on theCommonForeign andSecurityPolicy. on theCommonForeign andSecurityPolicy. esv tete. n h faeok f h Tet of Treaty the of framework the In treaties. cessive suc- the in apart set somewhat was that institution an been always has Council European the Nice, of the From T are likewiseconsiderable. Committee Social and Economic the and Regions extended. The modifications of the Committee of the broadly been have immigration and asylum visas, on jurisdiction theCourt’s because only if significant, be will Lisbon of Treaty the of impact the instance, for Union, European the of Justice of Court the to the main political institutions, but clearly, with regard to ourselves limit will We relations. Mediterranean - affecting changes main the examine will we relations on the whole and on different levels. Below Euro-Mediterranean affect naturally changes These European External Action Service (EEAS). sionsand the establishment of such structures as the provi-treatyeffectiveimplementationthethe withof balancesand inter-institutional relations are emerging tiresystemeffect,has,in beenrestructured newand particularly significant on the institutional level. The en- areLisbonTreaty theofchangesintroduced Theby University ofGhentandCollegeEurope, Bruges Professor ofEuropeanLaw Erwan Lannon Relations Euro-Mediterranean Lisbon:of for Implications TheNew the of Architecture Treaty The LisbonTreaty andEuromedRelations 4 3 2 1 Institution witha Article 22 § 1 of the Treaty on (TEU) / Title V: General Provisions on the Union’s External Action Service and Specific Provisions Article 22 § 1 of the (TEU) / Title V: General Provisions on the Union’s External Action Service and Specific Provisions Article 15§1oftheTreaty onEuropeanUnion(TEU)/Title III: ProvisionsontheInstitutions. Article 15§2oftheTreaty onEuropeanUnion(TEU)/Title III: ProvisionsontheInstitutions. he EuropeanCouncil: in 1986 to the Treatythe to 1986 in Act European Single N ew President A Full-Fledged the 1972 Summit of Heads of State in Paris, which Paris, in State of Heads of Summit 1972 the instance, for Recall, relations. Euro-Mediterranean to impetus lent regularly has Council European The lative functions.” lative legis- exercise not “shall Council European the that and priorities thereof.” Moreover, it is explicitly stated ment and shall define the general political directions develop- its for impetus necessary the “with (EU) The provides the European Union mendation fromtheCouncil” recom- a on unanimously act “shall Council pean Euro- the that rule general the that is problem The Union.” the of action external the of areas other to relate to the common foreign and security policy and “shall which Union” the of objectives and interests ion.” tify “the strategic interests and objectives of the Un- take partinitswork.” shall Policy Security and Affairs Foreign for Union the of Representative High “the whereas mission,” Com- the of President the and President its with er of Heads “the State or Government of the Member States, togeth- of consists thenceforth It tutions. cluded in Article 13 § 1 alongside the other EU insti- in- is Council European the Lisbon, Treatyof the In Institution The European Council Has Become a Full-Fledged cle oftheTreaty ontheEuropeanUnion(Article4). arti- specific a of object the was it institutions; nity’s European Community and enumerating the Commu- Nice, it did not appear under Article 7, instituting the 3 It can thus make “decisions [...] on the strategic 2 The European Council must iden- must Council European The 1 4 remainsvalid.

