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Paper No. Makerere University Makerere
PAPER NO. MAKERERE UNIVERSITY MAKERERE INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL RESEARCH COMMUNAL CONFLICTS IN THE MILITARY AND ITS POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES By Dan Mudoola MAKERERE INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL RESEARCH Paper Presented to the Seroinar on "INTERNAL CONFLICT IK UGANDA", 21st - 26th September, 1987; Sponsored by International Alert London; MaJcerere Institute of Social Research, MaJcerere University; International Peace Research Institute, Oslo; and The United Nat Lons University, Tokyo. Views and opinions in this paper are the sole responsibility of the Author, not the sponsors' nor those of the organisation the author oomes from. the civil service and the judiciary, were defined. On the first Independence anniversary the constitution was amended to provide for a ceremonial president to replace the Governor-General. On the occasion of opening the first Independence. Parliament the Queen's representative, the Duke of Kent, members of the coalition UPC-KY government and, to some extent, members of the Opposition were in a sanguine self-congratulatory mood. The Duke of Kent promised thai his Government "would foster the spirit of tolerance and goodwill between all the peoples of Uganda - It would - pay due heed to the traditional beliefs and customs of the diverse peoples of Uganda. It would respect individual rights of the oommon man. It' would recognise the special status and dignity of the Hereditary Rulers of the Kingdoms and of the Constitutional Heads of the Districts". In equal measure, the Prime Minister, Apolo Milton Obote:, believed that "'traditional institutions would form a firm foundation upon which our newly independent state could be _ 3 advanoed." The leader of the Opposition, Basil Bataringays however, oautioned against "'tribalism and factionalism, our: two most deadly enemies - and unless we sen .acquire - • a sense of common purpose? - we can never be sure that our future path vri.ll be; entirely smooth1^- - Within a space of less than four years another actor v/ho had never been pert of the political calculations leading to independence- came to the scene. -
Union Calendar--No
Union Calendar--No. 706 89th Congress, 2d Session - - House Report No. 1565 REPORT OF THE SPECIAL STUDY MISSION TO AFRICA November 27-December 14, 1965 COMPRISING HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, Jr., Michigan, Chairman HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, New York HON. E. Ross ADAIR, Indiana HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI, Illinois OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS PURSUANT TO H. RES. 84, 89TH CONGRESS, A RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING -THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO CONDUCT THOROUGH STUDIES AND INVESTIGATIONS OF ALL MATTERS COMING WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COMMITTEE JUNE 1, 1966.-Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 63-732 0 WASHINGTON : 1966 FOREWORD HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Washington, D.C., March 17, 1966. This report has been submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs by the special study mission to Africa conducted between November 27 and December 14, 1965. The findings in this report are those of the special study mission and do not necessarily reflect the views of the membership of the full (ommittee on Foreign Affairs. It is filed in the hope that it will prove useful to the Congress in its consideration of legislation. THOMAS E. MORGAN, Chairman. m LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Washington, D.C., March 17, 1966. Hon. THOMAS E. MORGAN, Chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I am submitting for consideration the Committee on Foreign Affairs the report of the special study missionby to Africa, November 27 to December 14, 1965. -
@Bernadette A. Da Silva Montreal. Qu,Bec
f - .. ,. , lI' .. 1 , l" i j• • McGUL UNIVERSITY 1 THE POST-COLONIAL STATE: UGAIDA 1962 - 1971. A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE . FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH -IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQl1IREMEMS FOR THE DEGREE OF MiSTER OF ARTS BI @Bernadette A. Da Silva Montreal. Qu,bec August 1985. 1 s • • ABSTRACT u .. • . The lIubJect of th!. thesie 18 the nature ot the poet- oolonial ita te in Atriea as exe.pl1tled by the proeusee ot ..tate for •• tion in Uganda ,during the 1962-71 periode It h the contention of the theeh thaet an 9bderetanding or, thele • proceeeu le neceeearl for an underetandlng of the poet colonial etate. state for ..tion ie a direct r.sponee on the part of poli tical leader.' to the preesuree and proble.s created bl eoc1eta(l. tCJt'oes. Thue, a study of these proeellee will shed turther ~léht on the ralationshlpe betw.en varloue , , eoeietal toroes.... ae _11 ae betlleeri eocletal forcee and the • ta te. Thie Ihould, in turn, enable us ta &see 8 e th, nature of the atate, in part1cular vhe~her It existe at aIl, and if la whether i t playl an Instru.ental role or whether l.t i8 art autotlQaous to'rce. On the buie ot the U,anda aaterlal, the f thesis telte the varloue hlpothe818 re,ardlng the funct1011B of \ the etate and concludee tha~.whlle it do~ndeed exiet, the ·f at•. t. ".(acII ~any eonltra1nta on He autono.y, a eondition re , tll"Cted in the poli~ee puraued bl the poli tical leaderehip ot the country. -
