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Bedrock Geology of Winfield Quadrangle

BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF WINFIELD QUADRANGLE

ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CALHOUN COUNTY, STATEMAP Winfield-BG E. Donald McKay III, Interim Director Mary J. Seid and Joseph A. Devera 2008

A� R. 2 W. C� 0 � Ò 0 45 45 79 Odp 0 7 43 Qal Z 50

2 E. 3 E. 382 22 Z 20 " Mh R. R. e 4 21 600 65 Mh 450 5 60 N o 0 0 50 0 0 � 50 0 0 Z 5 550 10 0 Mct 500 0 � 55 30 19 4 � 7 5 0 5 DS 0 0 0 5 7 7 Mbk 0 � 0 3 6 � � 6 � 5 o 5 Osp 0 0 19 Oj 650 Mct� 24 6 23 600 00 0 30 550 55 6 5 550 � 0 0 � 60 0 0 DS 0 � 47 B� � Om Mct Mh � 5 5 5 29 A 0 00 28 o� 700 27 8 o Mct Odp � � 20 5 � Ok Om 3 3 � 0 EXPLANATION � 0 6 5 o 5 0 5 0 70 4 Oe 0 5 0

6 o 0 0 Ò 5 0

0 50 6 � 6 DS 600

0 o 5 0 � 6 o 600 55 Qal Alluvium

4

5 5

120 Mh

�

0 � 5 Om 50 0 50

50 undivided 5 o

Oj 5

o 0

25 o

50 &u Shelburn, Carbondale,

4 30 Pennsylvanian Desmoinesian 29 v 11

3 N o � DS J NJ o and Tradewater Formations

45 500 4 � o 0 39 56 o 0 � 15 43 � � Mh � Â o � � 6 44 Mct 40 Mu 50 0 5 6 5 5 0 0 5 0 Msl St. Louis Mbk 0

5 5 0 � Msw 32 e" Unconformity 33 20 550 5 285 34 0 1 5 Salem and Warsaw Msw Valmeyeran 0 B 5 � 5 5 Formations � � 00 0 Ò 0 � � � 5

470 430

6 0 0 0 55 Burlington-Keokuk 0 Mbk 0 � 45 45 500 e � T. 12 S. � T. 12 S. � Unconformity T. 13 S. e" 305 T. 13 S. 500 Mississippian undivided 31 32 Mct � � Msl 500

� Mu Kinderhookian 0 0 � 6 Mh Hannibal Shale �

50 & 4 u 5 0 5

0 0 500 0 Unconformity 550 and 0 3 45 � 5 4 Formations � DS T. 49 N. Cedar Valley Limestone Upper Middle Devonian 50 � � 0 Unconformity 0 T. 49 N. 36 � 600 50 Ò T. 48 N. Joliet Formation

2 E. 3 E. 550 Msl 00 R. T. 48 N. R. 5 Devonian and Unconformity Niagaran � � 50 Silurian Kankakee Formation 4 � 0 Unconformity 50 50

4

600 Bowling Green Formation Alexandrian 550 � 430 � 500 Unconformity 43

430 0

6 430 520 1 Om 0 55 � � � Cincinnatian 430 Unconformity 60 � 0 � 8 9 � 10 550 Ok 600 550 430 &u �

600 430 Qal � Ò � 500 0 50 0 Odp Decorah and Plattin 45 12 7 550 Msl Limestones � 500 C Unconformity 430 4 600 50 � 550 Oj 79 430 � 430 Msl � 550 Champlainian 430 500 � 430 17 600 450 e � Osp St. Peter

C � � � Unconformity

� 0 16 0 7 Qal 6 8 15 Oe

430 430 550 5 � 00 � 4 Ò 50 �

5 500 5 0 430 � &u 5 5 6 � 5 00 0 0 0

5 5 4 0 50 � Symbols 79 1250e" � 5 0 &u Strike and dip of bedding; number indicates 0 40 5 500 430 0 0 degree of dip 2 E. 3 E. 17