37 Med.2011 Keys 38 Med.2011 Keys 47/10, www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/fr/ec/113201.pdf aspx?lang=en her] [or his competences “at specific from benefits 7 6 5 Council.” European the in “endeavour to facilitate cohesion and consensus with- EuropeanCouncil plays keya role, ashe or she must and a half years, renewable once,” the Presidenttwo ofof termthe aEuropean Council“forthe Elected by A “Permanent” EuropeanCouncilPresident who mustplaytheroleoffacilitatorinnegotiations. Council, European the of President de- the on thus pends deal great A denominator. common est low- the for settle to have often will we Indeed, tion. objectives”“strategic its of regula- consensus the is gion one of the EU’s policy “priorities” as well as one terranean relations and make the Mediterranean Re- Euro-Medi- “impetus”to renewed lend to challenge the Libyan crisis, or those of in Tunisia. of The main proximity the to regard with and of interests the Consider consensus. of absence the to due partially is reactions of sluggishness the TunisiaEgypt, Libya, and in ones the as such crises of face the In ambitions. initial the limit may which regulation, consensus the in resides obstacle The Council isclearlystrengthened. European the of weight political thus and visibility Both on the internal and external levels, the months. prestige, six every change not does that President a of presence the by strengthened be will this and political authority of the EU” will become more visible tutions means that what can be called “the supreme insti- EU other the alongside inclusion Its (ENP). cy Poli- Neighbourhood European the launched which Copenhagen European Council of December 2002, Partnership the or Process, Barcelona the therefore Euro-Mediterranean and (EMP) the of lishment estab- the marked which 1995), (June Cannes and 1994) (December Essen of Councils European the (GMP), Policy Mediterranean Global the launched 9 8 General AffairsCouncil;[...]” the of work the of basis the on and Commission, the of President the with cooperation in Council European the of work the of continuity and tion January 2011,PCE 020/11,www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/118993.pdf 29 Egypt”,Brussels, in Situation the on Council, 027/11, European the of VanRompuy,President Herman by PCE “Statement the as well as 2011, ec/119143.pdf, February 4 Council, European ,” the and Egypt 048/11, PCE 2011, February 23 Cf. “Statement by Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council, on the developments in the EU’s Southern neighbourhood”, Prague, According to Article 15 § 6 of the TEU, the President of the European Council “shall chair it and drive forward its work; shall ensure the prepara- Article 15§6oftheTEU. See the remarks by Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council, at the EU-Morocco Summit in Granada on 7 March 2010, PCE 2010, March 7 on Granada in Summit EU-Morocco the at Council, European the of VanRompuy,President Herman by remarks the See e te rsdn o te uoen oni’ website, Council’s European the of President the See 5 Se lo “elrto on “Declaration also: See www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/119450.pdf. h Peiet likewise President The www.european-council.europa.eu/the-president/summits-with-third-countries. ries of statements, se- a through involved been has he Region, ranean Mediter- the in crises recent the of onset the Since forum. this in exercise to Rompuy Von Mr. allowed not has Mediterranean the for Summit EU second nean summits, but the play a role at the level of multilateral Euro-Mediterra- also must Council European the of President The cerned inthefuture. con- be will Countries Partner Mediterranean other that, with the negotiation of new advanced statuses, UMrco umt te atr ed n March 7 2010, on held latter the Summit, EU-Morocco the or the Summit States EU-United be the G8, the they , whether levels, external and internal Mr. Van Rompuy participates in summits, both on the far ad xenl eain Cucl (GAERC) was splitintotwodifferentcouncils: Council Relations External and Affairs General former the that recall should we all, of First the Council A RestructuringofConfigurationswithin merous newprovisionsintheTreaty ofLisbon. The Council R R T most importantrole,thatof“consensus pean Council itself where the President can play the of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.” out prejudice to the powers of the High Representative CommonForeignSecurity and Policy (CFSP),“with- its concerning issues on EU the ofrepresentation capacity,”that“in externalernment) andensuresthe level” (that is, on the level of Heads of State and Gov- he CouncilofMinisters:Configurations, epresentative otating PresidenciesandtheHigh www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ 7 to give but a few examples. of Ministers is likewise the object of nu- 9 but it is certainly within the Euro- sine die postponement of the 8 It must be noted

