Part 4- Bureaucracy

Unit 4

Creative Lessons for success with AP US Government & Politics

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The AP Exam

In AP US Government and Politics we will better understand the American political system by focusing on six main units of study: The Constitution, Political Culture, The Political Process, Political Institutions, Public Policy, & Civil Rights & Liberties.

Unit Title and Topics Percent of AP Exam 1 The Constitution 10% Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Federalism Theories of Democracy 2 Political Culture 15% The Political beliefs of Citizens How Citizens learn their Political Beliefs Public Opinion How Citizens Participate in Politics 3 Political Process 15% Interest Groups Political Parties Public Opinion, Participation, and Voting Campaigns and Elections Mass Media 4 Institutions of Government 40% Congress Presidency Judiciary Bureaucracy Institutions, the Political Process, & Citizens 5 Public Policy 10% Policymaking in Federalism Formulating Policy Agendas Policymaking Institutions, Citizens &Political Process 6 Civil Rights and Liberties 10% Rights and the Judiciary Your Rights The 14th Amendment and Rights

UNIT 4 – Institutions of Government Part 4 - Bureaucracy

Unit Title and Topics Percent of AP Exam 4 Institutions of Government 40% Congress Presidency Judiciary Bureaucracy Institutions, the Political Process, and Citizens

Unit Four Political Institutions Part 4 – Bureaucracy Goals Critical thinking Collaboration Communication Creativity Content Students will be able to: • Identify the major powers of the bureaucracy • Analyze the reasons for the evolution of the bureaucracy throughout US history • Understand the history of the US bureaucracy • Identify the duties and evaluate the relative power of different actors in the bureaucracy • Analyze the causes of the growth of the modern bureaucracy • Evaluate the impact of an unelected bureaucracy on our democratic system • Identify the major agencies of the US government and their powers • Describe the methods of bureaucratic oversight • Explain the ways Congress and the president attempt to control the bureaucracy • Evaluate the relative power of the three branches of government • Evaluate the impact of public opinion on the bureaucracy • Describe the relationship between the bureaucracy and linkage institutions such as the media, interest groups, and political parties

Unit 4 is divided into the following sections 1. Congress 2. Presidency 3. Judiciary 4. Bureaucracy

Day 1- Introduction to Bureaucracy

Materials - Attached Unit 4 Schedule – Bureaucracy Government Review: Name that GoPo Tune Review Bureaucracy Introduction Bureaucracy Infographic Bureaucracy Video Introduction Bureaucracy Terms Bureaucracy Terms Answer Key Bureaucracy Organization Charts

Materials - Not Attached Bureaucracy Review Material https://www.jonathanmilner.org/lessons/gopo-pro

Agenda AIM - Go over Agenda, Intent – introduction to bureaucracy, & Materials

Infographic - Find today’s infographic at https://www.jonathanmilner.org/starters/

Institutions of Government Review: Name that GoPo Tune Review Work on sheet individually for 5 minutes, in teams for 3 minutes, then share answers with class.

Bureaucracy Introduction – students complete sheet individually, go over as class, discuss.

Bureaucracy Video Introduction Watch videos and complete Video Introduction sheet

Bureaucracy Infographic

Homework - Bureaucracy Terms – due tomorrow Hand out Bureaucracy Terms to students. Assign individuals or teams a term (2 – 11) to define and give example of in class tomorrow. I share answers for #1) Department and then go over Bureaucracy Organization Charts to illustrate the concept of a department with the FBI organization chart.

Tweet Recap Students do the following to be shared tomorrow in class with your colleagues: On paper or on Twitter, share one interesting or surprising fact you learned in class today #apgopo.

