DOCSLIB.ORG

Information to Users

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9130593 The impact of insect diapause on water balance physiology Yoder, Jay Alan, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1991 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 THE IMPACT OF INSECT DIAPAUSE ON WATER BALANCE PHYSIOLOGY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Jay Alan Yoder, B.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1991 Dissertation Committee: David L. Denlinger Approved by Donald E. Johnston Susan W. Fisher Brian H. Smith tyuQ — Advisor Copyright by Jay Alan Yoder 1991 In loving memory of my Grandfather, Jonas M. Yoder, and to the enduring support and strength of my family. I also dedicate this dissertation to the late Professor George W. Wharton, who inspired my interest in arthropod water balance. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Dr. David L. Denlinger for his patience, guidance and support throughout my graduate work. I sincerely thank Sir Donald E. Johnston, who provided necessary guidance and fatherly advice and who is one of my greatest inspirations. A special thank you is extended to Drs Susan W. Fisher and Dana L. Wrensch for their continual emotional support and friendship, and to Dr. Brian H. Smith for serving on my dissertation committee. I thank Professor Pappachan E. Kolattukudy for allowing me to work in his laboratory and for his help with the hydrocarbon analyses. I also thank all the graduate students on whose friendship I rely heavily, in particular Ty T. Vaughn, L. Denise Boulet, Eric R. Hoffman, Thane Thay, Astri Wayadande, Brian Gilles, Robert G. and Peter W. Hancock-Kovarik, Donald S. S. Yehling, Zhi Ben Chen, various members of the OSU Zoology Department and our own departmental alumni: Drs Maria E. Casanueva and Marvin D. Sigal. I extend sincere appreciation to my fellow lab colleagues: Chen- Ping Chen, Karl H. Joplin, George D. Yocum, Mei Ling Zhang, and a special thank you to D. Courtney Smith, whose advice has strengthed my character on and off the battlefield. I owe many thanks to Dr. Karen J. Ott and Sandy Sieg, who gave me the iii incentive to begin graduate work. Mindy, your unchanging faith me is never forgotten. Lastly, I thank the Department of Entomology for supporting my graduate work. VITAE February 13, 1964, Bom - Dayton, Ohio 1982-1986_______ B.A., B.A., L.A. University of Evansville, Evansville Indiana 19 8 6 -p resen t_____ .Graduate Teaching and Research Assistant, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELD OF STUDY Major field: Entomology (Insect Physiology) TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION_____________ :____________________________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS_______________________________________ iii VITA_________________________________________________________ v LIST OF TABLES______________________________________________ ix LIST OF FIGURES______________________________________________ x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION_____________________________ 1 A. Sarcophaga- A model diapause system_________ 2 B. Endocrinology of diapausing versus nondiapausing pupae of Sarcophaga__________ 3 C Cuticular lipid correlates with insect's water conservation needs____________________ 4 D. Embryonic diapause and water relation ________ 6 E Extatosoma tiaratum, a tropical walking stick possessing two stages of embryonic diapause _________________________ 8 F. The chemical and physical properties of water____________________________________ 1 0 G Water balance and basic parameters ___________ 12 H. Early water balance theory ____________________ 1 4 I. The basic water balance equation and transpiration m_____________________________ 1 5 J. Water gain by water vapor absorption and metabolic water ________________________ 1 6 K Equilibrium water mass and the energetics of mt and ms_____________________ 1 6 L. Phase barrier Ea and critical transition temperature________________________________ 1 8 M. Research objectives ___________________________ 1 9 N. References____________________________________ 2 1 II. WATER BALANCE IN FLESH FLY PUPAE AND WATER VAPOR ABSORPTION ASSOCIATED WITH DIAPAUSE 