Monitoring Report 2015 National Food Policy Plan of Action and Country

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National Food Policy Plan of Action and Country Investment Plan

Monitoring Report 2015

June 2015

Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) Ministry of Food Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

This document is the result of a joint effort by the:

Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief Ministry of Finance (Finance Division and Economic Relations Division) Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Ministry of Food Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ministry of Industries Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (LG Division and RDC Division) Ministry of Planning (Planning Commission, Statistics and Informatics Division and IMED) Ministry of Primary and Mass Education Ministry of Social Welfare Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Women and Children Affairs

Coordinated by the

Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) Ministry of Food

with technical support from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

ISBN

Published by FPMU, Ministry of Food. For copies/update on the Monitoring Report please contact: DG, FPMU Khaddya Bhaban, 16 Abdul Ghani Road, Dhaka-1000; [email protected] ; visit- www.fpmu.gov.bd

Foreword

The Government of Bangladesh is committed to ensure food and nutrition security for its people, especially the most vulnerable groups of mothers and young children- through a comprehensive approach to food availability, access and utilisation for nutrition. To this effect, the Government adopted a comprehensive National Food Policy (NFP, 2006), its Plan of Action (PoA, 2008-2015) and investments specified in a multi-billion dollar Country Investment Plan for Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition (CIP, 2011-2015) that is consistent with the Sixth Five Year Plan, Vision 2021 and the Millennium Development Goals. Both NFP PoA and CIP provide a result framework and a prioritized investment plan for coordinated interventions up to 2015. This report is the fifth in the annual series that jointly monitors progress towards the NFP targets. The preparation of the report was led and facilitated by the Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) of the Ministry of Food, in collaboration with 17 partner ministries and departments, with technical assistance from FAO and financial support from USAID and EU. The report drew on 23 inter-ministerial meetings. Drafts were reviewed by the Food Policy Working Group and in a stakeholder consultation composed of the Government, development partners, private sector and civil society. The National Committee thereafter discussed and endorsed the report. The Monitoring Report 2015 shows that food and nutrition security for national well-being is a top priority at the highest level of the Government and amongst development partners. With the a available resources for interventions having grown substantially, the challenge is to ensure effective delivery of programmes in line with the increased resources. The CIP budget is now at 12.7 billion USD, of which 8.8 billion USD is already financed – as a result of the mobilization of additional 5.4 billion USD since June 2011, of which approximately 918 million USD is mobilized in 2013/14. The Government financed 5.6 billion USD (64%) and development partners financed 3.2 billion USD (36%). Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in reducing child undernutrition since the mid 1990s, but the same has not adequately translated in the reduction of population undernourishment. Underweight declined from 41 percent in 2007 to 32.6 percent in 2014. Similarly, chronic malnutrition (stunting) shows substantial decline by a third from 54.6 percent in 1997 to 36.1 percent in 2014. The improvement recorded in underweight and stunting is in line with the MDG and national targets, but remains at a level of public health concern. The recent decline in exclusive breastfeeding among children less than 6 months needs to be addressed through concerted strategies to achieve sustainable gains. Households in Bangladesh are gradually changing their diets with a larger share of calories coming from vegetables, fruits and animal-products; complementary feeding is also showing slight improvement. The report identifies encouraging developments in food production diversification in a context of steady growth in rice production and remarkable progress in aquaculture. The report outlines the need for mainstreaming nutrition beyond the health sector, points to sustained increase in purchasing power, decline in poverty, especially in urban areas, and efforts to expand public food grain storage capacity. Besides, there is need for implementation of the national Social Protection Strategy with attention to its impact on food security and nutrition. The Bangladesh Food Safety Authority needs to coordinate overall food safety management and guide the implementation of the Food Safety Act 2013. Commitments to the Rome Declaration and Framework for Action of the Second International Conference on Nutrition need to be followed up, leveraging food systems for sustainable diets and nutrition. On-going efforts to scale up national nutrition services should be further sustained. I expect this report to stimulate strategic and informed decision making and enhance delivery on food and nutrition security outcomes in Bangladesh.

Dhaka, 2 June 201 5 Advocate Md Qamrul Islam MP Minister Ministry of Food i

Table of Contents Foreword ...... i Acronyms ...... iv Executive summary ...... ix 1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Approach to monitoring ...... 3 3. Progress towards NFP goals and outcomes ...... 9 3.1. NFP goals ...... 9 3.2. NFP Objective 1 outcomes ...... 13 3.3. NFP Objective 2 outcomes ...... 18 3.4. NFP Objective 3 outcomes ...... 23 4. Availability: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs ...... 33 4.1. Programme 1: Sustainable and diversified agriculture through integrated research and extension ...... 33 4.2. Programme 2: Improved water management and infrastructure for irrigation purposes ...... 41 4.3. Programme 3: Improved quality of input and soil fertility ...... 46 4.4. Programme 4: Fisheries and aquaculture development ...... 51 4.5. Programme 5: Livestock development with focus on poultry and dairy production...... 56 5. Access: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs ...... 63 5.1. Programme 6: Improved access to markets, value-addition in agriculture, and non-farm incomes ...... 63 5.2. Programme 7: Strengthened capacities for implementation and monitoring of the NFP and CIP actions ...... 70 5.3. Programme 8: Enhanced public food management system ...... 77 5.4. Programme 9: Institutional development and capacity development for more effective safety nets ...... 83 6. Utilization: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs ...... 93 6.1. Programme 10: Community based nutrition programmes and services ...... 93 6.2. Programme 11: Orienting food and nutrition programmes through data ...... 102 6.3. Programme 12: Food safety and quality improvement ...... 110 7. Food Security and CIP financing ...... 117 7.1. Budgets of key NFP partner ministries and space for food security ...... 117 7.2. CIP financing: timeframe and data processing ...... 119 7.3. CIP Budget evolution ...... 120 CIP financing beyond June 2015...... 127 7.4. Development partners' reporting on contribution to CIP ...... 128 7.5. Recommendations ...... 130 8. Overall assessment and recommendations ...... 133 8.1. Overall assessment ...... 133 8.2. Recommendations ...... 135 Annexes ...... 139 Annex 1. Comparison of the CIP and PoA output monitoring indicators ...... 140 Annex 2. Composition of Thematic Teams ...... 146 Annex 3. Actual and planned expenditures (in billion taka) of key partner ministries and divisions ..... 147 Annex 4. Cost and financing of the CIP ...... 148 Annex 4.1: CIP 2015 budget vs. previous year and baseline ...... 148 Annex 4.2: Number and average budget of projects in CIP 2015 by sub-programme ...... 149 Annex 4.3: CIP budget 2015 and delivery in fiscal year 2013/14 by sub-programme ...... 152 Annex 4.4: Ongoing and completed CIP projects as of June 2014 ...... 157 Annex 4.5: Projects in the CIP pipeline as of June 2014 ...... 212 Annex 4.6: Development partners’ contribution and commitments in the CIP ...... 229

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Acronyms

ADP Annual Development Programme AIS Agriculture Information Service ANC Antenatal Care ARMIS Agricultural Research Management Information System AoI Area of Intervention A4NH Agriculture for Nutrition and Health BADC Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation BARC Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council BARI Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute BAU Bangladesh Agricultural University BBF Bangladesh Breastfeeding Foundation BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BCC Behavioural Change Communication BCSIR Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research BDHS Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey BFRI Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute BFSA Bangladesh Food Safety Authority BIDS Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies BINA Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture BIRDEM Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders BJRI Bangladesh Jute Research I nstitute BLRI Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute BMDA Barendra Multipurpose Development Authorities BMI Body Mass Index BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRRI Bangladesh Rice Research Institute BSCIC Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation BSRI Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute BSTI Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institute CARE Cooperative American Relief Everywhere CARS Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences CBN Cost of Basic Needs CDSP Char Development and Settlement P roject CED Chronic Energy Deficiency CGIAR Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIG Common Interest Group CIP Country Investment Plan CF Complementary Feeding CIG Common Interest Group CHT Chittagong Hill Tracts CMS Change Monitoring System CMNS Child and Mother Nutrition Survey DAE Department of Agricultural Extension DAM Department of Agricultural Marketing DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DAP Diammonium Phosphate DCI Direct Calorie Intake

DDP Desirable Dietary Pattern DES Dietary Energy Supply DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade DFID Department for International Development of the UK DGFP Directorate General of Family Planning DGHS Directorate General of Health Services DoF Department of Fisheries DLS Department of Livestock Services DNI Direct Nutrition Intervention DPHE Department of Public Health Engineering DP Development Partner DPP Development Project Proposal DU Dhaka University EBEK Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar EGPP Employment Generation Programme for the Poorest EEP Economic Empowerment of the Poorest EKN Embassy of the Kingdom of Netherlands EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FANTA Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance FBCCI Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry FCDB Food Composition Data Base FCT Food Composition Tables FIAC Farmers Information and Advice Centres FPMC Food Planning and Monitoring Committee FPMU Food Planning and Monitoring Unit FSNIS Food Security and Nutrition Information System FSNSP Food Security Nutritional Surveillance Programme GAFSP Global Agriculture and Food Security Programme GAIN Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition GAM Global Acute Malnutrition GED General Economic Division GHP Good Hygienic Practices GDP Gross Domestic Product GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GoB Government of Bangladesh GMP Good Manufacturing Practices GR Gratuitous Relief HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point HFSNA Household Food Security and Nutrition Assessment HIES Household Income and Expenditure Survey HKI Helen Keller International HPAI Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza HPNSDP Health, Population and Nutrition Sector Development Programme HYV High Yielding Variety IAHBI Integrated Agriculture and Health Based Intervention IAPP Integrated Agricultural Productivity Project IEC Information, Education and Communication IDA Iron Deficiency Anaemia ICDDR,B International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh ICN2 Second International Conference on Nutrition

ICT Information and Communication Technology IEDCR Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IPC Integrated Phase Classification IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IFST Institute of Food Science and Technology ILO International Labour Organization IPHN Institute of Public Health and Nutrition IPM Integrated Pest Management IMED Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division IMTR Internal Mid Term Review IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding kcal Kilocalorie LANSA Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia LFS Labour Force Survey LGED Local Government Engineering Department LGRDC Local Government Rural development and Cooperative MDGs Millennium Development Goals MDER Minimum Dietary Energy Requirement M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MFSFP Modern Food Storage Facilities Project MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys MIS Management Information Systems MISM Management Information System and Monitoring MMT Million Metric Ton MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoDMR Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MoF Ministry of Finance MoFood Ministry of Food MoFL Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock MoHFW Ministry of Health and Family Welfare MoLGRDC Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives MP Muriate of Potash MoPME Ministry of Primary and Mass Education MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MoWCA Ministry of Women and Children Affairs MMT Million Metric Ton MR Monitoring Report MSD Ministry of Social Development MT Metric Ton MTBF Medium Term Budgetary Framework MUCH Meeting the Undernutrition Challenge Programme NAP National Agricultural Policy NARS National Agricultural Research System NATP National Agricultural Technology Project NC National Committee NCD Non Communicable Diseases NCHS National Centre for Health Statistics NFNSP National Food and Nutrition Security Policy NFP National Food Policy

NFPCSP National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme NHDSBD Nutrition, Health and Demographic Survey of Bangladesh NIPORT National Institute of Population Research and Training NIS Nutrition Information System NLEP National Livestock Extension Policy NMSS National Micronutrient Status Survey NNR Naturally Nutrient Rich NNS National Nutrition Services NPGRI National Plant Genetic Resources Institute NGOs Non Governmental Organizations NNS National Nutrition Services NRPC National River Protection Commission NSPCMD National Strategy on Prevention and Control of Micronutrient Deficiencies NSP National Seed Policy NSPS National Social Protection Strategy NSSA National Social Security Agency NWRD National Water Resource Database OMS Open Market Sales OP Operational Plan ORT Oral Rehydration Therapy ORS Oral Rehydration Solution PFDS Public Food Distribution System PKSF Palli Karmo Sahayok Foundation PoA Plan of Action PoU Prevalence of Undernourishment RAE Retinol Activity Equivalents RAP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific RDCD Rural Development and Cooperatives Division REACH Renewed Efforts Against Child Hunger REOPA Rural Employment Opportunities for Public Assets RNA Rural Nonfarm Activities SAAO Sub -Assistant Agriculture Officer SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAM Severe Acute Malnutrition SCA Seed Certification Agency SCDC Supply Chain Development Component SDC Swiss Development Cooperation SED Sustainable Energy for Development SFDF Small Farmers Development Foundation SFYP Sixth Five Year Plan SHIREE Stimulating Household Improvements Resulting in Economic Empowerment SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound SME Small and Medium Enterprises SPS Social Protection System SPEMP Strengthening Public Expenditure Management Programme SRDI Soil Resource Development Institute SSN Social Safety Net SUN Scaling Up Nutrition SWAPNO Strengthening Women’s Ability for Productive New Opportunities

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TR Test Relief TSP Triple Super Phosphate TTs Thematic Teams TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training UESD Utilization of Essential Service Delivery UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development USD United States Dollar USG Urea Super Granule VDO Village Development Organisation VGD Vulnerable Group Development VGF Vulnerable Group Feeding WARPO Water Resources Planning Organisation WDB Water Development Board WFP World Food Programme WHA World Health Assembly WHO World Health Organization

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Executive summary

The National Food Policy (NFP) provides strategic guidance for achieving food and nutrition security. The NFP Plan of Action (PoA) translates this into 26 Areas of Intervention (AoI) for the period 2008 to 2015. The Bangladesh Country Investment Plan: A Road Map towards Investment in Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition (CIP) identifies 12 investment programmes to ensure implementation of the PoA. Implementation mechanisms and responsibilities across Government ministries are specified in the NFP PoA Section I.4 and Part II, respectively.

Progress towards NFP goals The overarching goal of the National Food Policy is “to ensure dependable food security for all people of the country at all times” . Undernourishment, child underweight and child stunting indicators measure progress towards the NFP goal. These three nutrition relevant indicators are complemented with the Sixth Five Year Plan (SFYP) related indicators and are consistent with other national development targets such as MDGs. The monitoring of progress towards NFP goals serves as a useful reference for the preparation of the currently ongoing Seventh Five Year Plan (7FYP). While the MDG-1 target for reducing undernourishment was achieved in early 2000s, the declines thereafter have been uneven and started to rise slightly in the last 3-4 years. The indicator slightly worsened for the fourth consecutive year reaching 16.7% in 2013/14 from 16.3% in 2012/13, showing a deterioration of undernourishment, but which is notably lower than the MDG target, 17%. The MDG-1 child underweight goal – is to halve rates of child underweight from 66% in 1990 to 33% by 2015. Child underweight and stunting declined both since the 2007/08 baselines: as of 2013/14, the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) estimates child underweight at 32.6% and child stunting at 36.1%. An average reduction in underweight of around 1.7 percentage points per year since 2007/08 allowed to reach sustained improvements and to reach the 2015 targets. As regards child stunting which reflects chronic malnutrition, a sustained decline has been noted from 43.0% in 2004 to 36.1% in 2014. Of the four Food Security indicators included in the Results Framework of the SFYP, agricultural GDP growth bounced from 2.17% in 2012/13 to 4.3% in 2013/14, reaching the target. Notably, Government spending on social protection as a share of GDP slightly increased up to 2.26% in 2013/14, though remaining below the 2015 target of 3%. Available data on poverty show a decline from 40% in 2005 to 32% in 2010 (8 percentage points), a level closer to the MDG target (29%). National rice wage - a measure of purchasing power of the wage earners - accelerated from 5.8% to 9.7% during the period 2012/13-2013/14, which was largely above the target. This implies that access to staple food improved remarkably during the period.

Progress towards NFP outcomes Availability: Agricultural GDP (excluding forestry) growth increased by 2.1 percentage point to reach 4.3% in 2013/14, mainly due to increased rice, animal and fish production. Rice import dependency, measured as an average for the period 2011/12-2013/14, has

ix consequently dropped to 1% from 2.3% registered in 2012/13. Instability of rice production remained unchanged in 2013/14 from its lowest level of 2.9% registered in 2012/13, mainly due to the stability in rice production throughout all seasons. In 2013/14, price of rice was more stable than in the previous year although remained on an increasing trend, while wheat price has been decreasing and remained more volatile over the same period. Although the agricultural trade deficit rose to 6.9 billion USD in 2011, fishery exports improved. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Implement the National Agricultural Policy 2013; ‹ Promote intensification of rice production; ‹ Sustain expansion of mechanization; ‹ Provide more incentives for agro-processing industry; ‹ Preserve forest resources for environmental protection; ‹ Strengthen adaptation to climate change impacts. Access: Change in the daily rice wage of all wage earners accelerated in 2013/14 to 9.7% from 5.8% in 2012/13 continuing on its increasing trend. In 2013/14, agricultural daily wage corresponded to 8.9 kg of rice/day and followed a volatile decreasing trend since June 2012. Income poverty declined faster during 2000-2010 period compared to the previous decade. The Planning Commission projections place headcount poverty rate down by 6.5 percentage points, to 25% in 2015 when compared to 2010, assuming constant inequality. The intake of calories lower than 2,122 kcal/cap/day reduced from 44% in 2000 to 38% in 2010. Food inflation remained above general inflation between June 2012 and June 2013. In May 2014, food inflation registered 9% compared to 5.6% for non-food inflation. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Strengthen the right to food; ‹ Promote rural non-farm employment; ‹ Improve income distribution; ‹ Strengthen emergency food distribution system in alignment with NSPS; ‹ Improve food access in disadvantaged areas;

‹ [Stabilize food prices. Utilisation: The share of dietary energy supply and intake from cereals has declined very slowly in recent years, following a long term trend continuing since the 1990s, and remained above the recommended targets of 60%. Dietary diversity for women improved between 2011 and 2013 especially in urban areas; however, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions lag behind. Chronic energy deficiency (CED, BMI<18.5) among women declined to 17% in 2013/14, from 23% in 2011/12. On the contrary, the proportion of overweight (BMI>23) increased to 39% in 2013/14 from 30% in 2011/12. The proportion of children 6 to 23 months fed a minimum acceptable diet improved to 23% in 2014 compared to 21% in 2011. Iodized salt consumption reduced from 82% in 2011 to 80% in 2013. Prevention and control of iron deficiency anaemia improved in recent years; in 2011, 33% of preschool children were affected by anaemia. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Accelerate nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific actions; ‹ Improve nutrition through agriculture and food systems;

‹ Promote dietary diversity and nutrition; ‹ Expedite implementation of NNS activities including complementary feeding; ‹ Accelerate implementation of prevention strategies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs); ‹ Strengthen food safety and quality activities under BFSA; ‹ Ensure full coverage of access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene; ‹ Enhance fortification and bio-fortification initiatives; ‹ Conduct new national nutrition survey.

Output monitoring: CIP programmes and associated NFP PoA Areas of Intervention Research and extension: Release of new varieties increased in 2013/14, especially for rice, vegetables and oilseeds. The number of farmers trained on sustainable agricultural practices increased for two consecutive years. In 2013/14, the share of rice area in total cropped area further declined to 74.8% from 76% in the previous year, falling stably for the third consecutive year below the level recorded in 2008/09. Productivity increased while area planted continued its slow decline. In 2013/14, rice production increased by 1.6%; while it had previously slightly declined by 0.2% in 2012/13, for the first time since 2005/06. Production of maize, vegetables, potato and wheat improved. In particular, maize production boosted (41%) due to favourable market conditions, in particular due to robust sectoral feedstock demand from poultry, livestock and fishery sectors. Signs of crop diversification continued in 2013/14. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Sustain nutrition oriented agricultural research; ‹ Improve the Agricultural Research Management Information System; ‹ Facilitate ‘vertical’ integration between agricultural research, universities, and extension service providers; ‹ Establish ‘horizontal’ integration between extension service providers to support demand-led technology transfers; ‹ Mainstream the use of modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT); ‹ Establish a database of extension projects. Water management and irrigation: The crop area under irrigation continued expanding throughout the reference period, up to 48% in 2013/14, whilst the contribution of surface water remained stable at 21%. Groundwater table in northern districts deepened to eight meters in 2014 from six meters in 2013. The share of irrigation in boro production cost reduced. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Ensure sustainable use of groundwater; ‹ Improve irrigation efficiency and water productivity; ‹ Enhance availability and use of surface water; ‹ Enrich and update a data bank on water resources; ‹ Use arsenic free groundwater for irrigation and domestic purposes; ‹ Develop effective flood control and river erosion measures; ‹ Reduce salinity in coastal areas. Inputs and soil fertility: Supply of improved seed as a percentage of agronomic requirements reduced in 2013/14 over 2012/13 for all commodities, except vegetables. Seed quality

xi remains an issue. Fertilizer prices remained unchanged, while urea price was reduced from 20 to 16 taka/Kg over the period 2012/13 - 2013/14. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Produce more quality seed and improve distribution; ‹ Reduce nitrogen loss through increased use of USG and reap higher yield; ‹ Promote IPM and use of quality agrochemicals. Fisheries and aquaculture: The share of fisheries value added in agricultural GDP (excluding forest) increased for the third consecutive year, growing by 0.5 percentage points in 2013/14, and reaching over a fourth of total agricultural value added. This represents an encouraging sign of diversification to improve diets and impact nutrition. Fish production grew at 4.3% in 2013/14. Shrimp production accelerated in 2013/14, registering an increase of 3.4% over 2012/13. Fingerling production showed some improvements (0.1%) after a sharp decline (10%), over the same period. While the share of fisheries in total exports marginally improved to 2.3% in 2013/14 from 2% in 2012/13, its share in total export halved from 4% in 2007/08 to 2% in 2012/13. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Enhance pond productivity; ‹ Reduce yield gap; ‹ Improve fishing habitat for hilsha and other species; ‹ Develop low cost feed and feed industry; ‹ Explore export potential of Pangas and Tilapia; ‹ Develop crab seed hatchery. Livestock development: Livestock sectoral growth rate registered a 3%, while its share in agricultural GDP slightly reduced to 12.1% in 2013/14 from 12.3% in 2012/13. Milk, meat and egg production increased by 36%, 40% and 34% respectively in 2013/14. Artificial insemination decelerated by 4.5 percentage points in 2012/13 to 3% in 2013/14. Poultry deaths became insignificant. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Boost productivity through crossbreeding and selection; ‹ Promote dairy processing technologies; ‹ Sustain school milk programmes for better nutrition while supporting dairy farmers; ‹ Improve quantity and quality of feed and fodder; ‹ Sustain value addition in producing hides, skin, horn and bone; ‹ Support biogas production. Access to markets and value addition: The differences between farm gate and retail prices increased between 2012/13 and 2013/14, for all products under consideration (coarse rice, onions, potatoes, and brinjals), excluding lentil. The price mark-up for fertilizers remained stable for TSP, MP, and Urea respectively at 10%, 15%, and 14%. Wage differential between males and females in agriculture declined to 30% in 2013/14 from 40% registered for the preceding two years. The provisional real GDP growth rate of small scale manufacturing decelerated to 7% in 2013/14 from 9% in 2012/13. The number of students enrolled in TVET institutions marginally decreased in 2013/14, after a steady increase over the previous four years.

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Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to:

‹ Improve physical access to markets; ‹ Reduce wastage and quality loss of food products; ‹ Further reduce wage difference between men and women; ‹ Strengthen support to agro-processing; ‹ Promote employment generation through micro-enterprise development; ‹ Enhance skill development, particularly for women and disabled; ‹ Improve information system through use of IT services. Implementation and monitoring of NFP and CIP: During 2013/14, an additional 918 million USD were mobilized in projects previously in pipeline or newly identified. This figure compares to 969 million USD for 2012/13, with a two years slowdown of funds mobilization by 952 million USD since 2011/12. The coming end of the CIP explains this decreasing trend: financial allocations to new projects largely fall beyond June 2015 and are therefore not accounted under the CIP financing. Twenty-six projects (new or previously in pipeline) were newly implemented in 2013/14, valued at 435 million USD, out of a total additional financing of 940 million USD. From 1 st July 2011 to 30 th June 2014, a total of 4,760 million USD was disbursed, representing 54% of total financed budget of 8,789 million USD (for both ongoing and completed projects) for CIP 2015. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Formulate the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (NFNSP), Plan of Action, and the new Country Investment Plan; ‹ Mainstream capacity development components in the new NFNSP, PoA, and the new CIP; ‹ Expedite provision of additional FPMU staff ; ‹ Strengthen implementation capacity and accelerate operations. Public food management: Effective foodgrain storage capacity expanded by 6% to reach 1.8 million tons during the period 2012/13 - 2013/14. This is in line with the trend of increased capacity since 2007/08 food price crisis. The Government’s objective is to cope with both market price volatility and natural disasters which are expected to occur more frequently as a result of climate change. Utilization of storage capacity fluctuated on an increasing trend from 38% in 2007/08 to 60% in 2013/14. The actual boro procurement increased by 0.25 million MT to 1.06 million MT in 2013/14. In 2014 boro procurement season, and for a second consecutive year, the average wholesale price of coarse rice continued to remain above the average cost of production. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Strengthen capacities to manage PFDS through training and technological adoptions; ‹ Boost public procurement system’s effectiveness through applied research; ‹ Plan PFDS operations consistently with NSPS and emergency response needs. Effective safety nets: The share of social safety net (SSN) spending in GDP declined in 2013/14 to 1.61% from 1.68% in 2012/13. However, the share of social empowerment spending in GDP increased to 0.65% over the same period. The budgeted coverage of Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF) decreased to 65 lakh persons in 2013/14 from 85 lakh persons in 2012/13, following steadily decreasing trend from 366.7 lakh persons in 2009/10.

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However, the quantity of food distributed under VGF and Gratuitous Relief (GR) increased by 58%, reaching 0.48 MMT in 2013/14 from 0.3 MMT in 2012/13, probably due to the necessity of quicker stock rotation in a year of higher procurement. In 2013/14, the budgeted coverage of EGPP increased to 4.9 million from 4.2 million person months from 2012/13, and for the first time registered a level higher than 2009/10. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Prioritize and target the implement of National Social Protection Strategy; ‹ Integrate and expand market-driven initiatives and community participation in SSN programmes; ‹ Establish a single registry management information system (MIS); ‹ Adapt cash and food transfers coherently with the food stock management strategy; ‹ Explore the preparation of a roadmap for fortified rice. Community-based nutrition: BDHS estimates showed a marked increase in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding from 43% in 1993 to 64% in 2011, with a slight fall to 59.7% in 2013, with present rates showing a further drop to 55.3%. Moreover, complementary feeding has slightly improved since 2011 over the previous year. In 2013/14, poor households raising home gardening and backyard poultry has continued increasing for two consecutive years to 46% from 45% in 2012/13, and 42% in 2011/12. Protein and fat supply from animal foods is lower than recommendations. Disaggregated adult consumption units show that in age group 18-29.9 years males are getting 2594 Kcal while females of the same age group get about 2049 Kcal pointing to gender differences in energy intake. Global acute malnutrition reduced from 16% in 2011 to 14.3% in 2014, and severe acute malnutrition from 4% to 3.1%. Women having at least 4 antenatal care visits increased to 31.2%. A draft national micronutrient strategy, led by IPHN, MoHFW awaits approval. National legislation on food fortification is being established. The National Vitamin A Plus campaign, done twice a year, covers 97% of under-five children; and iron folate supplementation is provided through the family planning facilities. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Scale-up nutrition sensitive strategies in fisheries, livestock and women sectors; ‹ Improve facility and community based support to caregivers; ‹ Strengthen food fortification initiatives; ‹ Increase commitment in line with global nutrition initiatives; ‹ Follow-up ICN2 declaration and framework for action. Data for improved nutrition: Behaviour change communication (BCC) aim at empowering communities towards health and nutrition seeking behaviour. The number of BCC activities shows an increasing trend since 2009/10 at 635 to 800 in 2013/14. A reference for food and dietary planning using the desirable dietary pattern (DDP) has been established by BIRDEM. The DDP has proposed energy requirement for a Bangladeshi at 2430 kcal/day. A simplified food composition database (FCDB) and FCT documentation have been published for public use. The national and regional food compositional activities are benefited from this computerized FCDB and printed FCT tables. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Improve harmonization between food security and nutrition information systems; ‹ Train users of FCT and dietary guidelines;

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‹ Improve management capacity and coordination for nutrition. Food safety and quality: Standardization of food items has registered limited progress, remaining at 58 in 2011/12 and 2012/13 but increased to 59 in 2013/14. The prevalence of diarrhoea declined from 10% in 2007 to 5% in 2011, and to 5.7% in 2014, although according to another national source it stayed relatively constant at 12%. Slight improvement in safe water supply was registered. The coverage of safe water supply for domestic use increased from 75% in 2002 to 97% in 2007/08, and increased slightly to 98% in 2009/10, and remained unchanged at 98% in 2011/12 and 98% in 2012/13. However, it increased to 99% in 2013/14. Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to: ‹ Enhance awareness on food safety practices; ‹ Enhance coordination on food safety management; ‹ Formulate food safety regulations; ‹ Recruit and strengthen capacity of the food safety inspectors; ‹ Develop more food standards and ensure compliance; ‹ Designate food safety laboratories for specific analysis of foods; ‹ Reduce diarrhoeal prevalence and improve safe water supply; ‹ Strengthen healthy street food vending; ‹ Improve capacity building in value chains.

The CIP 2015: financial input monitoring CIP 2015 increased to 12.7 billion USD, of which 8.8 billion USD is already financed. Financial gap reduced to 3.9 billion USD. GoB invested 1.78 USD for each dollar spent by DPs. CIP delivery improved up to 4.8 billion USD since 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation, and represents 54% of total financed budget. This figure compares with 5.4 billion USD of additional financing. Looking at component-specific data, Access, Availability and Utilization for Nutrition delivered respectively 59%, 51% and 32% of their financed budget. Looking at the post-CIP period (after June 2015), 1.6 Billion is the budget already financed, distributed as follows among components: Availability (49%), Access (45%), and Utilization (6%).

The monitoring exercise In preparing the CIP Monitoring Report 2015, a results-oriented monitoring approach was adopted, coherent with existing national planning processes, namely the national MDGs and the SFYP results framework. A four-level results chain was defined whereby NFP goals are articulated into outcomes/impacts that are expected to result from outputs, which are in turn generated from inputs. Monitoring indicators have been chosen at each level, within the data available, against SMART criteria: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound. These provide targets, baselines and proxy indicators for performance.

Institutional framework for monitoring Bangladesh’s institutional structure on food security and nutrition provides coordination at different levels, including monitoring. The FPMC provides strategic orientation and establishes a high-level commitment to inter-sectoral collaboration. The NC is tasked with overseeing CIP implementation and monitoring processes. The FPWG is the mechanism for coordinating collaboration at the technical and operational level through the four TTs that

xv execute the monitoring process. In addition to this, GoB agencies and DPs involved in programmes pertaining to the CIP provide data for CIP financial monitoring.

Lessons learned from monitoring There has been greater ownership displayed by FPMU and TTs throughout the monitoring period 2014/15. This is resulting in a sustainable process that is reflected in the production of the report. The active engagement and increased participation by FPMU and TTs in the recent years paved the way for improved validation and triangulation of the data and results with that of the Annual Development Programme (ADP) and the Implementation Report from IMED of the Planning Commission.

Gender related analysis There is a strong gender dimension to food insecurity and malnutrition in Bangladesh. Empowerment gaps for women in rural Bangladesh are found to be greatest in terms of leadership in the community and control of and access to resources. The NFP PoA and CIP monitoring provides evidence on linkages between women, food security and nutrition, pointing to positive effects of the different dimensions of female empowerment on food and nutrition security outcomes.

Synergy with Scaling up Nutrition (SUN) Initiative The annual monitoring of the NFP PoA and CIP presents tracking of financial resources for nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive investments through the joint process engaging 16 partner ministries, departments and agencies. The monitoring process demonstrates accountability for tracking progress in achieving national food security and nutrition targets. Analysis on nutrition- relevant budget allocations is carried out by the thematic teams from the participating ministries who are involved in this annual exercise. Monitoring is carried out to the fullest extent possible through country assessments as well as data and information available from national accountability mechanisms, and as such informs the SUN Initiative. As 2015 is the culminating year for the CIP, the report provides estimates of priority programmes and incremental changes in investments overall for the period 2010- 2015 and comparisons of the delivery on nutrition outcomes through both nutrition specific and sensitive programmes.

xvi

1. Introduction

The policy framework The National Food Policy (NFP) approved in August 2006 embeds three core objectives: NFP Objective 1: Adequate and stable supply of safe and nutritious food; NFP Objective 2: Increased purchasing power and access to food of the people; NFP Objective 3: Adequate nutrition for all individuals, especially women and children. The overall goal of the NFP is to ensure dependable food security for all people at all times. To this end, it provides a strategic orientation to enhance the delivery on nutrition outcomes. The NFP Plan of Action (PoA) translates the provisions of the NFP into 26 strategic Areas of Intervention (AoI) to be implemented over the period 2008-2015. The PoA identifies responsible actors (governmental and non-governmental) and suggests policy targets and indicators for monitoring progress. The document also provides guidelines regarding inter-ministerial coordination, and sectoral planning and budgeting, with a view to promoting implementation effectiveness. It also outlines a strategy for monitoring progress. The Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP) is a road map toward investment in Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition. The CIP is a five-year comprehensive investment plan from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2015 to ensure implementation of the PoA, and is organised into 12 programmes with 40 sub-programmes. It is a country-led planning, fund mobilization and alignment tool. It supports increased, effective public investment to increase and diversify food availability in a sustainable manner and improve access to food and nutrition security. The CIP only covers public investments under the Annual Development Plan of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) but it is designed in such a way to leverage investment by private sector and smallholders. The CIP was developed in 2010 and discussed in the Bangladesh Food Security Investment Forum held in Dhaka on 26 th and 27 th May 2010 with the inauguration of the event by H.E. the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. It was further developed through a wider consultation process involving main stakeholders in Government, civil society and development partners that resulted in the publication of a revised version in June 2011. The CIP is a living document: while its structure of programmes and sub-programmes remains unchanged, the number of projects and related financial resources are in continuous evolution. The monitoring exercise contributes to stock taking of this evolution, keeping the CIP budget updated, based on progress against its results’ framework and emerging needs. The CIP is anchored in the policy, programmatic and financial framework of Bangladesh as: (i) the investment arm of the National Food Policy (NFP, 2006) and its Plan of Action (NFP PoA, 2008-2015); (ii) embedded in the Sixth Five Year Plan (SFYP, 2011-2015); (iii) an advocacy and financial tool for increased resource allocation from the budget (through the Government process) and development partners (DPs). The CIP benefited from the commitment at the national level to food security and nutrition expressed in the Scaling up Nutrition (SUN) Movement. It provides a strategic and coherent set of 12 priority investment programmes, focusing on both specific and sensitive nutrition interventions, to improve food and nutrition security in an integrated way, with a focus on the most food insecure and malnourished populations. To provide comprehensive nutrition - relevant budget allocations in line with SUN methodology, the CIP financial data are

1 complemented with Health Ministry data on nutrition specific programmes and nutrition sensitive programmes for non-health sectors.

Introducing the monitoring exercise Effective monitoring enables policy makers to assess progress towards the achievements of NFP goals, objectives and sectoral targets, and to take corrective action. The GoB publishes annually a Monitoring Report to track the implementation of the NFP PoA and the CIP. To date, four monitoring reports have been published, in 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2014. The series is an established feature on the policy landscape, enjoying wide interest across GoB, DPs and other stakeholders. The 2015 issue monitors the implementation from 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2014, covering the baseline years of the CIP (2009/10) and PoA (2007/08). The annual publication consolidates, analyses and produces a rich set of information across major stakeholders of the NFP. With each annual issue, the publication is accumulating knowledge that in 2015, the final year for both the NFP PoA and the CIP, will provide an objective basis for reflection and new policy formulation. This is also the culmination of the CIP period that has paved the way for future policy reform. The monitoring framework of the CIP is built upon the NFP PoA monitoring framework. Joint monitoring of the two documents required careful harmonisation to ensure adequate coverage and consistency. The approach designed and successfully implemented for the Monitoring Report 2012 has been successively refined in the following editions. A Roadmap for Producing the 2015 CIP and NFP PoA Monitoring Report 1 was elaborated over the summer of 2014 by FAO Policy Assistance Team, in consultation with Thematic Teams (TTs) and FPMU. The document was discussed with TTs and FPMU staff during a training workshop on ‘Monitoring Food Security Framework in Bangladesh’ held in September 2014. Based on assessment of previous monitoring rounds, the workshop refined the approach, indicators and monitoring responsibilities, and enabled participants to be effectively involved in independently carrying out the monitoring. This issue additionally focuses on gender related analysis across the programmes.

About this report This report presents data and analysis on the selected indicators of goals, outcomes and outputs for 2013/14 (the monitored year) and previous years, including 2007/08 (the PoA baseline) and 2009/10 (the CIP baseline). For inputs, the report presents data and analysis on financial commitments for the period from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2015, updated as of 30 June 2014. Chapter 2 describes the approach taken to monitoring jointly the NFP PoA and CIP. Chapter 3 assesses progress towards NFP Goals and NFP Objectives related to food availability, food access and food utilisation for nutrition. Chapter 4, 5 and 6 monitor, respectively, the twelve CIP programmes contributing to food availability, food access, and food utilisation for nutrition. Each chapter assesses progress towards achievement identified in the CIP and PoA result frameworks, reviews policy developments/programmes underway, and identifies needs for further action. Chapter 7 monitors CIP financing for food and nutrition security by the GoB and DPs. Chapter 8 provides an overall assessment of progress and recommendations based on the analysis carried out. Annexes present the monitoring indicators, the composition of TTs and the full CIP database updated up to June 2014.

1 http://fpmu.gov.bd/agridrupal/content/roadmap-producing-cip-and-nfp-poa-monitoring-report-2014

2. Approach to monitoring

A results-oriented monitoring approach - coherent with the national planning process - has been adopted on the basis of a four-level results chain. The NFP goal constitutes the highest level, articulated into outcomes (second level) that are expected to result from outputs (third level), which are in turn generated from inputs (fourth level). This is shown in Figure 1 and described below: 1. The overall goal is defined in the NFP, the highest monitoring level to which the PoA and CIP contribute. Goal indicators are consistent with targets in the MDGs and SFYP results framework. Goals are broad and therefore their achievement cannot be only attributed to the PoA or the CIP, but their effective execution is expected to give a positive contribution to their achievement. 2. Outcomes correspond to the three objectives of the NFP related to food availability, food access and food utilisation. The complexity of the determinants of outcome indicators means they are not easily influenced by any single implementing agency. The CIP and the PoA share the same expected outcomes, and so a common set of indicators is used to monitor them. 3. Outputs are medium-term development results. The CIP has outputs linked to its 12 programmes, with 40 sub-outputs under these. For the PoA, its 26 AoI define the output level. Output indicators can be influenced to a large extent by implementing agencies. 4. Inputs into the CIP are the financing and financial execution of projects by the Government and development partners. Inputs into the PoA are multidimensional, flagging over 300 action lines for programmes, policy decisions and implementing actors. Both types of inputs are monitored in this report. Figure 1: CIP and PoA monitoring levels

At each monitoring level indicators were chosen, to the extent possible given data availability, against SMART criteria. These provide targets, baselines and proxy indicators for performance. Minor adjustments have been made to the indicators used in earlier monitoring reports, as specified in the text below and Table 1.

Goal monitoring NFP PoA and the CIP share the same goal: “to ensure dependable food security for all people of the country at all times” . The indicators to monitor progress were specified in the CIP as a refinement and simplification of the one included in the CIP PoA. Moreover, in monitoring progress toward the goal, evidence is given to relevant indicators included in the results framework of the SFYP. One notable change done in MR 2013 that is maintained in MR 2014 and MR 2015 is to set the target for the monitored-year for the ‘Change in national wages expressed in kg of coarse rice (3-year moving average)’ using the 3-year average of real per capita GDP growth plus 0.5, rather than the practice in previous MRs of using the single year real per capita GDP growth.

Outcome monitoring The outcome level is common to both the PoA and the CIP, and so progress at this level is evaluated through a common set of indicators. Efforts were made in the MR 2012 to streamline the indicators used for monitoring the NFP PoA, and this substantially reduced the total number of indicators. Of note, the indicator ‘Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among adolescent girls’, a food utilisation indicator reported in MR 2012, has been dropped from outcome tables since MR 2013, because it was impossible to maintain a consistent and comparable time series - although the indicator is discussed in the text. In order to gauge performance at the action level, highlights are given of recent/planned programmes or policy developments considered most representative of progress towards the achievement of the policy targets. Recommendations to accelerate progress are drawn based on the analysis.

Output monitoring As the CIP is a prioritized coverage of the AoIs in the NFP PoA, the joint monitoring of the two documents used a focused set of indicators, and complemented them with discussions in the text to ensure full monitoring of the broader remit of the PoA. The list of indicators proposed for monitoring at the output level of the CIP and NFP PoA is the result of: 1. An effort to streamline the output level indicators selected for the NFP PoA monitoring exercise in 2010; 2. An effort to reflect the thinking and consensus reached during the extensive consultations with the many stakeholders of the CIP; 3. A methodical examination of all the AoIs of the NFP PoA to ensure that the proposed indicators cover all of them. SMART output indicators were defined for all CIP programmes that were consistent with the output indicators used in the NFP PoA Monitoring Report 2010. The CIP programmes were matched to the NFP PoA AoIs (except for CIP programme 7 which has no PoA counterpart), and this led to the inclusion of a few more indicators for the few NFP PoA AoIs judged to be inadequately monitored by the CIP indicators. Annex 1 presents the result of this exercise, showing the CIP programmes matched to AoIs of the NFP PoA with the indicators used for

4 joint monitoring listed in the column ‘CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators’. Based on experience in MR 2014, a change was made to the output indicators in this report (Table 1). Table 1: Changes to output indicators in MR 2015 compared to MR 2014 CIP PoA AoI MR 2014 MR 2015 Reason Programme Actual closing stock for year ‘X’ (MR 2015) is equal to opening stocks for year ‘X+1’ (MR 2014). This Opening Actual closing figure compares against the budget closing target 1.10/ Stock as % of 8 stock as % of as planned by the Ministry of Food. Considering 1.11 budgeted budget target actual closing stock for year ‘X’ is a more straight target forward approach compared to considering opening stock in year ‘X+1’.

CIP input monitoring The input level monitoring focuses on the financing and financial execution of the CIP. This involves: - Updating the inventory of completed and ongoing projects relevant to the CIP - including projects started before 1 July 2010 and completed after that date, and projects started before 30 June 2015 and to be completed after that date – the two dates being the start and end dates of the CIP, respectively; - Updating the GoB’s needs for funding of projects that are included in the pipeline; - Updating the DPs current commitments, both within and outside the CIP (i.e. projects included or not included in the Annual Development Programme (ADP) of the Government); - Validation of CIP financial data with projects’ data from ADP book, yearly published in April by IMED of the Ministry of Planning, tremendously improved data quality in MR 2014. The validation process has been reinforced in MR 2015 (see section 7.2); - Sustainability of the monitoring process is reflected in MR 2014 and in the current MR 2015. The outreach of the publication expanded involving a wider audience during recent years. The CIP is financed as part of the Government’s ADP. It is presented in this report at project, sub-programme and programme levels. The PoA includes a broader set of actions (for example subsidies and safety nets) which are not covered in the CIP. Inputs for the implementation of the PoA are provided as part of the annual budget of the Government, including both development and revenue expenditure, of relevant Ministries. For this reason this report also presents - under section 7.1 - a review of recent trends in food security and nutrition spending in the national budget. The baseline CIP and its annual revisions are published in Annex 3.1 of this report. The monitoring exercise takes stock of the progress in implementation, and updates the CIP to ensure that it evolves as a ‘living document’ 2.

The institutional setting for monitoring Bangladesh has a composite institutional structure for coordinating, implementing and monitoring the NFP and the CIP (Figure 2). This includes at its top the Cabinet level Food Planning and Monitoring Committee (FPMC) 3, chaired by the Food Minister and with

2 GoB (June 2011) Bangladesh Country Investment Plan – A Road Map towards Investment in Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition p. 1. 3 The FPMC is recently reconstituted and chaired by the Minister of Food and includes the following: Ministers of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives, Ministry of Disaster

5 membership of various Ministers and Secretaries. This Committee provides strategic orientation on food security issues and establishes a high-level commitment to inter- sectoral collaboration. The National Committee (NC) 4 also chaired by the Food Minister is composed of the Secretaries of the various concerned divisions, Heads of Universities/Research Institutions, DPs, private sector and other Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Among other tasks, the NC oversees CIP implementation and monitoring processes. The Food Policy Working Group (FPWG) 5 is the mechanism for coordinating collaboration at the technical and operational level through Figure 2: Institutional framework the four Thematic Teams (TTs) 6 that carry out the monitoring process of the NFP PoA and the CIP consistently with monitoring of progress towards MDG-1. The FPMU provides support to these institutions acting as the secretariat of the various committees and providing technical and operational support to the FPWG and TTs. In addition to this, GoB agencies involved in running programmes pertaining to the CIP (over 30) and the DPs collaborating under the Local Consultative Group for Agriculture, Food Security and Rural Development provide inputs towards the financial monitoring section. GoB’s annual monitoring of the NFP PoA and CIP provides a systematic tracking of financial resources for agriculture, food security and nutrition which encompass nutrition sensitive and nutrition specific investments being monitored through the CIP. The analysis of nutrition- relevant budget allocations, the resource utilization and progress is carried out by the thematic teams represented from 16 different ministries, departments and agencies who have been collectively involved in this exercise. A chapter on calculations and projections on financing under the CIP articulates the details. As 2015 is the culminating year for the CIP, this report providing comparative and overall estimates of incremental changes in investments and the delivery on nutrition outcomes through both nutrition specific and sensitive programmes.

Lessons from monitoring report 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Management and Relief; Secretaries of Cabinet Division, Internal Resources Division, Finance Division, Statistics and Informatics Division, Food, Women and Children Affairs, Disaster Management and Relief, Health and Family Welfare, Agriculture, and Fisheries and Livestock. Director General FPMU will act as the Member-Secretary of the Committee and FPMU will provide secretarial support to the committee. 4 The NC is chaired by the Minister of Food and includes the following: Secretaries from the Ministry of Finance (Finance and Economic Relations divisions), MoHFW, MoA, MoFL, MoWR, MoDMR, MoFood and IMED; members from the Planning Commission (General Economics Division and Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division); and the Vice Chancellor of BAU, Executive Chairman of BARC, President of FBCCI, Mission Director of USAID, Representative of FAO, Director General of BIDS, Country Director of World Bank and Chief of Party of IFPRI. 5 The FPWG is chaired by the Secretary Ministry of Food and includes representatives from the Planning Commission (General Economics Division, Socio-economic Infrastructure Division and Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division), Ministry of Finance (Finance Division and Economic Relations Division), IMED, and FPMU-MoFood. 6 Annex 2 provides the structure and list of Ministries/agencies participating in the TTs.

Lessons from the previous four monitoring reports in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 inform the approach established through the monitoring process. All reports adopted a similar results- based monitoring approach, as described above. The main difference between the 2010 and 2012 monitoring reports was that the MR 2010 monitored only the NFP PoA because the CIP had not been developed at that stage, while the MR 2012 was the first joint-monitoring of the NFP PoA and the CIP. The MR 2013, MR 2014 and MR 2015 also jointly monitor the NFP PoA and CIP. Some lessons from previous experiences applied to this report include: - Shortened duration of the MR production process to permit better use of its findings in the budgetary and planning process for 2015/16; - Better defined roles, responsibilities and participation of TTs’ members from partner ministries and divisions – teamwork has proven instrumental to quality and transfer of capacities; - Incorporation of feedback from a wider range of stakeholders, including a stakeholder consultation; and - Rebalanced contents to make more systematic use of the financial database, thus linking the CIP investments more closely to PoA programmes, and thereby tying the assessment of inputs into the PoA to the assessment of results from the PoA.

3. Progress towards NFP goals and outcomes

3.1. NFP goals

The overarching goal of the National Food Policy is “to ensure dependable food security for all people of the country at all times” . Food security encompasses many issues ranging from food production, food access and distribution to food utilization, nutrition and health status of individuals. Improving nutrition contributes directly to increased labour productivity, and indirectly to improved life expectancy – by reducing disease and mortality - which in turn fosters faster economic growth. Enhanced school performance, cognitive development, as well as reduction in health care related cost are other positive outcomes. The achievement of nutritional well being requires an overall improvement across the lifespan, with a focus on the most vulnerable groups such as mothers and young children, particularly in the first 1,000 days of life. Table 2: NFP goal and SFYP indicators relating to food security 2007/08 2009/10 Target (PoA (CIP/SFYP 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source 2015 baseline) baseline) NFP & CIP Goal Undernourishment 17%

(three year 15.4% 15.5% 15.1% 15.7% 16.3% 16.7% FAO, SOFI (MDG -1) average) Underweight (0 to 41.00% 36.40% 35.10% 32.6% 33% 8 BDHS, 7 na na 59 months) BDHS BDHS UESD BDHS (MDG -1) UESD Stunting (0 -59 43.20% 41.30% 38.70% 36.1% 10 BDHS, 9 na na 38% months) BDHS BDHS UESD BDHS UESD Sixth Five Year Plan BBS Rate of growth of Yearbook agricultural GDP in 2.94% 7.13% 4.34% 2.69% 2.17% 4.3% 4.30% of constant prices 11 Agricultural Statistics Government Finance spending on social na 2.42% 2.64% 2.40% 2.23% 2.26% 3.00% Division, protection as % of MoF GDP 12 Poverty headcount BBS, HIES index (CBN upper 40.10% 31.50% na na na na 29%

(2005) (2010) (MDG-1) Report poverty line) BBS Change in national ≥ real Statistical wages expressed GDP Yearbook in kg of coarse rice -8.11% 5.71% 7.73% 7.10% 5.84% 9.65% /cap (wages) (3-year moving growth DAM average) +0.5 (prices)

7 Prevalence estimates for underweight are based on the 2006 WHO reference standards. 8 The MDG-1 underweight target is based on the 2006 WHO standard. Before this was established, the NCHS standard was used in 1990 to set a MDG underweight target at 33%. The NCHS standard results in higher levels of underweight and lower levels of stunting than the WHO standard. 9 Prevalence estimates for stunting are based on the 2006WHO reference standards. 10 Revised 2016 HPNSDP target. 11 The agricultural GDP includes crop, horticulture, fishery and animal products, but excludes forestry. 12 The definition of social protection used here includes cash and non-cash transfers, microcredit and programmes for social empowerment – and it corresponds to the broadest definition used by the Ministry of Finance, called “Social Protection & Empowerment” in budgetary reports, and corresponds to the definition used in the SFYP, pp.162-163.

Progress towards the NFP goal is measured by three nutrition relevant indicators. The selection of these indicators is consistent with other national development targets such as the MDG and those of the Sixth Five Year Plan. The three indicators are prevalence of undernourishment, child underweight and child stunting. Reducing child underweight by half the level of 1990 is part of tracking MDG 1 until 2015, the end line of implementation of the NFP PoA and CIP. While the MDG 1 target for prevalence of undernourishment 13 (PoU) was achieved in early 2000s, the declines thereafter have been uneven and started to rise slightly in the last 3-4 years. However, the indicator slightly worsened for the fourth consecutive year reaching 16.7% in 2013/14 from 16.3% in 2012/13 (Table 2), showing a deterioration of nutritional status, but is notably lower than MDG target, 17%. The PoU does not capture individual dietary energy requirement which depends on body mass, level of physical activity and the degree of efficiency in the metabolism of food 14 . Moreover, quantity of food consumed needs to be estimated through food expenditures from Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES) and from food balance sheets which are then converted into calorie equivalents and used in a parametric distribution of the representative individual food consumption. While PoU represents a useful proxy for normative energy requirement standards and ensures a certain degree of cross-country comparability, it does not account for dietary quality and intake of protein and essential micronutrients. This aspect is captured by the nutritional status of an individual which is influenced by the quantity and quality of food intake, physical health as well as the result of many inter-related factors . The two age- specific indicators: child underweight (low weight-for-age) and stunting (low height-for-age) are monitored to assess the trend in child undernutrition that also reflect the nutritional status of a country. Child nutritional status (0 to 59 months) is impacted by dietary diversity, micronutrient deficiency, poor sanitation and use of unsafe water. To this end, these anthropometric indicators serve as a proxy for nutritional wellbeing of the entire population. Further, stunting in the first 24 months of life is associated with reduced stature in adulthood 15 . Child underweight and stunting declined both since the 2007/08 baselines: as of 2012/13 the Utilization of Essential Service Delivery (UESD) Survey estimates child underweight at 35.1% and child stunting at 38.7%, and a further decline in child underweight to 32.6% percent and stunting to 36.1% in 2014, according to the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Underweight prevalence rates fell sharply between 1992 and 2004. Notably, the levels of underweight markedly declined from 43 percent in 2004 to 33 percent in 2014. The MDG-1 child underweight goal – is to halve rates of child underweight from 66% in 1990 to 33% by 2015 and this has been met. Likewise, the HPNSDP targets for 2016 are 38% for stunting and 33% for underweight. The 2014 BDHS data show that these targets have been achieved (Table 2).

13 The PoU indicator is measured in terms of level of dietary consumption (1) that would be observed on a randomly selected individual in the population against a threshold called minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER) (2) for the same population. The indicator does not account for intra-household food allocation and is not meant to register short terms shocks or its source (such as price volatility and trade shocks). 14 Cafiero (2014), Advance in hunger measurement – Traditional FAO methods and recent innovations . 15 Stein AD et al (2010) Growth patterns in early adulthood and final attained stature: Data from vive birth cohorts from low and middle income countries. American Journal of Human Biology 22: 353-359

As regards child stunting which reflects chronic malnutrition, a sustained decline has been noted from 54.6 percent in 1997 to 36.1 percent in 2014 (Table 3). Recent analyses 16 show strong associations between household assets, large gains in parental education and child growth outcomes, notably stunting reduction. The two main drivers of change are rapid asset accumulation and large gains in parental education. Other factors likely to have influenced child nutrition include improved access to antenatal and neonatal health services, large improvements in access to toilets, piped water, and demographic change in the form of reduced fertility rates and longer birth intervals. Additionally pro poor multi sectoral policies that have successfully addressed many –but not all – of the multiple constraints on child growth could be responsible for the progress. Table 3: Changes in mean child stunting prevalence rates (%), BDHS Year Total Rural Urban 1997 54.6 56.2 39.4 2000 44.7 46.6 35 .0 2004 43.0 44.3 37.6 2007 43.2 45.0 36.4 2011 41.3 42.7 36.2 2014 36.1 37.9 30.8 Change / difference 18.5 % points 18.3 % points 8.6 % points Change (%) -33.9 % -32.6% -21.8% Source: Authors’ calculations The linkage between undernourishment at population level and undernutrition at child level is the continuum that encompasses adequacy of dietary energy supply and the manifestation of growth across young children as measured by weight and height. While Bangladesh has made progress in reducing child undernutrition substantially since the mid 1990s, the same has not translated in the reduction of population undernourishment. To monitor progress towards NFP goals, four other indicators included in the Result Framework of the Sixth Five Year Plan (SFYP) are also discussed (Table 2). Agricultural GDP growth bounced from 2.17% in 2012/13 to 4.3% in 2013/14, which corresponds Figure 3: Upper and lower poverty line in 2005 to the target. Notably, Government and 2010 for male and female headed spending on social protection as a share households 45% of GDP slightly increased to 2.26% in 41% 32% 2013/14, though remaining below the 30% 30% 25% 27% 2015 target of 3% (Table 2). 22% 18% 15% Available data on poverty show a 15% decline from 40% in 2005 to 32% in

2010 (8 percentage points), a level 0% closer to the MDG target (29%). At 2005 2010 divisional level, the most pronounced Upper/Lower Poverty line poverty decline was registered in Male (upper) Female (upper) Rajshahi and Khulna (30 percentage Male (lower) Female (lower) points), while the less pronounced in Source: BBS (2010) Dhaka division (4 percentage points). Rangpur and Barisal remain the poorest divisions. Looking at gender-specific poverty data, interestingly, female-headed households were found to be less poor than male-headed ones (Figure 3). This might be due to remittances

16 LANSA (2015). The other Asian Enigma :Explaining the rapid reduction of undernutrition in Bangladesh.

11 coming from male households members migrated (internally or overseas) to find better earning opportunities 17 . National rice wage - a measure of the purchasing power of wage earners - increased from 5.8% to 9.7%, during the period 2012/13–2013/14 (Table 2), which was largely above the target. This implies that access to staple food improved remarkably during the period. The agriculture sector, which represents the main source of food and nutrients, is a broad- based source of income and serves as one of the key determinants of food prices in the country. While producing more food through increasing yields is a commendable outcome, it is alone inadequate to improve the nutritional status in Bangladesh. Agriculture related interventions 18 have the potential to be a strong driver for enhancing nutritional status, for instance by diversifying production aimed at improving the nutrient output of farming systems and in turn enhancing diversified food consumption and improving diets. This potential is currently far from being realized. However, neither agricultural growth nor non-agricultural growth is sufficient to reduce child malnutrition, due to limiting non-income factors such as disease burden, inappropriate child care and related factors. A diet which is adequate in quantity (energy) and quality (nutrients) is necessary but in itself not sufficient to ensure adequate nutrition. A child weakened by ill health and disease (e.g. diarrhea) will not absorb sufficient nutrients as an immediate level dietary intake and health status interact in a virtuous cycle. Another key dimension of nutrition is the life cycle. Growth policies need to be accompanied by strategic investments in complementary sectors (health, education, trade and transport) and targeted nutrition and health programmes that impact the human life span. In addition, even though positively correlated, improvements in nutritional status do not necessarily keep the pace of poverty reduction 19 . Economic growth, averaging 6% per annum in recent years, plays an important role in improving nutritional outcomes. The process of improvement is, however, very slow, given that the impact of increase in income is only marginally reflected into improvements in child stunting 20 ; non-income factors are essential in reducing stunting. Failing to address malnutrition has high costs in terms of higher budget outlays - especially for health but also for education sectors as malnourished children have poorer schooling outcomes - as well as loss of GDP. Annually, Bangladesh loses over 700 million USD in GDP to vitamin and mineral deficiencies, while scaling up core micronutrient interventions would cost less than 65 Million USD per year 21 . According to the PROFILES estimates, for each USD invested over the period 2011 – 2021, a net benefit of 6.7 USD could be generated by 2021 22 . Another study estimates the median value of benefits as 18 times higher than the related costs of investing in stunting in Bangladesh 23 .

17 Talukder R. K. et al. (2014), Seventh Five Year Plan Background Paper on Food Security and Nutrition . 18 Agricultural related interventions can be either i) direct including bio-fortification, home gardening, aquaculture, small scale fisheries, poultry development, animal husbandry, and dairy development or ii) indirect such as, irrigation, watershed development, land reforms, agricultural extension, and food processing and storage (Massett E. et al. (2011), Effectiveness of agricultural interventions that aim to improve nutritional status of children: systematic review). 19 Lens E. C. and Barrett C. B. (2013), The economics and nutritional impacts of food assistance policies and programs. Food Policy, Volume 42, October 2013, Pages 151–163. 20 Svedberg P. (2004), Has the Relationship Between Child Undernutrition and Income Changed? A Cross-country Investigation. 21 UNICEF and Micronutrient Initiative (2004). Vitamin and mineral deficiency a global progress report . 22 FANTA/FHI360/MoHFW,GoB, Howlader S R et al. (2012) Investing in Nutrition Now: A Smart Start for Our Children, Our Future. Estimates of Benefits and Costs of a Comprehensive Programmefor Nutrition in Bangladesh, 2011-21 . 23 Hoddinott J. et al. (2013), The Economic Rationale for Investing in Stunting Reduction. GCC Working Paper Series, GCC 13-08.

The high cost of malnutrition for public budgets suggests there is a need to raise public attention and investment on nutrition specific and sensitive interventions, as economic growth alone is not sufficient to address malnutrition.

3.2. NFP Objective 1 outcomes

Objective 1 of the NFP is to ensure adequate and stable supply of safe and nutritious food. It is monitored through the indicators reported in Table 4. Agricultural GDP measures changes in both quantity and value of food supply. Instability of rice production gives a measurement of the magnitude of the variability in the production of national staple food, while rice import dependency defines the degree of self-sufficiency reached for rice. The share of rice value added in total food value added represents a proxy for production differentiation.

3.2.1. Assessment Table 4: NFP Objective 1: Selected performance indicators

CIP/NFP PoA output 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Target Source proxy indicators

Rate of growth of Yearbook of agricultural GDP in 2.94% 5.24% 2.69% 2.17% 4.3% 4.3% Agricultural constant prices Statistics, BBS Rice import 4.20% 3.31% 2.37% 2.29% 0.94% 0% FPMU/MIS, BBS dependency 24 Yearbook of Instability of rice 4.09% 4.07% 3.04% 2.91% 2.86% 0% Agricultural production 25 Statistics, BBS Share of rice value added Yearbook of Decreasing in total food value added 39.84% 40.29% 39.94% 38.45% 37.84% Agricultural (R) (R) (P) over time in current price Statistics , BBS R: Revised; P: Provisional

Agricultural GDP growth accelerates and diversification continues In FY 2013/14, agricultural GDP registered a remarkable 4.3% growth, increasing from 2.17% of previous year, though still below target (4.3% in 2013/14) for a third consecutive year (Table 4). The achievement of the non-crop sector largely contributed to the accelerated growth namely, fishery (6.5%), and livestock (2.8%) sectors performed largely better than the crop (1.9%) sector. These results suggest a changing pattern in the composition of agricultural GDP and diversification from crop (particularly rice) based agriculture. In particular, the growing fishery sector generated more than 25% of the agricultural value added, benefitting from a structural transformation towards an organized and market- oriented aquaculture system (see Programme 4). While diversification in production continued, it represents a big challenge especially in the northern part of the country as most northern districts and upazilas are deficit in fish, eggs, meat and milk production, while are self-sufficient for rice. Moreover, the relatively lower water endowment in the north would suggest that less water intensive crops should ideally be grown instead of rice (see programme 2).

24 It is a 3-year moving average of the ratio between (imports) and (net production + imports – export). 25 Measured by a de-trended 10-year coefficient of variation: the difference between annual production and its 10-year rolling linear trend.

Rice import dependency Figure 4: Public and private rice imports and import continued to decline dependency

Rice import dependency - 4000 8% measured as a three year 3500 7% moving average – dropped 3000 6% to 0.9% in 2013/14 from 2.3% in the previous year, 2500 5% continuing its steady decline 2000 4% 1500 3%

from 4% registered in MT Thousands 1000 2% 2007/08 (Figure 4). This dependency Import trend is in line with the rice 500 1% self-sufficiency policy. While 0 0% 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 rice import remained low in ------2013/14, it increased, 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 largely driven by private Private Public Import Dependency imports (99%), up to nearly Source: DG Food 375,000 MT, by more than 347,000 MT compared to 2012/13. The strong Bangladeshi Taka and high international transportation costs, which caused domestic rice price to be uncompetitive in border districts, may have contributed to this increasing trend (Figure 4)26 .

Instability of rice production remained unchanged The instability of rice production 27 remained substantially unchanged in 2013/14 at 2.9% compared to the previous year (Table 4). Rice production increased by around 1.5% in 2013/14 against a slight decline registered in Figure 5: Rice production and its instability in Bangladesh 2012/13 (0.2%). The slight 40000 9 reduction in acreage (0.5%) 35000 8 suggests that gains in 30000 7 6 production are derived from 25000 5 higher yields (Figure 5). Aus 20000 production increased by 8% 4

Thousand MT Thousand 15000 3 which sums up to aman and (%) Instability 10000 boro production increases 2 5000 by 1% each. The trend is 1 largely pulled by boro 0 0 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 production, which has been ------consistently increasing since 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 the mid-1990s Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4 compensating for Source: BBS fluctuations in both aus and aman production (Figure 5).

