The Making of Pakistan
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C o n t e n t s THE MAKING THE FIRST CABINET 01 OF PAKISTAN 08 OF PAKISTAN NAZIST MODI'S THE AALAND ISLANDS KASHMIR POLICY RAVAGES MODEL AND KASHMIR 09 Syed Qamar Afzal Rizvi 10 Dr.Muhammad Fai PRIME MINISTER FOREIGN POLICY IMRAN KHAN'S KEY FOR MODI IN 12 KASHMIR TEST 13 2019 ELECTIONS Dr Syed Nazir Gilani Liu Zongyi Source :Global Times UNFAIR EDUCATION INDIA'S ABUSE OF WOMEN IS THE BIGGEST EXPOSES INDIA'S HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION ON EARTH 15 SOCIAL RIFT By Ding Gang 16 Source: Global Times Deepa Narayan AUGUST15 THE KASHMIR ISSUE: BLACK DAY FOR KASHMIRIS A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE 17 Sajjad Shaukat 19 Manzoor Hussain Gillani WHO WINS IF A SURVIVOR'S GUT-WRENCHING TALE OF THE DEADLY 1947 EXODUS TURKEY LOSES? 20 Aijaz Zaka Syed 22 Arshiya Zahid KASHMIRI NEWS 23 CULTURE 29 SECTION Sheikh-ul-Aalam: A Rediscovery Published by: Patron Chief Editor Kashmir Today K-Block, New District Muhammad Idrees Abbasi Complex, Muzaffarabad. Website: www.jklc.org Chief Editor E-mail: [email protected] Raja Muhammad Sajjad Khan Ph: 05822-920072, 05822-920074 Month: August 2018 Editor Volume: 07 Muhammad Sarfraz Khan Issue: 09 Quantity: 1000 Assistant Editor Price Rs. 150/- Matloob Hussain Yearly Subscription: Rs. 1000/- Circulation Registration No.MZD-31 Naqeebullah Gardezi Printed by Dharti Art Press THE MAKING OF PAKISTAN THE EMPIRE the Muslim be equipped with modern join the Congress and on the whole his EXTINGUISHED education (1). Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's advice was followed by the Muslims. Sir The Struggle for freedom which led to the Syed Ahmed Khan knew that the uprising of 1857 ended in disaster. The Congress was virtually controlled by the Mughal Empire was extinguished and Hindus; the Muslim therefore would not British rule was established over the be in a position to play any significant role whole sub-continent. With the recapture in it and, indeed, on the contrary, would of Delhi in September 1857, dire seem the risk of being exploited. His vengeance visited upon the helpless apprehensions about this party were based Muslims of this city. Bahdur Shah Zafar on realities, and subsequently proved true; was put through the indignity of a mock when the Congress took part is the anti- trial and exiled to Rangoon; Mughal contribution to Muslim renaissance in Urdu and anti-partition of Bengal Princes were beheaded, summarily, with India can be summarized in one phrase, movement. The subsequent events Hodson boasting about it, wine glass in that it was the inculcation of self- showed that the Congress was altogether a hand. In every department of life where confidence in his people. Before the Hindu body and was determined to government patronage was essential the appeared on the scene, the Muslim established Hindu rule under the cover of doors were closed on Muslims. There was community in India was adrift: he representative institution; scarcely a government office where a supplied the rudder. The Muslim were MUSLIM LEAGUE Muslim could get any job other than that under a cloud be made efforts to remove The rise and role of Congress, infect of a porter or a carrier. from them the stigma of disloyalty. His changed the outlook of Muslim leaders a A STAR ABOVE THE greatness lies in providing a firm Indian political life. They soon come to STORM foundation on which those who came after reckon for a need of Separate political (2) The great trauma of 1857 marked the him could build with confidence . organization is order to protect their formal end of a long period of Muslim 1. Pakistan political roots and rights; The Muslim leaders therefore held political primacy and they went through development by Safdar Mahmood a meeting on 30 December 1906 in Dhaka 2. The struggle for Pakistan by Ishtaq one crises after another till Sir Syed to discuss the matter at some length Ahmed Khan rose like a star above the Hussain Qureshi Nawab Waqar ul Mulk presided over this storm to guide them out of their distressful CONGRESS AND meeting, He noted Muslim are only one- situations, he under took the formidable MUSLIMS fifth of the population of India. It is task of improving the conditions of the In 1885 the Indian National Congress was obvious that it at any time the British Muslim and suggested: (i) that the distrust formed at the initiative of the retired Government ceases to exist in India the prevailing between the British and the British official A.O. Hume. Sir Syed nation which is four time Nemours will Muslims should be removed and (ii) that Ahmed Khan advised the Muslim not to rule the country. It was resolved after great 01 deliberations that this meeting composed EVENTFUL DECADE of Muslims from parts of India assembled 1909-1919 is Dhaka decider that a political Morlay-Monto reforms of 1909 are an Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah association be formed styled the all India important are is the political history of whose subsequent efforts won him the Muslim league. The establishment of the India. The reforms were encouraging for title of the, ambassador of Hindu Muslim Muslim league marked the emergence of Muslims because their demand for unity, to prepare a plan for future reforms. Muslim Nationalism in India in an separate electorates had been accepted- The scheme was prepared by a committee organized form and became the main During the partition of Bangal was headed by him was approved both by vehicle of Muslim demands and interests. annulled is 1911 and it came as shock to Congress and the Muslim League is EVENTFUL DECADE the Muslim; the Year 1912 witnessed the Lucknow in December 1916. The 1909-1919 Balkans war which ended the Turkish rule Congress and League entered into the Morlay-Monto reforms of 1909 are an over the Balkons and it sent a wave of famous “Laucknow pact”. According to important are is the political history of anger among the Muslims. The this pact the Hindus accepted the principle India. The reforms were encouraging for Government refused to raise the status of of separate electorate for Muslim. Muslims because their demand for the Aligarh College to a university and a MASCARE OF separate electorates had been accepted- portion of Mosque in Kanpur was JAWALANWALA BAGH During the partition of Bangal was demolished by Government and many The match that ignited the great annulled is 1911 and it came as shock to Muslim protesters were martyred. Such conflagration was security legislation the Muslim; the Year 1912 witnessed the events paved the way for collaboration passed in 1919 and known as the Rowlatt Balkans war which ended the Turkish rule with the Congress. The first word war, Acts. These Acts gave arbitrary powers of over the Balkons and it sent a wave of aimed at broadening the base of arrest and trial without jury to the anger among the Muslims. The democracy. The British action against government, and, naturally, aroused Government refused to raise the status of Turkey had already caused great widespread indignation. A number of the Aligarh College to a university and a resentment in Muslim India. protest meetings were held all over the portion of Mosque in Kanpur was JINNAH; AMBASSADOR OF country. One such meeting, in Jallianwala demolished by Government and many HINDU MUSLIM UNITY Bagh in Amritsar, was drowned in blood Muslim protesters were martyred. Such events paved the way for collaboration with the Congress. The first word war, aimed at broadening the base of democracy. The British action against Turkey had already caused great resentment in Muslim India. 02 by General Dyer who opened fire on the Khilafat agitation to back the demand for policemen were burnt alive. It is not crowd without warning. Within a few swaraj, he would at one stroke bring about surprising that there was a break-down of minutes 379 persons were killed and over unity between the two great communities discipline. What is astonishing is that the 1,200 wounded---unofficial estimates put of Hindus and Muslims and convert the discipline held as long as it did. Gandhi the number of casualties still higher, old constitutional struggle into a mass was so upset by this act of violence that he Martial law was declared, and the citizens movement of the most revolutionary kind. immediately called off the movement and were subjected to innumerable The international event was the Treaty of confessed that' there is not yet in India that humiliating indignities. Dyer's object was Serves whose harsh terms made it clear non-violent and truthful atmosphere to intimidate the people by a that the victorious Allies were not content w hich alone can justify mass demonstration of ruthless power. The with the dismemberment of the Ottoman disobedience.” This sudden reversal results were exactly the opposite--quite Empire, but were determined to destroy produced bewilderment and dismay unwittingly he had aroused a spirit of even the Turkish homeland. To Indian among the masses and the leaders. If the fierce resentment against the British raj. Muslims the Treaty appeared to be a movement had been allowed to continue JINNAH FINALLY LEFT deliberate attempt by the Christian west to despite the Chauri Chaura incident, the THE CONGRESS exterminate forever the political power of British government, so the people felt, The political strategist who now assumed Islam as symbolized by the Khilafat, or would have been compelled to make control of the situation was Mohandas caliphate. The dynamic leadership of the major concessions to Indian demands. The Ali Brothers and many other leaders had already been arrested. Now Ghandi was tried on a charge of sedition sentenced to six years' imprisonment.