3 0 A. A bstract 3 0 B. Introduction 3 1 C Materials and Methods 3 2 D. Results 3 7 E Discussion 5 5 F. References 6 1 III. A COMPARISON OF THE WATER BALANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL FLY PUPAE 6 6 A. A bstract 6 6 B. Introduction 6 7 C Materials and Methods 6 8 D. Results 7 0 E Discussion 7 7 F. References 8 1 vii IV. WATER VAPOR UPTAKE BY DIAPAUSING EGGS OF A TROPICAL WALKING STICK 8 3 A. A bstract _______________________________________ 8 3 B. Introduction ___________________________________ 8 4 C Materials and Methods_________________________ 8 5 D. Results ______________________________ „ _________ 8 9 E Discussion _____________________________________ 101 F. References____________________________________ 107 V. PUP ARIA OF DIAPAUSING FLESH FLIES ARE ENHANCED WITH ADDITIONAL HYDROCARBONS 111 A. Abstract ______________________________________ 1 11 B. Introduction 1 1 2 C Materials and Methods________________________ 1 1 3 D. Results ________________________________________ 1 1 9 E Discussion _____________________________________ 1 3 9 F. References____________________________________ 146 VI. EVIDENCE FOR A BRAIN FACTOR THAT STIMULATES SYNTHESIS OF PUPARIAL HYDROCARBONS IN DIAPAUSING FLESH FLIES________________________ 1 5 1 A. Results and Discussion _________________________ 1 5 1 B. References____________________________________ 159 SUMMARY. 161 7. Net transpirational water loss from eggs of E. tiaratum as early embryos at 20°C (A) and at 25°C (B) and as pharate first instar larvae at 25°C (C) 9 5 8. Percent change in weight in response to long term exposure to three hydrating atmospheres at 20°C for early embryonic eggs 9 7 9. Rates of water vapor exchange for eggs of E. tiaratum as early embryos at 20°C (A) and at 25°C (B) and as pharate first instar larvae at 25°C ( C) 9 9 10. Total ion count (TlC)-gas chromatograms (abundance versus carbon number) of hydrocarbons from empty puparia of nondiapausing (A) and diapausing (B) S. crassipalpis. Both groups were reared at 20°C. indicates the C29 alkane unique to diapause _________ 129 11. Mass spectrum (abundance versus mass/charge ratio) of C29 indicates a straight-chain alkane _________________ 1 3 1 12. Formation of CO and alkane from [1-14C], [9,10-3H] octadecanal by the 105,000 x g supernatant and resuspended microsomal pellet.________________________ 133 13. Radio-gas chromatography by the alkane generated from [1-14C], [9,10-3H]octadecanal by the microsomal preparation___________________________ 135 14. Effects of the cofactors, ATP, CoA and NADH on the formation of alkane from octadecanal and octodecanoic acid catalyzed by microsomes of flesh fly pupae_________________________________________ 1 3 7 xi LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1. A comparison of wet weight, percent body water, net transpiration rate, 24 h equilibrium weight, CTT, and Ea below and above the CTT for temperate zone and tropical fly pupae________________________ 2. A comparison of wet weight and weight change (%) at saturation for eggs of six species exhibiting different developmental patterns__________________ 3. Quantities of epicuticular hydrocarbon and other lipids extracted from the surface of S. crassipalpis at different developmental stages_________________________ 1 4. A comparison of net transpiration rate (-kt) at 20°C and quantities of hydrocarbon (pg/empty puparium) for pupae of S. crassipalpis_____________________________ 1 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Total body water pool expressed in mg or % for nondiapausing (A) and diapausing (B) groups of flesh flies (S. crassipalpis) at different stages of development 4 5 2. Net transpiration at 20°C from nondiapausing (A) and diapausing (B) S. crassipalpis pupae into dry air_____________________________________________ 47 3. Percent change in weight in response to long term exposure to hydrating (av 0.85) and dehydrating (av 0.33) atmospheres at 20°C for nondiapausing (A) and diapausing (B) S. crassipalpis pupae 4 9 4.
Recommended publications
  • Soundscape of Urban-Tolerant Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae, Trigonidiidae) in a Tropical Southeast Asia City, Singapore Ming Kai Tan