Share of rice value added continued to decline In 2013/14, the share of rice value added in total food value added, measured at current price, decreased to a provisional 37.8% down from 38.5% registered in 2012/13. This

26 Global Information and Agricultural Network, 2014 Grain and Feed Annual Report, March 2014. 27 Rice production instability is measured by the coefficient of variation of the difference between production and rolling linear trend over a ten-year period.

14 suggests that diversification in production is consistently continuing over the two latest financial years, although at a slower pace than diversification in consumption (see programme 10): with reduced per capita consumption of rice and increased consumption of high value food items, such as meat, fish, milk and edible oil 28 .

Food grain price volatility stabilized Figure 6: Real prices of rice and wheat after the 2007/08 food price crisis 5,500 The food grain real prices registered a mixed trend, increasing for rice while 4,500 decreasing for wheat, over 2013/14 3,500 (Figure 6). Food grain price volatility 29

declined after picking during the quintal per Taka 2,500 2007/08 food price crisis. Figure 7 shows a certain trend in the fluctuations with 1,500 prices cyclically more volatile around May-June. While the overall situation in terms of price stability is encouraging, Rice Wheat Source: DAM the negative impact of river erosion, localized floods, and saltwater intrusion, exacerbated by the negative effects of climate change, continue to represent a threat for agricultural production and price stability, especially in the south.

Persisting agricultural trade deficit The trade deficit in agricultural sector accounted for 7 billion USD in 2011 30 , and was forecasted to increase in the following years. However, encouraging results have been registered for the export of fishery products which showed an increasing trend in both quantity and value (programme 4). Bangladesh is the fourth largest producer of aquaculture products (i.e. fish, crustaceans, mollusks, etc.) Figure 7: Volatility of rice and wheat prices 31 in the world . Overall, 0.00014 fishery commodities are the second largest export items 0.00012 after ready-made garments, 0.00010 generating around 458 0.00008 million USD (shrimps 0.00006 accounts for more than 80%) 0.00004 in 2013/14. This figure compares against 360 Varioation of Coefficient 0.00002 million USD generated from 0.00000 06 06 07 07 08 08 09 09 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 ------export of other agricultural ------Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul products, such as Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan vegetables, tobacco, cut Rice Wheat 32 flowers and fruits . In Source: Calculating DAM data

28 Agriculture Sector Development Strategy: background paper for the 7th Five Year Plan. 29 Price volatility is computed through the coefficient of variation of prices (CV): logarithm of the Standard deviation of price divided by logarithm of the mean. 30 This section is normally analysed through FAOSTAT data. However, as of May 2015, FAOSTAT data only covered 2011. 31 FAO, 2012. FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, Aquaculture Production, 2012. (ftp://ftp.fao.org/fi/stat/summary/a-4.pdf) 32 http://www.bangladesh-bank.org/econdata/bop/exp_rcpt_merchandise.php 15 particular, prawn and shrimp production is of particular importance as the sector provides employment to about 1.2 million people, with 4.8 million household members depending on the sector 33 . In order to support exports, markets and quality standards of importing countries need to be analyzed. However, the rapid expansion of shrimp production over the last twenty years has led to a growing concern because of resource use conflicts, adverse effect on the environment and socio-economic conditions of people in the coastal region (programme 2).

3.2.2.Issues and policy challenges

Implement the National Agricultural Policy 2013 The recently approved National Agricultural Policy (NAP, 2013) aims to ensure food and nutrition security for all and to generate employment opportunities through increased productivity, agricultural diversification and income generation. Increased crop production critically depends on key factors including good quality seeds, efficient irrigation management, the use of balanced fertilizers and timely credit availability. The public sector needs to undertake responsibility and ensure accountability of the different actors involved, by strengthening the relevant legal frameworks and its enforcement. Emphasis would need to be given to private sector participation in seed production, marketing and credit provision. To improve income opportunities and ensure food quality and food waste reduction, it is essential to develop agricultural marketing through improved infrastructure and effective food value chain ‘from the farm to the fork’. The policy also suggests establishing local level storage facilities and agro-processing industries. The NAP promotes diversification by increasing area and production of other crops, e.g. potato, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and spices, under the crop diversification programme, which will gradually be extended. The active role of women in different nutrition sensitive agricultural interventions, e.g. homestead gardening, seed production, bee keeping, food processing and storage, needs to be sustained. To this end, the NAP recognized threats to the agricultural sector such as environmental hazards, deteriorating soil quality, continued reduction of arable land and water, loss of agricultural biodiversity, excessive and unbalanced use of pesticides and inadequate budgetary allocation for agricultural research. In particular, the decreasing availability of arable land and increasing degradation of soil health and fertility pose serious threats to sustainable agricultural production.

Promote intensification of rice production Bangladesh has attained self-sufficiency in rice production, resulting from stimulating production growth over the past years. However, the limited availability of land, water (exacerbated by negative effects of climate change) and male labor (due to rural-to-urban migrations) will increasingly make productivity gains more difficult to obtain. Reduction of yield gaps between potential and actual yields is essential in maintaining acceptable production growth. However, in absence of development and diffusion of extra high yield new varieties, sustaining rice self-sufficiency will be challenging. Promoting bio-fortified rice varieties production could also contribute significantly to meeting zinc requirements in the diet.

33 DoF, 2006. Shrimp Sub-strategy, Department of Fisheries, 2006. Matshya Bhaban, Ramna, Dhaka, Bangladesh, p. 48. 16

Sustain the expansion of mechanization Rapid expansion of mechanization could compensate for the shortage of key production factors, draft power and land. Farm mechanization could contribute to productivity gains, increasing input use efficiency (water, seed, fertilizer, land and labor), achieving timeliness of crop production operations and reducing post harvest loss. Selective mechanization based on traditional devices could also represent a cost-effective option. In this context, emphasis needs to be given to the collaborative role of public and private sectors in technology development and diffusion. While the NAP 2013 suggested incentivizing mechanization for instance through import tax exemption, cash incentives and support for applied research, importers still complain about heavy taxation on machineries, and little monetary incentives have been registered.

Provide more incentives for agro-processing industry Food processing including canning of fruits and vegetables, mushroom growing and drying food has considerable potential for income and value addition, provided that quality control is ensured. For realizing the full potential of their production, domestic marketing and export, the Government needs to maintain its current commitment to provide fiscal and budgetary support, and invest in manufacturing and infrastructure. Supporting food processing could stimulate cultivation of vegetables, spices and tropical fruits as key inputs for the industry.

Preserve forest resources for environmental protection The pressure on land due to expansion of crop production activities and climate change is progressively increasing and undermining forest coverage in the country, with consequent loss of biodiversity. Only around 7% of total land area is under forest coverage 34 . Indiscriminate harvest from the forest has been posing threat to local flora and fauna. In particular, jhum cultivation contributed to environmental degradation and to reducing reforestation outcomes in hilly areas. Out of the 250,000 hectares originally targeted for reforestation within the 6 th Five Year Plan, only 26,000 hectares were planted in the hill areas. Moreover, shrimp cultivation threatens mangroves forest ecosystem in the southwest, by increasing soil salinity which leads to percolation into surrounding soils, resulting in modified soil chemistry 35 . Forest management practice in Bangladesh moved from a production-oriented approach towards the so-called community forestry, a more people-centric model designed to support the conservation of forest resources 36 . The Government has amended the Social Forestry Rules (2004), making provision for private investment with improved benefit sharing mechanism 37 . Deforestation, loss of biodiversity and other related socio-environmental externalities need further attention in cross- sectoral policy interventions.

Strengthen the adaptation to climate change impacts While contributing only marginally to greenhouse gas emissions, Bangladesh is heavily affected by climate change impact. In the south, the country suffers from rising sea level, and consequent inundations, salinization of fresh water resources and coastal erosion. In

34 http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0350e/i0350e00.htm 35 S. I. Sohel, H. Ullah (2012). “Ecohydrology: A framework for overcoming the environmental impacts of shrimp aquaculture on the coastal zone of Bangladesh” , Ocean & Coastal Management 63 (2012) 67-78. 36 Jashimuddin M., Inoue M. (2012). “Community Forestry for Sustainable Forest Management: Experiences from Bangladesh and Policy Recommendations” . FORMATH Vol. 11 (2012): 133–166. 37 Agricultural Sector Development Strategy: Background paper for the 7FYP (2015) from MoEF (2011) .

17 the north, low rainfall will continue to cause drought, desertification of Barind area and inadequate ground water replenishment. Due to these factors, a large number of people are prone to displacement and seasonally food insecure. Climate change impacts negatively affect the availability of agricultural factors (e.g. water, land and soil quality), their productivity, as well as agricultural production growth rate. To this end, developing adaptation and resilience measures will be the challenge ahead and will require adequate investments 38 .

3.3. NFP Objective 2 outcomes

Objective 2 of the NFP is to increase purchasing power and access to food. The objective encompasses three broad strategies namely transitory shock management, targeted food assistance programmes and employment generating income growth. The measures to be considered in accomplishing the objective include: (1) special measures for disaster mitigation in agriculture; (2) increased supply of food through market and public distribution; (3) investment in employment generating technologies; (4) education and skill development; (5) support for expansion of rural industries; and (6) special support for women and disabled in income generating activities.

3.3.1. Assessment Table 5: NFP Objective 2: selected performance indicators CIP/NFP PoA output proxy 2007/08 2009/10 2012/13 2013/14 Target Source indicators BBS Statistical Change in national wages 9.58% Yearbook for expressed in kg of coarse rice (3- -8.11% 5.71% 5.84% 9.65% (2013/14) wages and DAM year moving average) wholesale Poverty headcount index (CBN 40% 31.5% 29% na na (2015 MDG1 HIES Reports, BBS upper poverty line) (2005) (2010) Target 1A) Extreme poverty rate (CBN lower 25.1% 17.6% na na Na HIES Reports, BBS poverty line) (2005) (2010)

Poverty gap (CBN upper poverty 9.0% 6.5% 8% na na (2015 MDG1 HIES Reports, BBS (2005) (2010) line) Target 1A) Difference between food and maximum National Accounts general inflation (3-year moving 1.45% 1.36% 0.22% 0.21% 0% Report, BBS average)

Rice wage increased at an increasing rate Rice wage of all wage earners showed a significant increase in 2013/14 (9.65%) compared to 2012/13 (5.84%) on a three year moving average basis, reflecting higher purchasing power of wage earners in all sectors of the economy. This was due to higher increase in the three years average of general wage index compared to the corresponding increase in the national wholesale rice price index (Table 5). This was a contrasting case with what happened in 2007/08 when the rise in price index was much higher than rise in wage index.

38 Agricultural Sector Development Strategy: Background paper for the 7FYP (2015).

As for sector specific changes in nominal wages, Figure 8 shows that the nominal agricultural wage increased sharply from 2002 to 2014. Although the annual average wage increased moderately between 2002 and 2009, a sharp increase was Figure 8: Change in annual average of nominal observed between 2009 and 2010. agricultural wage

In percentage term, annual average 350 wage increase was 115% during the 292* 300 280 later six years (2008-2014) 268 250 232 compared to 90% increase during 210 the former six years (2002-2008) 200 39 Taka/day 152 period . However, the monotonic 150 136 109 95 increase in the nominal wage may 100 85 71 75 76 not have represented persistent 50 increase in the real purchasing 0 power of agricultural workers.

Figure 9 shows that rice wage of * data as of June 2014 agricultural workers had a lot of Source: BBS fluctuations between December 2005 and June 2014. Rice wage decreased from 5.5 Kg of rice per day in December 2005 to 4.5 Kg in June 2008. Between June 2008 and June 2009, rice wage constantly accelerated. With substantial drop in December 2010, rice wage started rising with fluctuations and reached its peak in June 2012 when agricultural workers used to get more than 11 kg of rice per day of work. From June 2012 to June 2014, agricultural rice wage virtually had a decreasing Figure 9: Rice wage of agricultural labourers trend with a lot of 12 fluctuations. However, 8.9 kg of rice per day of agricultural work, as was registered in 10 June 2014, could be considered as a reasonably 8 Kg/day satisfactory level of real wage of agricultural workers. The 6 higher nominal and real wages would provide incentives for agricultural 4 works to remain in agricultural work and thereby would contribute to reduce Source: BBS, DAM rural to urban migration. Poverty declined to achieve the MDG-1 target With decline of poverty rate from 56.6% in 1991/92 to 31.5% in 2010, Bangladesh is considered to be on track of achieving the MDG1 target. The decline in urban poverty from 42.8% to 21.3% during the period reflects that for urban poverty the target was already

39 It needs to be noted that annual agricultural wage contains a great deal of seasonality. Higher wages prevail during land preparation, transplanting and harvesting of the three major rice crops. In other months of cropping activities, agricultural wages remain relatively lower.

19 achieved by 2010. Over the period of last two decades, the decline in poverty was more pronounced for lower line than for upper line poverty (HIES 2010). Also, poverty declined more sharply during the 2000-2010 decade compared to the preceding decade. As for the size of population under poverty, Figure 10 indicates that while population under Figure 10: Changes in the size of poor and rate poverty marginally decreased from of poverty 1991/92 to 1995/96, it marginally 70 56.6 60 increased in 2000 and the decline of 50.1 60 48.9 50 poverty rate was faster from 2005 to 50 40.0 40 41.0 2010. According to Planning Commission 40 31.5 projection, national head count poverty 35.1 34.3 30 30 rate declined to 24.5% in 2014, against 25.1 20 20 40 17.6 the MDG-1 target of 29% in 2015 . million in population 10 10 ofpopulation % Regarding change in poverty based on 0 0 direct calorie intake (DCI), the World 1991 -92 1995 -96 2000 2005 2010 Bank estimates showed that moderate Population below the upper poverty line Population below the lower poverty line Upper poverty line Lower poverty line (absolute) poverty rate corresponding to Source: BBS per capita daily calorie intake less than 2,122 Kcals declined from 44.3% in 2000 to 38.4% in 2010 41 . Thus calorie poverty declined at a much slower pace than income poverty, implying that even the poor people may be diverting proportionately a higher part of their incremental income to non-food items (within the basic need goods bundle) before reaching their (upper line) calorie threshold. The depth of poverty, also called poverty Box 1: Perception based poverty of ethnic and gap, declined substantially over the past non-ethnic households two decades. As can be seen from Table 5, A study in Chittagong Hill Tracts region showed poverty gap decreased from 9.0% in 2005 to that around a third of both ethnic and non-ethnic 6.5% in 2010, against the MDG-1 target of households worried about their next meal. 8.0% by 2015. Thus, the decline in poverty Perception based food insecurity was more severe among ethnic households compared to non-ethnic gap reached the target 5 years earlier than households. Sixty-two percent of the ethnic and the terminal year of MDGs. 70% of the non-ethnic households reported that they could not afford to take balanced meals. Poverty and food security is also measured Moreover, 31% and 50% of ethnic and non-ethnic using perception based data. Flood coping households, respectively, relied on less expensive strategies among ultra-poor households foods on a daily basis as a coping strategy during were examined 42 in two flood prone areas, food shortage periods. which showed that the poor households had Promoting shifting cultivation, planting of fruit orchard, strengthening market linkages and small- better food security during May and June, scale creek dams are some of the strategies that the months coinciding with boro rice warrant policy attention. harvest in the areas. The challenges of food Source: Jamaluddin et al. (2010). Identifying Livelihood security during the flooding period (July and Patterns of Ethnic Minorities and their Coping Strategies. NFPCSP/FAO supported research. August) improved during the time of harvest of winter rice (November and December), with provision of better employment

40 Bangladesh Country Report 2013. SAARC Development Goals. General Economics Division, Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh. June 2014. 41 World Bank (2013). Bangladesh Poverty Assessment: Assessing a Decade of Progress in Reducing Poverty 2000-1010. World Bank, Dhaka Office. June 2013. 42 Rahman, M. H. (2010). Ultra Poor Households’ Flood Coping Strategies towards Food Security in Two Flood Prone Regions. NFPCSP-FAO supported research.

20 opportunities for the day labourers. A perception based poverty profile of the ethnic and non-ethnic households in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region is presented in Box 1.

Food inflation remained above general inflation The difference between food and general inflation marginally reduced to 0.21% in 2013/14 from 0.22% in 2012/13 on a three year moving average basis (Table 5). The difference widened in 2007/08 because of galloping food inflation during the year. Figure 11 shows that the difference narrowed in September 2009, widened in March 2011, converged in December 2011 and December 2012 and again widened in March 2014. Food and non-food inflation exhibited wide fluctuations over the past five years. After the deep plunge in June 2009, food inflation had major fluctuations with rising trend up to March 2011. For the whole period from Sept 2009 to Sept 2011, food inflation remained above the non-food inflation, with general inflation having a Figure 11: Point to point general, food and non food rising trend. From December inflation

2011 to September 2012, the 15 situation was reverse, with food inflation remaining below 12 non-food and general inflations and the general 9 inflation having a downward 6 trend. After December 2012, % price inflation price % food inflation again went 3 above non-food inflation and remained so up to June 2014. 0 09 09 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 09 10 11 12 13 ------During this period, food - - - - - Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec inflation had lesser fluctuation Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar General Food Non food than non-food inflation, Source: BBS, DAM causing general inflation to remain relatively stable. The rising prices for rice, which has higher weight in the food price index, may have caused the food inflation to remain higher during the 2013/14 period. As would be evident from Figure 26 (Programme 6), price of coarse rice persistently increased from February 2013 to February 2014.

3.3.2 Issues and policy challenges Strengthen the right to food The right to food implies that the society/Government is obliged to provide food to people for survival. The right to food is established in Article 11 of 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 43 . In Bangladesh, the framework for right to food is provided by Article 15(a) of the National Constitution whereby the Government is committed to implement the basic provisions of the right to food. The right to food is closely linked to the idea of moral economy which can be summarized as a set of ideas about the right to subsistence even during crisis, and the responsibility of the public authority is to protect that right.

43 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right to food.

Bangladesh has a well articulated food policy framework. The National Food Policy (NFP) was approved in 2006. The National Food Policy Plan of Action (NFP PoA) was subsequently prepared for the period 2008-2015 which provided the framework for implementing the NFP along with result monitoring. Several food based programmes have been adopted and implemented to improve food security situation of the poor. However, these measures and actions do not constitute a right-based approach. The goals and targets of policies and programmes should be in conformity with the targets to which the state commits in the process of signing various human rights instruments44 . The existing laws on food are concerned more with food safety and are not formulated on a 'rights-based' approach. The Government would need to enshrine food as a fundamental right, where a Framework law on Right to Food is deemed necessary to realize this right 45 .

Promote rural non-farm employment The structure of employment in rural areas exhibited significant change over the last decade. Empirical analysis using HIES and Labour Force Survey (LFS) data showed that the growth of employment in agriculture and rural non-farm activities (RNA) was 8 percent and 25.5 percent respectively during 2006-2010 period. The analysis also showed that during the 2000 to 2010 period, share of agricultural income decreased from 49.9 percent to 47.8 percent, while RNA’s share increased from 50.1 percent to 52.2 percent 46 . In view of the shrinking future employment opportunities in agriculture resulting from declining availability of land and increasing mechanization, policies need to support further expansion of non-farm employment opportunities in rural areas.

Improve income distribution Although head count poverty rate declined appreciably over the last decade, there has been little improvement in income distribution situation in the country. In fact overall Gini coefficient slightly increased from 0.451 in 2000 to 0.467 in 2005 and then marginally decreased to 0.458 in 2010, representing marginal improvement during the latter part of the decade. Although overall income distribution situation was slightly better in rural than in urban areas, rural areas experienced worsening of income distribution between 2000 and 2010 (Gini coefficient increasing from 0.39 to 0.43) compared to urban areas where income distribution moderately improved, as indicated of the decline of Gini coefficient from 0.50 to 0.45 during the period. While policy attention is required to address the issue of high income inequality, attention needs to be given to the worsening of income distribution situation in rural areas, which has implication for the poorest and vulnerable population.

Strengthen emergency food distribution system in alignment with NSPS Food grain distribution through PFDS increased from 2.1 million tons in 2012/13 to 2.2 million tons in 2013/14. Distribution through VGF, TR and GR in 2013/14 was 3.44 lakh, 4.11 lakh and 0.5 lakh metric tons respectively which were higher than distribution through the respective channels in 2012/13. Distribution through these channels needs to be strengthened, particularly following disasters 47 . Under the new NSPS, the Government will

44 Shahabuddin,Q. (2010). The Right to Food: Bangladesh Perspectives. The Bangladesh Development Studies, Vol. 33, No: 1&2. 45 Farque, A.A. (2014). From Basic Need to Basic Right: Right to Food in Context: A Study prepared for National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh. June 2014, Dhaka. 46 Rahman, R. I (2014): Growth of Rural Non-farm Activities in Bangladesh: Implications for Household Income and Employment. BIDS Policy Brief No. 1404. April 2014. 47 This is important because in times of sudden disasters, media reports quite often allege that coverage and magnitudes of food and non- food relief remains inadequate.

22 gradually convert the food-based transfer programmes into cash-based ones in line with the life-cycle based approach. However, the need for some food-based safety net programmes including distribution of readymade/cooked foods will continue to remain to address specific circumstances arising out of natural disasters 48 . Since the Government is planning to expand food storage capacity for maintaining higher stocks to meet the emergency and other needs, provision should be made for periodic rotation of stocks, and in-kind distribution mechanisms would have to be designed accordingly.

Improve food access in disadvantaged areas In analyzing food access, the regional and seasonal dimensions need to be considered. There are areas which remain chronically or seasonally disadvantaged in accessing food. Cyclone, flood, river erosion and other natural disasters cause some areas to remain chronically and seasonally disadvantaged. One typical case is the water logged areas in the southern region. Long term inundation prevents cultivation of most of the crops, resulting in significant loss to households in the water logged areas. The effects include reduced incomes, poor dietary diversity and seasonal migration. One empirical investigation in a water logged area in Satkhira district showed that households at the better off end of the wealth spectrum were able to switch from crop production to aquaculture. Other households at the lower end of the wealth spectrum lacked human, financial and political capital to be able to engage in new opportunities 49 . Government and non-Government initiatives are required to improve the wealth holding status of poor households (e.g. improved access to credit) in the disadvantaged areas.

[Stabilize food prices Food price fluctuations affect both producers and consumers of food products. As has been observed, food prices remained below non-food prices during almost the entire period of 2012, both prices having moderate fluctuations with downward trend. From early 2013, food prices started remaining above non-food prices, with non-food prices having a moderate downward trend. Both prices remained relatively stable over the recent past months. Information from the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh showed that while prices of coarse rice and atta increased marginally, those for soybean oil and pulses decreased marginally during the fiscal year 2013/14. A moderate price increase was observed for spices and condiments. Although food prices have remained relatively stable over the past one year, overall food inflation has remained above non-food inflation. Since poor people spend major share of their income on food, stability of food prices needs to be maintained at a lower level than what has been prevailing over the recent past months.

3.4. NFP Objective 3 outcomes

3.4.1. Assessment Objective 3 of the NFP is to ensure adequate nutrition for all individuals, especially women and children. The assessment of the progress considers dietary energy supply and intake,

48 There have been occasions following disasters when cash assistance did not prove to be effective, rather distribution of dry and cooked foods had to be practiced quite extensively. 49 Measuring the Impact of Water Logging on Household Economies Satkhira, Bangladesh. Food Security Cluster: Strengthening Humanitarian Response. Nov, 2014.

23 chronic energy deficiency among women, proportion of children having minimum acceptable diet, and micronutrient status including iodine and iron (Table 6). Progress on other nutrition indicators is discussed in other sections of this report, notably underweight and stunting under ‘Goals’ and wasting under Programme 10. Table 6: NFP Objective 3: selected performance indicators CIP/NFP PoA output 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Target source proxy indicators 78.1 National dietary energy 78.3 76.9 77.0 60 FAO - (av. 2005- na (av.2007-09) (av. 2008-10) (av. 2009-11) (recommended) supply from cereals (%) 07) RAP National dietary energy BBS, 73 na 70 na n.a. 60 intake from cereals (%) (2005) (2010/11) (recommended) HIES Chronic energy deficiency prevalence BDHS, 33.0 na 24.2 20.3 17.0 20 by 2015 among women (BMI (BDHS) (BDHS) (FSNSP) (FSNSP) FSNSP <18.5) (%) Proportion of children receiving minimum 21 31.7 23.0% 52 by 2016 BDHS, na* na (HPNSDP- (BDHS) (UESD) (BDHS) acceptable diet at 6-23 MoHFW) UESD months of age (%)

Proportion of BDHS, households consuming na na 82.3 80.3 81.0 100 NMSS, (BDHS) (NMSS) (BSCIC) iodized salt (%) BSCIC

*This was 42% in 2007 and 37% in 2011 using the less restricted definition of minimum acceptable diet as per WHO recommendations.

Slow decline in dietary energy supply from cereals The contribution of cereals to Dietary Energy Supply (DES) has declined very slowly since the mid 1990s falling from 79.6% in 1995/96 to 78.1% in 2005/07, 78.3% in 2007/09, 76.9% in 2008/10 and 77.0% in 2009/11 (Table 6). The agricultural production data shows that increase in rice production and cereals supply improved faster than population. While overall food and energy supply has improved considerably in the last two decades, and there is improved adequacy of dietary energy, the food supply diversification shows stagnancy.

Improvement in dietary diversity Figure 12: Trends in women’s dietary Nutrition-sensitive agriculture interventions diversity score, 2011-2013 intimately influence the diversity of diets. Accordingly, individual dietary diversity or the number of food groups consumed by an individual in a set period of time, provides a measure of both quantity and quality of food eaten, thereby giving an indication of the overall nutrient adequacy of the dietary intake at a population level 50 . The dietary diversity score for women 51 between 2011 and 2013 (Figure 12) shows Source: FSNSP, 2012, 2013

50 Arimond, M, et al. (2009). Dietary diversity as a measure of micronutrient adequacy of women’s diet: Result from rural Bangladesh site. Washington DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project (FANTA), Academy for Educational Development. 51 A nine-item (food groups) scale questionnaire previously developed has been used to ascertain the quality of a woman’s diet in light of her nutritional needs and validated for women in Bangladesh. This scale has been revised to include ten item food groups since July 2014.

24 an incremental trend in women’s dietary diversity at divisional levels. Over a fourth (29%) of women consumed in the previous 24 hours more than four food groups out of nine, compared to those consuming fewer than four food groups. The western divisions of Khulna, Rajshahi, and Rangpur showed poorer dietary diversity scores than other divisions. At the national level between 2011 and 2013 there has been little change with the mean dietary diversity score increasing by a little less than 0.05 points annually. However, the mean dietary diversity score in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas with less than 50% of women consuming inadequate diets in urban areas.

Decline in chronic energy deficiency among women Working efficiency, productivity and limited resilience to health and stresses are linked to chronic energy deficiency (CED). While BDHS 2011 reported the proportion of women with underweight or CED (BMI<18.5) at 24%, FSNSP updates shows a decline in CED prevalence from 23% in 2011/12, to 20% in 2012/13, and to 17% in 2013/14 (Table 6). For the first time in 2011, FSNSP reported that the number of overweight women surpassed the number of underweight women. The proportion of overweight (BMI>23) showed an Figure 13: Trends in ever-married women’s increasing trend from 18% in 2004 to nutritional status, 2004-2013

30% in 2011/12 to 35% in 2012/13 and 40% 39% to 39% in 2013/14 (Figure 13). The 36% 35% proportion of urban women in the most 33% 39% severe category for obesity has 30% 30% 25% increased by three percentage points 23% 22% 20% between 2012 and 2013. The 20% prevalence of obesity is rising 18% 17% 15% nationally, indicating that the problem 10% is not confined within urban areas or BDHS 2005 2006 BDHS 2008 2009 2010 FSNSP FSNSP FSNSP well-off populations. Overweight 2004 2007 2011 2012 2013 Women's overweight (BMI>23.0) Women's CED (BMI<18.5) among poor women is alarmingly high, with one-fifth being overweight. Source: FSNSP, 2012, 2013 Evidence points to the co-existence of both under and overnutrition in Bangladesh, which are risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Unhealthy dietary patterns rank above tobacco as the leading driver of preventable NCDs and the rising incidence of diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases and cancer as the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. This warrants urgent policy attention for primary and secondary prevention which is in line with World Health Assembly (WHA) global voluntary targets for the prevention and control of NCD 52 . As part of the NCD control programme under the HPNSDP, 142 urban health centres are providing hypertension and diabetes screening.

Consumption of children’s minimum acceptable diet slightly improved Early initiation of breastfeeding, 6 months exclusive breastfeeding, timely initiation of solid, semi-solid or soft foods from six months of age, intake of animal foods and hand washing with soap before child feeding are important for appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF). For diversity in complementary feeding it is essential for infants and young children

52 Include a halt to the rise in diabetes and obesity and a 30% reduction in the intake of salt by 2025.

(6 to 23 months) to take at least four food groups out of seven, including animal foods and micronutrient rich fruits and vegetables every day 53 . FSNSP 2013 data shows an improvement wherein 38% of children 6 to 23 months are fed a minimum acceptable diet as compared to 21% in BDHS 2011, 32% in USED 2013 and 23% in 2014 (Table 6). The BDHS 2014 estimates show that this figure has only slightly increased since 2011 by around 2% points a year 54 . The NNS is accelerating its IYCF activities with the job aids on IYCF. In particular, IYCF strategies and programmes are being delivered through media campaigns and community mobilisation processes. However, the current levels of consumption of a minimum acceptable diet are far below the HPNSDP target for 2016 of 52%. The proportion of children eating iron-rich foods has increased from 44% in 2012 to 48% in 2013 indicating an improvement of four percentage points between 2012 and 2013. The consumption of minimum acceptable diets was also higher in urban areas than the rural areas, with urban children eating an adequate diet more frequently than the rural children. The minimum diet consumption also increases gradually with the increase of wealth quintiles.

Micronutrient deficiencies: iodized salt consumption almost static The consequences of micronutrient deficiencies are increased risk of mortality and compromised quality of life that impact Box 2: Salt iodization in Bangladesh on development and productivity. The Considering iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) as a consumption of iodized salt (5 ppm) in serious problem, the policy of the Government is to households decreased from 82% in eradicate IDD through universal salt iodization 2011 55 to 80% in 2013 56 . However, programme. There are 305 registered salt refineries of which registration of 66 salt refineries cancelled consumption of iodized salt slightly 57 due to violation of conditions. Now a total of 125 salt increased to 81% in 2014 (Table 6) . refineries are in operation of which 27 salt refineries There are continued concerns related to (12 large and 15 medium) provide 80 percent the adequacy of iodine in the salt coverage of iodised salt requirement. The salt available in the market and consumed, production time is from November to March and the yearly requirement of salt for human consumption wherein at the national level 57.6% of and other purposes is 9 lac and 4 lac metric tonnes households consume adequately iodised respectively. Importation of salt from other countries salt (≥15 ppm) reported by FSNSP in is not needed to meet the requirement now. The Salt 2012/13 which reduced to 54.3% as per Iodization Act is being revised to make it more MICS in 2013/14. The coverage of operational and to ensure quality. In the revised Act, the proposed amount of addition of potassium iodate adequately iodized salt in rural, urban in salt is 30 to 50 ppm at production level, the range and slum areas is 51.8%, 75.4% and 76.9% seems high. There are 8 quality control laboratories in respectively. It is reported that currently 8 BSCIC zones and on average 4 samples are tested a quarter of households buy open salt per month in each laboratory. The samples for quality and 84% do not buy salt packets due to check are collected by 54 Inspectors of BSCIC. Source: BSCIC, 2014 higher price and about one fourth does

53 WHO, IFPRI, UC Davis, FANTA, USAID, UNICEF (2008). Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices . Part I. Definitions. Geneva, World Health Organization. 54 National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. (2013a). Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Dhaka, Bangladesh and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 55 National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. (2013a). Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 56 National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), (2013b). Utilization of Essential Service Delivery Survey 2013, Provisional report. 57 BSCIC Report, 2014.

26 not buy salt packets due to unavailability of salt in small packets 58 . Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) recently consulted with the stakeholders including the members of the salt refiners association, academia, lawyers and UN representatives about the revision of the Universal Edible Salt Iodization Act 1989 that requires update (Box 2). Unfortunately only 27.5% of the retailers know about the existing Salt Law of which 20.0% do not know about the punishment of violating the law 59 . To this end, quality control of the salt, price control, consumer awareness on the importance of iodized salt, and regular quality checking are necessary.

Prevention and control of iron deficiency anaemia improving Iron supplementation during pregnancy is associated with reduced maternal anaemia, and folic acid supplementation at the time of conception is associated with reduced neural tube defects in the brain and spinal cord 60 . The prevalence of anaemia in preschool age children was 33% nationally, 37% in rural areas, 22% in slums and 23% in urban areas as reported in 2011-2012 NMSS survey. One in every three preschool children and one in every four non- pregnant and non-lactating women is still anaemic, which warrants revisit of the existing public health programmes and strategies. The community clinics distribute iron-folate tablets to the pregnant women and adolescent girls for the control of nutritional anaemia. Besides, deworming tablets are also distributed for the removal of intestinal parasites during vitamin A campaigns and deworming week. Low coverage on the use of micronutrient powders has limited impact on the control of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Food-based approaches promoted in the community for infants at-risk of IDA can positively contribute to improved iron intake and provide a sustainable approach to its prevention. The production of micronutrient rich vegetables and fruits (especially iron, folate and vitamin C) should be increased through agricultural extension, and fish, poultry and small livestock production activities need to be promoted. Besides, food preparation, processing and preservation and marketing need to be integrated with these activities.

3.4.2. Issues and policy challenges Food security and health investments have increased nutrition programming with support for scaling up food and health based nutrition interventions through multisectoral collaboration and coordination in Bangladesh. A number of policy actions for improving the delivery on nutrition outcomes are necessary.

Accelerate nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific actions Nutrition-sensitive interventions address the underlying determinants of fetal and child nutrition and development – food security; adequate care giving resources at the maternal, household, and community levels; and access to health services and a safe and hygienic environment that incorporate specific nutrition goals and actions. The nutrition specific interventions address the immediate determinants of fetal and child nutrition and development – adequate food and nutrient intake, feeding, care giving and parenting

58 ICDDR,B/GAIN/UNICEF (2013). The National Micronutrient Survey 2011-12. Dhaka, Bangladesh. 59 ICDDR,B/GAIN/UNICEF (2013). The National Micronutrient Survey 2011-12. op. cit. 60 Bhutta, Z. A., et.al 2013. Evidence-Based Interventions for Improvement of Maternal and Child Nutrition: What Can Be Done and at What Cost? The Lancet 382 (9890): 452-477.

27 practices, and a low burden of infectious diseases. Nutrition-sensitive programmes serve as delivery platforms for nutrition-specific interventions, potentially increasing their scale, coverage, and effectiveness 61 . The reduction of maternal and child undernutrition needs nutrition sensitive actions including motivation and practical incentives. Among incentives, taxes and subsidies might play a role at policy level, and for the longer term, multisectoral training in nutrition and agriculture is the key 62 . The contribution of women in Box 3: Key recommendations for improving nutrition agricultural activities including through agriculture and food systems production, processing and ° Incorporate explicit nutrition objectives and indicators preservation need to be valued to into the design, and track and mitigate potential harms, while seeking synergies with economic, social and maximise their productivity. The environmental objectives. increase in women’s empowerment ° Assess the context at the local level, to design is positively correlated with calorie appropriate activities to address all types and causes of availability, dietary diversity and malnutrition. Target the vulnerable and improve equity adult body mass index (BMI). through participation, access to resources, and decent employment. Mother’s greater control over ° Collaborate and coordinate with other sectors and resources improves child outcomes – programmes, through joint strategies with common in particular, nutrition and goals, to address the multiple underlying causes of education 63 . Empowerment of malnutrition. women in agriculture contributes to ° Maintain or improve the natural resource base for the livelihoods and resilience of vulnerable farmers and for improvement of health and sustainable food and nutrition security for all. nutritional status of women and ° Empower women by ensuring access to productive children 64 . Alongside is the need for resources, income opportunities, extension services strengthening the consistency of credit, labour and time-saving technologies. nutrition messaging across ° Facilitate production diversification, and increase production of nutrient dense crops and small livestock. agriculture, fisheries and livestock ° Improve processing, storage and preservation to retain extension services including all nutritional value, shelf-life, and food safety, to reduce women focused agriculture seasonality of food insecurity and postharvest losses, and interventions. to make healthy foods convenient to prepare. ° Expand markets and market access for vulnerable groups, Improve nutrition through especially for marketing nutritious foods or products. ° Incorporate nutrition promotion and education around agriculture and food systems food systems that builds on local knowledge, attitudes Food systems meet people’s and practices to increase demand for nutritious foods nutritional requirements and also across the general population. contribute to economic growth. The Source: FAO (2015), The nutritional impact of agriculture investment programmes: Check list and guidance for primary role of food and agriculture programme formulation . sector is to feed people by increasing availability, affordability, and consumption of diverse, safe, nutritious foods and diets, aligned with dietary recommendations and environmental sustainability. Key recommendations for improving nutrition through agriculture and food systems are shown in Box 3.

61 Global Nutrition Report 2014: Actions and accountability to accelerate the worlds progress on nutrition, p.84. 62 http://www.developmenthorizons.com/2012/12/what-do-we-want-nutrition-sensitive_19.html 63 Esha, S. et al. (2014). Women’s’ Empowerment in Agriculture: What role for food security in Bangladesh? op. cit. 64 Talukder A. et al. (2010). Homestead food production model contributes to improved household food security and nutrition status of young children and women in poor populations, Field Actions Science Reports [Online], Special Issue 1 | 2010, Online since 17 February 2000, Connection on 15 October 2012. URL : http://factsreports.revues.org/404

Promote dietary diversity and nutrition Diverse diets that combine a variety of cereals, legumes, vegetables, fruits and animal- source foods will provide adequate nutrition for most people to meet energy and nutrient requirements, although supplements may be needed during vulnerable stages of life, notably pregnancy. Dietary diversity is considered as a key indicator of a high-quality diet. Increasing dietary diversification through consumption of a broad variety of foods, preferably from home gardens, fisheries and small livestock production is being promoted. In poor rural households in Kishoreganj, small indigenous fish species contributed 40% and 31% of the total recommended intakes of vitamin A and calcium, respectively 65 . Darkina (Esomus danricus ) a local fish has a high heme iron and calcium content as well as zinc and this fish is eaten with bones which make it a ‘package source’ of micronutrients. Support for increasing the production of small fish and communication efforts for promoting consumption needs to be scaled up. Promotion of nation wide awareness using mass media communication and interpersonal communications for dietary diversification are central to this effort.

Expedite implementation of NNS activities including complementary feeding The community clinics under the Health, Population and Nutrition Sector Development Programme – HPNSDP 2011-2016 of MoHFW are implementing few NNS activities. NNS covers facility-based services, community/area-based nutrition activities, human resource development, providing micronutrients, operational research and surveys, monitoring and evaluation and nutrition information systems. They also work on facility-based treatment of acute malnutrition in children, iron-folate supplementation for women, and antenatal care and counselling to the pregnant women and delivery of basic health and nutrition services. Referral systems for the treatment of mothers and children need to be established in a sustainable manner. Mass media awareness and interpersonal communication are being scaled up through behaviour change communication programmes. The nutrient-dense complementary food recipes developed by Bangladesh Breastfeeding Foundation (BBF) and the recipe book unwrapped by the Honourable Prime Minister during the World Breastfeeding Week 2014 need to be extensively used in community based training and widely disseminated, with a focus on the North, South and CHT areas where malnutrition is highest 66 .

Accelerate implementation of prevention strategies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) NCDs account for about 60% of all deaths, with cardiovascular and circulatory disease at 17%, and cancers at 24%. However, 80% of cardiovascular problems and 40% cancers can be prevented by tackling key risk factors, in particular unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and harmful use of tobacco 67 . Reduction of overall salt intake serves both the under nutrition and NCD objectives. NCDs reduce the ability of individuals to work and thus decrease family income. Persisting high levels of undernutrition, combined with rising levels of nutrition- related NCDs, will only add to this economic cost, dampening potential growth and draining national resources. The implementation of prevention strategies for non communicable diseases needs to be accelerated.

65 Roos N, et. al. (2007) Linking human nutrition and fisheries: incorporating micronutrient dense, small indigenous species in carp poly- culture production in Bangladesh. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 28 (2): s280 –S 293. 66 BBF/FPMU/NFPCSP/FAO (2013). A Complementary Feeding Manual for Bangladesh, BBF, Dhaka. 67 WHO (2011). Global status report on non communicable diseases 2010. World Health Organization: Geneva.

Strengthen food safety and quality activities under BFSA The Government is concerned to the supply of safe, healthy and nutritious food to its people. Bangladesh Food Safety Act 2013 includes establishment of an Independent Food Safety Authority through gazette notification and reorganization of National Food Safety Advisory Council for ensuring food safety and quality. The formulation of rules and regulations by the Government for implementation of the Food Safety Act 2013 is needed. The Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA) has been established and preliminary activities have begun. The coordination of its activities has started and an FAO project is supporting the establishment and functioning of the BFSA with the financial assistance of USAID. Besides, another food safety project is being implemented by FAO with the financial assistance of the Netherlands Government under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The activities for food safety and quality need to be strengthened and coordinated within the purview of the BFSA.

Ensure full coverage of access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene Unsafe water and inadequate sanitation are linked to diarrhoeal diseases, acute respiratory infections, and skin diseases 68 . Bangladesh has made good progress in providing safe drinking water and improved toilet facilities to citizens, but other components of a healthy environment are still lagging behind. Proper hand washing before child feeding is a life- saving and cost-effective intervention for families, the lack of which may lead to infections and poor appetite; and eventually malnutrition and death. Awareness and practice of hygiene, hand washing before food preparation and food consumption and after defecation, are critical to reduce the morbidity. As poor sanitation is one of the major determinants of child stunting, there is need to accelerate sanitation access by all and be on track towards reaching MDG-7.

Enhance fortification and bio-fortification Box 4: Rice bio-fortification initiatives The country’s first bio-fortified rice varieties have a WFP in collaboration with the Government is zinc content that is 30% higher than local varieties. The new rice matures faster than some traditional introducing fortified rice called ‘Pushti Chal’ varieties and contains the zinc in the endosperm in mitigating micronutrient deficiencies. rather the outer periphery of the grain, which is Fortified rice kernels mixed with powdered usually lost to the consumer when rice is polished. vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B 12 , folic acid, The capacity to scale up high-zinc rice has still to be iron and zinc according to WHO guidelines demonstrated, but if widely planted and consumed in poor households, it could contribute significantly and the micronutrient requirement of the 69 to meeting zinc requirements in Bangladesh, where population of Bangladesh . Fortified rice the poor consume large amounts of rice daily and needs to be explored for use in the major often sacrifice the consumption of other more social safety net programmes, garment nutrient-rich foods. When combined with factories, corporate social programmes, and interventions that promote dietary diversification, commercial fortification through food processing for commercial sale for general public. The and targeted supplementation to specific country’s first bio-fortified rice variety population groups, widely produced, biofortifed (enriched with zinc) namely BRRI dhan- 62 , crops can contribute to resolving nutrient BRRI dhan 64 have been released. Rice has a deficiencies at a significant scale. zinc content of 20 to 22 mg/kg and this is Source: Harvest Plus , 2014

68 World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (2009). Diarrhoea: Why children are still dying and what can be done. 69 Saskia de Pee (2014). Proposing nutrients and nutrient levels for rice fortification. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1324 (2014) 55–66. New York Academy of Sciences.

30 capable to fighting diarrhea and pneumonia-induced childhood deaths and stunting. International Potato Centre adapted and developed orange fleshed sweet potato locally called “Komola Sunduri”. Both leaves and roots provide vitamin A that promotes growth and provides immunity to fight against disease. Bio-fortification needs to be supported within the broader context of promoting a healthy food base for improved nutrition (Box 4). Conduct new national nutrition survey The Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS) of the University of Dhaka had carried out national nutrition surveys in 1974-75, 1981-82 and 1995-96. The last national nutrition survey was carried out by INFS, sponsored by Bangladesh National Nutrition Council in 1995- 96. Over 20 years have since passed, and no updated dietary and nutrient intake data is available in the country. The Household Income and Expenditures Survey (HIES) does not provide individual food and nutrient consumption data for different age groups. Given the proven value of diet and nutrient intake evidence base to inform food security, nutrition and health policy and programming, there is need for conducting a national nutrition survey at the soonest.

4. Availability: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs

The Availability dimension is discussed in CIP programmes 1 to 5. Areas of analysis include: sustainable and diversified agriculture, improved water management, input production and soil fertility, fisheries, and livestock. These programmes correspond to eight AoIs of NFP PoA. Outlines of CIP and NFP PoA interventions are provided below under each programme.

4.1. Programme 1: Sustainable and diversified agriculture through integrated research and extension Programme 1 of the CIP focuses on promoting intensification, diversification and resilience to climate change of crop production through the generation and propagation of sustainable technologies. It covers the investments needed to operationalise the NFP PoA AoI 1.1 on research and extension activities and AoI 1.4 on Agricultural Diversification for crops, and is also relevant for the implementation of the PoA AoI 1.9 on developing early warning systems and AoI 2.1 on agricultural disaster management. 4.1.1. Progress towards achievements Table 7: Progress towards achievement of CIP Programme 1 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source indicators No. of improved new rice varieties released by GoB 3 9 5 2 8 MoA (BRRI & BINA) agencies Wheat 0 2 2 0 0 Maize 2 0 0 1 0 No. of new Potato 3 2 0 12 1 non-rice Pulses 0 6 5 1 2 MoA varieties (BARI & BINA) 70 Vegetables 5 6 7 3 3 released Edible Oilseeds* 0 1 7 0 5 Fruits 1 6 3 5 9 No. of farmers trained on sustainable agriculture 1,045,488 1,333,847 1,277,840 1,283,106 1,295,652 DAE practices by DAE Share of rice on total cropped 76.2% 78.5% 76.5% 76.0% 74.8% BBS land HYV rice area as % total rice 79.9% 79.4% 82.4% 82.8% 78.4% BBS area (including Boro hybrid) Rice 5.9% 2.1% 1.0% -0.2% 1.55% Wheat 14.5% 6.1% 2.4% 26.1% 3.84% Maize 49.7% 21.6% 27.5% 14.4% 40.5% Potato 28.7% 50.5% -1.5% 4.8% 4.03% Pulses -21.0% 12.5% 4.7% 10.7% -40.7% Annual Brinjal 1.5% 1.1% 3.9% 4.8% 20.7% BBS, Major & change in Pumpkin 4.6% 4.3% 7.4% 4.1% 12.3% Minor Crops major Beans -0.1% 0.2% -0.4% -1.4% 18.3% Statistics & crops' Lal Shak 10.1% 6.6% 2.6% -1.1% 3.99% Agricultural Wing production Edible Oilseeds* 11.4% 11.9% 2.7% 5.4% 16.1% Banana -12.7% -2.1% -6.8% 3.8% -0.53% Guava -0.3% 13.1% 1.5% 7.9% -1.28% Mango 4.7% 1.7% 6.3% 1.2% 3.7% Pineapple -13.4% 2.3% -17.2% 3.2% 6.58% Jackfruit 5.4% 3.1% -3.6% 3.0% 4.98%

70 These are varieties produced by BARI, BINA and Universities, approved by SCA.

Release of new rice varieties increased in early 2013/14 In 2013/14, a total of eight new rice varieties were released (Table 7). In August 2013, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) released four rice varieties including the saline tolerant BRRI dhan 61 , and BRRI dhan 62 , a short duration (harvestable within 100 days), high zinc rice variety, capable of reducing micronutrients deficiency, diarrhoea and pneumonia-induced childhood morbidity and in turn related child stunting and deaths. Both are boro season varieties. In the first half of FY2013/14, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) released four new rice varieties: three for aman season, namely Binadhan-11 (early maturing), Binadhan-12 (submergence tolerant), Binadhan-13 (fine aromatic) rice variety; and one for boro season namely Binadhan-14 (a late transplanting potential, high yielding rice variety) 71 . BADC has conducted operations for multiplication of saline-tolerant seeds, which contributed to accelerate the production in the south. As of August 2013, BRRI released 61 inbred and 4 hybrid rice varieties 72 . While farmers still grow a larger number of rice varieties, three BRRI varieties were largely adopted. BRRI Dhan 28 and 29 gained popularity, reaching about 60% of rice area in boro season, while BR11 was the most adopted variety in aman season, covering about 27% of rice area 73 . Thirteen rice varieties have so far been released by BINA, of which seven are for aman season and the other six for boro season. Some of the new rice varieties are expected to contribute to enhance resilience and facilitate adaptation to climate change. According to the Seed Certification Agency (SCA), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) developed seven new varieties in 2013/14: one of edible oilseeds, five of fruits and one potato variety. SCA also reported an active involvement of the private sector which developed 86 and 13 new varieties of vegetables and fruits, respectively over the same period. Moreover, 144 varieties are under the process of being released as advanced line varieties 74 . As of November 2014, BARI decided to expand the distribution of Bt brinjal 75 , GM crop released in December 2013, with the trait of less pesticides intensive and suitable for commercial cultivation. Moreover, BINA released one new variety of pulses, and three new varieties of edible oilseeds over the same period. In 2013/14, overall a slightly lower number of new non-rice varieties were released compared to the previous year (from 20 to 22 new rice varieties): notably, release of new potato varieties drastically reduced (from 12 to 1), while that of edible oilseeds and fruits both increased (respectively from 0 to 5 and from 5 to 9). In addition to the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) institutes, other institutions such as the Bangladesh Agricultural University and BRAC continued contributing to developing crop varieties 76 .

71 http://bina.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67:rice&catid=39:commodity&Itemid=81 72 An inbred rice variety is the result of a cross between two or more different varieties and subsequent selection through several cycles of self-pollination or inbreeding. Normally, each rice flower contains both male and female organs. This allows the plant to reproduce itself through self-pollination or inbreeding. A hybrid is the product of a cross between two genetically distinct rice parents. When the right parents are selected, the hybrid will have both greater vigour and yield than either of the parents. 73 Hossain, M. and W. M.H. Jaim (2012), Adoption and diffusion of modern rice varieties in Bangladesh and eastern India, IRRI. 74 MoA medium Terms Report, 2014. 75 Bt brinjal varieties produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) derived proteins that are toxic to brinjal fruit and shoot borer (BFSB) but safe for the environment and human and animal consumption. The four Bt brinjal varieties developed by BARI are Bt Brinjal-1, 2, 3 and 4. 76 As of 2010, BRAC released six hybrid rice, three hybrid maize and eight vegetable varieties for commercial cultivation. Out of the three hybrid maize, one is high quality protein maize. 34

Number of farmers trained increased for two consecutive years In Bangladesh, GoB agencies, NGOs, commercial traders and input suppliers represent extension services providers. The Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE), through officers and sub-assistant agricultural officers (SAAOs) at upazila level, delivers training and services to farmers nationwide 77 . The number of farmers trained by DAE increased slightly in 2013/14 to 1,295,652, from 1,283,000 in 2012/13 (Table 7). During the last three Figure 14: Rice to total cropped area and HYV to years, more than 2.5 million farmers total rice area (%) received training from more than 14 thousand extension workers, 15% of which were women.

Productivity increased while area planted continued its slow decline In 2013/14, the share of rice area in total cropped area further declined to 74.8% from 76% in the previous year, falling for the third consecutive year below the level recorded in 2008/09 Source: BSS (Figure 14). Improved yields (2.3%) compared to last year (1.7%) contribute to explain the increased level of rice production (1.6%). However, the share of land cultivated with High Yielding Variety (HYV), which includes hybrid variety, dropped, for the first time over 2000s, to 78.4% in 2013/14 down from 82.8% in 2012/13 (Figure 15). The decrease has taken place while the share of hybrid rice to total boro rice increased to 13.3% in 2013/14 up from 12.8% in 2012/13 - still well below the 17.2% registered in 2007/08 (Figure 15) - mainly due to reduction in Figure 15: Boro rice varieties area of local rice variety with HYV remaining unchanged.

Production increased marginally for rice and wheat and sharply for maize In 2013/14, rice production increased (1.6%) after slightly dropping (0.2%) in the previous year, for the first time since 2005/06. While wheat production registered a modest increase (3.8%) compared to the previous year (26%), maize production accelerated Source: BBS substantially (40.5%) against the 2012/13 sustained production growth (14%) (Table 7). The excellent performance of the maize sector benefitted from favourable weather conditions and timely supply of seeds and fertilizers. Higher prices before planting, sustained by feedstock demand from livestock, poultry and fishery sectors, incentivized farmers to increase land cultivated under maize (37%). Potato production rose by 4%, but decreased from 4.8% registered over the previous year, with the increase in yield (3.3%) and in cropped area (4%) largely accounting for the

77 IFPRI/FAO/IICA Worldwide Extension Study, 2011.

35 observed growth. In 2013/14, pulses and oilseeds production growth rates registered opposite results of -40.7% and 16.1%, respectively from 11% and from 5% of the previous year. Fruit production registered an overall encouraging trend with the positive results obtained in producing mango (3.7%), pineapple (6.6%) and jackfruit (5%). The production growth rate of rice, wheat, pulses, brinjal Table 8: Crop production and edible oilseeds accelerated after the start of growth rate (%) implementation of the PoA, in the beginning of the period Pre -PoA Post -PoA just after the food price crisis, while it decelerated for other Crops (2000/01- (2007/08- 2006/07) 2013/14) crops, including maize, mango and pineapple. Wheat and Rice 1.62* 2.60* brinjal production growth rebounded from declining trends (Table 8). Overall, since the start of the implementation of Wheat -14.73* 8.06* the PoA, the acreage growth rate of rice, wheat, oilseeds Maize 95.77* 11.78* and jute increased, while that of maize, spices and Potato 9.07* 7.04* vegetables reduced (Table 9). Pulses -5.45* -0.36* Brinjal -2.50* 3.82* Continued diversification in crop and agricultural Pumpkin 8.68* 2.90* production Beans 9.11* 3.67* In the wake of 2007/08 food price crisis, as GoB priority was Lal Shak 5.77* 1.22* rice self-sufficiency, crop Table 9: Acreage growth rate (%) Edible oil 2.20* 5.70* diversification had been Pre-PoA Post-PoA Banana 9.26* -2.29* Crops (2000/01- (2007/08- hindered by the Guava 24.65* 5.13* 2006/07) 2013/14) increasing use of land to Mango 31.51* 3.71* Rice -0.44 0.86 produce rice and other Pineapple 10.01* -2.96 Wheat -10.43* 1.31 key staples such as Jackfruit 30.62* -0.11 Maize 68.46* 8.40 wheat and oilseeds. Source: BBS; *Significant at 10% level Oilseeds -3.90* 2.86* Consequently, the Spices 5.93* 0.61 acreage growth rate of those key staples increased, Pulses -6.07* -3.33* while that of other crops, such as potato, reduced Potato 6.41* 2.35* Figure 16: Agricultural GDP composition by Sugarcane -1.89* -3.33 subsector Fruits -6.69* -1.73* Vegetables 4.11* 0.54 2013/14 62.4% 12.2% 25.3% Jute -2.02* 10.47* 2012/13 63.2% 12.3% 24.5% Source: BBS; *Significant at 10% level 2011/12 64.2% 12.2% 23.6% (Table 9). 2010/11 64.8% 12.2% 23.0% 2009/10 65.1% 12.4% 22.5% The share of rice area in total cropped 2008/09 63.5% 13.5% 23.1% area dropped year-on-year in 2007/08 63.6% 12.7% 23.7% 2013/14, and continuously since 2006/07 64.2% 13.3% 23.9% 2009/10, giving space for the increase in share of all other crops, except for 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% jute and fruits 78 . A similar trend is share of crop share of livestock share of fishery observed in terms of overall Source: BBS agricultural diversification, which seems to have continued to slightly improve in 2013/14: the share of crop on total agricultural value year-on-year fell by 0.8 percentage points, with

78 Share of wheat, maize, oilseeds, pulses, potato areas in total cropped area rose by 0.42, 0.30, 0.14, 0.11, 0.12 percentage points in 2012/13 over 2011/12.

36 rising shares of fishery (0.8 percentage points) and the livestock sector stable (-0.1 percentage points). The trend in both cropped area and sector-specific agricultural GDP suggests that agricultural diversification is proceeding although at a slow pace. In the wake of the 2007/08 food price crises, the growth of the crop sectors gained momentum compared to livestock and fishery (Figure 16). However, since 2009/10, while fishery sector constantly increased, livestock sector remained stagnant. Overall, this trend suggests that although agricultural diversification did not improve in the post-PoA period, there is a sign of improvement in the last fiscal year, especially in the direction of fishery sector.

4.1.2. Policy developments/programmes underway and needs for further action Programme 1 of the CIP channelled 797 million USD representing 6.3% of total CIP budget of 2013/14 of which 669 million USD is already financed (60% by GoB and 40% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 1 decreased by 0.9% over the previous year, mainly due to augmented budget for ongoing projects. It consists of three sub- programmes with a total of 31 concluded, 62 ongoing and 22 pipeline projects. Under subprogramme 1.3, accounting for investments on agricultural systems to adapt to climate change, 14 and 6 are respectively the number of ongoing and pipeline projects, for a total of 268 and 88 million USD allocated. Sub-programme 1.1 and 1.2 financed respectively 177 and 224 million USD, with a pipeline of 31 and 10 million USD, respectively. In 2013/14, budget delivery for programme 1 decreased by 3.4% to 115 million USD, from 119 million USD in 2012/13 and increased by 121% from 52 million USD in 2010/11 (first year of CIP implementation). As of June 2014, cumulative delivery for programme 1 was 355 million USD, which represents 53% of the programme’s financed budget.

Improve sustainable agricultural research The GoB development budget for research institutes under the National Agricultural Research System (NARS)79 increased by 29%, up from 2.4 billion taka in 2012/13 to 3.2

Figure 17: Development Budget by NARS institutions

Source: Ministry of Finance

79 NARS consists of its apex body the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) and 10 agricultural research institutes, within four ministries: i) in the MoA - Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh Sericulture Research and training institution (BSRTI) and Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Bangladesh Cotton Development Board (BCDB); in the MoFL - Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Bangladesh Fishery Research Institute (BFRI), Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI); in the MoEF – Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFoRI); in the Ministry of Commerce – Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI). For BTRI and BSRTI financial data were not available.

37 billion taka in 2013/14, with its share in the National Budget increasing from 0.4% to 0.5%, over the same period (Figure 17). Notably, development budget increased largely for BFRI (+83%), SRDI (+72%), BARC (+57%), BLRI (+53%), BINA (+33%), BARI (+32%), and BFRI (+16%), while reduced for BJRI (-23%), BSRI (-17%), and BRRI (-15%). According to the NAP 2013, NARS should give priority to the following areas: soil and agro- ecological zone; development and application of fertilizers for soil quality environment and health preservation; location-specific suitability and profitability of specific crops and cropping patterns; marketing, trade and price trends of different crops; preservation of existing biodiversity; crop processing and preservation; crop varieties and technologies suitable to cope with the adverse effects of climate change, in drought and flooded conditions; short term, salt tolerant, submergence tolerant, drought tolerant, disease and pest resistant, aromatic, hybrid varieties; and crop diversification, focusing on varieties with high iron, zinc and vitamin A, to improve nutrition.

Empirical evidence shows that Box 5: Gender oriented research for nutrition sensitive investing in research and extension is agriculture amongst the major factors having a Research include the following: strong, positive correlation with Total • Women empowerment in agriculture is positively correlated with households energy availability and Factor Productivity (TFP) growth, a dietary diversity in Bangladesh; proxy for technological change and • Increasing women’s empowerment in Bangladesh (in 80 dynamism . It is therefore pivotal particular group membership) increases technical investing on agricultural research to efficiency not only of their farms but of all plots bridge yield gap, promote cultivated by the household; • diversification and ensure coordination The biggest gap in empowerment were lack of credit, high workload, and low group membership; and synergy among different research • Dairy value chains with gender component have the organizations. Research and extension potential to build women’s assets and to increase on women involvement in agriculture, women’s decision-making over areas related to value demonstrate positive implications for chain participation; • While assets transferred to ultra-poor women may nutrition (Box 5). remain under their control, predictions on control over income and other assets’ ownership within the Demand-led agricultural extension household are difficult. Many of the gains to asset services transfer programs may be through improved social status The Department of Agriculture within the community; Extension (DAE) represents the main • Men’s and women’s assets are not equally affected extension service providers serving by climatic and other shocks, with weather shocks farmers with a total of 14,092 generally affecting husbands’ assets, and negative non- weather shocks affecting both men’s and women’s extension workers (SAAO) and 3,064 assets. officers. Notably, they are largely • Sale of livestock is commonly used as a coping dependent on projects funds which mechanism, but assets needed for generating income seem to trigger duplication of efforts in (such as land, husbands’ vehicles and agricultural assets) some areas of interventions while are generally protected. others remain overlooked. Source: Agriculture for Nutrition an d Health workshop (June 2014) Furthermore, projects’ objectives may not be entirely in line with the needs of beneficiaries, if defined within a top-down approach 81 . Moreover, while DAE has a network reaching the village level, DoF and DLS only

80 Rahman, S. and R. Salim (2013). Six Decades of Total Factor Productivity Change and Sources of Growth in Bangladesh Agriculture (1948- 2008) Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 64. 81 Agricultural Sector Development Strategy: background paper for the preparation of the 7FYP, 2015.

38 operates at upazila level. Lack of staff and sometimes limited outreach of public extension departments could be compensated by strengthening the integration with extension services provided by the private sector and the civil society. From this perspective, the Farmers’ Information and Advice Centres (FIAC) housed at UP complex worked as a reference one stop service. As of November 2014, 732 FIAC - to provide service for crops, fishery and livestock - and 13,450 Common Interest Groups (CIGs) - to facilitate producers’ organization - have been created under the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP). Extension services need to increasingly focus on skill gaps, promote diversification for dietary diversity, volume and value addition for agricultural commodities, and income generation activities. For instance, over the last three years, DAE trained more than 36,000 women in income generation activities based on mushroom cultivation. Agricultural universities, large NGOs (such as BRAC, CARE Bangladesh, and World Vision) as well as private companies also provide extension and advisory services. As of August 2014, 12 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and two seed producer associations, with 250 small- and medium-scale affiliates, are involved in zinc enriched rice seed production and delivery. Breeder seed production started in the 2013/14 Boro season. During 2013/14, 1,000 farm demonstrations and distribution of mini-kits (seed packets) were facilitated by the HarvestPlus initiative 82 . This should allow farmers to evaluate the adaptability of zinc- enriched rice varieties under their own production conditions. Moreover, to stimulate demand for zinc-enriched varieties, training of rice marketing and sale stakeholders is also provided. According to HarvestPlus initiative, by 2016, an estimated 500,000 households will be reached with zinc enriched rice through commercialized seed sales. The long-term objective is to develop sustainable markets for zinc enriched rice seed and grain, targeting a 3% rice market share by 2018 83 . Needs for further action in this area include: ‹ Sustain nutrition oriented agricultural research: While agricultural production has made remarkable progress, more need to be done to develop nutrition sensitive agricultural production. Emphasis should be given to carry out nutrition-oriented agricultural research in order to address this gap. The ‘Agriculture for Nutrition and Health’ (ANH) initiative aims to maximize health and nutrition benefits and to reduce health risks by adapting and redesigning current agricultural practices and policies. In order to achieve this goal, ANH brings together research and development professionals across the agriculture, nutrition, and health sectors to jointly tackle key challenges and design joint solutions. A4NH has four drivers: value chains for enhanced nutrition; bio-fortification; prevention and control of agriculture- associated diseases; and integrated agriculture, nutrition, and health programmes and policies. In Bangladesh, agricultural research priority is to develop new varieties of nutrient enriched crops and crop varieties with high content of iron, zinc and vitamin A and to support integrated and diversified agriculture. ‹ Improve the Agricultural Research Management Information System (ARMIS): ARMIS is a data management system developed by BARC which contains information on research of NARS institutes, 12 Universities, Extension Service providers and, DAE,

82 HarvestPlus is part of the CGIAR Research Programmeon Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH). This initiative works closely with key Government agencies such as the Seed Wing of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), BRRI and its SeedNet, DAE, and BADC. Other partners include University of California-Davis and the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). 83 HarvestPlus (2014). Biofortification Progress Briefs, p. 61, August 2014.