facilitator.” 6 president. “permanent” new its by filled be shall Euro- Council pean the of presidency the whereas institutions, other for valid remains months” 18 of period a for of States groups Member three “by pre-established 13 12 11 10 High The Ashton. Catherine of leadership the under Council, Affairs Foreign the of framework the within so done are Region ofconclusions Mediterranean the on adopted majority the great fact, In nificant. ings dealing with Euro-Mediterranean matters is sig- meet- intergovernmental of level the on impact The configuration. fairs the to af- foreign way the as insofar Ashton gives Ms. of presidency Council the of presidency ing of in the rotat- charge is the country that ing system preced- the and this between difference major The Belgian institutions. the of aware fully President Council European a on sence of a new federal government, was able to rely ab- the despite however, Presidency, Belgian The another. to system one from transition of situation difficult the in themselves found presidencies gian Bel- and Spanish The issues. Euro-Mediterranean for important is presidencies new the of matter The of Ministers The NewRotatingPresidencyoftheCouncil • • 18 17 16 15 14 January 2007determiningtheorderin whichtheofficeofPresidentCouncilshallbeheld,OJ L1,04/01/2007,p.1-11. European Union,Brussels,3March2011, A083/11. March, 10 Thursday, on held be to breakfast working a of form the in Council Affairs Foreign the of session extraordinary informal an convened

Article 18§2and §4oftheTreaty onEuropean Union/TitleIII. Articles 18§2and 27§1oftheTreaty on EuropeanUnion/TitlesIII&V. Articles 18§3and 27§1oftheTreaty on EuropeanUnion/TitlesIII&V. Article 18§4oftheTreaty ontheEuropeanUnion. Article 16§9oftheTreaty onEuropeanUnion(TEU)/TitleIII:ProvisionstheInstitutions. Article 18§3oftheTreaty onEuropeanUnion(TEU)/TitleIII:ProvisionstheInstitutions. Article 16§6oftheTreaty onEuropeanUnion(TEU)/TitleIII:ProvisionstheInstitutions. Catherine Ashton, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the , European the of Vice-President and Policy Security and Affairs Foreign for Union the of Representative High Ashton, Catherine Article 236 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. See also Council Decision 2007/5/EC, Euratom: Council Decision of 1 of Decision Council Euratom: 2007/5/EC, Decision Council also See Union. European the of Functioning the Treatyon the of 236 Article Representative. consistent.” is action Union’s the that ensure and Council European the by down laid guidelines strategic of basis the on action external Union’s the rate Affairs Foreign the European the Council andtheCommission”; of President the with liaison in Council, European the the of meetings to follow-up and ensure “prepare and configurations” in consistency “ensure shall which Council, Affairs General the 13 10 The latter is chaired by the High the by chaired is latter The 12 the work of the different Council different the of work the 11 The system of equal rotation rotation equal of system The Council, which shall “elabo- shall which Council, pects of the Union’s external action” external Union’s the of pects as- other “coordinating of level the on and in general level relations” “external the on responsibilities has Ashton Ms. Commission, European the Within action.” must “ensure the consistency of the Union’s external This coordination function is certainly essential and essential certainly is function coordination This et f h Erpa Commission, European the of dent Vice-Presi- the likewise is Representative High The Füle. Stefan Enlargement: in and ENP commissioner the of a charge currently still is There (ENP). Policy Neighbourhood European and Relations nal Exter- for rero-WaldnerCommissioner European as and those held formerly by Benita Fer- the Council), the exception of the position of Secretary General of (with Solana Javier Representative, High former the bines a number of former functions, namely, those of Policycom- Security actually and Affairs Foreign for The function of the High Representative of the Union Affairs andSecurityPolicy The HighRepresentativeoftheUnionforForeign and chairs the Foreign Affairs formation of the the of formation Affairs Council. Foreign the chairs and presidencies rotating former the of Ministers Affairs Foreign of the role the over takes Ashton Ms. dition, ad- In matters. external of charge in commissioners in She is to the thus called Commission. work with the aspects relations foreign coordinates and VP), (HR/ Representative/Vice-President” “High of title “proposals to the development of that policy,”that of development the to “proposals her by contributes CFSP, the conducts sentative Repre- High the Lisbon, Treatyof the to According be to out. carried tasks the of broadness the and complexity neighbours tothesouth. EU’s the and crisis Libyan the of issue the discuss to 2011 March 10 for Council Affairs Foreign the of meeting informal an convened thus Representative 16 Thus, there is no denying the position’s position’s the denying no is there Thus, 14 15 18 whence the the whence in particular. in 17 and