Unit 4 Schedule – Bureaucracy

Day Topic Assignment Due 1 Introduction to Bureaucracy Come to class ready to learn, learn, learn! 2 Bureaucracy Terms Bureaucracy Terms 3 Bureaucracy Organization Department Vital Statistics 4 Making Policy Making Policy 5 Regulators Regulators 6 Bureaucracy Journal Review Bureaucracy Journal Review 7 Bureaucracy Accountability Bureaucracy Accountability 8 Locked in the Cabinet Locked in the Cabinet - 2015 9 Bureaucracy Project Bureaucracy Project 10 Review Day* All tests and reviews available at https://www.jonathanmilner.org/lessons/gopo-pro

You’ll find tons of ancillary materials and links to all the videos and materials at http://politicsstudio.wikifoundry.com/page/Bureaucracy

Name That GoPo Tune Review

Institutions of Government

List a song or lyric that summarizes ______: • List a song or lyric that summarizes Presidential Powers: If you've got the money Honey, I've got the time. - Willie Nelson

• List a song or lyric that summarizes the US Presidential campaign system: Take the Money and Run — the Steve Miller Band Can’t Feel My Face – The Weeknd One More Night – Maroon 5 Stayin’ Alive – Bee Gees Let’s Get It On – Marvin Gaye

• List a song or lyric that summarizes the evolution of the presidency: The Times Are A Changin – Bob Dylan

• List a song or lyric that summarizes how a bill becomes a law: I Will Survive – Gloria Gaynor Another One Bites the Dust - Queen

• List a song or lyric that summarizes Federal Judiciary:

• List a song or lyric that summarizes the relationship between the 3 branches of government: Fight the Power – Public Enemy

Bureaucracy Introduction

• Compelling Question Do we really have a democracy where the people control the government or does the unelected bureaucracy really have the power to control the people?

• Define bureaucracy: byo͝ oˈräkrəsē/

1. a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

The term "bureaucracy" is French in origin, and combines the French word bureau – desk or office – with the Greek word κράτος kratos – rule or political power.

• List three facts you know about the U.S. federal bureaucracy:

• Write 1 thing you’d like to learn or 1 question about the bureaucracy:

• List five things the U.S. federal bureaucracy does:

• List three specific jobs that are part of the U.S. federal bureaucracy:

• Describe any interaction you have had with the federal bureaucracy:

• Does your interaction with the bureaucracy generally empower or disempower you?

• Vote with your feet On one side of the room is a large white sheet of paper entitled: The Bureaucracy is Good On the other side of the room is a large white sheet of paper entitled: The Bureaucracy is Bad

Stand near the sign you most agree with and write one reason you agree on the sheet of paper. After everyone has taken a position, volunteers will share their reasons and opinions. Poll the class for a final tally of their opinion on the bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is Good Bureaucracy is Bad

Take a photo of the winning written arguments and post it to Twitter at @Classroooooooms

Bureaucracy Infographic

¿How has the federal bureaucracy changed over U.S. history?

1. How accurate was your prediction? 2. Define US Federal Bureaucracy: 3. List one example of the US Federal Bureaucracy: 4. What is the big picture story of this chart? 5. Is this good news or bad news? 6. Why do you think the bureaucracy has changed so much? 7. What is one consequence of the growth of the US bureaucracy? 8. Considering that we have gone from an agrarian, preindustrial, rural society (see chart below) to the crazy high tech world of today, is it a good thing that our bureaucracy has grown? 9. Where do you think the bureaucracy will be in another 100 years? 10. What would the US be like if our bureaucracy hadn’t grown with u Lots of things have changed over the past two-plus centuries. Some haven’t. Year Per Capita GDP Life Expectancy National 4th largest city Total US pop. GDP In Millions bird by pop. 1789* $1,107 $189 36 years Eagle Charleston at 4 million 16,359 2014** $50,010 $17,348,100 79 years Eagle Houston, TX 318.86 million at 2,099,451 *The United States ratified the Constitution, inaugurated its first president, and also the first Macaroni Machine was brought to the United States by Thomas Jefferson. **The biggest hit of 2014 was Pharrell William’s Happy

Bureaucracy Video Introduction

With a blank sheet of paper, make a trifold, dividing the paper into thirds. Trace a line down the folds to show the three equal portions of the paper. Repeat on the other side. On the top of one side of the paper write: #15, on the top of the other side write: #16. On both sides of paper, at the top of each of one of the three sections write: 3 main points. At the top of another section write: 3 major facts or terms. At the top of the final section write: 3 questions.