“The Life and Contribution of the Late Benedicto K. M. Kiwanuka to the Political History of Uganda”
“The Life and Contribution of the Late Benedicto K. M. Kiwanuka to the Political History of Uganda” By Paul K. Ssemogerere, Former Deputy Prime Minister & Retired President of the Democratic Party A Lecture in Memory of Benedicto Kiwanuka Organized by the Foundation for African Development and the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung on 13th October 2015, Hotel Africana 1. Introduction I believe I am speaking for all present, when I express sincere appreciation to the leadership of the Foundation for African Development (FAD), who, in collaboration with the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) of Germany, instituted this series of Annual Memorial Lectures/Dialogues in happy memory of someone who lived and worked under great difficulties but, guided by noble principles, and propelled by sustained personal endeavor to lead in order to serve, rose to great heights, and eventually leaving his star shining brightly for all of us long after his awful extra- judicial execution – an execution orchestrated by fellow-men held captive by envy and personal insecurity. I welcome today’s main presentation for the Dialogue on “What needs to be done to avert the risk of election violence before, during and after the 2016 General Elections in Uganda”, for three main reasons: • First, because anxiety about the likelihood of violence breaking out with disastrous consequences is well founded; there are simply too many things wrong about the forthcoming election while, at the same time, there is, so far, an apparent lack of genuine interest to address them seriously and objectively -
Nternational Alert
PAPER NO. PAP/004 MAKERERE UNIVERSITY MAKERERE INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL RESEARCH/INTERNATIONAL ALERT ETHNIC PLURALISM AND POLITICAL CENTRALISATION"': THE BASIS OF POLITICAL CONFLICT IN UGANDA INSTITUTE OF j D:vt. C :NT STUDIES LIBRARY Dr. Y. BARONGO, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Makerere University Paper presented to the International Seminar on Internal Conflict, 21st - 26th September, 1987; sponsored by International Alert, London; Makerere Institute of Social Research, Makerere University; International Peace Research Institute, Oslo; and The United Nations University, Tokyo. Views and opinions in this paper are the sole responsibility of the author, not the sponsors' nor those of the organisation the author comes from. an& the struggle of the elite members of ethnic groups to control the centre:, hightens'and intensifies political conflict. To many observers of the Ugandan political scene, particularly those of foreign (western) origins, the struggle for political power at' the centre among political elites from different ethnic backgrounds which in recent years has assumed violent dimensions, is an expression of ethnic or 'tribal' conflict and' hostility. Contrary to such views, this paper attempts to show that the violent conflicts that have bedevilled the Ugandan nation since the 1966 crisis, are purely political conflicts in origin, oaJuse and effect. The paper contends that the struggle for participation and control of political power at the centre, is one of the major causes of political conflict in this oountry. In the end, the paper advocates for the decentralization of power and the creation of a strong system of local govern- ment as means of minimizing political conflict in Uganda. -
Understanding the Politics of Land Tenure in Post-Conflict Uganda
1 Contradictions of Consolidation, Puzzles of Resistance: Understanding the Politics of Land Tenure in Post-Conflict Uganda. In Sub-Saharan Africa it has been suggested that government reliance on customary authority at local levels is inimical to democracy. Genuine democracy in Africa must address the undemocratic compulsions customary authorities are able to enforce as a result of their de facto control over land and labour. This paper examines the extent to which guerrilla movements are capable of altering existing patterns of authority and control over land use in Africa. While fighting a civil war, the NRA (National Resistance Army) in Uganda introduced democratic reforms to local government in territories under its control. After the war and in government, the NRM (National Resistance Movement) has introduced legislation that has sought to privatize land tenure in the south and elsewhere in Uganda. This paper argues that neither of these institutional reforms threatened the authority of Bugandan notables in Southern Uganda. Democratic reforms introduced during the war did not address the basis of customary authority in Buganda (land). While in government, the NRM has abandoned the alliance constructed with the southern peasantry established during the civil war. In order to entrench its position in government, attempts to privatize land have not only sought to attack customary authority but also to allow clients of the NRM from elsewhere in Uganda to ‘legitimately’ accumulate land in the south. As a result, defending customary authority over land allocation has become a means through which peasants in the south have safeguarded themselves against land dislocation. In this way, customary law has functioned as an institution around which resistance to authoritarianism and corruption has been based. -