39 Med.2011 Keys 40 Med.2011 Keys the High Representative, High the by speech a of object the was that aspect an flicts, portance of political dialogue in the Middle East con- sofar astheQuartet. in- role Representative’s High the with along sized, of 03/08/2010,p.30-40. 2011, A069/11,www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/119459.pdf &aged=0&language=en&guiLanguage=en direct talks,” IP/10/1208, Brussels, 29 September 2010, cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/116277.pdf. See also: “EU High Representative/Vice-President Ashton to visit the Middle East in support of 173/10, A 2010, September 3 Brussels, talks,” peace East Middle of launch the of outcome the on Ashton www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/119144.pdf as well as: “Statement by the spokesperson of HR Catherine silium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/119320.pdf 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 thus is Representative the High the particular, in of CFSP and In general in relations. relations external Euro-Mediterranean of charge in play to role preponderant a has thus Representative High The conferences.” international at and sations organi- international in position Union’s the express “shall and behalf” Union’s the on parties third with dialogue “political CFSP,conducts the from arising issues on Union European the represents sentative Repre- High the sphere, intergovernmental the In EU’s different external policies is thus at the convergence of the particular, the High Representative in general and of the CFSP in In charge of external relations in Euro-Mediterranean relations. has a preponderant role to play The High Representative thus the EU’sexternalactiononwhole. of consistency greater of goal the to corresponds 31 30 29 28 27 26 http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/11/101&format=HTML&aged=0&language=en&guiLanguage=en europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/119445.pdf Cairo, 15March2010,EuropeanUnion,A36/10,www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/113352.pdf ropa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/11/93&format=HTML&aged=0&language=en&guiLanguage=en Cf. “EU High Representative Catherine Ashton chairs Middle East Quartet Ministerial meeting in Munich,” Brussels, 4 February 2011, A 044/11, “Remarks by the High Representative/ Vice President Catherine Ashton at the end of her visit to Tunisia,” 14 February 2011 SPEECH/11/101, Article 1§4ofCouncil Decision2010/427. Article 1§3ofCouncil Decision2010/427. Article 1§2ofCouncil Decision2010/427. Article 27§3oftheTreaty onEuropeanUnion/TitleV. Article 27§2oftheTreaty onEuropeanUnion/TitleV. “Remarks by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton at the end of her visit to Lebanon,”055/11, to A visit 2011, her February of 16 end Brussels, the at Ashton Catherine Representative High EU by “Remarks Council Decision 2010/427 of 26 July 2010 establishing the organisation and functioning of the European External Action Service, OJ L 201 OJL Service, Action External European the of functioning and organisation the establishing 2010 July 26 of 2010/427 Decision Council “Remarks by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton at the end of her visit to Egypt,” Cairo, 22 February 2011 A 067/11, A 2011 February 22 Egypt,”Cairo, to visit her of end the at Ashton Catherine Representative High EU by “Remarks “Remarks by the EU High Representative Catherine Ashton during her visit in Jordan,” MEMO/11/93, Brussels, 16 February 2011, February 16 Brussels, Jordan,”MEMO/11/93, in visit her during Ashton Catherine Representative High EU the by “Remarks Cf. “Remarks by the EU High Representative Catherine Ashton at the Senior officials’ meeting on Egypt and Tunisia,” Brussels, 23 February Tunisia,”23 and Brussels, Egypt on officials’meeting Senior the at Ashton Catherine Representative High EU the by “Remarks Cf. Cf. Speech by HR Catherine Ashton at the League of Arab States: “A Commitment to Peace – the European Union and the Middle East,” Middle the and Union European the – Peace to Commitment “A States: Arab of League the at Ashton Catherine HR by Speech Cf. 21 20 should also be empha- be also should 19 http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/10/1208&format=HTML The im- The sia alse te raiain n fntoig f this new Europeanbody. of functioning and organisation the tablished es- that 2010 July 26 of Decision Council the was in conducting the CFSP and the Common Security Common the and CFSP the conducting in Representative High the assists EEAS reality,the In objectives.” its attain and tasks its perform to necessary pacity ca- legal “the has It Union.” European the of body Specifically, the EEAS is “a functionally autonomous aey o Egypt to namely sentative, countries andtointernationalorganisations.” third to Delegations Union the of and ministration matic services of the Member States