SAV species list eak ap e - Hornwort - Ceratophyllum demersum - Southern naiad - Najas guadalupensis es Ba Cd Ngd h y - - Callitriche sp. - - Najas minor C Cal Water starwort Nm Spiny naiad Egd - Brazilian waterweed - Egeria densa Px - Unknown pondweed - Potamogeton sp. Ex - Unknown waterweed - Elodea sp. Pc - Curly pondweed - Potamogeton crispus Ec - Common waterweed - Elodea canadensis Pe - Leafy pondweed - Potamogeton epihydrus En - Western waterweed - Elodea nuttallii Pi - Illinois pondweed - Potamogeton illinoensis SAV Hd - Water stargrass - Heteranthera dubia Pn - American pondweed - Potamogeton nodosus Hv - Hydrilla - Hydrilla verticillata Ppf - Redhead grass - Potamogeton perfoliatus Watchershe Mx - Unknown milfoil - Myriophyllum sp. Ppu - Slender pondweed - Potamogeton pusillus Mh - Low watermilfoil - Myriophyllum humile Rm - Widgeongrass - Ruppia maritima Ma - Parrot feather milfoil - Myriophyllum Sp - Sago pondweed - Stuckenia pectinata brasiliense/aquaticum Ut - Bladderwort - Utricularia Ms - Eurasian watermilfoil - Myriophyllum Va - Wild celery - Vallisneria americana spicatum Zm - Eelgrass - Zostera marina Nx - Unknown naiad - Najas sp. Zp - Horned pondweed - Zannichellia palustris 0ƃ - Northern naiad - >>Ãyi݈ˆÃ U - Unknown species Pocket Field Guide Ngr - Slender naiad - Najas gracillima 2

Tier 1 monitoring parameters Hornwort Cd Ceratophyllum demersum Location: Freshwater tributaries

Basic observer and site information General ID: Lacks true roots, but stems can grow up to 3 m long. Photo required (if present) Brittle, stiff leaves grow in whorls of SAV species 9 or 10. Whorls are denser toward the end of the stem. Leaves fork into ˆ˜i>À]y>ÌÃi}“i˜Ìðˆ˜iÌiiÌ }ÀœÜ on one side of the leaf margin. Similar morphology: Eurasian watermilfoil Fun facts: • Neither a dicot nor a eudicot, but is closely related to eudicots • Found in all 50 states • Most often found in slow-moving waters Oligohaline

Order Ceratophyllales • Family Ceratophyllaceae 4 6 Sampling in the Chesapeake Bay Field packing list WV Tier 1 Tier 2 Salinity Zones MD & On-site reporting • Datasheets • Pencils Sampling Guidelines • Smartphone equipped with the • Dry erase marker Water Reporter app DC • Clipboard Oligohaline DE • SAV species guide • SAV species guide & • *œVŽiÌwi`}Ո`i August and September Off-site reporting • Watch or clock • Paper • Camera VA • Pencil • GPS-enabled device Mesohaline • Watch or Clock • 8” Secchi disk with attached & • Camera Mid-July to mid-August • GPS-enabled device measuring tape • SAV species guide • Device to classify sediment • First aid kit Polyhaline Optional items 080Km & • Binoculars • Dry bag • Mask and snorkel • Life jacket May • Hand lens • Waterproof camera • Boat • Trash bag 080Mimap adapted from CBP 3 1

Hornwort Cd Tier 2 monitoring parameters Ceratophyllum demersum Basic observer and site information Sampling ranges Secchi depth Water depth Total SAV density Epiphytes SAV at surface 3 m Bottom sediment (10 ft) Photo Required (if present) SAV species Other macrophytes -Ƃ6yœÜiÀÃ>˜`Ãii`Ã

Long-range data Shoreline type 200 m Visible shoreline erosion (660 ft) Marine debris

Oligohaline Other human impact

Order Ceratophyllales • Family Ceratophyllaceae 7 5 Water starwort Cal Brazilian waterweed Egd Callitriche sp. Egeria densa Location: Fresh waters throughout Bay Location: Not common in the Bay; found in fresh waters General ID: Egg-shaped leaves are bright green and about 2 cm long and General ID: Forms thick mats at the up to 8 mm wide. Each joint of the stem surface of the water. Stems are highly >ÃÌܜi>ÛiÃ]Ü ˆV “>Þyœ>Ìœ˜œÀ branched. Leaves form in whorls of four emerge above surface of the water. and are densest near the top of the stem. Leaves are dark or bright green, serrated, Similar morphology: Common long, and narrow (up to 2.5 cm long and waterweed ä°ÇxV“܈`i®°-“>Ü ˆÌiyœÜiÀÃvœÀ“ˆ˜ Fun facts: the spring and the fall. • Multiple species occur in the Bay; Similar morphology: Hydrilla, common C. stagnalis is shown at the left waterweed • Provides habitat for insects Fun facts: • Food source for ducks • Native to South America • Introduced to U.S. waters by aquarium owners emptying their aquaria in rivers and ponds Oligohaline Oligohaline

Eudicot • Order Callitrichales • Family Callichtrichaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae 8 10

