Using a Logistic Phenology Model with Improved Degree-Day Accumulators to Forecast Emergence of Pest Grasshoppers
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Effects of Insolation and Body Orientation on Internal Thoracic Tem.Perature of Nym.Phal Melanoplus Packardii (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
PHYSIOLOGICALANDCHEMICALECOLOGY Effects of Insolation and Body Orientation on Internal Thoracic Tem.perature of Nym.phal Melanoplus packardii (Orthoptera: Acrididae) DEREK J. LACTIN ANDDAN L. JOHNSON Land Rl?sourcl? Sciences Section, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, P.O. Box .3000, Lethbridge, All TlJ 4131 Canada Environ. Entomol. 25(2): 423-429 (1996) ABSTRACT The effect of insolation un body temperature of nymphal Packard grasshoppers, Melmwpills packardii Scudder, was measured in the field. Live nymphs were each restrained in a Sl?ril?Sof orientations to the sun, and insolation was adjusted using a shade cloth. Internal thoracic temperature was allowed to stabilize and was compared with that of a reference Downloaded from nymph restrained in a sunshade. Equilibrium body temperatures of insolated nymphs exceed- l'd that of the reference nymph by an amount (aT/,) which increased with energy intercepted (ENERGY) and insect size (SIZE) by a relationship of the form aTb = a . ENERGY· SIZEh. \Vhen insect size was expressed as mass (grams), the estimates of a and b were L8.76 and -0.312, respectively (r2 = 0.6198); when insect size wa~ expressed as length (millimeters), a and b were 826.66 and -1.133, respectively (r2 = 0.6463) These results allow estimation of l'quilibrium body temperature elevation of M. packardii nymphs from solar radiation, the http://ee.oxfordjournals.org/ zenith angle of the sun, insect size, and the orientation of the insect to the sun. KEY WORDS grasshopper, body temperature, thermoregulation, size effects, biophysics MANYTEHRESTHIALECTOTHEHMScan control their insect size on the relationship between energy in- body temperature (TT,) by exploiting environmental terception and equilibrium T}, elevation. -
Spur-Throated Grasshoppers of the Canadian Prairies and Northern Great Plains
16 Spur-throated grasshoppers of the Canadian Prairies and Northern Great Plains Dan L. Johnson Research Scientist, Grassland Insect Ecology, Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, [email protected] The spur-throated grasshoppers have become the most prominent grasshoppers of North Ameri- can grasslands, not by calling attention to them- selves by singing in the vegetation (stridulating) like the slant-faced grasshoppers, or by crackling on the wing (crepitating) like the band-winged grasshoppers, but by virtue of their sheer num- bers, activities and diversity. Almost all of the spur-throated grasshoppers in North America are members of the subfamily Melanoplinae. The sta- tus of Melanoplinae is somewhat similar in South America, where the melanopline Dichroplus takes the dominant role that the genus Melanoplus pated, and hiding in the valleys?) scourge that holds in North America (Cigliano et al. 2000). wiped out so much of mid-western agriculture in The biogeographic relationships are analysed by the 1870’s. Chapco et al. (2001). The grasshoppers are charac- terized by a spiny bump on the prosternum be- Approximately 40 species of grasshoppers in tween the front legs, which would be the position the subfamily Melanoplinae (mainly Tribe of the throat if they had one. This characteristic is Melanoplini) can be found on the Canadian grass- easy to use; I know elementary school children lands, depending on weather and other factors af- who can catch a grasshopper, turn it over for a fecting movement and abundance. The following look and say “melanopline” before grabbing the notes provide a brief look at representative next. -
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NUTRIENT RESOURCES AND STOICHIOMETRY AFFECT THE ECOLOGY OF ABOVE- AND BELOWGROUND INVERTEBRATE CONSUMERS by JAYNE LOUISE JONAS B.S., Wayne State College, 1998 M.S., Kansas State University, 2000 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Division of Biology College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2007 Abstract Aboveground and belowground food webs are linked by plants, but their reciprocal influences are seldom studied. Because phosphorus (P) is the primary nutrient associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, and evidence suggests it may be more limiting than nitrogen (N) for some insect herbivores, assessing carbon (C):N:P stoichiometry will enhance my ability to discern trophic interactions. The objective of this research was to investigate functional linkages between aboveground and belowground invertebrate populations and communities and to identify potential mechanisms regulating these interactions using a C:N:P stoichiometric framework. Specifically, I examine (1) long-term grasshopper community responses to three large-scale drivers of grassland ecosystem dynamics, (2) food selection by the mixed-feeding grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus, (3) the mechanisms for nutrient regulation by M. bivittatus, (4) food selection by fungivorous Collembola, and (5) the effects of C:N:P on invertebrate community composition and aboveground-belowground food web linkages. In my analysis of grasshopper community responses to fire, bison grazing, and weather over 25 years, I found that all three drivers affected grasshopper community dynamics, most likely acting indirectly through effects on plant community structure, composition and nutritional quality. In a field study, the diet of M. -