DoF, DLS and Foundations (e.g. Grameen Krishi Foundation and Hortex Foundation), NGOs and other institutions. While ARMIS contains an impressive amount of information it would be useful to fill some data gaps and to improve its website, for instance by adding user-friendly features. ‹ Facilitate ‘vertical’ integration between agricultural research, universities, and extension service providers: The ultimate objective of this process is to translate research methods and outputs into viable technological adoption. Research needs to focus on development and improvement of stress tolerant and short duration varieties and farming practices; agricultural machineries and post harvest technologies to enhance handling and marketing especially of high value crops; sustainable and efficient use of land and water resources; crop diversification and management in adverse environment and for climate change adaptation. Public- private partnership research may be carried out, for example, between NARS institutes and local seed companies or NGOs like BRAC, as well as between NARS institutes and international agriculture research centres e.g. CGIAR. ‹ Establish ‘horizontal’ integration between extension service providers to support demand-led technological transfers: Public extension systems have different levels of penetration – with DAE network reaching the village level, while DoF and DLS only operating at upazila level. Lack of staff and limited outreach of public extension departments could be compensated by strengthening the integration with extension services provided by the private sector and civil society. It is therefore essential to build on the positive experience of NATP through FIACs and CIGs, to empower producers’ organization, to improve their participation in planning, implementation and monitoring of extension and, to make the public service more responsive to their needs 84 . A potential challenge is the sustainability of the system at the end of NATP project. ‹ Mainstream the use of modern information and communication technology (ICT): Another way to compensate for limited outreach and lack of staff is the use of ICT. Several ‘e-Agriculture’ initiatives are underway and need to be mainstreamed. For instance, e-Khishok is an initiative established between DAE and the Bangladesh Institute of ICT in Development (BIID) aimed to provide ICT service to farmers through a number of local centre/telecentres. The service provided includes the use of SMS/call back services. General mobile-based text messages and voice messages may be used for early warning on pest and disease outbreak, natural disasters as well as to disseminate critical information. ‹ Establish a database of extension projects: Digitized databases and management information systems may be set up at upazila, district and national levels with the objective of helping M&E activities on the relevance and coherence of extension service implementation. Synergies with ARMIS might also be exploited.

84 http://www.natpdae.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104&Itemid=127

4.2. Programme 2: Improved water management and infrastructure for irrigation purposes

Programme 2 aims at ensuring sustainable and efficient water management to address farmers’ need. The programme covers the investments required under the NFP PoA 1.2 to increase irrigation coverage, improve delivery and ensure efficient use of safe irrigation water, reduce dependency on groundwater use and reduce cost of irrigation. It is articulated in four sub-programmes to: (1) improve water management and water distribution system at farm level, (2) improve and increase efficiency of surface water irrigation particularly in the south, (3) reduce impacts of saline water intrusion in the south, and (4) enhance river flow to the south.

4.2.1 Progress towards achievement Table 10: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 2 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source indicators BBS, Major & Minor % of cropped area under irrigation 44.2% 45.3% 46.8% 47.4% 48.21% Crops Statistics & Agricultural Wing Water table depth in Northern 6.5 13.7 5.5 7.3 14.46 region, average yearly change (1989- (1993- (1994- (1995- WDB (1991-2010) over last 20 years (cm/year) 2008) 2012 2013) 2014) Water table depth in Northern 15.4 45.9 -11.7 -34.2 48.0 region, average yearly change (2006- (2010- (2011- (2012- WDB (2008-2010) over last 3 years (cm/year) 2008) 2012) 2013) 2014) BBS, Major & Minor Surface water irrigation area as % 23.3% 22.0% 21.3% 20.9% 21.0% Crops Statistics & of total irrigation area Agricultural Wing Irrigation cost per acre as % of 16.3% 15.0% (R) 13.2% 14.6% 13.00% MoA total Boro production cost

Irrigation coverage kept increasing In 2013/14, the share of irrigated area to total cropped area increased by 0.8 percentage points to 48.2% from 47.4% in 2012/13. Notwithstanding the increasing trend over the reference period, from the initial 44.2% in 2007/08, the incremental irrigation coverage has been rather slow, only 4 percentage points over six years (Table 10). This indicates that there is scope to increase production Figure 18: % of cropped area under irrigation through expansion of irrigation. and surface water as % of total irrigation

Share of surface water irrigation area 60% remained almost unchanged 50% Overall, the share of surface water 40% irrigation area to total cropped area has 30% been falling, although at decreasing 20% rate, over the reference period (Figure 10% 18). In 2013/14, for the first time since 0% 2007/08, the share of surface water irrigation area remained unchanged at 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 around 21% compared to the previous Cropped area under irrigation (%) Surface water in total irrgation (%) year. While this is a positive sign, it is Source: WDB

41 not sufficient to reverse the increasing dependency on groundwater resources for irrigation purpose (Table 10).

Groundwater table continued deepening Over the last 30 years, change in average Box 6: Groundwater drought: A critical concern for Bangladesh yearly water table in the northern districts The grou nd water (GW) dependent irrigation system fluctuated, over a markedly decreasing in the Barind area has reached a critical phase as the trend (Figure 19). This long-term declining GW level has dropped below the depth of the trend is the result of higher average shallow tube wells in many places. The recently extraction rate (53 billion cubic meters per published GW zoning map indicates that a record of 60% irrigated croplands in Naogaon district have year) compared to recharge rate (50 become critical for shallow tube well operation. The billion cubic meters per year). This trend overexploitation has caused the GW level to fall to poses a substantial threat to the future the extent of not getting fully replenished by the agricultural development, especially in the rainfall recharge. If this over-utilization of the Barind northern districts. Groundwater depletion aquifer continues, it may result in its exhaustion after few years which may have a negative impact on the could dry up shallow tube wells and may agriculture-based economy of the country. 85 lead to saltwater intrusion . Source : Adhikary et al. (2013). Groundwater Drought Assessment for Barind Irrigation Project in Northwestern In 2014, water table depth substantially Bangladesh. increased up to 8 meter from 6.1 meter in 2013 (Figure 19), and consequently determined a three-year average change of 48 cm/year (2012-14), against -34.2 and -11.7 cm/year, respectively registered in 2010-12 and 2011-13 (Table 10). These positive results were registered in 2011 and 2012, which were exceptional years because recharging capacity of aquifers surpassed extraction rate, Figure 19: Groundwater table depth in leading to a reduction in groundwater Northern Bangladesh depth. This impacted on the 20-year 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 average change, which reached 14.6 -3.5 cm/year (1995-2014) against 7.3 (1994- -4.0 -4.5 2013) and 5.5 cm/year (1993-2012) -5.0 (Table 10). The deepening of GW table -5.5 in the northern districts are believed to -6.0 -6.5

be caused by low inflow from the (m) Depth GWT -7.0 upstream rivers, dry-up of wetlands and -7.5 -8.0 rivers, siltation and raised riverbeds, -8.5 stemming from damming of rivers, low GWT Depth Linear (GWT Depth) rainfall and short monsoon. Source: WDB

Share of irrigation to boro production cost reduced The share of irrigation to total boro production cost reduced over the period 2007/08- 2013/14. It decreased to 13% in 2013/14 from 14.6% in 2012/13 representing the only year in which the share rebounded (Table 10). The increasing usage of solar power, pipes, Axian- flow pump and sprinkle irrigation might have contributed to the reduction of irrigation cost. Further reduction can be achieved by continuous investments on efficient irrigation systems.

85 http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/more.php?news_id=128081&date=2012-04-28 (Harnessing Surface Water for Irrigation Purposes, The Financial express. VOL 20 NO 309 REGD NO DA 1589 | Dhaka, Saturday April 28 2012)

4.2.2 Policy developments/programme underway and needs for further action Programme 2 of the CIP channelled 2,679 million USD in 2013/14, 21.2% of the total CIP budget, of which 1,891 million USD is already financed (78% and 22% respectively from GoB and DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 2 increased by 8.2% over the previous year, due to increased financed budget. It consists of four sub-programmes with a total of 22 concluded, 40 ongoing and 20 pipeline projects. Under sub-programme 2.2, on improve and increase efficiency of surface water irrigation, 14, 18 and 14 are respectively the number of completed, ongoing and pipeline projects, for a total of 130, 516 and 595 million USD allocated. Sub-programme 2.1, 2.3 and 2.4 financed respectively 327, 189 and 729 million USD. In 2013/14 budget delivery for programme 2 decreased by 2% to 225 million USD from 230 million USD in 2012/13 and increased by 46% from 154 million USD in 2010/11 (first year of CIP implementation). As of June 2014, cumulative delivery for programme 2 was 758 million USD, which represents 40% of the programme’s financed budget. The National Agricultural Policy (2013) suggests to increase surface water utilization and to reduce the use of groundwater for irrigation purpose. This change could both contribute to environmental preservation and water use sustainability, provide alternative to arsenic contamination of ground water and reduce irrigation costs. To attain these outcomes, steps to be taken on the supply side include: i) setting up a Management Information System, e.g. with data on groundwater, surface water, sea water levels, and salinity levels, especially in coastal areas, to improve overall water management and planning; ii) control capture, storage, conveyance and distribution of surface water, to improve coordination among users and institution involved in water and integrated-water management, and increase efficiency of surface water usage. Accordingly, the National River Protection Commission (NRPC) Act 2013, established a Commission to advise the Government and coordinate partner ministries on river water management with the aim of protecting river and other water bodies from illegal encroachment, pollution, and inappropriate usage. The broad objective of the 20-year Master Plan of the Haor Development Board 2012 is to achieve sustainable development of haor areas by integrated planning and implementation through multi organizational involvement and community participation for optimum utilization of resources and reduction of poverty. Needs for further action in this area include: ‹ Ensure sustainable use of groundwater: While before the 1970s, Bangladesh’s agriculture was entirely dependent on surface water and monsoon rainfall 86 , currently, 79.1% of irrigated land in boro season utilizes underground source 87 . Moreover, about 82% of Dhaka city's water supply is abstracted from groundwater through 577 deep tube wells; four relatively small surface water treatment plants provide the remaining 18% 88 . City groundwater levels are consequently declining at two to three meters every year and city’s water table has sunk by 50 meters in the

86 United Nations Development Programme (1982). Ground Water Survey: the Hydro-geoligical Conditions of Bangladesh. Technical Report, UNDP, New York, 1982.DP/UN/BGD-74-009/1. 87 Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (2010). Minor Irrigation Survey Report 2009-10. BADC, Dhaka, p.3. 88 Khondaker, A.H (2006). Water Management in Dhaka”. Water Resources Development, 22(2): 291-311. doi:10.1080/ 07900620600677810 (http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900620600677810 10., p. 296).

past four decades 89 . Unless appropriate measures are taken, groundwater depletion is likely to further increase due to growing water demand exacerbated by the negative impact of climate change, such as increasing temperature and prolonged more severe droughts. In particular, managed aquifer recharge techniques to enhance groundwater recharge should be promoted nationwide; and harvesting of surface and rainwater should be supported, especially through excavation of existing canals, ponds, khals and waterbodies. ‹ Improve irrigation efficiency and water productivity: Tested irrigation technologies practiced in south Asia provide evidences of efficiency and water productivity. Some of these technologies are drip and sprinkler system (pressurized irrigation system) and laser land levelling (precision land levelling). Drip and sprinkler irrigation systems are much more water-efficient than conventional basin irrigation practices. They have a conveyance efficiency of 100% and an application efficiency of 70-90%, while the corresponding figures for basin irrigation are 40-70% and 60-70%, respectively 90 . Farm trials in the Indian state of Bihar found that laser levelling reduced water use by up to 40% and increased application efficiency by up to 50%. It cuts time for irrigation by half, labor requirement by 35%, increases irrigated area by 2% and yields by 20-25% 91 . Axial flow pump, whose usage has recently increased, represents another irrigation technology which is more efficient than conventional irrigation systems. Thus, irrigation technologies should be chosen so that they become efficient and productive. ‹ Enhance availability and use of surface water: Water table in the groundwater is going down at alarming rate in 192 upazilas due to over use of groundwater for irrigation. The NAP (2013) emphasized conservation and proper use of surface water by strengthening re-excavation of khals, ponds and other waterbodies to enhance conservation and utilization of surface water and encourage ground water recharge through watershed management, rainwater harvesting and establishment of water reservoirs. Use of surface water in irrigation cuts crop production cost sharply as it reduces consumption of chemical fertilizer as well as irrigation expenditure. ‹ Enrich and update a data bank on water resources: Creating and updating data base is necessary to monitor ground water level, flood, drainage, salinity, arsenic levels in the dry and monsoon seasons in Bangladesh. The data base helps better understand water storage capacity of the soil, ground water level, water level impact on the river bank area, ground water flow, potential salinization risk, urban ground water quality, and so on. Water Resources Planning Organization (WARPO) has developed National Water Resources Database (NWRD). The data contained in NWRD have been collected from a wide range of sources and agencies; data are also captured from satellite images, aerial photographs and hardcopy maps. These databases should be made available to the concerned water resources authority so that pragmatic plans can be made.

89 Wadud, Musfique (2011)”Dhaka turns on rainwater harvesting to ease water crisis” (http:// www.trust.org/alternet/news/dhaka-turns- to-rainwater-to-ease-wwater-crisis). Alternate (Retrieved 24 October 2011). 90 Narayanamoorthy A. 2006. Potential of Drip and Sprinkler irrigation in India, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, India. 91 IRRI. 2009. Socio-economics of integrated crop and resource management in the rice-wheat systems of South Asia: Site contrasts, adoption and impacts using village survey findings. International Rice Research Institute.

‹ Use arsenic free groundwater for irrigation and domestic purposes: Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh threatens the health of up to 30 million people. Level of arsenic in drinking water is so high that WHO describes arsenic contamination of Bangladesh’s water supply as “the largest poisoning of a population in history” 92 . People may be exposed to arsenic not only through drinking water, but indirectly by consuming food crops irrigated by contaminated water 93 . Since rice is the region’s staple food, arsenic contamination could also negatively impact food security if concentrations reach toxic levels. Arsenic was found as high as 80 mg per kg of soil in an arsenic contaminated area in the presence of arsenic contaminated irrigation water 94 . It is therefore necessary to avoid using arsenic contaminated water for irrigating crops. ‹ Develop effective flood control and river erosion measures: Most of the flood control embankments experienced breaching since their completion. Their effectiveness in reducing the impacts of flooding on the natural environment, economic activities, and private property is therefore undermined. Solutions to flooding problems require an understanding of the long-term factors that contribute to increased floods, which include: unplanned urbanization, soil erosion, local relative sea-level rise, inadequate sediment accumulation, subsidence and compaction of land, riverbed aggradation, and deforestation. To mitigate flooding propensity in Bangladesh, both the Government and the private sector need to adopt watershed-scale best management practices (BMPs) designed to: (a) reduce the run-off, (b) increase the carrying capacity of drainage system, and (c) increase land elevations. Proposed BMPs are: floodplain zoning, planned urbanization, restoration of abundant channels, dredging of rivers and streams, increased elevations of roads and village platforms, building efficient storm sewer systems, establishing buffer zones along rivers, conservation tillage, controlled runoff near construction sites, adjustment of life-style and crop patterns, good governance and improving flood warning/preparedness systems. ‹ Reduce salinity in coastal areas: Coastal areas constitute 20% of the country of which 53% are affected by different degrees of salinity. Agricultural land use in these areas is very poor. Declining land productivity with shift towards negative nutrient balance is among the main concerns with the food security problem in the country 95 . Between 1973 and 2009, the salinity prone areas increased from 0.83 million ha in 1973, to 1.02 millon ha in 2000 and to 1.06 million ha in 2009 96,97 . This indicates that soil salinity has increased by 26.7% during the last 36 years (1973-2009). Protective embankment, provision of sluice gate on the embankment, land levelling, use of rainwater storage facilities, selection of kharif rice variety, keeping land covered in winter and summer months and provision of sub-surface drainage are some of the measures for tackling soil salinity and for preserving agricultural land.

92 FAO (2006). Arsenic threat in Bangladesh. FAO. Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Spotlight/May 2006. 93 FAO (2006). Arsenic contamination of irrigation water, soil and crops in Bangladesh: Risk implications for Sustainable agriculture and food safety in Asia. RAP publication 2006/20. FAO. 94 Haq, S.M. et al. (2006). Arsenic contamination in food chain: Transfer of arsenic into Food Materials through Groundwater irrigation. L. Health Popul. Nutr, 24(3): 305-316. 95 Haque, S.A. (2006). Salinity problems and crop production in coastal regions of Bangladesh . Pak. J. Bot ., 38(5): 1359-1365, 2006. 96 Awal, M.A. (2013) Adapting Social Safety net programme to climate change shocks. Issues and Options for Bangladesh. NFPCSP supported report, FAO, Dhaka. 97 SRDI (2012) Soil Resouorce Development Institute , MoA. Dhaka. 45

4.3. Programme 3: Improved quality of input and soil fertility

Porgramme 3 aims at improving the availability of and access to quality inputs and soil fertility. It comprises 4 sub-programmes namely (1) enhancing the availability of agricultural inputs that is tested and certified for quality, (2) developing public-private partnerships through capacity development; (3) enhancing and improving sustainability of soil fertility management; and (4) facilitating access to credit and other financial services for small holders and the poor. The programme is in line with the supply and sustainable use of agricultural inputs, agricultural credit and other productive inputs.

4.3.1 Progress towards achievement

Production and supply of cereal seeds declined, while that of vegetables increased In 2009/10, improved rice, wheat and maize seeds production registered a bumper increase by 127.7% compared to the previous year. Thereafter, increase in annual cereal seed production decelerated to 12.9% in 2011/12. Seed production and supply declined by 15.7% in 2012/13, and by 33.1% in 2013/14 (Table 11). Table 11: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 3 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source indicators Annual change in improved rice, wheat and maize seeds 9.8% 127.7% 12.9% -15.7% -33.1% MOA production Improved Rice 40.0% 44.5% 58.8% 52.4% 33.4% seeds supply Wheat 41.2% 67.0% 71.5% 56.5% 54.9% (BADC, DAE & Maize 93.0% 84.2% 95.9% 74.4% 27.6% private Potato 4.8% 3.3% 11.8% 9.5% 5.7% MoA companies) as Pulses 1.5% 2.8% 11.8% 14.8% 8.3% % agronomic Vegetables 35.8% 32.1% 19.8% 20.3% 28.2% requirements Edible Oilseeds 3.5% 4.4% 11.5% 13.6% 5.0% Supply of urea as % of estimated 98.0% 81.7% 76.5% 89.0% 92.9% requirements MoA, Fertilizer Supply of TSP as % of estimated Monitoring & 82.1% 62.7% 81.1% 93.4% 100.5% requirements Management Supply of MP as % of estimated Unit 65.5% 52.9% 77.3% 65.6% 72.1% requirements Rice 3.1% 3.8% 3.0% 1.7% 2.3% Wheat 7.5% 9.6% 5.1% 7.7% 6.3% Maize 3.2% -0.7% 5.0% 4.3% 4.4% Potato 2.8% 9.3% 1.8% 2.0% 3.3% Pulses 2.1% 3.7% 3.6% 0.6% 9.8% Change in Brinjal 5.5% 0.8% 2.2% 3.7% 10.4% BBS Statistical crop yields Pumpkin 3.4% 1.6% -1.1% -2.2% 4.6% Yearbooks & (moving Beans 3.7% -0.2% 3.3% 0.7% 4.6% communications average over with BBS 3 previous Lal Shak 0.2% 2.7% -0.4% -0.9% 2.1% Agricultural Wing years) Edible Oilseeds 4.5% 2.3% 4.0% 0.7% 3.5% Banana -1.4% -3.9% -3.7% 1.9% 4.2% Guava 0.4% 10.8% 5.8% 4.2% 15.5% Mango -2.2% 0.0% 4.5% 6.3% -2.9% Pineapple -4.1% -1.0% -7.2% -3.1% 1.5% Jackfruit -15.5% 2.3% -1.6% 1.1% 7.9% Agricultural billion Taka 85.8 111.2 131.3 146.7 160.4 Bangladesh Bank credit Annual Report % of target 103% 97% 95% 104% 110% disbursement

In 2013/14, supply of improved rice seeds reduced to 33% of agronomic requirements from 52% in 2012/13. Wheat seed supply slightly reduced to 55% of its agronomic requirements from 57%, over the same period. A severe decline is noticed for maize seed supply: from 74% to 28% of agronomic requirements, over the period 2012/13 – 2013/14. Looking at seed supply for non-cereal crops, while that of vegetables increased by 8 percentage points to 28% of agronomic requirements, seed supply of potato, pulses and edible oilseeds declined over the same period. Attainments of potato, pulses and edible oilseeds in 2013/14 reduced to 6%, 8% and 5% of their agronomic requirements from 10%, 15% and 14% respectively. The trend indicates that none of the crop seed supplies could meet their agronomic requirements.

Supply of Urea, TSP and MP kept improving Supply of all key fertilizers increased during the last three consecutive years, except for MP in 2012/13. In 2013/14, urea supply increased to 93% of its estimated requirements, from 89% in 2012/13. TSP estimated requirements slightly exceeded (101%) in 2013/14, 7 percentage points from the previous year. MP supply in 2013/14 was 72% of its estimated requirements showing a 6.5 percentage points increase compared to 2012/13 (Table 11).

Higher yields realised for most crops in 2013/14 Average yields of almost all the crops, except wheat and mango, improved over the period 2012/13 – 2013/14. On one hand, while change in yields for rice and oilseeds increased (2.3% and 3.5% respectively) from the previous year (1.7% and 0.7% respectively), they are still lower than the change registered in 2007/08, the baseline (3.1% and 4.5% respectively). Change in yields of potato (3.3%), pulses (9.8%), brinjal (10.4%), pumpkin (4.6%), beans (4.6%), lal shak (2.1%), banana (4.2%), guava (15.5%), pineapple (1.5%), jackfruit (7.9%) improved compared to both last year and the baseline (Table 11). On the other hand, change in crop yields for wheat and mango decreased to respectively 6.3% and -2.9%, from both the previous year (7.7% and 6.3%, respectively) and the baseline (7.5% and -2.2%, respectively). Yield levels can be further improved with increased use of quality seeds, point placement of USG, IPM and quality agro-chemicals, and mechanization.

Agricultural credit disbursement surpassed target Agricultural credit disbursement increased steadily from 85.8 billion taka in 2007/08 to 160.4 billion taka in 2013/14, and by 9% from 2012/13. Furthermore, it exceeded the target for both 2013/14 and 2012/13. Qualitative changes in the credit disbursement policy, increased credit facilities, monitoring credit disbursement by the Bangladesh Bank, transparent and timely disbursement provision of the Bank, preference to women credit delivery as well as the inclusion of private banks in credit disbursement and special loan provision for share croppers were some of the positive factors for the credit disbursement budget in 2013/14 98 .

4.3.2 Policy developments/programme underway and needs for further action Programme 3 accounts for 3,177 million USD representing 25% of total CIP budget, of which 1,087 million USD is already financed (38% by GoB and 62% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 3 decreased by only 2% over the previous year, reflecting

98 Bangladesh Bank 2013. Of change and transformations. Bangladesh Bank: 2009-2013. Bangladesh bank, Dhaka.

47 combined increased in financed budget and reduction in the financial gap. It consists of four sub-programmes with a total of 19 completed, 13 ongoing and 9 pipeline projects. Sub- programme 3.1 on enhancing availability and quality of agricultural inputs, channels the bulk (98%) of financed budget within the programme. It allocated a total of 158, 929 and 2,090 million USD respectively to concluded, ongoing and pipeline projects. In 2013/14, budget delivery for programme 3 increased to 333 million USD from 223 million USD in 2012/13 and from 55 million USD in 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation. As of June 2014, cumulative delivery for programme 3 was 727 million USD, which is 67% of the programme’s financed budget.

Cost of subsidies on fertilizers declined Figure 20: Fertilizers and urea subsidies in Subsidy to fertilizers constitutes a big national budget financial burden for the Government: its 100% share in the national budget increased 80% from 4.1% to 5.3% over the period 60% 2007/08 – 2012/13, while reduced to 3.9% in 2013/14. Urea absorbs the 40% % of subsidy of % largest share of fertilizers’ subsidy which 20% has been reducing from 2007/08 to 0% 2011/12, while rebounded in the two following years (Figure 20). Urea subsidy requirements ranged from 20 to 48 Fertiliser subsidy in national budget billion taka over the period 2007/08 – Urea subsidy in fertiliser budget Source: MoA 2013/14. The trend in fertilizers’ subsidy has been constantly increasing (except in 2009/10) from 35 to 119 billion taka, over the period 2007/08 – 2012/13. This sharp increase in subsidy was mainly due to increase in international fertilizer price vis-à-vis the much less variable domestic prices, with the difference covered by public finance. In 2013/14, however, subsidy to fertilizers reduced by 28% to 86 billion taka over the previous year due to lower international prices (Table 12). Table 12: Cost of subsidies on urea and non-urea fertilizers during 2007/08 to 2013/14 Year Subsidies (billion taka) Change from previous fiscal year % of fertilizer % of urea Urea Non- Total Urea Non- Total subsidies in subsidies in urea urea national fertilizer budget budget 2007/08 31.55 3.79 35.34 na na na 4.1% 89% 2008/09 42.73 8.01 50.74 35.4% 111.3% 43.6% 5.1% 84% 2009/10 19.79 20.99 40.78 -53.7% 162.0% -19.6% 3.6% 49% 2010/11 25.71 29.71 55.42 29.9% 41.5% 35.9% 4.2% 46% 2011/12 23.28 46.24 69.52 -9.5% 55.6% 25.4% 4.3% 33% 2012/13 48.24 71.00 119.00 107.2% 53.5% 71.2% 5.3% 40% 2013/14 34.02 52.41 86.43 -29.48% -26.22 -27.48 3.88% 39% Source: MoA

Urea price declined while other fertilizers’ price remained unchanged Urea prices declined from Taka 20 per kg to Tk 16 per kg in 2013/14, a reduction of Taka 4 per kg. TSP, MP and DAP prices remained unchanged (except MP price in 2011/12) over the last four years. Sales of urea, TSP and MP declined by 83, 29 and 152 million MT respectively, while DAP sales increased by 118 thousand MT over the period 2011/12 – 2013/14 (Table 13).

Table 13: Domestic fertilizer prices and sales, 2008-09 to 2013-14 Period Price (Tk/kg) Sales ( Thousand MT) Urea TSP MP DAP Urea TSP MoP DAP 2008/09 6 28 267 36 2533 165 82 16 2009/10 12 80 70 90 2409 420 263 136 2010/11 12 22 15 27 2655 591 507 353 2011 /12 20 22 16 27 2296 641 603 403 2012/13 20 22 15 27 2247 654 571 434 2013/14 16 22 15 27 2213 612 451 521 Source: MoA

Non-cereal seed supply improved Some improvement in the non-cereal seed supply by the private sector has taken place in 2013/14. There was no private supply of wheat and pulse seeds in 2012/13 whereas private entities had a good stake in 2013/14 (Table 14). Of the total seed distribution, public contribution constituted 99.4% for HYV wheat, 98.4% for pulses, 93% for oilseeds and 72.2% for potato. On the other hand, distribution was dominated by private entities for crops like maize and vegetables. The households themselves contributed the lion’s share of total unmet seed supply of public and private entities, which ranged from 24% to 94%. The quality of own seed (saved from previous harvest) is likely to be low even though affordable for many small farmers. Table 14: Contribution of different actors in non-rice seed production, 2013/14 Crops Seed Seed distribution sector Contribution share requirement Public Private Total requirement (%) Total supply (%) (MT) Public Private Self Public Private Wheat 50400 27500 180 54.56 0.36 45.28 99.35 0.65 Maize 9510 300 2320 3.15 24.40 72.45 11.45 88.56 Pulse 28735 2353 39 8.19 0.14 91.67 98.37 1.63 Oilseeds 18840 883 67 4.69 0.36 94.95 92.95 7.05 Vegetable 1677 126 1142 7.51 68.10 24.39 9.93 90.07 Potato 660000 27122 10470 4.11 1.59 94.30 72.15 27.85 Jute 5930 1000 730 16.86 12.31 70.831 57.80 42.20 Source: MoA Needs for further action in this area include: ‹ Produce more quality seed and improve distribution: Agricultural production can be increased by 15 to 20% through use of quality seed, keeping other things constant. The legal and regulatory framework for seed is currently provided by (i) the National Seed Policy (NSP), 1993; (ii) the Seed Ordinance, 1977 (Amendments in 1997 and 2005); and (iii) the Seed Rules, 1998. The Plant Quarantine Regulation is considered as part of the regulatory framework as it also affects the seed sector. The Plant Variety and Farmers’ Rights Protection Act, 2009, and the proposed National Plant Genetic Resources Institute (NPGRI) are also critical components of plant breeding and the seed system in Bangladesh. The National Seed Policy (NSP) of 1993 and Seed Rules of 1998 paved the way for active participation of the private sector and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in seed production. The intension of the NSP was gradually to rationalize and decentralize the national seed sector and attract private investment in the seed sector. Given the new policy framework, the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) provided a conducive environment (policy, institutions and infrastructure) for investments and initiatives in the private seed sector. The increased participation of

private -sector actors in seed production is also a result of several donor-driven Government projects. Numerous NGOs and private companies (BRAC, Lal Teer, Syngenta, ACI) are already involved in seed multiplication and markeing. Increased private-public partnership and greater involvement of NGOs are needed for the production and dissemination of good quality seeds. ‹ Reduce nitrogen loss through increased use of USG and reap higher yield: Urea is the most dominant nitrogen fertilizer being used in Bangladesh. However, broadcast application of urea causes high losses. To avoid urea nitrogen losses, point placement of USG has been developed and is being popularized in the country, particularly in rice production. Study showed that split urea yields 5.7 t/ha in dry season rice and 4.0 t/ha in wet season rice while deep placement of USG provides 6.2 t/ha and 5.1 t/ha rice 99 . USG application provides higher yield in potato as well 100 . Cultivated lands using USG get three times better results than the lands cultivated by urea sprayed by hands and the traditional methods 101 . For reducing nitrogen losses, increasing yield and reducing cost of urea, broadcasting of urea application should be replaced by USG applications. DAE should give more emphasis on expansion and dissemination of USG use. ‹ Promote IPM and use of quality agrochemicals: Farmers generally use chemical application against pests and in many cases they do not apply it in appropriate dosages. Studies indicate that about 20% of agricultural produce potential is lost due to pest attacks. IPM is intended to reduce ecological and health damage from chemical pesticides by using natural parasites and predators to control pest populations. Since chemical pesticides are expensive for poor farmers, IPM offers the prospect of lower production costs and higher profitability. Research shows that productivity of IPM rice farming is not significantly different from the productivity of conventional farming 102 . In addition, IPM results in substantial health and ecological benefits. However, externality problems make it difficult for farmers to adopt IPM individually. Without collective adoption, neighbours’ continued reliance on chemicals to kill pests will also destroy helpful parasites and predators. This will also expose IPM farmers and local ecosystems to chemical spillovers from adjoining fields. Successful IPM adoption will therefore depend on institutional support for collective action. Biological alternatives to pesticide use are generally organic, herbal insecticides that are nonhazardous and do not decrease soil fertility or the health of the surrounding areas. Crop rotations or diversification is another practice that involves planting of different crops after a season, so as to not exhaust the soil nutrients, or to deprive newly hatched insect pests of their food. Biological control agents that do not harm the crops or surrounding environment can be used to manage pest populations.

99 Bowen Walter (2005).Urea Deep Placement as an Option for Increasing Nitrogen Efficiency. A presentation prepared for Rce –Wheat Consortium Meeting, Dhaka Bangladesh.6-8 February 2005. http://betuco.be/compost/Rice%20Urea%20Deep%20placement%20Bangladesh.pdf 100 Haque, S.A. (2002) Urea super granule point placement on potato: a new concept. Symposium # 14, paper # 2030, poster presentation. 17 th WCSS 14-21 August, Thailand. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.10.3311&rep=rep1&type=pdf 101 Sikhdar, R. and Jian Xiaoying (2014). Urea Sulpher Granule as key conductor in agricultural productivity development in Bangladesh. Developing country Studies, Vol. 4., No. 6. 102 Dasgupta S, et. al. (2004). Is Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture Less Profitable for Farmers? Evidence on integrated Pest Management in Bangladesh . Development Research Group World Bank, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3417, September 2004 . http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=625294

There are some non-biological alternatives as well. Use of nets and small light traps can capture and prevent pest from reaching crops. The use of pheromones is also practised in Bangladesh. Such alternative biological and non-biological practices need to be promoted to gradually reduce the use of harmful agrochemicals 103 .

4.4. Programme 4: Fisheries and aquaculture development

Programme 4 seeks to sustainably increase fishery production through four sub programmes to (1) develop small scale aquaculture, through access to quality inputs, advice and skills; (2) improve the management of fishery resources; (3) develop public private partnership in support of infrastructure and services development; and (4) promote production in southern districts through sustainable shrimp and prawn development and community based management of wetland. Programme 4 relates to NFP PoA area of intervention 1.4, which strives to diversify agriculture through production of fish, among other things.

4.4.1. Progress towards achievements Table 15: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 4 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source indicators GDP from fishery sector as % of Bangladesh agriculture GDP (excluding forest), 23.6% 22.5% 23.6% 24.53% 25% Economic at constant price 1995-1996 Review Fisheries Annual change in quantity of fish 5.0% 7.3% 6.50% 4.54% 4.25% Statistical production Yearbook (DOF) Annual change in fingerling 11.1% 2.4% 21.7% -9.75% 0.10% DoF production (finfish) Number of new fish varieties 3 0 0 0 0 BFRI developed (2008/09) value as % of total 4.0% 2.7% 2.5% 2.0% 2.26% DoF Fishery export exports - of which shrimp 66% 66% 57% 84.00% 86.22% DoF share, %

Contribution of fisheries to agricultural GDP increased marginally In 2013/14, the share of fisheries value added in agricultural GDP reached 25% which is 0.5 percentage points higher than in 2012/13 and 1.4 percentage points higher than in 2011/12. This indicates that the share of fisheries increased at a declining rate. During the last five years fisheries’ contribution to agricultural GDP remained within 22.5% to 25% (Table 15).

Structural change in fishery affecting fish production Bangladesh fisheries sector has undergone a structural transformation. In the early eighties, a dominant contributor was inland capture fishery, particularly the rivers and floodplains- estuaries. This scenario started changing from late eighties and is currently reversed: inland capture fishery contributes 28%, while inland culture fishery represents 55% of the total fish production 104 . This major change is mainly due to the destruction of fish habitat in the rivers, resulting from a variety of anthropogenic factors (use of agrochemicals, pesticides

103 Islam, A(2012). Pheromone use for insect control: present status and prospect in Bangladesh. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov & Tech 2(10):47-55 104 DoF (2014). National Fish Week 2014. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka. 51 and fertilizer in crops, siltation and rising of riverbeds, river encroachment, construction of brickfields, and blockage of river flow to cultivate fish). This has gradually encouraged the culture fishery which has the potential to Figure 21: Trend in fish production positively impact on economic growth 4000 and poverty reduction. To exploit the 3500 potential of fish production, investments 3000 in improving and sustainably exploiting 2500 fish habitats such as rivers, and other 2000 1500 wetland such as haors, baors and beels 1000 Production (Thousand Production (Thousand MT) are fundamental. 500 0 Fish production kept increasing at 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 declining rate Capture Culture Marine Total Source: DoF In 2013/14, fish production increased to 3,548 thousand MT, by 4% over the previous year and by 38% over 2007/08. These figures compared with 5% registered in 2012/13 and 7% in 2011/12. Fish production kept on increasing (except for capture), but at a declining rate, over the period 2007/08 – 2013/14 (Figure 21). The largest share (55%) of fish Figure 22: Trend in shrimp production production is from the inland culture 300 fishery, which increased by 5% over last 250 year and by 10% over 2007/08. 200

Shrimp production accelerated 150 Shrimp production increased to 240 100 thousand MT, by 3% over the previous year 50 and by 7% over 2007/08. In 2013/14, share Production (Thousand MT) of shrimp production from inland capture, 0 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013-14 inland culture and marine fishery were 19%, 61% and 20% respectively. Inland Capture Culture Marine Total capture, inland culture and marine fishery Source: DoF productions grew by respectively 3%, 3.6% and 2.9% over the previous year (Figure 22). Furthermore, while inland capture and marine fishery productions both declined over the baseline (39% and 10% respectively), inland culture increased by 54% over the Figure 23: Trend in hilsha production baseline. 450 400 Hilsha production kept increasing 350 300 Hilsha is the national fish of Bangladesh 250 and earns considerable amount of 200 ProductionMT foreign currency from exports. Its 150 production increased to 385 thousand 100 50 MT by 10% over the previous year and 0 by 33% over 2007/08. Hilsha is currently 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013-14 mainly captured from marine sources Riverine Marine Total (67%) and to a lower extent from rivers Source: DoF (33%) (Figure 23).

Fingerling production recovered marginally from sharp decline Fingerling (finfish) production appeared to be very volatile over the period 2007/08 – 2013/14. In 2013/14, it increased marginally (0.1%) over 2012/13 which compares with a reduction of 10% in 2012/13 and to an increase of 22% in 2011/12 (Table 15).

Status of development of new fish varieties remain unchanged No new fish variety has been developed since 2009/10. However, although no new variety is officially reported, BFRI research is contributing to the development of new breeding techniques for a number of existing fish varieties. Success in the breeding technique of Parshe, Kunchia and breeding culture technique of crucian carp are significant achievements105 . BFRI and WorldFish’s joint efforts have succeeded in pioneering the production of crablets in Bangladesh. The Government has initiated the development of crab fishery through the approval of a Development Project Proposal (DPP) which will lead to commercial production of crab in the coastal areas.

Value of fisheries export increased Figure 24: Export quantity and value

Fisheries share in total export value 120 60 declined from 4% to 2%, over the 100 50 reference period 2007/08 – 2012/13. Of 80 40 the total fisheries export value, shrimp 60 30 Billion TK Billion share ranged from 66% to 86% over the MT Thousand 40 20 period 2007/08 - 2013/14. However, 20 10 fisheries export share slightly improved in 0 0 2013/14 and reached 2.26% (Table 15). Fishery export value increased constantly over the reference period (except in Export quantity Export Value 2012/13), and reached 48 billion taka in Source: DoF 2013/14, by 11% over 2012/13 and by 41% over 2007/08. Exports quantity has been steadily decreasing since 2009/10. They reached 77 thousand MT in 2013/14, decreased by 9% over the previous year, and increased by 3% over the baseline (Figure 24).

4.4.2 Policy developments/ programme underway and needs for further action Programme 4 of the CIP accounts for 442 million USD representing 3.5% of total CIP budget of 2013/14, of which 305 million USD is already financed (84% by GoB and 16% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 4 decreased by 7.5% over the previous year, due to a large reduction in projects’ pipeline. It consists of four sub-programmes with a total of 5 concluded, 31 ongoing and 13 pipeline projects. Sub-programme 4.2 (improved management of fisheries resources) receives the largest share of financing (82.6%) under the programme, for a total of 19, 233 and 90 million USD for completed, ongoing and pipeline projects. Sub-programme 4.1 (develop small scale acquaculture) is the other most relevant sub-programme in terms of financing (13.8%), for a total of 6, 36 and 46 million USD of completed, ongoing and pipeline projects respectively. Sub-programmes 4.3 and 4.4 share the programme’s residual budget (3%).In 2013/14, budget delivery for programme 4

105 Chakravarty, 2014: BFRI in fisheries development: recent research activities and achievements. In National Fish Week 2014: Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 53 increased by 46% to 54 million USD, from 37 million USD in 2012/13 and from 37 million USD in 2010/11, the first implementation year. As of June 2014, cumulative delivery for programme 4 was 163 million USD, which represents 53% of the programme’s financed budget. The national aquaculture development strategy and action plan of Bangladesh (2013–2020) encompass improving the welfare of the resource-poor people depending on the aquatic resources for livelihood, reducing poverty by stimulating employment and improving income, conserve or enhance the natural resources on which livelihoods are based, promote the sustainable development of rural communities, increase export earnings, and contribute to the resources of the nation and improvement of people’s welfare. The 'National Shrimp Policy 2014' aims to boost shrimp production and thus raise export earnings since shrimp plays an important role in the country's economy 106 . The main objectives of this policy include development of the shrimp quality, increasing production, training and research, biodiversity conservation and specifying cultivation areas. A number of measures have been taken to manage the open water fisheries resources. These include: Fisheries Legislations, measures for hilsa Fishery Management, Protection of Natural Breeding Ground Halda, Provision for Fishers ID Card, Integrated Natural Resource Management by local users to conserving the biodiversity and livelihoods in the selected wetlands and floodplains, Fish Habitat Restoration measures, Fish Production and Resource Conservation Campaign and finalization of draft National Marine Fisheries Policy 2015. Needs for further action in this area include: ‹ Enhance pond productivity: Ponds contribute significantly to the production of fish in Bangladesh. In 2012/13, ponds contributed 78% of the production of inland closed waterbodies, 51% of production of all inland waterbodies and 42% of all fish production 107 . In 2013/14, pond contribution to fish production is expected to be higher than the previous year . The Annual Report 2013 of the DoF shows that share of extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive pond farming practices constituted 4.6%, 45.3% and 50% respectively 108 . More than 50% ponds are yet to come under intensive farming. Increasing production of fish necessitates bringing more ponds under intensive farming systems. ‹ Reduce yield gap: Yield gap is very high in Bangladesh. One study showed that overall yield gap (difference between potential yield and actual yield) among the different farming intensities is about 54.3% 109 . This is another source of production loss. Pond farming yield in neighbouring countries (such as China, India, Thailand) is much higher than in Bangladesh. Therefore, reasons for yield losses due to biotic and abiotic factors (diseases, poor water quality, adverse climate or weather, technical inefficiency, lack of credit and poor knowledge, inputs unavailability etc.) need to be identified and remedial measures need to be taken to improve the productivity of the pond.

106 Financial Express. 18 August 2014. 107 DOF (2015). Fish Week 2014. Sankalan ( in Bangla ). Matsya Bhaban, Dhaka. 108 DoF 2014 Annual Report 2013, DoF, MOFL). 109 Dey, M.M., M.F. Alam and M.L. Bose (2010). Demand for Aquaculture development: perspective from Bangladesh for improved planning. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2: 16-32.

‹ Improve fish habitat for hilsha and other species: Due to various anthropogenic activities, climate change effects, increased siltation and rising of river basins, the migratory routes as well as spawning grounds of hilsha are disturbed, displaced or even destroyed 110 . During the last two decades hilsha production from inland waters (rivers) declined about 20%, whereas marine water production increased about 3 times. Major hilsha has gradually shifted from inland to marine water. Riverine habitat of hilsha fish is not conducive currently due to which hilsha is migrating toward marine waters. Strict regulation to control anthropogenic activities can improve the habitat and restore the heritage of hilsha production in Bangladesh. Equally important is the restoration of habitat for other species. Measures to increase the flow of rivers and establish links between rivers, beels and haors need to be taken to open the migratory routes of fish. ‹ Develop low cost feed and feed indu stry: Feed is the main component of the production, accounting for 80 to 90% of the total production cost. Because of the inability of the production to expand horizontally, more feed intensive production practices need to be adopted. In order to enable the farmers to use more feed, cheap and more effective feed needs to be made available. Research should be undertaken to inform the production of innovative cheap feed in this regard. ‹ Explore export potential of Pangas and Tilapia: Pangas and Tilapia fillets are accepted worldwide; it is therefore important to explore their market potential. Vietnam is a key player in the World Pangas trade. It had 98% stake in global export of fillets and fish in 2009 111 . Vietnam expects that their pangasius export is going to range from 1.75 to 1.85 billion USD in 2015 112 . In 2014, the USA market was key for Vietnamese tilapia, importing 1,745 MT valued at 5.24 million USD (4.83 million euro), and accounting for 18.2% of its exports 113 . Bangladesh has tremendous potential to produce tilapia and pangas. To compete with Vietnam, Bangladeshi farms have to reduce feed cost and increase productivity of pangas and tilapia. Therefore, efforts should be made to expand export of pangas and tilapia fillet to Europe, America and other world markets. ‹ Development of crab seed hatchery: A joint initiative between the USAID-AIN project and the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) in Cox’s Bazar has been successful for production of crab seed up to the crablets size. This research needs to be strengthened. Crab hatcheries need to be established to make crab seed available and reduce wild catch of crablets from Sundarbans. Moreover, the BFRI Santahar sub-centre started to successfully implement artificial breeding of mud eel which is a capture species 114 . In order to start its seed production, hatchery facilities need to be established in the near future as well for mud eel.

110 Mia, M.S. (2015). Climateic and anthropogenic factors changing spawning pattern and production zone of hilsha fishery in the Bay of Bengal. Weather and Climate. Extreme. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2015.01.001 111 Financial Express, 28 September, 2009. 112 http://www.undercurrentnews.com/2014/12/31/vietnam-pangasius-exports-to-hold-steady-in-2015/ 113 http://www.seafoodsource.com/all-commentary/27833-tilapia-could-take-off-in-vietnam-as-pangasius-problems-persist 114 Chakrabartee, S.C. (2014). BFRI in Fishery Development: Recent Research Activities and Achievements. In National Fish Week 2014. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fishery and Livestock, Dhaka.

4.5. Programme 5: Livestock development with focus on poultry and dairy production

Programme 5 aims to sustainably increase livestock production by improving technological adoption, animal health and resilient management practices. This corresponds to NFP PoA AoI 1.4 on agricultural diversification, which among others has the objective to boost livestock production. The programme is divided in four sub-programmes to: (1) strengthen animal health services, including better diagnosis and surveillance systems to mitigate disease outbreaks; (2) strengthen husbandry capacity at household level through community based improved knowledge and advisory services; (3) improve availability and quality of inputs through public-private partnerships; and (4) conduct research on livestock development, including genetic improvement.

4.5.1. Progress towards achievements Table 16: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 5 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source GDP from livestock sector as % of BBS agricultural GDP (excluding forest, at 12.7% 12.4% 12.2% 12.3% 12.1% Statistical constant price (2005-06) Yearbooks Eggs (million) 5653.2 5742.4 7304 7617 10168 MoF, Milk (million 2.65 2.37 3.47 5.07 6.1 Bangladesh Total production of MT) Economic Meat (million 1.04 1.26 2.33 3.62 4.52 Review MT) Annual change in artificial 1.56% 15.25% 10.11% 7.40% DLS, MoFL insemination 2.91% Annual change in number of poultry 333% 274% -75.4% -95.1% -97.99% DLS, MoFL deaths due to avian flu

Livestock share in agricultural GDP remained stable In 2013/14, the share of livestock value added in agricultural GDP (excluding forestry, including fishery) was registered at 12.1%, down from 12.3% registered in the previous year (Table 16). The 3% livestock yearly growth rate compares against 1.9% registered in the crop sector, and 6.5% in fishery sector. Over the reference period, livestock share in agricultural GDP followed a slightly decreasing trend from 12.7 registered in 2007/08 (Table 16).

Livestock production increased The trend in production of livestock Figure 25: Milk yields per dairy bovine in commodities steadily increased over the Bangladesh, India and Pakistan reference period (2007/08 – 2013/14). 1400 In particular, between 2012/13 and 1050 2013/14, production of eggs, milk, and meat registered an encouraging +33.5%, 700 20.1%, and 39.9%, respectively. The progress registered in livestock 350 production represents a positive (Kg/Head) Yields Milk response to food consumption 0 diversification, which is so far mainly characterized as urban phenomenon. In Bangladesh India Pakistan order to sustain the progress, it is Source: FAOSTAT

56 necessary to improve the availability of data by establishing a livestock database. The trend in milk yields in Bangladesh is much lower than those registered in India and Pakistan (Figure 25). The productivity of common local cow is generally lower for both milk and meat 115 . Cross and selective breeding are required to promote breeds adapted to the local environment to boost productivity.

Progress in artificial insemination decelerated Artificial insemination represents one of the most effective techniques to improve livestock breeds and in turn productivity and profitability of cattle operations. While the production of semen (both liquid and frozen) has improved in recent years, artificial insemination had a decreasing trend since 2009/10, with a recent reduction of 4.5 percentage points, down to 2.9% over the period 2012/13 – 2013/14.

Poultry deaths became insignificant Poultry deaths, due to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), have been constantly reducing since 2007/08, and recently reported outbreaks became almost insignificant, with only two reported outbreaks in 2014. FAO technical support financed by USAID set-up a system for early detection, diagnosis and response including strengthening of disease surveillance through a web-based SMS gateway system. This gateway system reduced the time lag between disease detection and response from 4.5 to 1.5 days 116 . This is in addition to GoB control measures of culling of infected poultry, movement control and compensation mechanism to reimburse affected poultry farmers. In late 2012/13, the Government also introduced HPAI experimental vaccination initially in two districts but now covering nine districts of Bangladesh.

Biogas production The growing livestock’s waste production threatens the natural environment, for instance by contaminating fresh water sources. DLS has consequently decided to increase the national biogas production capacity by installing 500 biogas plants in 2013/14, with the target expected to increase to 600 plants by 2016/17. DLS has to collaborate and develop synergies with private actors involved in the biogas sector (Infrastructure Development Company Limited; Sustainable Energy for Development - SED Programme, supported by the Bangladesh Ministry of Power, Energy, and Mineral Resources and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit- GIZ).

4.5.2. Policy development /programmes underway and needs for further action Programme 5 of the CIP accounts for 235 million USD in 2013/14 (2% of the total CIP budget) of which 135 million USD is financed (64% by GoB and 36% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 5 decreased by 17.5% over the previous period, due to a substantial drop in pipeline projects’ budget. It includes 4 sub-programmes with 8 completed, 18 ongoing and 18 pipeline projects. Under sub-programme 5.4, on research for livestock development, 4, 8 and 7 are respectively the number of completed, ongoing and

115 Depending on the study, the milk yields from local breed cows are estimated from 30% (Hemme T. et al. (2004). “A Review of Milk Production in Bangladesh with Particular Emphasis on Small-Scale Producers”, Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI), FAO, Working Paper No 7, 5 January 2004) to 50% of those from crossbreeding cows (Karim Zahurul et al. (2010). “Growth and Development {Potential of Livestock and Fisheries in Bangladesh”), Bangladesh Food Security Investment Forum, 26-27 May 2010). 116 http://www.itu.int/net4/wsis/stocktaking/projects/Project/Details?projectId=1386759691

57 pipeline projects, for a total of 23, 52 and 45 million USD allocated. Sub-programme 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 financed respectively 35, 19, and 6 million USD, with a pipeline of 4, 7, and 45 million USD, respectively. In 2013/14, budget delivery for programme 5 reduced to 23 million USD from 24 million USD in 2012/13 and from 21 million USD in 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation. This was mainly due to a substantial drop in DPs’ delivery: from 14 million USD in 2010/11 to only 4 million USD in 2013/14. The programme’s cumulative delivery was 85 million USD, which represents only 63% of the programme’s financed budget.

Implementation of the National Livestock Extension Policy (2013) With the goal of making Bangladesh self-reliant in meeting the growing internal demand of milk, meat and eggs, the 2013 National Livestock Extension Policy (NLEP) has been drafted. NLEP aims to: i) strengthen research-extension-farmers linkages for better access to technology, information and marketing channels; ii) promote sustainable improvements in safe milk, meat and eggs production, processing and value addition; iii) stimulate private sector participation and investments; iv) contribute to national food security and improved nutrition; v) strengthening of health services, epidemiology of disease and diagnostic facilities, disease surveillance and reporting; vi) support farmers in adopting suitable technology through capacity building of both farmers and extension providers as well as other agents throughout the value chain. The Policy also stressed the need to support producers’ organization in order to enable demand-led extension services and FIAC housed at UP complex for one stop extension service provision (see Programme 1). GoB should support the implementation of NLEP by focusing on its regulatory role in the area of poultry and livestock farming, veterinary services and veterinary public issues, in order to facilitated private sector investments in the livestock sector 117 .

Expansion of targets for vaccination and artificial insemination programmes Between 2010/11 and 2012/13, 537 million doses of livestock and poultry vaccines 118 of 17 varieties were produced; livestock and poultry were accordingly treated. In 2013/14, the target for vaccine doses was 410 million, which represented a huge increase compared to 177 million vaccine doses produced and distributed over the previous year. Moreover, in 2012/13, DLS provided veterinary treatment services to 56 million cattle and poultry birds, which compares to the 2013/14 target of 60 million. In 2012/13, around 345 million semen doses were produced and used for artificial insemination of cows, under the Government’s livestock breeding programmes, while the target for 2013/14 increased up to 379 million 119 . To achieve the revised target the livestock extension service need to be strengthened. A Veterinary Drug Administration Cell is operating to make available quality drugs and vaccines for livestock. An FAO-USAID supported project titled “Improving food security of women and children by enhancing backyard and small-scale poultry production in the Southern Delta Region”, is developing the capacity of community vaccinators through training and vaccination kits distribution to ensure prevention of poultry diseases in the project area. As of December 2014, the project distributed 8,500 birds in 13 villages. A

117 National Livestock Extension Policy (2013) - Final Draft 20 January 2013. 118 This compares with the 604 million doses administered between 2009/10 and 2011/12. 119 .Finance Division, MoF 2014. Mid-term Budgetary Framework (MTBF) 2014/15 to 2016/17 – Ministry of Fishery and Livestock – Medium Term Expenditure.

58 three-day training course, supported by DLS, was designed with a mix of theoretical instruction and demonstration/practice to establish village-level vaccination 120 .

Enhanced livestock productivity and technology adoption The Integrated Agricultural Productivity Project (IAPP, 2011-2016) aims to enhance the productivity of agriculture (crop, livestock and fisheries) in selected agro-ecologically constrained and economically depressed areas, 121 and ensure better water management. In particular, the target for livestock is the production of 1.75 litre of milk per cow per day, for 60,000 beneficiaries within 3,000 Livestock Rearer Groups (LRGs for cow, goat, and backyard poultry rearers’ groups) by the end of the project (2016). To reach the target, DLS is ensuring technological adoption and training. The project’s activities include: groups’ formation; beneficiary training; livestock-specific package distribution; fodder demonstrations; vaccination, de-worming and fertility health campaigns. The primary responsibilities of the groups’ members are to adopt the technology promoted under demonstration, and to undertake group activities related to learning and inputs’ distribution. As of June 2014, 1,939 groups (out of 3,000 targeted) have been formed, while a total of 38,780 (out of 60,000 targeted) farmers improved breed/husbandry practices. Out of the 38,780 adopter-farmers, 31,024 (88% female and 12% men) were able to reach the production target (1.75 litre/cow/day). Group members received training and inputs, including vaccination, medication and de-worming.

Promoting hybrid cattle for higher productivity DLS is promoting cross-breeding techniques to increase the number of hybrid cattle. Besides, under technical and financial assistance from IAPP, several private organizations, such as BRAC, in collaboration with the public sector, have established artificial insemination centres in remote areas. These centres also provide on-the-farm services, which have higher rate in successful crossbreeding operations. As of August 2014, the regional artificial insemination laboratory in Rajshahi has been made operational with the objective of preserving imported high quality semen, and producing high quality semen from crossbreed bulls. In addition, an adjacent Fodder Farming Centre has been created to provide high yielding and nutritive fodder to the bulls.

Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation within the livestock sector DLS started developing a Plan of Action on Disaster Risk Reduction & Climate Change Adaptation in Livestock Sector, in order to strengthen the capacity for disaster preparedness, management response and recovery. Training for 100 DLS officials on disaster and climate change responsive bio-security measures for poultry and dairy farms have been conducted during 2013. Twenty local veterinary assistants have been trained as part of a plan to develop emergency livestock workers in disaster prone areas.

Needs for further action in this area include: ‹ Boost productivity through crossbreeding and selection: The DLS-IAPP collaborative national project gave priority to develop hybrid/crossbreed cows with the target of

120 http://www.fao.org/bangladesh/news/detail-events/en/c/272971/ 121 These areas lie in Rangpur, Kurigram, Nilphamari and Lalmonirhat districts in the North and Barisal, Patuakhali, Barguna and Jhalokathi districts in the South.

achieving higher milk and meat productivity. It is important for the crossbreeding services to be provided within the client premises in order to improve reproductive performance (as performed by BRAC). Based on the normative standard of milk consumption of 130 grams of milk per day, for a population of around 158.2 million, 7.5 MMT of milk should be made available to provide enough milk to Bangladesh. This figure compared to the 6.9 MMT currently produced. Moreover, development of suitable poultry breed should also be strengthened. In this context, Aftab Bohumukhi Farm Limited has recently started contract breeder stock farming. Its hatchery production system is now run with domestic grandparent stocks, with the related import dependency drastically reduced 122 . ‹ Promote dairy processing technologies: Post-harvest losses are high due to inadequate handling and processing at different stages of the supply chain, especially in preservation and transportation 123 . The Horticulture Export Development Foundation developed secondary ‘product manufacturing technology’ for preparation of cheese, yogurt, ghee, rasogolla chhana, etc, through their Supply Chain Development Component of the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) in collaboration with the World Bank, IFAD and GoB. The improved secondary ‘product manufacturing technology’ after proper demonstration has been disseminated to several upazilas at the form level in the country. As milk gets spoiled easily, improved preservation system is essential for its long distance transportation involving longer time. Some large corporate organizations such as PRAN, AFTAB and Milk Vita maintain their own cold chain transport facilities. Such facilities need to be made available to small-scale entrepreneurs. ‹ Sustain school milk programmes for better nutrition while supporting dairy farmers: Introduction/expansion of school milk programmes could benefit children nutritional status and sustain the demand for small-scale dairy producers. FAO-Rabo Bank pilot project on “Linking School Milk with Smallholder Dairy Development in Tala, Satkhira, Bangladesh” (2012-2015) shows that there is room for enhancing children’s nutritional status, by increasing milk consumption, and sustaining dairy sector development by procuring milk, as well as stimulating the creation of pasteurization centres. In implementing the programmes, it will be essential to have involvement of the private sector, promotion of nutrition awareness campaigns, and training on handling/preservation practices in schools of key staff members. ‹ Improve quantity and quality of feed and fodder: One of the main constrain for livestock development is the fluctuation and availability of quality inputs, such as feed and fodder. Commercial production of green grass for dairy cattle is inadequate and represents an essential item of the daily feed. For extending fodder production, the Government fellow land, roadside slops, riverside slops, newly accreted char land should be used for fodder production through organized farmers community. The land attached to ULDC could be used as high yielding fodder seed production. Ensuring quality and safety of animal feed is pivotal to prevent hazardous substances entering the food, and to reduce costs and increase profitability of livestock sector. Feed analysis aims at enabling the production of safe, balance diet for livestock. The

122 http://abflbd.com/Aftab.pdf. 123 Hortex Foundation (2013). Op. cit.

availability of accurate information on ingredients composition of feed, and in turn, establishing the level of desirable and undesirable substances is essential. In 2013/14, DLS has accordingly taken the decision to analyse around 1,500 feed samples. The target is expected to reach the 2,100 units by 2016/17. The process needs to be sustained in order to make available high quality feeds and fodder. ‹ Sustain value addition in producing hides, skin, horn and bone: Leather and leather goods are the third most important export earner items in Bangladesh. Flaying techniques of the skin and animals’ health and nutrition status are key drivers determining the quality of the processed hides and skin. In particular, more investment should be made on improving: flaying technique to improve the quality of the produce, the quality of the breeds, and the health and disease management of the animals. Mechanized slaughterhouses and storage facilities also need to be increased. Within this context, there is scope to improve the efficiency in production processes to transform horn, hoofs and bones into valuable commodities (such as refined sugars, charcoal, fertilizers, glass, plastics, adhesives, pet food), which is largely underutilized. DLS should introduce training programme for butchers on flaying and grading of meat cuts and preservation of skins through curing. For quality control and certification of hides and skin, DLS would need to set up a wing and if necessary, through promulgation of an act. DLS may also work to prepare a comprehensive marketing policy for hides and skin 124 . ‹ Support biogas production: As stressed by NLEP (2013), the livestock subsector has huge potential in renewable energy production. In Bangladesh only 43% of rural population has access to electricity, which is essential for lighting and cooking, and a vital driver for economic growth and poverty reduction. Around 90% of all households cook with traditional biomass, such as rice husks, jute sticks, cow dung, or wood; this makes biomass increasingly scarce and costly, while contributes to 125 lower the level of organic nutrients in the soil .

124 National Livestock Extension Policy (2013) - Final Draft 20 January 2013. 125 http://www.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2012-en-biogas-technology-bangladesh.pdf

5. Access: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs

5.1. Programme 6: Improved access to markets, value-addition in agriculture, and non- farm incomes

Programme 6 of the CIP aims to increase access to food by boosting rural household incomes through greater farm and non-farm value-addition, combined with greater farmers’ access to markets, through four sub-programmes to: (1) improve physical access to market facilities and information; (2) mobilize and promote producer and marketing groups for improved market access and knowledge; (3) develop adequate storage, processing, value addition and reduce wastage through public-private partnerships; (4) promote and assist the development of off farm activities and rural businesses. The programme corresponds to the following seven AoIs in the NFP PoA: physical infrastructure (PoA AoI 1.6), agricultural marketing (PoA AoI 1.7), policy/regulatory environment (PoA AoI 1.8), private food trade (PoA AoI 2.3), agro-processing (PoA AoI 2.6), household income generation (PoA AoI 2.5) and skill formation (PoA AoI 2.7).

5.1.1 Progress towards achievements Table 17: Progress towards achievement of CIP Programme 6 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source Coarse rice 4.8% 1.0% 13.8% 8.3% 10.49% Difference between farm Lentil 39.3% 66.5% 129.9% 56.0% 2.5% gate and retail price of Onion 13.7% 39.1% 63.4% 12.1% 21.2% DAM selected goods as % of Brinjal 67.0% 45.9% 29.7% 24.5% 54.6% farm gate Potato 21.0% 25.3% 54.5% 37.6% 41.4% 19% - MoA Circular Difference between Urea 20% 11% 14% 14% 25% on mill gate dealers’ and farmers’ TSP 3% - 6% 10% 10% 10% 10% price & prices of fertilizers as % 17% - maximum dealers price MoP 9% 15% 15% 15% 31% farmers' price Number of growth centers, rural markets, women market centers, and 442 647 282 187 157 LGED M&E Union Parishad Complexes developed by LGED Yearbook of Agricultural Wage differential between male and Statistics & 48% 43% 40% 40% 30% female in agriculture Monthly Statistical Bulletin, BBS Bangladesh Real GDP growth of small scale Economic 7.1% 7.8% 6.6% 8.8% 6.6% manufacturing Review (Bangla), BBS Number of students enrolled in 177,329 technical and vocational education and 89,637 125,594 144,904 177,831 Bangladesh (2013) training (TVET) institutions Economic Ratio of TVET students in year t to Review & secondary and higher secondary school 1.21% 1.84% 1.94% 2.34% 2.20% BANBEIS enrollment in year t-1

Differences between farm gate and retail prices widen The differences between farm gate and retail prices, known as price spread, generally represent farmers share in consumer’ spending. Table 17 shows that for most of the agricultural products under review, the differences increased. The lone exception was the price of lentil, for which the price difference decreased drastically which is difficult to be explained. The difference between farm gate and retail price of coarse rice increased moderately to 10.49% in 2013/14 from 8.3% in 2012/13. The highest difference was observed at 13.8% in 2011/12. For brinjal, the highest price difference was observed at 54.6% in 2013/14 compared to 24.5% in the preceding year. The price spread for potato has been historically high, representing 41.4% in 2013/14 compared to 37.6% in 2012/13 and 54.5% in 2011/12. The most fluctuating difference in the two prices was observed in the case of onion for which the price difference ranged from 12.1% in 2012/13 to 63.4% in 2011/12. The higher margin indicates that farmers were receiving lesser share of consumers’ spending. High cost of transport, wastage and loss of quality along the value chain may also contribute to the high margin. The increased margins for brinjal and potato may be partly explained by perishability of the products and disruption of transportation system resulting from frequent hartals during the later part of 2013. For onion, the fluctuation of margin may be attributed to domestic Figure 26: Difference between wholesale and retail prices production shortfalls of coarse rice resulting from unfavorable 40 weather and the consequent Wholesale Retail larger share of imported 35 component in the total supply. 30 Figure 26 shows the 25 difference between kg per Taka wholesale and retail prices of 20 coarse rice from early 2009 to mid 2014. The difference was 15 09 09 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 substantial up to August 2009 09 10 11 12 13 ------Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec and then narrowed during Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar December 2009 and August Source: DAM 2010. With brief widening between August and December 2010, the difference narrowed again in April 2011 and since then it continued to remain high. In fact, the difference between wholesale and retail prices of coarse rice remained substantially high in June 2014 the reasons for which need to be explored.

