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Epicentral Region Seismotectonic Setting Seismic Hazard Depth U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXX U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Kuril Islands, Russia 15 November 2006 11:14:16 UTC 46.616° N, 153.224° E Depth 28.5 km M8.3 Kuril Islands Earthquake of 15 November 2006 Mw = 8.3 (Harvard) A great earthquake occurred 495 km (305 miles) SSW of Epicentral Region Severo-Kuril'sk, Kuril Islands, Russia and 1665 km (1030 miles) NE of Tokyo, Japan, at 5:14 AM MDT, Nov 15, 2006 (10:14 PM 146° 148° 150° 152° 154° 156° 158° local time in Russia). The magnitude and location may be revised when additional data and further analysis results are available. Felt at Misawa and Yokosuka, Japan and at Petropavlovsk- Kamchatskiy, Russia. At least three docks at Crescent City, California, were damaged by a tsunami with a measured wave Seismotectonic Setting height of 1.8 m. Measured wave heights (peak-to-trough) of the 120° 130° 140° 150° 160° 170° 180° tsunami: 0.60 m at Tokachi, 0.40 m at Nemuro and 0.20 m at Kushiro, Japan; 1.52 m at Kahului, 1.14 m at Haleiwa, 0.99 m at EURASIA Waianae, 0.99 m at Hilo, 0.89 m at Nawiliwili and 0.89 m at NORTH AMERICA Kalaupapa, Hawaii; 0.20 m at Shemya Island and 0.08 m at PLATE Russia PLATE Amchitka Island, Alaska. OKHOTSK Onetokan PLATE United States S e a 49° Russia Petropavloski-Kamchatskiy 50° 49° 50° EXPLANATION Blagoveshchensk o f China 74 mm/year Depth Section 15 November 2006 A -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 A' Qiqihar Birobidzhan h O k h o t s k Khabarovsk c Aftershocks n e E r Earthquake Magnitude -50 -50 Harbin T m a p 4.50 - 4.99 1900 AMUR PLATE Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk k t e a r 5.00 - 5.99 Jilin h o A c r 6.00 - 6.99 Changchun m -100 -100 a S 1913 Vladivostok K e 7.00 - 7.99 1915 - 88 mm/year a il Ch'ongjin Sapporo r m 8.00 - 8.99 u North Korea K o 40° Earthquake Depth 40° u 47° -150 -150 P'yongyang n 0 - 65 km Wonsan Aomori 2003 t 47° 65 - 300 Seoul 1918 Simushir Ch'unch'on 300 - 600 South Korea Sendai PACIFIC PLATE Plate Boundary -200 -200 Taegu Subduction Pusan h h Tokyo c Transform Japan n c Kobe e Fukuoka Yokohama r Divergent n -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 Matsuyama KyotoOsaka T e n Convergent r a Japan p Urup T a 92 mm/year a J k 1991 t 30° 30° a h 1916 Finite Fault Model c A' m 130° 140° 150° 160° 170° 45° Significant Earthquakes Mag ≥ 7.5 a EXPLANATION Scale 1:20,000,000 45° 1978 K - Slip, Finite Fault Model 0 250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 Year Mn Dy Lat Long Dep Mag i l Kilometers 1900 1 31 48.000 146.000 450 7.5 Iturup 1963 1963 r 0 - 100 1995 u 1913 8 1 47.500 155.500 0 7.7 K 100 - 200 1915 5 1 47.500 154.500 35 7.9 1978 1916 10 31 45.400 154.000 0 7.6 200 -300 1958 1978 1918 9 7 46.812 150.253 242 7.6 1978 P a c i f i c 300 -400 1918 11 8 43.816 152.775 63 7.5 1958 11 6 44.329 148.623 35 8.4 400 -500 1994 Seismic Hazard 1963 10 13 44.770 149.798 13 8.6 500 -600 1963 10 20 44.772 150.563 27 7.9 1918 O c e a n 600 -700 110° 120° 130° 140° 150° 160° 170° 1969 8 11 43.478 147.815 45 8.2 Yakutsk 1973 6 17 43.223 145.743 43 7.8 700 - 800 1969 1978 3 23 44.982 148.523 21 7.6 800 - 900 60° 1978 3 23 44.359 149.113 8 7.5 1973 FINITE FAULT MODEL 1978 3 24 44.233 148.923 12 7.5 Contributed by 1978 12 6 44.455 146.475 181 7.8 43° C. Ji, California Institute of Technology Magadan 1991 12 22 45.615 151.010 25 7.6 43° 1994 10 4 43.945 147.224 14 8.3 1995 12 3 44.663 149.300 33 7.9 Distribution of the amplitude and direction of slip for Russia subfault elements (small rectangles) of the fault rupture Chita model are determined from the inversion of teleseismic body waveforms. Arrows indicate the amplitude and direction of 50° slip (of the hanging wall with respect to the foot wall); the United States slip amount is also color-coded as shown. The view is from Petropavloski-Kamchatskiy above, per- pendicular to the fault plane. Blagoveshchensk 50° 146° 148° 150° 152° 154° 156° The orientation of the finite fault plane may differ from the Mongolia Scale 1:2,500,000 corresponding best double couple nodal plane depicted in the Qiqihar Birobidzhan 0 50 100 200 300 400 focal mechanism diagram on the main map. This is due to Khabarovsk Kilometers different methods of analysis. China Harbin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk The strike of the fault rupture plane is 214 (S 34 W) and the ChangchunJilin dip is 15°. The dimensions of the subfault elements are 20 EXPLANATION km in the strike direction and 12.5 km in the dip direction. Vladivostok DISCUSSION 40° Tangshan Anshan Global Seismic Hazard Ch'ongjin Sapporo Kanggye Japan 0 - 0.2 cm/sec² The Kuril Islands earthquake of 15 November 2006, occurred as thrust-faulting on the REFERENCES DATA SOURCES DalianNorth Korea .2 - .4 boundary between the Pacific plate and the Okhotsk plate. In the region of the P'yongyang Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80. Aomori 40° earthquake's epicenter, the Pacific plate moves northwest with respect to the Okhotsk plate EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD Wonsan .4 - .8 Qingdao with a velocity of about 90 mm/year. The Pacific plate subducts beneath the Okhotsk plate USGS, National Earthquake Information Center Inch`onSeoul Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center Ch'unch'on .8 - 1.6 at the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and becomes progressively deeper to the northwest, International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academic Press, 932 p. IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and South Korea Sendai remaining seismically active to a depth of 680 km. The 15 November mainshock occurred extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) 1.6 - 3.2 Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved Taegu at shallow depth within about 80 km of the trench axis. HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Pusan travel times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743. Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP, 1999) Kwangju 3.2 - 6.4 Cheju Japan Tokyo The 15 November earthquake is the largest earthquake to have occurred in the central Kobe 6.4 - 9.8 Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992, 1993, Digital Chart of the World: ESRI, Data Dictionary and Fukuoka Yokohama Kuril Islands since the early 20th century. A central Kuril Islands earthquake in 1915 is PLATE TECTONICS Japan Osaka CDROM(4), Redlands, Calif., USA. PB2002 (Bird, 2003) Nagasaki estimated to have had a magnitude of about 8. The central Kuril Islands commonly Japan 30° experiences one or more shocks of magnitude 6 or greater in a decade. To the southwest, GLOBE Task Team and others, 1999, The Global Land One-Kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) Digital Elevation BASE MAP the southern Kuril Islands chain experienced a magnitude 8.5 earthquake in 1963. To the Model, Version 1.0: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colo., USA. ESRI (1992), Digital Chart of the World 130° 140° 150° 160° northeast, a magnitude 9 earthquake occurred offshore of Kamchatka in 1952. GLOBE (1999) IOC, IHO, and BODC, 2003, Centenary Edition of the GEBCO Digital Atlas: CD-ROM(2), British Oceanographic IOC, IHO, and BODC (2003) Scale 1:20,000,000 Data Centre, Liverpool, UK. 0 250 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 Kilometers Ji, C., D.J. Wald, and D.V. Helmberger, Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake; Part I: Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Vol 92, No. 4. pp. 1192-1207, 2002. Seismic hazard is expressed as peak ground acceleration (PGA) on firm rock, in meters/sec², expected to be DISCLAIMER exceeded in a 50-yr period with a Bassin, C., Laske, G. and Masters, G., The Current Limits of Resolution for Surface Wave Tomography in North America, EOS Trans AGU, 81, F897, 2000. probability of 10 percent. Base map data, such as place names and political Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey boundaries, are the best available but may not be National Earthquake Information Center current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore 2006 should not be regarded as having official significance. Map not approved for release by Director USGS.
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