personnel.” diplo- national from seconded staff as well as sion Commis- the of and Council the of Secretariat eral Gen- the of departments relevant from “officials by comprised is Service Action External European The The EuropeanExternalActionService ternal relationssystem. ex- EU new the of heart the at institution hybrid truly a (EEAS), Service Action External European new the of effectiveness the on depend will deal great h Mdtraen stage. Mediterranean the on Representative High the of presence increased an by marked was 2011 of external beginning The policies. different EU’s the of convergence the at 26 rm 4 o 2 eray 01 O cus, a course, Of 2011. February 22 to 14 from 30 the EEAS is “made up of a central ad- central a of up “made is EEAS the 29 Under the authority of the High Repre- 23 Lebanon , 28 www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/ 22 s Aho travelled Ashton Ms. 24 Jordan , 25 www.consilium. n Tuni- and www.con- 31 http://eu- 27 It sion 2010/427). sion 2010/427). will simultaneously provide a copy thereof to the Head of Delegation and to the EEAS central administration” (Preamble, Point 13 of Council Deci- it delegations, to instructions issue will Commission the when that particular in provide should These delegations. to Commission the from tions ticle 1 § 4 of The Council “Commission Decision and 2010/427). the EEAS will agree on detailed arrangements relating to the issuing of instruc- no ietrtsGnrl (DGs). Directorates-General into organized administration central a has EEAS The sphere ofexternalrelations. the in Commission European the of Vice-President as responsibilities her to relation with and Council Affairs Foreign the in (CSDP), Policy Defence and Source: EEAS,http://eeas.europa.eu/background/docs/eeas_organisation_en.pdf,March2011. 34 33 32 ii. i. regions, with aquiteclassicalbreakdown: following the cover bureaus Various geographic Region. Mediterranean the interests larly particu- Iraq and Iran Peninsula, Arabian the East, Middle the Africa, North includes that Directorate A Officer andtwoSecretaries-General. Operating Chief a Secretary-General, Executive an by assisted is who Ashton, Ms. is administration the CHART 1

See Article4andfollowingofCouncil Decision2010/427. See Article2§1andfollowingofCouncil Decision2010/427. “The EEAS shall be made up of a central administration and of the Union Delegations to third countries and to international organisations”international to and countries third to Delegations Union the (Ar- of and administration central a of up made be shall EEAS “The The ArabianPeninsula,IranandIraq; The MiddleEast; Western Balkans Western Europe Western Balkans Turkey Advisor Western Europe, Jonsson Grippa Vacant & Turkey Vacant O COEST D.Johns(interim), rganization ChartoftheEuropeanExternal COWEB A.Everard, COSCE T.Béchet MD toEurope& Central Asia M. Lajcák 32 Reg. Coop.&OSCE Eastern Partnership, Eastern Partnership Russia, EasternPartnership, Central Asia Maldonado C. Asia,Reg.Coop. Bilateral Grippa Vacant Russia 33 Kjaer t h ha of head the At Wiegand & OSCE A ction Service words, all Mediterranean delegations, which are are which delegations, Mediterranean all other words, In EEAS. the of part integral of an Treaty are the Lisbon, of effect into entry the since (UDs) delegations” “Union now delegations, Commission European the that mind in kept be must it Finally, in chart above). 1 Chart organization the (cf. such as ENP the of part not is which but (ENPI) Instrument Partnership and Neighbourhood European the of benefits the iii. Eastern partnership and the European Union’s Union’s European the east and partnership Eastern the covering one the with Directorate this connect The iv. Coordination II Coordination I

Majorenko Rourke matic bureaus specializing in ENP coordination coordination ENP in specializing bureaus matic The Maghreb. nean policies; and Euromed Regional ­ern ENP ENP neighbours, including Russia, which enjoys enjoys which Russia, including neighbours, MD toNorthAfrica,MiddleEast, Arabian Península,Iran&Iraq North Africa,MiddleEast, MAMA J.GattRutter, M. Bozovic,MOGS. Arabian Peninsula, Arabian Península, Regional Policies, Euromed, UfM H. Mingarelli Middle East Iran &Iraq Iran &Iraq Maghreb Llombart Uusitalo Gabrici Vacant Kisling Fanti Union for the Mediterra- the for Union