Difference between dealers’ and farmers’ prices of fertilizers remained stable It is sometimes alleged that farmers pay higher prices of fertilizers in relation to dealers’ price, in spite of the fact that the Government fixes fertilizer prices both at dealers’ and farmers’ level. Table 17 shows that the difference between dealers’ and farmers’ prices of different types of fertilizers generally ranged between 10% and 15% over the recent years which is consistent with the prices fixed at two levels. Some exceptions were observed in the earlier periods of the series, particularly during 2007/08 which is marked as a year of food and fuel price crisis. Because of soaring international prices, domestic supply was

64 scarce and distribution was done through a kind of rationing which provided opportunities for rent seeking by the marketing agents.

Lesser progress on development of growth centres and rural markets There has been a declining trend in the development of new growth centres, rural markets, women market centres and UP complexes through Government initiatives. Table 17 shows that development of new growth centres decreased to 187 in 2012/13 and further decreased to 157 in 2013/14, compared to 442 and 647 in 2007/08 and 2009/10 respectively. However, many growth centres and rural markets are being developed through private initiatives. Such spontaneous growth is induced by rapid demand growth of consumables in the rural communities, resulting from income growth, remittances and change in attitudes to get out of localite perception 126 . The Finance Minister in his budget speech (2014-15) mentioned that five thousand kilometres of new roads will be constructed and ten thousand kilometres of metal road will be repaired. He also mentioned that more than 2 thousand growth centres will be connected with district headquarters. All Union Parishads will be transformed into vibrant habitat with all modern civic amenities 127 .

Wage difference between male and female in agriculture declined The wage difference between male and female in agriculture decreased from 40% in 2012/13 to 30% in 2013/14 which can be taken as a substantial positive change. This changed figure is based on officially recorded national statistics of the BBS. There is also other empirical evidence showing the nature and magnitudes of male–female wage differentials. An ILO study found that women used to earn an average of 21% less per hour than men. By controlling differences in age, education, occupation and geographic location, the gender wage gap was found to be 15.9%. Gender-based occupational segregation increased the gender wage gap in the construction, financial intermediation and manufacturing works, but minimized it in the education, hotels and restaurants and other services. Education was found to play an important role in lowering gender wage gap in Bangladesh 128 .

Small scale manufacturing growth gets slower Growth of small scale manufacturing decelerated to 6.6% in 2013/14 from 8.8% in 2012/13. The same growth rate was observed in 2011/12 (Table 17). Although the growth rate is slightly above the GDP growth, this cannot be taken as a satisfactory rate in view of the fact that the Government considers small and medium enterprises (SME) as the thrust sector of the economy. The Finance Minister in his budget speech (2014/15) pledged to continue support in terms of credit and refinancing facilities to help develop labour intensive small, medium and cottage industries. He also emphasized expanding credit facilities to women entrepreneurs 129 . Bangladesh Bank has undertaken different programmes to provide relatively cheaper loans for SME sector. An amount of Taka 35.9 billion has been provided to different banks and financial institutions under refinance schemes until the end of June 2014. The total number of beneficiary enterprises stood at 42661 under refinancing scheme in FY14. Special emphasis has been given to bring women entrepreneurs in the

126 With development of road transport network, electricity and telecommunication facilities, rural urban dichotomy is increasingly been replaced by rural-urban continuum which has been contributing to demand growth in rural areas. 127 Budget Speech (2014-15). Ministry of Finance. Government of the Peoples’ Republic of Bangladesh. June 2014. 128 Kapsoss(2008). The Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh. Asia Pacific Working Paper Series. Regional Office for Asia and Pacific, ILO, Bangkok 2008. 129 Budget Speech 2014-15 op. cit.

65 development process. Bangladesh Bank has reserved 10% of its SME financing fund for women entrepreneurs at a maximum annual interest rate of 10% 130 .

Technical and vocational training enrolment remained stable Enrolment in technical and vocational education did not increase in 2013/14, rather it marginally decreased. Enrolment steadily increased from 2007/08 and reached 177,831 in 2012/13. Total number of students enrolled in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) was recorded at 177,329 in 2013/14 which is not encouraging in a situation when the country needs increasing number of technically skilled manpower both for domestic and overseas markets. The ratio of TVET enrolment to Secondary and Higher Secondary school enrolment also marginally decreased to 2.20% in 2013/14 from 2.34% in 2012/13. The Finance Minister in his budget speech (2014/15) mentioned that training of international standard will be imparted to a total of 2 lakh 60 thousand individuals over a period of three years using 32 institutes of three ministries, SME department of Bangladesh Bank, PKSF and 9 industrial organizations. The target is to produce skilled manpower of around 15 lakh by the next 10 years. The six priority sectors identified for employment of the skilled manpower are: (1) garment industry (2) construction sector (3) information technology (4) light engineering, (5) leather and footwear industry and (6) ship building 131 .

An important consideration in skill Box 7: Progress in skill development of disabled development is to ensure increased persons participation of women and disabled persons • National equal opportunity campaigns have in skill development training and activities. resulted in a 50% increase (compared to 2011) National campaigns on gender equality have in TVET enrolment of persons with disabilities resulted in remarkable increase in the (PWDs). • For providing effective support to the disabled number of women enrolling in TVET courses. persons, number of instructors with disabilities There has been a 20% increase in the also increased. (compared to 2011 figures) female enrolment • Both public and private TVET organizations in TVET courses. The adoption of equal have documented equal opportunity policies opportunity employment policies has led to a with a focus on persons with disabilities. • A number of private organizations have 20% increase in the female TVET instructors developed and implemented specific programs 132 and managers . There has also been for persons with disabilities. improvement in involving disabled persons in Source : http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/Whatwedo/ skill development training. A picture of such Projects development can be seen in Box 7.

5.1.2. Policy developments/programmes underway and need for further action

Programme 6 of the CIP has a budget of 2680 million USD in 2013/14 (21% of the total CIP budget), which represented 11.8% increase over the previous year’s budget, of which 2542 million USD has already been financed (73% by GoB and 27% by DPs) as of June 2014. The total number of projects under the programme were 86 of which 17 completed, 48 ongoing and 21 were in the pipeline. Of the four sub-programmes of programme 6, the single major one was sub-programme 6.1 which had 56 projects and accounted for 90% of the total

130 Annual Report (2013-14). Bangladesh Bank. Ministry of Finance, Government of Bangladesh. 131 Budget Speech (2014/15) op. cit. 132 http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/Whatwedo/Projects

66 budget for the programme in 2013/14. The total budget allocation for the programme in 2013/14 had increased by 12% over the previous year, due to increase in the number of projects. Total delivery of this programme in 2013/14 was 398 million USD which represented a decline in delivery from the previous year (2012/13) by 21%. The cumulative delivery of the programme was 1354 million USD, which represents only 53% of the programme’s financed budget. The Department of Agricultural Marketing (DAM) has been implementing a project entitled Strengthening of Marketing Services for Farmer’ Marketing Groups through the Market Infrastructures built in the North-western Region. The project started in July/13 and is scheduled to be completed by June/15. The purpose of the project is to assist farmers’ marketing groups in receiving fair prices of products by making use of the 75 market infrastructures built through the recently completed North-west Crop Diversification Project. Increasing marketing efficiency of farmers’ marketing groups through training on marketing techniques and agro-processing is also an important objective of the project. The Government passed the Union Parishad Development Planning Rules 2013 which outlined the planning activities of Union Parishads including (i) updating of annual development programme activities following the Five Year Plans, (ii) inclusion of projects prioritized on the basis of public utilities in the Union Parishad Development Plans and (iii) inclusion of projects being implemented by NGOs in the Union Parishad Development Plans. The Government formulated the National Skill Development Policy 2011 with the vision of empowering all eligible individuals to access decent employment and ensure Bangladesh’s competitiveness in the global market through improved skills, knowledge and qualifications. The Hortex Foundation, through implementation of Supply Chain Development Component (SCDC) of the National Agricultural Technology (NATP), made good progress to integrate small and marginal farmers and agribusiness enterprises into modern value chain during the project implementation from 2008 to 2014. The initiative piloted and established a network of 25 Commodity Collection and Marketing Centres, and shortened the supply chain into two segments ( faria and collectors). The SCDC developed 62 high potential value chains in 20 Upazilas of 13 districts and provided support for post-harvest management, improvement of market linkages and enterprise development activities 133 . Needs for further actions in this area include: ‹ Improve physical access to markets: Although there has been significant expansion of road communication system over the past decades, existing roads, railways and waterways are insufficient to keep pace with the growing economic activities, particularly in rural areas. The Government’s priorities to improve communication infrastructure are: (1) construction of Padma Multipurpose Bridge by 2018, (2) construction of a tunnel underneath the Karnaphuli river, (3) conversion of nationally important highways into four lanes gradually, (4) modernize railways with construction of double lines and provision of other improved facilities, and (5) construction of another sea port at Moheshkhali 134 . Bangladesh has an extensive network of rivers, canals and other forms of water areas. But these networks are not properly utilized due to insufficient water flows and various manmade interventions.

133 Hortex Newsletter, Volume 13, No. 4, October-December 2013. Hortex Foundation, Dhaka. 134 Budget Speech (2014-15) op cit.

Priority needs to be given for improving waterways in the country by recovering and excavating the rivers and canals. ‹ Reduce wastage and quality loss of food products: Wasta ge and qua lity loss of food products under storage and transportation is a serious problem in the marketing system in the country. For brinjal and okra, voluminous packages made up of bamboo baskets and gunny sacks are used for long distance transportation and consequently wastage is high due to vibration and internal heat generation 135 . For long distance transportation, mini and large trucks without any cooling facilities are used. There is scope to introduce plastic packages, plastic net bags, foam wrap and corrugated fibreboard boxes to reduce wastage and maintain quality during storage and transportation of the products. While some large private companies such as PRAN, Aarong and Milk Vita have covered vans and cold chain transport vehicles, most of the traders use traditional vehicles for transporting food and other agricultural products. The Hortex Foundation has acquired a fleet of cool chain transport vehicles for renting out to the traders of fruits and vegetables. More of such services need to be made available to the food traders and manufacturers at affordable prices.

‹ Further reduce wage difference between men and women: The wage differential between men and women decreased to 30% in 2013/14 from 40% in the previous year which is a positive outcome. Wage parity between women and men is closely linked with women’s empowerment. Empirical evidence showed that the rate of increase in empowerment with increase in income and education was higher for men than for women in agricultural decision making. Thus women with higher income and higher education similar to men may still remain less empowered than men in agricultural decision making, as this is considered a male domain 136 . While measures should be taken to further improve women’s empowerment and reduce wage differentials between men and women, rigorous analysis also needs to be done to examine productivity differentials between men and women in similar type of activities. ‹ Strengthen support to agro-processing: The agro-processing industry accounts for over 22% of all manufacturing production and employs about 20% of labour force in the country 137 . Agro-processing including canning of fruits and vegetables, growing mushroom and production of dried food has considerable potential for income and nutrition. To promote agro-processing activities, Bangladesh Bank launched a scheme of Taka 1.0 billion in 2011 for financing the agro-based product processing industries in the areas outside Divisional Head Quarters and Narayanganj town. The size of the fund increased to Taka 4.0 billion in 2013. A total of Taka 5.0 billion was disbursed under this scheme up to the end of June 2014 against 1897 enterprises on revolving basis 138 . Bangladesh Bank has also instructed to reserve 15% of total SME funds exclusively for women entrepreneurs at 10% interest rate. These opportunities

135 Hassan, K. and S. Raha (2013). Improving the Marketing System Performance for Fruits and Vegetables in Bangladesh. Research conducted under NFPCSP financing. FAO, Dhaka. 136 Sraboni et al. (2013). The Women’s empowerment in Agriculture Index: Results from the 2011/12 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey. International Food Policy Research Institute, Dhaka. 137 7th Meeting of the Working Group on Industrial Cooperation, 8-10 October, 2012. 138 Bangladesh Bank Annual Report 2013-14. Ministry of Finance. Government of Bangladesh.

needs to be exploited through selection of appropriate technology, compliance with quality standards, training and skill development of entrepreneurs and workers. ‹ Promote employment generation through micro-enterprise development: Results of a recent study showed that the share of crop agriculture in the rural household income declined from 30.0% in 2000 to 27.8% in 2010. Among the non-farm activities, share of the service sector increased significantly. The share of manufacturing also increased during the period. The positive impact of non-farm activities on rural income depend on the wage received and days of employment in the respective sectors (Rahman 2014) 139 . The average days of work in non- agricultural activities are 307 days per year compared to 219 days of work in agricultural work. Thus non-agricultural employment was 40% higher than agricultural employment. Since rural non-farm activities have positive impact on employment and income generation, policy support needs to be provided for expansion of rural non-farm activities for improving productivity of both existing and potential activities.

‹ Enhance skill development, particularly for women and disabled: As has been observed in Table 17, enrolment of students in the TVET institutes decreased in 2013/14 from the previous year which is not a good sign from skill development point of view. The TVET facilities need to be expanded with provision of modern educational equipment and technically skilled manpower. In the agriculture sector, facilities need to be expanded for imparting training to operators and mechanics for improving their technical know-how and skills in machinery operations, repair and maintenance. Skill development also needs to be expanded in non-agricultural activities including agro-processing and manufacturing with particular emphasis on involving women and disabled persons.

‹ Improve information system through use of IT services: For scaling up IT services to different sectors of the economy, the Government has undertaken the programme for transforming 8000 rural post offices and 500 Union post offices to e-centres. Attempts are under way to connect the country with the Second Submarine Cable Consortium 140 . Bangladesh Bank has started collection and compilation of e-banking and e-commence statistics and has incorporated the vital statistics into its publication “Monthly Economic Trends”141 . The Department of Women Affairs has made arrangement for a four month IT training course in 24 districts for skill development in women. Under this programme, a total of 4,080 women will be trained in a year with 20 persons in each batch in two shifts. A total of 1,360 women have been given training under this programme. The Department of Agriculture Marketing (DAM) has undertaken an initiative that would utilize the power of ICT to develop and disseminate critical agricultural market information to farmers, traders, policy makers, development agencies and other stakeholders 142 . Implementation of such schemes needs to be expedited towards realizing the vision of building a digital Bangladesh.

139 Rahman, R. I. (2014). Growth of Rural Non-farm Activities in Bangladesh: Implications for Household Income and Employment. BIDS Policy Brief. April 2014, Dhaka. 140 Budget speech 2014/15 op. cit. 141 Annual Report(2013/14), Bangladesh Bank. op. cit. 142 http://agricultureandfarming.wordpress.com

5.2. Programme 7: Strengthened capacities for implementation and monitoring of the NFP and CIP actions

Programme 7 aims at strengthening organisational and human capacities in designing, implementing and monitoring NFP PoA and CIP. It consists of three sub-programmes focused on strengthening capacities of: (1) the Government in policy implementation, coordination and monitoring; (2) the Government in design, management and CIP operations; and (3) civil society organisations in contributing to CIP development and implementation. Chapter 2 provides the background of the institutional setting for the NFP PoA and CIP and the monitoring framework.

5.2.1 Progress towards achievements Progress under Programme 7 is measured by the indicators presented in Table 18. Table 18: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 7 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source Additional resources mobilized for CIP na na 1,870 969 918 CIP 143 (million USD) monitoring Number na na 72 50 (R) 35 Increase in CIP ongoing projects Value (million monitoring na na 1,755 825 (R) 530 USD) CIP available budget execution CIP na na 49% 73% 53% performance monitoring CIP Monitoring Reports produced na na Produced Produced Produced FPMU R: revised

Additional resources mobilized for CIP During 2013/14, an additional 918 million USD were mobilized in projects previously in pipeline or newly identified. This figure compares to 969 million USD for 2012/13 – the previous reporting year, with a 2 years’ slowdown of fund mobilization by around 952 million USD since 2011/12. The ending period of the CIP explains this decreasing trend: financial allocations to new projects largely fall beyond June 2015 and are therefore not accounted under the CIP financing. Indeed, allocations beyond CIP period for ongoing projects, continuing after June 2015, increased by 143% to 1,635 million USD in 2013/14, from 674 million USD in 2012/13. Moreover, if the increase in potential future commitments (i.e. pipeline projects beyond June 2015) -corresponding to 3,198 million USD in 2013/14 - is also considered, the funds mobilized increased and more than compensated the structural reduction in additional resources mobilized within the CIP.

Increase in projects implemented under the CIP Thirty-five projects (new or previously in pipeline) were newly implemented in 2013/14, valued at 530 million USD, out of a total additional financing of 918 million USD. The difference between the two figures accounts for revisions in project budgets and project expansion and extension (388 million USD). The number of newly introduced projects decreased to 35 in 2013/14 from the 50 projects newly introduced in 2012/13, and valued at 825 million USD, with the total budget decreasing by 295 million USD in 2013/14 to 530 million USD (Table 18). Diminished contribution from DPs accounted for 64% of this

143 Additional resources mobilized for the CIP is calculated as the total of ongoing and completed projects as of June of each financial year.

reduction, while the remaining 36% derived from GoB. Looking at the shares’ composition of the three specific components, both GoB and DPs diverted financial resources from Access component: in favour of increased proportion of resources to Utilization– GoB, and both Availability and Utilization – DPs, indication of the increasing attention to nutrition (Table 19). Table 19: Number and value of newly introduced projects in 2012/13 and 2013/14 2012/13 2013/14 Changes between 2013/14 & 2012/13

Component No. of Project cost (mn USD) No. of Project cost (mn USD) No. of Project cost (mn USD) projects Total GoB DPs projects Total GoB DPs projects Total GoB DPs Availability 29 237 130 107 25 280 120 161 -4 43 -10 53 Access 16 576 362 214 7 210 177 33 -9 -366 -185 -181 Utilization 5 12 7 5 3 40 13 27 -2 28 6 23 Total 50 825 499 325 35 530 309 221 -15 -294 -190 -104

The number of newly initiated projects reduced for all the FSN components: by 4, 9 and 2 respectively for Availability, Access and Utilization for Nutrition. Interestingly, the only component to have increased budget allocation is Utilization by 28 million USD, suggesting an augmented average size of new projects as their number decreased. For access and availability, both number of new projects and budget allocations decreased (Table 19).

Implementation of the CIP From 1 st July 2011 to 30 th June 2014, disbursements reached 4,760 million USD. This represents 54% of the total financed budget of 8,789 million USD (ongoing and completed projects) as of June 2014 (Table 33 and Table 37). In terms of implementation and absorptive capacity, a slowdown has been registered with an execution performance of 53% in 2013/14, This compares with 73% in 2012/13 (Table 20). However, budget delivery improved from 1,515 million USD in 2012/13 to 1,583 in 2013/14. The reduction in execution performance can be therefore attributed to the revision of the yearly pro-rata budget due to the increase in unspent budget (Section 7.3). Table 20: CIP execution performance 144 2011/12 2012/13 (R) 2013/14 Component Delivery Yearly execution Delivery Yearly execution Delivery Yearly execution (million USD) performance 145 (million USD) performance (million USD) performance Availability 386.5 43% 634 62% 750 47.7% Access 503.9 58% 863 89% 755 58.5% Utilization 22.4 31% 19 26% 78 61.5%

Total 912.8 49% 1515 73% 1583 52.9%

Figure 27 presents cumulative delivery for CIP 2015, 2014 and 2013 by component and programme. During 2013/14, yearly overall progress has been slower than what was

144 Execution performance and delivery rate for CIP 2015 will be finalized in the next days, once the process of financial data validation with IMED book figures is completed. 145 The yearly execution performance is equal to the delivery in a given fiscal year divided by that year’s expected delivery. Expected delivery is in turn calculated as that year’s share of total project costs on a pro-rata basis, adjusting for projects started before the CIP and for others whose end is envisaged beyond the CIP.

71 registered during the previous reporting period. The delivery rate in Access maintained the highest level at 58%, and particularly high for programme 9 (70%), and faster for programme 7 (17 percentage points), over the previous reporting year. The Utilization and Availability advanced faster than in 2012/13. Delivery for Utilization reached 32% (plus 17 percentage points on previous year), sustained by Figure 27: Cumulative delivery in CIP 2015, 2014 and 2013 the performance of Program1 80% programmes 10 and 12 (plus TOTAL Program2 19 and 6 percentage points UTILIZATION 60% Program3 over the previous year, 40% Program12 Program4 respectively). Delivery for 20% Availability reached 51% Program11 0% Program5 (plus 16 percentage points compared to the previous Program10 AVAILABILITY reporting year), with programme 3 increasing to ACCESS Program6

67%, faster (plus 30 Program9 Program7 percentage points) than all Program8 the other programmes, over Delivery first 2 years Delivery first 3 years Delivery first 4 years the last reporting year.

Active institutional framework The Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) of the Ministry of Food supports the various institutions involved in food and nutrition security policy making, planning and operations, such as the secretariat of the cabinet level FPMC and those involved in the inter-ministerial coordination mechanism, articulated into the four TTs, under FPWG coordination (Figure 2). FPMU is actively engaged in strengthening inter ministerial collaboration and data exchange, primarily through TT meetings, as well as informal collaboration. The monitoring report is one of the major results of this interaction which enables Ministries, Divisions, as well as Development Partners, involved within the food and nutrition security domain, to enhance consistency, coordination and efficacy of their investments and operations. In this context and under the coordination of the FPWG, TTs carry out the monitoring of NFP PoA and CIP and support the production of the monitoring report by: collecting financial data, i.e. input indicators, and result indicators at goal, outcome and output level, from the relevant departments and agencies; and contributing to stakeholders’ consultations and to drafting and reviewing the monitoring report. This is a well-established process in which interactions are demonstrated to be increasingly collaborative and effective.

5.2.2 Policy development/programmes underway and needs for further action As of June 2014, programme 7 of CIP channeled 21 million USD representing only 0.2% of total CIP budget of 2013/14, of which 17 million USD is already financed entirely by DPs. Total budget allocation for programme 7 increased by 5% over the previous year. However, the figure is substantially lower than the total budget in 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation (66 million USD). The difference is due to a substantial drop in pipeline projects’ budget. The programme consists of three sub-programmes with a total of 2 completed, 3 ongoing (one for each sub-programme) and 2 pipeline projects. Sub-

72 programme 7.1, on strengthening capacity to implement NFP PoA and CIP, has 2 completed and 1 ongoing projects for a total of 14 million USD. Sub-programmes 7.2 and 7.3 financed respectively 2 and 0.7 million USD and a pipeline of 3.1 and 0.7 million USD, respectively. In 2013/14, budget delivery decreased to 2.7 million USD, from 3.7 million USD and from 3.3 in 2010/11, the first year of implementation. As of June 2014, cumulative budget delivery was 13 million USD, which represents 77% of the programme’s financed budget.

Continued monitoring of food and nutrition security investments, policies and indicators While NFPCSP (2005 - 2015) concluded in March 2015, FPMU staff members continued to coordinate the monitoring process of NFP PoA and CIP with the technical support of FAO- Bangladesh policy support team. The capacity development activities continued throughout 2014 and 2015, although downscaled due to reduced FAO technical support staff, from September 2014 to June 2015. The strengthened skills and competencies of FPMU facilitated ensuring the quality and reliability of financial data and their increased role in collecting the information provided by the TT members and in supporting the update of the CIP financial database to put the monitoring process in place. The process has further evolved towards validating the information from the implementing agencies against ADP official records for the period 2010 – 2014/15, published by the Planning Commission and IMED of the Ministry of Planning. The detailed results of CIP financial analysis can be found in Chapter 7 and Annex 3 of this monitoring report.

The improved role of FPMU FPMU has gradually strengthened its position for multi-sectoral policy advice on food security and nutrition, including co-ordination, monitoring and policy formulation support. For instance, FPMU led the formulation of the Food Safety Act and the national food safety emergency response plan; contributed to the formulation of the nutrition policy; is providing regular support in the production of Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) reports (see programme 11); supported the formulation of the food security and nutrition background paper for the Seventh Five Year Plan (2015-2020), and the progress report of the Planning Commission’s perspective plan of Bangladesh (2010-2021) on food security and nutrition achievements; collaborated with international partners on the availability of nutrition data, specifically by supporting valid international in mapping nutrition sensitive and specific database. FPMU also continued its engagement with operationalizing food and nutrition security related governance mechanisms, such as the new Bangladesh Food Safety Authority and the multi-sectoral National Steering Committee for Nutrition Implementation.

Future challenges in the wake of ICN2 and SUN commitments New opportunities and challenges for FPMU emerge from two international initiatives: firstly, from the outcome of the FAO/WHO organized Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), a high-level intergovernmental meeting that focused global attention on addressing malnutrition in all its forms (19 -21 November, 2014); and secondly, from the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement.

In the ICN2’s Rome Declaration on Nutrition 146 , participating world leaders, including Bangladesh’s Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Food, agreed that “nutrition policies should promote a diversified, balanced and healthy diet at all stages of life” and that “nutrition data and indicators, as well as the capacity of, and support to all countries, for data collection and analysis, need to be improved in order to contribute to more effective nutrition surveillance, policy making and accountability” . Previously, in September 2012, Bangladesh joined the SUN movement, which among other objectives 147 , aims to “ align actions around high quality and well-costed country plans, with an agreed results framework and mutual accountability”. These international initiatives underline FPMU’s key role in monitoring and analysis of investments and policies within food security and nutrition domain: on one side, FPMU’s experience in monitoring food and nutrition security policies, investments and indicators, including tracking nutrition sensitive and specific investments; and, on the other, FPMU’s commitment to formulate a National Food and Nutrition Security Policy, Plan of Action, and the new Country Investment Plan.

Planning and costing nutrition actions Tracking financial resource flows to nutrition actions is fundamental for improved nutrition accountability for a country. To this end, the NFP PoA and CIP monitoring provides a better understanding of nutrition-relevant budget allocations as a major and necessary step prior to tracking actual expenditures. FPMU with technical support from FAO has been closely engaging with sectoral stakeholders through the thematic teams to categorize budget allocations identified in the key FSN sectors. In this respect, the CIP implementation builds strongly on the mechanism in place for monitoring the NFP PoA, and projects and programmes financed through the Annual Development Programme (ADP) as part of the national planning process. Budget allocations have been categorized under the three dimensions of food security, namely, food availability, food access and nutrition. Following the participation of the MoHFW at a SUN Global Workshop held in Bangkok in April 2015, FPMU supported the team in categorizing programmes as nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive and contributed to assigning weightage to programmes. Weightages of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% respectively were assigned to programmes: (a) identified as nutrition specific (with high impact evidence), (b) programmes with clear nutrition objective and well defined nutrition interventions, (c) programmes as part of sector wide programme and address underlying determinants of malnutrition and (d) programmes that work at environment or population level and that address characteristics related to nutrition outcomes.

The MUCH programme in support of Programme 7 commenced On 14 January 2015, in response to a Government request to continue supporting Programme 7, GoB and FAO signed a project document on Meeting the Under-nutrition Challenge (MUCH, 2015-2020) in support of the Government’s efforts to address food

146 During the Second International Conference on Nutrition held in Rome on 19-21 November 2014, world leaders committed to establishing national policies aimed at eradicating malnutrition and transforming food systems to make nutritious diets available to all. The two main outcome documents, endorsed by participating governments, were The Rome Declaration on Nutrition and the Framework for Action. 147 The four SUN strategic objectives are to: (i) Create an enabling political environment, with strong in-country leadership, and a shared space (multi-stakeholder platforms) where stakeholders align their activities and take joint responsibility for scaling up nutrition; (ii) Establish best practice for scaling up proven interventions, including the adoption of effective laws and policies; (iii) Align actions around high quality and well-costed country plans, with an agreed results framework and mutual accountability; (iv) Increase resources, directed towards coherent, aligned approaches.

74 insecurity and malnutrition in the country. MUCH follows up on the positive outcomes of NFPCSP and is being funded by contributions worth 20 million USD from USAID and EU. MUCH is based in FPMU and collaborates with other key ministries for food and nutrition security, as well as with civil society and the private sector. The new intervention will focus on strengthening the enabling environment and improve Government capacity for eradicating food insecurity and malnutrition, and specifically, on improving GoB capacity for: (i) developing national food security and nutrition sectoral/cross-sectoral policy frameworks, cross-sectoral and sectoral investment plans, and programmes; (ii) human resource and organizational development; (iii) ensuring adequate resource allocation and use; (iv) effectively engaging in dialogue with civil society and private sector on policies and programmes; and (v)monitoring and mapping trends and analyzing sectoral and stakeholders’ contribution to food security and nutrition, by involving FPMU and FSN related ministries.

The project Strengthening Capacity for Aid Effectiveness in Bangladesh under Mid-Term Review The project Strengthening Capacity for Aid Effectiveness in Bangladesh (2011 - 2016) is being implemented by Economic Relations Division, Ministry of Finance and jointly funded by DFAT, DANIDA, DFID, UNDP and GoB. Total budget of the project is 4.54 million USD, although the project faces a funding gap of 1.36 million USD 148 . The project aims to improve the effectiveness, transparency and accountability in allocation, management and use of foreign assistance by strengthening national aid management capacities and systems, as well as by enhancing collective dialogue and coordination mechanisms, in order to achieve improved development results. This is to be achieved by: (1) enhancing GoB’s aid information management capacities and access to aid information by Parliament and civil society; (2) strengthening aid management capacities of the Economic Relations Division and selected Line Ministries and (3) strengthening the Local Consultative Group Mechanisms. In this context, a midterm review of the project is under implementation.

Strengthening Public Expenditure Management Progra mme (SPEMP) The Strengthening Public Expenditure Management Programme (SPEMP, 2011 – 2017) is a 114 million USD umbrella programme to reform the public financial management system. SPEMP is financed by a Multi Donor Trust Fund, with joint contributions from DFID, EU, DANIDA, CIDA and EKN and is administered and technically supported by the World Bank. The programme aims to improve efficiency, effectiveness and accountability in managing and utilizing public funds, in order to boost the implementation of national development priorities, such as accelerated poverty reduction and sustainable economic growth. SPEMP’s expected outcome is to increase the rate of implementation of ADP projects, by facilitating increased disbursement of aid. The programme consists of three projects executed by the Government to: (i) reform activities in budget preparation and execution; (ii) strengthen internal and external audit; and (iii) legislative oversight. As of May 2014 major achievements include: (1) contributing to design and implement a new integrated budget and accounting system for improved budgeting, accounting and reporting functions; 160 sub-district account offices are currently using the new system; (2) enrolling over 100 audit staff in professional accreditation courses; (3) providing training on

148 https://jobs.undp.org/cj_view_job.cfm?cur_job_id=46168

75 public financial management to more than 6,600 GoB officials; (4) completing 12 pilot audits, of which six covered high impact areas (procurement, public debt, revenue, public works, forensic and investigative, and environmental); (5) reviewing and clearing 350 audit reports and settling 5,550 audit objections, reducing the audit backlog by 95%; and (6) contributing to the design of MIS and drafting amended rules of procedures for the parliamentary financial oversight committees 149 .

Implementing a results-based M&E system for social protection programmes As discussed under Programme 9, no formal mechanism for regularly reviewing the overall performance of the Social Protection System (SPS) is currently in place. The new NSPS suggested the establishment of a comprehensive result-based M&E framework for proper planning and implementation of SPS. The General Economics Division (GED) of the Planning Commission, in collaboration with IMED and with the support of Local Government institutions and NSSA, will coordinate the establishment of the M&E system. A task force comprising Government officials and national experts under the supervision of GED, will be developing an M&E framework to be implemented from July 2015.

Enhanced capacity of DG Food and FPMU to monitor and manage food stocks The World Bank has provided a soft loan of 210 million USD to GoB for the Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSFP), to be implemented from 2014 to 2020 with a total budget of 240 million USD. The project aims to increase grain storage capacity at national and household levels, to meet the post-disaster needs and to improve the efficiency of grain storage management. The project will invest around 10% of the total budget to support food planning and policies (10 million USD); and to support the food monitoring programme (15 million USD).

The Integrated Agricultural Productivity Project (IAPP) at its mid stage of implementation In 2014, the IAPP TA component undertook an internal midterm review (IMTR) that gathered evidence of enhanced capacities in developing and implementing investment programmes in agriculture, food security and nutrition, both in the public sector and with a number of key farmers’ organizations. IMTR recommendations included: to enhance results’ sustainability by focusing on strengthening a limited number of entities in the Government (such as planning wings in the ministries, extension services, planning commission); and to collaborate with national education partners to anchor capacity development activities into long term education activities. The partnerships involve the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre, the Dhaka University, the Bangladesh Technical Education Board and the Agricultural Technical Institutes. Moreover, the project supports capacity strengthening to sustain nutrition sensitive investment, by developing nutrition curricula for extension workers, as well as activities to better empower Farmers’ Organizations that engage into the investment cycle. Needs for further actions in this area include: ‹ Formulate the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (NFNSP), Plan of Action and the new Country Investment Plan: Food and nutrition policy related functions under FPMU will be further strengthened in the coming years, through FPMU engagement with MFSFP on food management, and with MUCH on food and

149 http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cidaweb/cpo.nsf/vWebCSAZEn/6532D962CE5E78258525782A003C802B

nutrition security policy analysis and monitoring. In this context of growing commitments for FPMU, 2015 is a key year as it is the end year of MDGs, CIP, PoA of NFP, and of the Sixth Five Year Plan. FPMU will play a fundamental role in coordinating the participatory process of producing the new FNS policy, action and investment documents. Mainstreaming nutrition sensitive interventions, climate change, food processing, non-grain food price monitoring will be some of the focus areas. ‹ Mainstream capacity development components in the NFNSP, PoA, and the new CIP : DPs maintain a pivotal role in supporting Government activities under Programme 7. As partners in CIP, DPs constitute a crucial source of accurate and consistent financial data on ongoing and planned investments in the CIP (see Chapter 7). DPs role in valorising lessons learned from the CIP monitoring process, including its outcomes in future planning and priority setting, will be pivotal in producing the policy, action and investment documents. Furthermore, the inclusion of capacity development components in DPs financed projects will continue playing an important role in improving delivery and effectiveness, as well as sustainability of national capacities. ‹ Expedite provision of additional FPMU staff: The collaboration with MFSFP and MUCH will involve a substantial increase in FPMU activities and commitments. Moreover, FSNIS could become the platform where all relevant FSN data are readily available (programme 11). To ensure proper functioning and expansion of FSNIS system and to maintain the commitments with MSFSP and MUCH, FPMU staff need to be increased and its capacity further strengthened. ‹ Strengthen implementation capacity and accelerate operations: Execution performance decreased from 73% in 2012/13 to 53% in 2013/14 (Table 20). While the budget delivery has improved, inadequate organizational and human capacities are still major constraints for effective implementation and management of investment operations. Implementation delays represent challenges in operationalization of projects. At organizational level, multiple ministries are involved in project programming, budgeting and implementation. The complexity of the process contributes to delays, reduced efficiency and accountability, amidst the political situation. Moreover, sectoral challenges were faced with implementation of nutrition interventions. Enhancement in ADP management, including capacity building for planning and monitoring, as well as improvement in the procurement system, need to be further strengthened to improve the rate of implementation and delivery of CIP.

5.3. Programme 8: Enhanced public food management system

Public food management in Bangladesh aims to: i) stabilize rice and wheat supply against the negative impacts resulting from natural disasters, and international/domestic price fluctuations; ii) support poor households’ livelihoods by distributing grains through safety net programmes (see programme 9); and iii) support farmers’ incomes by sustaining grains’ prices during harvest, in case of excessively low prices. Public food management operations involve both domestic procurement, import, effective grain storage and distribution.

5.3.1. Progress towards achievements Programme 8 aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the public food management system. It corresponds to two PoA AoIs: enhanced public procurement system to support producer prices (PoA AoI 1.10) and improved management of public stocks and price stabilization (PoA AoI 1.11). Programme 8 is articulated in three sub-programmes and aims to: (1) enhance efficiency and effectiveness of public food management system and improve its impacts on price stabilization, (2) build capacities of the Ministry of Food and DG Food to better manage the food system and (3) increase and modernise public storage and handling capacity, including in disaster prone areas. Table 21 shows the relevant output indicators and their status of achievement. Table 21: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 8 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source indicators Effective grain storage capacity at ITDS, Food 1,493 1,529 1,620 1,685 1,794 close of fiscal year (thousand MT) Directorate Average use of effective MISM, Food Government foodgrain storage 38% 65% 80% 73% 60% Directorate capacity (%) Actual boro procurement (thousand MISM, Food 1,168 563 1,015 810 1,064 MT) Directorate Achievement of public boro MISM, Food 78% 49% 97% 81% 97% procurement target (%) Directorate Wholesale price during the boro DAM (Wholesale procurement period as % of boro 148% 129% 94% 108% 116% price); MoA (Cost per unit cost production of production) National Budget Actual closing stock as % of budget 64% 114% 107% 94% 81% & FPMU Stock target 150 Flow Table Quantity of rice distributed through MISM, DG Food; 0.90% 0.96% 1.00% 0.17% 0.79% OMS as % of total domestic supply BBS Note: Boro procurement for a certain fiscal year represents total boro procurement for the season beginning in the last part of the given fiscal year (e.g. boro procurement for 2012/13 represents the procurement throughout the 2013 boro season). R: revised

Effective grain storage capacity continued increasing Effective foodgrain storage capacity increased by 20.2%, over the reference period 2007/08 – 2013/14, reaching 1.79 million MT in 2013/14 from 1.69 million MT in 2012/13 (Table 21). This is consistent with the Government’s efforts to increase foodgrains’ storage and handling capacities, on the wake of the 2007/08 food price crises. These efforts aimed at reinforcing the capacity to cope with the negative effects of market price volatility and of natural disasters. While the target for increased storage capacity is 2.2 million MT by 2015, current estimates point at about 2 million MT by 2015 and about 2.5 million MT by 2020 (Table 22)151 . The major increase in storage capacity will result from the new World Bank financed Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSFP) which will add capacity for 0.54 million tons by 2020 152 . While expanding storage capacity is certainly an important priority, rehabilitation, maintenance and modernization of the existing storage facilities play an important role in sustaining the national capacity.

150 Actual closing stock for year ‘X’ corresponds to opening stocks of June ‘X’, plus domestic procurement and total import of year ‘X’, minus off-take of year ‘X’. This figure compares against the budget closing target as planned by the Ministry of Food. 151 Talukder R. K. et al. (2014). “Seventh Five Year Plan Preparation Background Paper on Food Security and Nutrition”. 152 MFSFP (2013). Modern Food Storage Facilities Project. Project Appraisal Document submitted to the Government of Bangladesh by International Development Association. World Bank. December 2013.

Table 22: Construction of foodgrain storage capacity under way by the Ministry of Food Implementation Capacity Name of the food storage project period (000 MT) Construction of grain silos at Mongla port Jan/10 – Jun/ 15 50 Construction of silo under Modern Flour Mill Project at Postgola Jul/12 – Jun/15 10 Construction of Multistoried Warehouse at Santahar grain silo Jan/12 – Jun/15 25 Construction of new food godowns Jul/13 – Jun/16 105 Construction of 8 modern grain silos through Bangladesh Modern Food Jan/14 – Jun/20 535 Storage Facilities Project Total foodgrain storage capacity By 2020 725 Source: MoFood

Utilization of storage capacity varied on an increasing trend Average utilization of the effective storage capacity fluctuated over the past years: in the wake of the food price crisis, it increased from 38% in 2007/08 to 79% in 2008/09, as a consequence of the increased stocking capacity and production; it decreased for the two following years and bounced back up to 80% in 2011/12, then decreased to 73% in 2012/13 and reached 60% in 2013/14 (Table 21). The average annual utilization conceals the seasonal stock variations determined by domestic procurement, import and public distribution decisions, which follow different seasonal patterns. In 2013/14, for instance, public foodgrain stock ranged from 1.27 million tons in October to 0.99 million tons in January, representing effective utilization of about 71% and 55% respectively. The required stocking capacity is determined by the utilization in the peak season, which normally coincides with the final stage of the boro procurement, generally around October.

Domestic procurement during boro season increased The aim of domestic foodgrain procurement system is twofold: to sustain farm gate prices at harvest time in support of farmers’ income; and to build the public stocks for both regular distribution, for instance through safety net programmes, and for facing emergencies arising out of the adverse impacts of natural calamities. The main factors affecting procurement Figure 28: Boro procurement, wholesale Figure 29: Boro procurement and rice price and production cost procurement in rice production (% share)

1200 40 1200 20%

900 30 15% 800 600 20

Tk/Kg 10% Million MT Million 300 10 400

Million MT Million 5% 0 0

0 0% 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Boro Procurement Wholesale Price Boro Procurement Procurement in total production (% share) Production Cost Procurement Price Source: Food Directorate, MoFood Source: Food Directorate, MoFood are: (i) the cost of production, the domestic market price, and their gap – generally, the lower the gap, the higher is the procurement price; (ii) the world price of rice and wheat – the lower the price, the cheaper is importing grains for the public distribution and (iii) the change in quantity of rice produced. Total domestic boro procurement in 2014 (reported under 2013/14) reached 1.06 million MT, up 0.25 million MT from previous boro procurement seasons (Table 21). The increase

79 occurred even though the difference between wholesale price and production cost widened over the previous year (Figure 28). Boro procurement followed the pattern that in years of relatively higher prices, such as 2010 and 2013, the Government procured less than in years of relatively lower prices, such as 2009 and 2012 (Figure 28). Looking at the evolution of procurement and its share in total production, there seems to be a positive correlation between quantity produced and procured (Figure 29).

Difference between wholesale rice price and cost of boro production increased In 2014 boro procurement season, and for a second consecutive year, the average wholesale price of coarse rice continued to remain higher than the average cost of production (Table 23). While the production cost has been steadily increasing since 2007/08, the wholesale price during boro season – computed as the April-to-June average price of each fiscal year – followed an erratic trend over the reference period (Figure 28). The trend in procurement, wholesale price, and production costs for both aman and boro over the reference period is depicted in Table 23. Procument prices have exceeded production costs in all the years (except 2007/08 for boro ), implying that the policy of providing incentive to farmers is working. The impact of procurement on price at the time of harvest is less distortive when price information is readily available for farmers and other marketing agents. The Government is accordingly trying to make early announcement of the procurement price. Table 23: Procurement, wholesale prices, and production cost of aman /boro Procurement Price (tk/kg) Wholesale Price (tk/kg) Production Cost (tk/kg) aman boro aman boro aman boro 2007/08 20.00 18.00 24.10 29.60 16.73 19.98 2008/09 26.00 28.00 24.70 18.00 20.75 21.17 2009/10 22.00 22.00 21.80 25.40 20.71 21.65 2010/11 - 28.00 31.01 28.96 22.41 23.06 2011/12 28.00 29.00 25.81 23.65 24.75 24.27 2012/13 26.00 28.00 23.53 26.67 24.76 26.00 2013/14 30.00 29.00 30.75 30.69 25.52 26.50 Notes: Wholesale price of aman rice represents three months average price of coarse rice from November to January and that of boro represents three months average price from April to June of each fiscal year. Source: MoFood, MoA

Boro procurement remained closer to target while wholesale market price increased In 2013/14 ( boro season 2014), 97% of the boro procurement target was achieved, up from 81% registered in the previous year, reverting to the 2011/12 level (Table 21). The years of low achievement usually coincide with seasons of high or rising market price, which constitutes sufficient incentives to farmers and makes procurement redundant. However, 2011 and 2014 represent exceptions, as boro procurement remained closer to target even though market prices were increasing. This could be explained by the behaviour of international prices and the need for public stock building.

Mismatch between actual and budget closing stock widened Closing stock for 2013/14 consists of domestic procurement and import minus off-take, occurring in the same year. In 2013/14 the mismatch between actual closing stock and target closing stock widened, with actual stock representing 81% of target, down from previous year’s 94%. The gap increased due to lower domestic procurement (1.4 MMT) and

80 import (0.93 MMT) than what was planned (1.6 and 1.25 MMT, respectively), while the level of actual off-take remained close to the target (2.6 MMT and 2.7 MMT, respectively). The trend in actual closing stock as percentage of the target has been quite unstable during the reference period, with a maximum (114%) registered in 2009/10 and a minimum of 47% in 2010/11, mainly due to record high level off-take in the same year.

Distribution through open market sales increased Open Market Sales (OMS) is a monetized distribution channel implemented to stabilize foodgrain price. Originally introduced in the late 1980s to stabilize the market prices during the lean seasons of September-November and January-April, OMS was strengthened in response to the 2007/08 food price crisis. OMS rice distribution constituted around 1.0% of total annual rice supply over recent years. In 2013/14, the proportion reached 0.8% up from 0.17% only registered over the previous year. This was in line with the increased coarse rice price relative to 2012/13. Procurement prices in 2013/14 were slightly lower than wholesale prices but slightly above production costs (Table 21). Even though this annualized OMS percentage figure is not of great magnitude, the importance of OMS in price stabilization must not be underestimated. Typically, this intervention channel is seasonal and targets urban areas and poor households. While the empirical analysis on OMS is scanty, anecdotal evidence suggests that the Figure 30: Public food grain distribution instrument is beneficial for urban poor 3000 39% 40% 2500 during lean periods. Distribution 29% 30% 2000 27% through OMS as proportion of total 1500 20% 20% channelled Public Food Distribution 16% 16% 1000 System (PFDS) reached 29% in 2013/14, MT Thousand 9% 10% 500 up from 16% in the previous year and 0 0% from 20% in 2007/08. The record high distribution through OMS was in 2010/11, representing 39% of TR, GR, other VGF VGD FFW Ration & FM OMS distribution through PFDS during the OMS (% of PFDS) 153 year . Source: Food Directorate, MoFood

5.3.2 Policy developments/programmes under way and need for further action Programme 8 of CIP accounts for 393 million USD representing 3% of total CIP budget of 2013/14, of which 284 million USD is already financed (89% by GoB and 11% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 8 increased by 11% over the previous year. The programme consists of three sub-programmes with a total of 5 completed, 4 ongoing and 4 pipeline projects. Under sub-programme 8.3, on increasing and modernizing public food storage and handling facilities, it is concentrated the bulk of the programme’s budget (97%). The sub-programme consists of 5 completed, 4 ongoing and 3 pipeline projects. Budget delivery for this programme decreased to 43 million USD from 61 million USD in 2012/13 and from 29 million USD in 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation. As

153 This represents distribution under OMS alone. If distribution through Fair Price Card (FPC), Freedom Fighter and 4th class Government employee categories are taken into account – as is done in many reportings - OMS would account for 52% of total distribution through PFDS.

81 of June 2014, the cumulative delivery was 165 million USD, which corresponds to 58% of the programme’s financed budget.

Expanding food storage capacity The Modern Food Storage Facility Project (MFSFP) aims to improve food storage capacity both quantitatively and qualitatively, by developing eight modern grain silos at strategic locations (Table 24) and adopting preservation technologies to ensure grain quality, reduction of storage losses, preserve grain nutritional content, improve monitoring, governance and management of food stocks. While the bulk of the funding (about 70%) will be used to build serve the modern silo facilities, the project will also support: the construction of small scale silos at household level; the implementation of Social and Environmental Management Plans; the capacity development of the DG Food and FPMU. Table 24: MFSFP Silo sites, selection criteria/expected outcome Total Capacity Silo Sites Region Commodity Criteria/Expected Outcome (535,500 MT) Barisal CSD* & M South-Centre Rice Disaster relief (Cyclone) 48,000 Pasha Khulna silo Narayangonj CSD Centre-South Rice Disaster relief (Flooding) 48,000 Modhupur CSD North Rice High surplus production 48,000 Mymensing CSD North Rice High surplus production 48,000 High consumption/food deficit Dhaka CSD Centre Rice 48,000 reduction Ashugonj silo North -East Rice Processing/logistics hub 105,000 Maheshwarpasha North-East Wheat Processing/logistics hub 76,200 Increase supply at national Chittagang silo South-West Wheat 114,300 level *Central Storage Depot Source: DG Food

Needs for further action in this area include: ‹ Strengthen capacities to manage PFDS through training and technological adoption: The efficiency and effectiveness of the public food management system depends critically on investing to: support human capacity development, through staff training; establish the Centre for Food Management Training and Operational Research; build modern storage facilities to cope with climate change impact; establish decentralized laboratories to test food grain quality; digitalize stock management and PFDS operations. The implementation of MFSFP is responding to those instances by providing institutional capacity enhancement and skill development of the DG Food and supporting a series of studies specifically related to public food management, to be coordinated by the FPMU. ‹ Boost public procurement system’s effectiveness through applied research: Domestic procurement largely depends on foodgrain price, cost of production, and their difference. However, sometimes procurement increases even with increasing price. This underlines that investigating on the inter-linkages between producer, market and procurement prices is still a priority, as quantitative evidence remains scanty. The implications of different procurement prices on the effectiveness of public distribution system, taking into account the impact on incentives, need to be established. In order to flexibly use domestic procurement and foodgrain imports,

more research on foodgrain domestic and international markets, and on estimating private food grain stocks is also essential. The MFSFP will accordingly conduct large surveys to estimate food stocks in the country. Moreover, additional efforts are required for anticipating announcements on procurement price. Overall effectiveness of domestic procurement on market price is not likely to be high because procurement constitutes a tiny portion of total rice supply in the country. To prevent small farmers’ distress sale during harvest, storage loan in line with the SHOGUREP (Shoshya Gudam Reen Prokolpo) model may be expanded in the country. ‹ Plan PFDS operations consistently with NSPS and emergency response needs: While GoB is expanding food operations by constructing more food storage capacities, the newly formulated NSPS suggests moving from food to cash -based transfer programmes. While some food-based programmes will continue to run (for instance, school feeding, therapeutic feeding programmes for undernourished children, OMS operations and disaster relief), this may decelerate the increase in volume of food-based operations in support of the poor. It is therefore important to plan PFDS operations accordingly, primarily stock rotations, by identifying adequate channels and minimizing distorting impacts on the market. This would require adopting a flexible approach to divert food stock rotation flows towards safety net programmes in years when there is lesser need for price stabilization or disaster relief interventions. For example, within workfare based programmes, participants could be remunerated, with a flexible mix of both cash and food, which could vary depending on the volume of stocks.

5.4. Programme 9: Institutional development and capacity development for more effective safety nets

Programme 9 aims to improve the effectiveness and targeting of social safety nets by investing in institutional and capacity development via two sub-programmemes: (1) strengthen institutional capacities to effectively operate social safety net programmes and to formulate a new integrated strategy; (2) invest in income and employment generation through social safety nets. Programme 9 is aligned with two AoIs in NFP PoA: improvements in coverage and effectiveness of emergency food distribution from public stocks (PoA AoI 2.2) and improvements in targeting, leakage, coverage and adequacy of food-based safety- net programmes (PoA AoI 2.4). 5.4.1. Progress towards achievements Table 25: Progress towards achievement of CIP Programme 9 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source

VGF (lakh person) na 366.7 88.0 85.0 64.7 Budgeted National VGD (lakh person coverage of na 88.3 88.3 90.3 91.3 Budget, MoF month) Safety net programmes expenditure as Finance na 1.95% 1.88% 1.68% 1.61% % of GDP Division, MoF Budgeted coverage of employment National generation programmefor the poor (in na 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.9 Budget million person month) Quantity of VGF and GR distributed (in MISM, DG 226 285 209 304 480 Thousand MT) Food R: Revised

Decreasing trend in share of expenditure on social safety nets In nominal terms, the total SSN budget for 2013/14 slightly increased to 190 billion taka from 175 billion taka in 2012/13, and is expected to further increase to 226 billion taka in the 2014/15. The share of social safety nets’ (SSN) spending 154 in GDP has further declined in 2013/14 to 1.61% from 1.68% in 2012/13, after a downward revision in 2013/14 revised budget (Table 25). The decline in SSN expenditure as a percentage of GDP is progressively slowing down, after peaking at 2.12% in 2010/11. However, provisional figure for 2014/15 reverse this downward trend with SSN spending reaching 2.3% of GDP and projections for 2017/18 up to 2.7% of the GDP 155 . Share of food security programmes in SSN budget Figure 31: SSN share in Social Protection and remained between 37% and 42% over Total GoB Budget the period 2009/10 – 2013/14. 80% 16% SSN spending as share of total GoB 60% 12% budget steadily declined for four consecutive years - from 12.9% in 40% 8% 2010/11, to 8.8% in 2013/14. Similarly, the share of SSN in overall social 20% 4% protection spending 156 has constantly 0% 0% decreased over the same period - from Revised Revised Revised Revised Revised Budget 80.2% in 2010/11, to 71.2% in 2013/14 - 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 but is expected to increase to 73.5% in SSN, % of Social Protection budget SSN, % GoB budget 2014/15 (Figure 31). Source: MoF

Coverage of VGF decreased while that of VGD increased The budgeted coverage of Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF) decreased down to 65 lakh persons in 2013/14 from 85 lakh persons in 2012/13. However, the quantity of food distributed under VGF and Gratuitous Relief (GR) increased by 58%, reaching 0.48 MMT in 2013/14 up from 0.3 MMT in 2012/13, probably due to the necessity of quicker stock rotation in a year of higher procurement. The higher volume distributed through these channels reflects the increased food staple availability. The Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) programme, typically development oriented, includes a training/schooling component, in addition to providing support to destitute rural women 157 . In 2013/14, VGD coverage increased marginally to 91 lakh person months from 90 lakh in 2012/13, after remaining stable at 88 lakh person months for the previous three years (Table 25). Information available from the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs (MoWCA) showed that from 2001 to 2015, the cumulative number of beneficiaries stood at 4350,000 under the VGD programme. The selected women are given fortified rice in 10 Upazilas that

154 The definition of SSN used here includes cash, non-cash transfers and food-for-work. Moreover, it corresponds to what the MoF budgetary reports call “Social Protection”. 155 National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS) of Bangladesh, Third Draft, January 26, 2014. General Economics Division, Planning Commission, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. 156 While for the Government SSN spending consists of social protection and social empowerment spending, in this report social protection spending, being a more comprehensive category, corresponds to the sum of SSN and social empowerment spending. 157 B. Sen and Z. Ali (2015), “Ending Extreme Poverty in Bangladesh During the Seventh Five Year Plan: Trends, Drivers and Policies – Background Paper for the Preparation of the Seventh Five Year Plan”, prepared for the General Economics Division (GED), Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh, January, 2015.

84 ensures improvement of the family members’ nutritional needs. An impact evaluation on VGD, done by RDA and BARD revealed that as a result of participation in VGD programme, womens’ decision making in the family and society increased. Their awareness on intake of nutritious food, safe drinking water, sanitation and health seeking behaviour also increased.

Increased coverage of employment Box 8: Testing acceptability of fortified rice by generation programme for the poorest beneficiaries of VGD and VGF The Employment Generation Programme BRAC carried out a study on the acceptability of for the Poorest (EGPP), active since 2009, fortified rice ( pushti chal ) among 808 participants, is a public work-programme initiative for randomly selected from beneficiaries of VGD and VGF the poorest. EGPP aims to support poor programmes, respectively from Kurigram Sadar (400) and Satkhira Sadar (408). Overall, fortified rice was households’ livelihoods by providing rated ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ by 95% of respondents in temporary short-term employment, i.e. Kurigram Sadar and 78% in Satkhira Sadar, with 80 working days per person, on local/rural associated positive change in health (such as weight infrastructure projects, during the lean gain, fewer disease cases, and improved appetite) seasons. In 2013/14, the budgeted reported by 53% and 16% respectively in the two groups. More than 90% of respondents in both areas coverage of EGPP increased to 4.9 million stated that they would buy pushti chal if available in from 4.2 million person months since the market, although the large majority of 2012/13, and for the first time registered respondents (65% and 87% respectively) would not a level higher than 2009/10 (Table 25). be willing to pay a premium price for it. The study found a strong correlation among the EGPP has recently tested innovations in receipt of awareness messages and the depth of three focus areas: Targeting, Governance, acceptance of fortified rice and willingness to pay. and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). This suggests that awareness campaign may be Firstly, to improve Targeting for better effective in motivating purchase and consumption of coverage of the poorest households, pushti chal. Source: BRAC (2014). Acceptability of Fortified Rice by geographical cut-off points were Participants of Government SSN Programs , June 2014. introduced, by clustering Upazilas in high, moderate and low pockets with high poverty density. At household level, the Programme applied self-targeting through below market wage. Secondly, to ameliorate Governance EGPP set up clear operation rules and greater transparency, for instance by: publicly disclosing at community level upcoming public works schemes and related information; by improving payment system, with the involvement of banks and formal financial channels; by strengthening MoDMR’s field capacity for programme implementation, provision of training and logistic support. Lastly, to refine M&E, EGPP contributed to reinforce monitoring capacity of MoDMR by developing summary indicators and set up a Management Information System (MIS) to make programme information readily available for decision-making.

Institutional development Some of the innovations contributed to improve programme performance with better targeting – by 2014, 90% of participants were extremely poor and included the targeted 33% of women - and generated almost 28 million person-days of employment per each of the seven phases, throughout the period 2011 – 2014158 . According to the proposed reform of the new National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS), all workfare programmes under MoDMR and MoLGRDC would be consolidated under EGPP by July 2018. The lessons

158 World Bank (2014), “Implementation Completion and Results Report” for the Employment Generation Programme for the Poorest Project, December 2014.

85 learned in terms of targeting of beneficiaries and of establishing M&E activities were useful to shape the new NSPS. At institutional level, NSPS prioritizes the establishment of (1) the Ministry of Social Development (MSD) in place of the Ministry of Social Welfare; (2) the National Social Security Agency (NSSA); (3) a Single Registry Management Information System (MIS); (4) a Complaints and Grievance Mechanism; (5) Results based M&E System (Programme 7).

5.4.2 Policy developments/programmes underway and needs for further action Programme 9 of CIP channelled 1,792 million USD representing 14% of total CIP budget of 2013/14, of which 1,449 million USD is already financed (54% by GoB and 46% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 9 increased by 17% over the previous year. It consists of two sub-programmes with a total of 12 completed, 23 ongoing and 11 pipeline projects. The budget of this programme was most entirely allocated through subprogramme 9.2 (84%), on investment in employment and income generation of social safety nets. In 2013/14, budget delivery for this programme increased to 313 million USD from 304 million USD in 2012/13 and from 141 million USD in 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation. As of June 2014, cumulative delivery was 1,010 million USD, which corresponds to 70% of the programme’s financed budget.

Implement national social protection strategy Built upon a series of background studies, regional and thematic stakeholders’ consultations, the National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS) now requires implementation. The Strategy will pave the way to the development of the new Social Protection Policy by July 2015. The new NSPS aims at expanding coverage of social protection to the poorest and at improving effectiveness and efficiency of financial resource allocated by introducing a number of Programme’s reforms (Table 26), which include: consolidating the plethora of initiatives under fewer programmes; adopting a life cycle approach to cluster programmes; prioritizing interventions for vulnerable women, pregnant women and early childhood, in particular, programmes in favour of children (from 0 to 4 years).

Incorporate nutritional BCC in NSPS In April 2012, the transfer Modality Research Initiative (TMRI), a joint effort between WFP, IFPRI and GoB, investigated the most effective type of social safety net transfer for the rural ultra-poor in Bangladesh. The analysis focused on the impact of the transfer modalities - including the Nutrition behaviour change communication (BCC) component - on income, expenditure on food and non-food consumption, daily food energy intake and nutritional status of children. After a first baseline survey (April 2012), a first follow up (June 2013) and an endline survey (April 2014) were conducted on 4,000 TMRI participants and 1,000 non- participants control households, in 500 ramdomly selected villages (250 in the North and 250 in the South). The five transfer modalities examined were: Cash only (North and South); Food only (North and South); Food + Cash (North and South); Nutrition BCC + Cash (North), Nutrition BCC + Food (South). While all the transfers modalities caused meaningful improvements in nearly all measures of consumption (i.e. expenditure on food and non- food consumption, calorie intake, and diet quality), the addition of BCC to transfers consistently determined considerably larger improvements than transfer alone. In particular, Nutrition BCC + Cash had a larger impact on diet quality (in terms of food

86 consumption score), and was the only modality to significantly reduce child stunting (in the North). Nutrition BCC together with transfers – especially cash transfers – seem to deliver large improvements in terms of better diets, child nutrition and anthropometric outcomes. Moreover, nutrition BCC also had a positive impact on women empowerment and social status 159 . These outcomes are highly relevant for the implementation of NSPS. Table 26: Key reforms proposed in NSPS Proposed reforms Action Plan & Ministry/Agency involved 1. Strengthening Social Protection for Children (age <1 – 18) a. Child Benefit b. Primary and Secondary School a. MoWCA submit detailed implementation plan for the Child Benefit to the Stipends Cabinet (Dec 2014) c. Continue Orphan’s and School b. MoPME/MoE submit detailed implementation plan for the scale up of the Meals Programmes stipend programmes to the Cabinet (Dec 2014) d. Ensure Child Maintenance c. MoPME/MoE implement programme(2015-18) e. Payment for Abandoned d. MoPME/MoE maintain ongoing programmes Children e. MoWCA develop policy and start implementation (Jul 2016) f. Immunization, Child f. Concerned Ministries take actions to strengthen supply and outreach of these Healthcare, Nutrition, programmes (ongoing) Water/Sanitation Programmes 2.a Strengthening Programmes for Working Age (age 19-59) a. Strengthen Education and a. MoPME/MoE strengthen quality of education and training Training b. MoDMRC/MoLGRDC consolidate all workfare programmes into one programme b. Strengthen Workfare under EGPP by July 2018 Programmes c. MoLE/MSD commission study to design legislation for unemployment insurance c. Introduce Unemployment, for workers in the organized private sector, January 2015 Accident, Sickness, Maternity c. MoLE sent legislation to Parliament by July 2016, implementation starting July Insurance under NSIS 2017 2b. Strengthening Programmes for Vulnerable Women (age 19-59) a. Consolidate into one VWB a. MoWCA submit detailed implementation plan for Vulnerable Women’s Benefit programme on a cash basis (VWB) to the Cabinet (Dec 2014) (taka 800/month) b. MSD/NSSA implement programme(2015-18) b. Provision of Childcare across all b. MoWCA ensure all Government offices and formal private enterprises have Formal Employment childcare facilities by 2018 c. Maternal health care c. MoHFW continue preparing expansion plan (Dec 2014) d. Training programme d. MoWCA continue training under VGD 3. Protecting the Old: Comprehensive Pension System for the Elderly ( age 60 +) a. MDS submit detailed implementation plan to Cabinet (Dec 2014) a. Tax-Funded Citizens’ Pension b. MSD/NSSA implement the new pension programme(2015-18) b. The National Social Insurance b. MSD/MoF establish NSIS Commission to recommend options (Jul-Dec 2014) Scheme (NSIS) b. MSD introduce NSIS legislation (Jul 2016) c. Private Voluntary Pensions b. MSD/NSIS authority initiate NSIS implementation (Jul 2017) c. MSD study to determine viability of a Pension Regulatory Authority (Jan 2015) 4. Strengthening the System of a. MSD submit detailed implementation plan for Child Dependency Benefit and Social security for People with Working Age Disability Benefit to Cabinet (Dec 2014) Disabilities b. Implement programme2015-18 5. Strengthening Social a. Concerned Ministries, MSD and MoF ensure urban poor households have similar Protection System for Urban access as rural poor households (July 2015-onwards) Poor a. By July 2018 consolidate food t ransfer programmes into one food security 6. Consolidate and Reform Food programme under OMS; coordinate with food stocking policy Security Type Programmes b. Food distribution for disaster relief to continue as a disaster relief programme a. Concerned Ministries and GED retain some schemes that are innovative and can 7. Consolidate small schemes be scaled up, July 2016 Source: Own elaboration from NSPS

159 Ahmed A., Hoddinott J., Quabili W., Roy S. and Sraboni E. (2015). Which Kinds of Social Safety Net Transfers Work Best for the Rural Ultra Poor in Bangladesh – Operation and Impacts of the Transfer Modality Research Initiative. IFPRI, May 2015. 87

Strengthen institutional reform According to the proposed reform of the new National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS), and coherently with the proposed consolidation of social protection programme structure, all workfare programmes under MoDMRC and MoLGRDC should be consolidated under EGPP by July 2018. The lessons learned in terms of targeting of beneficiaries and of establishing M&E activities need to be applied in the National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS).