Forms of Melanoplus Bowditchi (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Collected from Different Host Plants Are Indistinguishable Genetically and in Aedeagal Morphology
Forms of Melanoplus bowditchi (Orthoptera: Acrididae) collected from diVerent host plants are indistinguishable genetically and in aedeagal morphology Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,4 , Fatima Mustafa1,5 , Kate M. Kneeland1, Mathew L. Brust2, W. Wyatt Hoback3,6 , Shripat T. Kamble1 and John E. Foster1 1 Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA 2 Department of Biology, Chadron State College, Chadron, NE, USA 3 Department of Biology, University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE, USA 4 Current aYliation: Department of Entomology, University of Sargodha, Pakistan 5 Current aYliation: Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan 6 Current aYliation: Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA ABSTRACT The sagebrush grasshopper, Melanoplus bowditchi Scudder (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a phytophilous species that is widely distributed in the western United States on sagebrush species. The geographical distribution of M. bowditchi is very similar to the range of its host plants and its feeding association varies in relation to sagebrush dis- tribution. Melanoplus bowditchi bowditchi Scudder and M. bowditchi canus Hebard were described based on their feeding association with diVerent sagebrush species, sand sagebrush and silver sagebrush, respectively. Recently, M. bowditchi have been observed feeding on other plant species in western Nebraska. We collected adult M. bowditchi feeding on four plant species, sand sagebrush, Artemisia filifolia, big sagebrush, A. tridentata, fringed sagebrush, A. frigidus, and winterfat, Kraschenin- Submitted 10 January 2014 nikovia lanata. We compared the specimens collected from the four plant species for Accepted 17 May 2014 Published 10 June 2014 their morphological and genetic diVerences. We observed no consistent diVerences among the aedeagal parameres or basal rings among the grasshoppers collected Corresponding author W. -
Field Guide to Some of the Common Grasshoppers of the Front Range of Colorado
Field guide to some of the common grasshoppers of the Front Range of Colorado Instructions: The following guide presents the grasshopper species most commonly found along an elevational gradient from the plains of Boulder, Colorado, to the subalpine that lies to the west. Use this guide to identify the species that are found during each weekly sample at your designated site. This will help you determine whether climate change is impacting the timing to adulthood of each community. Grasshoppers of the Front Range There are 548 species of North American grasshoppers and 133 of these occur in Colorado. Only about a dozen of these species are considered important pests on rangelands, with five of these causing most problems on crops. Within the Front Range of Colorado, 72 species can be found, although most are relatively uncommon. The most commonly encountered species along our lower foothills (1752m) to subalpine (3000 m) transect can be placed into 3 groups (subfamilies); Gomphocerinae, Melanoplinae and Oedipodinae. The Gomphocerinae (slant-faced grasshoppers) are grass specialists that tend to be small and are the grasshoppers commonly heard in meadows chorusing during the day. The Melanoplinae (spur-throated grasshoppers) are the most commonly encountered grasshoppers and are primarily forb feeders. Melanoplinae are small (but some can be large) and several of these species tend to be short winged and cannot actively fly, They do not chorus. Most of the Oedipodinae (banded-winged grasshoppers) tend to be grass feeders or herbivorous (both grass and forb feeding) and are rarely solely forb feeders. These grasshoppers are commonly found in open areas where they bask and display, they vary considerably in size, and are all active fliers that often use their wings to make loud clicking sounds. -
The Ecology of Selected Grasshopper Species Along an Elevational Gradient by David Harrison Wachter a Thesis Submitted in Partia
The ecology of selected grasshopper species along an elevational gradient by David Harrison Wachter A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology Montana State University © Copyright by David Harrison Wachter (1995) Abstract: The extent to which grasshopper communities along an elevational gradient change in southwest Montana was studied. In addition to this, four species were chosen to examine changes in phenology along the gradient. This thesis examines the hypothesis that species assemblages change with elevation and that intraspecific variation in phenology occurs with changes in elevation. I used detrended correspondence analysis to evaluate changes in grasshopper and plant species across eleven sampling sites of varying elevation and aspect. Weekly sampling of each site allowed for the plotting of phenologies for Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus bivittatus, Chorthippus curtipennis, and Melanoplus oregonensis. The results showed non-random distribution of grasshopper species along the gradient. Grasshopper species distribution was significantly correlated to elevation, precipitation, proportion of grasses and forbs, and the total number of plant species. Phenological studies showed thatnymphal emergence was later at sites greater in elevation. Adults from higher elevation sites appeared at collection dates nearly equal to those from lower elevation sites. THE ECOLOGY OF SELECTED GRASSHOPPER SPECIES ALONG AN ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT by David Harrison Wachter A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana December 1995 Uii+* APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by David Harrison Wachter This thesis has been read by each member of the thesis committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citations, bibliographic style, and consistency, and is ready for submission to the College of Graduate Studies. -