41 Med.2011 Keys 42 Med.2011 Keys uoen oni ad h Hg Rpeettv / Vice-President oftheCommission. Representative High the and Council European the of President the Commission, European the of President the between themselves find to partners ternal perspective. Indeed, it is difficult for certain EU ex- the from considered when simple so not is This representation.” external Union’s the “ensure to is cases, other certain and CFSP the of exception the with Commission, the that is problems the of One of the“RELEXFamily” The EuropeanCommissionandReorganization should considered. be that reorganization overall the rather is It thus policy. neighbourhood to relating matters Füle on Commissioner with Ashton contact Ms. regular subtle, in being relatively be will it that clear is it case, any In future. the in change this of pact im- the examine to interesting be will it but praisal ap- an make to early too still is It Policy. bourhood in Neigh- European and thenceforth enlargement both of is charge Füle Stefan Commissioner portfo- lio. ENP the i.e., portfolio, Ferrero-Waldner’s Ms. of part and portfolio “enlargement” former the of regrouping the is relations to regard Euro-Mediterranean with elements fundamental the of One Restructuring ofPortfolios, EnlargementandENP the EuropeanCommission. of Vice-President also is Ashton Ms. that recall tion, family.”addi- relations In “external Commission’s an Europe- the of officers former the of part comprises which EEAS, the of creation the to due significant very are relations external of level the on changes regard With of Portfoliosand T instructions. may receive they which of from part the EEAS, forth hence- are role, important increasingly an playing 38 37 36 35 “ R he EuropeanCommission: Article 21§3ofthe Treaty onEuropeanUnion /TitleV. Article 218§3of the Treaty ontheFunctioning oftheEuropeanUnion. Article 17§1ofthe Treaty onEuropeanUnion /TitleIII. Article 17§1oftheTreaty onEuropeanUnion/TitleIII. ELEX

Family” 34 o h Erpa Cmiso, the Commission, European the to R eorganization ofthe R estructuring 35 Trade Policy Common the as such policies common Naturally, At thislevelaswell,coordinationwillbeessential. pects oftheEU’sexternalactionasawhole. as- coordinates Representative High the that mind in kept be must it but commissioner, respective the of leadership the under them to pertaining actions and services DGs continue to be in charge of These the different (DEVCO). EuropeAid – Cooperation and Development and Protection, Civil and Aid ian Enlargement-ENP,Humanitar- Trade,Development, currently comprises the following DGs and services: It restructured. being is Commission, European the for relations external of charge in Commission the which family,” designates the Directorates-General “RELEX and services of so-called The it. to ferred all that competences of the EC on external mean affairs are trans- not does EEAS the of creation The between theseanditsother policies.” between the different areas of its external action and and the High Representative, to “ensure consistency Council the with conjunction in latter, the to up is it and EC, the by handled be to continue shall lations, are of capital importance for Euro-Mediterranean re- tiator or the head of the Union’s negotiating team.” nego- Union the nominating [...] and negotiations of which shall adopt a decision authorising the opening Council, the to recommendations submit “shall who policy”) security and foreign common the to pally princi- the or exclusively (“where relates Representative envisaged agreement High the or EC the either is it agreements, international to regard With portfolio ENP the of part and portfolio “enlargement” former the of regrouping the is relations Euro-Mediterranean to regard with elements fundamental the of One the initiative, since this is its part of its mandate. its of part its is this since initiative, the take and Union European the of interest general the foster case any in must Commission European The

and Common Agricultural 38 Policy, which 37 36

() of the , the Nice, of Treaty the of Communities) (European With regard to issues relating to the former first pillar External RelationsPowers deficit. democratic CFSP’s the resolve however, not, does which EEAS, the with authority discharge as rights has also EP the that emphasized be must It area. ter counterbalance the powers of the Council in this and bet- to it allows which expenditure, non-compulsory compulsory between distinction a longer no stepped up in the budgetary sphere. Hence, there is powers its seen has which EP, the for period tant animpor- is perspective financial forthcoming The Budgetary Powers of adoption the legislation regardingEuro-Mediterraneanissues. in importance increased tion’s institu- the implies This framework. legislative the in ropean Parliament is thus clearly strengthened with- does the consultation procedure. The role of the Eu- as areas, new to extends likewise power, veto true judicial cooperation. The or EP’s approval procedure, a issues migratory to relating areas including as, are- new forty some to extends procedure new The of Ministers. Council the with along co-legislator, true a sidered cedure, within the framework of which the EP is con- pro- legislative main the becomes which procedure, legislative ordinary by co-decision of procedure the On the legislative level, the replaces Legislative Powers insofar asCFSPisregrettable. role Parliament’s the regarding progress of lack the However, account. into taken be should powers ary perspectives and the revision of the ENP, its budget- financial new to regard With strengthened. largely been have prerogatives budgetary and legislative the major beneficiaries of the Treaty of Lisbon, as its European The Legislative and T 40 39 he : SteppedUp he EuropeanParliament: Cf. Article24§1of theTreaty onEuropean Union/TitleV. Article 36oftheTreaty ofLisbon. Parliament (EP) is considered one of one considered is (EP) Parliament B udgetary Prerogatives is regrettable Parliament’s roleinsofarasCFSP the lack ofprogressregardingthe largely strengthened. However, budgetary prerogativeshave been Lisbon, asitslegislativeand beneficiaries ofthe Treaty of is consideredoneofthemajor The EuropeanParliament (EP) Treaty of Lisbon is strongly marked by intergovern- by marked strongly is Lisbon of Treaty the that considered be can it speaking, Generally lishment ofanewdynamicin themediumterm. things estab- launched, the expect can one is and faster move EEAS should the When stage. ing learn- a in still are we because so more easy,the all not is system institutional new the Understanding Conclusions [CFSP],” the menting imple- in progress on debate “a holds year, a twice and, Representative” High the to and it to dations recommen- make or Council the of questions “ask can EP the Although evolve.” policies those how of it inform and policy defence and security common the and policy security and foreign common the of choices basic the and aspects main the on liament Par- European the consult regularly “shall sentative Repre- High the that establishes the Lisbon of Indeed, Treaty limited. very remain powers EP’s the CSDP,however, the and CFSP the to regard With etr Asml i te bv-ttd legislative and budgetaryareas. above-stated the in Assembly mentary Parlia- the of prerogatives and powers of tension powers of the EP are strengthened thanks to the ex- ceptions. ex- scant few, a with matters, these in competence no has Justice of Court the since the problematic more all is This defence. and security of areas cific spe- in deficit democratic significant a has still EU 40 39 there is no denying that the that is no denying there

43 Med.2011 Keys 44 Med.2011 Keys ty on European Union’s Title V hidden pillar remains. Indeed, Chapter 2 of the Trea- of sort a abolished, was Union European the of ture struc- pillar the though that, emphasized be must It case oftheEuropeanCouncil have beenstrengthened, asinthe or intergovernmental institutions such asEEAShave beencreated, intergovernmental predominance structures withagreat Indeed, eithernew, mixed marked by intergovernmentalism. The Treaty ofLisbonisstrongly tured cooperation. berg Tasks, the European Defence Agency or struc- Peters- strengthened the instance, for as, amples, ex- other of slew a are There Council. European the of case the in as strengthened, been have tutions EEAS have as been created, or intergovernmental insti- such predominance intergovernmental great a mentalism. Indeed, either new, mixed structures with 42 41 and SecurityPolicy. shall be excluded” and “the common foreign and se- unanimity. Moreover, “the adoption of legislative acts of rule general the to subject is it that cedures”and pro- and rules “specific to subject is CFSP the that stipulates clearly Treaty The Dispositions.” Security Policy and Foreign Common the on Provisions Treaty on European Union / Title V: General Provisions on the Union’s External Action Service and Specific Provisions on the Common Foreign Article 24§1ofthe Treaty onEuropeanUnion /TitleV. 41 is entitled “Specific an Region. Mediterrane- the in order the change radically could investing in the while long term in transition processes aid that humanitarian emergency for funds lizing mobi- quickly of capable be must EU the and ident, the European Council under the impetus of its pres- within States Member 27 the between reached be all above must consensus A Representative. High the of tasks of one is this and possible, consistency greatest the with use should it that tools new has gion, the European Union under the Treaty of Lisbon Re- Mediterranean the in crises the and underway Today, with the challenges of the political transitions ranean facetoftheEU’sexternalrelations. Mediter- the for crucial are Füle Commissioner and dents of the Commission and the European Council Presi- the Representative, High the between lations of the new EEAS. Inter-institutional and personal re- efficiency. efficiency the on depend will things Many are multiplied, and this, unfortunately, is not a sign of actors The impact. significant a have will changes Insofar as Mediterranean affairs, it is clear that these yet provideitselfwiththemeansforitsambitions. must Assembly Parliamentary the since priori, a only but progress; greatest the enjoys European that the Parliament clearly is it level, supranational the different of types of officials, radically changes the situation. On composed one is, that EEAS, hybrid a of creation the relations, external in prerogatives Though the European Commission keeps significant fact. in it, from far – CFSP the of communitarisation resentative […]”. curity policy shall be put into effect by the High Rep- 42 In other words, there has been no