Watch Bureaucracy Basics: Crash Course Government and Politics #15 https://youtu.be/I8EQAnKntLs Fill in the #15 side of the paper, listing 3 main points, 3 facts, and 3 questions you have.

Watch Types of Bureaucracies: Crash Course Government and Politics #16 https://youtu.be/tIvUo3bP4Eo Fill in the #16 side of the paper, listing 3 main points, 3 facts, and 3 questions you have.

Trade your paper with someone else and try to answer at least one of their questions while they answer yours. Return the sheets to their rightful owner.

You can find all of these videos at http://politicsstudio.wikifoundry.com/page/Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy Terms

Circle the number you are assigned and be prepared to define + explain your term in class Term Definition Example 1. Departments The largest organization in government Inner Cabinet with the largest mission; also the highest Department of Defense, Department of rank in the federal hierarchy. There are State, Department of Justice, Department 15 departments in all. of the Treasury 2. Independent Regulatory commission 3. Independent Agencies

4. Government Corporations

5. Civil Service

6. Merit System/ Spoils System

7. Office of Personnel & Management 8. Implementation

9. Administrative Discretion

10. Rule

11. Federal Register

The Bureaucracy How does the Congress control it? How does the president control it?

Bureaucracy Terms Answer Key

Term Definition Example 1- The largest organization in government with Inner Cabinet Departments the largest mission; also the highest rank in the Department of federal hierarchy. There are 15 departments in Defense all. Department of State Department Agencies Department of There are agencies within departments such as Justice the Forest Service in the Agriculture Department of the Department, the National Park Service in the Treasury Department of the Interior, and the Census Bureau in the Commerce Department, that report to their department secretary. 2- A government agency or commission with Securities and Independent regulatory power designed to be protected Exchange Regulatory from direct presidential control. The members Commission Commissions of these commissions are often appointed for (SEC) long terms, cannot be removed without cause, Federal Election and are less responsive to political pressure. Commission (FEC) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Federal Reserve Board (The head of the Fed is appointed to 14 year terms) 3-Independent Government entities that are independent of Environmental Agencies federal departments, are generally smaller than Protection departments, and answer to the president. Agency (EPA) These are headed by administrators (second Central most senior title in bureaucracy behind Intelligence secretary). Agency (CIA) National Security Agency (NSA) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

4-Government Organizations that are established by the Corporation for Corporations government but that act like businesses and Public thus have more freedom from the rules that Broadcasting control most government agencies, especially (CPB) in terms of hiring and firing. Government U.S. Postal corporations are allowed to make money Service through sales of tickets, stamps, or home Amtrak loans. 5-Civil Service Federal Employees who work for government Worker for State through a competitive, not political selection Department or process. inspector for Agriculture department.

6-Merit Spoils - A system of public employment based Spoils - "To the System/Spoils on rewarding party loyalists and friends. victor go the System spoils!" Andrew Jackson stocks his Merit - A system of public employment in government which selection and promotion depend on completely with demonstrated performance rather than political allies in 1829. patronage. Patronage system

Merit - Pendleton Act of 1883 after assassination of James Garfield created an independent civil service. 7-Office of An agency that administers civil service laws, Personnel and rules, and regulations. Management 8-Implementation The process of putting a law into practice Writing checks at through bureaucratic rules or spending. the Social Security Administration, inspecting work sites for the OSHA, swearing in new citizens at the INS 9-Administrative Authority given by Congress to the federal The Congress Discretion bureaucracy to use reasonable judgment in makes a vague implementing the laws. law regarding air quality and the EPA has to decide

how specifically to enforce the law (levels of enforcement, amount of fines, frequency of enforcement). 10-Rule A precise statement of how a law is An Agriculture implemented. Department rule tells meat and poultry processors how to handle food. An EPA rule tells automakers gas mileage standards the must follow. 11-Federal Register The official record of what the federal If the Agriculture bureaucracy does. Department is going to make new rules governing organic food standards they must put that rule in the Federal Register so that all affected parties can make their opinions known to the agency during the "notice and comment" period.