    Soundscape of Urban-Tolerant Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae, Trigonidiidae) in a Tropical Southeast Asia City, Singapore Ming Kai Tan

    Soundscape of urban-tolerant crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae, Trigonidiidae) in a tropical Southeast Asia city, Singapore Ming Kai Tan To cite this version: Ming Kai Tan. Soundscape of urban-tolerant crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae, Trigonidiidae) in a tropical Southeast Asia city, Singapore. 2020. hal-02946307 HAL Id: hal-02946307 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02946307 Preprint submitted on 23 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Soundscape of urban-tolerant crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae, Trigonidiidae) in a 2 tropical Southeast Asia city, Singapore 3 4 Ming Kai Tan 1 5 6 1 Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire 7 naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; 8 Email: [email protected] 9 10 11 1 12 Abstract 13 14 Urbanisation impact biodiversity tremendously, but a few species can still tolerate the harsh 15 conditions of urban habitats. Studies regarding the impact of urbanisation on the soundscape 16 and acoustic behaviours of sound-producing animals tend to overlook invertebrates, including 17 the crickets. Almost nothing is known about their acoustic community in the urban 18 environment, especially for Southeast Asia where rapid urbanisation is widespread.
  • Insecta: Phasmatodea) and Their Phylogeny

    Insecta: Phasmatodea) and Their Phylogeny

    insects Article Three Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Orestes guangxiensis, Peruphasma schultei, and Phryganistria guangxiensis (Insecta: Phasmatodea) and Their Phylogeny Ke-Ke Xu 1, Qing-Ping Chen 1, Sam Pedro Galilee Ayivi 1 , Jia-Yin Guan 1, Kenneth B. Storey 2, Dan-Na Yu 1,3 and Jia-Yong Zhang 1,3,* 1 College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; [email protected] (K.-K.X.); [email protected] (Q.-P.C.); [email protected] (S.P.G.A.); [email protected] (J.-Y.G.); [email protected] (D.-N.Y.) 2 Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [email protected] 3 Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Simple Summary: Twenty-seven complete mitochondrial genomes of Phasmatodea have been published in the NCBI. To shed light on the intra-ordinal and inter-ordinal relationships among Phas- matodea, more mitochondrial genomes of stick insects are used to explore mitogenome structures and clarify the disputes regarding the phylogenetic relationships among Phasmatodea. We sequence and annotate the first acquired complete mitochondrial genome from the family Pseudophasmati- dae (Peruphasma schultei), the first reported mitochondrial genome from the genus Phryganistria Citation: Xu, K.-K.; Chen, Q.-P.; Ayivi, of Phasmatidae (P. guangxiensis), and the complete mitochondrial genome of Orestes guangxiensis S.P.G.; Guan, J.-Y.; Storey, K.B.; Yu, belonging to the family Heteropterygidae. We analyze the gene composition and the structure D.-N.; Zhang, J.-Y.
  • Stick Insects Fact Sheet

    Stick Insects Fact Sheet

    Stick Insects Fact Sheet Female Titan Stick Insect. Image: QM, Jeff Wright. Introduction Biology Stick and leaf insects, scientifically known as phasmids, Females lay eggs one at a time, often with a flick of their are among the largest of all insects in the world. At 26 cm, abdomens to throw the egg some distance. An individual the Titan Stick Insect (Acrophylla titan) is the longest of female drops eggs at a rate of one to several per day and all Australian insects. Phasmids have perfected the art of she can produce between 100 and 1,300 eggs in her life- camouflage. Some resemble sticks and foliage so closely time. They fall to the ground and lie in the leaf litter. they even feature false buds, thorns and ragged leaf-like flanges. Small wonder they are rarely seen except after storms when they are blown out of threes and shrubs. Phasmids are sometimes confused with a different group of insects, the mantids. Also called Praying Mantids, these are predators with large, spiny front legs, held folded ready to strike and grasp prey. In contrast, Phasmids are herbivores (plant-eaters) with simple front legs that are similar in size and structure to their other legs. A variety of insect eggs. (on left). An ant carrying a stick insect egg (on right). Images: QM, Jeff Wright. All stick insects feed on fresh leaves. Some browse on a wide variety of trees and shrubs but others are fussy, eating only a limited range of host plants that are often closely Stick insect eggs are generally oval, and superficially seed- related to each other.
  • Duration of Development and Number of Nymphal Instars Are Differentially Regulated by Photoperiod in the Cricketmodicogryllus Siamensis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