Account for interdependency of food transfer programmes and public grain stock management NSPS recommended to consolidate all food-based programmes into monetary transfer programmes. The Strategy suggested maintaining operational the emergency food distribution for as a disaster relief response. However, to ensure adequate maintenance of buffer stocks, in years when emergency requirements are minimal, food distribution needs to be integrated into SSN to ensure stock rotation and avoid spoilage. In other words, in years where no or low-level disaster response is required there will be still need to integrate cash transfers with food transfers to effectively manage foodgrain stocks. However, PFDS is affected by the implementation of self-sufficiency policy and by production trends, which means that food transfers programmes are also affected by production trends (see Programme 8). The expanding effective foodgrain storage capacity suggests that public stocks will continuously be used in the next years for emergency programmes, to be integrated with cash transfers.

From safety net to market-driven employment for women: the SWAPNO programme Strengthen Women’s Ability for Productive New Opportunities (SWAPNO, 2014-2019) programme, a joint initiative of UNDP, ILO and the Local Government Division, aims to create opportunities for decent jobs and secure livelihoods, and to promote inclusive and sustainable business practice. The primary beneficiaries of SWAPNO were 2,600 destitute women of ultra poor and most vulnerable households in 72 Unions of Kurigram district. The programme will be replicated for other 1,900 women in Satkhira district. The beneficiaries will be engaged in 18-month employment tenure for maintenance and rehabilitation of community assets, as well as non-infrastructural public works and community services. SWAPNO introduces the conditionality of saving a portion of wages to obtain a graduation bonus, a one-off transfer providing initial capital for self-employment, basic households’ needs, or further training and educational development. SWAPNO not only supports women self-employment by providing assistance in starting and operating micro-enterprises, but also their employability. The programme’s sustainability is centred around exploiting market-driven employment opportunities, by vocational skills training, by focusing on synergies with Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and through Public-Private partnership with the Programme, to incentivize the absorption of programme’s trained women in rural non-farm and off-farm SMEs 160 .

160 SWAPNO Programme Document, 2015.

E-financial inclusion and poverty alleviation through households farming: Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar - (one house one farm) Similar to SWAPNO, the Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar (One House One Farm, EBEK) project aims to move away from the simple provision of subsistence transfers through safety nets, towards sustaining market-driven employment and income opportunities. EBEK started in 2010 with a budget of 150 million USD for 9,640 villages, and was subsequently scaled up in 2013 to around 316 million USD for 40,527 villages. The project aims at: (i) assisting in capital formation of poor rural households; (ii) empowering and strengthen skills of poor farmers, in particular women, through technical and motivational training (iii) enabling formation of farm organizations, needs based assessment and decision making, and (iv) supporting creation of adequate marketing facilities. The primary activities of EBEK include: the creation of 81,000 village development organizations (VDO) of 60 members, 63% of which female; the introduction of electronic devices for fund mobilization; the provision of a bonus incentive – 2.5 USD per households per month - conditional to households’ savings of the same amount, over the same period; financially support the cooperatives by providing 1,920 USD per year; developing marketing centres at sub-district and union level, and food processing and cold storage facilities 161 . As of October 2014, more than 40,527 VDO were formed and the number of beneficiaries reached 2.5 million individuals. VDO savings reached 75 million USD and the same amount of projects grants was released, and 105 million USD granted by the Government directly to VDOs. Skill development training was provided to 134,400 people. Total on-line transaction stimulated by EBEK reached 201 million USD and involved 2.1 million households 162 .

The establishment of a gender behaviour monitoring system Funded by GoB, UK Aid and Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC), the Economic Empowerment of the Poorest Programme (EEP)/SHIREE (Stimulating Household Improvements Resulting in Economic Empowerment, 2008 - 2015) aims to eradicate extreme poverty by focusing on the sustainable livelihoods of the bottom 10% of the population. Specifically, EEP/SHIREE funds a variety of programmes to enable over 1 million people to lift themselves out of extreme poverty and achieve sustainable livelihoods by 2015. Among the Programme outputs 163 , one is nutrition-oriented to direct nutrition support integration across SHIREE Scale Fund. This includes testing and evaluating innovative approaches to improve protein intake among various key groups. In the context of developing new approaches, an agreement was made to develop a new Change Monitoring System (CMS) survey tool called the Gender Behaviour Monitoring System (GBMS). The GBMS aims to allow more frequent monitoring of impacts of the newly rolled out gender-focused Behaviour Change Counselling (BCC) modules as a part of the Nutrition Component. Finally, the GBMS will enable NGO field level follow-up on GBMS data

161 P. K. Roy, (2014). Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar (One House One Farm) Project: An Initiative for e-Financial Inclusion and Poverty Alleviation through household farming, Rural Development and Cooperative Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives, 2014. 162 http://www.ebek-rdcd.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1603&Itemid=142 163 The programmehas four main outputs: (1) Scale Fund , supporting the scaling up of proven approaches to improve the livelihoods of the extreme poor; (2) Innovation Fund , test/evaluate innovative approaches to improve the livelihoods of the extreme poor; (3) Research/Lesson Learning : Increasing consistency in the understanding, sharing and application of approaches to addressing extreme poverty. (4) Advocacy : Policy and practice at local and national levels shows increasing recognition of the needs of the extreme poor; and (5) Nutrition : Direct nutrition support integrated across SHIREE Scale Fund. Innovative approaches to improve protein intake among key groups tested and evaluated (http://www.shiree.org/about-us/programme-aim/#.VRJ6oDuUci4).

89 by focusing on those beneficiaries’ households that are showing negative gender behaviour 164 . Needs for further action in this area include: ‹ Prioritize and target the implement of National Social Protection Strategy: NSPS targets half of the population of Bangladesh as different programmes’ beneficiaries. While this ambitious target is commendable, in a context of increasing budgetary pressure on public finances, it underlines the need for: balancing universal (e.g. child grants) versus targeted (e.g. EGPP) programmes; for programmes’ prioritization in financial resources allocation; and for addressing the trade-off between increasing the beneficiaries’ transfer size to the (better targeted) poorest and enlarging the total number of beneficiaries, in order to achieve the maximum possible welfare. The clarification of the trade-off and the costing of the strategy’s implementation remain top priorities in the policymakers’ agenda. While the lifecycle approach is certainly an improvement, stronger emphasis should be given to programmes targeting the first 1000 days of life. This is deemed particularly important, as lack of childcare during infancy can: contribute to child underweight, stunting and wasting; jeopardize infant well-being and cognitive development; and in turn, affect negatively productivity levels, and increase national healthcare costs. ‹ Integrate and expand market-driven initiatives and community participation in SSN programmes: The instances of making more efficient use of public spending due to increasing budgetary pressure, create opportunities for the integration of market- driven initiatives into safety net programmes and creating spillover effects. For instance, in SWAPNO a clear effort is made to link safety net programmes with the market: the technical and motivational training and conditional grants are provided to improve employability of beneficiaries, and to respond to local market demand for skilled labour. EBEK’s innovative approach to capital formation and empowerment of poor households need to be scaled up. Multiplier effects can be generated in the local economy, by creating skilled labour supply for those rural SMEs and by involving formal credit system. In this context, it is fundamental for SMEs to provide their feedback to the training programmes component in order to improve employability opportunities of programmes’ beneficiaries. ‹ Establish a single registry management information system (MIS): For effective management of SSN, a high quality MIS is required. It is therefore essential to make readily available to policy makers comprehensive national level performance data informing the status of the major national schemes. To this end, MSD will commission a review of MIS across SSN in Bangladesh to assess the feasibility of setting up an interlinked scheme of independent MIS. Full functioning of the interlinked system will face the initial challenge of harmonizing the different systems, that includes adopting similar software, creating adequate capacity for system management and daily maintenance and utilizing telecommunication networks for data transmission. ‹ Adapt cash and food transfers coherently with the food stock management strategy: In the EGPP independent evaluation, IFPRI found higher leakages in food

164 EEP/SHIREE Quarterly Report, July – September 2014.

transfer programmes compared to cash transfer programmes. This contributed to support the tendency towards augmenting cash against food components in NNS programmes, for instance in EGPP programme. Food transfers will continue playing an important role through emergency distribution, OMS for price stabilization and for stock rotation. This implies that integrating cash transfers with food transfers in years when no disaster response measure is required for adequate goodgrain stock management and avoiding stock spoilage. To make food/cash transfer systems more flexible, convertibility between cash and food based transfers needs to be established. In this context, national foodgrain storage capacity is expanding on an increasing trend, with estimation pointing at 2.6 million MT by 2020 (Programme 8). The expanding foodgrain effective storage capacity suggests that public stocks will continuously be used in the next years for emergency programmes, and to integrate cash transfers, provided that growth in foodgrain production (or domestic availability) is sustained. ‹ Explore the preparation of a roadmap for fortified rice: The relevant line ministries (e.g. MoWCA and MoF) should prepare a roadmap for distribution of fortified rice with a budget and targets for the coming years. This roadmap should be submitted to the MoF for estimating budget availability. Fortified rice distribution could be integrated in food transfer programmes. The positive results in terms of acceptability study by BRAC for introducing pushti chal into the market can contribute to better diets and improve nutritional status. Production of biofortified rice should be pursued which will require additional investment over a longer term period, by the Ministry of Agriculture.

6. Utilization: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs

Actions to improve food utilization for nutrition constitute the third pillar of the National Food Policy, its Plan of Action, and investments covered under the CIP programmes 10, 11 and 12. An update is provided on community based nutrition programmes and services; food security and nutrition information data; and food safety, quality and control including consumer protection and public health. The three programmes are in alignment with the eight areas of intervention under the third objective of the NFP PoA (see Annex 1).

6.1. Programme 10: Community based nutrition programmes and services

Programme 10 covers community based nutrition programmes that are linked to and supported by the Government services, implemented primarily through the Operational Plan of National Nutrition Services (NNS). The aim is to enhance coverage, access and outreach of a comprehensive package of direct nutrition interventions (DNI) for local communities, with an emphasis on mothers and children. The programme envisages strengthened complementarities and coordination of sectors engaged in nutrition. This programme corresponds to the NFP PoA AoIs 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.7 and 3.8 on promoting balanced and nutritious food for vulnerable people; food based programmes and growth monitoring of children; nutrition education on dietary diversification; food supplementation and fortification; women and children’s health; and protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding. 6.1.1. Progress towards achievements Table 27: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 10 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source indicators Proportion of infants under six 43% 64.1% 59.7% 55.3% BDHS, na na na months exclusively breastfed (2007) BDHS UESD BDHS UESD Poor households raising home na na na na 42% 45% 46.1% FSNSP gardening and backyard poultry 78.6% 78.7% 79.3% 79% 78.3% 76.9% 77.0% Cereal (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) Sugar and 4.1% 3.5% 3.5% 3.4% 3.3% 3.1% 3.2% sweeteners (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) 6.5% 7.1% 5.6% 5.7% 5.8% 5.9% 6.1% Oil and oil crops Share of (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) total dietary Roots and 2.5% 2.7% 2.5% 3.3% 2.5% 3.7% 3.8% energy tubers (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) FAO- supply for 1.7% 1.4% 2% 1.1% 2.6% 2.5% 1.5% RAP Pulses consumption (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) from: Fruits and 1.6% 1.8% 2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% vegetables (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) Meat, fish, eggs 3.3% 3.3% 3.4% 3.5% 3.6% 3.8% 3.9% and milk (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) 1.7% 1.5% 1.7% 1.8% 1.7% 1.9% 2.4% Others* (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) Prevalence of global acute 13.5 15.6% 18.1% 14.3% BDHS, malnutrition (GAM) among 17.4% Na na (HFSNA) BDHS UESD BDHS UESD children < 5 years <- 2SD Prevalence of severe acute 4.0% 4.9% 3.1% BDHS, malnutrition (SAM) among 2.9% 3.4 Na na BDHS UESD BDHS UESD children < 5 years < 3SD 31.2% Proportion of women ANC 25.5% 25.0% BDHS, 22.0% Na Na na BDHS coverage of at least 4 visits BDHS UESD UESD

Slow down in rate of 6 months’ exclusive breastfeeding Interventions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding improve child survival, averting over one-tenth of deaths among children younger than five years of age. In line with global recommendations, Bangladesh promotes early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour after birth. BDHS estimates showed a marked increase in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding from 43% in 1993 to 64% in 2011, with a fall to 59.7% in 2013 165 , and in 2014 the rates show a further drop to 55.3%. FSNSP 2013 results show that exclusive breastfeeding rates have declined to 45% from 51% in 2011 and stand at 41% as of 2013, which is below the 50% goal set by 65 th World Health Assembly. The large variation noted between 2012 and 2013 in some divisions though not statistically significant, is a matter of concern. While the rate of exclusive Figure 32: Exclusive and predominant breastfeeding has fallen between 2010 breastfeeding % (2010-2013) and 2013, the rate of predominant breastfeeding remained constant. Figure 32 shows the rates of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding in recent years. There is little variation in exclusive breastfeeding rates between food secure and food insecure households or by wealth quintile, though a slightly higher proportion of poor or food insecure households practised exclusive breastfeeding. The association between Source: FSNSP 2013 child's sex and rates of exclusive breastfeeding was noted to be statistically insignificant in 2013, with a slightly higher proportion of male infants being exclusively breastfed compared to female infants. On the whole, there is poor knowledge of the benefits and recommended duration of breastfeeding and widespread misconceptions of mothers being unable to produce milk sufficient to meet their baby's needs 166,167 .

Complementary feeding has remained unchanged In spite of the relatively higher exclusive breastfeeding rate, major gaps in complementary feeding (CF) - share of children fed with a minimum acceptable diet is as low as 31% - have major impacts on chronic malnutrition in addition to hygiene, parasitic infection and related care practices. It is noted that though exclusive breastfeeding is an essential factor in reducing stunting, it is not per se sufficient in the absence of other necessary health, care and food practices. Figure 33 shows the trends in minimum dietary diversity and intake of iron rich foods as part of CF in the recent years.

165 UESD (2013). Utilization of essential services delivery survey (used a sampling scheme similar to that of BDHS and had nationally representative samples). 166 Institute of Public Health Nutrition (IPHN). (2007). National strategy for infant and young child feeding in Bangladesh. Dhaka, BD:, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. 167 Haider, R, et.al. (2010) . Breastfeeding in Infancy: Identifying the Program-Relevant Issues in Bangladesh. International Breastfeeding Journal, Vol 5.

Childhood stunting is an outcome of Figure 33: Trends in complementary feeding maternal under nutrition, inadequate diversity infant and young child feeding and poor 50 sanitation- a correlate of impaired neurocognitive development, and a risk 45 marker for non –communicable diseases and reduced productivity later in life 168 . 40 A comprehensive approach is needed to 35 increasing breastfeeding with a focus on reducing socio-economic disparities, 30 improving parental leave policies, 2010 2011 2012 2013 flexible work schedules and health Minimum dietary diversity (levels below) benefits for low wage workers and Iron-rich foods (levels above) Source: FSNSP, 2013 access to child care that can ease transition to work for the mother. An end-line survey on IYCF practices in Bangladesh shows that a national comprehensive programme - consisting of advocacy, interpersonal communication and community mobilization, mass communication, and strategic use of data, led to rapid improvements in seven breastfeeding and complementary feeding behaviours critical for child growth and development. From 2010 to 2014, the percentage of infants under six months who were exclusively breastfed increased from 49 to 86 percent in areas that received the comprehensive intervention package (exclusive breastfeeding remained stable at around 50 percent in mass media only areas). Additionally, the proportion of children who consumed a diverse diet increased by 30 percentage Box 9: Leveraging agriculture for food security and points169 . nutrition of women and children The Departments of Agriculture Extension, Fisheries and Integrated farming shows Livestock are strengthening inter sectoral collaboration improvement in diets and nutrition and coordination and leveraging institutional participation of nutrition sensitive projects towards Linking agriculture with nutrition is one strengthening the enabling environment for dialogue; of the central goals of the National improving capacity of the Government, civil society and Agriculture Policy and the Country farmers so as to maximize the delivery on nutrition Investment Plan. FSNSP estimates outcomes. The projects have been providing technical (Table 27) show an increase in the support to over 55,000 households, across agriculture (horticulture, fisheries and livestock) and health sectors percentage of poor households raising to positively exploit their comparative role for improving home gardening and backyard poultry nutrition. Agriculture and food based nutrition training, from 2011 to 2013 (42% to 46.1%). With nutrition behaviour change communications, farmer regard to the share of dietary energy database, GIS, knowledge bank, co targeting for common supplies for consumption, the activities and gender mainstreaming are key elements of strengthening. Food security and agriculture programs contribution of cereals to dietary energy must move away from the calorie intake and income continues to have a major share with oriented measures of adequacy to nutrition-based limited supply diversification due to measures to successfully leverage agriculture for better poor contribution from non cereals nutrition. Source: IAHBI, Poultry Biosecurity Project, FAO foods. Baseline estimates from a Poultry Biosecurity and Production Project 170 being implemented in selected districts of the South pointed that almost 99% of households owned backyard and small scale commercial poultry

168 WHO 2013. 169 Alive & Thrive releases endline survey results from Bangladesh and Viet Nam on March 2015 at Boston.

95 in rural Bangladesh. Box 9 summarizes some of the key elements of two ongoing nutrition sensitive projects in the South. Farmer nutrition schools and farmer field schools are established in collaboration with Government extension departments and are targeting resource poor households with pregnant and lactating women having children under two years. Seeds and support to homestead food production during the planting seasons and to promote year round vegetable production are provided through a large number of ongoing programmes and projects 171,172 in collaboration with the institutional arrangements that link the NNS and DoF and DLS in nutrition sensitive interventions.

Gender differentiation in dietary Figure 34: Gender differences in energy intake energy intake 3500 Male Female Undernourishment in the population is 3000 reported to be a consequence of 2500 inadequate food (energy) intake, 2000 underlying diseases, with females being 1500 at higher risk and those economically (kcal) Energy 1000 more vulnerable. Calculations on 500 consumption unit (kcal) for household 0 members in all age groups show that although mean calorie intake is about 2190 kcal, disaggregated adult Source: HIES 2010 consumption units show that in age group 18-29.9 years males are getting 2594 kcal energy and females of the same age group are getting about 2049 kcal pointing to gender differences in energy intake (Figure 34).

Increase in nutrient contribution from animal source food supply Animal foods notably livestock, fish, milk and poultry that provide good quality protein, essential fatty acids and micronutrients (zinc, iron, calcium and preformed vitamin A) play a critical role in growth and stunting reduction. Table 28 shows the supply of protein and fat from animal sources as percentage of total dietary energy. As indicated in Programmes 4 and 5, livestock and fisheries are growing at an increasing rate to meet the growing demand for protein and bioavailable micronutrients. Therefore, animal food sources should be available and accessible to the poor so as to improve the nutritional quality of household diets emerging from diversified food supplies.

170 Baseline Survey Report on Improving Food Security of Women and Children by Enhancing Backyard and Small Scale Poultry Production in the Delta Region. BIGH and FAO. 2014. 171 https:www.spring-nutrition.org/countries/Bangladesh 172 Baseline Survey Report on Integrated Agriculture and Health Based Interventions for Improved Food and Nutrition Security in Selected Districts of Southern Bangladesh. BIGH and FAO. 2014.

Table 28: Supply of protein and fat from animal sources as % of total dietary energy Protein Fat 3- Year average % of total energy % from animal food % of total energy % from animal food 2000 -02 8.60 1.1 10.5 1.60 2003-05 8.70 1.2 10.7 1.70 2004-06 8.80 1.3 10.6 1.80 2005 -07 8.80 1.4 11.5 1.80 2007-09 9.10 1.5 10.0 1.90 2008 -10 9.11 1.6 10.6 2.07 2009 -11 9.02 1.6 11.0 2.15 Source: FAO STAT Nutrition sensitive projects are also Box 10: Scale up of maternal nutrition and infant serving as useful models for scaling up. feeding interventions Using nutrition criteria for targeting poor, SHIKHA project engages 4,830 community volunteers, most vulnerable and food insecure 395 community health workers and 667 nutrition households, an ongoing project workers through BRAC and trains them in maternal implemented by DLS is making significant nutrition and infant and young child feeding. Community-activities focus on changing feeding practice contribution towards reducing food behaviours through five core interventions: home visits, insecurity and malnutrition of women where nutrition workers record every pregnancy in the and children by enhancing backyard community in a registry and follow up with mothers poultry and small scale poultry until their children are 2 years old, for a total of 16 production in the Southern delta region home visits ― 4 visits during pregnancy and 12 visits after the child is born; mobilization, with project staff covering 10 intervention unions of five engaging fathers of children under 2 and doctors to upazilas in Khulna and Barisal. Another encourage good infant and young child feeding ongoing project SHIKHA is working to behaviour in the community; health forums, community reduce undernutrition among pregnant meetings to discuss health and hygiene practices; women and children under the age of 2 antenatal and postnatal visits. Media campaigns in 1,351 villages in project sub-districts have been years in 26 sub districts in Bangladesh executed. (Box 10 ). Source: SHIKHA Project Report (2014).

Micronutrient adequacy in household diets Diversified diets are among the main keys to combating problems of micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger. Figure 35 show the range of fish species being consumed per capita among households in Figure 35: Diversity of fish consumption in Bangladesh Bangladesh. 10 The mean fish intake was noted to be 8 50.3g/person/day and the 6 dominant types of fish 4 eaten are puti, tilapia, rhui/katla, pangash and gram/preson/day 2 carp but other types of fish 0

are also found in the menu Koi Hilsa Shrimp of Bangladesh (Figure 35). Fish Sea Dried Fish Dried /Khalisha Other Fishes

The diversity of fish species Baila/Tapashi Mala/Dhela/ Tangra/Eel fish Tangra/Eel Magur /ShinghiMagur /Kalibaush Chapila/Batashi /Nilotica /Miror carp /Miror consumption in Bangladesh /Taki Shoal/Gajar Rhui /Katla/ Mrigel/Katla/ Rhui Pangash/ Boal/Aire Pangash/ Puti/ Big Big /Tilapiaputi Puti/ is very high. Indigenous fish carp carp/Grass Silver are a rich source of Source: HIES 2010

97 bioavailable micronutrients; animal protein, and some, for example hilsa, has a high content of fat and beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids 173 . Even though the quantity of fish consumed may be low, the high frequency of fish consumption and diversity of fish species taken in particular small indigenous species, have marked implications for nutrition 174 . Iron present in fish such as darkina ( Esomus danricus ) is in haem form with a bioavailbility of 25%. Fish also has an enhancing effect on non haem iron and zinc absorption from the diet. In terms of diversity of meat intake, chicken and beef are largely consumed (Figure 36). Bangladesh has a rich genetic diversity of native chickens (Red Jungle Fowl - Gallus gallus ), available through smallholder backyard scavenging, with each family keeping an average of 6-7 chickens to meet family requirements. The per capita dietary intake of animal source foods plays a critical role in growth, physical and cognitive development given their contribution to protein, fat and micronutrients in the diet. Consumption of higher bioavailable animal source vitamin A and iron progressively decrease as Figure 36: Diversity of poultry and meat households are increasingly food consumption in Bangladesh insecure 175 . 12

Eggs and meat provides both women 9 and children with all the essential amino acids, Vitamin K, Vitamin B 12 , iodine and 6 iron which are especially important for 176 growth and immunity . Evidence from gram/person/day 3 selected districts illustrates that the consumption of egg is higher than meat 0 Chicken Duck Buffalo Beef Mutton Sheep Other among pregnant and lactating women meats and children (6-23 months). More specifically, children aged 6-23 months Source: HIES 2010 (56%) and pregnant women (46%) have higher egg consumption. Enhancing awareness to increase the consumption of meat and egg among pregnant and lactating women and young children should be continued.

Update on acute child malnutrition While national estimates 177 continue to point to the problem of acute child under nutrition, there is a slight decline in global acute malnutrition from 15.6% in 2011 to 14.3% in 2014 and in severe acute malnutrition from 4% to 3.1% during the same period. Across wealth quintile, 17.5% among lowest quintile and surprisingly, 12.8% in the highest quintile are acutely malnourished (< - 2SD). Other estimates of acute malnutrition from FSNSP 2013 show unchanged prevalence of 12% across divisions.

173 Thilsted, S.H, Fish diversity and fish consumption in Bangladesh. http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ online_library/publications/pdfs/CS4_Fish_diversity_and_consumption_in_Bangladesh.pdf 174 Deb, A.K. and Haque, C.E. (2011) 011) , C.E. (2011) mini-doctor: ethnomedicinal use of fish, shellfish and some other aquatic animals in Bangladesh Journal of Ethnopharmacology , vol 134, # 2, pp.259, co. 175 ICDDRB 2011. Status of micronutrients in Bangladesh: Where do we stand now? 176 Baseline Survey Report on Integrated Agriculture and Health Based Interventions for Improved Food and Nutrition Security in Selected Districts of Southern Bangladesh. BIGH and FAO. 2014. 177 BDHS, 2014

Need for increasing adequate ANC coverage Care during pregnancy confers marked beneficial effect on pregnancy outcomes. Women who do not receive clinical antenatal care (ANC) have significantly greater chances of miscarriage compared to those who attend a clinic during their first trimester. This indicator refers to the proportion of women who complete at least 4 178 Box 11: International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) ANC visits during pregnancy . The Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) jointly While UESD 2013 shows that the organized by FAO and WHO in collaboration with other UN and proportion of women having at development agencies was convened under the theme, “Better Nutrition, Better Lives” at FAO Headquarters in Rome, from 19- least 4 ANC visits remains at 25% 21 November 2014. The aim was to create consensus on how to as in BDHS 2011, FSNSP 2013 address major nutrition challenges, including under nutrition, shows that about two fifths (40%) micronutrient deficiencies and overweight, with a view to received at least 4 ANC visits by achieving the global nutrition targets by 2025 set by the World national level estimates. Health Assembly. The ICN2 helped identify public policy priorities at the national and global levels. It has also been the first high- However, the pattern varies by level intergovernmental conference on nutrition since the first division and locality, and the ICN organized by FAO and WHO in 1992. A key goal of the ICN2 differences noted also indicate was to achieve coherence between food supply and public health substantial variation in the policies, as they both contribute to food and nutrition security. It knowledge level of mothers and also helped examine the best ways of scaling up proven interventions for tackling all forms of malnutrition. The high level their ability to access ANC. The Bangladesh delegation to the ICN2 included the Ministers of urban–rural differential in ANC Agriculture and Food, the Additional Secretary, Ministry of Health coverage continues to be large and Family Welfare and SUN Focal Point, Joint Secretary, ERD and with urban women being twice other officials. MoHFW participated in SUN Global Gathering more likely as rural women to prior to the ICN 2 from 16 to 18 November, 2014. Bangladesh is at the centre of efforts to scale up nutrition multisectorally. As a have 4 or more ANC visits. BDHS follow up, priority issues in strengthening agriculture and updates point to a slight increase nutrition are being taken up for implementation. from 25.6% in 2011 to 31.2% in Source: Bangl adesh Country Paper -GoB/FAO/WHO 2014 of women having had 4 or more ANC visits. There is need to increase the attendance of at least 4 or more ANC sessions by pregnant women and enhance the quality of ANC 179 . As part of safe motherhood and neonatal health, there is need to strengthen postnatal care and checkups so as to assess and treat delivery complications and to counsel mothers on how to care for themselves and their newborn infant.

6.1.2. Policy developments/ programmes underway and needs for further action Programme 10 of the CIP accounts for 354 million USD in 2013/14 (2.8% of the total CIP budget) of which 333 million USD are already financed. It includes 3 sub programmes with 4 completed projects, 25 ongoing projects and 7 projects in the pipeline. During the reporting period (2013/14) three new/pipeline projects are added with the ongoing projects of 2012/13. Many of the ongoing projects are components of the NNS and cover community based nutrition activities. The budget of this programme was 543 million USD in 2009/10 which was decreased by 41% to 320 million USD in 2010/11 and increased by 11.6% to 357 million USD in 2011/12 and remains static at 357 million USD in 2012/13 and reduced by 0.84% to 354 million USD in 2013/14. The delivery of fund for this programme was 9.7

178 BDHS, 2011 179 HPNSDP Mid Term Review, 2014

99 million USD in 2010/11 which increased to 15.4 million USD in 2011/12; decreased to 12.3 million USD in 2012/13 and increased to 65.5 million USD in 2013/14. However, the cumulative delivery as of 2013/14 was 103 million USD which corresponds to 31% of the programme’s financed budget. Programme 10 and sub programme 10.2 include interventions to enhance micronutrient status. The Draft National Strategy on Prevention and Control of Micronutrient Deficiencies (NSPCMD) provides a coordinated and comprehensive approach to prevent and control micronutrient deficiencies among the Bangladeshi population with an emphasis on vulnerable population groups including children under five years of age, school age children, adolescent girls, and pregnant and lactating women. The strategy is expected guide on priority strategies that the country will focus on for a period of ten years and will be used by the policy makers, stakeholders including Government, civil society and private sectors/corporate implementers, researchers, UN and development partners who are involved in designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating micronutrient-related programmes at the national, regional and community levels.

National Strategy on Prevention and Control of Micronutrient Deficiencies (NSPCMD) awaits implementation The NSPCMD covers three main sections which include: an overview of the problem of micronutrient deficiencies and current policies; the current situation of micronutrient status among different population groups including trend analysis, causes and risk factors; existing intervention programmes for alleviating micronutrient deficiencies, and recommended MN deficiency prevention and control strategies to be executed in the next ten years based on evidence, best practices and lessons learned. It also outlines the implementation plan for the strategies and indicators for monitoring impact. To this end, the implementation plan covers policy, guidelines and legislation; micronutrient interventions/ programmes – supplementation, fortification and dietary diversification; partnership and coordination; capacity building; advocacy and communication and monitoring, evaluation and research. CIP Programme 10 cites fortification as a supportive strategy with a potential to impact on lowering micronutrient malnutrition in the largely rice eating Bangladesh population. As part of sustainable food based approaches to tackling micronutrient deficiencies notably zinc, rice biofortifed with zinc was released to farmers in Bangladesh in 2013 (refer to discussion on Box 11).

Progress in oil and rice fortification Bangladesh is the first country in South Asia to introduce mandatory requirements for the fortification of refined edible oil with Vitamin A. The minimum level of Vitamin A fortification is 0.015 mg Vitamin A per 1 gram edible oil; and the maximum level is 0.30 mg Vitamin A per 1 gram edible oil (15 to 30 ppm). Fortified rice is also mainstreamed in Government’s major social safety net programmes, WFP-assisted programmes and garment factories’ corporate social responsibility programmes. Acceptability trials in both Kurigram and Satkhira Sadars showed that consumers were willing to purchase fortified rice (pushti chaal) instead of normal rice if it was available in the market, and if the market price was within the price range of normal rice. Results also indicated a strong correlation with the receipt of awareness messages and

100 the depth of acceptance of fortified rice and on the willingness to buy pushti chal at a higher price.

Improving nutrition through SUN multisectoral and multistakeholder processes Bangladesh has adopted the principles of the global Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement (www.scalingupnutrition.org) and is an active participant in SUN global, regional and national networks and activities, including a regular teleconference country call with the global SUN Coordinator. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare serves as the focal point for SUN in Bangladesh. To ensure that the SUN movement in Bangladesh is country-led and aligned with national policies and strategic plans, the SUN Government Network works in close communication and partnership with the SUN Civil Society Networks - Civil Society Alliance for SUN Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Civil Society Network for Promoting Nutrition. Two other Networks also provide support to the country-led process: the SUN UN Network convened by UN REACH (a partnership between FAO, UNICEF, WFP, WHO and IFAD which aims at strengthening multisectoral coordination, nutrition governance, advocacy and knowledge sharing) and the SUN Donor/Development Partner Network, co-convened by DfID and USAID. SUN Networks for business/private sector, research/academia and media are also being explored.

Leveraging agriculture for nutrition Mainstreaming nutrition’ within the agriculture, fisheries and livestock extension and Women and Children’s affairs is part of the larger initiative to strengthening multisectoral approaches to addressing undernutrition. While NNS has working partnership with other ministries (Food, Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock, LGRDC, Information), UN and bilateral development partners and INGOs, it is actively engaged in expansion of SUN movement in Bangladesh of which multiple sectors are a key part. Harmonized nutrition guidance and strengthened monitoring are central to the SUN process and to ensure coordination and accountability for results. Needs for further actions in this area include: ‹ Scale-up of nutrition sensitive strategies in fisheries, livestock and women sectors: Evidence shows per capita fish consumption increasing from lower to upper income groups, in both quantity and value terms and as a proportion of expenditure on food. An average consumer in the poorest quartile consumes just 39% of the fish consumed by an average consumer in the richest quartile and that poorer consumers pay a lower average price per kg for fish than better off consumers. There is need for utilizing the biodiversity of fish species for nutrition and livelihoods of the rural poor. Adaptive fisheries technologies need to be practised for improving fish utilization in the diet. There is also need for training on mainstreaming nutrition in project and programme formulation in agriculture, fisheries and livestock areas and in extension practices. ‹ Improve facility and community based support to caregivers: Technical support on knowledge of diversified diet, cooking methods, hygiene, child feeding and care practices which involves providing effective communication and consistent messages and scale of effective coverage of a full set of direct nutrition interventions (DNIs), including IYCF counselling, micronutrient supplementation, nutrition screening and management of acute malnutrition needs to be provided at various levels of

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implementation. Quality and coverage of DNIs need to be improved through existing outreach structures. Issues of adolescent girls’ nutrition and early pregnancy due to early marriage should be further addressed by programmes. ‹ Strengthen food fortification initiatives: There is need to examine the implications of the feasibility and overall acceptability of fortified rice in social safety net programmes so as to inform scale up of the distribution of fortified rice. A subsidized price would be required for people with a lower socioeconomic profile to purchase the fortified rice in the market. A larger scale trial across different socioeconomic profiles may provide more generalized findings if it is aimed to market the rice to the wider public. ‹ Increase commitment in line with global nutrition initiatives: Bangladesh has recently made the following commitments in line with the World Health Assembly 2012 Global Nutrition Targets to achieve by 2025, at the Nutrition for Growth Commitments Compact in June 2013 (signed by the previous Minister of Health): - Reduction in stunting from 41% (in 2011) to 38% (in 2016), and wasting from 16% (in 2011) to 12% (in 2016); - 40% reduction in global number of children < 5 who are stunted; - 50% reduction of anemia in women of reproductive age; - 30% reduction of low birth weight; - No increase in child overweight; - Increase rate of exclusive breast feeding in the first six months of life up to at least 50%; - Reduce and maintain childhood wasting to less than 5% . Accordingly, policy actions focus on: Ensuring both nutrition specific and sensitive interventions are given due attention; strengthening the national coordination mechanism for nutrition; reviewing national safety net programmes to ensure they are nutrition sensitive and deliver improved nutrition outcomes; mobilizing domestic and international finance to support national efforts to improve nutrition; include in the post 2015 SDGs agenda, food security and nutrition as a separate goal. ‹ Follow-up ICN2 Declaration and Framework for Action: There is need advocating for and promoting food based nutrition that is in line with the national vision to address problems of malnutrition on a sustainable basis. In particular, there is need for support in nutrition training for the institutions linked with agricultural extension and applied nutrition research and to build policy coherence and leadership to ensure that food-based approaches to meeting the challenge of under-nutrition will have a central role in future.

6.2. Programme 11: Orienting food and nutrition programmes through data

Programme 11 deals with use of up-to-date data and analyses to strengthen planning, monitoring and evaluation of nutrition interventions and policies. It corresponds to NFP PoA AoI 3.1. Updating of statistical data is essential for evidenced-based decision-making that requires Government-led food and nutrition security surveys, information and mapping systems, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Indicators and analytical tools to improve

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the monitoring of food security and nutrition programmes at all levels are served by periodic updates of data and research. Data is collected according to established methodologies and criteria governing food and nutrition security and provides update on indicators and elements that serve as reference for monitoring food and nutrition policies.

6.2.1. Progress towards achievements Programme 11 of the CIP identifies key interventions in utilizing updated national food composition tables, implementing research recommendations, using food consumption and dietary assessments data, validating dietary diversity methodologies and capacity strengthening in nutrition survey and analysis to facilitate evidence-based decision making. Table 29 shows the progress in relation to these interventions. Table 29: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 11 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source indicators Number of mass media activities for Health behavioural Na Na 635 575 685 700 800 Bulletin/ change DGHS communication (BCC) Desirable Operational Dietary Pattern through BIRDEM/ BIRTAN/ BIDS/ Research Research (DDP) Research dissemination FPMU/ FPMU/ INFS/ Na initiated/ completed / established and initiated of dietary NFPCSP DGHS WFP ongoing Operational updated/ guidelines FAO implemented FCT on Operational FCT on indigenous through INFS/ Indigenous foods training and Food FCT work New CARS/ foods prepared Research dissemination Composition on going in research DU/ initiated by INFS, Research completed of FCT Tables (FCT) INFS, initiated FPMU/ under Dhaka initiated and updated/ Dhaka and NFPCSP NFPCSP University Operational implemented University ongoing FAO/ supported with INFOODS research NFPCSP support Existing food security and BDHS, MICS, FSNSP, NIPU, NIS, nutrition MICS, HIES, NMSS, BDHS Na BDHS FSNIS, FPMU databases/ FSNSP FSNSP FSNSP, FSNSP surveillance NHDSBD systems Behaviour change communication (BCC) efforts increased BCC interventions provide a supportive environment that enables people to initiate and sustain positive and desirable behaviour outcomes. Accordingly mass media activities across several Operation Plans (OPs) under the HPNSDP are being implemented. Telecast, broadcast and print media had a very strong outreach, particularly among policymakers and opinion leaders. Nearly 90 percent of the people had access to the nation's highly viewed television and newspapers. The number of BCC activities disseminated shows an encouraging trend: in 2009/10 at 635 to 575 in 2010/11, 685 in 2011/12, 700 in 2012/13 and 800 in 2013/14. The BCC initiatives of MoHFW, included display of 114 bill boards,

103 organization of 13 episodes of nutrition quiz show for school students and 13 episodes for the parents of children under 2 years of age, advertised through 3 television and 3 radio (each for 1 minute) on nutrition related issues, broadcast of 45 episodes of “Pushti Pala” through radio, folk songs on IYCF, television filler drama on nutrition, organized nutrition talk shows in private channels. BCC materials on IYCF have been developed and are being telecast on TV. A total of 25,000 copies of improved complementary feeding recipes were printed and distributed. Collaborative BCC activities with DAE, BIRTAN, BARC, MoA, MoFLS among relevant stakeholders are also ongoing. More systematic studies need to be Box 12 : Improving diets and nutrition in the first 1000 carried out to determine the days effectiveness of mass media in BCC. -Materials, messages and recipes to increase However, the BCC campaign through consumption of fish, small livestock and horticulture interpersonal communication on the have been developed in collaboration with MoFL and preparation of ORS solution at the MoA and are being disseminated for use. -Three fish based products for improved complementary home level for the treatment of feeding is being promoted through field projects in the diarrhoeal episodes in Bangladesh by South. BRAC is an example of success. -IAHBI programme being implemented by MoFL, and Besides, the Alive and Thrive (A&T) MoHFW is promoting a variety of micronutrient rich Initiative 180 on content quality and foods and recipes using local ingredients to improve dietary diversity and nutrition of mothers and young extent of outreach for nutrition children from 6 to 24 months of age. behaviour change through mass media - A Nutrition plate depicting a balanced meal for a shows good impact. In addition, the pregnant woman along with basic food groups is being media engagement programme helped promoted across districts in the South. -Two TV spots on increase support for IYCF in complementary feeding are being promoted. -Fact sheets on the role of horticulture, fisheries and Bangladesh by initiating and sustaining livestock in nutrition developed by MoFL are used for a dialogue with national opinion sensitization at national and sub national levels and in leaders 181 . training. Source: IAHBI/SHIKA (2014) The Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock is promoting food based nutrition especially for the first 1000 days of life through training materials, manuals, festoons, leaflets and bill boards 182 as part of capacity building and extension activities for mainstreaming nutrition in livestock and fisheries sectors (Box 12) . In order to make the BCC more effective it is essential that service providers are well trained and highly motivated. In particular, there is need to enhance the leadership for nutrition as well as capacity for implementation.

Enhancing the use of desirable dietary pattern (DDP) and dietary guidelines A reference for food and dietary planning using the desirable dietary pattern (DDP) has been established by BIRDEM. The DDP was established on an assessment of the adequacy of food and nutrient intake using the household food consumption data from HIES 2010. The DDP proposed energy requirement for a Bangladeshi at 2430 kcal/day using the FAO/WHO methodology with estimates computed on the basis of total energy as a summation of various components of energy expenditure. Dietary guidelines were developed as an output

180 Menon et al. (2013). Scaling up Interventions to Improve Infant and Young Child Feeding: The Role of Frontline Workers in Alive and Thrive, IFPRI. 181 Engaging the media: A practical guide to meeting child nutrition advocacy goals through working with journalists. http://aliveandthrive.org/resources/advocacy. 182 IAHBI (FAO Component), 2014

104 of the DDP which are to be implemented across multiple sectors aiming at mainstreaming a nutrition orientation in agriculture, food and health planning. A total of 2000 copies of simplified DDP booklets and 2000 copies of leaflets on dietary guidelines are being distributed by BIRDEM and FPMU for wider use in training and planning. The clinical nutrition and dietetics programme of BIRDEM has been using the dietary guidelines in their training and research as also are the academic courses of universities including the University of Dhaka. According to the Honourable Prime Minister's directives, the MoFood has taken the initiative to implement the desirable dietary pattern and dietary guidelines in the country with national importance.

Orientation on food composition tables (FCT) A simplified food composition database (FCDB) and FCT documentation have been published for public use 183 . Five thousand copies of easy- to- use FCT books for the end users were printed and distributed. The national and regional food compositional networks benefited from this computerized FCDB and printed tables184 . Trainings have been conducted for organizations like BBS, HKI, BRAC University, BIDS, FPMU, IPHN, NIPORT, World Fish Centre and ICDDR,B on use of FCT, and these have been effective.

Nutrient density of the desirable diet Nutrient density is a measure of nutrients provided per 100 kilocalories of food. The energy (kcal/100g) and nutrient (mg or mcg/100Kcal) density of the desirable diet and actually consumed diet in Bangladesh is shown in Table 30. The nutrient density has been calculated for key micronutrients, notably calcium, iron, vitamin A and folic acid. Cereals, oils and sugar provide mostly energy, but not micronutrients. On the other hand, vegetables, fruits and animal source foods provide adequate micronutrients as well as some energy and protein as well in the case of animal foods. The Figure 37: Nutrient density and cost in Bangladesh comparative energy and nutrient density of the desirable and actually consumed diet shows that the desirable diet is less energy dense but more nutrient dense. In the actually consumed diet, the intake of cereals which are energy dense is much higher than that in the desirable diet. The intake of non-cereal nutrient dense foods is also much lower in the actually Source: Adapted from DDP (2014) consumed diet.

183 www.du.ac.bd/foodcompfile.php 184 http://www.fao.org/infoods/infoods/tables-and-databases/asia/en/

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Nutrient returns for money spent To calculate the nutrient profiles of commonly consumed foods in Bangladesh the Naturally Nutrient Rich Score (NNR) 185 was used 186 . Five nutrients whose intake should be enhanced in Bangladeshi diets were identified: protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A and folic acid. Scores were calculated for these foods based on the content of these nutrients per 100 kcal. Nutrient density versus price per 100kcal of commonly consumed foods in Bangladesh is presented in (Figure 37). Rice, wheat and other cereals, sugars and oils are energy dense and relatively cheaper. However, they supply much less of key nutrients compared to other foods like pulses, eggs and leafy vegetables that have much higher nutrient return for the same amount of money spent. Meat and fish on the other hand, are more expensive, but the nutrient return per 100kcal is much higher. As diets become increasingly energy dense, people consume voluminous foods which cover their energy needs, often in excess. This gives the feeling of satiety while not supplying adequate amounts of nutrients that impacts the nutritional quality of the meal. It is important to encourage the intake of foods which are more nutrient dense and less energy dense so as to enhance nutrient intake, while at the same time limiting the energy consumption and avoid the risks of overweight and obesity. Table 30: Energy and nutrient density of actual and desirable diets in Bangladesh Energy density Nutrient density Desirable Actual Vit. A Protein Calcium Iron Folic Acid Food groups intake intake [RAE] kcal/100g (g/100 (mg/100 (mg/100 (mcg/100 (g) (g) (mcg/ kcal) k cal) k cal) kcal) 100 kcal) Total cereal 400 464 344 2 3 0.3 0 3 Rice 350 424 351 2 3 0.2 0 3 Wheat and 50 40 290 3 8 1.0 0 7 other cereals Pulses 50 14 336 8 22 1.8 1 29 Animal foods 260 76 139 13 18 1.1 51 14 Fish 60 50 121 50 216 1.1 17 10 Poultry and 40 19 131 16 9 1.1 13 5 meat Egg 30 7 158 8 38 1.0 135 32 Milk and milk 130 34 65 5 165 0.1 49 13 products Fruit 100 45 67 1 24 0.7 136 54 Vegetables: 100 36 38 10 673 7.6 1414 323 leafy Vegetables: 200 130 34 5 92 2.2 136 92 non leafy Potato 100 70 66 2 17 0.8 3 27 Fat/oil (visible) 30 20 901 0 0 0.0 0 0 Sugar 20 8 393 0 14 0.0 0 0 Spices 20 66 68 4 76 4.3 49 20 Total for the 1280 187 3 54 0,8 82 27 desirable diet Total for the 964 224 3 19 0.5 17 9 actual diet Source: Author’s Calculations

185 NNR score is calculated by summing up the daily values (ratios of nutrient content per 100kcal to daily Recommended Nutrient Intake for these nutrients and multiplied by 100) of the 5 key nutrients. 186 Drewnowski A and Spencer SE (2004) Poverty and obesity :the role of energy density and energy costs, Am J Clin Nutr : 79: 6-16.

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Sources of information to update data and policy The national and ad hoc surveys and surveillance systems while contributing to inform nutrition sensitive policies and programmes serve to address key underlying determinants of malnutrition and provide updates on enhanced coverage and effectiveness of nutrition specific interventions 187 . The survey findings are beneficial to poverty, gender and emergency related concerns and fill knowledge gaps on agricultural development, food security, nutrition and emergency needs assessment and rehabilitation. The selected food security and nutrition surveys conducted in the reporting period are presented in Table 31. Table 31: Selected food security and nutrition surveys Survey and Coverage Data generated Highlights of findings Partner year BDHS: National Demographic, Reduction in prevalence of child under nutrition NIPORT Preliminary health and (underweight 32.6%, wasting 14.3% and stunting Report, 2014 nutritional status of 36.1%); reduction in adult under nutrition and rise men, women and in overweight/obesity children Urban Health National Health profile of the Decline in fertility below the replacement level NIPORT/MEAS Survey 2014 urban population of indicating national total fertility rate goal of URE Bangladesh. reaching 2.0 births/woman by 2016 achieved in Evaluation/IC urban areas; . Contraceptive use in slum areas DDR,B/USAID/ (70%) is higher than on-slum areas (65%) while DfID antenatal care is still significantly lower in slum areas; infant and under-five mortality rates continue to be high in slums where child malnutrition persists. Bangladesh Upazila Mapping of child Stunting and underweight rates at division level BBS/WFP/ Undernutritio under nutrition are highest in Sylhet followed by Chittagong while IFAD n Mapping using small areas Barisal and Khulna have the lowest rates; Stunting 2012 estimation and is highest in Bandarban of Chittagong Division primary inputs followed by Cox’s Bazaar, while stunting and generated from underweight rates are lowest in Dhaka district; 39 Population and out of 64 districts in Bangladesh have stunting Housing Census rates above WHO critical threshold (40%) and 55 2011, CMNS 2012 districts have underweight rates above WHO and HMSS 2012 threshold ( 30%) Baseline 10 Household socio Around 78% owned 10.16 decimal homestead MoFL/DLS/BR Survey on unions in economic land with 31 to 55% owning poultry; After sale of AC/FAO/ Food Security selected information, poultry poultry ½ spent the returns on while 21% spent USAID and Poultry Districts availability, on investments; 31 to 69% consume poultry; Bio-security of consumption, women of child bearing age and children 6 to 23 and Nutrition Barisal, cooking, dietary months have low poultry consumption (9% and 2014 Satkhira diversity; handling, 16% respectively) hygiene and safety FSNSP, 2013 National Food security and 59% women consume inadequate diet, poor diets BRAC/BBS/HKI surveilla nutrition covering in 1/3 of high income quintile and 2/3 of poorest nce, 3 agro ecological quintile; overweight in over 50% of urban women; rounds regions exclusive breastfeeding 43%; 42% had minimum per year diversity in Complementary Feeding; stunting 35%, underweight 30%, and wasting 11%. MICS, National Disaggregated data Prevalence of child under nutrition: 31.9% BBS/UNICEF 2012/13 /sub on children covering underweight, 42.0% stunting and 9.6% wasting. national social (education, Reflects changes in key indicators, notably MDGs; environment, child generates data on equity, and tracks progress protection) and towards elimination of disparities and helps child nutrition validate the results of focused mother and child indicators interventions.

187 Ruel M et al (2013) Nutrition sensitive interventions and programmes: how can they help to accelerate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition? The Lancet, Maternal and Child Nutrition 3 Series :66-81.

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Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) analysis 188 An IPC analysis of chronic food insecurity situation in 2014 covered 18 districts, 7 in North and 11 in the South of Bangladesh. Out of 18 districts analyzed three are in level 2 (mild chronic food insecurity - CFI), 14 in level 3 (moderate CFI) and 1 in level 4 (severe CFI). In the Northern part, Kurigram is classified in Level 4; while 5 districts, Gaibandha, Lalmonirhat, Sirajgonj, Jamalpur and Rangpur are classified in Level 3. In the South, 9 districts namely Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Pijojpur, Barguna, Patualkili, Jkalokati, Noakhali and Laxmipur, are classified in Level 3. Of the total population in the 18 districts, 10 percent are in level 4 and 18 percent in level 3. IPC analysis of the acute food insecurity situation in 2014 covered 4 riverine districts in Northern of Bangladesh wherein Kurigram was the worst affected and was classified in Emergency phase 4 while Gaibandha, Sirajganj and Jamalpur are classified in Crisis phase 3. The analysis also covered 16 Upazilas, 9 in Kurigram and 7 in Gaibandha Districts. In the Kurigram District, 5 Upazilas are classified as Emergency phase 4; while 4 are classified in Crisis phase 3. In Gaibandha District, 4 Upazilas are classified in Crisis phase 3. Poor food consumption scores were noted for most of the districts. Northern Districts are regularly adversely affected by flooding and riverbank erosions, affecting the livelihoods of people living on the river banks. High levels of chronic poverty and poor access to improved sources of sanitation and high child malnutrition rates are the main challenges.

Accelerating common understanding of nutrition information within health and food systems Two independent and interdependent information systems are in place. The MoHFW has been operating the Nutrition Information Systems (NIS) while MoFood is operating the Food Security Nutrition Information Systems (FSNIS). NIS monitors the coverage of essential nutrition interventions and measures the outcomes and impact against the OP targets and results of the NNS. A standard set of nutrition indicators are included as part of NIS into the DGHS and DGFP management information system. Quality of routine nutrition information in the health sector is being improved for planning and monitoring, decision-making and advocacy by systematic data collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination across relevant sectors, and to evaluate progress, coverage and impact of key nutrition interventions. NNS also aims to collaborate with relevant sectors and partners to analyze the nutrition situation of the country, including establishing linkages with FSNSP and FSNIS. The MoFood established a data management system that allows storage and retrieval of a large set of data which is being used to gradually automate the production of daily and fortnight reports by FPMU. It has a documentation centre and an electronic repository. Web based, integrated data management systems and an electronic library are established. The Country Investment Plan and NFP PoA under an annual monitoring exercise is being monitored by MoFood that collects data on all project investments under the ADP on food security and nutrition and results based indicators (see Programme 7).

6.2.2. Policy development/programmes underway and needs for further action The budget for programme 11 of the CIP accounts for 43 million USD in 2013/14 (0.3% of the total CIP budget) of which 42 million USD is already financed. This programme has 3 sub- programmes, of which 6 projects are completed, 7 projects are ongoing and two projects

188 IPC is a set of protocols to classify the severity and causes of food insecurity and provide actionable knowledge by consolidating wide- ranging evidence.

108 are in the pipeline during 2013/14. Two new projects are included in the pipeline during 2013/14. The budget increased by 5% from 22 million USD in 2009/10 to 23 million USD in 2010/11. The budget then increased by 22% from 23 million USD in 2010/11 to 28 million USD in 2011/12 but reduced by 18% to 23 million USD in 2012/13. The budget increased by 87% to 43 million USD in 2013/14. Six projects were completed costing 2 million USD by 30 June 2014. The delivery of fund for this programme was 1.1 million USD in 2010/11 which increased to 1.5 million USD in 2011/12, 3.6 million USD in 2012/13 and 7.4 million USD in 2013/14. The cumulative delivery as of 2013/14 was 14 million USD, which corresponds to 33% of the programme’s financed budget.

National nutrition mapping launched Undernutrition Maps of Bangladesh 2012 were published in 2014 by BBS, partnering with WFP and IFAD. The mapping exercise serves as a visual tool to identify the spatial variation of undernutrition rates in Bangladesh at the administrative level. The mapping that provides estimates of underweight and stunting for children under five years of age are statistically valid down to upazila level. Small area estimation technique was used on the data from the Population and Housing Census 2011, Child and Mother Nutrition Survey 2012 and Health and Morbidity Status Survey 2012. The BBS is providing hands-on training on poverty and undernutrition mapping jointly with the World Bank.

Global nutrition report – Bangladesh case The global nutrition report which was launched at the ICN2 in November 2014 represented a new contribution to strengthen policy and programmes to monitor progress in nutrition in countries. The report supports the sustainable development goals’ accountability and serves as a spur to improved resource allocation and to intensified action and demand for good nutrition. The report was originally called for by the signatories of the Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Summit Compact in 2013 in recognition of the need to better monitor commitments to improving nutrition. Bangladesh has been showcased for its rapid reduction in child stunting between the periods from 1997 to 2011 with the percentage of stunting declining from 59% to 40%, nearly 1.4% points/year. It illustrates the reduction of stunting at a pace required to meet the WHA 2025 target –through a multi dimensional approach.

Approval of draft national nutrition policy An updated national nutrition policy has been drafted by a multisectoral committee representing 13 sectors including UN, DP and civil society constituted by the MoHFW. The draft nutrition policy focuses largely on direct nutrition interventions with linkages to nutrition sensitive programmes. The inclusion of recommendations from the recent ICN2 declaration in Rome has been considered and integrated in the draft nutrition policy which now awaits Government approval. Needs for further action in this area include: ‹ Improve harmonization between food security and nutrition information systems: Some key nutrition indicators that are consistent with some of the NIS indicators under NNS and FSNSP are included in FSNIS. There is need to improve harmonization and access to core users of the two systems for policy uptake and use at the field level. Common definitions and methods need to be included so that sources from different years can be compared and pooled to construct proper time series data. Capacity development to understand nutrition data is important to increase the use

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of these efforts. Large scale, multi topic, population based surveys such as the BDHS and periodic nutrition surveys need to be carried out to enable analyzes that can help the Government to identify key drivers of undernutrition and shape future investments to accelerate and sustain the pace of reduction. ‹ Train users of FCT and dietary guidelines: The Bangladesh FCT is being used during the reporting period by many end users in the country. In the calculation of nutrients from food consumption data obtained from dietary and household food consumption surveys, users from BBS, BIDS, IPHN, BRAC, FPMU and many other organisations were trained on the use of FCT with support from NFPCSP-FAO. Following requests from non technical users for a simple FCT booklet to enable easy understanding of food composition and nutritive values, the FCT was simplified by INFS and published. A high demand for the use of Bangladesh FCT in the cost of diet analysis exercise by development partners was observed. INFS is extending knowledge on its use through hands-on working sessions. A soft-ware on FCT for the end users needs to be developed for easy calculation. Use of dietary guidelines is being promoted through the joint efforts of MoFood, MoHFW and BIRDEM. Follow- up periodic sessions on use of FCT and dietary guidelines need to be provided for stakeholders across multiple sectors. ‹ Improve management capacity and coordination for nutrition: The Government is giving high priority to nutrition from the highest level. Improved leadership, management capacity and strong coordination across all sectors need to be established in core departments of the ministries of agriculture, fisheries and livestock, food, health and family welfare, women and children affairs. Both nutrition sensitive and specific interventions require technical and operational guidance that would help to systematize and strengthen the programmes. Building sustained ownership between Government and development partners, the existing established mechanism of interagency monitoring, evaluation and reporting systems for nutrition through the NFP PoA and CIP are essential. Tracking food security and nutrition investments across multiple agencies and contributing to results-based programming are also valuable.

6.3. Programme 12: Food safety and quality improvement

Programme 12 aims to improve food safety and quality, and relevant surveillance of food safety and quality. It deals with the following sub-programmes to: (1) improve the surveillance of food-borne diseases, (2) enhance capacities of laboratories and systems for food quality assurance; and (3) support the development of a modern food control management system. These activities are concerned to the NFP PoA AoIs 3.5 and 3.6 which aim to promote safe and quality food supply for national consumption and international trade; and also to provide safe drinking water and improved sanitation facilities for all people.

6.3.1. Progress towards achievements Table 32 shows the progress towards achievement of the programme 12 using the indicators mentioned below:

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Table 32: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 12

CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source

No. of compulsory food items 58 58* 58 58 59 BSTI, MoI standardized by BSTI Prevalence of diarrhea in under 5 10% 5% 12% 5.7% BDHS, na children (in two week period) BDHS BDHS FSNSP BDHS FSNSP Proportion of population served with 97% 98% 98% 98% 99% DPHE safe water supply for domestic use Proportion of population having access to safe drinking water in Na 86% 88% 88% 88% DPHE arsenic affected areas * In 2009/10, Compulsory food items standardised were reported as 64, which included 58 foods and 6 non-foods.

Limited progress in standardization of food items The number of compulsory food items standardized has increased from 58 in 2007/08 to 64 in 2009/10 as it includes 59 food standards and 5 non-food agricultural standards. It had decreased to 58 in 2011/12 and has remained static since 2012/13. Figure 38 : Proportion of children with diarrhoea However, it slightly increased to 59 in given Zinc or ORT therapy by child age and sex 189 Zinc ORS/RHF 2013/14 (Table 32). BSTI as the 80 74 76 71 71 70 67 68 69 focal point for the Codex Alimentarius 63 and as the national standardization 60 50 body, is responsible for 40

standardization of services and Percent products; certification marks and 20 17 14 16 11 14 monitoring quality control of food 10 9 9 9 8 items; promotion of quality assurance 0 activities; rendering testing facilities Male 0 to 8 to 0 9 to 11 to 9 Female for services and products; and 17 to 12 23 to 18 29 to 24 35 to 30 47 to 36 59 to 48 preparation, promotion and adoption Child sex Child age in months of national standards. BSTI has Source: FSNSP 2013 developed and /or adopted a number of voluntary food standards that currently stand at 630. Standardization of food items is important to safeguard consumer health and certification required to influence trade. The establishment of Food Safety Authority and implementation of the Bangladesh Food Safety Act 2013 is expected to strengthen enforcement and supervision to maintain compliance of food standards.

Decrease in the prevalence of diarrhoea The prevalence of diarrhoea during the 2 weeks preceding the survey declined from 10% in 2007 to 5% in 2011 and 5.7% in 2014 as per BDHS (Table 32). FSNSP estimates point to a higher the prevalence of diarrhoea, but this has remained static (12%) throughout the seasons in 2011 and 2012 (14% in 2010; 12% in 2011 and 2012/13). Recent FSNSP estimates show a dramatic decline to 10% in 2013/14. Effective treatment of children during diarrhoea can avert more than 90% of dealths related to diarrhoea 190 . A combination of ORS and zinc improves the recovery time for children who

189 BSTI was established by the Government through an Ordinance passed in July 1985. The Ordinance has been amended as the BSTI (Amendment) Act, 2003. 190 Jones G., et al. (2003). How many child deaths can we prevent this year? Lancet 2003; 362: 65–71.

111 suffer from diarrhoeal illness. BDHS 2014 reported that percentage of under 5 children with diarrhoea treated with ORT and zinc increased to 38.1% in 2014 from 34.1% in 2011. FSNSP records the proportion of young children aged six to 59 months having diarrhoea in the two weeks prior to interview who were treated with zinc or oral rehydration theraphy (ORT). Nationally, thirteen percent children with diarrhoeal episodes in rural areas reportedly use zinc in 2013 - a slight decrease (4 percentage points) from 2012 - while over two-thirds (69%) of children were provided ORT – a slight increase (2 percentage point) from past year (2012). Infants younger than 9 months received ORT in a lower proportion than older children. Young children from 12 to 29 months of age were given zinc therapy in greater proportion than older and younger children (Figure 38), and children between 9 and 35 months were given ORT in greater proportion than older and younger children. Female children receive both zinc and ORT in lower proportion than the male children. The proportion of children with diarrhoea given increased fluids and continued feeding and adequate home care showed marked improvement since 2011. Over three-quarters of children recently ill with diarrhoea were fed increased liquids and continued feeding during their most recent illness, only a Box 13: Food contamination, handwashing perceptions, and little under two-thirds of recently practices ill children received both of these Unhygienic preparation of foods can cause contamination. care practices. Food contact with unwashed hands can be a source of diarrhoea pathogens. ICDDR’B, Alive and Thrive, and JHB Interventions to promote hand School of Public Health reported that most of the informants washing through education and/ stated that food contamination is related with dust or dirt, and or through provision of hand also with feeding their child without washing their hands with washing supplies like soap have soap. Of the 350 surveyed respondents, the five most frequent methods described for preventing food contamination were been shown to be effective in washing utensils with soap and water (61%); washing reducing episodes of diarrhoeal vegetables, fish, and meat (56%); washing hands with soap disease by one-third. Box 13 before feeding a child (55%); cleaning the food preparation provides an update on food area (47%); and washing hands with soap before food contamination, handwashing preparation (40%). Most informants linked the need for handwashing to remove visible dirt on hands and also to perceptions and practices. FSNSP remove germs. 2013 reporting that 98 percent households have soap and 96% of Although a large proportion of the respondents stated the importance of hand washing with soap before food households use it. However, only preparation and feeding a child, the majority do not practise it 5% wash their hands with soap in their community. The availability of soap and water for before preparing food, only 7% washing hands at the most convenient location will encourage before eating and 61% after using handwashing with soap, especially before food preparation toilets 191 . Two-thirds of care givers and child feeding. Improved hand hygiene practices will be easier and consistent with behaviour changed theories that reported that they used soap for stress physical environment support as a key component for hand washing after going to the desired hygiene behaviour. toilet and less than one-tenth of Source: ICDDR,B (2014) caregivers reported washing their hands before preparing food and feeding their child. Interestingly, households with children less than 5 years of age had sanitary latrines in a greater proportion than households without children. The households without access to any toilet facilities has declined

191 Helen Keller International (HKI) and JPGSPH, BRAC Institute of Global Health (BIGH). (2014). State of food security and nutrition in Bangladesh: 2013. Dhaka, BD: HKI and JPGSPH, BIGH.