R. � R. 430 Qal � Z 56

16 Â Inclined joint; number indicates degree of inclination 18 13 Ò 21

430 � Horizontal bedding � 430 v 500 4 430 5 0 Vertical bedding � 15 22 430 � 450 430 Outcrop of special note, shown where contact � � Msl 430 � or map unit was well exposed at time of mapping

Z � 0 &u 50

430 5 Drill Holes 500 50 22 Ò e from which subsurface data were obtained Numeric label indicates total depth of boring in feet 450 � 20 450 109 24 21 e" Water-well boring � � 27 19 430 � Line Symbols

Z dashed where inferred, dotted where concealed

430 430 55 0 � 23 Contact 23 &

50 u

0 5 0 0 420 Normal fault; bar and ball on downthrown side

4 5 0 26 25 Line of cross section Ò A A�

430 Note: Well and boring records are on file at the ISGS Geological

0 420 Records Unit and are available online from the ISGS Web site. 26 45 0 50 27 420 30 29 28 � 25 �

� � � � � 26

00 5

� Z

500 50 0 � 33

450 31 32 35 36 � 36 T. 48 N. 34 Y 35 79

R. 2 E. R. 3 E.

Base map compiled by Illinois State Geological Survey from digital data (Digital Line SCALE 1:24,000 Geology based on field work by Mary J. Seid and Joseph A. Devera, 2007–2008. Graphs) provided by the United States Geological Survey. Compiled by photogrammetric 1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE methods from imagery dated 1952. Field checked 1954. Revised from imagery dated 1993. Digital cartography by Jane E.J. Domier, Steven M. Radil, and Brendon M. Aitken, Illinois 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET PLSS and survey control current as of 1954. Map edited 1996. DLGs created 1998. State Geological Survey. 1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) This research was supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Projection: Transverse Mercator Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP) under USGS award number 07HQAG0109. The 10,000-foot ticks: Illinois State Plane Coordinate system, west zone (Transverse Mercator) views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not 1,000-meter ticks: Universal Transverse Mercator grid system, zone 15 BASE MAP CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 of the U.S. Government.

The Illinois State Geological Survey and the State of Illinois make no guarantee, ex- Released by the authority of the State of Illinois: 2008 pressed or implied, regarding the correctness of the interpretations presented in this document and accept no liability for the consequences of decisions made by others on the basis of the information presented here. The geologic interpretations are based on data that may vary with respect to accuracy of geographic location, the type and quantity of data available at each location, and the scientific and technical qualifications of the data sources. Maps or cross sections in this document are not meant to be enlarged.

1 /2 ° ROAD CLASSIFICATION ADJOINING 123 QUADRANGLES 1 Luckett Ridge TH Primary highway, Light-duty road, hard or 2 Foley TH hard surface improved surface 3 Nutwood 45 Secondary highway, 4 Maryknoll UE NOR hard surface Unimproved road

GNETIC NOR

5 Brussels TR For more information contact:

6 Wentzville MA Illinois State Geological Survey 678 7 O’Fallon 615 East Peabody Drive APPROXIMATE MEAN 8 Kampville State Route Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964 DECLINATION, 2008 (217) 244-2414 http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu

STATEMAP Winfield-BG Sheet 1 of 2 MEMBER A Alluvial deposits Alluvium. Clay and silt, including detrital deposits made monly thin, undulatory to wavy. Dark-gray with white rims occurs as wavy THICKNESS FORMATION or GRAPHIC COLUMN by streams on river beds and floodplains. All sediment is confined to tributaries, beds at regular intervals throughout the unit. Knobby calcite nodules that are E AG (feet) BED UNIT creeks and major river systems. rimmed in quartz are distinct on a weathered surface. The lower contact is con-

SERIES ST SYSTEM formable but sharp. B Peoria and Roxana Silt Silt. Yellow-brown, reddish, with variable amounts of clay. Windblown material thickly mantles the bedrock close to the major river L Hannibal Shale Shale. Generally greenish gray to gray, silty and weathers Alluvial

Y deposits 0–170 A system and gradually thins away toward the east in the study area. to sticky or gummy clay. It is poorly exposed in this quadrangle but can be mas- sive, non-calcareous, and fissile. The basal contact is unconformable with the HOLOCENE C Grover Gravel Gravel. Poorly sorted, contains particles that range from limestone below.