    Duration of Development and Number of Nymphal Instars Are Differentially Regulated by Photoperiod in the Cricketmodicogryllus Siamensis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

    Eur. J.Entomol. 100: 275-281, 2003 ISSN 1210-5759 Duration of development and number of nymphal instars are differentially regulated by photoperiod in the cricketModicogryllus siamensis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) No r ic h ik a TANIGUCHI and Ke n ji TOMIOKA* Department ofPhysics, Biology and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University 753-8512, Japan Key words. Photoperiod, nymphal development, cricket,Modicogryllus siamensis Abstract. The effect of photoperiod on nymphal development in the cricketModicogryllus siamensis was studied. In constant long- days with 16 hr light at 25°C, nymphs matured within 40 days undergoing 7 moults, while in constant short-days with 12 hr light, 12~23 weeks and 11 or more moults were necessary for nymphal development. When nymphs were transferred from long to short day conditions in the 2nd instar, both the number of nymphal instars and the nymphal duration increased. However, only the nym­ phal duration increased when transferred to short day conditions in the 3rd instar or later. When the reciprocal transfer was made, the accelerating effect of long-days was less pronounced. The earlier the transfer was made, the fewer the nymphal instars and the shorter the nymphal duration. The decelerating effect of short-days or accelerating effect of long-days on nymphal development varied depending on instar. These results suggest that the photoperiod differentially controls the number of nymphal instars and the duration of each instar, and that the stage most important for the photoperiodic response is the 2nd instar. INTRODUCTION reversed (Masaki & Sugahara, 1992). However, the Most insects in temperate zones have life cycles highlymechanism by which photoperiod controls the nymphal adapted to seasonal change.
  • Phasmida (Stick and Leaf Insects)

    Phasmida (Stick and Leaf Insects)

    ● Phasmida (Stick and leaf insects) Class Insecta Order Phasmida Number of families 8 Photo: A leaf insect (Phyllium bioculatum) in Japan. (Photo by ©Ron Austing/Photo Researchers, Inc. Reproduced by permission.) Evolution and systematics Anareolatae. The Timematodea has only one family, the The oldest fossil specimens of Phasmida date to the Tri- Timematidae (1 genus, 21 species). These small stick insects assic period—as long ago as 225 million years. Relatively few are not typical phasmids, having the ability to jump, unlike fossil species have been found, and they include doubtful almost all other species in the order. It is questionable whether records. Occasionally a puzzle to entomologists, the Phasmida they are indeed phasmids, and phylogenetic research is not (whose name derives from a Greek word meaning “appari- conclusive. Studies relating to phylogeny are scarce and lim- tion”) comprise stick and leaf insects, generally accepted as ited in scope. The eggs of each phasmid are distinctive and orthopteroid insects. Other alternatives have been proposed, are important in classification of these insects. however. There are about 3,000 species of phasmids, although in this understudied order this number probably includes about 30% as yet unidentified synonyms (repeated descrip- Physical characteristics tions). Numerous species still await formal description. Stick insects range in length from Timema cristinae at 0.46 in (11.6 mm) to Phobaeticus kirbyi at 12.9 in (328 mm), or 21.5 Extant species usually are divided into eight families, in (546 mm) with legs outstretched. Numerous phasmid “gi- though some researchers cite just two, based on a reluctance ants” easily rank as the world’s longest insects.
  • Stick Insects Feed on Common Garden Leaves, Like Eucalyptus (Gum) and Only Require a Quick Mist with Water Daily

    Stick Insects Feed on Common Garden Leaves, Like Eucalyptus (Gum) and Only Require a Quick Mist with Water Daily

    Care Sheet Easily Handled Absolutely harmless, but delicate. Quite at home crawling on their new owners, gently exploring Great First Pets Stick Insects feed on common garden leaves, like Eucalyptus (gum) and only require a quick mist with water daily between 16degC to 28degC. Avoid direct sunlight as this can become too hot, also avoid draughty locations. Do not use Stick Insect insecticide or other chemicals anywhere near your insect. Crowned - Onchestus Rentzi You should clean your enclosure on a regular basis, checking Goliath - Eurycnema goliath for eggs if you wish to keep them. Spiny Leaf - Extatosoma tiaratum (pictured) Feeding/ Diet Strong - Anchiale briareus Stick Insect eat any types of Eucalypt (Gum) leaves and Titan - Acrophylla titan Acadia (Wattle) species. Small braches with fresh clean leaves should be placed in your enclosure in a container of General Information water. Your stick insect can drown so it is best to have a lid Stick Insects hatch from a small egg and grow by undergoing on the container and have small holes for the branches to be put through. Check that your insects are eating; look to see if a series of moults (shedding their outer skeleton) and moults the leaves are being eaten and if there are droppings in your into an adult at about 6 months of age. Stick Insects generally enclosure. If the aren't eating, try a different type of eucalypt. live from eight to eighteen months. This age variation is due Braches should be changed once or twice a week or as soon to many factors, including species type, temperature and sex as they start drying out.
  • Orthopteran Communities in the Conifer-Broadleaved Woodland Zone of the Russian Far East

    Orthopteran Communities in the Conifer-Broadleaved Woodland Zone of the Russian Far East

    Eur. J. Entomol. 105: 673–680, 2008 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1384 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Orthopteran communities in the conifer-broadleaved woodland zone of the Russian Far East THOMAS FARTMANN, MARTIN BEHRENS and HOLGER LORITZ* University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Department of Community Ecology, Robert-Koch-Str. 26, D-48149 Münster, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Orthoptera, cricket, grasshopper, community ecology, disturbance, grassland, woodland zone, Lazovsky Reserve, Russian Far East, habitat heterogeneity, habitat specifity, Palaearctic Abstract. We investigate orthopteran communities in the natural landscape of the Russian Far East and compare the habitat require- ments of the species with those of the same or closely related species found in the largely agricultural landscape of central Europe. The study area is the 1,200 km2 Lazovsky State Nature Reserve (Primorsky region, southern Russian Far East) 200 km east of Vladi- vostok in the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin Mountains (134°E/43°N). The abundance of Orthoptera was recorded in August and September 2001 based on the number present in 20 randomly placed 1 m² quadrates per site. For each plot (i) the number of species of Orthoptera, (ii) absolute species abundance and (iii) fifteen environmental parameters characterising habitat structure and micro- climate were recorded. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used first to determine whether the Orthoptera occur in ecol- ogically coherent groups, and second, to assess their association with habitat characteristics. In addition, the number of species and individuals in natural and semi-natural habitats were compared using a t test.
  • Phylogeny of Ensifera (Hexapoda: Orthoptera) Using Three Ribosomal Loci, with Implications for the Evolution of Acoustic Communication

    Phylogeny of Ensifera (Hexapoda: Orthoptera) Using Three Ribosomal Loci, with Implications for the Evolution of Acoustic Communication

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 (2006) 510–530 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny of Ensifera (Hexapoda: Orthoptera) using three ribosomal loci, with implications for the evolution of acoustic communication M.C. Jost a,*, K.L. Shaw b a Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, USA b Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Received 9 May 2005; revised 27 September 2005; accepted 4 October 2005 Available online 16 November 2005 Abstract Representatives of the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera (crickets, katydids, and related insects) are well known for acoustic signals pro- duced in the contexts of courtship and mate recognition. We present a phylogenetic estimate of Ensifera for a sample of 51 taxonomically diverse exemplars, using sequences from 18S, 28S, and 16S rRNA. The results support a monophyletic Ensifera, monophyly of most ensiferan families, and the superfamily Gryllacridoidea which would include Stenopelmatidae, Anostostomatidae, Gryllacrididae, and Lezina. Schizodactylidae was recovered as the sister lineage to Grylloidea, and both Rhaphidophoridae and Tettigoniidae were found to be more closely related to Grylloidea than has been suggested by prior studies. The ambidextrously stridulating haglid Cyphoderris was found to be basal (or sister) to a clade that contains both Grylloidea and Tettigoniidae. Tree comparison tests with the concatenated molecular data found our phylogeny to be significantly better at explaining our data than three recent phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphological characters. A high degree of conflict exists between the molecular and morphological data, possibly indicating that much homoplasy is present in Ensifera, particularly in acoustic structures. In contrast to prior evolutionary hypotheses based on most parsi- monious ancestral state reconstructions, we propose that tegminal stridulation and tibial tympana are ancestral to Ensifera and were lost multiple times, especially within the Gryllidae.
  • The Biology of the Three Species of Phasmatids (Phasmatodea) Which Occur in Plague Numbers in Forests of Southeastern Australia K