112 incrementally by three percentage points i.e., from 7% in 2011 to 4% in 2013. This has been largely due to reductions in open defecation in rural areas across the country. Timely access to water plays an important Figure 39 : Caregivers with appropriate role in appropriate hand washing. The hand washing by household characteristics behaviour patterns depends on provision of 50 40 a convenient water source. Care givers from 40 31 less wealthy households with poorer 30 23 25 facilities, practice appropriate hand washing 20 17 19 13 much less frequently than household with 10 better facilities (Figure 39). Only a half of the 0

caregivers who use unimproved water Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 sources practise appropriate hand washing Improved while compared to those who use improved Unimporved water sources. Besides, less educated Wealth quntile Water source mothers report appropriate hand washing Source: FSNSP 2013 behaviour much less frequently than mothers with greater educational attainment.

Slight improvement in safe water supply Bangladesh made tremendous progress in providing safer drinking water to its citizens. The coverage of safe water supply for domestic use increased from 75% in 2002 to 97% in 2007/08, and increased slightly to 98% in 2009/10, and remains unchanged at 98% in 2011/12 and 98% in 2012/13 . However, it is increased to 99% in 2013/14 (Table 32). The universal target of safe water supply could not be met yet. People need access to improved water to reduce the risk of infection. Improved sources of drinking water include piped water to dwelling, protected dug well, tube well and unimproved sources of water include unprotected dug well, cart with small tank. FSNSP 2013 reported that all together, improved sources of water has increased from only a little over half of households (51%) in 2011 to almost two-thirds (62%) in 2013. However, improved sources of drinking water do not guarantee that the water is free from natural contaminants like heavy metals (arsenic). Safe water plays an important role in maintaining good health and nutrition. Whenever water is available at the household level for child-care, food preparation and other productive activities including agricultural homestead production, the health and nutritional status of the people living in the households improved.

Safe drinking water supply in arsenic affected areas remains unchanged Access to safe drinking water increased from 87% in 2010/11 to 88% in 2011/12 and then remained static at 88% in 2012/13 and 2013/14 (Table 32). Tube wells facilitate drinking water availability at the household level, but many are arsenic contaminated, causing long- term health risks. Access to safe drinking water in arsenic affected areas has been gradually increased to reach 88% of the population in 2013. There is need to enhance awareness among the people in the arsenic affected areas about the consequence of using arsenic contaminated water.

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Institutionalization of food safety in Bangladesh for safer food A project on ‘Institutionalization of food safety in Bangladesh for safer food’ is being implemented by the Ministry of Food with technical support from FAO and funding through USAID. The goal of the project is to support institutionalization of food safety in Bangladesh by improving the integration of the national food safety control systems and by enhancing inter-agency collaboration and cooperation, leading to greater consistency in enforcement of regulations and a safer food supply. The project will support to strengthen inter- ministerial and inter-agency collaboration and coordination in the field of food safety control to prepare the way for operationalization of the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA); effective integrated approaches to food safety in all primary sources of production (fish, animal and crop); and to enabling environment for improved third party verification/inspection and certification to national food control. To this end, it will also enhance the coordination on food safety management. There will be continued support and consultations with project partners and Chairman and members of the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA); roadmap and strategy for implementation of the Food Safety Act; continued support on review/formulation of food safety rules and regulations; and increased exposure of National Food Safety Management Advisory Committee members to food safety control systems in other countries including Europe. The Government has made effective of the Bangladesh Food Safety Act from 1 February 2015 and the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority has been established. The key positions of the BFSA like Chairman, 3 Members and a Secretary have been appointed. Besides, national training workshops on good agriculture practices (GAP) for horticulture and poultry and food safety management system, and a regional workshop on food safety were organized.

6.3.2 Policy developments/programmes underway and needs for further action Programme 12 of the CIP has a budget of 52 million USD in 2013/14 (0.4% of the total CIP budget) of which 35 million USD is already financed. This programme includes 3 sub- programmes. As of 30 June 2014, 5 projects are completed, 5 projects are ongoing and 3 projects are in the pipeline. One new project was initiated in the pipeline during 2013/14. The budget of this programme was 190 million USD in 2009/10, which decreased by 76% to 46 million USD in 2010/11, and further reduced by 7% to 43 million USD in 2011/12 and static at 43 million USD in 2012/13. However, the budget of this programme increased to 52 million USD in 2013/14. The completed 5 projects have spent 14.3 million USD in 2013/14. The financial delivery of the programme was 0.8 million USD in 2010/11 which increased to 5.5 million USD in 2011/12 and reduced to 2.7 million USD in 2012/13. However, it was again increased to 4.7 million USD in 2013/14. The cumulative delivery of this programme as of 2013/14 was 14 million USD, which corresponds to 40% of the programme’s financed budget. Different sectors and institutes of the Government are responsible for improved food safety, quality and related issues. The Bangladesh Food Safety Authority established under the Food Safety Act 2013 will coordinate the overall activities for food safety and quality including formulation and implementation of food safety policies, plan of actions, and rules and regulations. IEDCR has set up a nationwide food-borne illness surveillance system recently and also designated as the International Food Safety Authorities Network

114 emergency contact point. Hazard analysis is being initiated across three value chains – poultry, fisheries and horticulture. Needs for further action in this area include: ‹ Enhance awareness on food safety practices: Awareness creation on the importance of food safety and quality for protecting consumer’s health needs to be enhanced across all groups of people. The Consumer Association of Bangladesh (CAB) and its sister NGOs have formed the Bangladesh Food Safety Network in 2012 and are implementing awareness creation activities including advocacy workshops, school and household campaigns and distributing IEC materials based on the 5 keys to food safety (developed by WHO).Training and other interventions, incorporating Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), Good Hygienic Practices (GHP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems as mitigating measures are being implemented. This effort needs scaling up. ‹ Enhance coordination on food safety management: As part of overall food safety management, the National Food Safety Management Advisory Council chaired by the Minister for Food and co-chaired by the Secretary of the Cabinet Division and represented by the concerned ministries, academic and research institutes and agencies needs to be activated. The overall responsibility of food safety and food control management system and coordination among line ministries and agencies lies to the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA). The BFSA needs to effectively function in accordance with the Food Safety Act 2013. Implementation of the IEC/BCC programmes on food safety and safe food practices, developing modern food testing techniques and national food standards in conformity with the Codex Alimentarius, increased coverage of food items under the BSTI standards, enforcement of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) operations and the preparation of national guidelines for implementing the provisions of FAO’s code of conduct for responsible fisheries are necessary. The Authority is working under the Ministry of Food in collaboration with other relevant ministries and agencies. ‹ Formulate food safety regulations: The rules and regulations of the Bangladesh Pure Food Rules 1967 and the modern food safety rules and regulations being implemented in the neighbouring countries should be considered for the formulation of the new food safety regulations, in line with the Food Safety Act 2013. Formulation of the rules and regulations and their approval by the Government before commencement of implementation is necessary. ‹ Recruit and strengthen capacity of the food safety inspectors: The Food Safety Act 2013 has made provision for food safety inspectors to be recruited for the gigantic task of ensuring safe food for all people. The food safety inspectors need to be engaged with specific qualifications and their capacities need to be developed through effective training. ‹ Develop more food standards and ensure compliance: More food safety standards and norms need to be developed and/or harmonized. There is need for strengthening the National Standards Body, the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) which houses the Codex Contact Point and the Secretariat. Sub- committees on subject matters corresponding to the subject/commodity specific

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Codex Committees have been set up for consideration of technical matters. A draft manual of guidelines and procedures has been formulated. A national survey to identify key hazards in 7 most consumed commodities is underway as a collaborative effort between 8 member laboratories of the Bangladesh Food Safety Laboratory Network. ‹ Designate food safety laboratories for specific analysis of foods: The National Food Safety Laboratory in the Institute of Public Health, Dhaka has begun to generate reliable data on hazards and risks in the national food supply. It has developed 45 reference methods to detect chemical and microbiological hazards. Besides, there are other food testing laboratories such as IFST in BCSIR and IFRB in BAEC are providing specific food testing supports to the service seekers. A Bangladesh Food Safety Laboratory Network has been established as a participatory platform for all food analysis laboratories. The laboratories with validated analytical methods, sophisticated equipment, high quality chemicals and expertise need to be designated as food safety laboratories for testing of foods to provide a strong foundation for implementation of the Bangladesh Food Safety Act 2013. ‹ Reduce diarrhoeal prevalence and ensure safe water supply: Use of ORT and zinc supplementation is critical to reduce prevalence of diarrhoeal episodes. Hand washing by mothers/care givers and children, during key times should be emphasised through media campaigns and interpersonal communication by GOs and NGOs. Besides, monitoring of the quality of drinking water on regular basis is essential, and dissemination of the causes of arsenic contamination and remedial measures is necessary. The availability of targeted sanitation facilities for all households should be extended and made accessible along with WASH activities. ‹ Strengthen healthy street food vending: The experience on healthy street food vending in Khulna city through the distribution of 300 hygienic, licensed food carts by the City Corporation and supported by a monitoring system that emphasised behavioural change among both vendors and consumers is being expanded. All 300 vendors have received refresher training in Good Hygienic Practices (GHP). A further 200 street food vendors and more than 100 food service workers have been trained in GHP in 2014, and 200 more carts will be distributed in 2015 in Khulna and a few hundred will be distributed in Dhaka, with all vendors to be provided training. A GHP monitoring system has been stablished in addition to training for civic officials, professionals, school teachers and students. Scaling up healthy street food vending is urgently warranted. ‹ Improve capacity building in value chains: In the fisheries, poultry and horticulture value chains, more than a 100 Master Trainers have undergone a certified training course on implementing food safety guidelines in their respective sub-sectors. Food safety guidelines incorporated into Good Agriculture Practices for each of the sectors has been developed, and 500 farmers in each of the pilot value chains have been enlisted for training and implementation. The results of this effort need to be incorporated in the programmes by the relevant Ministries and departments so that more farmers are adequately trained to implement safe food production practices.

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7. Food Security and CIP financing

The effective implementation of the National Food Policy Plan of Action requires a sizeable and sustained financial investment to support and scale up programmes in the prime sectors of agriculture, rural development, social protection, health and nutrition. Thirteen ministries, including their divisions and various implementation agencies, are responsible for the implementation of NFP PoA. The CIP focuses on those investments with a direct impact on the three dimensions of food security - Availability, Access and Utilization for Nutrition. It tracks resources channelled through the ADP to finance a comprehensive set of 12 priority investment programmes that are consistent with the NFP PoA. The programmes are further classified into 40 sub-programmes to identify the funds required under priority based AoIs of the NFP PoA. This chapter is organized as follows: Section 7.1 analyses the recent national budget and expenditure of the key ministries and divisions related to food security and nutrition. In particular, public spending on poverty reduction and on gender-related issues by NFP partner ministries and divisions are analysed by the use of MoF official data. Section 7.2 briefly presents background information on CIP financing, its timeline, and the process of financial data collection and validation, financial gaps and prioritization. Section 7.3 focuses on CIP financial assessment as of June 2014. More specifically, financial data are analysed by Food Security dimensions, by CIP programmes, by ADP and non-ADP components, execution performance and future commitments. The sub-programme level disaggregation is shown in annexes 4.2 and 4.3.

7.1. Budgets of key NFP partner ministries and space for food security

The budget allocated to NFP partner Figure 40: Budget of NFP partner ministries 192 ministries and divisions can be taken as 800 40% a measure of the fiscal space for FSN interventions in Bangladesh. The budget 600 30% allocated to NFP partner ministries and 400 20% divisions has constantly increased, from Billion taka Billion 248 billion taka in 2007/08 to 526 billion 200 10% taka in 2013/14. The budget figure for 2014/15 is 597 billion taka. NFP partners’ 0 0% share on total budget remained stable between 31% and 30%, over the period Total food security budget Food security share of total budget 2007/08 – 2010/11, while it dropped to 24% in 2013/14, and the same level is Source: MoF,2015 expected for 2014/15 (Figure 40). A detailed budget spending by the key NFP partner ministries and divisions is given in Annex 3.

192 NFP Partner ministries and divisions are a subset of the thirteen partners and include: MoA, MoFL, MoWR, LGD, RDCD, MCHTA, MoSW, MoWCA, MoFood/a, MoDM/b, MoHFW. 117

Gender-related expenditure by NFP Figure 41: Gender-related budget spending by partners FSN partners

Gender spending by the NFP partner 300 ministries and divisions increased more 250 than three times over the discussion 200 period (Figure 41). During the period 150

2007/08 - 2008/09, gender-related taka Billion 100 expenditure more than tripled from 73 50 to 273 billion taka in 2013/14. The 0 budget figure for 2014/15 is 296 billion taka, 9% up from the previous year. MoA, LGD, MoDM and MoHFW MoHFW MoDM/b MoFood/a MoWCA MoSW MCHTA accounts for 77% of the entire 2014/15 RDCD LGD MoWR MoFL MoA Source: MoF, 2015 budget. This increase is much faster than total FSN budget, over the period 2007/08 – 2014/15. This suggests that fiscal space for gender is increasingly important for FSN partners. The share of gender spending in the total budget of NFP partners increased from 30% to Figure 42: Share of gender-related budget 50% over the period 2007/08–2014/15 spending by NFP partners (Figure 42). Looking at individual 80% 193 sectors, agriculture-related share of 60% gender spending increased from 24% to 50% over the period 2007/08–2014/15. 40% 194 Rural development-related budget 20% spending increased from 8% to 46% 0% over the same period. In 2014/15, among FSN partners, the highest share of gender-related expenditure (60%) on Gender-related budget % Agriculture, gender % Rural development, gender % Social security-welfare, gender % total budget is that of welfare related- Health -nutrition, gender % 195 partners (Figure 42). Source: MoF, 2015

Public spending on poverty reduction MoF data 196 track spending on poverty reduction, which is essential for enabling people to access food and nutrition security. Even though the anti-poverty budget shows an increasing pattern, its share on total Government spending declined over the last eight years (Figure 43). Public spending on poverty reduction has increased over the period 2007/08 – 2013/14 reaching 1,094 billion taka, from the initial 491 billion taka. The budget figure for 2014/15 is 1,308 billion taka, 20% up from the previous year (Figure 43). Over the period 2007/08 – 2014/15, poverty spending expanded by around 166%, which compares against an increase by 211% of GoB total budget 197 . This faster growth explains the decreasing proportion of poverty on total budget (red line in Figure 43): while it decreased substantially (from 61% to

193 Agriculture sector includes MoA, MoFL and MoWR. 194 Rural Development includes LGD, RDCD and MCHTA. 195 MoSW, MoWCA, MoFood and MoDM. 196 MoF data considers MoFood/a, MoDM/b consolidated budget for 2007/08 and 2008/09. 197 GoB total budget increased from 0.8 to 2.5 billion taka over the period 2007/08 – 2013/14.

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51%) over the period 2007/08–2011/12, Figure 43: Expenditure on anti-poverty it remained relatively stable (ranging from 1400 70% 51% to 52%) over the period 2011/12 - 1200 60% 2014/15 (Figure 43). This implies that the 1000 50% proportion of budget spending on other 800 40% items increased faster than the 600 30% Billion Billion taka expenditure on poverty. 400 20% 200 10% 0 0% 7.2. CIP financing: timeframe and data processing

Total Poverty budget Poverty as % of total budget The CIP represents a dynamic budgeting Sou rce: MoF, 2015 system aggregating ADP projects into 12 programmes and 40 sub-programmes, which are prioritized in order to effectively implement the PoA. Regarding CIP timeframe, the implementation period goes from the 1st July 2010 to the end of the fiscal year under analysis. Therefore, the CIP 2015 refers to the period 1st July 2010 to 30 th June 2014. Depending on its implementation status within the CIP 2015, a project can be accounted as: completed , if it ended by the end of June 2014; ongoing , if it is still not concluded by the end of June 2014; or pipeline , if the project is expected to begin and to receive financing after 30th June 2014. Data collected for each projects includes its timeline (i.e. start and end date), total budget, current status, yearly and cumulative delivery and other information (share of co-financing, project’s description, etc.). The start and end dates play a vital role in the CIP monitoring exercise as the total CIP budget and yearly pro-rata budget are calculated based on the actual duration (in days) of the project. After financial data are collected from the relevant GoB agencies (see section on approach to the monitoring), they are validated against the figures presented in the ADP book, yearly published in April by the IMED of the Ministry of Planning. The data are subsequently utilized to update the CIP database and in turn generate the relevant financial analysis (see section 7.3). Besides, the validation process for pipeline projects’ financial data is conducted by using the green pages of the ADP book yearly published in March by the Planning Commission. The pipeline projects are subsequently prioritized under the relevant sub-programmes and incorporated into the CIP database. The prioritization criteria were determined in a participatory manner through extensive consultations during the baseline year, and can be summarized as follows: - TOP priority: 90% of the financial requirement prioritized; - HIGH priority: 70% of the financial requirement prioritized; - MEDIUM priority: 50% of the financial requirement prioritized; - LOWER priority: 40% of the financial requirement prioritized; - These criteria were applied by sub programme to pipeline projects. ADP is presented in terms of taka which is converted to USD for analysis and reporting at the exchange rate of 69.5 taka per USD for the entire period of CIP monitoring exercise. DPs report their financial contribution in their own currencies, which are subsequently converted into USD, using a fixed conversion rate.

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The financial data in this monitoring report include data for all 5 CIP years (i.e. CIP 2011, CIP 2012, CIP 2013, CIP 2014 and CIP 2015) which are revised based on the most recent data: - CIP 2011 refers to projects to be implemented during 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2015 using data as of June 2010; - CIP 2012 refers to projects to be implemented during 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2015 using data as of June 2011; - CIP 2013 refers to projects to be implemented during 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2015 using data as of June 2012; - CIP 2014 refers to projects to be implemented during 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2015 using data as of June 2013. - CIP 2015 refers to projects to be implemented during 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2015 using data (newly collected) as of June 2014.

7.3. CIP Budget evolution

In its fifth year, CIP 2015 totals 12.7 billion USD, of which 8.8 billion is already financed by GoB (64%) and the DPs (36%) and 3.9 billion USD represents the financial gap, of which 2.7 billion USD is target as a priority (Table 33). The budget has increased by 6% from last reporting year, 2012/13, and by 56% compared to the Figure 44: CIP Evolution by FSN dimension baseline, 2009/10 (Annex 7500 Gap 4.1). As of June 2014, the Financed composition of total budget 6000 can be summarized as 4500 follows: Availability 3000 dominates (58%), followed by USD Million Access (39%) while Utilization 1500 (3%) is left behind. These shares compare with similar 0 ones for last year: 61%, 36%

and 4%, respectively. In the Access Access Access Access Access Nutrition Nutrition Nutrition Nutrition Nutrition baseline year, the total Availability Availability Availability Availability Availability budget was more evenly CIP 2011 CIP 2012 CIP 2013 CIP 2014 CIP 2015 distributed throughout the dimension: 51%, 40%, and 9%, respectively (Figure 44). The current distribution among the two main components is explained by the large volume of financial commitments under Availability (Figure 48). Table 33: Summary of CIP 2015 budget (as of June 2014, in million USD) Financed Total Pipeline projects (ongoing and completed) CIP Dimensions CIP GoB DPs Total Total Priority A=D+E B C D E F Availability 7,331 2,644 1,442 4,086 3,245 2,236 Access 4,885 2,896 1,397 4,293 593 450 Utilization 449 91 319 410 39 28 Total 12,665 5,632 3,157 8,789 3,876 2,714

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While the Government allocates proportionally more than Development Partners to programmes under Availability and Access (respectively 65% and 67% of the total dimension-specific budget), DPs invest more than GoB on Nutrition, 78% of the dimension- specific budget (Table 33). The fiscal space for FSN is largely dominated by Availability and Access. Utilization for Nutrition-related investments lag behind and attention is required especially by GoB funded investments.

Figure 45: Financed budget by FSN Figure 46: Pipeline resources by FNS dimension dimension

CIP Financed budget allocation The financed budget has increased by 12% up to 8.8 billion USD, from the last reporting year, and by 62% compared to the baseline (Annex 4.1). As of June 2014, almost half of the financed budget (49%) is allocated to Access and 46% to Availability; this leaves to Utilization for Nutrition a residual of nearly 5% of the total financed budget (Figure 45). Compared to last reporting year, while the share for Utilization did not change, the Availability budget share reduced from 49% and that of Access increased from 47%. Compared to the baseline, the current situation shows a shift from Access to Availability and Nutrition (Annex 4.1). Overall financing for Availability and Access achieved a steady growth over the CIP implementation period. Availability-related financed budget grew sharply especially in its second year of implementation (2011/12) and then slowed down in the last two years and reached 4.1 billion USD in 2013/14. Access-related financed budget consistently grew and reached 4.3 billion USD in 2013/14, from 1.8 billion USD in the baseline. Nutrition, however, increased slowly from 0.1 billion USD in the baseline to 0.4 billion USD in 2013/14. The share of allocation by FSN dimension indicates that fiscal space for Nutrition -while slightly improved compared to the baseline - appears still inadequate. Looking at share of budget allocation by programme, notably, programme 6 on “Improved access to markets” and programme 2 on “Improved water management” convey half of the total financed budget (Figure 47). This share decreased from 51% and 57%, registered during the last reporting year and the baseline, respectively. Moreover, programme 9 on “Effective safety nets” and programme 3 on “Improved quality of input and soil fertility” channel 29% of the total budget, which is similar to the share registered in both last reporting year and the baseline (28%). Overall, the four programmes’ budget share remained unchanged over the previous year (79%), but reduced compared to the baseline (85%). As of June 2014, the remaining 8 programmes account for 21%, the same share of

121 last reporting year, which expanded over the baseline share (15%). The three programmes under Utilization represent around 5% of total CIP financed budget. This share is mainly concentrated under programme 10 on "Community based nutrition", while the programme 11 and 12 channelled a small portion of the budget for Utilization for Nutrition. Figure 47: Share of CIP 2015 financed budget by Programme

1.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.2% Improved access to markets 3.2% Improved water management 3.5% 3.8% Effective safety nets Improved quality of input and soil fertility 28.9% 7.6% Sustainable and diversified agriculture Community based nutrition 12.4% Fisheries and aquaculture Development Enhanced Public Food Management Systems 21.5% 16.5% Livestock development Orient food and nutrition program through data Food Safety and Quality Improvement Implementation and monitoring of NFP and CIP actions

On one side, this indicates that while still largely predominant, fiscal space for programme 6 and 3 has been progressively reducing over the CIP implementation period. On other side, “Community based nutrition” largely maintained its leading role in channelling financial resources under Utilization for Nutrition.

Changes in CIP financed budget Table 34 shows the evolution of additional financing and related share of revisions as of June 2014 compared to the baseline. Overall financed budget increased on a yearly basis by 918 million USD. Out of the 918 million USD, 58% consists of newly financed projects, while 42% is due to budget revisions on existing projects. The total change is mainly due to Access component (66%) and on a lower measure to Availability (29%), while Utilization contribution is residual (5%). Project revisions are mainly due to Access-related projects, while the contribution in terms of newly financed projects is more evenly distributed throughout FSN dimensions (Table 34). Table 34: Evolution of additional financing in CIP budget (in million USD) Project Total Total Financed Total Addition CIP cost Addition in increase revision budget in change in during CIP Components revised in CIP 2015 CIP CIP CIP 2015 CIP 2015 2011-2015 CIP 2015 2011-2015 2011-2015 Availability 4,086 262 (18) 280 2,638 0 2,638 Access 4,293 609 399 210 2,483 689 1,794 Utilization 410 47 6 40 315 16 299 Total 8,789 918 387 530 5,436 705 4,731

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Changes in the CIP pipeline (gap to be financed) As of June 2014, financing gap within CIP totals 3.9 billion USD down from 4.1 billion USD in the previous reporting year (Figure 48). The budget waiting for financing is largely concentrated under Availability (84%) and on a Figure 48: Evolution of CIP pipeline, total and priority lower measure under Access projects (15%); while a meagre 1% 3750 only is left to Nutrition- Non -priority Priority related programmes (Figure 3000 46). The Availability-related 2250 financial gap increased over 1500

the first four years, from 2.7 USD Million billion USD of the baseline 750 year to 3.5 billion USD in CIP 0 2014, while reduced in CIP 2015 to 3.2 billion USD. Access-related financial gap Access Access Access Access Access Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization Utilization decreased gradually over Availability Availability Availability Availability Availability the entire CIP period from CIP 2011 CIP 2012 CIP 2013 CIP 2014 CIP 2015 1.4 billion to 0.6 billion. Nutrition-related financial gap reduced from 660 million USD of the baseline year to 39 million USD in the latest CIP period.

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Number of CIP related projects as of June 2014 As of June 2014, out of 415 financed projects, 136 projects are completed within the 30 th June 2014, while 279 projects are still ongoing: some of those will be completed within the CIP period, while some others will continue beyond 30 th June 2015. However, a total of 132 projects are listed in the pipeline as they are waiting for financing in the forthcoming years. Table 35 displays the number of currently financed and pipeline projects compared with baseline and previous year by programmes. Since the baseline year, the increase of 244 financed projects and decline of 124 pipeline projects suggests that additional projects have been financed under the CIP in addition to the identified pipeline. This can be due to several causes which include the fast tracking of specific projects, which received financing without being previously pipelined. Table 35: Number of CIP 2015 projects compared to previous year and baseline period CIP 2011 CIP 2014 CIP 2015 CIP programme Ongoing / Ongoing / Ongoing / Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline completed completed completed Sustainable and 1 28 62 84 18 93 22 diversified agriculture Improved water 2 31 29 56 16 62 20 management Improved quality of input 3 16 20 29 9 32 9 and soil fertility Availability Fisheries and aquaculture 4 17 20 34 21 36 13 Development 5 Livestock development 12 22 22 19 26 18 Availability 104 153 225 83 249 82

Improved access to 6 31 29 60 13 65 21 markets Implementation and 7 monitoring of NFP and CIP 3 6 5 1 5 2 actions Access Enhanced Public Food 8 3 18 8 1 9 4 Management Systems 9 Effective safety nets 19 15 34 6 35 11 Access 56 68 107 21 114 38

Community based 10 4 15 26 4 29 7 nutrition Orient food and nutrition 11 3 9 12 - 13 2 program through data

Utilization Food Safety and Quality 12 4 11 10 2 10 3 Improvement Utilization 11 35 48 6 52 12

Total 171 256 380 110 415 132

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Average CIP project budget Table 36 shows the average size of the completed, ongoing and pipeline projects by programme and FSN dimension. Average size of financed projects increased marginally to 21.2 million USD, from 20.7 million USD in the last reporting year and from 19.6 million USD in the baseline. The pipeline projects' size reduced to 29 million USD compared to 38 million USD in the previous reporting year and to 19 million USD in the baseline. The size of Availability projects increased compared to the baseline while slightly reduced compared to previous reporting year. The size of ongoing projects in the Access component has been constantly increasing, while that of projects in Utilization has been fluctuating. Table 36: Average CIP project budget - ongoing / completed and pipeline by programme CIP 2011 CIP 2014 CIP2015 CIP programme Ongoing / Ongoing / Ongoing / Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline completed completed completed Sustainable and 1 5.0 8.8 7.9 7.8 7.2 5.8 diversified agriculture Improved water 2 24.7 29.6 31.0 46.1 30.5 39.4 management Improved quality of input 3 21.9 13.0 36.4 241.7 34.0 232.2 and soil fertility Availability Fisheries and aquaculture 4 7.6 16.6 7.2 11.1 8.5 10.5 Development 5 Livestock development 5.1 31.5 5.5 8.6 5.2 5.6 Availability 13.9 17.6 17.0 41.6 16.4 39.6 Improved access to 6 36.9 23.0 37.6 11.2 39.1 6.5 markets Implementation and 7 monitoring of NFP and CIP 3.4 11.3 3.4 3.1 3.4 1.9 actions Access Enhanced Public Food 8 21.1 16.9 31.0 106.4 31.6 27.3 Management Systems 9 Effective safety nets 31.1 26.2 34.3 60.2 41.4 31.1 Access 32.3 21.1 34.4 29.3 37.7 15.6 Community based 10 20.3 30.7 12.1 10.6 11.5 2.9 nutrition Orient food and nutrition 11 0.2 2.4 1.9 - 3.2 0.2 program through data

Utilization Food Safety and Quality 12 3.2 16.1 2.7 8.3 3.5 6.0 Improvement Utilization 8.6 18.9 7.6 9.8 7.9 3.2 Total 19.6 18.7 20.7 37.5 21.2 29.4

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CIP delivery between July 2010 and June 2014 CIP delivery considers actual rather than budgeted expenditure. As of June 2014, cumulative delivery is 4.8 billion USD, implying a yearly average delivery of 0.96 billion USD. Total delivery accounts for 54% of total financed budget. Availability, Access and Utilization for Nutrition delivered respectively 51%, 59% and 32% of their respective financed budgets. Budget delivery in 2013/14 is almost 1.6 billion USD, which is higher than the yearly average delivery and compared to that of last reporting year. Out of the total, GoB delivered 2.8 billion USD while DPs disbursed 2 billion USD (Table 37). Table 37: Cumulative delivery as of June 2014 (in million USD) Delivery in FY 2012/13 Cumulative delivery as of Delivery in FY 2013/14 CIP programme (revised) 2013/14 GoB DPs Total GoB DPs Total GoB DPs Total Sustainable and 1 diversified 77 43 119 82 34 115 243 112 355 agriculture Improved water 2 184 46 230 163 62 225 590 168 758 management Improved quality of 3 input and soil 35 188 223 58 275 333 167 559 727 fertility Availability Fisheries and 4 aquaculture 26 11 37 42 11 54 128 34 163 Development Livestock 5 11 12 24 14 9 23 40 45 85 development Availability 333 301 634 359 391 750 1170 919 2088 Improved access to 6 369 125 494 313 84 398 951 403 1354 markets Implementation 7 and monitoring of 0 4 4 0 3 3 0 13 13 NFP and CIP actions Enhanced Public Access 8 Food Management 55 6 61 41 1 43 158 7 165 Systems Effective safety 9 159 145 304 147 165 313 481 528 1010 nets Access 583 280 863 502 254 755 1590 952 2542 1 Community based 4 9 12 13 52 66 22 81 103 0 nutrition Orient food and 1 nutrition program 1 3 4 1 6 7 3 11 14 1 through data

Utilization Food Safety and 1 Quality 1 2 3 2 3 5 4 10 14 2 Improvement Utilization 5 13 19 16 61 78 28 102 130 Total 921 594 1515 877 706 1583 2788 1972 4760

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Yearly execution performance Yearly execution performance in 2013/14 is 53% down from 73% in the previous CIP years. Figure 49 shows the execution rate by individual programmes in 2013/14. This is a positive result considering the accounting principles to compute the execution performance indicator. The CIP considers the total budget of single projects for their whole duration and accounts for yearly quotas within the CIP period. The rate of execution is the proportion of yearly delivery to yearly pro-rata budget. Since the unspent budget is always carried forward to the next CIP year, pro-rata budgets are subsequently Figure 49: Execution performance by FSN programmes calculated by including the 100% unspent budget on the next year. This reduces execution 75% performance in years where pro-rata budget is higher 50% due to unspent budget inclusion from the previous 25% year. 0% Yearly budget allocation and

in turn execution 1 Prog 2 Prog 3 Prog 4 Prog 5 Prog 6 Prog 7 Prog 8 Prog 9 Prog Prog 10 Prog 11 Prog 12 Prog performance depend on Availability Access Nutrition projects’ timeline. Actually, Execution gap Execution rate by programme Overall rate achieved projects’ adjustments (such as, budget’s revision and extension of project’s duration) required for poorly executed projects can modify yearly budget allocation and in turn execution performance. The current situation in terms of execution performance suggests that extension of those projects with low delivery rate is likely. This would translate in revision of budgetary allocations that, coupled with increasing service costs, could compromise implementation of new pipeline projects. New projects funding may consequently decline as implementing agencies focus their attention on projects’ completion rather than initiating new ones. It is, therefore, necessary to accelerate projects’ implementation, without compromising their effectiveness, to make sure that pipeline projects will be timely implemented. To accelerate investments, budget delivery and in turn improve execution performance, strengthening the governance for projects and programmes implementation is a crucial premise.

CIP financing beyond June 2015 CIP monitoring has been planned for a 5-year implementation period, whereas the ADP is a continuous process. The current monitoring exercise is expected to end in June 2015 and CIP budget is computed up to the end of CIP period. As a result, the closer the end of CIP, the larger is the budget’s share falling beyond CIP. This budget can either be already financed (for ongoing projects, which will continue after the end of June 2015), or in the pipeline (for projects that will start after the end of June 2015). As of June 2014, investments for ongoing projects continuing beyond the CIP period (i.e. after 30 th June 2015) total 1.6 billion USD, up by 961 million USD compared to previous reporting period. Out of this budget, 881 million USD represent DPs contribution, while 754

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million USD are GoB financing. Utilization, Availability and Access cover respectively 6%, 49% and 45% of the post-CIP financed budget (Table 38). The longest project beyond CIP is a BWDB project (under programme 3), which will end in 30 th June 2020. On the other hand, 3.2 billion USD is the financing gap for projects that will start after June 2015. This figure represents the 84% of the current CIP financing gap, accounting for those projects that will start before 30 th June 2015. Utilization, Availability and Access cover respectively 1%, 70% and 29% of the post-CIP pipeline (Table 38). The share of allocation in both current and future FSN related programmes indicates that fiscal space for Nutrition is still inadequate, although signs of improvement can be appreciated specifically in the post-CIP financed budget. Table 38: Post CIP financed budget through ADP (in million USD) CIP programme Ongoing projects Pipeline

Total GoB DPs Total

1 Sustainable and diversified agriculture 238 106 132 48 2 Improved water management 497 127 370 163 3 Improved quality of input and soil fertility 30 16 15 1,642 4 Fisheries and aquaculture Development 25 22 4 305 Availability 5 Livestock development 11 10 1 83 Availability 802 280 522 2,240

6 Improved access to markets 441 271 170 269 Implementation and monitoring of NFP 7 1 - 1 18 and CIP actions Enhanced Public Food Management 8 Access 18 18 - 292 Systems 9 Effective safety nets 272 159 113 362 Access 732 448 284 941

10 Community based nutrition 69 24 45 9 Orient food and nutrition program 11 31 2 28 1 through data

12 Utilization Food Safety and Quality Improvement 2 - 2 7 Utilization 101 26 75 17

Total 1,635 754 881 3,198

7.4. Development partners' reporting on contribution to CIP

The goal of collecting data on DPs contribution to CIP is to identify the DPs-specific ongoing contributions and future commitments; to seize DPs’ alignment to ADP; and to further validate the CIP monitoring as reported by GoB, through TT members and vetted with ADP book data. From a theoretical point of view, the total CIP budget as reported by GoB should tally with the total CIP budget as reported by DPs. However, this has not been the case for the previous three years of CIP implementation. Budgets’ alignment has improved in 2013/14 due to extensive crosschecking and validation process. As of June 2014, DPs contribution as reported by GoB totals 3,157 million USD, which compares with DPs-reported amount of 3,149 million USD. The difference of 8 million USD

128 represents a substantial improvement compared to the gap of 292 million USD, reported in 2012/13. Figure 50 shows DPs’ contribution through the ADP and non-ADP channels, as well as possible future commitments within the CIP period. In 2013/14, total DPs’ contribution through ADP accounts for Figure 50: ADP/non-ADP contribution and future 3,149 million USD, which commitments increased by 296 million USD compared to the previous reporting year. Besides, contribution through non-ADP channels increased to 979 million USD by 85 million USD, compared to last reporting year. However, 2013/14 future contributions to CIP decreased by 22% to 1,267 million USD, from 1,547 million USD in 2012/13. As CIP approaches its end, CIP future commitments show a reduced volume, as only one year to implement the CIP is left. Most of the DPs’ future commitments are therefore increasingly reflected beyond the CIP period.

Development Partners Figure 51: Portfolio of largest donors through ADP contribution through ADP Figure 51 shows the top contributors (more than 20 million USD) among the DPs, as of June 2014. Among the top-five DPs (contributing more than 300 million USD), DFID is the only one investing (125 million USD) in Utilization- related programmes, while the other top-five only contribute to either

Availability or Access. The World Bank is the top contributor with 620 million USD. Besides, IFAD, EU and EKN contribute between 100 and 200 million USD. Out of 131 million of EU budget, 36% was Nutrition-related financing, while IFAD and EKN mostly financed only through Availability. Among the other DPs, only UNICEF contributed exclusively through Nutrition-related programmes.

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DPs contribution through Figure 52: Portfolio of largest donors through non-ADP Non-ADP As of June 2014, DPs channelled 979 million USD through non-ADP budget, up from 894 million USD in 2012/13. USAID and DFID alone provided 76% of the non-ADP budget. While USAID is largely investing on non-ADP Nutrition-related projects (122 million USD), DFID contributes to non-ADP budget with 390 million USD under Availability and Access related programmes only. Figure 52 presents the portfolio of largest DPs contributing to non-ADP channels.

DPs Commitments beyond CIP period The DPs commitments beyond CIP are accounted on a yearly pro-rata budget, after 30 th June 2015. As of June 2014, total financed budget beyond CIP totals 1,180 million USD, which compares with 492 million USD in 2012/13. Non-ADP commitment beyond June 2015 is 249 million compared to 85 million USD in the previous reporting year. Finally, future contribution beyond CIP stands at 1,180 million USD compared to 615 million in 2013/14. Details of DPs future commitments by programme are given in Annex 4.6c.

7.5. Recommendations

‹ Continue sustaining FSN investments beyond CIP period: CIP budget continued expanding in both financed and pipeline components. However, with the CIP coming to its end, financial resources will be increasingly allocated and accounted after June 2015. Furthermore, efforts should be made to secure financial gap for pipeline projects. In particular, while Government financing on Utilization component slightly increased in recent years, GOB only spent 0.36 USD for each USD spent by DPs. ‹ Improve execution performance: Execution performance slowed down compared to last exceptional year, and needs to accelerate as only 41% of the financed budget is utilized in 2013/14. This may result in extension of ongoing projects and increase in cost, and in turn it may hamper new project initiatives. ‹ Focus on areas lagging behind: Some of the sub-programmes, such as subprogramme 8.1 and 8.2, did not have any financed project over the entire CIP period. Further investigation is needed to minimize these gaps, especially for the subprogramme 8.1 due mainly to the absence of project listed in the pipeline as future interventions. Moreover, there are sub-programmes against which no pipeline projects were identified (e.g. sub-programmes 2.3, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 7.1, 8.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.2). It would therefore be challenging to implement PoA interventions related to the programmes where these sub-programmes are listed.

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‹ Upscale project formulation under utilization for nutrition sensitive interventions: Formulation of new projects is required to scale-up the financing of Utilization programmes. DPs have a huge investment outside the ADP for nutrition programmes. The lessons and experience gained in implementing the programmes should be shared with the Government for possible expansion of projects along the ADP activities. Moreover, while the contribution of projects under Utilization is very low, Nutrition interventions need to be strongly integrated into initiatives under Availability and Access pillars. It is therefore essential to target nutrition sensitive interventions towards enhancing delivery on nutrition outcomes and to mainstream them into new initiatives within the other FSN pillars.

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8. Overall assessment and recommendations

The National Food Policy (NFP) provides strategic guidance for achieving food and nutrition security. The NFP Plan of Action (PoA) translates this into 26 Areas of Intervention (AoI) for the period 2008 to 2015. The Bangladesh Country Investment Plan: A Road Map towards Investment in Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition (CIP) identifies 12 investment programmes to ensure implementation of the PoA. Implementation mechanisms and responsibilities across Government are specified in the NFP PoA Section I.4 and Part II, respectively.

8.1. Overall assessment

Need to continue progress Progress towards the NFP goal is measured using undernourishment, child underweight and child stunting. In 2013/14, undernourishment was estimated at 16.7%, underweight at 32.6% and stunting at 36.1%, with the targets having been achieved. While there has been remarkable progress over the past two decades, major challenges remain to sustain the gains into the future. Undernourishment has risen in the last four years, food based poverty declined, especially at the lower threshold, but at a slower pace than expenditure based poverty while considering all 3 indicators. The decline in underweight and stunting has been appreciable, though slower than that of expenditure based poverty but faster than food based poverty at the higher threshold. Four food security and nutrition indicators of the Results Framework of the SFYP shows that agricultural GDP growth remarkably improved compared to the previous year, reaching 4.3% in 2013/14 and spending on social protection as share of GDP remained almost static reaching 2.26% in 2013/14 – all remaining below targets. While poverty estimates are not available after 2010, GDP growth per capita suggests that the poverty headcount in 2013/14 could be expected to be around 25%, indicating achievement of the MDG 1 target. The rice- wage increased by 73.3%, exceeding the yearly target. As foreseen in the 7FYP, Bangladesh will embark in expanding FSN within a broader inter- sectoral vision. The comprehensive analysis of progress achieved under NFP PoA and CIP provides a policy update to inform the preparation of the 7FYP.

Sustain rice production and strengthen crop diversification Yearly agricultural GDP (excluding forestry) growth accelerated by 2.1 percentage up to 4.3% in 2013/14, meeting its target, mainly due to increased rice, animal and fish production. Rice import dependency, measured as an average for the period 2011/12- 2013/14 consequently dropped to 1%, down from 2.3% registered in 2012/13. Instability of rice production has remained substantially unchanged in 2013/14 from its lowest level over the reference period of 2.9% registered in 2012/13, mainly due to the stability in rice production throughout all seasons. In 2013/14, price of rice was more stable than the previous year although on an increasing trend, while wheat price has been decreasing and more volatile over the same period. Although the agricultural trade deficit rose to 6.9 billion USD in 2011, fishery exports improved. Crops other than rice, fishery and livestock grew, suggesting a diversification of food production patterns. A more diversified production

133 requires a more diversified set of inputs, public and private services and infrastructures, with greater inclusion of increasing numbers of small and marginal farms.

Sustain and promote food access Rice wage increased substantially, income poverty reduced and population with deficient calorie intake declined – all pointing to a wider access to food. Generation of employment and skill development are high priorities to ensure that wages and labour productivity continues to improve. However, many people remain vulnerable, for which increased attention needs to be paid for ensuring pro-poor growth and establishing peoples’ right to food. Alongside, stabilizing food prices, promoting non-farm employment and reducing wage difference between men and women warrant special attention.

Promote safe and diversified diets and reduce malnutrition Caloric adequacy alone cannot help meet dietary nutritional requirements. Protein requirement is met largely from rice with the quality of protein being inadequate. The supply and intake of dietary energy from cereals though declined slightly, has not adequately reduced to meet the recommended target of 60% Cereal Energy. Diversification of food systems to improve nutrition, including capacity strengthening of women in nutrition-sensitive agriculture is essential. Implementation of prevention and control strategies for NCDs and addressing the double burden of malnutrition (39% of women having BMI>23 and 17% women having BMI<18.5) and promotion of dietary diversity are keys to addressing the problem. The rate of under nutrition especially stunting among children under 5 needs to be further accelerated. Appropriate IYCF practices would help increase the proportion of children 6 to 23 months fed a minimum acceptable diet from its current level of 23%. Fortification initiatives need to be scaled-up notably USI, wherein iodized salt consumption was only 81% in 2014. Universal access to safe water is yet to be reached while that of hygiene and sanitation is much further away, both which are critical barriers to improved nutrition.

The CIP 2015: financial input monitoring CIP 2015 totals 12.7 billion USD, of which 8.8 billion is already financed by GoB (64%) and the DPs (36%) and 3.9 billion USD represents the financial gap, of which 2.7 billion USD is targeted as priority. As of June 2014, Access, Availability and Utilization channel respectively 49%, 46% and 5% of financed budget. Financing gap reduced to 3.9 billion USD from 4.1 billion USD in previous reporting year. Future commitments within CIP are largely concentrated on Availability (84%), to a lesser extent on Access (15%) and only marginally on nutrition (1%). In 2013/14, budget delivery increased by 4% up to 1.6 billion USD from the previous reporting year, and reached 4.8 billion USD since 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation. This figure represents 54% of total financed budget. In particular, Availability, Access and Nutrition delivered 51%, 59% and 32% of their financed budget. As of June 2014, GoB invested 1.78 USD for each USD spent by DPs. This figure varies among components: 1.8 USD for Availability, 2 USD for Access, while 0.3 USD only for Utilization for Nutrition. Looking at investments beyond June 2015 (post-CIP period), 1.6 billion USD is already financed as of June 2014: with Utilization, Availability and Access covering 6%, 49% and 45% respectively. The analysis of both financed budget and financing gap both within and post

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CIP indicates that fiscal space for Nutrition in both current and future FSN related programmes is still inadequate. Analysis of the CIP indicates the following conclusion: ‹ Continue sustaining FSN investments beyond CIP period; ‹ Improve execution performance; ‹ Focus on areas lagging behind; ‹ Upscale projects’ formulation under Food Utilization for Nutrition-sensitive intervention.

8.2. Recommendations

NFP Objective 1: Availability Crop sector performance is improving steadily. Variety development, quality seed delivery and increased irrigation coverage are contributing to this achievement. Production of non- crops also shows signs of improvement. Diversification to fisheries, livestock and non-rice crops contributes to the achievement in overall food and nutrition security. Self sufficiency status in rice is continued with reducing dependence on imports. Attainment of self sufficiency in fisheries is not too far. The country is providing 19.3 kg per capita per year as opposed to the required 21.9 kg. The country has adequate potential to produce further to meet the requirement. Inputs supplies improved and the prices show no escalation. Credit delivery increased due to conducive policy changes. Subsidy on fertilizer is on the decline. Shrimp policy and aquaculture development and action plans, and research initiatives for development of fish varieties and crab are expected to positively influence the fisheries sector. The livestock sector scenario however is dismal. Prices of all meat products are increasing largely due to production shortages. Implementation of new livestock extension policy, expanding vaccination and artificial insemination programme, efforts for promoting hybrid cattle and disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation within livestock sector could perhaps contribute to the development of livestock sector. Programme 1 on sustainable and diversified agriculture through research and extension ‹ Sustain nutrition oriented agricultural research; ‹ Improve the Agricultural Research Management Information System (ARMIS); ‹ Facilitate ‘vertical’ integration between agricultural research, universities, and extension service providers; ‹ Establish ‘horizontal’ integration between extension service providers to support demand-led technology transfers; ‹ Mainstream the use of modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT); ‹ Establish a database of agriculture extension projects. Programme 2 on improved water management and infrastructure for irrigation purposes ‹ Ensure sustainable use of groundwater; ‹ Improve irrigation efficiency and water productivity; ‹ Enhance availability and use of surface water; ‹ Enrich and update a data bank on water resources; ‹ Use arsenic free groundwater for irrigation and domestic purposes; ‹ Develop effective flood control and river erosion measures; ‹ Reduce salinity in coastal areas.

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Programme 3 on improved quality of inputs ‹ Produce more quality seed and improve distribution; ‹ Reduce nitrogen loss through increased use of USG and reap higher yields; ‹ Promote IPM and use of quality agrochemicals; Programme 4 on fisheries and aquaculture development ‹ Enhance pond productivity; ‹ Reduce yield gap; ‹ Improve fishing habitat for hilsha and other species; ‹ Develop low cost feed and feed industry; ‹ Explore export potential of Pangas and Tilapia; ‹ Develop crab seed hatchery. Programme 5 on livestock development, with a focus on poultry and dairy production ‹ Boost productivity through crossbreeding and selection; ‹ Promote dairy processing technologies; ‹ Sustain school milk programmes for better nutrition while supporting dairy farmers; ‹ Improve quantity and quality of feed and fodder; ‹ Sustain value addition in producing hides, skin, horn and bone; ‹ Support biogas production.

NFP Objective 2: Access Access to food has improved due to a variety of reasons namely, higher rice wages; improvement in income; existence of relatively stable food prices; expansion of safety net programmes; improvement in women’s wages; provision of more credit particularly to women and sharecroppers. This is supported by growth of small scale manufacturing, narrower margins between farm gate and retail prices and increased enrolment of women in technical and vocational education and training. Development of growth centres, rural markets and women market centres need further expansion. Deceleration of small scale manufacturing growth is affecting the creation of employment opportunities. The National Social Protection Strategy proposes to streamline safety net programmes and to consolidate most of the food-based programmes into cash-based transfers. To ensure access to food of the poor and vulnerable groups, some of the food based safety net programmes need to be retained so that at the time of disasters, adequate food can be distributed. Programme 6 on improved access to markets, value addition in agriculture and to non- farm incomes ‹ Improve physical access to markets; ‹ Reduce wastage and quality loss of food products; ‹ Further reduce wage difference between men and women; ‹ Strengthen support to agro-processing; ‹ Promote employment generation through micro-enterprise development; ‹ Enhance skill development, particularly for women and disabled; ‹ Improve information system through use of IT services. Programme 7 on strengthened capacities for implementation and monitoring of the NFP and CIP actions ‹ Formulate the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (NFNSP), Plan of Action and the new Country Investment Plan; ‹ Mainstream capacity development components in the NFNSP, PoA, and the new CIP;

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‹ Expedite the provision of additional FPMU staff; ‹ Strengthen implementation capacity and accelerate operations. Programme 8 on enhanced public food management ‹ Strengthen capacities to manage PFDS through training and technological adoption; ‹ Boost public procurement system’s effectiveness through applied research; ‹ Plan PFDS operations consistently with NSPS and emergency response needs. Programme 9 on institutional development and capacity development for more effective safety nets ‹ Prioritize and target the implement of National Social Protection Strategy; ‹ Integrate and expand market-driven initiatives and community participation in SSN programmes; ‹ Establish a single registry management information system; ‹ Adapt cash and food transfers coherently with the food stock management strategy; ‹ Explore the preparation of a roadmap for fortified rice.

NFP Objective 3: Utilization and nutrition Several programmes to diversify diets for reducing the persistent dietary imbalances and promoting nutrition sensitive non-cereal production namely fisheries, poultry, fruits and vegetables have been considered nationwide. Follow-up of ICN2 Declaration for nutritional improvement of the population is of critical essence now. Supplementation of vitamin A and iron folate; salt iodisation; coverage of exclusive breast-feeding in the first six months; appropriate IYCF practices; implementation of the national micronutrient strategy; and increased behaviour change communication are progressing. Promulgation of Bangladesh Food Safety Act, formation and functioning of the Food Safety Authority are important steps towards provision of safe, nutritious and quality foods to the people. Special attention to the universal access to improved water and sanitation facilities; widespread poor hygiene practices; and high prevalence of food contamination needs to be given for better food utilization and nutrition. Programme 10 on community based nutrition programmes and services ‹ Scale-up nutrition sensitive strategies in fisheries, livestock and women sectors; ‹ Improve facility and community based support to caregivers; ‹ Strengthen food fortification initiatives; ‹ Increase commitment in line with global nutrition initiatives; ‹ Follow-up ICN2 Declaration and Framework for Action. Programme 11 on orienting food and nutrition programmes through data ‹ Improve harmonization between food security and nutrition information systems; ‹ Train users of FCT and dietary guidelines; ‹ Improve management capacity and coordination for nutrition. Programme 12 on food safety and quality improvement ‹ Enhance awareness on food safety practices; ‹ Enhance coordination on food safety management; ‹ Formulate food safety regulations; ‹ Recruit and strengthen capacity of the food safety inspectors; ‹ Develop more food standards and ensure compliance; ‹ Designate food safety laboratories for specific analysis of foods;

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‹ Reduce diarrhoeal prevalence and improve safe water supply; ‹ Strengthen healthy street food vending; ‹ Improve capacity building in value chains.

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Annexes

Annex 1. Comparison of the CIP and PoA output monitoring indicators Annex 2. Composition of Thematic Teams Annex 3. Actual and planned expenditures by key partner in the NFP Annex 4. Cost and financing of the CIP Annex 4.1 CIP budget for the current year vs. previous year and baseline Annex 4.2 Number and average budget of projects in CIP 2015 by sub-programmes Annex 4.3 CIP budget 2015 and delivery in 2013/14 by sub-programmes Annex 4.4 Ongoing and completed CIP projects as of June 2014 Annex 4.5 Pipeline projects as of June 2014 Annex 4.6 Development partners contribution and commitments in the CIP Annex 4.6a Development partners contribution through ADP Annex 4.6b Development partners contribution through non-ADP Annex 4.6c Development partners commitments in the future

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Annex 1. Comparison of the CIP and PoA output monitoring indicators This annex shows the correspondence between CIP programmes and NFP PoA Areas of Interventions and the indicators used to monitor performance at output level. A few indicators have been refined, e.g. the coefficient of variation of rice production over the last 10 years has been taken rather than the variability of foodgrain production, or adjusted slightly for data availability reasons. AVAILABILITY ACCESS NUTRITION

CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention No. of improved new rice varieties developed by GoB agencies

1.1. Agricultural research and No. of new non-rice varieties extension: Demand-driven crop and developed non-crop new technologies Wheat developed and disseminated; Maize demand led and pro-poor extension Potato service expanded Pulses

Vegetables

Edible Oilseeds

Fruits

No. of farmers trained on sustainable PROGRAMME 1 1.9. Early Warning Development: agriculture practices by DAE Sustainable and diversified Well functioning domestic Early Share of rice on total cropped land, % agriculture through Warning System established and integrated research and integrated/coordinated with Global HYV rice area as % total rice area extension: Productivity is Early Warning System (including boro hybrid) enhanced, food production is Annual change in major crops' diversified and resilience to production, % climate change is increased through effective generation Rice and propagation of Wheat sustainable technical Maize solutions Potato

Pulses Brinjal 2.1. Agricultural Disaster Pumpkin Management: Enhanced disaster Beans preparedness and post disaster rehabilitation in agricultural Lal Shak systems Edible Oilseeds

Banana Guava Mango Pineapple Jackfruit

CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention

PROGRAMME 2 1.2 Use and management of water % of cropped area under irrigation

Improved Water resources: Increased irrigation Water table depth in Northern region, Management and coverage; Improved delivery and average yearly change over last 20

Infrastructure for Irrigation efficient use of safe irrigation years (cm/year)

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Purposes: Sustainable and water; reduced dependency on Water table depth in Northern region, efficient water management groundwater; reduced cost average yearly change over last 3 is ensured for responding to years (cm/year) farmer needs Surface water irrigation area as % of total irrigation area Irrigation cost per acre as % of total boro production cost

CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention Annual change in improved rice, wheat and maize seeds production, %

Improved seeds supply (BADC, DAE 1.3. Supply and sustainable use of and private companies) as % agricultural inputs: Increased supply agronomic requirements of quality crop seeds; increased Rice supply of quality seeds and feeds Wheat for fish and poultry farming; Timely Maize supply and balance use of fertilizer ensured; agricultural machines and Potato

implements available at affordable Pulses prices; Strengthened IPM and ICM; Vegetables increased efficiency and sustainability of agricultural land Edible Oilseeds use; Agricultural land use for non- (includes til, rape, mustard, groundnut agricultural purposes effectively and soya bean) regulated Supply of urea as % of estimated requirements Supply of TSP as % of estimated requirements Supply of MoP as % of estimated PROGRAMME 3 requirements Improved quality of input Change in crop yields (moving average and soil fertility: Access to over 3 previous years), % quality inputs is improved Rice and soil fertility is enhanced. Wheat

Maize

Potato

Pulses 1.5. Agricultural credit and Brinjal insurance: Increased formal credit Pumpkin to agriculture, to small and Beans marginal farmers; assured coverage Lal Shak of financial loss due to failure of crops, livestock and fish production Edible Oilseeds (includes til, rape, mustard, groundnut

and soyabean) Banana

Guava

Mango Pineapple Jackfruit

billion taka Agricultural credit disbursement % of target

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CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention

GDP from fishery sector as % of agriculture GDP (excluding forest), at

PROGRAMME 4 constant price 1995-1996 Fisheries & aquaculture Annual change in national fish development: Sustainable 1.4. Agricultural diversification: production, % increase of fishery Increased production of high value Number of new fish varieties production through crops; Increased production of fish developed improved technology and and livestock Fish as % of total exports natural resources exports % share of shrimp management Annual change of fingerling production (finfish), %

CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention GDP from livestock sector as % of PROGRAMME 5 agricultural GDP (excluding forest, at

Livestock Development, with constant price 1995-96) a focus on poultry and dairy Total production (quantity) of production: Sustainable 1.4. Agricultural diversification: Eggs (million) increase of livestock Increased production of high value Milk (million MT) production is developed crops; Increased production of fish Meat (million MT) through improved and livestock technology, better animal Annual change in artificial health and resilient insemination, % management practices. Annual change in number of poultry deaths due to avian flu, %

CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention 1.6. Physical Market infrastructure Difference between farm gate and development: Improving private retail prices of selected goods as % of

storage, market and transportation farmgate facilities, improving market connectivity at local, national and

international levels Coarse rice 1.7. Agricultural Marketing and Trade: Reduced marketing costs of Lentil agricultural products; strengthened market integration PROGRAMME 6 Onion Improved access to markets, value-addition in agriculture, 1.8. Policy/Regulatory Environment: Updated legislation regulating food Brinjal and to non-farm incomes: Value chains are developed markets enacted and enforced contributing to better access Potato to food and increased rural Difference between dealers’ and incomes. 2.3 Enabling Environment of Private farmers’ prices of fertilizers as %

Food trade and stocks: Enabling dealers price Environment of Private Food trade Urea and stocks

2.5. Income generation for rural TSP women and disabled people: Enhancing participation of women MoP and disabled people in rural agricultural and other rural activities

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No. of growth centres, rural markets, women market centres, and Union Parishad Complexes developed by LGED Wage differential between male and female in agriculture, % 2.6. Agrobased/ Agroprocessing Real GDP growth of small scale MSMEs Development: Increased manufacturing, % growth of agro-based /agro- Number of students enrolled in processing and MSMEs Technical and Vocational Education

and Training (TVET) institutions 2.7. Market driven education, skills Ratio of TVET students in year t to and human development: People's secondary and higher secondary skills developed based on domestic school enrolment in year t-1, % and international market requirements

CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention

PROGRAMME 7 Additional resources mobilized for

Strengthened capacities for CIP, USD implementation and Increase in number and value of monitoring of NFP and CIP ongoing projects actions: National capacities to design, implement and CIP available budget execution monitor NFP PoA and performance investment operations are CIP Monitoring Reports produced strengthened

CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention

Effective grain storage capacity at 1.10. Producer price support: close of fiscal year, thousand MT Enhanced effectiveness of public Average use of effective Government procurement system; producer foodgrain storage capacity, % PROGRAMME 8 effectively supported during post- Actual procurement, thousand MT Enhanced Public Food harvest Achievement of public boro Management Systems: procurement target, % Enhanced efficiency and Wholesale price during the boro effectiveness of Public Food procurement period as % of Management Systems 1.11. Public Stock Management/ Price stabilization: Improved public boro per unit cost production stock management and enhanced Opening stock as % of budget target

effectiveness of OMS Quantity of rice distributed through OMS as % of total domestic supply

CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention 2.2. Emergency Food Distribution Budgeted coverage of VGF and VGD, PROGRAMME 9 from Public stocks: Improved million cards Institutional Development coverage and effectiveness of VGF (lakh person) and Capacity Development emergency distribution VGD (lakh person month) for more effective safety programmes nets: Effectiveness and 2.4. Effectiveness of targeted food Safety net programmes expenditure targeting of social safety net based programmes and safety nets: as % of GDP programmes are improved Improved coverage of vulnerable Budgeted coverage of employment through strengthened and disadvantaged people and generation programme for the poor, institutional capacities to areas, improved targeting, reduced million person month design and implement them. leakage, enhanced adequacy to Quantity of VGF and GR distributed, vulnerable people's needs MT

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CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention 3.2 Balanced and nutritious food for Proportion of infants under six vulnerable people: Increased months exclusively breastfed, % availability through local production of low cost foods for balanced nutrition; Poor, distressed and vulnerable women and children Poor households raising home (including those from monga areas) gardening and backyard poultry, % effectively covered by food based nutrition programmes and growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) programmes. 3.3 Nutrition education on dietary % of total dietary energy supply for diversification: Increased % of consumption from: women educated in nutrition and

primary health care activities

through formal and non-formal Cereal education; Increased home

gardening and backyard poultry

raising activities by poor Sugar and sweeteners households 3.4 Food supplementation and

fortification: Increased coverage of PROGRAMME 10 Oil and oil crops Vitamin A, coverage and Community based nutrition compliance of iron-folate programmes and services: supplementation and coverage of Nutrition and health are Roots and tubers HH with adequately iodized salt; improved at community level Increased coverage of food items through integrated short and for fortification with important long term interventions. Pulses micronutrients, e.g. vitamin A, iron and zinc 3.7 Women and children health: Fruits and vegetables

Improved child and mother health; Improved adolescents’ and women’s general health; Reduced Meat, fish, eggs and milk neonatal (NMR); Infant (IMR), child Others (includes stimulants, spices, (CMR) and maternal (MMR) alcoholic beverages, offal, animal fats, mortality rates; Reduced total aquatic products and miscellaneous) fertility rate (TFR) 3.8 Protection and promotion of

breastfeeding and complementary Prevalence of global acute feeding: Strengthened exclusive malnutrition among children < 5 years

breastfeeding practices; Expanded < -2SD, % practice of breastfeeding; Ensured Prevalence of severe acute safe and nutritious complementary malnutrition among children < 5 years

feeding; Strengthened baby-friendly < -3SD, % hospital initiative; Increased maternity leave, particularly post- partum; BMS Code respected by Proportion of women ANC coverage the breast milk substitutes of at least 4 visits, % marketers

CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators expected aggregate output Intervention

PROGRAMME 11 3.1. Long term planning for Number of mass media activities for Orient food and nutrition balanced food: Long-term targets Behavioural change communication programme through data: for physical growth established; Desirable Dietary Pattern established Effective information Standard food intake established and updated supports planning, for different population groups; Food Composition Tables updated monitoring and evaluation of integrated plan for attaining Food security and nutrition food security policies and standard food intake targets databases/ surveillance systems

144 interventions. established

CIP Programme title and Corresponding NFP PoA Area of expected aggregate output Intervention

3.5. Safe drinking water and No. of compulsory food items PROGRAMME 12 improved sanitation: Safe water standardized by BSTI

Food Safety and Quality and sanitation facilities available Prevalence of diarrhoea in under 5 Improvement: National food and accessible for all by 2015 children (in two week period), % safety control management, Proportion of population served with 3.6 Safe, quality food supply: and food borne illness safe water supply for domestic use, % Enhanced access to safe and quality surveillance services are Proportion of population having food, for domestic consumption strengthened access to safe drinking water in and also for international trade arsenic affected areas, %

145

Annex 2. Composition of Thematic Teams TT Agency

1 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 2 Ministry of Agriculture 3 Bangladesh Chemical Industry Corporation, Ministry of Industry , Project Design Division 4 Ministry of Food 5 Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock 6 Ministry of Water Resources availability 7-9 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 10 Ministry of Food Thematic TeamThematic A: food 11-12 National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme-FAO 13 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 14 Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief 15 Ministry of Social Welfare 16 Local Government Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives 17 Rural Development and Cooperative Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and

food accessfood Cooperatives 18 -19 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Foo d Thematic TeamThematic B: 20-21 National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme-FAO 22 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 23 Ministry of Primary and Mass Education 24 Ministry of Women and Children Affairs 25 LG Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives 26 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 27 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

food utilizationfood 28 -29 National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme –FAO Thematic Team C: 30 -31 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 32 Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture 33 Ministry of Food 34 Agriculture Wing, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) 35 Department of Agricultural Marketing, Ministry of Agriculture 36 Directorate General of Food 37 Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division, Ministry of Planning 38 Finance Division, Ministry of Finance data exchangedata

Thematic Thematic Team D: 39 -40 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 41-42 National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme-FAO

146

Annex 3. Actual and planned expenditures (in billion taka) of key partner ministries and divisions

FY10-11 FY11-12 FY12-13 FY13-14 FY14-15

Partner ministries Revised budget Revised FY10-11/ Change FY09-10(revised) revised/ Change initial % total of exp budget Revised FY11-12/ Change FY10-11(revised) revised/ Change initial % total of exp budget Revised FY12-13/ Change FY11-12(revised) revised/ Change initial % total of exp budget Planned FY13-14/ Change FY12-13(planned) % total of exp budget Planned FY13-14/ Change FY12-13(planned) % total of exp MoA 84.4 26% 25% 7% 92.6 10% 25% 6% 148.8 61% 67% 9% 122.8 -17% 6% 123.9 1% 5% MoFL 7.9 25% -8% 1% 9.3 18% -5% 1% 8.9 -4% -6% 1% 10.7 19% 1% 13.4 2 6% 1% MoWR 21.3 16% 4% 2% 22.6 6% 1% 2% 25.0 11% -14% 2% 27.7 11% 1% 36.2 31% 2% Subtotal agriculture 113.6 16% 18% 9% 124.5 10% 17% 9% 182.7 47% 43% 11% 161.2 -12% 8% 173.5 8% 7% LGD 93.4 22% -3% 8% 103.9 11% -5% 7% 132.2 27% 6% 8% 133.2 1% 7% 15 4.6 16% 7% RDCD 6 59% -12% 0% 10.5 75% 31% 1% 12.0 15% 8% 1% 14.3 19% 1% 15.2 6 % 1% MCHTA 5.5 28% -3% 0% 6.7 22% 1% 0% 5.6 -16% -13% 0% 6.3 13% 0% 7.4 1 6% 0% Subtotal rural development 104.9 24% -4% 9% 121.1 15% -2% 8% 149.8 24% 6% 9% 153.9 3% 8% 177.2 15% 7%

147 MoSW 17.7 40% -8% 1% 19.5 10% -5% 1% 20.4 5% -1% 1% 21.6 6% 1% 29.0 34% 1% MoWCA 11.9 -1% -4% 1% 12.4 4% 0% 1% 13.3 8% 2% 1% 14.3 7% 1% 15.8 11 % 1%

MoFood/a 69.3 66% 15% 6% 11.0 NA NA 1% 13.2 20% 22% 1% 12.3 -7% 1% 16.9 38% 1% MoDM/b NA NA NA NA 54.5 NA NA 4% 58.6 7% 1% 4% 63.6 9% 3% 72.9 15% 3% Subtotal social security and 98.9 49% 8% 8% 97.4 -2% -6% 7% 105.5 8% 3% 6% 111.7 6% 6% 134.5 20% 6% welfare MoHFW 76.2 21% -6% 6% 81.5 7% -8% 6% 91.3 12% -2% 6% 99.6 9% 5% 111.5 12% 5% Subtotal health and nutrition 76.2 21% -6% 6% 81.5 7% -8% 6% 91.3 12% -2% 6% 99.6 9% 5% 111.5 12% 5%

Total food security 393.6 26% 4% 32% 424.5 8% 1% 29% 529.3 25 % 14% 32.0% 526.3 -1% 26.7% 596.7 13% 25.2%

Total GoB expenditure (development + non 1,213 21% 1,445 19% 1,653 14% 1,970 19% 2,371 20% development) \a: until FY 2012-13, MoFood includes\b: MoDM also establishedthe budget inof FYthe 2012-13 MoDM Source: Budget in Brief, MoF (http://www.mof.gov.bd/en/) Planned Expenditures include development expenditures (expenditures under the Annual Development Program (ADP) but also non-ADP expenditure on Food for Work (kind or cash) and the transfer from food sale proceeds for Development activities, as well as employment generation programs/development programs financed out of non-development /revenue budget; non development expenditures include revenue expenditure pay and allowances, goods and services, interest payments, subsidies and transfers, block allocations), non-development capital expenditure (e.g. acquisition of assets, equity investments), see Budget in Brief, MoF, various years (http://www.mof.gov.bd/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=115&Itemid=1); Total expenditure excludes loans and advances (D), domestic and foreign debt, food account operations (C) and structural adjustment expenditures (E).