Agenda TOPS Working Committee Please Silence Your Phone During the Meeting
Parks, Recreation & Cultural Services PR&CS Administration, 1401 Recreation Way, Colorado Springs, CO 80905 Revised Agenda TOPS Working Committee Please silence your phone during the meeting. ______________________________________________________________________________ Wednesday, November 7, 2018 7:30 a.m. Open Space Room ______________________________________________________________________________ Agenda Preview Committee and Staff Announcements Staff Approval of Minutes Committee ______________________________________________________________________________ Citizen Discussion Citizens ______________________________________________________________________________ Action Item Red Rock Canyon Open Space Master Plan Amendment Scott Abbott/John Stark Friends of Red Rock Canyon Presentations Corral Bluffs BioBlitz Sharon Milito White Acres Alternatives Britt Haley ______________________________________________________________________________ Citizen Discussion Citizens ______________________________________________________________________________ Adjournment COLORADO SPRINGS PARKS AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT PARKS AND RECREATION ADVISORY BOARD ___________________________________________________________________________ Date: November 7, 2018 Item Number: Action Item - 1 Item Name: Minor Amendment to the Red Rock Canyon Master and Management Plan Trail System SUMMARY: Red Rock Canyon Master and Management Plan Trail (Red Rock Canyon Trail/ Red Rock Rim Trail) Connector. Heavy rains and the subsequent flooding in 2013 and 2015 required action -
An Ecological Survey of the Orthoptera of Oklahoma
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SHAREOK repository Technical Bulletin No. 5 December, 1938 OKLAHOMA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Lippert S. Ellis, Acting Director An Ecological Survey of the Orthoptera of Oklahoma By MORGAN HEBARD Philadelphia Museum of Natural History Curator of Orthoptera Stillwater, Oklahoma FOREWORD By F. A. Fenton Head, Department of Entomology Oklahoma A. and M. College The grasshopper problem in Oklahoma has become of increasing importance in recent years, and because these insects are among the state's most destructive agricultural pests the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station has taken up their study as one of its important research proj ects. An important step in this work is a survey to determine what species occur in the State, their geographic distribution, and the relative import ance of different species as crop and range pests. The present bulletin represents such a survey which was made during a particularly favorable year when grasshoppers were unusually abundant and destructive. The major portion of the State was covered and collections were made in all of the more important types of habitats. To make the stup.y more complete, all of the Orthoptera have been included in this bulletin. One hundred and four species and 12 subspecies or races are listed for the State, including 17 which are classed as in jurious. The data are based upon over seven thousand specimens which were collected during the period of the investigation. This collection was classified by Doctor Morgan Hebard, Curator of Orthoptera, Philadelphia Museum of Natural History, who is the author of this bulletin. -
VI.8 Seasonal Occurrence of Common Western North Dakota Grasshoppers
VI.8 Seasonal Occurrence of Common Western North Dakota Grasshoppers By W. J. Cushing, R. N. Foster, K. C. Reuter, and Dave Hirsch Several authors have compiled excellent taxonomic keys Field personnel collected data on pretreatment and post- for identifying various grasshopper groups in North treatment grasshopper densities, species composition, and America: slantfaced and bandwinged adults by Otte age structure at permanent sampling sites on treated and (1981), spurthroated adults by Brooks (1958), and the untreated plots. To determine density, each site had a cir- identification of nymphs of the genus Melanoplus by cular transect of 40 0.1-m2 rings placed 5 m apart Hanford (1946). Others have used hatching dates and (Onsager and Henry 1977). Rings were in place for the developmental charts to aid in grasshopper identification. duration of the season. For Wyoming and Montana, excellent examples are the charts developed by Newton (1954) and the charts modi- To sample, field personnel took 400 sweeps, 200 high fied for use in Colorado by Capinera (1981). and fast and 200 low and slow, with standard sweep nets during the grasshopper season. Samples were sacked, Many of the identification aids are not commonly avail- frozen, and later identified in the laboratory by species able and are technical and difficult to use in a field situa- and age class for each site and sampling date. tion because of bulk and terminology. Also, the field person attempting to use such identification aids usually During a 7-year period from 1987 to 1993, the GHIPM is a temporary summer employee with little or no back- Project studied 25 separate demonstration areas. -