    The Biology of the Three Species of Phasmatids (Phasmatodea) Which Occur in Plague Numbers in Forests of Southeastern Australia K

    This document has been scanned from hard-copy archives for research and study purposes. Please note not all information may be current. We have tried, in preparing this copy, to make the content accessible to the widest possible audience but in some cases we recognise that the automatic text recognition maybe inadequate and we apologise in advance for any inconvenience this may cause. sL.df /0 fl.u I /4r~ / FORESTRY COMMISSION OF N.S.W. DIVISION OF FOREST MANAGEMENT RESEARCH NOTE No. 20 Published January, 1967 THE BIOLOGY OF THE THREE SPECIES OF PHASMATIDS (PHASMATODEA) WmCH OCCUR IN PLAGUE NUMBERS IN FORESTS OF SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA AUTHORS K. G. CAMPBELL, D.F.C., B.Se.(For.), Dip.For., M.Se. and P. HADLINGTON, B.Se.Agr. G771 ~- Issued under the authority of -J The Hon. J. G. Beale, M.E., M.L.A., Minister for Conservation, New South Wales THE BIOLOGY OF THE THREE SPECIES OF PHASMATIDS (PHASMATODEA) WHICH OCCUR IN PLAGUE NUMBERS IN FORESTS OF SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA K. G. CAMPBELL AND P. HADLINGTON FORESTRY COMMISSION OF N.S.W. INTRODUCTION Most species of the Phasmatodea usually occur in low numbers, but some species have occurred in plagues and in such instances serious defoliation of trees has resulted. Plagues have been recorded from the D.S.A. by Craighead (1950), from Fiji by O'Connor (1949) and from the highland areas of southeastern Australia by various workers. The species involved in the defoliation of the eucalypt forests of southeastern Australia are Podacanthus wilkinsoni Mac!., Didymuria violescens (Leach) and Ctenomorphodes tessulatus (Gray).
  • Insects, Extatosoma Tiaratum (Macleay, 1826) by David S

    Insects, Extatosoma Tiaratum (Macleay, 1826) by David S

    The Phasmid Study Group JUNE 2013 NEWSLETTER No 130 ISSN 0268-3806 Extatosoma tiaratum © Paul Brock See Page 11. INDEX Page Content Page Content 2. The Colour Page 9. Phasmid Books – Gray 1833 3. Editorial 10. My Little Friends 3. PSG Membership Details 11. PSG Winter Meeting 19.1.13 3. The PSG Committee 12. Sticks go to School 4. PSG Website Update 13. Development of Phasmid Species List Part 5 4. Contributions to the Newsletter 15. A New Leaf Insect Rearer’s Book 4. Diary Dates 16. X-Bugs 5. PSG Summer Meeting Agenda 16. Dad! It’s Raining Stick Insects 6. PSG Summer Meeting 17. BIAZA Big Bug Bonanza 6. Livestock Report 17. Stick Talk 7. PSG Merchandise Update 18. Holiday to Colombia 7. Newsletter Survey Results 19. Questions 8. National Insect Week @ Bristol Zoo Gardens 20. Macleay’s Spectre It is to be directly understood that all views, opinions or theories, expressed in the pages of "The Newsletter“ are those of the author(s) concerned. All announcements of meetings, and requests for help or information, are accepted as bona fide. Neither the Editor, nor Officers of "The Phasmid Study Group", can be held responsible for any loss, embarrassment or injury that might be sustained by reliance thereon. THE COLOUR PAGE! Acrophylla titan female. Picture on left, becomes picture on right. Unknown species. See page 18. See page 9. Ctenomorpha Acanthoxyla spp, brown version. See page 8. Acanthoxyla spp, green version. See page 8. marginipennis. See page 10. Pictures on the left are from when Sir David Attenborough went to Bristol Zoo Gardens on 21st May 2013 to film for his “Natural Curiosities” series, where he focused on butterflies (regarding metamorphosis) with a short piece on parthenogenesis – hence the Phyllium giganteum he is holding in the photo.
  • Mitochondrial Simple Sequence Repeats and 12S-Rrna Gene Reveal Two Distinct Lineages of Crocidura Russula (Mammalia, Soricidae)