- sand and granule to pebble size. Clasts are composed of polished and rounded TERNAR

A Peoria and Loess 20–70 B quartzite, chert, quartz, and rare red and black banded iron. The clasts can be M Cedar Valley Limestone Limestone and dolostone. Brown to orange-

QU Roxana Silt

SINAN red, white, pink, orange, yellow and black. This deposit is poorly exposed and is brown wackestone dominated by spiriferid brachiopods. Other diagnostic

OCENE

PLEIST WISCON- ? mainly found in the alluvium in the southern part of the quadrangle. It occurs di- brachiopods include: atrypids, Mucrospirifer sp., Paraspirifer sp., Orthospirifer rectly above the bedrock but is covered by loess. iowaensis, Ilita johnsonensis and strophominids. Large rugose corals and articu- TERTIARY PLIOCENE Grover Gravel 0–20 C lated and disarticulated crinoid stems are common in places. Laterally, this unit Shelburn 0–28 D D Clay and limestone. Composed of a basal limestone can grade into fossil packstone facies. The packstone is thin bedded, dolomitic, overlain by claystone, with a limestone at the top of the section. The basal lime- and sandy in places and contains 1 to 2 inch in diameter calcite crystals. Some

Mecca Quarry stone is a dense, dark gray fossiliferous packstone and locally contains gray calcite crystals are oil stained and have a petroliferous odor. The base can be ANIAN V Carbondale Shale 65–90 E nodules of chert. The middle clay is silty, plastic, and calcareous. Above the clay sandy and is unconformable. Colchester Coal occurs a limestone where fresh is gray, where weathered is brown. It is a dense, hard, fossiliferous wackestone. N Joliet, Kankakee, and Bowling Green Formations Dolostone. Yellow, with Upper

DESMOINESIAN sub-Absaroka

PENNSYL 0–40 F a sugary appearance. This unit is thin to thick bedded, hard and massive. Pale Tradewater unconformity E Limestones, claystones, and coal. The lower part of green shale is interbedded in the lower and middle formations and tints the yel- this unit is composed of a white underclay (rooted zone) below a coal. The coal low rock with a faint green-gray color. Glauconite and occasional pinkish stains ranges from a smut zone to three feet thick dull to bright banded unit. Above the occur in the lower beds. All three formations have moldic porosity. ob- coal is a thin, black, laminated marine shale. Forty feet of a variegated maroon served include: brachiopods, crinoid columnals, rugose corals, bryozoans, and St. Louis 0–250 G and olive to gray silty shale containing a thin lime wackestone overlies the black trilobites. The trilobite Gravicalymene celebra is common in the middle to upper Limestone shale. Near the top, two limestone benches occur. Both limestones are dark- part of the dolomite beds. Throughout this unit, thin bedded dolostone contains gray, argillaceous fossil wackestones. The fusulinid, Beedeina girtyi (Douglass nodules or wavy beds of white to carmel chert. Multiple occur at Breccia bed 1987; called Fusulina girtyi by Rubey 1952), occurs in a light gray packstone at the base, within and on top of these dolomitic beds. 610 feet elevation, 2300’EL, 1000’WL, Sec. 33, 12S, 2W. The sponge, Chaetetes milleporaceous, may occur in this interval. O Maquoketa Formation Shale. Bluish gray and calcareous in the lower part Salem 70 H and siltier in the upper part. The upper facies is tan-brown siltstone and contains Limestone F Upper Sandstone and clay. Poorly exposed and is fossil algae. The shale weathers to gummy bluish-green clay. A dark shale layer thickened only where erosion has provided space up to eighty feet into the St. in the upper part contains phosphatic nodules and pyrite with a dwarfed fauna. upper Warsaw Louis Limestone. It has fine grained micaceous quartz arenites. Clay forms a The contact is sharp and unconformable with the underlying formation. 55–60 I ALMEYERAN Shale residuum on top of the underlying limestone and some chert clasts have been V lower associated with the basal part of the unit. The base of this formation has a large P Kimmswick Limestone Limestone. White crinoidal grainstone to packstone Keokuk 65 unconformity with variable stratigraphic relief. in the lower part. The upper part of the formation yields thin bedded, fine grained Limestone beds and fossil wackestone facies. Crinoidal bioclasts can be cross bedded. MISSISSIPPIAN G St. Louis Limestone Limestone. Dense, gray to gray brown micrite or lime Beds are thin to thick bedded and can have a petroliferous odor. The weath- mudstone that yields conchoidal fracture. Beds within this unit vary from thin to ered surface can be extremely pitted, resembling a beehive. Fossils include: the Burlington J thick and massive. There are a few breccia zones within the unit, and they have trilobites Isotelus gigas, Calyptaulax sp., Bumastus sp., Calliops sp.; an impor-