Word Document for Grasshopper Atlas
University of Wyoming Department of Ecosystem Science and Management In Cooperation With USDA APHIS PPQ, and the Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Program Distribution Atlas for Grasshoppers and Mormon Crickets in Wyoming 1987-2019 Lockwood, Jeffrey A. McNary, Timothy J. Larsen, John C. Zimmerman, Kiana Shambaugh, Bruce Latchininsky, Alexandre Herring, Boone Legg, Cindy Revised March 2020 Revisions consisted of updating the distribution maps. Text was revised only to indicate information pertaining to this revision such as contributors and dates. Introduction Although the United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has conducted rangeland grasshopper surveys for over 40 years, there has been no systematic effort to identify or record species as part of this effort. Various taxonomic efforts have contributed to existing distribution maps, but these data are highly biased and virtually impossible to interpret from a regional perspective. In the last thirty years, United States Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service-Plant Protection and Quarantine Program (USDA-APHIS-PPQ), Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Program (CAPS), and the University of Wyoming have collaborated on developing a systematic, comprehensive species-based survey of grasshoppers (Larson et al 1988). The resulting database serves as the foundation for information and maps in this publication, which was developed to provide a valuable tool for grasshopper management and biological research. Grasshopper management is increasingly focused on species-based decisions. Of the rangeland grasshopper species in Wyoming, perhaps 10 percent have serious pest potential, 5-10 percent have occasional pest potential, 5 percent have known beneficial effects, and the remaining species have no potential for economic harm and may be ecologically beneficial. -
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THE RELATIONSHIP OF GRAZING TO ORTHOPTERAN DIVERSITY IN THE INTERMONTANE GRASSLANDS OF THE SOUTH OKANAGAN, BRITISH COLUMBIA by PEGGY LIU GRIESDALE B. Sc., The University of British Columbia, 1998 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (ZOOLOGY) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September 2005 © Peggy Liu Griesdale, 2005 ABSTRACT The antelope-brush shrub-steppe of the South Okanagan is small in size yet home to many of the unique and endangered flora and fauna of British Columbia and Canada. More insect species are found in this ecosystem than other grassland ecosystems. Antelope-brush ecosystems are dominated by bunchgrasses, antelope-brush, and a well-developed cryptogam crust, owing to the hot and dry summers of the South Okanagan. Urban and vineyard development are the most immediate threat to this fragile ecosystem, followed by unmanaged livestock grazing. Livestock grazing exposes soil, stunts plant growth, and fragments the cryptogam crust. Less than 9% of the antelope-brush ecosystem is relatively undisturbed and only two small ecological reserves exist. Orthopterans are the most important invertebrate herbivore in North American grasslands and are one of the main biotic influences on grasslands. While Orthopterans assist with biomass turnover and nutrient cycling processes of ecosystem functioning, they may add to the effects of livestock overgrazing. Numerous studies have shown contradictory results of the relationship between grasshopper abundances and grazing pressures. As part of a larger study of the biodiversity and impact of grazing on this threatened ecosystem, this study was conducted to determine how livestock grazing in the intermontane grasslands of the South Okanagan of British Columbia influenced the abundance and species assemblage of Orthopterans. -
Appendix F. List of Citations Accepted by ECOTOX Criteria and Database
Appendix F. List of citations accepted by ECOTOX criteria and Database The citations in Appendices F and G were considered for inclusion in ECOTOX. Citations include the ECOTOX Reference number, as well as rejection codes (if relevant). The query was run in October, 1999 and revised March and June, 2000. References in Section F.1 include chlorpyrifos papers accepted by both ECOTOX and OPP and cited within this risk assessment. Sections F.2 through F.4. include the full list of chlorpyrifos papers from the 2007, 2008 and 2009 ECOTOX runs that were accepted by ECOTOX and OPP whether or not cited within the risk assessment and the full list of papers accepted by ECOTOX but not by OPP. ECOTOX Acceptability Criteria and Rejection Codes: Papers must meet minimum criteria for inclusion in the ECOTOX database as established in the Interim Guidance of the Evaluation Criteria for Ecological Toxicity Data in the Open Literature, Phase I and II, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 16, 2004. Each study must contain all of the following: • toxic effects from a single chemical exposure; • toxic effects on an aquatic or terrestrial plant or animal species; • biological effects on live, whole organisms; • concurrent environmental chemical concentrations/doses or application rates; and • explicit duration of exposure. Appendix G includes the list of citations excluded by ECOTOX and the list of exclusion terms and descriptions. For chlorpyrifos, hundreds of references were not accepted by ECOTOX for one or more reasons. OPP Acceptability Criteria and Rejection Codes for ECOTOX Data Studies located and coded into ECOTOX should also meet OPP criterion for use in a risk assessment (Section F.1).