The Bureaucracy How does the Congress control it? How does the president control it? 1. Confirm nominations made by the president to 1. Nominate people to be appointed to a department... appoint people to departments Remove people from departments 2. Appropriate money 2. Shape the direction of the administration 3. Create and pass the legislation needed to create 3. Give directives to an agency of what it needs to these departments accomplish 4. Investigate the administration 4. Reorganize federal departments 5. Shape the laws that would be executed by that 5. Change discretionary spending (but not really administration mandatory spending) 6. OBM analyzes and makes suggestions on the President's budget and President can use this to cut parts

Bureaucracy Organization Charts

Follow along with these organization charts of the US government, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Make your own organizational chart for one of the 15 departments of the US government and one of that department’s bureaus or sections. Be prepared to show your charts, explain what your department and section do, and fill in the department vital statistics chart.

Mission To enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans.

Bureaucracy Organization Charts

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Mission As an intelligence-driven and a threat-focused national security organization with both intelligence and law enforcement responsibilities, the mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.

Priorities The FBI focuses on threats that challenge the foundations of American society or involve dangers too large or complex for any local or state authority to handle alone. In executing the following priorities, the FBI—as both a national security and law enforcement organization—will produce and use intelligence to protect the nation from threats and to bring to justice those who violate the law. 1. Protect the United States from terrorist attack 2. Protect the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage 3. Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes 4. Combat public corruption at all levels 5. Protect civil rights 6. Combat transnational/national criminal organizations and enterprises

Day 2- Bureaucracy Terms

Materials - Attached Bureaucracy Infographic A – (copy this for HALF of your class) Bureaucracy Infographic B – (copy this for HALF of your class) Departments Vital Statistics Chart Bureaucracy Journal Review Regulators sheet (copy this for ALL of your class) Weak Rules on Toxins and Safety (copy this for HALF of your class) Regulators Deferred to Oil Industry on Rig Safety (copy this for HALF of your class)

Agenda AIM - Go over Agenda, Intent –bureaucracy terms, & Materials

Infographic - Find today’s infographic at https://www.jonathanmilner.org/starters/

Bureaucracy Introduction review – students share 1 interesting thing they learned yesterday

Bureaucracy Double Infographic Hand out the Bureaucracy double infographic. Assign side A to half the class and side B to the other half Students answer their side for 4 minutes, then find a student with the other side, and share answers. Ask one student to share the big story of each side of the infographic. Discuss with whole class.

Homework Department Vital Statistics – student teams of 4 pick a department to present to class tomorrow when you will share vital stats and an organization chart of your department. Complete Regulators sheet about your article in 3 days Read either 1)Article on Bureaucracy and toxins or 2)Regulators run by Oil Industry Bureaucracy Journal Review due in 4 days – go ahead and find an article

Bureaucracy Terms Students get out Bureaucracy Terms sheet. Get in a team with other people who share your number and take 5 minutes to compare answers. Student teams will also complete bureaucratic control chart at bottom of sheet and share with class. Copy Bureaucracy Terms Chart onto board. Teams write their definition & example on board then share their information with the entire class. Students copy information from the board into their charts. Share bureaucratic control chart data. Take a photograph of the class chart on the board and post it to #apgopo

Bureaucracy Vital Statistics – review assignment & departments - due tomorrow

Tweet Recap Students do the following to be shared tomorrow in class with your colleagues: On paper or on Twitter, share the most positive thing about the US federal bureaucracy #apgopo.