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The Potential of Asar Cave As a Natural Tourism Asset at Lenggong Valley, Perak

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The Potential of Asar Cave As a Natural Tourism Asset at Lenggong Valley, Perak SHS Web of Conferences 12, 01014 (2014) DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/20141201014 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2014 Cave Tourism: The Potential of Asar Cave as a Natural Tourism Asset at Lenggong Valley, Perak Main Rindam1 1Centre for Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia Abstract. The Lenggong Valley, from a standpoint of natural tourism research, presents strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges that can be utilized to help increase the opportunities for the local community to increase their standard of living. Asar Cave comprises one of the caves that are found in Lenggong. A series of external studies have been done on Asar Cave in order to measure its potential for natural tourism in Lenggong. The objective of this study is to discuss caves as a natural resource that has great potential in the growth of the economy of the residents of the Lenggong Valley. Marketing caves as a source of nature tourism helps the government’s achievements in National Key Result Areas, apart from being a form of environmental control as well as helping to increase awareness about environmental education, specifically those associated with caves. The research results find that SWOT analysis presents huge potential for caves to become a source of nature tourism development in Lenggong. Great potential can also be seen from a standpoint of increasing the standard of living of its residents through their involvement in the tourism sector based on local natural assets. 1 Introduction Caves are a part of nature tourism, or “ecotourism” , that is capable of attracting tourists [1] and it increases in popularity in Korea [2] and even in Vietnam [3]. Caves are important to the tourism industry because it develops rapidly in developing countries, where hundreds of caves every year are developed for that purpose [4]. It could be said that caves form a complex natural resource in the large-scale tourism trade of a particular country [5]. There are more than 5,000 tourist-friendly caves around the world currently, with 10 of them being significant caves. Cave tourism successfully pulls approximately 250 million tourists every year with an estimated expenditure of USD2 billion, apart from providing employment to 200,000 people and generating a total household income of USD100 million per year [4]. The opening of Gua Phong Nha-Khe Bang, Vietnam in 1990 for instance, can facilitate to diminish the rate of poverty in the local community [6]. Taking inspiration from this experience, many countries around the world have taken initiatives to develop the caves found amongst them to be raised as important tourism products, such as the case with Brazil [19], Russia [5], Indonesia [20] and Australia [21]. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Article available at http://www.shs-conferences.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20141201014 SHS Web of Conferences The awareness behind turning caves into a source of natural tourism reaches far past the borders of mere economics. Based on the development of Malaysia, it involves the National Key Result Areas (NKRAs) o the government which seek to improve the quality of life of the local citizenry, and empower both urban and rural population [7]. Although it connects itself to the issue of eradicating hardcore poverty which itself is related to the granting of aid by the Malaysian Welfare Department, the development of women entrepreneurs and encouraging prosperity within rural communities through the increasing of various local infrastructure, it does not necessarily have to be the metaphorical ‘fish’, but is necessarily more akin to the same metaphor’s “fishing rod”. Sustainability is described as increasing the quality of life through the increase of entrepreneurial knowledge. It’s respectively, development that improves the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems. Developing natural resources and assets is ultimately for the sake of the sustainability of their livelihoods. The anthropocentric view focuses on the sustainable welfare of human [22]. The specialness and uniqueness of a certain cave’s landscape should be shared with the general public. It is unique because caves only present the frond portion or ‘gate’ of itself, while most of it remains hidden [8]. The perception of the cave as a dark and foreboding place needs to be changed because in reality it comprises a landscape that is beautiful and awe-inspiring [9]. The aim of this paper is to discuss caves as a natural resource that has huge potential in the growth of the economy of the inhabitants of the Lenggong Valley. Therefore, marketing caves as natural source of tourism is important in order to help the achievement of government NKRAs, as well to serve as environmental conservation and to increase awareness of environmental education that is relevant to caves. Secondly is to explain SWOT analysis and its link to cave tourism development program in Lenggong, Perak. 2 Area Background Asar Cave is situated to the West of Kajang Cave. It has a geographic location of 5° 07.53’ North and 100° 58.82’ East. This cave is situated 78 meter above sea level. In order to get to Asar Cave, visitors must travel through Kajang Cave and use a footpath as soon as they exit from the Southern gate of the aforementioned cave. The small footpath that has been layered with wood was built in bridge-form in order to ease visitors that wish to visit Asar Cave, Puteri Cave and Ngaum Cave. Moreover, this path forms a physical border between a rubber plantation and the foothills of a karst landforms that forms a complex of combined limestone caves in Lenggong, Perak. The landscape of Asar Cave has one main gate that faces the South exactly in front of the Information Booth of the said cave, which was built by the Museum And Lenggong Heritage Authority. Visitors to Asar Cave will pass past many vents which can be entered through a variety of direction, including from the top of the cave. The inner land scape of Asar Cave is not like Kajang Cave, because it only has one main chamber and possesses a high ceiling at its Southern gate and tapers or lowers towards its Northern side. There are several vents in the East ceiling and wall of Asar Cave, but its opening is not very large. The interesting aspect of these vents is that they serve as passages that allow sunlight to enter into Asar Cave, which gives an artistic impact that is quite attractive. Asar Cave possesses only one space or main hall. The ceiling for this space possesses many stalactites, and has no stalagmites. The stalactites of Asar Cave are unique in that their shape is sharp like the tooth of a shark (shark tooth stalactite). This fact shows that Asar Cave is a younger cave when compared to Kajang Cave or Puteri Cave. The existence of ‘soda straws’ and ‘flowstone’ on the cave walls is a natural resource that can be marketed to tourists. There are two kinds of rock present, namely tufa and travertine. Tufa is formed through the precipitation of calsium carbonate and is porous, while travertine is formed through the deposition of calcium carbonate is one of the signs that might be on Gua Kajang [10]. 01014-p.2 4ICTR The description of Asar Cave from a physical geography standpoint comprises something that is interesting to produce and write out, because it itself is a field that is still new in Malaysia, even though this field has been long well-researched at the global level. Papers on this cave are hoped to give information that can be shared with the local citizenry associated with Ansar Cave, and brings communities both local and foreign to come and get to know it more intimately. It comprises the caves that must be visited in Lenggong because of its location, which is in the middle of Kajang Cave, Ngaum Cave and Puteri Cave. Landscapes such as stalactites can be found on the ceiling of Asar Cave. It has a coarse shape and slightly different from the stalagmites that are created through the dripped water, undergoing a crystallization process. According to the locals, several vents or exist found in Asar Cave connects the said with other caves in its vicinity. These passages form added value packages that can be marketed as a tourism product that is based on a natural resource. Asar cave are fragile and should be conserved. Since cave are delicate place and almost no mechanisms for repair any cracks, scratches or even name writen on the wall, do so will stay that way perhaps idenfinitely. Asar cave provide food and shalter for animals particulary poultry such as birds and bats. They are particulary vulnerable to human interference when they are hibernating, and when they are bringing up the young. The best practice when we visit them is stick to one trail to minimize damage to the floor and wall of the cave. 3 The Potential of Asar Cave as a Tourism Attraction in Lenggong Valley, Perak Mammoth Cave National Park has successfully raked in USD62 million for its local community in the south of Kentucky, USA [11]. If Mammoth Cave can give such a positive impact to the local economy, there is no reason why Asar Cave and its network of caves in the Lenggong Valley should not as well. Although some would says the Mammoth cave may be inappropriate as the cave resources in Lenggong cannot be compered but don’t look at physical assets instead of the way people manage this cave to attract tourist.
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