DOCSLIB.ORG

Social Power and Ugandan State Formation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Social Power and Ugandan State Formation Historicising the State: Social Power and Ugandan State Formation A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2016 Jessica R. Hawkins Global Development Institute School of Environment, Education and Development Contents List of tables ........................................................................................................ 3 Glossary and abbreviations ................................................................................ 4 Abstract ............................................................................................................... 6 Declaration .......................................................................................................... 7 Copyright Statement ........................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................. 8 Chapter One - Historicising the state in Development Studies ......................... 10 Chapter Two – Beyond the Western canon: Theorising state formation in Africa .......................................................................................................................... 27 Chapter Three - A model of social power: Framework and methods ................ 62 Chapter Four - Uganda: “A Story of Unfulfilled Hopes”? ................................... 92 Chapter Five - Ideological power: Laying the tracks for the colonial state ...... 109 Chapter Six - The political power of the colonial state .................................... 144 Chapter Seven - The militarism of the Ugandan state .................................... 175 Chapter Eight - Economic power in Museveni’s Uganda ................................ 215 Chapter Nine - Conclusion - Ugandan state formation: A story worth telling .. 250 Appendices ..................................................................................................... 265 Bibliography .................................................................................................... 267 Word Count (including footnotes): 84785 2 List of tables 1. Number of instances of the words ‘history’, ‘historical’, 20 ‘historiography’ and ‘historicise / historicising’ in article titles 2. Definitions of power 65 3. The sources of social power 72 4. Two dimensions of state power 78 5. Analysing military power 83 6. Sources of social power in Uganda, 1850-2015 107 7. Number of schools, teachers, pupils and religious affiliation by 1925 130 in the Protectorate of Uganda 8. Colonial government sources of revenue in Uganda, in £1000s 163 9. Overview of political parties in Uganda during the Protectorate 170 10. Presidents of Uganda 1962-1986 177 11. Estimated deaths during Amin’s regime 195 12. Deaths recorded by Kasozi (1994, 178, 254–57) in Buganda region 209 compared to other areas of Uganda, in 1981 13. Sociological organisation of elites 218 14. Sociological organisation of labour 228 15. Sociological organisation of the middle strata 239 16. Key instances of state formation and Mann’s framework of social 252 power in Uganda 3 Glossary and abbreviations Bakopi – Baganda subsistence class Batongole – parish chief Boda boda – 100cc motorcycle, usually used as a form of taxi service CMS. – Church Missionary Society – protestant missionaries from Britain FRONASA – Front for National Salvation IBEAC – Imperial British East Africa Company Kabaka – King of the Buganda Kingdom Kasanvu - forced labour Katikiro – Prime Minister of Buganda Kingdom KCC – Kampala City Council Kitongole – An administrative unit in Buganda Lubaale – traditional Kiganda God Luganda – Language of the Kingdom of Buganda Lukiiko – Administrative government of Buganda Luwalo – Unpaid work to local chief Magendo – Black market economy Mukungu (Bakungu, pl.) – Provincial or saza chief GSU – General Service Unit NCC – National Consultative Council NRA – National Resistance Army NRM – National Resistance Movement Nyoro – People of the Bunyoro Kingdom PRA – People’s Resistance Army 4 PSU – Public Safety Unit Saza chiefs – County chiefs SRB – State Research Bureau UNLA – Uganda National Liberation Army UNLF – United National Liberation Front UPDF – Uganda People’s Defense Forces White Fathers – Catholic missionaries from France 5 Abstract Jessica R. Hawkins Doctor of Philosophy University of Manchester Historicising the State: Social Power and Ugandan State Formation August 2016 This research employs a framework of social power, as coined by Michael Mann (1986; 1993), to understand the processes of state formation and development in Uganda. Using historical knowledge to understand the extent of social power relations in Ugandan society, the thesis assesses how these relations have shaped Ugandan state formation from the mid-1850s through to the present day. The research aims to bridge a gap between the discussions from African political theorists and historians and those of historical sociologists. It posits that state formation is a useful subject of study within the field of Development Studies, especially when it engages with historical empiricism. However, rather than providing a historically descriptive account of how the state formed, the research employs the theoretical framework of social power to guide the investigation of Ugandan state formation. Four units of analysis - ideological, political, military and economic sources of power form the basis of the approach. A historically and sociologically grounded analysis of the formation of the Ugandan state provides a contextually thick framework through which state development can be understood. By employing Mann’s macro-historical sociological framework, this research aims to respond to calls not only for greater macro-theorisation, but also for history to be taken into account in development discourse. Unfortunately, the study of history and the use of historians’ work is an investment of time which many development scholars struggle to afford There is an emerging critique that Development Studies scholars should not only acknowledge the historical processes underlying and framing their research, but that they should also actively engage with history to inform theoretical approaches to development. This thesis aims to demonstrate, from a historical sociology perspective, that history does matter for development and should, therefore, secure itself a place within the discipline, ensuring that Development Studies does include the study of social change in societies over long periods of time. Consequently, the analysis of this thesis argues that Mann’s model of social power can cast light on development trajectories and specifically for the purpose of this study, on processes of state formation in Uganda. 6 Declaration I declare that no portion of the work referred to in this thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification at this or any other university or other institute of learning. Copyright Statement i. The author of this thesis (including any appendices and/or schedules to this thesis) owns certain copyright or related rights in it (the “Copyright”) and she has given The University of Manchester certain rights to use such Copyright, including for administrative purposes. ii. Copies of this thesis, either in full or in extracts and whether in hard or electronic copy, may be made only in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (as amended) and regulations issued under it or, where appropriate, in accordance with licensing agreements which the University has from time to time. This page must form part of any such copies made. iii. The ownership of certain Copyright, patents, designs, trade marks and other intellectual property (the “Intellectual Property”) and any reproductions of copyright works in the thesis, for example graphs and tables (“Reproductions”), which may be described in this thesis, may not be owned by the author and may be owned by third parties. Such Intellectual Property and Reproductions cannot and must not be made available for use without the prior written permission of the owner(s) of the relevant Intellectual Property and/or Reproductions. iv. Further information on the conditions under which disclosure, publication and commercialisation of this thesis, the Copyright and any Intellectual Property and/or Reproductions described in it may take place is available in the University IP Policy (see http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/DocuInfo.aspx?DocID=487 ), in any relevant Thesis restriction declarations deposited in the University Library, The University Library’s regulations (see http://www.manchester.ac.uk/library/aboutus/regulations ) and in The University’s policy on Presentation of Theses. 7 Acknowledgements When you work on a PhD, part-time, over seven years, the acknowledgements section is never going to be a short piece. Embarking upon such a long and arduous process would never have happened had it not been for the encouragement and unfailing support of my supervisor, Tim Jacoby. He has supported me from the moment I started the Masters at the Institute for Development Policy and Management (now the Global Development Institute - GDI). He understood my circumstances and put me forward for many different opportunities throughout the process, whilst offering constant, constructive criticism for my written work, despite my (unconscious) preference for German sentence construction. Through Tim, I was able
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Collapse, War and Reconstruction in Uganda
    Working Paper No. 27 - Development as State-Making - COLLAPSE, WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION IN UGANDA AN ANALYTICAL NARRATIVE ON STATE-MAKING Frederick Golooba-Mutebi Makerere Institute of Social Research Makerere University January 2008 Copyright © F. Golooba-Mutebi 2008 Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of material published in this Working Paper, the Crisis States Research Centre and LSE accept no responsibility for the veracity of claims or accuracy of information provided by contributors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce this Working Paper, of any part thereof, should be sent to: The Editor, Crisis States Research Centre, DESTIN, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE. Crisis States Working Papers Series No.2 ISSN 1749-1797 (print) ISSN 1749-1800 (online) 1 Crisis States Research Centre Collapse, war and reconstruction in Uganda An analytical narrative on state-making Frederick Golooba-Mutebi∗ Makerere Institute of Social Research Abstract Since independence from British colonial rule, Uganda has had a turbulent political history characterised by putsches, dictatorship, contested electoral outcomes, civil wars and a military invasion. There were eight changes of government within a period of twenty-four years (from 1962-1986), five of which were violent and unconstitutional. This paper identifies factors that account for these recurrent episodes of political violence and state collapse.
    [Show full text]
  • UGANDA COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
    UGANDA COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service Date 20 April 2011 UGANDA DATE Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN UGANDA FROM 3 FEBRUARY TO 20 APRIL 2011 Useful news sources for further information REPORTS ON UGANDA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 3 FEBRUARY AND 20 APRIL 2011 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.06 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 3. HISTORY .................................................................................................................. 3.01 Political developments: 1962 – early 2011 ......................................................... 3.01 Conflict with Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA): 1986 to 2010.............................. 3.07 Amnesty for rebels (Including LRA combatants) .............................................. 3.09 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................................... 4.01 Kampala bombings July 2010 ............................................................................. 4.01 5. CONSTITUTION.......................................................................................................... 5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Exclusionary Elite Bargains and Civil War Onset: the Case of Uganda
    Working Paper no. 76 - Development as State-making - EXCLUSIONARY ELITE BARGAINS AND CIVIL WAR ONSET: THE CASE OF UGANDA Stefan Lindemann Crisis States Research Centre August 2010 Crisis States Working Papers Series No.2 ISSN 1749-1797 (print) ISSN 1749-1800 (online) Copyright © S. Lindemann, 2010 This document is an output from a research programme funded by UKaid from the Department for International Development. However, the views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. Crisis States Research Centre Exclusionary elite bargains and civil war onset: The case of Uganda Stefan Lindemann Crisis States Research Centre Uganda offers almost unequalled opportunities for the study of civil war1 with no less than fifteen cases since independence in 1962 (see Figure 1) – a number that makes it one of the most conflict-intensive countries on the African continent. The current government of Yoweri Museveni has faced the highest number of armed insurgencies (seven), followed by the Obote II regime (five), the Amin military dictatorship (two) and the Obote I administration (one).2 Strikingly, only 17 out of the 47 post-colonial years have been entirely civil war free. 7 NRA 6 UFM FEDEMO UNFR I FUNA 5 NRA UFM UNRF I FUNA wars 4 UPDA LRA LRA civil HSM ADF ADF of UPA WNBF UNRF II 3 Number FUNA LRA LRA UNRF I UPA WNBF 2 UPDA HSM Battle Kikoosi Maluum/ UNLA LRA LRA 1 of Mengo FRONASA 0 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Figure 1: Civil war in Uganda, 1962-2008 Source: Own compilation.
    [Show full text]
  • Exclusionary Elite Bargains and Civil War Onset: the Case of Uganda
    Working Paper no. 76 - Development as State-making - EXCLUSIONARY ELITE BARGAINS AND CIVIL WAR ONSET: THE CASE OF UGANDA Stefan Lindemann Crisis States Research Centre August 2010 Crisis States Working Papers Series No.2 ISSN 1749-1797 (print) ISSN 1749-1800 (online) Copyright © S. Lindemann, 2010 This document is an output from a research programme funded by UKaid from the Department for International Development. However, the views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. Crisis States Research Centre Exclusionary elite bargains and civil war onset: The case of Uganda Stefan Lindemann Crisis States Research Centre Uganda offers almost unequalled opportunities for the study of civil war1 with no less than fifteen cases since independence in 1962 (see Figure 1) – a number that makes it one of the most conflict-intensive countries on the African continent. The current government of Yoweri Museveni has faced the highest number of armed insurgencies (seven), followed by the Obote II regime (five), the Amin military dictatorship (two) and the Obote I administration (one).2 Strikingly, only 17 out of the 47 post-colonial years have been entirely civil war free. 7 NRA 6 UFM FEDEMO UNFR I FUNA 5 NRA UFM UNRF I FUNA wars 4 UPDA LRA LRA civil HSM ADF ADF of UPA WNBF UNRF II 3 Number FUNA LRA LRA UNRF I UPA WNBF 2 UPDA HSM Battle Kikoosi Maluum/ UNLA LRA LRA 1 of Mengo FRONASA 0 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Figure 1: Civil war in Uganda, 1962-2008 Source: Own compilation.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1: Background to the Study: Decentralisation and Urban Governance
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE Decentralisation and Urban Governance in Uganda By Sabiti Makara Supervisor: Prof. Tom Lodge Thesis submitted to the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg For the award of a Ph.D in the Faculty of Humanities 2009 i Declaration I declare that this is my own work which, to the best of my knowledge, has not been submitted to any university for any academic award. ii Dedication This work is dedicated to the memory of my late father, Eliab Makara who taught me that life and work have the same meaning, and to my late grandmother Egransi Baroza, under whose care and guidance I grew to realise my childhood dream. iii Acknowledgement I am indebted to many people for their contribution to this work. I thank my supervisor Professor Tom Lodge, who despite the challenge of transferring from Wits to Limerick University retained and guided me to the end. It is a privilege accorded to very few students and I am lucky to have associated with him in this regard. To the members of my family, especially my wife Beatrice Kabahinda, children: Janet Kukundakwe, Jessica Namara, Joy Asiimwe and Joseph Ruteikara and to my dear mother, Medias, I owe you a pat on the back for all kinds of support to me. It was never a bed of roses, it was a struggle throughout. I am grateful to Makerere University for a grant that enabled me to pursue this degree.
    [Show full text]
  • “Of Mustard Seeds and Democracy”. Assessing the Impact of “Movementocracy”1 on Uganda’S Contemporary Modes of Governance
    Stichproben. Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien Nr. 15/2008, 8. Jg., 55-86. “Of Mustard Seeds and Democracy”. Assessing the Impact of “Movementocracy”1 on Uganda’s Contemporary Modes of Governance Martina Ciganikova Abstract In spite of re-introduction of multi-partyism in 2006, the political landscape in Uganda remains far from plural - caused by too many central features of the previous “no-party” democracy remaining intact. This article analyses various elements hampering Uganda’s protracted transition to multiparty democracy, and shows how they are embedded into the historical, cultural, social and political legacy of “Movementocracy” – the mode of governance introduced by President Museveni. Five interconnected and interdependent hindering factors have been identified and selected for this analysis – ruling party’s tight control over the transition process, poor mode of governance, shortcomings of anti-governmental political and societal actors, upwards accountability of local stakeholders towards donor community and lacking atmosphere of political tolerance. The presented findings offer views, perceptions and frames from various representatives of Ugandan political, academic and social life. “[…] before the ‘mustard seed’ of freedom and democracy could be sown in Uganda, the land first had to be cleared of the rocks and weeds of a corrupt system, which had given rise by the 1970s to sectarian dictatorship and violence.” (Museveni 1997: xiii) I. Introduction When the National Resistance Movement (NRM) of President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni came to power in 1986 (thanks to its military wing, the 1 The term “Movementocracy” refers to the Movement or “no-party” mode of governance of President Museveni. (Mukwaya 2004) The specific characteristics of the Movement system will be explained in the article.
    [Show full text]
  • Exclusionary Elite Bargains and Civil War Onset: the Case of Uganda
    Working Paper no. 76 - Development as State-making - EXCLUSIONARY ELITE BARGAINS AND CIVIL WAR ONSET: THE CASE OF UGANDA Stefan Lindemann Crisis States Research Centre August 2010 Crisis States Working Papers Series No.2 ISSN 1749-1797 (print) ISSN 1749-1800 (online) Copyright © S. Lindemann, 2010 This document is an output from a research programme funded by UKaid from the Department for International Development. However, the views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. Crisis States Research Centre Exclusionary elite bargains and civil war onset: The case of Uganda Stefan Lindemann Crisis States Research Centre Uganda offers almost unequalled opportunities for the study of civil war1 with no less than fifteen cases since independence in 1962 (see Figure 1) – a number that makes it one of the most conflict-intensive countries on the African continent. The current government of Yoweri Museveni has faced the highest number of armed insurgencies (seven), followed by the Obote II regime (five), the Amin military dictatorship (two) and the Obote I administration (one).2 Strikingly, only 17 out of the 47 post-colonial years have been entirely civil war free. 7 NRA 6 UFM FEDEMO UNFR I FUNA 5 NRA UFM UNRF I FUNA wars 4 UPDA LRA LRA civil HSM ADF ADF of UPA WNBF UNRF II 3 Number FUNA LRA LRA UNRF I UPA WNBF 2 UPDA HSM Battle Kikoosi Maluum/ UNLA LRA LRA 1 of Mengo FRONASA 0 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Figure 1: Civil war in Uganda, 1962-2008 Source: Own compilation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Migration-Interstate Conflict Nexus
    Social Affairs. Vol.1 No.1, 52-82, Fall 2014 Social Affairs: A Journal for the Social Sciences ISSN 2362-0889 (online) www.socialaffairsjournal.com THE MIGRATION-INTERSTATE CONFLICT NEXUS Sabastiano Rwengabo* Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore ABSTRACT When and how does forced migration strain security relations between neighbouring States? Drawing from secondary research on two interstate conflicts in Africa’s Great Lakes Region during the 1970s and 1990s, I examine the socio-political conditions in both the migrants’ home and recipient States that interweave migrants into both States’ security calculations. I argue that refugees strain neighbouring States’ security relations under conditions of domestic socio-political violence, geographical proximity, and opportunities for refugees’ forced-return mobilisation. Evidence from the 1978-79 Uganda-Tanzania war, and the post-1994 DRC-Rwanda conflict, indicates that given these conditions forced migration strains interstate security relations by arousing suspicion and fear of migrants living in neighbouring States among leaders of refugees’ home country; and provoking migrants’ desire to forcefully return home expressed through politico-military mobilisation and declaration of war. Sending States pressure host States to ‘contain’ refugees’ mobilisation for forceful return. When recipient States are unable or unwilling to satisfy sending States’ demands, refugees become infused in both countries’ security calculations. These convergent processes generate interstate conflicts and may result in armed confrontation. The findings are useful for grasping the transformation of civil wars into transnational and regional conflicts, such as prevailed in the Region since the 1990s. Key Words: Forced Migration, Inter-State Conflict, Great Lakes Region, Uganda-Tanzania War, Rwanda-DRC Wars INTRODUCTION conflicts originating in domestic causes.
    [Show full text]
  • Uganda Country Handbook This Handbook Provides Basic Reference
    Uganda Country Handbook This handbook provides basic reference information on Uganda, including its geography, history, government, military forces, and communications and trans- portation networks. This information is intended to familiarize military personnel with local customs and area knowledge to assist them during their assignment to Uganda. The Marine Corps Intelligence Activity is the community coordinator for the Country Handbook Program. This product reflects the coordinated U.S. Defense Intelligence Community position on Uganda. Dissemination and use of this publication is restricted to official military and government personnel from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and other countries as required and designated for support of coalition operations. The photos and text reproduced herein have been extracted solely for research, comment, and information reporting, and are intended for fair use by designated personnel in their official duties, including local reproduction for training. Further dissemination of copyrighted material contained in this document, to include excerpts and graphics, is strictly prohibited under Title 17, U.S. Code. CONTENTS KEY FACTS .................................................................... 1 U.S. MISSION ................................................................. 2 U.S. Embassy .............................................................. 2 Travel Advisories ........................................................ 2 Entry Requirements ...................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Five
    CHAPTER FIVE POLITICS, ETHNICITY AND CONFLICT IN UGANDA, ACHOLILAND IN PERSPECTIVE, 1962-1986 The entity called Uganda is a result of a colonial policy that sought to transform a multiple aggregation of different groups of people into a viable political state. Although the British were not successful in forging a national identity, if indeed that was ever their intention, the country remained largely peaceful in the colonial period. While British colonial authorities’ policies sowed the seeds of the weeds that overran Uganda after independence, Ugandans themselves must take blame for nurturing rather than uprooting and destroying those weeds. In the post-independence period, ethnic cleavages and conflict have dominated Uganda’s politics. The crux of this study’s argument is that the conflicts in post-colonial Uganda and Acholiland in particular can be fully understood only as largely a result of divisive politics, characterized by ethnic manipulation and ethnic stereotyping. Introduction One of the post-independence political concerns in Uganda is that conflict has been very detrimental to national peace, stability and national unity. Between 1962 and 2006, the country was dogged by civil conflicts and violent change of governments. There is evidence in the country’s history to show that all the post-colonial conflicts that Uganda has experienced have taken on an ethnic expression. 178 The first major conflict after independence in 1962 was the 1966/1967 political crisis that pitted the Baganda, the country’s largest ethnic group under King Mutesa II, then also President of Uganda, against Prime Minister Milton Obote, supported by the army. This turned out to be a conflict between northerners and southerners.
    [Show full text]
  • Frederick Golooba-Mutebi Makerere Institute of Social Research Makerere University
    Working Paper No. 27 - Development as State-Making - COLLAPSE, WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION IN UGANDA AN ANALYTICAL NARRATIVE ON STATE-MAKING Frederick Golooba-Mutebi Makerere Institute of Social Research Makerere University January 2008 Copyright © F. Golooba-Mutebi 2008 Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of material published in this Working Paper, the Crisis States Research Centre and LSE accept no responsibility for the veracity of claims or accuracy of information provided by contributors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce this Working Paper, of any part thereof, should be sent to: The Editor, Crisis States Research Centre, DESTIN, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE. Crisis States Working Papers Series No.2 ISSN 1749-1797 (print) ISSN 1749-1800 (online) 1 Crisis States Research Centre Collapse, war and reconstruction in Uganda An analytical narrative on state-making Frederick Golooba-Mutebi∗ Makerere Institute of Social Research Abstract Since independence from British colonial rule, Uganda has had a turbulent political history characterised by putsches, dictatorship, contested electoral outcomes, civil wars and a military invasion. There were eight changes of government within a period of twenty-four years (from 1962-1986), five of which were violent and unconstitutional. This paper identifies factors that account for these recurrent episodes of political violence and state collapse.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Empowerment and Decision-Making at the Household Level Neema, Murembe
    Tilburg University Women's empowerment and decision-making at the household level Neema, Murembe Publication date: 2015 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Neema, M. (2015). Women's empowerment and decision-making at the household level: A case study of Ankore families in Uganda. Tilburg University. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. sep. 2021 Women’s empowerment and decision-making at the household level Women’s empowerment and decision-making at the household level A case study of Ankore families in Uganda PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. E.H.L. Aarts, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de Ruth First zaal van de Universiteit op woensdag 6 oktober 2015 om 16.15 uur door Clementia Murembe Neema, geboren op 2 oktober 1961 te Ishaka, Oeganda Promotor: prof.
    [Show full text]