Annex 4. Cost and financing of the CIP Annex 4.1: CIP 2015 budget vs. previous year and baseline CIP 2011 (2009/10) CIP 2014 (2012/13) CIP 2015 (2013/14) Financed (ongoing and Financed (ongoing and Total Financed (ongoing) Pipeline projects Total Pipeline projects Total Pipeline projects completed) completed) CIP CIP CIP CIP programme GoB DPs Total Total Priority GoB DPs Total Total Priority GoB DPs Total Total Priority A=D+E B C D E F A=D+E B C D E F A=D+E B C D E F Sustainable and diversified 1 687 65 76 141 546 401 804 393 270 663 141 116 797 403 266 669 128 107 agriculture 2 Improved water management 1,624 533 233 766 857 611 2,476 1,453 285 1,738 738 515 2,679 1,481 410 1,891 789 513 Improved quality of input and soil 3 610 332 19 351 259 197 3,232 405 651 1,056 2,175 1,528 3,177 418 669 1,087 2,090 1,463 fertility Availability Fisheries and aquaculture 4 460 100 29 129 331 212 478 196 50 245 233 160 442 256 48 305 137 96 Development 5 Livestock development 754 21 40 61 693 422 285 75 46 121 164 84 235 86 49 135 101 56 Availability 4,136 1,053 395 1,448 2,688 1,843 7,274 2,521 1,303 3,824 3,450 2,403 7,331 2,644 1,442 4,086 3,245 2,236 6 Improved access to markets 1,811 795 350 1,145 666 372 2,398 1,635 618 2,253 145 85 2,680 1,858 685 2,542 137 74 148 Implementation and monitoring of 7 78 0 10 10 68 47 20 0 17 17 3 2 21 0 17 17 4 3 NFP and CIP actions

Access Enhanced Public Food 8 368 63 - 63 305 220 354 218 30 248 106 74 393 254 30 284 109 79 Management Systems 9 Effective safety nets 984 279 312 591 394 287 1,527 528 637 1,166 361 305 1,792 784 665 1,449 342 295 Access 3,241 1,137 672 1,809 1,432 927 4,300 2,381 1,303 3,684 616 467 4,885 2,896 1,397 4,293 593 450 10 Community based nutrition 543 11 71 81 461 411 357 61 253 314 42 33 354 74 259 333 20 18 Orient food and nutrition program 11 22 1 0 1 21 13 23 7 16 23 - - 43 6 36 42 0 0 through data Food Safety and Quality 12 Utilization 190 1 12 13 178 91 43 11 16 27 17 9 52 11 24 35 18 10 Improvement Utilization 755 12 82 95 660 515 422 79 284 363 59 42 449 91 319 410 39 28 Total 8,132 2,202 1,150 3,352 4,780 3,285 11,996 4,981 2,890 7,871 4,125 2,912 12,665 5,632 3,157 8,789 3,876 2,714

Annex 4.2: Number and average budget of projects in CIP 2015 by sub-programme Average budget Number of projects (million USD, as of June (as of June 2014) 2014) CIP programme Subprogram Compl Ongoi Pipelin Compl Ongoi Pipelin eted ng e eted ng e Priority ranking

Enhance research & knowledge generation and 1.1 adoption to increase agricultural productivity H 14 26 12 1.9 5.8 2.6 and diversity in a sustainable manner

Improve extension services to propagate knowledge & practices, supported by 1 1.2 H 17 22 4 3.6 7.4 2.4 community-based experimentation & learning and indigenous knowledge

Promote the development of responses to 1.3 T - 14 6 - 19.2 14.6 adapt agricultural systems to climate change Sustainable and Sustainable and diversified agriculture 31 62 22 2.9 9.4 5.8

Improve water management in water 2.1 M 7 11 5 8.6 24.2 38.8 distribution systems and at farm level

Improve & increase efficiency of surface water 2.2 H 14 18 14 9.3 28.7 42.5 irrigation, in particular in the south 2 Reduce impact of saline water intrusion in the 2.3 H - 2 - - 94.5 - South

2.4 Enhance river water flow to the South T 1 9 1 0.2 80.9 -

Improved waterImproved management 22 40 20 8.7 42.5 39.4

Enhance availability of agricultural inputs, 3.1 tested and certified for quality of diversified H 14 6 9 10.7 143.6 232.2 Availability crops Develop public private partnerships through 3.2 T 2 3 - 2.7 16.0 - capacity development 3 Improve and increase sustainability of soil 3.3 H 3 4 - 1.1 4.8 - fertility fertility management

Facilitate access to credit and other financial 3.4 T ------services by smallholders and the rural poor

Improved qualityImproved and input soil of 19 13 9 8.3 71.4 232.2

Develop small scale aquaculture, through 4.1 H 2 7 6 3.1 5.1 7.7 access to quality inputs, advice and skills

4.2 Improve management of fisheries resources H 3 22 6 6.3 10.6 15.0

Develop public private partnerships in support 4 4.3 M ------of infrastructure and services development

Promote production in the South through sustainable shrimp and prawn development 4.4 L - 2 1 - 5.5 0.7 and community based co management of wetlands Fisheries aquaculture and Development 5 31 13 5.0 9.0 10.5

149

Average budget Number of projects (million USD, as of June (as of June 2014) 2014) CIP programme Subprogram Compl Ongoi Pipelin Compl Ongoi Pipelin eted ng e eted ng e Priority rankingPriority

Strengthen animal health services, including 5.1 better diagnosis and surveillance systems to M 2 4 2 8.2 4.6 1.7 mitigate disease outbreaks

Strengthen husbandry capacity at household 5.2 level through community based improved H 2 4 1 4.4 2.5 6.7 5 knowledge and advisory services Improve availability and quality of inputs 5.3 H - 2 8 - 3.1 5.7 through public private partnerships

Livestock development Research on livestock development, including 5.4 L 4 8 7 5.8 6.5 6.5 genetic improvement 8 18 18 6.0 4.8 5.6

Availability 85 164 82 6.0 21.8 39.6

Improve physical access to markets, facilities 6.1 M 15 34 7 25.8 58.7 5.4 and information Mobilize and promote producer & marketing 6.2 groups for improved market access and T 1 4 2 0.6 4.3 4.3 knowledge 6 Develop adequate storage, processing and 6.3 value addition and reduce waste through H - 4 4 - 6.0 2.3 public-private partnerships

Promote and assist the development of off 6.4 M 1 6 8 58.9 9.8 10.2 Improved accessImproved to markets farm activities and rural businesses 17 48 21 26.3 43.7 6.5

Strengthen capacities to implement, monitor 7.1 and coordinate National Food Policy-Plan of H 2 1 - 0.2 13.8 - Action and CIP Strengthen national capacities for design, 7.2 implementation and monitoring of CIP H - 1 1 - 2.0 3.1 7 operations Access Strengthen capacities of civil society

NFP and CIP actionsand NFP 7.3 organisations to contribute to CIP H - 1 1 - 0.7 0.7 development and implementation 2 3 2 0.2 5.5 1.9 Implementation monitoring and of Enhance efficiency and effectiveness of Public 8.1 Food Management Systems and improve its T ------impact on price stabilization

Build capacities of Ministry of Food and 8 8.2 Disaster Management and Directorate of Food T - - 1 - - 10.1

Systems Systems to better manage the food systems

Increase and modernize public storage and 8.3 handling facilities, including in disaster prone H 5 4 3 22.8 42.4 33.1 areas

Enhanced Enhanced FoodPublic Management 5 4 4 22.8 42.4 27.3

150

Average budget Number of projects (million USD, as of June (as of June 2014) 2014) CIP programme Subprogram Compl Ongoi Pipelin Compl Ongoi Pipelin eted ng e eted ng e Priority rankingPriority

Strengthen institutional capacities to effectively operate social safety net 9.1 T - 1 3 - 6.8 91.9 programmes and formulate a new integrated strategy for social safety net programmes 9 Investment in employment and income 9.2 generation of social safety nets (including in H 12 22 8 12.5 58.7 8.3 ADP) Effective netssafety 12 23 11 12.5 56.5 31.1

Access 36 78 38 19.8 45.9 15.6

Community based livelihood and nutrition 10.1 programmes, building on the National T 3 21 7 27.0 11.0 2.9 Nutrition Service (NNS) Support community based efforts of homestead gardening, rearing small livestock, 10.2 H 1 2 - 0.1 3.8 - 10 aquaculture and awareness building for improved nutrition Link long term with immediate treatment of 10.3 acute malnutrition, in particular through T - 2 - - 6.7 -

Community nutritionbased therapeutic and supplementary feeding 4 25 7 20.3 10.1 2.9

Undertake updated & comprehensive national 11.1 survey of food consumption & food M - 2 1 - 11.0 0.3 composition

Undertake study of dietary diversification & supplementation needs and advocacy, 11.2 H Utilization 2 1 - 0.0 4.6 - 11 awareness & educational materials to facilitate behavioural change in eating habits & practices through datathrough Strengthen national capacities in surveying and 11.3 M 4 4 1 0.5 3.4 - analysis to facilitate evidence based decisions

Orient nutrition and program food 6 7 2 0.3 5.7 0.2

Improve surveillance system of food borne 12.1 M 1 1 1 3.0 3.6 12.2 illnesses Develop and enhance capacities of laboratories 12.2 and systems for food quality assurance and M 1 2 1 2.0 4.8 1.4 12 safety and control of food

Improvement Support the development of a modern food 12.3 H 3 2 1 3.1 3.5 4.3 control management system Food SafetyFood Quality and 5 5 3 2.9 4.1 6.0

Utilization 15 37 12 6.5 8.4 3.2

Total 136 279 132 9.7 26.8 29.4

151

Annex 4.3: CIP budget 2015 and delivery in fiscal year 2013/14 by sub-programme Total CIP Ongoing and Completed projects Pipeline projects Delivery in 2013/14 CIP programme Subprogramme Amount % GoBs DPs Total % Pipeline % Priority GoB DPs Total Priority Enhance research & knowledge

Sustainableanddiversified agriculture generation and adoption to increase 1.1 H 208.0 1.6 133.3 44.1 177.4 2.0 30.6 0.8 21.5 29.7 10.1 39.9 agricultural productivity and diversity in a sustainable manner Improve extension services to propagate knowledge & practices, 1 1.2 supported by community-based H 233.5 1.8 170.3 53.5 223.8 2.5 9.7 0.3 6.8 35.2 7.2 42.5 experimentation & learning and indigenous knowledge Promote the development of 1.3 responses to adapt agricultural T 355.8 2.8 99.4 168.8 268.2 3.1 87.6 2.3 78.8 16.7 16.4 33.0 systems to climate change 797.4 6.3 403.1 266.4 669.4 7.6 128.0 3.3 107.1 81.7 33.7 115.3

Availability Improve water management in water Improved watermanagement 2.1 M 520.6 4.1 204.6 122.2 326.8 3.7 193.8 5.0 96.9 26.0 22.9 49.0 distribution systems and at farm level Improve & increase efficiency of 2.2 surface water irrigation, in particular in H 1241.3 9.8 504.7 141.5 646.2 7.4 595.1 15.4 416.6 48.1 35.4 83.5 the south 2 Reduce impact of saline water 2.3 H 189.1 1.5 54.3 134.7 189.1 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 0.7 12.8 intrusion in the South 2.4 Enhance river water flow to the South T 728.5 5.8 717.3 11.2 728.5 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.4 3.2 79.6 2679.5 21.2 1481.0 409.6 1890.5 21.5 788.9 20.4 513.5 162.7 62.3 224.9 Improvedqualityof input Enhance availability of agricultural

and soil fertility 3.1 inputs, tested and certified for quality H 3100.8 24.5 355.4 655.5 1010.9 11.5 2089.9 53.9 1462.9 46.5 274.9 321.5 of diversified crops 3 Develop public private partnerships 3.2 T 53.4 0.4 53.1 0.3 53.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 0.3 8.0 through capacity development Improve and increase sustainability of 3.3 H 22.6 0.2 9.7 12.9 22.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.6 soil fertility management

Total CIP Ongoing and Completed projects Pipeline projects Delivery in 2013/14 CIP programme Subprogramme Amount % GoBs DPs Total % Pipeline % Priority GoB DPs Total Priority Facilitate access to credit and other 3.4 financial services by smallholders and T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 the rural poor 3176.7 25.1 418.1 668.8 1086.8 12.4 2089.9 53.9 1462.9 57.9 275.3 333.1 Develop small scale aquaculture, Fisheries and aquaculture Development 4.1 through access to quality inputs, advice H 88.1 0.7 37.1 4.8 41.9 0.5 46.2 1.2 32.3 5.7 1.6 7.3 and skills Improve management of fisheries 4.2 H 342.2 2.7 208.4 43.6 252.0 2.9 90.2 2.3 63.2 34.6 9.7 44.3 resources Develop public private partnerships in 4 4.3 support of infrastructure and services M 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 development Promote production in the South

153 through sustainable shrimp and prawn 4.4 L 11.6 0.1 10.9 0.0 10.9 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 2.0 0.0 2.0 development and community based co

management of wetlands 441.9 3.5 256.4 48.4 304.8 3.5 137.1 3.5 95.8 42.3 11.3 53.6 Strengthen animal health services, including better diagnosis and 5.1 M 38.0 0.3 17.4 17.2 34.6 0.4 3.5 0.1 1.7 3.6 1.8 5.4 surveillance systems to mitigate disease outbreaks Livestock development Strengthen husbandry capacity at household level through community 5.2 H 25.4 0.2 6.4 12.3 18.7 0.2 6.7 0.2 4.7 1.3 6.4 7.7 based improved knowledge and 5 advisory services Improve availability and quality of 5.3 inputs through public private H 51.5 0.4 6.1 0.0 6.1 0.1 45.4 1.2 31.8 1.6 0.0 1.6 partnerships Research on livestock development, 5.4 L 120.4 1.0 55.8 19.3 75.1 0.9 45.3 1.2 18.1 7.6 0.3 7.9 including genetic improvement 235.4 1.9 85.7 48.8 134.5 1.5 100.8 2.6 56.3 14.1 8.5 22.7

Total CIP Ongoing and Completed projects Pipeline projects Delivery in 2013/14 CIP programme Subprogramme Amount % GoBs DPs Total % Pipeline % Priority GoB DPs Total Priority

Availability 7331 58 2644 1442 4086 46 3245 84 2236 359 391 750 Improve physical access to markets, 6.1 M 2421.0 19.1 1775.4 607.9 2383.3 27.1 37.7 1.0 18.8 300.0 82.9 382.8 facilities and information Improved tomarkets access Mobilize and promote producer & 6.2 marketing groups for improved market T 26.4 0.2 10.4 7.4 17.8 0.2 8.6 0.2 7.7 2.7 1.4 4.2 access and knowledge 6 Develop adequate storage, processing 6.3 and value addition and reduce waste H 33.1 0.3 14.8 9.1 23.9 0.3 9.2 0.2 6.5 1.2 0.1 1.2 through public-private partnerships Promote and assist the development of 6.4 M 199.1 1.6 57.3 60.1 117.5 1.3 81.7 2.1 40.8 9.3 0.1 9.4 off farm activities and rural businesses 2679.6 21.2 1857.9 684.6 2542.4 28.9 137.2 3.5 73.9 313.2 84.4 397.6 Implementationmonitoring and of NFP

154 Strengthen capacities to implement, 7.1 monitor and coordinate National Food H 14.2 0.1 0.2 14.1 14.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.5

Access Policy-Plan of Action and CIP and CIP andactions CIP Strengthen national capacities for 7.2 design, implementation and H 5.1 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 3.1 0.1 2.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 7 monitoring of CIP operations Strengthen capacities of civil society 7.3 organisations to contribute to CIP H 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 development and implementation 20.6 0.2 0.2 16.7 16.8 0.2 3.8 0.1 2.7 0.0 2.7 2.7 Enhance efficiency and effectiveness of Management Systems Enhanced Public Food Public Food Management Systems and 8.1 T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 improve its impact on price stabilization 8 Build capacities of Ministry of Food and Disaster Management and Directorate 8.2 T 10.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.1 0.3 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 of Food to better manage the food systems

Total CIP Ongoing and Completed projects Pipeline projects Delivery in 2013/14 CIP programme Subprogramme Amount % GoBs DPs Total % Pipeline % Priority GoB DPs Total Priority Increase and modernize public storage 8.3 and handling facilities, including in H 383.3 3.0 253.7 30.3 284.0 3.2 99.3 2.6 69.5 41.3 1.3 42.6 disaster prone areas 393.4 3.1 253.7 30.3 284.0 3.2 109.4 2.8 78.6 41.3 1.3 42.6 Strengthen institutional capacities to effectively operate social safety net Effective safety nets 9.1 programmes and formulate a new T 282.5 2.2 0.1 6.6 6.8 0.1 275.7 7.1 248.1 0.1 2.5 2.6 integrated strategy for social safety net 9 programmes Investment in employment and income 9.2 generation of social safety nets H 1509.3 11.9 784.2 658.5 1442.7 16.4 66.6 1.7 46.6 147.2 162.7 310.0 (including in ADP) 1791.8 14.1 784.3 665.1 1449.4 16.5 342.3 8.8 294.8 147.3 165.3 312.6

155 Access 4885 39 2896 1397 4293 49 593 15 450 502 254 755

Community based livelihood and 10.1 nutrition programmes, building on the T 332.6 2.6 61.1 251.0 312.2 3.6 20.4 0.5 18.4 11.2 48.8 60.0

Community based nutrition National Nutrition Service (NNS) Support community based efforts of homestead gardening, rearing small 10.2 H 7.7 0.1 0.4 7.3 7.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.6 3.8 1 livestock, aquaculture and awareness Utilization 0 building for improved nutrition Link long term with immediate treatment of acute malnutrition, in 10.3 T 13.4 0.1 12.5 0.9 13.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 1.8 particular through therapeutic and supplementary feeding 353.7 2.8 74.0 259.2 333.2 3.8 20.4 0.5 18.4 13.2 52.4 65.5 nutrition program through Undertake updated & comprehensive 1 and 1 11.1 national survey of food consumption & M 22.2 0.2 1.1 20.9 21.9 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 food composition

Total CIP Ongoing and Completed projects Pipeline projects Delivery in 2013/14 CIP programme Subprogramme Amount % GoBs DPs Total % Pipeline % Priority GoB DPs Total Priority Undertake study of dietary diversification & supplementation needs and advocacy, awareness & 11.2 H 4.7 0.0 1.2 3.6 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 educational materials to facilitate behavioural change in eating habits & practices Strengthen national capacities in 11.3 surveying and analysis to facilitate M 15.6 0.1 4.1 11.5 15.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 5.7 6.9 evidence based decisions 42.6 0.3 6.3 35.9 42.2 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.2 1.5 5.9 7.4 Improve surveillance system of food 12.1 M 18.8 0.1 0.4 6.1 6.5 0.1 12.2 0.3 6.1 0.0 0.9 0.9 Food Safety and Quality borne illnesses

Improvement Develop and enhance capacities of

156 laboratories and systems for food 12.2 M 13.0 0.1 7.5 4.1 11.6 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.7 1 quality assurance and safety and 2 control of food Support the development of a modern 12.3 H 20.7 0.2 3.1 13.3 16.4 0.2 4.3 0.1 3.0 0.6 1.5 2.1 food control management system 52.5 0.4 11.0 23.5 34.5 0.4 17.9 0.5 9.8 1.6 3.1 4.7

Utilization 449 4 91 319 410 5 39 1 28 16 61 78 Total 12,665 100 5,632 3,157 8,789 100 3,876 100 2,714 877 706 1,583

Annex 4.4: Ongoing and completed CIP projects as of June 2014 Statusin CIP2011 Statusin CIP2012 Statusin CIP2013 Statusin CIP2014 Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Startdate

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 1.1: Enhance research & 1.1:knowledge Enhance research generation and ad BADC

Mujibnagar Integrated Agricultural 11940 11940 0 1599 1599 0 5705 5705 0 Development Project

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Jul-07 BARC IDA National Agricultural Technology Project 16414 650 15764 4507 434 4073 13389 545 12844 productivitydiversity and in a sustainable manner

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing 1: Sustainable 1: diversifiedand agriculture Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-07 Jul-07 BARI BARI

Agricultural Sector Programme Support 110 0 110 0 0 0 110 0 110 2nd Phase (BARI Part) 157 Ongoing Jun-18 Jun-18 Jul-13 BARI

Cirtus Development Project (BARI part) 529 529 0 100 100 0 100 100 0

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-10 BARI BARI Continuation and expansion of pesticide

research in pesticide analytical 918 918 0 110 110 0 617 617 0

laboratory at BARI optionincrease agricultural to Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-10 Jul-10 BARI BARI

Farm Machinery Technology 1753 1753 0 212 212 0 1511 1511 0 Development and Dissemination Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jan-12 BARI

Improving the Research and Research 12436 12436 0 2000 2000 0 2100 2100 0 infrastructure of BARI Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 GAFSP Jul-11 BARI Integrated Agriculture Productivity 1759 226 1533 348 16 332 988 197 792 Project (IAPP)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-15 Jul-10 BARI

Integrated Quality Horticulture 4979 4979 0 1200 1200 0 4499 4499 0 Development Project (2nd phase) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-16 Jul-11 BARI

Mujibnagar Integrated Agricultural 532 532 0 104 104 0 418 418 0 Development Project Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-06 BARI BARI

Orange Development Project 131 131 0 0 0 0 128 128 0

Ongoing Ongoing Jun-17 Jul-12 BARI Pirojpur-Gopalgonj-Bagherhat Integrated 158

Agriculture Development Project (BARI 324 324 0 100 100 0 383 383 0

part) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-14 Jul-10 BARI

Tuber Crop Development Project 3055 3055 0 550 550 0 2610 2610 0 Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-11

BARI BARI Upgrading of Pulses Research Sub- Station, Madaripur to Regional Pulses 1816 1816 0 439 439 0 1774 1774 0 Research station (RPRS) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 BFRI BFRI

Integrated Agriculture Productivity 1139 62 1076 372 0 372 805 73 732 Project (IAPP)

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing May-10 Jun-15 BINA BINA

Strengthening Research Activities and 12775 12775 0 3184 3184 0 11973 11973 0 Sub-Stations Development of BINA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Aug-18 Sep-10 BJRI

Basic & Applied Research on Jute (1st 7136 7136 0 301 301 0 5038 5038 0 revised)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-10 BLRI

Strengthening research and on farm trial 1252 1252 0 146 146 0 1251 1251 0 programs of BLRI regional stations Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-11 Jul-11 BRRI BRRI Biotechnology Research Facility 609 609 0 0 0 0 594 594 0 Development at BRRI project Completed Ongoing Ongoing Dec-13 Jan-12 KOICA BRRI BRRI

Development of Research capacity of 2366 866 1500 16 16 0 2026 526 1500 BRRI 159 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-10 BRRI

Farm Machinery Technology 1412 1412 0 376 376 0 1366 1366 0 Development and Dissemination Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 GAFSP GAFSP Jul-11 BRRI Integrated Agriculture Productivity 1644 287 1357 395 55 340 1108 260 848 Project (IAPP) Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-11 BRRI BRRI

Minimizing Rice Yield Gap 260 260 0 32 32 0 260 260 0

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 BRRI

Mujibnagar Integrated Agricultural 756 756 0 208 208 0 445 445 0 Development Project Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12 BRRI BRRI

Perojpur-Goplganj-Bagerhat Integrated 415 415 0 125 125 0 153 153 0 Agriculture Development Project

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-05 BRRI BRRI

Research and Development of Hybrid 297 297 0 0 0 0 275 275 0 Rice in Bangladesh Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-07 Jul-07 BRRI BRRI Strengthening and Capacity Building of 534 534 0 0 0 0 501 501 0 Biotechnology Laboratory in BRRI Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-14 Jul-10 BSRI BSRI

Pilot project for Date palm,Palmyra Palm 862 862 0 208 208 0 741 741 0 and Golpata Development Pilot Project Completed 160 Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-11 Jul-11

BSRI BSRI Pilot project for development of

sugarbeet cultivation technologies in 345 345 0 122 122 0 320 320 0 Bangladesh Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-14 Jul-10 BSRI BSRI

Strengthening of Biotechnology of 884 884 0 100 100 0 809 809 0 Sugarcane Research Institute Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Mar-10 Jun-14 Jun-14 DAE

Construction of KRISHIBID Institution, 10264 10264 0 4469 4469 0 10100 10100 0 Bangladesh Complex (KIB)

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jun-12 Jul-07

DAE Modernization and capacity upgrading project for national agricultural training 429 429 0 0 0 0 368 368 0 institute (NATA- former SERDI) Ongoing Ongoing Jun-17 Jul-12 DAE DAE

Pirojpur Gopalganj Bagerhat integrated 228 228 0 129 129 0 144 144 0 agricultural development project (PCU)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-12 FAO DAE Strengthening Mushroom Development and strengthening mushroom breeding 133 0 133 133 0 133 133 0 133 and post harvest laboratory Project Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Jul-10 DAE

Upgradation of Aaraihajar Horticulture 2420 2420 0 1593 1593 0 2114 2114 0 Center to training institute 2nd revised

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline DOFish Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11

Establishment of fisheries diploma 9846 9846 0 2400 2400 0 3849 3849 0 institute in Gopalgonj, Kishoreganj Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Jul-07 KGF KGF IDA

161 National Agricultural Technology Project 5200 144 5056 1121 11 1111 3988 90 3898 (KGF)

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Jul-07 MOA National Agricultural Technology Project IDA 4467 351 4116 666 0 665 2902 139 2763 (PCU)

Ongoing Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12

SRDI Integrated Agricultural Development

project in Pirojpur, Gopalgonj, Bagerhat 819 819 0 328 328 0 328 328 0

(IADP-PGB) SRDI part Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Dec-14 Jan-11 SRDI

Minimizing Rice Yield Gap 93 93 0 8 8 0 88 88 0 supportedby knowledge& community- Completed Completed Completed Completed practices, practices, Ongoing DANIDA Jun-11 Jun-11 based Jul-07 AIS Agriculture Sector Programme Support 98 4 94 0 0 0 0 0 0

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-08 AIS

Intensification of agriculture information 1180 1180 0 303 303 0 825 825 0 service in 10 agriculture regions

Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Promotion of Digital Krishi and Jan-12 AIS Livelihood Improvement through 1880 1880 0 353 353 0 849 849 0 Agriculture & communication Center Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-11 BADC Chittagong Hill Tracts Integrated Agricultural Development Project (Phase 1452 1452 0 659 659 0 1378 1378 0 III) Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09 BADC Greater Bogra-Rangpur-Dinajpur 162 Integrated Agricultural Development 1952 1952 0 349 349 0 1947 1947 0

Project ( Phase II) Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09 BADC Greater Khulna-Jessore-Kushtia Integrated Agricultural Development 2188 2188 0 224 224 0 2172 2172 0 Project ( Phase II) Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09 BADC

Greater Mymensingh-Tangail Agricultural 2039 2039 0 210 210 0 1981 1981 0 Development Project-2nd Phase Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-12 BADC

Improving surface water irrigation in FAO coastal areas and Sylhet Division in 469 106 362 466 104 362 466 104 362

Bangladesh Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Dec-15 Dec-15 Jul-10 Jul-10 BADC

Integrated Quality Horticulture 4024 4024 0 441 441 0 2687 2687 0 Development Project (2nd phase)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12 BADC

Pirojpur-Gopalgonj-Bagerhat Integrated 8376 8376 0 1029 1029 0 1029 1029 0 Agricultural Development Project

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-10 BADC

Tuber Crop Development Project 23292 23292 0 1848 1848 0 12095 12095 0 Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DANIDA Oct-06 Jun-13 Jun-13

DAE Agriculture Sector Programme Support (1st revised) Agricultural Extension 5702 801 4901 0 0 0 5675 801 4874 Component (AEC) under ASPS-II Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-09

DAE Construction of Rubber Dams in Small &

163 medium River for Increasing Food 938 938 0 203 203 0 647 647 0

Production

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jan-10 Jan-10 DAE DAE

Enhancement of Crops Production 14903 14903 0 0 0 0 13256 13256 0 through Farm Mechanization Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-15 Jul-10 DAE DAE

Farm Machinery Technology 514 514 0 135 135 0 413 413 0 Development and Dissemination Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Dec-17 Dec-17 Jan-11 DAE

Farmer’s Training at Upazila level for 11074 11074 0 4949 4949 0 8835 8835 0 Transfer of Technology (2nd Phase) Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-06 DAE DAE Greater Rangpur Agriculture & Rural IDA 1165 78 1087 0 0 0 722 17 705 Development (DAE-LGED)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jun-12 Jul-08

DAE Improvement of ATI( quality development project) in Sherpur, 1410 1410 0 0 0 0 1375 1375 0 Gaibandha, and Khulna (doulatpur) Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-10 Jul-10

DAE Increase production and creation of employment for rural people through 625 625 0 0 0 0 605 605 0 engineering technology expansion Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-12 DAE DAE

Integrated agricultural development 1419 1419 0 774 774 0 794 794 0 project of East region Completed 164 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-08 Jul-08

DAE Integrated Agricultural Extension

Approach for poverty Reduction and 1500 1500 0 274 274 0 1499 1499 0 Food Security Project (IAPRFP) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jul-11 DAE DAE

Integrated Agriculture Productivity 8789 3938 4852 3397 1797 1600 6257 3009 3248 Project (IAPP) Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-10 DAE

Integrated Pest Management (2nd 2189 2189 0 0 0 0 2184 2184 0 phase, 1st revised)

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-15 Jul-10 DAE DAE

Integrated Quality Horticulture 7143 7143 0 2582 2582 0 6745 6745 0 Development Project (2nd phase) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-14 Jan-11 DAE

Minimizing Rice Yield Gap Project (1st 2068 2068 0 403 403 0 2066 2066 0 revised)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DAE DAE

Mujibnagar integrated Agriculture 3062 3062 0 350 350 0 1187 1187 0 Development Project Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Jul-07 DAE DAE National Agricultural Technology Project, IDA 12362 2276 10086 3397 1797 1600 11805 2276 9529 Phase I, 2nd revised

Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-06 DAE

Orange Development Project 552 552 0 0 0 0 490 490 0 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12 DAE DAE 165

Pirojpur Gopalganj Bagerhat integrated 1936 1936 0 247 247 0 276 276 0 agricultural development project

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-08 Jul-08 DAE Strengthening Mushroom Development 3405 3405 0 0 0 0 2943 2943 0 Project Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Aug-11

Support to Assist Landless, Marginal and Jan-10 DAE

Small Farmers to Overcome Soaring 320 0 320 0 0 0 320 0 320 Input and Food Prices in Impoverished Areas of Bangladesh Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-10 DAE DAE

Tuber Crop Development Project 2nd 837 837 0 150 150 0 776 776 0 revised Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-15 Jul-10 DAM DAM Integrated Quality Horticulture (standard garden) Development Project (2nd 2244 2244 0 223 223 0 2161 2161 0 phase)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DAM DAM

Mujibnagar Integrated Agricultural 679 679 0 371 371 0 775 775 0 Development Project

Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12 DAM DAM

Pirojpur Gopalganj Bagerhat integrated 449 449 0 98 98 0 121 121 0 agricultural development project Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-02 Jul-02 LGED Community Based Resource IFAD 9122 900 8223 886 74 812 9122 899 8223 Management Project.

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 Jul-11 MOA

Integrated Agriculture Productivity 7668 417 7251 1060 417 643 4072 521 3551

166 Project (IAPP) Ongoing

Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-13 Jul-13 SFDF SFDF

Project for expansion of SFDF's activities 3597 3597 0 1185 1185 0 1185 1185 0 for poverty reduction

Completed Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09 SFDF SFDF

Small Farmers Development Foundation 2938 2938 0 2938 2938 0 2938 2938 0 support project 1.3: Promote 1.3: the development agricultural agricultural climate systems to Ongoing Jun-18 Jun-18 Jul-13 DAE IDB IDB

Agricultural support for farmers in of responses to adapt to of responses 3137 793 2344 186 51 135 186 51 135 Southwestern region - DAE part

Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline change Jun-13 Jun-13 Jun-16 DDM Construction of flood shelters in the

flood prone and river erosion areas (2nd 11785 11785 0 125 125 0 125 125 0

phase) Ongoing Dec-17 Jan-13 DDM

Strengthening of the Ministry of disaster IDA management and relief program 12024 50 11974 87 3 84 87 3 84

administration

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-15 Jul-13 DDM

Vertical Extension of Disaster 1065 1065 0 22 22 0 22 22 0 Management and Relief Bhaban Netherlands, IFAD Netherlands, DoForestry Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing ongoing Dec-16 Jan-11

Char Development and Settlement 2385 121 2264 353 8 345 860 45 815 Project-4 (Do Forest Part) DoForestry Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 UNDP Community based adaptation to climate Jul-09

167 change through Coastal Afforestation in 6797 1015 5782 1404 20 1384 3961 171 3790 Bangladesh

Ongoing DANIDA Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-13 LGED LGED

Climate Change Adaptation Pilot Project. 2070 660 1410 2069 659 1410 2069 659 1410

IFAD, ADB, KfW IFAD, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-18 Jul-12 LGED

Coastal Climate Resilient Infrastructure 56709 11796 44914 4642 642 4000 4801 739 4062 Improvement Project.

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Feasibility Study in term of Hydrological Jun-14 Jan-13 LGED

and Morphological Study, Economic 89 89 0 89 89 0 89 89 0 Analysis and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-16 Jan-12 LGED LGED WFP Assisted Enhancing Resilience to WFP Disaster and the Effects of Climate 72552 37003 35549 13430 9934 3496 32307 20264 12043 Change Project.

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-12 MoA

Integrated Environmental Friendly 1451 1451 0 0 0 0 600 600 0 Project for Hill Tracts Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoDMR MoDMR Pipeline Mar-16 Apr-13 Jicks

Procurement of saline 14162 3197 10965 89 30 59 89 30 59 water treatment plant Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-12 MoEF

Climate change Capacity building and ADB knowledge management - a technical 454 83 371 315 0 315 325 0 325

assistance grant project Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Supporting Implementation of the Dec-14 Jul-09 MoEF MoEF Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy & ADB

168 1724 0 1724 150 0 150 572 0 572 Action Plan – a technical assistance grant

project BCCSP Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-17 Jun-17 Jan-13 2.1:Improve management water in water BADC distribution systems and distribution systems at farm level

Eastern Integrated Irrigated Area 5659 5659 0 1995 1995 0 2364 2364 0 2:Improved management water Development Project Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-10 BADC Enhancing Agricultural Production and Poverty Alleviation by introducing Force 2683 2683 0 115 115 0 2683 2683 0 mode Tubewell Irrigation Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 BADC Integrated Agriculture Productivity Project (BADC- seed and water 8298 3971 4327 2535 805 1729 4875 1662 3213 management component) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Mar-11 Jun-15 Jun-15 BADC

Pabna-Natore- Sirajgang Irrigation Area 16636 16636 0 2294 2294 0 7293 7293 0 Development Project (3rd Phase)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-07 BADC Pilot Project for Agricultural Production In Monga Prone Area Through Modern 688 688 0 0 0 0 625 625 0 Minor Irrigation Practices (BADC part) Ongoing Ongoing

Project for irrigation expansion in Jun-16 Jul-12 BADC

poverty prone areas under Greater 2565 2565 0 197 197 0 197 197 0 Rangpur district through modern minor irrigation practices Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-11 BADC Survey and Monitoring Project for Development of Minor Irrigation (3rd 2398 2398 0 788 788 0 2354 2354 0

Phase) Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 BMDA 169 Jul-08

Activating Inoperable Deep Tube wells 12179 12179 0 0 0 0 10950 10950 0 for Irrigation Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jun-12 BMDA Jul-07

Barind Integrated Area Development 10660 10660 0 0 0 0 10657 10657 0 Project (Phase-III)

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 BMDA Jul-08

Command Area Development & Training 9154 9154 0 0 0 0 9124 9124 0 Project (2nd Phase)

Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-13 Jun-13 Jan-10 BMDA

Command Area extension and 5125 5125 0 0 0 0 5074 5074 0 Development Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-16 Jan-10 BMDA

Deep Tubewell Installation Project phase 19254 19254 0 2999 2999 0 13814 13814 0 II

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 BMDA Panchagarh,Thakurgaon, Dinajpur and Jul-10 Joypurhat Integrated Agricultural 22571 22571 0 4000 4000 0 8665 8665 0 Development Project Ongoing Mar-14 Jun-16 Jun-16 BMDA

Smart Card Based Pre-paid Pump Usage 1090 1090 0 399 399 0 399 399 0 and Energy Measuring (PPUEM) System

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Dec-15 Jan-13 BRDB

Irrigation expansion programme 1650 1650 0 221 221 0 284 284 0 Netherlands Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 BWDB Jul-99 IPSWAM – Integrated planning for 170 1582 443 1139 0 0 0 1140 353 787 sustainable water management

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-15 Jul-07 LGED LGED

development of Small Scale Water JBIC Resources Project in Greater 48756 12643 36114 10997 2297 8700 31446 7088 24358

Mymensingh, Sylhet and Faridpur Areas ADB,IFAD Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-17 Jun-17 Jan-10 LGED Participatory Small Scale Water 56202 12857 43345 7493 1993 5500 22577 6904 15673 Resources Sector Project

2.2:Improve & increase particular in particular south the Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 efficiency of surface Jul-10 BADC water irrigation, water in

Activating Inoperable Deep Tube wells 17086 17086 0 1846 1846 0 9601 9601 0 for Irrigation Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-09 BADC Asuganj-Polash Agro Irrigation (4th 1784 1784 0 196 196 0 1684 1684 0 Phase)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-09 BADC Construction of Rubber Dams in Small & medium River for Increasing Food 4884 4884 0 1336 1336 0 3135 3135 0

Production Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09 BADC Expansion of Irrigation Through Utilization of Surface Water by Double 8272 8272 0 2360 2360 0 8264 8264 0 Lifting ( 2nd Phase) Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-10 BADC

Greater Dhaka Irrigation Development 9931 9931 0 2000 2000 0 9080 9080 0 Project-2nd Phase Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 171 Jul-11 BADC

Greater Faridpur Irrigation Area 8969 8969 0 1995 1995 0 7323 7323 0 Development project Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09 BADC Innovative Use of Surface Water Project 1672 1672 0 224 224 0 1640 1640 0 (2nd Phase) Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jan-09 BFDC

Multi-chennel snipway construction 2789 2789 0 1605 1605 0 1605 1605 0 project

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Mar-11 Jun-17 Jun-17 BMDA

Barind Rain Water Conservation and 16346 16346 0 3000 3000 0 6000 6000 0 Irrigation Project (PhaseII) Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 BMDA Jul-13 Jul-13

Irrigation Programme Through Surface 2745 2745 0 399 399 0 399 399 0 Water Augmentation

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Dec-17 Feb-14 BMDA Rehabilitation of old deep tube wells in

Rajshahi, Naogaon and chapai 27819 27819 0 247 247 0 247 247 0

Nawabgonj district ADB, Netherlands ADB, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 BWDB Jul-05 Area integrated Water Resources 25546 4738 20809 5003 783 4220 21994 3618 18376 Management Project Southwest Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Aug-10 Jun-12 Jun-12 BWDB

Dhepa river left bank flood control, 2286 2286 0 0 0 0 1551 1551 0 172 drainage and irrigation project

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jun-12 BWDB Jul-07

Dhepa-Punarbhaba Water Management 1692 1692 0 0 0 0 1393 1393 0 under Biral Upazila in Dinajpur District Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Gazner Bill Link River Excavation, Jun-16 Jan-10 Jan-10 BWDB

Development of Irrigation Facilities and 30545 30545 0 500 500 0 5609 5609 0 fish cultivation project at Sujanagar Upazila in Pabna District (BWDB part) Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jun-12 BWDB Jul-06

Kurigram Irrigation Project ( South Unit) 19480 19480 0 0 0 0 225 225 0

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 BWDB Jul-06

Kurigram Irrigation Project (North Unit) 9537 9537 0 0 0 0 10 10 0

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 BWDB Jul-05

Matamuhuri Irrigation Project 850 850 0 0 0 0 847 847 0 Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jun-12 BWDB Jul-04 Jul-04 Muhuri-Kahua Flood Control, Drainage 10688 10688 0 0 0 0 9378 9378 0 and Irrigation Project Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 BWDB Jul-11

Pre-monsoon Flood Protection and 68494 68494 0 2400 2400 0 5630 5630 0 Drainage Improvement in Haor Areas Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 173 BWDB Jul-11

Surma Right Bank Flood Control, 4728 4728 0 1800 1800 0 2796 2796 0 Drainage and Irrigation Project

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Mar-10 Jun-14 BWDB

Tarail Pachuria Flood control, Drainage 28045 28045 0 2868 2868 0 10525 10525 0 and Irrigation Project

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 BWDB Jul-03

Teesta Barrage Project,2nd Phase 22549 22549 0 4663 4663 0 11641 11641 0

IDA, Netherlands IDA, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-15 BWDB Jul-04 Water Management Improvement 2037 85588 8086 77502 20798 428 54953 3321 51632 Project (special revised) 1

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Mar-14

Re-excavation of connecting rivers, Jan-10 DAE

Development of irrigation facilities and 460 460 0 140 140 0 459 459 0 Fish culture project of Gazner Beel area and Sujanagar Upazila in Pabna District Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Mar-10

Re-excavation of connecting rivers, Jun-14 DLS DLS Development of irrigation facilities and 165 165 0 0 0 0 152 152 0 Fish culture project of Gazner Beel area and Sujanagar Upazila in Pabna District Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-14

Re-excavation of connecting rivers, Jan-10

Development of irrigation facilities and 491 491 0 35 35 0 328 328 0 Fish culture project of Gazner Beel area and Sujanagar Upazila in Pabna District 174 DoForestry Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13

Re-excavation of connecting rivers, Jan-10

Development of irrigation facilities and 85 85 0 0 0 0 85 85 0 Fish culture project of Gazner Beel area

and Sujanagar Upazila in Pabna District Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09 LGED Construction of Rubber Dams in Small & Medium Rivers for increasing Food 23654 23654 0 2984 2984 0 15704 15704 0 Production (LGED) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Re-excavation of connecting rivers, Jun-14 Jul-05 LGED

Development of irrigation facilities and 3544 3544 0 26 26 0 3507 3507 0 Fish culture project of Gazner Beel area and Sujanagar Upazila in Pabna District Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Jan-11 RDA

Action research on integrated water 6425 6425 0 1328 1328 0 3612 3612 0 management

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Action research project on command Jun-14 Jul-07 RDA RDA

area development using surface water 1929 1929 0 300 300 0 870 870 0 for rural livelihood improvement by replacing RDA technology 2.3:Reduce impactof saline water intrusion salinewater Ongoing Ongoing

Coastal embankment improvement Jun-20 BWDB Jul-13 IDA inSouth the

project Phase I (CEIP I) in Satkhira, 93641 0 93641 502 0 502 502 0 502 Khulna, bagerhat, Pirojpur, Barguna, and Patuakhali District Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 BWDB Rehabilitation of BWDB Coastal Jul-10 Infrastructures damaged by Alia (South 37755 37755 0 8418 8418 0 28569 28569 0 Western Zone) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Dec-14 Dec-14 BWDB Buriganga River Restoration Project (New Jul-10 175 Dhaleswari-Pungli-Bongshai-Turag- 94409 94409 0 2913 2913 0 9338 9338 0

Buriganga river system) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Mar-10 2.4: Enhance water flow river South the to Jun-15 Jun-15 BWDB

Capital (pilot) Dredging Of River Systems 102712 102712 0 30960 30960 0 71533 71533 0 in Bangladesh

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 BWDB Jul-10

Excavation of Chandna-Barasia River 5946 5946 0 968 968 0 4505 4505 0

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 BWDB Jul-05

Feasibility Study and Detail Design of 3514 3514 0 592 592 0 3334 3334 0 Ganges Barrage project

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing May-10 Jun-12 Jun-12 BWDB Feasibility Study and Survey of Surashar

156 156 0 0 0 0 141 141 0 FCDI project Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 BWDB Jul-08

Gorai River Restoration Project 92930 92930 0 2998 2998 0 49179 49179 0

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Apr-11 Apr-11 Jun-14 Jun-14 BWDB

Kalni-Kushiara River Management 60983 60983 0 1500 1500 0 2503 2503 0

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Aug-10 Jun-15 Jun-15 BWDB

Procurement of 6 number of Ancillary India Crafts and Accessories for MoWR and 10426 2652 7774 2287 45 2242 2287 45 2242

MoShipping - BWDB part Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 BWDB Procurement of dredgers and relevant Jul-10 machine tools for dredging river of 130988 130988 0 12859 12859 0 19787 19787 0 Bangladesh Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Nov-10 Jun-15 Jun-15 BWDB Re-excavation of Bemelia, Lagan

Balbhadra river under Nasirnagar upazila 4242 4242 0 248 248 0 640 640 0 176

in Brahmanbaria and Habiganj District tested and for tested ofquality certified diversified crop Completed

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing 3.1:Enhance of inputs, agricultural availability Jun-13 Jun-13 3: Improved 3: of input and quality soil fertility Jul-10 BADC

Development and multiplication of 551 551 0 0 0 0 407 407 0 agricultural seeds (Phase II)

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 BADC IDB IDB Enhancing quality seed supply project 18617 4502 14114 3614 1000 2614 5636 1600 4036 Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Mar-09 Jun-14 Jun-14 BADC

Improvement and quality seed 18671 18671 0 2125 2125 0 18668 18668 0 production of rice, wheat and maize

Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-10 Jun-10 Jul-06 BADC

Modernization Facilities to increase 3549 3549 0 0 0 0 3540 3540 0 Supply of Quality Seed s

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-11 BADC

Private sector seed development 1889 1889 0 859 859 0 1887 1887 0 Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09 Jul-09 BADC

Pulse and Oils Seed (2nd Phase) 8573 8573 0 2624 2624 0 8572 8572 0 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 BARI IDB Enhancing Quality Seed Supply 4965 1154 3811 1313 310 1003 1933 585 1348 Completed Completed Completed 177 Ongoing Ongoing Jan-08 Jul-11 Jul-11

BCIC BCIC Restoring original rated production

capacity by repairing of Polash Urea 3533 3533 0 0 0 0 3403 3403 0 Fertilizer Factory Ltd. Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Dec-11 Dec-11 Jul-06 Jul-06 BCIC BCIC

Second phase rehabilitation of Natural 5157 5157 0 0 0 0 4720 4720 0 Gas Fertilizer Factory Ltd Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-15 Jul-11 China BCIC

39860 20207 1790 39283 35765 Shahjalal fertilizer project 540900 142292 23000 35179 8 9 80 8 9

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jul-06 Jul-12

BCIC BCIC Sustaining the original rated production capacity by repairing Ashuganj Fertilizer 41702 41702 0 0 0 0 9414 9414 0 and Chemical Complex Ltd. Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 BMDA Jul-06

Improved Quality Seed Production at 553 553 0 0 0 0 52 52 0 Farmers Level

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 BRRI IDB Enhancing Quality Seed Supply (BRRI) 4746 350 4396 1978 90 1888 2158 232 1926 Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-07 Jul-07

BRRI BRRI Strengthening of Rice Breeder Seed Production & Maintenance of Nucleus 776 776 0 0 0 0 757 757 0 Stock World Bank World Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery & Jun-14 Jul-08 DAE Restoration Project: Recovery of 10960 0 10960 3686 0 3686 10898 0 10898 Agriculture Sector (Crops) & Improvement (1st revised) Completed Completed Completed 178 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jul-07

DAE DAE Production, Preservation, Distribution of

Quality Rice, Wheat and Jute Seeds at 5312 5312 0 0 0 0 5235 5235 0 Farmers Level Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jul-07

DAE DAE Production, preservation, Distribution of Quality Seeds of Pulse, Oil, and Onion at 1942 1942 0 0 0 0 1866 1866 0 Farmers Level Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-10 Jul-10 ADB DAE Second Crop Diversification Project 29138 6246 22892 4999 2248 2751 8326 3758 4568 Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DANIDA Sep-07 Jun-13 Jun-13 MOA Agriculture Sector Programme Support 537 0 537 0 0 0 521 0 521 (Seed Wing) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 SCA SCA

Integrated Agriculture Productivity 480 216 264 156 91 65 394 197 197 Project (IAPP)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing 3.2:Develop partnerships private public throughca Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-12 BADC Establishing seed augmentation (multiplication) farm in the South West 24497 24497 0 3020 3020 0 9005 9005 0 Coastal region Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-13 BADC Establishing Seed Processing Center and

Enhancing Seed multiplication farm at 3400 3400 0 10 10 0 10 10 0

Subarnachar in Noakhali Completed development Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-11 BADC

Kurigram Integrated seed cold storage 3604 3604 0 2147 2147 0 3563 3563 0 establishment project Ongoing Jun-18 Jun-18 Jul-13 BADC Maintenance and rehabilitaion of

179 existing fertilizer storage and 5369 5369 0 200 200 0 200 200 0

strengthening fertilizer management

Completed

Support for establishing seed Jun-14 Jul-13 BADC pacity pacity

multiplication, seed processing and seed 215 0 215 215 0 215 215 0 215 testing in Dashmina Seed Multiplication Centre 3.3:Improve and increase sustainability Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Sep-08 Jun-11 USDA DAE DAE Granular Urea Technology Extension ofmanagement soil fertility 501 0 501 0 0 0 500 0 500 Project in 80 additional Upazilas Completed Completed Completed GEF, UNDP Completed Ongoing Ongoing Apr-02 Jun-11 DoE Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity 1082 225 858 0 0 0 805 24 781 Management Project (CWBMP) Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jul-07 DoE

Sustainable Land Management Project 699 237 462 0 0 0 654 235 419

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-12 SRDI

Establishment of soil and fertilizer testing 3115 3115 0 1136 1136 0 1276 1276 0 laboratories and research centres Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-08 SRDI

Food Security Programme 2006, Soil EC 7609 445 7164 0 0 0 5841 116 5726 Fertility Component

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-14 Jun-11 Jun-11

SRDI Human resource development of SRDI,

DAE & AIS for judicious and profitable 691 691 0 410 410 0 572 572 0 use of land and soil resources, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-12 SRDI

Soil Resource Management and Farmers 2000 2000 0 947 947 0 1206 1206 0

180 Service Project (SMFS) 4.1:Develop aquaculture, throughsmall scale acces Completed

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Mar-09 Jun-14 Jun-14 BARI BARI

Improvement and quality seed

4:Fisheriesaquaculture and Development 3732 3732 0 444 444 0 3519 3519 0 production of rice, wheat and maize quality inputs, adviceand inputs, quality skills Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-12 BFDC BFDC Establishment of fish landing centers

with ancillary facilities in 3 coastal 2998 2998 0 500 500 0 580 580 0

districts at 4 selected areas Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09 BFRI BFRI

Impact of Aquaculture Drugs and 1570 1570 0 488 488 0 1157 1157 0 Chemicals on Aquatic Ecology

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09

Expansion of Aquaculture Technology 2476 2476 0 520 520 0 2454 2454 0 Services up to Union Level

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline DOFish Dec-14 Fish production, conservation and Oct-11

s to s strengthening management at Kaptai 337 337 0 39 39 0 305 305 0 Lake (component B)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing DOFish Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-06

Infrastructure Development for Flood 530 530 0 0 0 0 114 114 0 Plain Aquaculture in Comilla District Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline DOFish Jun-16 Jul-11

Integrated Agriculture Productivity 3602 281 3321 1112 17 1095 2170 140 2029 Project (IAPP) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-15 Jun-15

Rehabilitation and development of Jan-12

fisheries infrastructure to increase 12849 12849 0 1799 1799 0 3030 3030 0 production of quality fish seed and fingerlings Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-06 181

Restoration of Natural Breeding Habits of 1030 1030 0 151 151 0 912 912 0 the Halda River

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Oct-11 BFDC BFDC 4.2:Improve management fisheries of resources Fish Production Conservation and

Strengthening Management at Kaptai 1707 1707 0 500 500 0 1130 1130 0

Lake (BFDC Part) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12 BFRI BFRI

Development and Dissemination of Pearl 741 741 0 218 218 0 248 248 0 Culture Technology Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-14 Oct-11

BFRI BFRI Fish production, conservation and

strengthening management at Kaptai 486 486 0 134 134 0 382 382 0 Lake Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-08

BFRI BFRI Jatka Conservation, Alternate Income Generation for the Jatka Fishers and 409 409 0 77 77 0 351 351 0

Research Project (BFRI part) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Sep-05 Sep-05 Jun-14 Jun-14

BFRI BFRI Support to Sustainable Development of the Bay of Bengal Large Marine 432 432 0 173 173 0 364 364 0

Ecosystem (BOBLME)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09

Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 948 948 0 275 275 0 877 877 0 in Bhabodha Area, Jessore

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline DOFish Oct-10 Jun-16 Jun-16

Aquaculture and fisheries management 3077 3077 0 500 500 0 1459 1459 0 project in haor area Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline DOFish Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12

Aquaculture development and fisheries 4106 4106 0 900 900 0 925 925 0 extension project in CHT (3rd phase) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-07 Bangladesh marine fisheries capacity IDB 12789 6023 6766 1859 255 1604 2367 524 1843

182 building project

Completed Completed Completed

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-06

Brood Bank Establishment Project 572 572 0 0 0 0 567 567 0 World Bank World Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-08 Emergency 2007 (Sidr) Cyclone Recovery 5395 0 5395 3091 0 3091 5683 0 5683 and Restoration Project (ECRRP) Ongoing DOFish Jun-16 Jul-13

Establishment of beel nursery and 7865 7865 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 fingerling stocking in inland open waters

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Apr-10 Fisheries development and management Jun-14

of identified degraded water bodies and 3942 3942 0 572 572 0 3942 3942 0

conservation of small indigenous fishes Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing DOFish DOFish Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-12 Jul-12

Fisheries registration and issuing of 6335 6335 0 1963 1963 0 3049 3049 0 identity card project

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-10

Greater Faridpur Fisheries Development 7531 7531 0 749 749 0 5187 5187 0 Project

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish DOFish Dec-14 Dec-14 Jun-09 Jun-09

Greater Pabna fisheries development 871 871 0 190 190 0 871 871 0 project

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-11

Hura Sagor Aquaculture and Fisheries 1880 1880 0 559 559 0 809 809 0 Management Project

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-15 Jatka Conservation Alternate Income Jul-08 Generation for the Jatka Fishers and 3692 3692 0 264 264 0 1890 1890 0 183

Research Project (DoF part) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Dec-14

Jul-07

National Agricultural Technology IDA Development Project (Fisheries 4397 1442 2955 525 379 146 4192 1296 2896

Component) Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DANIDA DOFish Jun-13 Jun-13 Regional Fisheries and Livestock Jul-07 Development Project (Barisal 7217 495 6722 0 0 0 6295 490 5805 Component) Barisal Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-09 Jul-09

Wetland biodiversity rehabilitation 7236 300 6936 1455 39 1416 4860 268 4592 project

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jan-09 LGED Greater Faridpur district rural infrastructure Development Project 76344 76344 0 14000 14000 0 41949 41949 0

(Phase I)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

MarineFisheriesAcademy Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-11 Jul-11

Development and Strengthening of MFAs 4005 4005 0 1144 1144 0 1144 1144 0 Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-12 MoEF MoEF SDC SDC

Community based sustainable 1656 131 1525 476 0 476 961 0 961 management of Tanguar Haor Phase - III

184 Integrated fisheries and livestock

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-11 Jul-11 MoFL MoFL development project in flood control and

command area (drainage and irrigation 11488 11488 0 1146 1146 0 5760 5760 0 project area) and other water bodies (4th phase) communitybased co Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline sustainable shrimp Jun-14 Jun-14 development and Jul-10

BFRI BFRI Infrastructural Development and Souththrough

and prawn and Research Strengthening of Fisheries 3943 3943 0 983 983 0 3025 3025 0 Research Institute Bagerhat Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline DOFish Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12

Fresh water prawn culture extension 3647 3647 0 427 427 0 461 461 0 project surveillanc devel opm diagnosis Livestock including Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 better better Jul-11 BLRI and en t

Foot and mouth disease and PPR 607 607 0 0 0 0 548 548 0 research in Bangladesh

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

World Bank, World IDA Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jul-07 DLS Avian Influenza Preparedness & 9019 937 8082 0 0 0 6731 -229 6960 Response Project Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jul-11 DLS

Establishment of Upazila Livestock 6472 6472 0 1698 1698 0 2226 2226 0 Development Centre (3rd Phase)

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-08

DLS Modernization of Vaccine Production Technology & Extension of Laboratory 3974 3974 0 832 832 0 3627 3627 0

Facilities Project 185 Ongoing Ongoing Sep-14 Strengthening national capacity to Oct-12 USAID

DLS

respond highly pathogenic Avian 1626 0 1626 1125 0 1125 1125 0 1125 Influenza and Emerging and reemerging disease control project Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Nov-13 Jan-08 USAID

DLS DLS Strengthening of Support of combating Avian Influenza (HPA1) in Bangladesh 2315 91 2224 121 0 121 2218 0 2218 Project improvedknowledge and householdthrough level husbandry capacity at husbandry capacity Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Conservation and improvement of native Jun-17 Jul-12 communitybased BLRI BLRI advisoryservices 5.2:Strengthen

sheep through community farming and 880 880 0 295 295 0 416 416 0 commercial farming project (component A) (2nd phase) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Conservation & Improvement of Native Jun-17 Jul-12 DLS

Sheep Through Community Farming & 1723 1723 0 410 410 0 588 588 0 Commercial Farming Project (component A) 2nd phase

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-06

DLS DLS Conservation and improvement of native sheep through community farming 84 84 0 0 0 0 82 82 0 system (component A) World Bank World Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-08 DLS Emergency 2007 (Sidr) Cyclone Recovery 6014 0 6014 3562 0 3562 6307 0 6307 and Restoration Project (ECRRP) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 Jul-11 DLS DLS

Integrated Agriculture Productivity 2597 43 2554 901 8 894 1791 34 1757 Project (IAPP) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing 186 Pipeline Pipeline Oct-10 Jun-15 Jun-15

DLS DLS Support Service for Small holder Dairy

and Poultry Farmers at 22 Selected 1715 1715 0 205 205 0 1547 1547 0 Districts through public private Ongoing Ongoing Dec-17 Dec-17 Jul-12 Jul-12 quality of inputs ofquality inputs BLRI availabilityand 5.3:Improve partnerships

Fodder research and development 1516 1516 0 292 292 0 306 306 0 project

MilkVita Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-14 Jul-11

Establishment of Cattle Feed Plant for

2728 2728 0 825 825 0 1903 1903 0 Enhancing Milk Production livestock development, livestock Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-10 BLRI including genetic 5.4:Research on

improvement Buffalo Development Project 1770 1770 0 404 404 0 1256 1256 0

Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-09 DLS

Artificial Insemination & Embryo Transfer 5074 5074 0 761 761 0 4669 4669 0 Technology Project

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-13 DLS

Beef Cattle development project 1703 1703 0 189 189 0 189 189 0

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-08 DLS

Breed Upgradation Through Progeny 932 932 0 0 0 0 932 932 0 Test Project phase II Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-10 DLS DLS

Buffalo Development Project 1925 1925 0 267 267 0 1634 1634 0

Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-12

DLS Establishment of national institute of

187 livestock and poultry management and 2785 2785 0 137 137 0 187 187 0

disease diagnostic laboratory

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Oct-11 Jun-15 DLS

Establishment of Regional duck breading 16328 16328 0 2620 2620 0 4219 4219 0 farm along with hatchery (3rd phase)

Ongoing Dec-15 Jan-13 DLS

Establishment of Sirajgonj Govt. 4509 4509 0 683 683 0 683 683 0 Veterinery college

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Dec-14 Jul-07 Jul-07 DLS DLS IDA National Agricultural Technology Project 5839 359 5480 346 110 236 5584 262 5322

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DANIDA Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-07

DLS Regional Fisheries and Livestock Development Project (Noakhali 7977 1045 6932 0 0 0 7878 901 6977 Component)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Dec-11 Jul-04 ADB DLS DLS Second Participatory Livestock 2045 1052 993 0 0 0 1646 1047 599 Development Project Milk Vita Ongoing Dec-15 Dec-15 Jul-13 Jul-13

Establishment of Buffalo Breading 1322 1322 0 90 90 0 90 90 0 Station for Enhancing Milk Production Completed Completed 6.1:Improve physical markets, facilitiesto access Ongoing Ongoing Dec-12 Jul-10

Enhancement of Rural Communication FAO AIS service through community Radio for 401 82 319 115 49 66 399 80 319 Development of Agriculture

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing 188 Oct-10 Jun-16 BMDA Marketing of Agricultural Products

6: Improved markets 6: to access through Development of Rural 26145 26145 0 5499 5499 0 11099 11099 0

Communication Project Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-10 Jul-10 DDM Construction of bridge/culvert (up to 12

m long) on the rural roads at Chittagong 13250 13250 0 0 0 0 9505 9505 0 Hill Tracts region Ongoing Dec-16 Jan-14 DDM Construction of bridge/culvert (up to 12

m long) on the rural roads at Chittagong 6601 6601 0 2653 2653 0 2653 2653 0

Hill Tracts region (2nd phase) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Mar-11 Dec-14 Dec-14 DDM andinformation

Construction of multipurpose cyclone 19979 19979 0 9948 9948 0 10632 10632 0 shelter in the coastal belt of Bangladesh

Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-12 Jul-12 DDM Construction of small bridge/culvert (up to 12 m long) on the rural roads (3rd 75050 75050 0 35622 35622 0 49605 49605 0 phase)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Agriculture Sector Programme Support Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DANIDA Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-06 LGED (ASPS) Phase-II Rural Road & Market Access Infrastructure Development 23711 14625 9086 4028 4028 0 23699 14615 9084 Project (3) Patuakhali, Borguna, Noakhali,Laxmipur Ongoing Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-13 Jul-13 LGED

Barisal Division Infrastructure 31878 31878 0 196 196 0 196 196 0 Development Project.

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jan-09 Jan-11 LGED Construction and Reconstruction of Rural Road, Bridges and Culverts in Rural areas 7771 7771 0 0 0 0 7745 7745 0 on Priority Basis

189 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Aug-10 Jun-16 Jun-16 LGED Construction of two bridges on the river

Brahmaputra under Islampur Upazila of 17401 17401 0 3496 3496 0 3683 3683 0 Jamalpur District Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-12 LGED

Development of Important Rural 47362 47362 0 6970 6970 0 9736 9736 0 Infrastructure Project .

Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-06 LGED

Development of Integrated 2666 450 2217 58 41 17 2675 450 2226 Infrastructure Project Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Apr-10 Apr-10 Jun-15 Jun-15 LGED Development of Rural Communication and other infrastructure of the Greater 55592 55592 0 7630 7630 0 20929 20929 0

Rangpur and Dinajpur District WorldBank Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing Aug-08 Jun-14 Jun-14 LGED Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and 2857 89530 372 89158 28643 68 75788 240 75548 Restoration Project (ECRRP) 5

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Feasibility study for construction of Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Dec-11 Dec-11 500m bridge on the Dhakeshari River at Sep-10 LGED

Nagarpur Upazila in Tangail and 88 88 0 0 0 0 67 67 0 construction of 500m long grider bridge on Andharmanik river at Kolapara upazila in Patuakhali District Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Greater Barisal District and Rural Jun-16 Jul-09 LGED

Communication ad Hat Bazaar 38442 38442 0 6991 6991 0 22520 22520 0 infrastructure development (Barisal, Pirojpur, Bhola and Jhalkati) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-10 LGED

Greater Comilla rural infrastructure 19732 19732 0 5494 5494 0 13587 13587 0 development (2nd Phase) 190

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-10 LGED

Greater Faridpur rural infrastructure 69300 69300 0 17580 17580 0 31566 31566 0 development (2nd Phase)

Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing Mar-11 Jun-15 Jun-15 LGED LGED Greater Jessore District Infrastructure

Development Project. (Jessore, Jhenaida, 39850 39850 0 3500 3500 0 7096 7096 0

Magura & Narail districts). Ongoing Ongoing ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jan-12 LGED Greater Kushtia District Infrastructure

Development Project: (Kushtia, 26452 26452 0 2998 2998 0 4268 4268 0

Chuadanga & Meherpur District). Ongoing Jun-18 Jun-18 Jul-13 Jul-13 LGED

Greater Noakhali Rural Infrastructure 17990 17990 0 180 180 0 180 180 0 Development Project (Part-II).

Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-08 LGED

Greater Noakhali Rural Infrastructure 30314 30314 0 6000 6000 0 26866 26866 0 Development Project.

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-06 LGED

Greater Rajshahi Division Integrated IDB Rural Development Project (Rajshahi, 20876 6958 13919 3734 1382 2352 20111 6541 13570

Natore, Naogaon, Chapai Nowabgonj). Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-06 LGED LGED Greater Rangpur Agriculture & Rural IDB 505 182 322 0 0 0 182 15 167 Development (DAE-LGED) Netherlands, Netherlands, Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Feb-06 Feb-06 Jun-13 Jun-13 LGED Market Infrastructure Development IFAD 20767 6885 13882 0 0 0 20559 6885 13674

Project in Charland Regions 191 Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing Jun-15 Jul-08 LGED LGED Project for Improvement of Rural Road,

Hat-Bazaar Infrastructures on Priority 52500 52500 0 7546 7546 0 36235 36235 0

Basis. Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jan-11 LGED

Rehabilitation of Aila affected rural 15100 15100 0 3500 3500 0 8197 8197 0 infrastructure

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jun-12 Jul-03 LGED

Rural Development Project: IDA Infrastructure Development-26 (2nd 53255 18662 34592 0 0 0 52995 18544 34451 Revised) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Rural Infrastructure Development (Public Jun-16 Jul-05 LGED

priority Rural Communication and Hat- 41878 41878 0 7485 7485 0 21671 21671 0 Bazaar Development & Rehabilitation) part 2 Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-04 LGED

Rural Infrastructure Development in JBIC Eastern Region of Bangladesh: Greater 9286 3505 5780 0 0 0 7552 1871 5681 Chittagong, Noakhali and Sylhet District

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-02 LGED

Rural Infrastructure Development Project 6967 6967 0 0 0 0 6930 6930 0 (GIDP) (2nd Revised) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Mar-11 Jun-15 Jun-15 LGED Rural infrastructure development project

(Greater Dhaka, Tangail and Kishorganj 48495 48495 0 5995 5995 0 10271 10271 0

District) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-08 Jul-08 LGED

Rural Infrastructure Development Project 11199 11199 0 2000 2000 0 6804 6804 0 (Khulna, Bagerhat & Stakhira District)

Completed Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 Jan-09 LGED LGED 192

Rural Infrastructure Development Project 11486 11486 0 0 0 0 11486 11486 0 : Chittagong Hill Tracts.

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-04 LGED Rural road hat bazaar infrastructure 43191 43191 0 7546 7546 0 26925 26925 0 development

Rural Road, Bridge/ Culvert & other Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jan-10 LGED Infrastructure development of backward Upazilla of North West Bangladesh 74245 74245 0 8880 8880 0 36269 36269 0 (Pabna, Sirajgonj, Natore, Naogaon, Rajshahi, Nobabgonj, Bogra) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-08 LGED Rural Roads and hat/bazaar Development Project : Greater Sylhet 17984 17984 0 5486 5486 0 17023 17023 0

District. Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12 LGED IDA

Rural Transport Improvement Project 14492 1532 200473 55544 21324 5999 24832 6998 17835 (RTIP-2) 9 6

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed ADB,DFID, GIZ, KfW GIZ, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-13 Jul-07 LGED Second Rural Infrastructure 99290 37535 61755 71 71 0 97731 37322 60409 Development (RIIP-II)

KfW, ADB KfW, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jan-11 LGED

Sustainable rural infrastructure 1012 61535 18428 43107 14123 3994 21104 6240 14865 improvement project (SRIIP) 9

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-14 Jul-11 LGED

Sylhet Division Rural Infrastructure 44723 44723 0 7532 7532 0 16286 16286 0 Development Project

Union Connecting Road & Other Completed Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 193 Jul-08 LGED LGED Infrastructure Development Project : Greater Comilla District (Comilla, 16414 16414 0 0 0 0 16310 16310 0

Chandpur & B-Baria District) (1st Revised). Completed Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing

Union Connecting Road and Jun-13 Jul-08 Jul-08 LGED

Infrastructure Development Project 19494 19494 0 0 0 0 19494 19494 0 (Greater Bogra, Rajshahi & Pabna Districts). Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing May-09 Apr-15 LGED Union Connecting Road Infrastructure Development Project : Greater 40222 40222 0 7999 7999 0 31788 31788 0

Mymensingh District. Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-10 Jul-10 LGED Union Infrastructure Development (Khulna, Bagerhat & Sathkhira District) 30277 30277 0 3994 3994 0 10697 10697 0

Project. Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Union infrastructure Development Jun-12 Jul-07 LGED LGED

Project (Dinajpur, Panchagarh, 7799 7799 0 0 0 0 7684 7684 0 Thakurgaon, Rangpur, Lalmonirhat, Kurigram, Gaibandha and Nilphamari).

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing Mar-10

Union link Road & Infrastructure Jun-16 LGED LGED

Development Project : Greater 30185 30185 0 4997 4997 0 13966 13966 0 Chittagong (Chittagong & Cox's Bazar) District. Ongoing Ongoing ongoing ongoing ongoing Jun-14 Jul-08 LGED LGED Union Road & Other Infrastructure Development Project : Greater Jessore & 14929 14929 0 4767 4767 0 14451 14451 0

Kushtia District Project. Ongoing Ongoing May-13 Nov-16 RDA SDC SDC

Making Markets work for the Jamuna, 3809 362 3447 1491 368 1123 2486 377 2109 Padma and Testa Chars(M4C)

6.2:Mobilize promoteand & marketing producer grou Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-11 Jul-08 BFDC BFDC

Establishment of Fish Marketing Facilities 194 409 409 0 0 0 0 261 261 0 in Dhaka Metropolis improvedknowledge and access market

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-11 DOC DOC

Ensuring Cooperative based Milk 2496 2496 0 660 660 0 2123 2123 0 Production

Poverty reduction and socio economic Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-11

DOC DOC development by Expansion of Milk Producers Cooperative in greater 3924 3924 0 1196 1196 0 1406 1406 0 Faridpur, Barisal and Khulna District for Reduction of Poverty Hortexfoundation Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Jul-07 National Agricultural Technology Project IDA 3090 161 2929 1010 20 990 2553 105 2448 (Hortex) ps for ps

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Jun-18 Jun-18 Jul-13 LGED IDB IDB

Agricultural support for farmers in 2452 207 2246 19 19 0 19 19 0 Southwestern region - LGED part

6.3:Develop processing adequate storage, Ongoing Ongoing Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12 Jul-12 DAE andvalue and addition reducewaste through public-private partnerships

Strengthening Bangladesh phytosanitary 8324 8324 0 760 760 0 1390 1390 0 capabilities

Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-13 Jul-13 DAM

Agricultural commodity storage 849 849 0 0 0 0 153 153 0 development project Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-13 Jul-13 DAM

Promoting groups / contract marketing 280 280 0 0 0 0 34 34 0

195 projects Ongoing

Jun-17 Jun-17 USAID Jul-13 Jul-13 LGED

Bangladesh Agriculture Infrastructure 7125 829 6296 92 44 48 92 44 48 Development Project.

6.4: 6.4: and Promote theassist development of off Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 Jul-11 BRDB Poverty reduction through minor crop

production, preservation, processing and 4873 4873 0 1775 1775 0 2285 2285 0 farm activities rural and businessesfarm marketing program (2nd phase) Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-12 Jul-12 BRDB

Rural livelihood project (RLP) 2nd phase 19874 19874 0 2706 2706 0 3165 3165 0 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Food Security through Enhanced Jun-15 Jul-11 Italy DAE

Agriculture Production diversified 2604 480 2124 37 0 37 1592 290 1302 sources of income value addition and marketing in Bangladesh (FSMSP) Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing PPCCTF Dec-11 Jan-06 DAM DAM Agribusiness Development Project in 40944 1274 39669 0 0 0 27005 637 26368 Bangladesh

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-13 DAM DAM

Development of agroprocessing in 2740 2740 0 0 0 0 964 964 0 homestead level Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-15 Jul-13 DAM DAM

Strengthening agricultural market 400 400 0 0 0 0 138 138 0 information development project Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jan-12 RDA

Integrated Rural Employment Support 10213 10213 0 2000 2000 0 3330 3330 0 Project for the Poor Women(RESPPW)

NationalPolicy- Food 7:Implementation of and monitoring Completed Completed Completed Completed implement,monitor and coordinate Ongoing Ongoing Dec-10 Sep-08 MOA

Strengthening the Government ADB 7.1: Strengthen capacities 7.1:Strengthen capacities to

196 Institutional Capacity of MOA for 87 11 75 0 0 0 59 3 57

NFPand actions CIP Improving Food Security (Component-B)

EU,USAID Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoFood Ongoing Sep-14 Sep-14 Jan-09

CIP CIP National Food Policy Capacity 9582 78 9504 1711 0 1711 7939 0 7939 Planof and Action Strengthening Program Phase-2

Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing MoFood Dec-10 Dec-10 Sep-08 Sep-08

Strengthening the Government ADB Institutional Capacity of DG Food for 211 25 186 0 0 0 125 5 119 Improving Food Security (Component-A)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

design,implementation and monitoring 7.2:Strengthen national capacities for ofoperationsCIP Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 Jul-11 MOA

Integrated Agriculture Productivity 1360 0 1360 572 0 572 666 0 666 Project (IAPP) 197 7.3: Strengthen capacities of 7.3:Strengthen capacities civil society

developmentand implementation organisationscontribute to CIP to Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 MOA

Integrated Agriculture Productivity 453 0 453 187 0 187 222 0 222 Project (IAPP) Management storage and storage Public Food including in Completed modernize facilities, handling Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoFood Systems Pipeline Pipeline Feb-12 Sep-13 public

Bangladesh Modernized Food Storage 840 0 840 0 0 0 0 0 0 Study Project (BMSFP)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoFood Pipeline Pipeline Mar-14 Jul-10

Construction of 0.84 lakh MT Capacity 23797 23797 0 7142 7142 0 22149 22149 0 Food Godown at Halishar CSD campus MoFood Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-13

Construction of 1.05 lakh MT Capacity 24565 24565 0 97 97 0 97 97 0 new Food Godown Project

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoFood Jun-12 Jun-12 Construction of 1.10 lakh MT Capacity Jul-09 Food Godown in the Northern region of 22425 22425 0 0 0 0 17146 17146 0 the Country Completed 198 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoFood Pipeline Mar-14 Jul-10

Construction of 1.35 lakh MT capacity 30542 30542 0 1746 1746 0 28956 28956 0 Godowns across the country Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoFood Ongoing Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-10

Construction of a Concrete Grain Silo of 53513 53513 0 13007 13007 0 32727 32727 0 50,000 MT capacity at Mongla Port

Ongoing MoFood Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-12 Jul-12

Construction of Flour Mill at Postagola, 13474 13474 0 1801 1801 0 2082 2082 0 Dhaka

Ongoing Ongoing MoFood Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jan-12 Construction of mutlistoried warehouse JAICA at Santahar Grain Silo Premises , Bogra 26456 6219 20237 5791 4894 897 10189 5080 5109

(25,000 MT) Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing MoFood Jun-11 Jun-11 Reconstruction of Dilapidated Food Jul-09 Godowns and Ancillary Infrastructures of 1769 1769 0 0 0 0 1245 1245 0 DOF

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

9.1:Strengthen institutional capacities effecti to safety net programmes safety formulate and new a integrated for social safety net safety social programmes for Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-11 DDM Operation Support to the employment IDB IDB generation programme for the poorest 4693 87 4606 1788 37 1752 4209 75 4134 (EGPP) 9: Effective 9: nets safety 199

velyoperate social strategy Completed and income and generation of social 9.2: Investment in 9.2:employment Investment Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing safety nets (including safety in ADP) Jun-13 Jun-13 Jul-07 BRDB Employment Guarantee Scheme for 2839 2839 0 0 0 0 2719 2719 0 Hardcore Poor of Northern Region Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-12 Jul-12 BRDB Initiative for Development,

Empowerment , Awareness and 1532 1532 0 338 338 0 434 434 0

Livelihood Project(IDEAL) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-11 Jul-11

BSRI BSRI Create Employment Opportunity of Char Dwellers in Greater Rangpur District 821 821 0 164 164 0 543 543 0 through Sugarcane Cultivation

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Netherlands, IFAD Netherlands, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-16 Jan-11 DAE DAE

Char development and settlement 506 52 454 98 0 98 313 22 291 project-4 Completed Completed Aug-12 Emergency Support for immediate Feb-13 DAE

rehabilitation of most vulnerable in five 164 0 164 0 0 0 164 0 164 upazilas of Satkhira District of southern

Bangladesh WorldBank Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Aug-08 Jun-15 Jun-15 DDM 200 ECRRP-Disaster Risk Mitigation and 7655 0 7655 343 0 343 3479 0 3479

Reduction Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jun-12 Jan-10 DOC DOC

Livelihood improvement of the Garo 636 636 0 0 0 0 629 629 0 community Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline DOFish Apr-10 Poverty reduction and livelihood security Jun-16 for the people of economically depressed 7683 7683 0 989 989 0 6129 6129 0 areas DoForestry Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Mar-10 Dec-13

Poverty reduction through social forestry 4470 4470 0 598 598 0 3984 3984 0

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Jan-09 DPE EC EC EC Assisted School Feeding Programme 20213 7517 12697 4080 2416 1664 14291 2779 11511

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-14 Jul-10 WFP DPE DPE School feeding programme in poverty 1829 12155 157793 87575 70219 46265 27966 60716 60838 prone areas 9 4 Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Jun-13 Jun-13 Jan-10

DSS DSS Rehabilitation and Training Centre for Orphan Children, Mosa: Sabera Khatun 938 938 0 0 0 0 739 739 0 Islamia Shishu Residence IDA, World Bank IDA, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Jan-09 DSS Services for Children at Risk (SCAR) 8928 78 8849 576 10 566 1222 35 1187 201

Completed Completed Pipeline Pipeline Dec-11 Jun-13 Jun-13 DSS

Support services programme for the 2000 2000 0 0 0 0 1477 1477 0 vulnerable group SSVG 2nd part Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-12 DWA EU EU Food and Livelihood Security (FLS) 22333 540 21793 7078 72 7006 20489 283 20206

Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-11 Jan-07 DWA Vulnerable Group Development of ultra JICA 8154 209 7945 0 0 0 6969 183 6787 poor women (VGDUP)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

JatioMahila Sangstha Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Sep-15 Sep-15 Oct-08

Urban Based Marginal Women 1710 1710 0 409 409 0 977 977 0 Development Completed Completed Completed EU, UNDP Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jun-12 Jul-06 Jul-06 LGD Rural Employment Opportunity for public 11553 468 11085 0 0 0 6941 18 6923 Assets (REOPA) 202 Netherlands Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Dec-10

Jul-05 LGED LGED CDSP- Char Development & Settlement 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 project 3 Netherlands, IFAD Netherlands, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Dec-16 Dec-16 Jan-11 LGED

Char Development & Settlement Project- 17499 3742 13757 4002 811 3191 6759 1501 5258 4 Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-12 Jun-12 Jul-08 LGED LGED Enhancing Resilience under Bangladesh WFP 15042 4031 11012 0 0 0 13196 3688 9508 Country Programme Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-19 Jun-19 Jan-12 LGED IFAD IFAD

Infrastructure & Livelihood Improvement 1286 44093 11922 32171 15293 2424 17485 2664 14821 of living in Haor regions project. 9

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

UNDP,DFID Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-07 LGED LGED Project for Poverty alleviation through 1312 69223 4372 64851 13422 297 56413 1892 54521 urban participation 5

Ongoing Jun-17 Jun-17 Jul-13 LGED EU EU

Rural Employment and road 55062 40635 14428 9396 3925 5471 9396 3925 5471 Maintenance Program-2 (RERMP-2).

Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Mar-08 Jun-13 Jun-13 LGED

Rural Employment and Road 54413 54413 0 0 0 0 54162 54162 0 maintenance Programme (RERMP) DFID, EU, DFID, UNDP 203 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoDMR Ongoing Dec-14 Dec-14 Jan-10

Comprehensive Disaster Management 1122 35907 657 35250 11225 0 33315 175 33140 Programme (2nd Phase) 5

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-12 UNFPA MoSW Jul-10

Support Service Program for the Socially 642 0 642 0 0 0 558 0 558 Disadvantage Women and Girls

Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-12 Jul-12 PDBF Extension of Palli Daridro Bimochon

Foundation (PDBF) Activities for Poverty 20342 20342 0 3200 3200 0 5214 5214 0 Alleviation & Self Employment Action research project on 'Poverty Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

alleviation through RDA's IGA training Dec-15 Jul-09 RDA

and microcredit for livestock 4257 4257 0 1193 1193 0 3539 3539 0 management, bottling of biogas and organic manure production at monga areas'

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Dec-16 Jul-11 RDCD DFID

Char Livelihoods Improvement 1757 60849 910 59938 18028 451 63997 839 63158 Programme (CLP II) 7 Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-03 Jul-03 RDCD RDCD DFID DFID Char Livelihoods Programme - 1st revised 8164 447 7718 0 0 0 372 10 362 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Dec-14 Jul-09 RDCD

Comprehensive Village Development 9596 9596 0 2136 2136 0 6317 6317 0 Program 2nd phase

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-15 Jun-15 Jul-07 RDCD RDCD DFID DFID

204 Economic Empowerment of the Poorest 2167 77241 311 76931 21678 2 65076 200 64876 in Bangladesh 6

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-09 RDCD RDCD

16876 16876 One House One Farm 270304 270304 0 54927 54927 0 0 9 9

USAID, UNFPA USAID, nutrition programmes, building nutritionprogrammes, on the 10.1:Community based livelihood and Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 Jul-11 DGFP DGFP NationalNutrition Service (NNS) 10:Community based nutrition Information, Education and 2094 795 1300 1580 4 1576 2349 425 1924 Communication (FP) (HPNSDP-OP 23)

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline UNFPA Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGFP DGFP Maternal, Child, Reproductive and Adolescent Health (MCRAH) (HPNSDP-OP 11880 2705 9175 7706 1023 6683 11990 2085 9905 18) UNICEF,WHO Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS Community Based Health Care (CBHC) 21866 5461 16405 3441 932 2509 4959 1007 3952 (HPNSDP-OP 3)

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS

NNS-Community based Nutrition (CBN) 20723 800 19923 0 0 0 0 0 0 in selected area

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS

NNS-Consultancy Service 160 0 160 70 0 70 70 0 70

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS

NNS-Control & prevention of Anaemia 4798 800 3998 1000 0 1000 1000 0 1000

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS

NNS-Control of Iodine deficiency 2279 800 1480 20 0 20 20 0 20 Disorder 205

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS

NNS-Control of Vitamin-A deficiency 5824 1599 4225 5522 906 4616 5522 906 4616 disorder

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS

NNS-Establishment of nutrition Service in 5307 880 4428 61 0 61 61 0 61 CC & GMP

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS NNS-Food fortification (Salt Iodization,

fortification of oil/other food with 800 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vitamin ‘A’, iron etc.) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS

NNS-Food Quality and Food Safety 1359 160 1200 1200 0 1200 1200 0 1200

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS

NNS-Human resource development 5558 400 5158 4304 500 3804 4304 500 3804 (HRD)-HNPSP

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS NNS-Institutional Capacity Development

a) Orientation / Advocacy of 5987 800 5187 500 0 500 500 0 500

Division,District,Upazila managers. Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS

NNS-Multi sectoral collaboration 1274 480 794 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS WHO

NNS-National Nutrition Services 45109 10172 34938 7828 2522 5306 13841 4053 9789 (HPNSDP - OP 17) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS

NNS-Nutrition in emergency 2679 560 2119 15 0 15 15 0 15 206

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS NNS-Other Micronutrient problems of

Public Health importance ( zinc, vitamin 1257 640 617 30 0 30 30 0 30

‘D,’ calcium etc.) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing

NNS-Protection, Promotion & Support of Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS

Breastfeeding/ Infant and Young Child 2381 400 1981 1500 0 1500 1500 0 1500 Feeding (IYCF) including BFHI & BMS Code Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS

NNS-School Nutritional education 4678 640 4038 50 0 50 50 0 50 Program

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS Non-Communicable Diseases and other POOL public health intervention (NCD) 5314 1415 3899 4715 837 3878 5676 1248 4429 (HPNSDP-OP 7)-HNPSP UNIDO, EU UNIDO, Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing DOFish Dec-15 Strengthening of fisheries and Jul-10 aquaculture food safety and quality 9317 4963 4354 2151 1049 1102 6152 2200 3952 management system in Bangladesh

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Mar-10 Mar-13

ERD Protecting and Promoting Food Security and Nutrition for Families and Children in 5549 0 5549 0 0 0 2292 0 2292 Bangladesh UNICEF, IDA UNICEF, Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing MoHFW MoHFW Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-03 Micro Nutrient Supplementation-HNPSP 2623 688 1935 0 0 0 1855 299 1556

IDA, Netherlands, IDA, Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing MoHFW MoHFW Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-03 CIDA National Nutrition Programme NNP 48137 6538 41599 0 0 0 3731 1011 2720

207

homesteadgardening, rearing small livestock, 10.2:Support community based of efforts Completed Completed Completed Completed aquacultureand awareness buildingfor Ongoing Ongoing

Conservation & Improvement of Native Jun-11 Jul-06 DLS

Sheep Through Community Farming & 80 80 0 0 0 0 74 74 0 Commercial Farming Project (component B) improved nutrition USAID,FAO Ongoing Ongoing Sep-14 Improving food security of women and Oct-12 DLS

children by enhancing backyard and 2033 0 2033 855 0 855 855 0 855 small scale poultry production in the southern delta region Ongoing Nov-12 Oct-15 USAID MoFL MoFL Improve food and nutrition security by Integrated agriculture development in 3236 195 3041 1756 142 1614 1756 142 1614 selected southern region of Bangladesh

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

10.3:Link with long term immediate treatment of immediate treatment supplementary feeding supplementary Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing acute malnutrition, acute in Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS particular through NNS-Community & facility based therapeuticand

management of severe acute 1200 560 640 12 0 12 462 0 462 malnutrition (SAM) Ongoing Ongoing

Infrastructure Development and Jun-17 Jul-13 MOA

Strengthening of Bangladesh Institute of 8094 8094 0 1235 1235 0 1235 1235 0 Research and Training on Applied

Nutrition (BIRTAN) survey of survey food consumption & World Bank World 11.1:Undertake updated& 11: Orient food11: Orient and program throughnutrition data Ongoing Ongoing comprehensivenational Dec-17 Jul-13 BBS food composition

Development of Bangladesh Poverty 14590 726 13863 165 150 15 165 150 15 Database 208

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-09 BBS EU EU Nutritional surveillance component 640 4 636 186 0 186 599 0 599 and and advocacy,awareness changeeating in hab dietary diversification dietary & &educational materials supplementationneeds to facilitate behavioral to Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS

NNS-Nutrition Surveillance Program 3211 800 2411 0 0 0 555 270 285 its & its

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing MoFood Nov-11 Apr-13

Desirable Dietary pattern - BIRDEM, 29 0 29 0 0 0 29 0 29 Dhaka, 2012-13 Completed Completed MoFood MoFood Ongoing Ongoing Nov-11 Apr-13

Food Composition Table-INFS/CARS 36 0 36 0 0 0 36 0 36 Dhaka University-2012-13 209

11.3:Strengthen national in surveying capacities an Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-07 Jul-07 analysis analysis facilitate evidence to decisions based BBS

Agriculture Census Project-2007 401 401 0 0 0 0 170 170 0 Completed Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Jun-11 Jun-11 Jul-09 Jul-09

BBS BBS Assistance in the data processing and analysis of the Bangladesh census of 11 0 11 0 0 0 11 0 11 agriculture Completed Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-12 Jul-12 FAO BBS BBS

Harmonization and dissemination of 352 64 288 212 49 163 352 64 288 unified Agricultural Production Statistics Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing UNICEF Dec-11 Dec-11 Jul-07 Jul-07 BBS Monitoring the situation of Children and 587 25 562 0 0 0 478 17 461 Women (Phase 2) d

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing UNICEF Jun-14 Jun-14 Jan-12 BBS

Monitoring the situation of Children and 685 29 656 87 8 79 561 21 540 Women (Phase 3) Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS

NNS-Establishment of nutrition unit (NU) 2784 726 2058 639 45 595 1162 100 1062 and strengthening of existing NU Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS

NNS-Monitoring, Evaluation, Operations 1791 800 992 75 0 75 200 0 200 Research, Survey

WHO, POOL WHO, 210 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline Pipeline Jun-16 Jun-16 Jul-11 DGHS DGHS

Planning, Monitoring and Research 4238 800 3439 3774 760 3015 5100 1000 4100

Ongoing surveillance system of system surveillance Ongoing MoHFW Dec-15 food borne illnesses Jul-12 12: Food 12: and Improvement Quality Safety

12.1:Improve Improving Food Safety in Bangladesh 2480 0 2480 639 0 639 994 0 994

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoHFW MoHFW Dec-12 Jan-09

Improving Food Safety, Quality and Food EU 2055 272 1783 0 0 0 456 15 441 Control in Bangladesh laboratoriessystems and enhance capacities of enhancecapacities assurance and safety and assurance safety and control and food of Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Pipeline 12.2:Develop and Dec-14 Jul-12 for food for quality DLS

Livestock disease control and prevention 5045 5045 0 749 749 0 836 836 0 project Ongoing Ongoing MoHFW Dec-15 Jul-12

Improving Food Safety in Bangladesh 1653 0 1653 426 0 426 663 0 663

StatusCIP2011in StatusCIP2012in StatusCIP2013in StatusCIP2014in Subprogramme GoB Agency GoB Programme Start date

End date Project budget for Delivery Total delivery Status

the period Jul'10-Jun15 in FY 2013/14 since Jul'10 DP Project title

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoHFW MoHFW Dec-12 Jan-09

Improving Food Safety, Quality and Food EU 1370 181 1189 0 0 0 304 10 294 Control in Bangladesh Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing 12.3:Support development the modern a of foodcont Jun-14 Jun-14 Jul-10 BARI Development of safe vegetable

production technology utilizing municipal 919 919 0 154 154 0 919 919 0 organic waste in peri urban areas

Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Mar-11 DOFish Jun-14 Jun-14 Control of formalin use in fish

770 770 0 237 237 0 769 769 0 management system preservation and mass awareness

211 Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Mar-12 Apr-09 Apr-09

DPHE Strengthening capacity for water quality analysis and monitoring system in 2143 20 2123 0 0 0 2142 19 2123 Bangladesh

Ongoing Ongoing MoHFW Dec-15 Jul-12

Improving Food Safety in Bangladesh 4134 0 4134 1064 0 1064 1657 0 1657

Completed Completed Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing MoHFW MoHFW Dec-12 Jan-09

Improving Food Safety, Quality and Food EU 3425 453 2972 0 0 0 760 25 735 rol Control in Bangladesh

Annex 4.5: Projects in the CIP pipeline as of June 2014 Subprogramme IncludedCIPin IncludedCIPin IncludedCIPin IncludedCIPin Suggested DP GoB Agency GoB Programme Fund required by the project Fund required 2011? 2011? 2012? 2013? 2014? (Lakh taka) by 30th June 2015 Project title Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

1.1:Enhance & knowledge research generation ad and BARI

Enhancement of pulses research and Yes 2499 2499 0 1.4 1.4 0.0 development in Bangladesh

BARI Integrated agricultural development project Yes for Magura Jessore Narail Khulna Satkhira 1994 1994 0 1.1 1.1 0.0 (BARI part)

BARI BARI Strengthening of environmental stress Yes research for sustainable crop production in 1811 1811 0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1:Sustainable diversified and agriculture

andinsustainable a diversity manner the problem areas of Bangladesh BARI BARI 212

Strengthening of oilseed research and Yes 2485 2485 0 1.4 1.4 0.0 development in Bangladesh

BARI BARI Upgrading regional horticulture research Yes station, Comilla to regional agriculture 5467 5467 0 3.1 3.1 0.0 research station option to increase agricultural optionproductivity increase to

BJRI Development and Dissemination of Yes Yes Yes Yes Agricultural Technologies for Jute and 2429 2429 0 1.2 1.2 0.0 Allied Fiber Crops BRRI

Crop intensification in greater Sylhet region 0 0.0 (BRRI part)

BRRI Magura, Jessore, Narail, Khulna, Satkhira Integrated Agricultural Development 0 0.0 Project (BRRI part) BRRI Strengthening Rice Research Activities and 0 0.0

Subprogramme Included CIPin Included CIPin Included CIPin Included CIPin Suggested DP GoB Agency GoB Programme Fund required by the project Fund required 2011? 2011? 2012? 2013? 2014? (Lakh taka) by 30th June 2015 Project title Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

Outreach Stations Development of BRRI DoForestry WB, ADB, WB,

Establishment of Bangladesh Environmental JICA 10373 520 9853 14.9 0.7 14.2 Research and Training Institute

MoC

Strengthening and Capacity Building of 695 0 695 0.2 0.0 0.2 Bangladesh Tea Research Institute MoFood Govt. of Govt. Korea Korea LiDAR Survey of Costal Zone of Bangladesh 12750 0 12750 6.1 0.0 6.1 from Satkhira to Bhola District 213 1.2:Improve to extension services propagate

community-basedexperimentation & Technology development and dissemination knowledge practices, supported & by

BARI learning knowledge indigenous and

of homestead and field crops in char areas Yes 1481 1481 0 0.9 0.9 0.0 for income generation and poverty alleviation USAID/U DAE DAE Extension of Granular Urea Technology SDA 10413 0 10413 6.0 0.0 6.0 Project DWA

Empowerment of women through 0 0.0 technology transfer KOICA KOICA SFDF SFDF Capacity Building of the Small Farmers 3992 0 3992 2.9 0.0 2.9 Development Foundation

1.3:Promote development the of responses adapt to

BARC Adaptation to Climate Change and GIZ Rehabilitation of Livelihood in South-West 5285 15 5270 3.8 0.0 3.8 Bangladesh DAE DAE

systems change climate to Agricultural Adaptation in climate risk prone area of Bangladesh (Flood and 18665 6893 11772 26.9 9.9 16.9 Cyclone prone areas) DANIDA LGED Climate Change Adaptation project 14100 7050 7050 20.3 10.1 10.1

MoDMR 214

Construction of Relief Go downs in the 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0

disaster prone Districts

MoDMR MoDMR Establishment of Bangladesh Disaster Yes Yes Management Training and Research 14040 1000 13040 16.8 1.2 15.6 agricultural Institute RDA

Multipurpose use of sweet water for Yes Yes Yes 13800 10316 3484 19.9 14.8 5.0 climate victims for livelihood improvement indistribution and water systems 2.1:Improve management water 2:Improved management water Rain Water Harvesting in Hilly KOICA BARI BARI Creeks/Charas to Restore Sustainable 4029 400 3629 2.9 0.3 2.6 Agriculture Based Livelihoods in Hilly Areas at farm level at of Chittagong Hill Tracks BWDB

Ganges Barrage Project 0 0.0 BWDB

Technical Assistance Project for Flood 0 0.0 Management in Bangladesh

DoForestry WB, ADB ADB WB, Bangladesh Environmental Management through River Basin and Eco-village 106600 68 106532 153.4 0.1 153.3 Development

World Bank World DoForestry Water Pollution abatement for environment Protection in Greater Dhaka to 43500 0 43500 37.5 0.0 37.5 Chittagong

2.2:Improve efficiency & increase water surface of USAID BADC Surface water Irrigation Rehabilitation in the Southern Delta Region (Barisal part) of 1280 0 1280 0.8 0.0 0.8 Bangladesh BMDA

215 Livelihood Development of Char Dwellers through solar irrigation, Communication 19800 19800 0 7.1 7.1 0.0 Development and Sanitation Project BWDB

Chandpur-Comilla Integrated Flood Control, Yes Yes Yes Yes 11238 11238 0 16.2 16.2 0.0 Drainage and Irrigation Project the south the

BWDB Char Kukri-Mikri flood control, drainage and Yes Yes Yes prevention of saline water intrusion project 13261 13261 0 19.1 19.1 0.0 in the district of Bhola BWDB

Construction of Hatia Nijhumdip cross Dam

irrigation,in in particular Yes 9320 9320 0 13.4 13.4 0.0 at Hatia upazila in Naokhali

BWDB Construction of Sandwip Urir Char cross Yes dam project at Sandwip upazila in 68317 68317 0 98.3 98.3 0.0 Chittagong BWDB

Flood control and development of Yes Yes Yes 10440 10440 0 15.0 15.0 0.0 Kamrangir Char

BWDB Integrated water resources management of Yes Yes Yes Chalan Beel area including Beel Haloti 36405 36405 0 52.4 52.4 0.0 development project BWDB

Irrigation Management Improvement 0 0.0 Project (For Muhuri Irrigation Project (IMIP) BWDB

Yes Yes Yes Kurigram Irrigation Project (North Unit) 53700 53700 0 61.8 61.8 0.0 BWDB

Kurigram Irrigation Project (South Unit) II Yes 153726 153726 0 176.9 176.9 0.0 phase 216

BWDB IDB IDB Yes Yes North Rajshahi Irrigation Project 110054 0 110054 105.5 0.0 105.5 BWDB

Yes Yes Yes Re-excavation of Kumar river 5294 5294 0 7.6 7.6 0.0

BWDB Re-excavation/dredging of Mahananda river Yes Yes Yes from Khalgat to Nasipur at Sadar Upazila in 14580 14580 0 21.0 21.0 0.0 Chapai Nawabganj District 2.4:Enhance river water flow water the to BWDB South

Flood & River Bank Erosion Risk 0 0.0 Management Investment Program

3.1:Enhance of inputs, agricultural availability te BCIC BCIC

Ashugonj Fertilizer Yes Yes 960000 192000 768000 931.9 186.4 745.5 Project-II BCIC BCIC

BMR of TSP Complex Ltd. Yes Yes 65811 65811 0 47.3 47.3 0.0 (TSPCL)

Construction of 13 BCIC BCIC

(thirteen numbers of new buffer go downs

3: Improved 3: input and of quality soil fertility Yes Yes 4052 4052 0 5.8 5.8 0.0 at different districts for facilitating fertilizer distribution

BCIC Installation of Package Boiler and Cooling

217 Tower in DAP Fertilizer Factory Ltd. 14700 14700 0 10.6 10.6 0.0 (DAPFCL)

BCIC stedand for ofquality certified diversified crops

Installation of Urea Formaldehyde-85 (UF- 40000 40000 0 23.0 23.0 0.0 85) plant BCIC

North-West fertilizer project (NWFP) 657726 198526 459200 460.7 139.0 321.6

Setting up of a Modern, BCIC BCIC

energy efficient with higher capacity urea Yes Yes 800000 160000 640000 573.4 114.7 458.8 fertilizer factory in the vacant land of UFFL & PUFFL BCIC Sustaining the Installed JBIC Yes Yes rated production capacity by repairing of 47764 47764 0 34.3 34.3 0.0 Chittagong urea Fertilizer Ltd. (CUFL) BMDA

Enhancing seed producing capacity of Yes Yes Yes Yes 3416 3416 0 2.9 2.9 0.0 BMDA

4.1:Develop aquaculture, throughsmall scale acces BFDC

Establishment of fish landing centers in Yes 6443 6443 0 2.9 2.9 0.0 Haor and Baor area in Bangladesh BFRI BFRI

quality inputs, advice inputs, quality skills and Establishing Haor Fisheries Research Station Yes Yes Yes Yes in Kishoreganj and Beel Fisheries Research 16248 16248 0 17.5 17.5 0.0 Station in Gopalganj DOFish

Community base Baor fisheries Yes Yes Yes 10709 10709 0 15.4 15.4 0.0 management project

4: Fisheries and 4: aquaculture Development DOFish FAO Yes Feed the Future Aquaculture Project 4000 0 4000 5.8 0.0 5.8

DOFish 218

Neemgasi community based aquaculture Yes 3364 3364 0 1.9 1.9 0.0 project

DOFish IDB IDB s s to Yes Value added fish product project 2500 0 2500 2.7 0.0 2.7

BWDB 4.2:Improve management fisheries of

Haor Flood Management and Livelihood 0 0.0 Improvement Project DOFish

Establishment of brood bank project (3rd Yes 8539 8539 0 2.5 2.5 0.0 phase) resources

DOFish

Fisheries development in greater Jessore Yes 8860 8860 0 2.5 2.5 0.0 project

DOFish

Fisheries development in rangpur division Yes 5052 5052 0 2.9 2.9 0.0 project

DOFis WB h Yes Sustainable Management and Value Chain 160000 157789 2211 65.7 64.8 0.9

Development in Fisheries Sector LGED Haor Flood Management and Livelihood IDB 80870 80172 698 16.6 16.5 0.1 Increment project development community sustainable shrimpand through

DOFish Building trade apathy of Small scale shrimp prawn FAO FAO and and prawn farmers in Bangladesh - Yes 455 0 455 0.7 0.0 0.7 investing in the bottom of the pyramid approach surveillance systems to 5.1: Strengthen 5.1: animal BARI mitigate disease

including better better including Strengthening of Vertebrate pest research health services,

diagnosisand Yes 2000 2000 0 1.2 1.2 0.0

outbreaks and development in Bangladesh 219

DOFish Strengthening National Capacity to Respond FAO

to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Yes 1626 0 1626 2.3 0.0 2.3 and Emerging and Re-emerging Disease in Bangladesh 5:Livestock development basedimproved household level knowledge and community community capacity at capacity husbandry through DLS DLS Small scale dairy farm development in the IDB Yes 6194 0 6194 6.7 0.0 6.7 dairy pocket area in Bangladesh 5.3:Improve availabilityand BMPCUL public private partnerships publicprivate Govt. of Govt. Belarus Belarus quality ofquality through inputs Development of Veterinary Drug Wing of Essential Drug Company Ltd (EDCL) at 30177 0 30177 21.7 0.0 21.7 Gopalgonj BMPCUL Govt. of of Govt. Belarus Establishment of Cattle Feed Industry at 3228 0 3228 2.3 0.0 2.3 Subornochar, Noakhali BMPC Govt. Govt. Belar UL us of

Establishment of Milk Product 4000 0 4000 2.9 0.0 2.9

Diversification Plant at Mirpur, Dhaka BMPCUL Govt. of Govt. Belarus Establishment of Pasteurization Plant at 5000 0 5000 3.6 0.0 3.6 Tangail and Patia

BMPCUL Govt. of of Govt. Belarus Establishment of Powder Milk Plant at 10000 0 10000 7.2 0.0 7.2 Baghabari, Sirajgonj

BMPCUL Govt. of Govt. Belarus Expansion of Pasteurization Plant of Milk 5237 0 5237 3.8 0.0 3.8 Union at Tekerhat, Madaripur

BMPCUL Govt. of Govt. Modernization and BMRE of Frozen semen Belarus Laboratory of Milk Union at Baghabari, 3958 0 3958 2.8 0.0 2.8 220 shajadpur, Sirajgonj MilkVita

Establishment of Super Instant Milk Plant at 1875 1875 0 1.1 1.1 0.0 Baghabarighat, Sriajgonj

BLRI 5.4:Research on development, livestock

Establishment of dairy research Yes 6259 6259 0 5.4 5.4 0.0 development center project includingimprovement genetic BLRI

Red cattle development and conservation Yes 2488 2488 0 2.1 2.1 0.0 (2nd phase) BMPCUL Govt. of of Govt. Belarus Establishment of Cattle breeding laboratory 3987 0 3987 2.9 0.0 2.9 at Roypur, Laxmipur

DLS DLS

Breed Up gradation Through Progeny Test Yes 4413 4413 0 2.5 2.5 0.0 Project phase III DLS

Establishment of livestock diploma institute Yes 28402 28402 0 27.2 27.2 0.0 project

DLS DLS

Khulna regional livestock development Yes 8148 8148 0 4.7 4.7 0.0 project MilkVita

Establishment of Milk Plant for Enhancing 800 800 0 0.5 0.5 0.0 Milk Production at Patiya, Chittagong

DAM DAM Agricultural market infrastructure FAO 6.1:Improve markets, facilitiesto access physical Yes Yes 990 0 990 1.4 0.0 1.4 development project

DAM DAM Ensuring Sustainable Agricultural IDB Development through Access of Market and 11920 560 11360 7.1 0.3 6.8 Finance 6: Improved markets 6: to access 221 KOICA KOICA DAM DAM Establishment of Agricultural system,

4029 400 3629 2.9 0.3 2.6 market, information and centers KOICA KOICA DAM DAM Modernization of the establishment of e- governance system at Department of 3318 330 2988 2.4 0.2 2.1 agriculture Marketing DAM DAM

Strengthening capacity building of DAM in FAO research and policy agricultural marketing 980 0 980 0.6 0.0 0.6

andinformation information Iran DLS DLS Establishment of Slaughter House at Upazila 11879 0 11879 5.7 0.0 5.7 level LGED LGED Rural Access Road Improvement Project in IDB 20375 4075 16300 17.6 3.5 14.1 Sylhet Division

groupsimproved for market 6.2:Mobilize promoteand BSCIC access and knowledge and access producer & marketing

Poverty Reduction through Inclusing & EU 36396 11333 25063 5.5 1.7 3.8 Sustainable Market (PRISM) DOC DOC

Development of cooperatives based direct Yes Yes Yes 2145 2145 0 3.1 3.1 0.0 marketing system of agricultural products valueaddition reducewaste throughand public- 6.3:Develop processing storage, adequate and DAM

Ensuring food security through enhancing FAO value addition and activities of agricultural 990 0 990 0.9 0.0 0.9 commodities in 10 selected districts 222

private partnerships private Ensuring food security through enhancing

DAM DAM

value addition and processing activities of Yes Yes 5240 5240 0 4.4 4.4 0.0 agricultural commodities in 10 selected districts

Go down, wholesale market infrastructure DAM DAM

of agricultural product and 6 regional Yes Yes 2340 2340 0 3.4 3.4 0.0 training center renovation and preservation program (Bangla) DAM DAM Improving Marketing efficiency through FAO 1000 0 1000 0.6 0.0 0.6 value chain linkage in 06 selected districts off farm activities offfarm Govt. of Govt. 6. Belarus developmentof BRDB 4: Promote 4: and

businesses Rural Entrepreneurship Development assist assist the and rural 68000 6800 61200 32.6 3.3 29.3 Project

DAM Agricultural marketing extension service FAO

Yes Yes 980 0 980 1.4 0.0 1.4 development project

DOC DOC

Livelihood improvement of the Yes Yes Yes 6557 6557 0 9.4 9.4 0.0 disadvantaged women DoFish DoFish USAID USAID Climate Resilient Ecosystem and Livelihoods 10410 0 10410 7.5 0.0 7.5 (CREI) (DoF part) World Bank World

LGED Strengthening Women's Ability for Productive new Opportunities (SWAPNO) 83200 20800 62400 23.9 6.0 17.9 Project

Govt. of of Govt. Belarus

RDA Enhancement of Coastal Livelihood through Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) 6302 300 6002 2.3 0.1 2.2

223 Development Govt. of of Govt. Belarus RDA Rural Entrepreneurship Development 2022 7 2015 1.9 0.0 1.9 Project

KOICA SFDF SFDF Production, Employment and Income Generation Programme for the Small 2905 0 2905 2.6 0.0 2.6 Farmers of Bangladesh monitoringof operations CIP monitoring NFP of CIP and 7.2:Strengthen national 7:Implementation and capacities for capacities design, implementationand MoFood MoFood actions

Meeting the Undernourishment Challenge Yes Yes Yes Yes 13900 0 13900 3.1 0.0 3.1 Program

developmentand contribute to CIP to contribute capacities of capacities civil organizations to to organizations implementation Govt. of Belarus Govt. 7. 3: Strengthen 3: society society

RDA RDA Advocacy on Family Planning, training and Post training support for Employment and 1395 300 1095 0.7 0.1 0.5 Empowerment of Rural women

Managementand managefood the Ministry of Ministry Food Food better to Govt. of Korea Govt. Directorate of Directorate 8: Enhanced 8: PublicSystems Management Food capacities of capacities and Disaster

DDM Establishment of National Disaster Management Research and Training 14040 1000 13040 10.1 0.7 9.4 Institute 224 facilities,including in disaster 8.3:Increase and modernize publicstorage and handling DDM Procurement of 4 Helicopters for Relief

Distribution and Rescure Operation During 60000 0 60000 28.8 0.0 28.8 and after Disasters proneareas

DDM Procurement of Rescue Equipments for Rescue Operation for Earthquake and other 13000 0 13000 7.0 0.0 7.0 Disasters MoFood

Bangladesh Modern Food Storage Facilities WB Yes 191997 4335 187662 63.6 1.4 62.1 Project

and formulate operate social programmes programmes 9: Effective safety nets safety integrated integrated safety net safety a new a DDM

Bangladesh Safety net Systems for the Yes 347500 0 347500 211.0 0.0 211.0 Poorest Project

DDM

Enhancing community resilience to climate 20000 11000 9000 14.4 7.9 6.5 variability and natural disasters tbd tbd

Capacity development and institutional Yes Yes Yes Yes 35000 5000 30000 50.4 7.2 43.2 strengthening for more effective safety nets 9.2: Investment in 9.2:employment Investment and income generation BRDB

Employment Guarantee Scheme for Poor of 9488 9488 0 3.4 3.4 0.0 Northern Region-2nd phase 225 DOC DOC

Livelihood Improvement of the Indigenous Yes Yes 3635 3635 0 5.2 5.2 0.0 Community through Cooperatives DWA Investment component for vulnerable WFP

nets (including nets ADP) in 4340 1017 3323 3.6 0.8 2.7 group Development program

DWA Provide IGA Training and supply productive asset in River Erosion Aila and Sidr affected 0 0.0 areas UNDP GED Social Protection Policy Support Programs 5700 100 5600 3.1 0.1 3.0

of social safety ofsafety social Action research project on construction of

RDA cooperative base Multi-storied "Palli Janapad" housing with modern urban 42434 42434 0 20.3 20.3 0.0 Amenities for Livelihood Improvement of the rural people

RDCD RDCD

Comprehensive Village Development Yes Yes Yes 15000 15000 0 21.6 21.6 0.0 Program 3rd phase SFDF SFDF

Livelihood Improvement of Ethnic and Yes Yes 6562 6562 0 9.4 9.4 0.0 Marginal Population 10.1:Community based livelihood nutrition and progr DoFish DoFish

Integrated Agriculture Interventions for FAO Yes Improved Food and Nutrition Security in 3426 0 3426 4.3 0.0 4.3 Selected Districts of Southern Bangladesh WFP DPE National School Feeding Program 1000 1000 0 0.2 0.2 0.0

WFP WFP DPE

226 Technical assistance for preparation of

NationalNutrition Service (NNS) 100 0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 10:Community based nutrition national school feeding Program Policy

UNICEF

DWA Early child care and development support project change: Early learning for child 2500 800 1700 1.8 0.6 1.2 development (2nd phase) Labor&Emp.M Promotion of Reproductive Health,

Reproductive Rights, Health Education, 1845 530 1315 0.7 0.2 0.5 Gender Equality and Prevention of HID/AIDS in Tea Communities (2nd revised) ammes, building ammes, onthe

MoFood

Institutionalization of Food Safety in 3498 50 3448 1.9 0.0 1.9 Bangladesh for Safer Food

MoSW MoSW Poverty reduction of underprivileged poor

people in the backward areas of the country Yes Yes Yes 8319 8319 0 11.6 11.6 0.0 through self employment generation project

foodconsumption nationalof survey 11.1:Undertake comprehensive composition 11: Orient food11: Orient and program nutrition updated& &food MoPA Strengthening Poverty Statistics in WB 694 694 0 0.3 0.3 0.0 Bangladesh (SPSB) Project

through data capacities in capacities surveying and 11.3:Strengthen national evidencebased decisions analysis facilitate to Health&Nutrition

Learning platform for the Safe Motherhood

Promotion Projects (SMPP) on maternal and 0 0.0 neonatal health in Brahmanbaria district, Bangladesh 227

surveillance system system surveillance

12.1:Improve offoodborne 12:Food Quality and ImprovementSafety illnesses illnesses tbd

Improve surveillance system of food borne Yes Yes Yes Yes 8500 0 8500 12.2 0.0 12.2 illnesses capacities of capacities laboratories and 12.2:Develop enhance and assurance and safety and and assurance safety systems for food systems quality control of control food LGED

Capacity building of Environmental JICA Laboratories and Environmental unit of 5860 5160 700 1.4 1.2 0.2 LGED

management system modern foodcontrol developmentof a 12.3:Support the

Programmes aiming to Support the tbd tbd Yes Yes development of a modern food control 2989 0 2989 4.3 0.0 4.3 management system

228

Annex 4.6: Development partners’ contribution and commitments in the CIP Annex 4.6a: DPs Contributions through ADP 2015 as of June 2014 Change Change bechangetweenCIP 2015 and

Food Availability Food Access Food Utilization Revision on CIP 2014 in CIP 2015 3. 3. Improved quality of inputs and 9.Institutional Development and 5. 5. Livestock development, with a value addition in agriculture and Budget beyondCIP period implementation and monitoring management and infrastructure Capacity Development for more 10. 10. Community based nutrition agriculture through integrated 6. 6. Improved access to market, 7. 7. Strengthened capacities for 1. 1. Sustainable and diversified 11. 11. Orient andfood nutrition 4. 4. Fisheries andaquaculture 2. 2. Improved water resource 12. Food 12. Food safety and quality focus on poultry and dairy programmes and services Addition CIP2015 8. 8. Enhanced public food research and extension for irrigation purposes of andCIP NFP actions management system actions through data Total CIP 2015 effective safety nets subtotal Availability subtotal Utilization non farmnon incomes subtotal Access CIP CIP 2014 improvement development soil fertility production

ADB 9.0 42.7 22.0 - 5.1 78.8 364.5 0.3 - - 364.9 - - - - 443.7 64.2 0.1 64.1 289.8 China - - 560.0 - - 560.0 ------560.0 0.0 0.0 -

DANIDA 20.9 - - 7.3 9.7 37.9 7.9 - - - 7.9 - - - - 45.9 11.2 11.2 24.1

DFAT - - - - 13.4 13.4 - - - 11.3 11.3 - - - - 24.8 2.4 2.6 (0.2) 5.9 DFID 95.4 - - - 105.8 201.3 37.4 - - 205.1 242.5 125.0 - - 125.0 568.7 18.1 18.1 111.5 229 EKN - 105.0 - - - 105.0 - - - 6.5 6.5 - - - - 111.5 20.7 6.5 14.2 44.5

EU 15.2 - 13.7 0.1 0.2 29.1 - 2.6 - 52.1 54.7 31.0 7.6 8.2 46.8 130.6 3.5 3.5 -

FAO 0.7 - - - - 0.7 ------0.7 (0.6) (0.6) -

GAFSP 5.5 - 0.4 0.1 - 5.9 - 3.5 - - 3.5 - - - - 9.5 (40.5) (40.5) 1.7

GIZ 8.2 - 9.2 - - 17.4 ------17.4 0.4 0.4 1.4

IDB 10.3 - 28.6 2.9 - 41.8 3.2 - - - 3.2 - - - - 45.1 (9.5) (9.5) 15.4

IFAD 66.7 17.7 - 19.0 - 103.4 40.7 - - - 40.7 - - - - 144.1 24.1 24.1 104.1

Italy ------2.7 - - - 2.7 - - - - 2.7 (0.3) (0.3) 0.3

JICA - 55.3 - - 1.6 56.9 249.7 - 3.1 - 252.8 - - - - 309.8 54.8 86.6 (31.8) 156.9 Norway 15.2 - - - - 15.2 ------15.2 0.0 0.0 -

SDC 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.4 - 1.6 10.6 - - - 10.6 - - - - 12.2 (4.5) (4.5) 3.4

Spain ------11.2 - - 11.2 11.2 0.0 0.0 18.8

UNDP 8.1 - - - - 8.1 - 1.3 - 2.2 3.5 1.5 - - 1.5 13.1 3.3 1.8 1.5 1.9 UNICEF ------20.2 - - 20.2 20.2 (0.6) (0.6) 5.0

USAID 8.0 - - - 2.5 10.5 13.0 10.4 - - 23.4 8.7 - - 8.7 42.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

WFP ------(9.9) (9.9) -

World 72.1 84.5 30.8 - 16.0 203.5 115.0 - 42.7 258.9 416.7 - - - - 620.1 122.9 393.9 Bank 157.2 34.3 Total 1,490. 1,444. 336.0 305.2 665.2 29.7 154.4 844.8 18.1 45.9 536.1 197.6 7.6 8.2 213.4 3,149 220.5 1,180 6 9 295.6 75.1 Share on 100.0 10.7% 9.7% 21.1% 0.9% 4.9% 47.3% 26.8% 0.6% 1.5% 17.0% 45.9% 6.3% 0.2% 0.3% 6.8% total %

Annex 4.6b: DPs Contributions Outside ADP as of June 2014 Change Change between CIP 2015 and CIP 2014 Food Availability Food Access Food Utilization Revision on CIP 2014 in CIP 2015 managementand infrastructurefor implementation and monitoring of 3. 3. Improved quality of inputs and 9. 9. Institutional Development and 5.Livestock development, with a value addition in agriculture and Budget beyondCIP period Capacity Development for more 10. 10. Community based nutrition agriculturethrough integrated 6. 6. Improved access to market, 7. 7. Strengthened capacities for 1.Sustainable and diversified 11. 11. Orientfood and nutrition 4.Fisheries and aquaculture 2. 2. Improved water resource 12.Food safety and quality focus on poultry and dairy programmes and services 8. 8. Enhanced public food Addition CIP2015 research and extension management system actions through data Total CIP 2015 effective safety nets subtotal Availability NFP and CIP actions subtotal Utilization irrigation purposes non farmnon incomes subtotal Access improvement development soil fertility production

ADB - - 25.1 - - 25.1 ------25.1 (0.2) (0.2) -

DANIDA - - - - 3.2 3.2 2.7 - - - 2.7 - - - - 5.9 5.9 5.9 11.0

DFAT ------41.6 41.6 - - - - 41.6 (24.2) (24.2) 6.0

230 DFID 9.0 - - - 294.6 303.6 8.6 - - 77.8 86.5 - - - - 390.1 186.5 27.1 159.4 99.4 EKN 15.5 - - - - 15.5 5.9 - - - 5.9 2.0 - 10.7 12.7 34.0 8.3 8.3 14.7

EU 17.1 - - - 1.0 18.1 1.5 - - 35.5 37.0 9.4 - - 9.4 64.4 0.0 0.0 -

FAO ------0.4 - 0.4 0.4 (0.5) (0.5) -

IFAD ------32.8 - - - 32.8 - - - - 32.8 0.0 0.0 -

JICA ------20.9 - 20.9 - - - - 20.9 (3.4) (3.4) 3.8

Norway 0.5 - - - - 0.5 ------0.5 0.0 0.0 -

SDC 1.4 - 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.1 8.2 - - - 8.2 - - - - 10.3 0.9 0.9 -

UNDP ------1.2 1.2 - - - - 1.2 (0.0) (0.0) -

USAID 86.6 - 18.3 37.1 22.4 164.3 42.6 23.1 - - 65.7 119.9 - 2.4 122.3 352.4 (28.9) (28.9) 114.1

WFP ------(59.1) (59.1) -

Total 130.0 - 43.6 37.2 321.6 532.4 102.3 23.1 20.9 156.1 302.3 131.3 0.4 13.1 144.7 979 85.2 27.1 58.1 249 Share 13.3% 0.0% 4.4% 3.8% 32.8% 54.4% 10.4% 2.4% 2.1% 15.9% 30.9% 13.4% 0.0% 1.3% 14.8% 100% of Total

Annex 4.6c: DPs Contributions Future 2015 Change Change between CIP 2015 and CIP 2014

Food Availability Food Access Food Utilization Revisionon CIP 2014 in CIP 2015 Budget beyond CIP period 3. 3. Improved quality of inputs and 9. 9. Institutional Development and 5. 5. Livestockdevelopment, with a value additionvalue in agriculture and implementation and monitoring management and infrastructure Capacity Development for more 10. 10. Community based nutrition agriculture throughintegrated 6. 6. Improved access tomarket, 7. 7. Strengthened capacities for 1. 1. Sustainable and diversified 11. Orient food and nutrition 4. 4. Fisheries and aquaculture 2.Improved water resource 12. Food 12. Food safety and quality focus on poultry and dairy programmes and services Addition CIP 2015 8. 8. Enhanced public food research and extension of of NFP and CIP actions for irrigation purposes Total CIP 2015 management system actions through data effective effective safety nets subtotal Availability subtotal Utilization non farmnon incomes subtotalAccess improvement development soil fertility production

ADB - 45.4 - - - 45.4 209.1 - - - 209.1 - - - - 254.4 (207.1) (207.1) 461.6

China ------0.0 0.0 -

DANIDA 19.6 - - - 2.2 21.9 2.2 - - - 2.2 - - - - 24.0 (13.7) (13.7) 37.8

DFAT - - - - 5.8 5.8 - - - 19.7 19.7 - - - - 25.5 17.4 2.9 14.5 8.1 DFID ------8.7 - - - 8.7 69.2 - - 69.2 77.9 54.7 54.7 23.2

EKN - 2.8 - - - 2.8 ------2.8 (9.8) (9.8) 12.5

231 EU ------3.3 - - 3.3 7.0 0.5 - 7.5 10.8 (22.3) (22.3) 33.1

FAO 0.3 - - 0.5 - 0.7 ------0.7 0.7 0.7 -

GAFSP 5.9 - 2.5 1.8 - 10.2 - 1.8 - - 1.8 - - - - 12.1 9.3 9.3 2.8

GIZ ------0.0 0.0 -

IDB 6.6 - 21.1 6.8 - 34.5 ------34.5 18.3 18.3 16.2

IFAD ------4.8 - - - 4.8 - - - - 4.8 (45.4) (45.4) 50.2

Italy ------0.0 0.0 -

JICA - 19.5 - - - 19.5 126.5 - 16.0 - 142.5 - - - - 162.0 11.7 83.7 (71.9) 150.3 Norway ------0.0 0.0 -

SDC ------9.1 - - - 9.1 - - - - 9.1 9.1 9.1 -

Spain ------0.0 0.0 -

UNDP ------0.9 0.9 - - - - 0.9 (2.7) 0.9 (3.6) 3.6 NICEF ------0.0 0.0 -

USAID 4.5 - 2.8 3.4 0.4 11.1 13.1 12.5 - - 25.6 2.8 0.9 - 3.6 40.3 (15.7) (15.7) 56.0

WFP ------0.0 0.0 -

World Bank 214.0 - - - - 214.0 200.0 - - 193.2 393.2 - - - - 607.2 300.3 300.3 306.8

Total 250.9 67.6 26.5 12.4 8.4 365.8 573.5 17.6 16.0 213.8 820.9 78.9 1.4 - 80.3 1,267 105.0 87.5 17.5 1,162 Share on 19.8% 5.3% 2.1% 1.0% 0.7% 28.9% 45.3% 1.4% 1.3% 16.9% 64.8% 6.2% 0.1% 0.0% 6.3% 100% total

Published by Food Planning and Monitoring Unit Ministry of Food Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

with technical and financial support by

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations