBC's Issues and Answers the next day in cities and hundreds of smaller villages, there are repeating that an interamerican peace-keeping force in almost no males between the ages of 16 and 25. Those Nicaragua "is still conceivable." that did not join the FSLN have been executed as rebel On Monday, Carter "volunteered" U.S. aid. "suspects." "We do not take prisoners," one National On Tuesday morning, Brown, CIA Director Stans­ Guard officer told reporters earlier this month. fieJd Turner, National Security Council Advisor Zbig­ In some areas, civilians remaining in towns recap­ niew Brzezinski, Vice President Walter Mondale and tured by the Guard were simply rounded up at gunpoint ' Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher met to and shot, under the rationale that they must be Sandi­ decide a course of action on Nicaragua following the nista "sympathizers." In other villages, Somoza's troops OAS defeat. The decision: Somoza must go. entered chanting anti-Somoza slogans-anyone who That afternoon, Undersecretary of State for Latin came out to greet them was gunned down. In yet America Viron Vaky testified before a House committee another case, a town's professionals-lawyers, doctors, that "no possible negotiation, mediation, or solution" business-were lined up for inspection.
    [Show full text]
  • Elgig Long and Kennedy in Part One of This Article We Will Focus on Two
    elgig Long and Kennedy In part one of this article we will focus on two connections between Senator Huey Pierce Long and President John F. Kennedy. Long and Kennedy had very similar ideas about the uses of government and they also had very similar enemies, even in some cases identical enemies. Part one will end with a brief discussion of a man who knew Huey Long well and was acquainted with Jim Garrison. Hetplayed an important role in events just prior to Long's assassination and he played a significant role in relation to the Garrison investigation of the Kennedy assassiantion. That will set the stage for an examination of flesh-and-blood links between the Louisiana of Huey Long and of Clay Shaw. Long and Kennedy: Government Activists Huey Long and John Kennedy, like earlier leaders such as Lincoln and Alexander Hamilton, viewed the government as one of the nation's most useful instruments to achieve economic and social progress. In this view the state is not to be celebrated, romanticized, or exaggerated in its importance, but it is also not to be forgotten that government is the only available form of organization to accomplish many necessary and worthwhile goals. In the late twentieth century it is also the only organized force that can counter the vast influence of international banks and corporations, of banking and raw materials cartels, and of the many other private organizations which attempt to influence almost all aspects of life. 2 The Long-Kennedy view of government rejects the idea that the state should should own and manage all or nearly all elements of the economy.
    [Show full text]
  • WRM Bulletin Middle America:" Peoples Resisting a Colonial Past
    WRM Bulletin World Rainforest Movement Nro. 226 – September/October 2016 Middle America:" Peoples resisting a colonial past that persists through imposition and violence OUR VIEWPOINT • Middle America:" Peoples resisting a colonial past that persists p.3 through imposition and violence The peoples, cultures, economies and politics of the "Middle American" territories tell us stories that differ from the official one, forcing us to reflect on geographies, definitions and resistances. PEOPLES OF "MIDDLE AMERICA" FIGHTING FOR THEIR TERRITORIES AND ALL FORMS OF OPPRESSION • Extractive Model: the dispossession of territories p. 5 and the criminalization of protest in Central America An imposed model that plunders and expels entire villages from their lands, criminalizes and represses protest, and murders with total impunity. Despite this, resistance grows and calls out for solidarity. • Expansion of Oil Palm Plantations as State Policy in Central America p.9 Historical, environmental, labor and economic aspects converge in the expansion of oil palm plantations in Central America, which increases with global demand for this oil • Madre Vieja: The River that Reached the Sea p. 13 In February 2016, several communities of the Madre Vieja River basin in Guatemala armed themselves with courage, denounced agribusinesses' diversion and theft of water, and initiated a peaceful struggle to free the river. World Rainforest Movement • Neocolonialism and plantations on the Garifuna Coast p. 15 of Central America A century after Sam Zemurray's and Manuel Bonilla's invasion of Honduras with banana companies and later oil palm plantations, the threat of so-called “model cities" is a new invasion • The Extractive Mining Model: A Potential Threat to p.
    [Show full text]
  • BRUARY 19J95 CIRCULATION OVER 5,200,000 Joyou£ Rm Paffbrn
    IN THIS ISSUE ENTS BRUARY 19J95 CIRCULATION OVER 5,200,000 Joyou£ rm paffBrn. I, P3^ns loved -for yeats ^^MEMBRANCEr , ^RNALLY YOUR£ % still fhe ihing h own ^ FIRST LOVE „ , GknkRATIONS ago. wlirn sliiniiig-pvcH liiide? ^ot thrir table? with the "silvei ware of their <lri-anis." iimiic (if tliciii i liuse 1817 Rogers Bros, tliaii any other. And that's still true today. Yoii'II know why, when you see tlic eiiclianting 1847 Rogers Bros, designs [lirtiirod here. For eaeh has a jierfeclion of l)alancc — an extra heiglit and dc|ilh of ornanient found in no otiicr silverjdate. So, whetlier vou choose 1847 Rogers Bros, lirand-new pattern, or one Iieloved for vears. ynn have tlie proud kttowlcdge that— like the brides of great-grundiuollier's day — you own America's finest silvcrplate! /Imericdt Fne^t Qherpiak. COFVRICHT I950. THE I NT CNN A T ION AL StLVCR CO., HKRtDCN. CONN. — TO AMERICA'S 53,000 DRUGGISTS When a new, completely different tooth brush In its first six treeks on sale, solely on the suddenly wins over 20 per cent of the total tooth professional recommendation of the dentists, druggists and their assistants who had tried it brush sales in a big test area, practically over- and liked it, the PHO "59", , , completely un- night, you want to hear about it! So, here's the announced and unadrerlised to the public . , ; "59": "Albany Story" of the new PRO accounted for 22 per cent of total tooth brush tales in that area! One tveek fast fall ire called on every dentist and druggist in Albany, Troy, and Schenectady, We want you to examine and nse this brush; Vf'e pointed out the multiple arrangement of to see for yourself what a really outstanding im- finer, thinner bristles in the PRO "59" and provement it is.
    [Show full text]
  • The 7Th Annual Louisiana Studies Conference
    1 The 7th Annual Louisiana Studies Conference Conference Keynote Speakers: Lisa Kirby and Natasha Sanchez Conference Co-Chairs: Lisa Abney, Provost, Vice President of Academic and Student Affairs, and Professor of English, Northwestern State University Jason Church, Materials Conservator, National Center for Preservation Technology and Training Charles Pellegrin, Associate Professor of History, Northwestern State University Shane Rasmussen, Director of the Louisiana Folklife Center and Associate Professor of English, Northwestern State University Conference Programming: Jason Church, Chair Shane Rasmussen Conference Hosts: Leslie Gruesbeck, Assistant Professor of Art and Gallery Director, Northwestern State University Greg Handel, Acting Director of the School of Creative and Performing Arts and Associate Professor of Music, Northwestern State University Selection Committees: NSU Louisiana High School Essay Contest: Shane Rasmussen, Chair Jason Church Lisa Davis, NSU Writing Project and English and Teaching and Learning, Northwestern State University Conference Presentations: Shane Rasmussen, Chair Jason Church Conference Program Cover Design: Matt DeFord, Head, Department of Fine and Graphic Arts and Associate Professor of Sculpture and Ceramics, Northwestern State University Conference Program Cover Photo: Natasha Sanchez. Quebec, Louisiana, 2013. Technical Support: Charles Rachal, Electronic and Continuing Education, Northwestern State University Administrative Support: Shelia Thompson, Louisiana Folklife Center 2 Louisiana Folklife
    [Show full text]