Uganda People's Congress and National Resistance
UGANDA PEOPLE'S CONGRESS AND NATIONAL RESISTANCE MOVEMENT By Yoga Adhola The National Resistance Movement (NRM) is a movement to resist UPC or what UPC stands for, i.e. national-democratic liberation. The earliest incidence of this resistance is given to us by none other than the founder of the NRM, Yoweri Museveni. He recounts: We were staunchly anti-Obote. On 22 February 1966, the day he arrested five members of his cabinet, three of us, Martin Mwesigwa, Eriya Kategaya and myself went to see James Kahigiriza, who was the Chief Minister of Ankole, to inquire about the possibility of going into exile to launch an armed struggle. Kahigiriza discouraged us, saying that we should give Obote enough time to fall by his own mistakes. We saw him again a few weeks later and he gave us the example of Nkrumah, who had been overthrown in Ghana by a military coup two days after Obote's abrogation of the Uganda constitution. Kahigiriza advised us that Nkrumah's example showed that all dictators were bound to fall in due course. Inwardly we were not convinced. We knew that dictators had to be actively opposed and that they would not just fall off by themselves like ripe mangoes. Later I went to Gayaza High School with Mwesigwa to contact Grace Ibingira's sister in order to find out whether she knew of any plans afoot to resist Obote's dictatorship. She, however, did not know of any such plan. We came to the conclusion that the old guard had no conception of defending people’s rights and we resolved to strike on our own. -
A Foreign Policy Determined by Sitting Presidents: a Case
T.C. ANKARA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS A FOREIGN POLICY DETERMINED BY SITTING PRESIDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF UGANDA FROM INDEPENDENCE TO DATE PhD Thesis MIRIAM KYOMUHANGI ANKARA, 2019 T.C. ANKARA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS A FOREIGN POLICY DETERMINED BY SITTING PRESIDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF UGANDA FROM INDEPENDENCE TO DATE PhD Thesis MIRIAM KYOMUHANGI SUPERVISOR Prof. Dr. Çınar ÖZEN ANKARA, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ i ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... iv FIGURES ................................................................................................................... vi PHOTOS ................................................................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE UGANDA’S JOURNEY TO AUTONOMY AND CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM I. A COLONIAL BACKGROUND OF UGANDA ............................................... 23 A. Colonial-Background of Uganda ...................................................................... 23 B. British Colonial Interests .................................................................................. 32 a. British Economic Interests ......................................................................... -
Professor Mondo Kagonyera H.E. YOWERI K.MUSEVENI THE
Speech by Professor Mondo Kagonyera Chancellor, Makerere University, Kampala AT THE SPECIAL CONGREGATION FOR THE CONFERMENT OF HONORARY DOCTOR OF LAWS (HONORIS CAUSA) UPON H.E. YOWERI K.MUSEVENI THE PRESIDENT OFUGANDA AND H.E. RASHID MFAUME KAWAWA (POSTHUMOUS), FORMER 1ST VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA DATE: 12TH DECEMBER 2010 AT VENUE: FREEDOM SQUARE, MAKERERE UNIVERSITY, KAMPALA Your Excellency Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, President of the Republic of Uganda The First Lady, Hon Janet K. Museveni, MP The Family of His Excellency Late Rashid Mfaume Kawawa Your Excellency, Professor Gilbert Bukenya, Vice President of Uganda, Right Honorable Professor Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda, Your Excellencies Ambassadors and High Commissioners Honorable Ministers and Members of Parliament Professor Venansius Baryamureeba, Vice Chancellor, Our Special Guests from Egerton University, Kenya, & the Pan African Agribusiness & Ago Industry Consortium, (PanAAC), Kenya, Members of the University Council Members of Senate Distinguished Guests Members of Staff Ladies and Gentlemen It gives me great pleasure to welcome you all, once again, to this special congregation of Makerere University in the Freedom Square. Your Excellency, allow me once again to thank you very much for having me the great honor of heading the great Makerere University. This is a historic occasion for me as the first Chancellor of Makerere University to confer the Honorary Doctorate Degree upon His Excellency President Yoweri K. Museveni, who is also the Visitor of Makerere University. I must also express my appreciation of the fact that busy as you are now, you have found time to personally honor this occasion. INTRODUCTION As Chancellor, I shall constitute a special congregation of Makerere University to confer the Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa) upon H.E. -