Limestone 205–272

140–200 a hummocky or knobby weathered texture. Most of the accessible outcrops are tant index fossil Receptaculites sp. (dasycladasian algae); and the brachiopod concentrated along the Mississippi River bank and in larger sinkholes. Fossils Rafinesquina sp. The lower contact is sharp but continuous with the underlying Meppen Limestone 0–7 include: brachiopods, gastropods, crinoids, echinoids, bryozoans and rugose unit. corals. A colonial coral Acrocyathus sp. occurs in the basal portion of the lime- Chouteau 10–65 K stone. This unit is dominated by lime mudstones, but packstone and grainstone Q Decorah Limestone Limestone. Thin, wavy or irregular bedded, chocolate- Limestone facies occur locally; oolitic beds were observed near the top of the unit at the top brown, lime-mudstone that is interbedded with thin, brown calcareous shale. of a sinkhole located 2200’EL, 2200’SL, Sec. 33, T12S, R2W. The base is un- This formation is poorly exposed in the quadrangle. It weathers pale gray but is Hannibal 20–60 L conformable. chocolate brown on freshly broken slabs. The lime-mudstone is dense and dis-

Shale plays conchoidal fracture. The base is conformable with the limestone below. KINDERHOOKIAN

MIDDLE Cedar Valley H Limestone. Composed of alternating grainstone and DEVONIAN 0–10 DEVONIAN Limestone M laminated facies that are light gray to white. Coated grains and oolites are com- R Limestone. Gray, thin and irregularly bedded, separated NIAG- Joliet 0–16 mon to the grainstone facies, which can also be cross bedded. The laminated by brown shale partings. It is a dense, lime-mudstone that yields splintery or ARAN facies are rhythmically bedded and contain lime mudstone. White and gray, conchoidal fracture. Some fossil wackestone to brachiopod packstone facies oc- Kankakee 0–40 N round, “egg-like” chert nodules are common. The grainstone facies also weather cur in this unit as do dolostone beds. In the lower and middle portions of the unit,

10–106 by spawling off thin layers perpendicular to the face of the outcrop. In areas near one common characteristic is the presence of fodinichnial burrows, i.e. sediment SILURIAN DRIAN Bowling Green 10–50 faults, this unit appears to be dolomitized, as seen by its yellow appearance. The ingesting feeding burrows commonly filled with fine, rounded sand grains. Other ALEXAN- diagnostic microfossil or index fossil found in this unit is the foraminiferid Glo- fossiliferous zones include corals, straight cephalopods, and brachiopods. Small Depauperate boendothyra baileyi. The basal contact is conformable with the underlying unit. multicolored chert nodules can occur in the upper 40 feet of this unit. There is an zone unconformity between this unit and the dolostone below.

