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Special Forces Use of Pack Animals

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Special Forces Use of Pack Animals FM 3-05.213 (FM 31-27) Special Forces Use of Pack Animals JUNE 2004 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on 2 April 2004. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DT-SFD, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5000. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that must prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. Headquarters, Department of the Army *FM 3-05.213 (FM 31-27) Field Manual Headquarters No. 3-05.213 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 16 June 2004 Special Forces Use of Pack Animals Contents Page PREFACE .................................................................................................................iv Chapter 1 MILITARY PACK ANIMAL OPERATIONS ............................................................ 1-1 Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 1-1 Planning Considerations ......................................................................................... 1-2 Chapter 2 ANIMAL MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................... 2-1 Mule Characteristics ............................................................................................... 2-1 Donkey Characteristics .......................................................................................... 2-2 Selection ................................................................................................................. 2-5 Animal Conformation .............................................................................................. 2-5 Health and Welfare ................................................................................................ 2-9 Feed and Water ................................................................................................... 2-13 Feeding in Garrison .............................................................................................. 2-23 Feeding in the Field .............................................................................................. 2-24 Care of Forage ..................................................................................................... 2-27 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on 2 April 2004. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DT-SFD, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5000. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that must prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. ______________ *This publication supersedes FM 31-27, 15 February 2000. i FM 3-05.213 Page Chapter 3 ANIMAL CARE AND TRAINING ............................................................................3-1 Grooming ................................................................................................................3-1 Farrier Science ........................................................................................................3-4 Field Training ........................................................................................................3-13 Chapter 4 ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT .......................................................................4-1 Animal Behavior ......................................................................................................4-1 Physical Examination ..............................................................................................4-3 First-Aid Supplies ....................................................................................................4-7 First-Aid Treatment .................................................................................................4-9 Parasitic Infestation ...............................................................................................4-14 Diseases ...............................................................................................................4-15 Hypothermia ..........................................................................................................4-19 Heat and Sun Stress .............................................................................................4-21 Immunization Schedule .........................................................................................4-22 Medical Supply List ...............................................................................................4-23 Pharmacological Listing ........................................................................................4-24 Euthanasia.............................................................................................................4-24 Chapter 5 PACKING EQUIPMENT .........................................................................................5-1 Selection of Equipment ...........................................................................................5-1 Packsaddles ............................................................................................................5-1 Halter and Packing Equipment ...............................................................................5-5 Care of Equipment ................................................................................................5-10 Fitting and Adjusting the Saddle ...........................................................................5-12 Unsaddling the Animal ..........................................................................................5-16 Saddling With a Fitted Saddle ...............................................................................5-17 Chapter 6 HORSEMANSHIP ...................................................................................................6-1 Equipment ...............................................................................................................6-1 Western and McClellan Saddles .............................................................................6-4 Riding Techniques ..................................................................................................6-9 Leading a Pack String ...........................................................................................6-11 Combat Considerations ........................................................................................6-14 ii FM 3-05.213 Page Chapter 7 TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES ..................................................................... 7-1 Tying and Using Knots ........................................................................................... 7-1 Wrapping Cargo With a Mantee ............................................................................. 7-1 Building Loads ...................................................................................................... 7-11 Special Weapons Loads ...................................................................................... 7-12 Saddling ................................................................................................................ 7-16 Slings and Hitches ................................................................................................ 7-18 The Pack String .................................................................................................... 7-23 Campsites ............................................................................................................ 7-25 Transporting Sick and Wounded Personnel ......................................................... 7-29 Chapter 8 ORGANIZATION AND MOVEMENT ..................................................................... 8-1 Organization ........................................................................................................... 8-1 Duties and Responsibilities .................................................................................... 8-1 Movement Procedures ........................................................................................... 8-2 Stream Crossing at Fords ...................................................................................... 8-4 Crossing Unfordable Water .................................................................................... 8-9 Bivouac ................................................................................................................. 8-15 Chapter 9 TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................ 9-1 Security ................................................................................................................... 9-1 Cover and Concealment ......................................................................................... 9-2 Actions on Contact ................................................................................................. 9-2 Urban Environments ............................................................................................... 9-3 Chapter 10 LLAMAS AND OTHER ANIMALS ......................................................................
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