Conclusion: an End to Conflict
Conclusion: an end to conflict Looking back on their daily lives over the last 40 years or so, the majority of Uganda's citizens will reflect on the turbulence of the times they have lived through. In some respects, there has been little change in the patterns of daily life for millions of Ugandans. People continue to cultivate the land by hand, or to herd their animals in ways that have barely altered since Uganda was created a hundred years ago. They continue to provide for their own subsistence, with relatively little contact with external markets. This sense of continuity was captured by Lorochom, the Karimojong elder, who explained, 'Governments change and the weather changes... but we continue herding our animals.' There have been some positive changes, however. The mismanagement of Uganda's economy under the regimes of Idi Amin and Obote II left Uganda amongst the poorest countries in the world. Improved management of the national economy has been one of the great achievements of the NRM and, provided that • Margaret Muhindo in her aid flows do not significantly diminish, Ugandans can kitchen garden. In a good reasonably look forward to continued economic growth, better public year, she will be able to sell surplus vegetables for cash. services, and further investments in essential infrastructure. In a bad year, she and her Nonetheless, turbulence has been the defining feature of the age, family will scrape by on the and it is in the political realm that turbulence has been profoundly food they grow. destructive. Instead of protecting the lives and property of its citizens, the state in one form or other has been responsible for the murder, torture, harassment, displacement, and impoverishment of its people. -
Collapse, War and Reconstruction in Uganda
Working Paper No. 27 - Development as State-Making - COLLAPSE, WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION IN UGANDA AN ANALYTICAL NARRATIVE ON STATE-MAKING Frederick Golooba-Mutebi Makerere Institute of Social Research Makerere University January 2008 Copyright © F. Golooba-Mutebi 2008 Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of material published in this Working Paper, the Crisis States Research Centre and LSE accept no responsibility for the veracity of claims or accuracy of information provided by contributors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce this Working Paper, of any part thereof, should be sent to: The Editor, Crisis States Research Centre, DESTIN, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE. Crisis States Working Papers Series No.2 ISSN 1749-1797 (print) ISSN 1749-1800 (online) 1 Crisis States Research Centre Collapse, war and reconstruction in Uganda An analytical narrative on state-making Frederick Golooba-Mutebi∗ Makerere Institute of Social Research Abstract Since independence from British colonial rule, Uganda has had a turbulent political history characterised by putsches, dictatorship, contested electoral outcomes, civil wars and a military invasion. There were eight changes of government within a period of twenty-four years (from 1962-1986), five of which were violent and unconstitutional. This paper identifies factors that account for these recurrent episodes of political violence and state collapse. -
Elections in Anglophone African Countries 41 Yolanda Sadie 4 5 3 Youth Participation in Anglophone Africa 79 Victoria Graham
This book compares the progress ten select countries, all former colonies of Britain, have made towards the practice of democracy. The authors assess a range of indicators including the quality of elections, the impact of voter turnout, the importance of term limits, civil society’s various responsibilities, the presence of media freedoms, the impact of youth participation, accountability and the rising role of social media. These findings help illustrate the various periods within each country’s democracy from the immediate post-colonial experience, to the emergence of one-party states, to the surge of multi-party elections that are being influenced by key political figures and technology. This book will be of great interest to a broad readership including students of politics, international relations and history at tertiary educational institutions as well as the wider readership that is keen to understand what has shaped the post-colonial political experience of some key Anglophone African countries. Brittle Democracies? Heather A Thuynsma is a Lecturer in the Department of Political Sciences and Communications Manager for the Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria. THIS PAGE IS LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Brittle Democracies? Comparing Politics in Anglophone Africa PB 1 ESI Press University of Pretoria, Lynwood Avenue, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa https://www.up.ac.za/faculty-of-humanities 2 Text copyright © ESI Press 2020 3 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including photocopying and recording, or by any other information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher.