Environmental Enrichment and Exercise Are Better Than Social
Environmental enrichment and exercise are better than PNAS PLUS social enrichment to reduce memory deficits in amyloid beta neurotoxicity Mariza G. Prado Limaa, Helen L. Schimidtb, Alexandre Garciaa, Letícia R. Daréa, Felipe P. Carpesb, Ivan Izquierdoc,1, and Pâmela B. Mello-Carpesa,1 aPhysiology Research Group, Stress, Memory and Behavior Lab, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; bApplied Neuromechanics Group, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; and cMemory Center, Brain Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil Contributed by Ivan Izquierdo, January 24, 2018 (sent for review October 24, 2017; reviewed by Michel Baudry and Federico Bermudez-Rattoni) Recently, nongenetic animal models to study the onset and devel- the administration of Aβ protein oligomers (14, 15). However, opment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have appeared, such as the EE as used in animal research usually includes other variables intrahippocampal infusion of peptides present in Alzheimer amyloid than perception and memorization, which make it difficult to plaques [i.e., amyloid-β (Aβ)]. Nonpharmacological approaches to determine the nature of its eventually favorable effects. Animals AD treatment also have been advanced recently, which involve exposed to EE are maintained for long periods in large boxes combinations of behavioral interventions whose specific effects with other conspecifics to promote interaction and socialization are often difficult to determine. Here we isolate the neuroprotective (16). The presence of conspecifics constitutes social enrichment effects of three of these interventions—environmental enrichment (SE), which induces social interactions. Furthermore, activity — (EE), anaerobic physical exercise (AnPE), and social enrichment (SE) wheels, tunnels, and toys that are made available in the boxes β on A -induced oxidative stress and on impairments in learning and used to study EE induce intermittent physical exercise, which is memory induced by Aβ.
[Show full text]