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Historical and Architectural Survey of Western Laurens County, South Carolina

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Historical and Architectural Survey of Western Laurens County, South Carolina HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY OF WESTERN LAURENS COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA TRC Columbia, South Carolina HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY OF WESTERN LAURENS COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA FINAL REPORT Submitted to: County of Laurens P.O. Box 445 3 Catherine Street Laurens, South Carolina 29360 Submitted by: TRC 621 Chatham Avenue, 2nd Floor Columbia, South Carolina 29205 Project # 33367 ______________________________________________________ Jennifer S. Revels, M.A., Principal Investigator Authored by Mary Sherrer and Jennifer Revels May 2002 The activity that is the subject of this report has been financed, in part, with Federal funds from the National Park Services, U.S. Department of the Interior, and administered by the South Carolina Department of Archives and History. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior. This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U. S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington DC 20240. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dan Vivian and Brad Sauls from the South Carolina Department of Archives and History were extremely helpful in their advice and aid throughout the course of the project. Several Laurens County residents were interviewed about their properties and offered information about the surrounding area. Sarah L. Armstrong of Gray Court was particularly generous with her time and knowledge of the area and the town. Stella Wallace also offered her time and a tour of the Wallace plantation. Lilly Williams-Tims and Sarah Lanahan were helpful sources of information about the town of Laurens and its history. Professional contacts in the town of Laurens were invaluable in finding photographs, identifying properties, and understanding the developmental history of the county. Elaine Marin of the Laurens County Library contributed her time and knowledge, and the excellent resources of the library South Carolina Room. Libby Rhodes of the Laurens Advertiser was a helpful source of information regarding the town of Laurens, and its neighborhoods and residents. Jenny Boulware of Main Street Laurens generously shared her resources and knowledge. Western Laurens County ii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................................... II FIGURES I. PROJECT SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................1 II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................2 III. SURVEY METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................3 IV. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................5 Summary ..............................................................................................................................................5 Physical Description of Western Laurens County ...............................................................................5 Cherokee Occupation ...........................................................................................................................6 Settlement and the Revolutionary War (1740–1785)...........................................................................6 County Establishment and Growth (1785–1865).................................................................................8 Community Growth, Industrial Expansion (1865–1930s) .................................................................17 Post-World War II Development .......................................................................................................27 Rural Architecture in Laurens County ...............................................................................................29 Dogtrots and Double Pen Houses..............................................................................................31 The I-House...............................................................................................................................33 Queen Anne...............................................................................................................................42 Urban Architecture in Laurens County ..............................................................................................49 Waterloo ....................................................................................................................................49 Gray Court.................................................................................................................................53 Laurens ......................................................................................................................................59 Laurens Historic District Extension ..........................................................................................62 South Harper Street Historic District Extension……………………………………………….65 Laurens Cotton Mill Historic District........................................................................................67 V. BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................................................71 VI. DATA GAPS........................................................................................................................................78 VII. RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................................79 Rural Resources..................................................................................................................................79 Waterloo.............................................................................................................................................79 Gray Court..........................................................................................................................................79 Local Preservation Recommendations ...............................................................................................80 Laurens...............................................................................................................................................81 Local Preservation Recommendations ...............................................................................................82 Adaptive Reuse of the Laurens County Courthouse ..........................................................................84 VIII. PROPERTIES DETERMINED ELIGIBLE FOR THE NATIONAL REGISTER IX. COMPILED PROPERTY INVENTORY Western Laurens County iii FIGURES Laurens County Courthouse ca. 1910…………………………………………………..Cover 1. “The Bee Hive” or “Martin’s Store”…………………………………………………………….11 2. Wallace House ca. 1860…………………………………………………………………………15 3. Owings Depot …………………………………………………………………………………...21 4. Laurens Cotton Mill shortly after its construction………………………………………………22 5. Laurens Glass Company ca. 1910……………………………………………………………….23 6. Gin Complex in Waterloo……………………………………………………………………….25 7. Warrior Creek School……………………………………………………………………………26 8. Ora School……………………………………………………………………………………….26 9. Pre-Railroad Vernacular Housing Styles………………………………………………………...30 10. Dogtrot Slave Structure from Hunter Plantation (Site 0308)………………………....……….. 31 11. Frame Dogtrot House (Site 0231)……………………………………………………………... 31 12. Tenant House (Site 0163)……………………………………………………………....…....…32 13. Saddlebag Tenant House (Site 0224)……………………………………………………...……32 14. Martin House……………………………………………………………………………………36 15. Mahon House……………………………………………………………………………………36 16. Site 0284…………………………………………………………………………………...……37 17. L. Blakely House………………………………………………………………………...……...37 18. Hellams House…………………………………………………………………………....……..38 19. Site 0135………………………………………………………………………………………...39 20. Site 0288………………………………………………………………………………………...39 21. Site 0137………………………………………………………………………………………...41 22. Site 0124………………………………………………………………………………………...41 23. Site 0257………………………………………………………………………………………...41 24. The Meares House………………………………………………………………………………43 25. Site 0324………………………………………………………………………………………...43 26. Site 0173………………………………………………………………………………………...43 27. Site 0121………………………………………………………………………………………...44 28. Site 0164………………………………………………………………………………………...44 29. Site 0163………………………………………………………………………………………...45 30. Site 0289………………………………………………………………………………………...45 31. Site 0125………………………………………………………………………………………...46 32. Site 0207………………………………………………………………………………………...46 33. Site 0189………………………………………………………………………………………...47 34. Site 0229………………………………………………………………………………………...47 35. Site 0294………………………………………………………………………………………...48 36. Bank of Waterloo……………………………………………………………..………...……….49 37. McNeill’s General Store…………………………………………………….…………...……...50 38. E.F. Golding General Merchandise
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