TIAN Maquoketa 100–200 O I Warsaw Shale Dolomite and shale. Composed of silty shale in the lower part and dolostone beds in the upper part. The shale is light gray to greenish gray S Joachim Formation Dolostone. Brown to tan on fresh surface and weathers and interbedded with soft clay layers. The shale can be slightly calcareous and brown to red. Bedding is 2 inches to 1 foot thick and tabular; however, some are silty. Fossils are rare in the shale but occasional gastropods and conularids oc- thick bedded and have a moldic porosity that is visible to the naked eye. Some CINCINNA cur in the upper part. The upper beds are yellowish gray dolostone that contain upper beds are sandy and argillaceous. Dolostone is finely crystalline and can Kimmswick 70 P small- to medium-sized geodes filled with quartz and calcite. Some of the dolo- have a strong petroliferous odor. The basal 20 feet contains thin-bedded light Limestone mitic beds are argillaceous. The lower contact is sharp and conformable with the bluish gray dolostone. Pyrite is common as finely disseminated microcrystals in Decorah 10 Q underlying unit. the lower part of the formation. The basal contact is sharp but conformable.

J Keokuk, Burlington, and Meppen Limestones Limestone and chert. White T St. Peter Sandstone Sandstone. White to light-gray, medium-grained, well Plattin to light-gray, crinoidal grainstone occurs in thin to thick beds and sometimes as sorted, well rounded, frosted quartz arenite. It is thin to medium bedded with VICIAN 140–150 R Limestone cross-bedded bioclastic facies. In the lower part calcite nodules are common some massive beds, cross bedded, and ripple marked. The unit weathers as and the limestone can be light gray, tan to brown and somewhat argillaceous. rounded, case-hardened beds; the upper part contains vertical, cylindrical sec-

ORDO White, fossiliferous, medium-bedded chert occurs in the middle part of the unit. ondary features. Large alcoves occur in the upper 40 feet of the unit in the area Yellow dolomitic beds also occur within this unit. Brachiopods and bryozoans are north of Dogtown Landing. Calcareous beds occur in the uppermost part. No Joachim 80 S also present but are not as abundant as the disarticulated crinoid columns that fossils were found in this formation. The lower contact is unconformable and can make up eighty percent of the beds. The upper portion contains less chert conglomeratic. and can be more coarsely crystalline. The basal contact is unconformable with CHAMPLAINIAN the unit below. U Dolomite. Brown dolostone, thin bedded, nonfossilifer- ous, and argillaceous in part. This unit is poorly exposed in the quadrangle. The St. Peter 150 T K Chouteau Limestone Limestone. A thin-bedded, light- to medium-gray lime base is concealed. Sandstone mudstone to pale greenish gray wackestone on a fresh surface, but weathers pale yellowish gray. It is argillaceous and has an hourglass weathering profile. Note: See accompanying report for references. Crinoid and brachiopod fragments are small and disarticulated. Beds are com- Everton 8 U

Southwest Northeast South North A A� B B� Elevation Elevation Dogtown (feet) Hollow (feet) Beech Landing 1000 Odp 1000 1000 1000 Oj Odp Ok Msw MDS Oj Odp Ok Odp Msl Osp Osp Mbk 0 Ou 0 0 Ou 0

Om ?

-1000 _u -1000 -1000 _u -1000 Ou

p_ -2000 -2000 -2000 -2000 _u p_

p_ -3000 -3000

South North C C� Elevation (feet) Metz Creek Mbk MDS Mbk 1000 &u Q Msl Msw 1000

Mbk 0 0 Ou MDS

-1000 Ou -1000 ? _u

-2000 _u -2000 p_ p_ -3000 -3000

Salem and Horizontal scale: 1 inch = 2,000 feet Q Quaternary Msw Om Maquoketa Shale Oj Joachim Dolomite _u Warsaw Formations undivided Vertical scale: 1 inch = 2,000 feet No vertical exaggeration Pennsylvanian Burlington-Keokuk Kimmswick &u Mbk Ok Osp St. Peter Sandstone p_ undivided Limestones Limestone basement

Mississippian, Decorah and Plattin Ordovician Msl St. Louis Limestone MDS Odp Ou Devonian, Silurian Limestones undivided

STATEMAP Winfield-BG Sheet 2 of 2

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