    Mitochondrial Simple Sequence Repeats and 12S-Rrna Gene Reveal Two Distinct Lineages of Crocidura Russula (Mammalia, Soricidae)

    Heredity (2004) 92, 527–533 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0018-067X/04 $30.00 www.nature.com/hdy Mitochondrial simple sequence repeats and 12S-rRNA gene reveal two distinct lineages of Crocidura russula (Mammalia, Soricidae) S Lo Brutto1, M Arculeo1 and M Sara`1 1Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Universita` di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo 90123, Italia A short segment (135 bp) of the control region and a partial conserved 12S-rRNA gene, separated the two sister groups; it sequence (394 bp) of the 12S-rRNA gene in the mitochondrial permitted us to date a divergence time of 0.5 Myr. Our data DNA of Crocidura russula were analyzed in order to test a discriminated two different mitochondrial lineages in accor- previous hypothesis regarding the presence of a gene flow dance with the previous morphological and karyological data. disruption in northern Africa. This breakpoint would have Ecoclimatic barriers formed during the Middle Pleistocene separated northeast-African C. russula populations from broke the range of ancestral species in the Eastern Algeria the European (plus the northwest-African) populations. The (Kabile Mountains), leading to two genetically separate and analysis was carried out on specimens from Tunisia (C. r.cf modern lineages. The northeast-African lineage can today be agilis), Sardinia (C. r. ichnusae), and Pantelleria (C. r. located in Tunisia, Pantelleria, and Sardinia. The northwest- cossyrensis), and on C. r. russula from Spain and Belgium. African lineage (Morocco and West Algeria), reaching Spain Two C. russula lineages were identified; they both shared R2 by anthropogenic introduction, spread over north Europe in tandem repeated motifs of the same length (12 bp), but not the modern times.
  • Phasma Gigas from New Ireland Mark Bushell

    Phasma Gigas from New Ireland Mark Bushell

    ISSN 0966-0011 PHASMID STUDIES. volume 8, numbers 1 & 2. December 1999. Editor: P.E. Bragg. Published by the Phasmid Study Group. Phasmid Studies ISSN 0966-0011 volume 8, numbers 1 & 2. Contents Studies of the genus Phalces Stal Paul D. Brock . 1 Redescription of Mantis filiformes Fabricius (Phasmatidae: Bacteriinae) Paul D. Brock . 9 Phasmida in Oceania Allan Harman . 13 A Report on a Culture of Phasma gigas from New Ireland Mark Bushell . 20 Reviews and Abstracts Phasmid Abstracts 25 Cover illustration: Female Spinodares jenningsi Bragg, drawing by P.E. Bragg. Studies of the genus Phalces Stal Paul D. Brock, "Papillon", 40 Thorndike Road, Slough SU ISR, UK. Abstract Phalces tuberculatus sp.n. is described from Eland's Bay, Cape Province, South Africa. A key is given to distinguish the Phalces species. Brief notes are given on behaviour, foodplants, and culture notes in the case of P. longiscaphus (de Haan). Key words: Phasmida, Phalces, Phalcestuberculatus sp.n, Introduction As part of my studies on South African stick-insects, I visited Cape Town in September 1998. My research included an examination of the entomology collection at the South African Museum in Cape Town, in addition to material of Phalces species in various museums, observing P. longiscaphus in the wild and rearing this species in captivity. The observations include the description of Phalces tuberculatus sp.n. and a key to distinguish the three Phalces species (of which a Madagascan insect is unlikely to belong to this genus). Museum codens are given below: BMNH Natural History Museum, London, U.K. NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria.