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Physicochemical Parameters of Magmatism of the Uksichan and Ichinsky Volcanoes (Sredinnyi Ridge, Kamchatka): Data on Melt Inclusions N.L

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Physicochemical Parameters of Magmatism of the Uksichan and Ichinsky Volcanoes (Sredinnyi Ridge, Kamchatka): Data on Melt Inclusions N.L Russian Geology and Geophysics © 2019, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS Vol. 60, No. 10, pp. 1077–1100, 2019 DOI:10.15372/RGG2019100 Geologiya i Geofizika Physicochemical Parameters of Magmatism of the Uksichan and Ichinsky Volcanoes (Sredinnyi Ridge, Kamchatka): Data on Melt Inclusions N.L. Dobretsova,c, , V.A. Simonovb,c,d, A.V. Kotlyarovb,d, N.S. Karmanovb aA.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia bV.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia cNovosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia dKazan Federal University, ul. Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia Received 14 September 2018; received in revised form 13 December 2018; accepted 21 March 2019 Abstract—Thermobarogeochemical study of melt inclusions and investigation of clinopyroxenes and amphiboles from effusive rocks of the Uksichan and Ichinsky Volcanoes gave an insight into the parameters of deep-seated melts and the evolution of magmatic systems during the formation of minerals in intermediate chambers. Study of melt inclusions from the Uksichan volcanic rocks made it possible to estimate the pressure during the liquidus crystallization of clinopyroxenes and plagioclases from basaltic magmas and to establish four depth intervals of the formation of these minerals: ~60, 45–30, 27–18, and from 12 km to the subsurface. Comparison of the results of calculation based on melt inclusion data and of the clinopyroxene and amphibole data helped to establish the evolution paths of the P–T parameters of ascending melts of the Uksichan Volcano. The most high-temperature magmas, generated at a depth of ~60 km, are character- ized by a successive temperature decrease during their ascent (1320–1240–1200 ºС). Based on the representative data on the compositions of amphiboles from the Uksichan and Ichinsky Volcanoes, we have elucidated the general regularities of the evolution of intermediate and acid magmatic systems, with three depths of crystallization in intermediate chambers. Amphiboles of the Ichinsky Volcano andesites and the Uksichan Volcano latites crystallized at depths of 22.0–18.5 and 18–16 km and at temperatures of 980–930 and 1010–985 ºС, respec- tively. As melt ascended to a depth of 15.5–11.0 km and a temperature decreased from 945 to 880 ºС, amphiboles of andesites and dacites of both volcanoes were produced. At the final stage (a temperature decrease to 900–810 ºС and ascent of melts to a depth of 3 km), only amphiboles of dacites of both volcanoes crystallized. Keywords: physicochemical parameters of magmatism, melt inclusions, clinopyroxene, amphibole, basalt, andesite, dacite, intermediate suprasubduction chambers, volcanoes of Kamchatka INTRODUCTION nism in the Sredinnyi Ridge remains poorly understood. In our previous publications (Dobretsov et al., 2013, 2016), The volcanic belt of the Sredinnyi Ridge in Kamchatka typical rocks of Ichinsky Volcano, the only large active vol- (Fig. 1) evolved as an ordinary subduction zone from 45–50 cano in the Sredinnyi Range, were compared with the mod- to 17–15 Ma (Gordeev and Dobretsov, 2017) and became a ern lavas of Tolbachik in the Klyuchevskoy group of Volca- back-arc structure after a lull and a collision of Kamchatka noes. This paper presents new data on thermobarometry and with the Karaga island arc about 13–15 Ma. The belt com- mineralogy of samples from Uksichan and Ichinsky volca- prises large stratovolcanoes and caldera volcanoes that have noes (Figs. 2, 3) which shed light on the structure of the erupted abundant typically subduction-related andesite-da- southern Sredinnyi Ridge belt comprising the two volcanoes cite-rhyolite lavas zones coexisting with later small basaltic and edifices between them (Fig. 3). The study aimed at up- lava cones and fields of tuff-lava cones of subalkaline ba- dating the evolution model of volcanism in the area with the salts common to back-arc zones. example of two large volcanoes: Uksichan and Ichinsky. The area has attracted much interest, but studies in two The obtained new analytical data on minerals and melt in- recent decades (Bindeman et al., 2004, 2010; Perepelov, clusions from the Uksichan and Ichinsky samples were used 2004, 2005, 2014; Kostitsyn and Anosova, 2013; Davydova, for reference in modeling which has provided constraints on 2014; Perepelov et al., 2016) have been limited to specific the parameters of melts and the evolution of magmatic sys- problems of magmatism, while the whole history of volca- tems leading to crystallization in intermediate magma reser- voirs beneath the volcanoes. The magmatic processes in the Corresponding author. Kamchatka Sredinnyi Ridge inferred from the obtained data E-mail adress: [email protected] (N.L. Dobretsov) on geology, petrology, geochemistry, mineralogy, and geo- 1078 N.L. Dobretsov et al. / Russian Geology and Geophysics 60 (2019) 1077–1100 Fig. 1. Sketch map of suprasubduction magmatism in Kamchatka. 1, modern and Neogene volcanosedimentary rocks, undifferentiated; 2, Plio- cene–Holocene volcanic belts of South Kamchatka (SK), East Kamchatka (EK) and Sredinnyi Ridge (SR); 3, Oligocene–Miocene volcanic comp- lexes; 4, Early–Middle Eocene West Kamchatka volcanic belt (WK); 5, Paleogene volcanic, volcanosedimentary, and terrigenous complexes; 6, Late Cretaceous volcanic and terrigenous complexes; 7, granitic gneiss domes and collisional zones; 8, faults; 9, boundaries of volcanic belts; 10, sampled volcanoes Uksichan (1) and Ichinsky (2). CKD, Central Kamchatka Depression. Compiled with reference to data from (Perepelov, 2014). thermobarometry of the Uksichan and Ichinsky samples tion from analysis of quenched glasses. Given that the ex- have been additionally justified through correlation with perimental work on melt inclusions is time- and labor-con- seismic tomography results. The P–T conditions of crystal- suming, the samples that potentially store fresh phenocrysts lization were reconstructed using thermobarometry of melt were preselected. Therefore, the melt inclusion data may inclusions. There are two key points to mention concerning come from samples which are not ideal geological and geo- the method applied to study magmatism at the Uksichan and chemical tracers of magmatism but can provide valuable Ichinsky Volcanoes. First, not all samples, even being fresh, evidence on physicochemical parameters of magmatic sys- contain the melt inclusions that would survive heating and tems. The other point is that phenocrysts enclosed in volca- quenching and ensure representative and reliable informa- nic rocks are a kind of samplers: they capture melts at all N.L. Dobretsov et al. / Russian Geology and Geophysics 60 (2019) 1077–1100 1079 Fig. 2. Elevation map of the southwestern Sredinnyi Ridge and sampled volcanic centers. 1, sites of detailed studies and sampling; 2, caldera, 3, faults, 4, boundaries of structural units; 5, boundaries of volcanic edifices. Abbreviations are as in Fig. 1. depths, from the deepest to shallowest reservoirs, and thus METHODS record faithfully the evolution of magmatic systems. Note that the melt inclusion compositions are commonly charac- The lava samples from the Uksichan and Ichinsky Volca- terized by no more than twenty analyses, because the inclu- noes were first examined in thin sections for petrograpgy sions have to be heated and homogenized at 1100–1200 °C and mineralogy. The chemistry of minerals and melt inclu- and then the micrometer quenched glass they enclose have sions was analyzed at the Analytical Center for Multi-Ele- to be preconditioned and analyzed. ment and Isotope Studies and at the V.S. Sobolev Institute of The compositions of minerals, specifically amphiboles Geology and Mineralogy (both in Novosibirsk). Major-ele- from lavas, are likewise well informative as to the P–T con- ment compositions were determined by XRF on a Thermo ditions of magmatic systems, according to published results Scientific ARL 9900 IntelliPower™ Series ARL 9900 X-ray and our own experience (Dobretsov et al., 2016). The ana- WorkStation. The new analytical results were complement- lytical yield on minerals is much larger than on homoge- ed by data recorded in the GEOROC database (http://georoc. nized melt inclusions, as no special experiments are needed. mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/) and published by Davydova The Uksichan and Ichinsky lava samples that contained melt (2014). inclusions and amphibole, as well as clinopyroxene, were Phenocrysts from the Uksichan and Ichinsky lavas were given most of attention because they are the best representa- analyzed by EMPA on a Camebax-Micro electron micro- tives of the magmatic systems. We do not claim to have probe analyzer at the V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and modeled comprehensively the evolution of magmatism for Mineralogy (Novosibirsk), while the data on groundmass the two volcanoes, but the physicochemical parameters of microcrysts were borrowed from available publications. The the volcanic systems retrieved from the data on melt inclu- detection limits of major oxides were 0.007 wt.% for SiO2, sions and minerals are quite reliable and hardly possible to 0.032 wt.% for TiO2, 0.011 wt.% for Al2O3, 0.019 wt.% obtain otherwise. for FeO, 0.034 wt.% for MnO, 0.011 wt.% for MgO, The samples used to investigate the conditions of mag- 0.008 wt.% for CaO, 0.017 for Na2O, and 0.009 for K2O. matism at Uksichan and Ichinsky were selected to provide The EMPA results were checked against element contents in representative information from melt inclusions and indica- standard samples of orthoclase (Or), diopside (Di), and gar- tor minerals, such as amphibole. Namely, they were Uksi- net (О-145). The published data for Uksichan (Davydova, chan basalts (K-15-16, Fig. 3) sampled by Perepelov (2014, 2014) and Ichinsky (Dobretsov et al., 2016) volcanoes were Fig. 2.10 therein) and Davydova (2014, Figs. 2.1 and 2.2 used additionally. therein) from the Middle Pliocene edifice at the base of the Melt inclusions were studied at the Laboratory of Geody- Uksichan volcanic center.
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