Common waterweed Ec Western waterweed En Elodea canadensis Elodea nuttallii Location: Freshwater tributaries; Location: Fresh waters and upper occasionally in saltier waters where reaches of Bay tributaries freshwater springs are found General ID: Long, slender, branched General ID: Oval leaves grow directly stems grow up to 1 m long. Whorled on thin, branched stems (no leaf stalks). leaves grow directly on stems (in threes Leaves grow in whorls, with 3 per node. or fours) and are evenly spaced along Tips of leaves are blunt and margins stem. Leaves are short (up to 16 mm) >Ûiw˜iÌiiÌ °i>ÛiÃ>Ài`i˜ÃiÃÌ and narrow. Leaves are pale green in toward stem tip. color. Flowers are white. Similar morphology: Hydrilla, western Similar morphology: Hydrilla, common and Brazilian waterweeds waterweed Fun facts: Fun facts: • Food source for beavers, muskrats, • Native to North America and ducks • Invasive in Europe and Asia • Can grow in deep or shallow waters • Habitat for invertebrates, small

wà iÃ]>˜`>“« ˆLˆ>˜Ã Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alistamatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae 12 14 Brazilian waterweed Egd Water starwort Cal Egeria densa Callitriche sp. Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae Eudicot • Order Callitrichales • Family Callichtrichaceae 11 9

Western waterweed En Common waterweed Ec Elodea nuttallii Elodea canadensis Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae Monocot • Order Alistamatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae 15 13 Water stargrass Hd Hydrilla Hv Heteranthera dubia Hydrilla verticillata Location: Freshwater tributaries Location: Fresh and brackish waters of General ID: Tall, somewhat bushy the Bay, in areas with muddy substrate plant with grass-like leaves that grow General ID: Stems are long and on branching stems. The bottom of branching. Leaves grow in whorls of each leaf wraps around the stem like a 3-5, and can be straight, lance shaped, sheath. Leaves are arranged alternately. or very small. Leaves are linear and 9iœÜ]ȇ«iÌ>i`yœÜiÀÓ>Þ}ÀœÜ serrated. Flowers are white and very above water in the summer. small. Similar morphology: Naiads Similar morphology: Common waterweed Fun facts: Fun facts: • Flowers only open above the surface of the water • Non-native in the Chesapeake Bay • There is also a terrestrial form of this • Can live in lower light conditions species than other SAV species • Food source for migratory birds Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Commelinales • Family Pontederiaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae 16 18

Low watermilfoil Mh Parrot feather milfoil Ma Myriophyllum humile Myriophyllum brasiliense (or aquaticum) Location: Freshwater coastal ponds, Location: Fresh waters of the Bay lakes, and reservoirs along shoreline General ID: Stems are stout, with General ID: Morphology is extremely i>ÛiÃœVVÕÀÀˆ˜}ˆ˜Ü œÀÃœvwÛi° >V  variable depending on water level. side of the leaf has up to 25 hair-like i>ÛiÃ>ÀiÛiÀÞw˜i>˜`}ÀœÜÃÕL‡ protrusions that give it a feather-like oppositely or scattered along stems. appearance. Stems sometimes appear Each leaf has up to 20 hair-like reddish. segments (up to 10 per side) that Similar morphology: Eurasian make this plant appear fuzzy. watermilfoil Similar morphology: Eurasian Fun facts: watermilfoil • Can grow out of water and onto land Fun facts: • No male plants exist outside of South • Not common in Chesapeake Bay America • Native to the Amazon • Introduced to the U.S. in Washington, D.C. Oligohaline Oligohaline

Eudicot • Order Saxifragales • Family Haloragaceae Eudicot • Order Saxifragales • Family Haloragaceae 20 22 Hydrilla Hv Water stargrass Hd Hydrilla verticillata Heteranthera dubia Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae Monocot • Order Commelinales • Family Pontederiaceae 19 17

Parrot feather milfoil Ma Low watermilfoil Myriophyllum brasiliense (or aquaticum) Myriophyllum humile Oligohaline Oligohaline

Eudicot • Order Saxifragales • Family Haloragaceae Eudicot • Order Saxifragales • Family Haloragaceae 23 21 Eurasian watermilfoil Ms Northern naiad 0ƃ Myriophyllum spicatum >>Ãyi݈ˆÃ Location: Widely distributed in fresh Location: Rivers and fresh and brackish and brackish waters of the Bay and its Bay waters, in areas with sandy tributaries substrate General ID: Delicate leaves resemble General ID: Narrow leaves are slightly feathers and grow in whorls of 4 broader at the base and grow up to (usually) or 5. Leaves are pinnate and 6 mm long. Leaves are opposite or in lose their shape when removed from whorls, and curve out from the stem. the water. In the summer, reddish Stem is slender and branching. yœÜiÀÃ}ÀœÜˆ˜눎iÃ>LœÛiÌ iÜ>ÌiÀ° Similar morphology: Slender,

Similar morphology: Parrot feather Mesohaline southern, and spiny naiads milfoil, hornwort Fun facts: Fun facts: • Also known as the “nodding • Is an introduced species in the Bay waternymph” • Provides habitat for insects and • Sensitive to pollution aquatic species • Food source for water birds Oligohaline Oligohaline

Eudicot • Order Saxifragales • Family Haloragaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae 24 26

Slender naiad Ngr Southern naiad Ngd Najas gracillima Najas guadalupensis Location: Rivers and fresh and brackish Location: Rivers and fresh and Bay waters, in areas with sandy substrate brackish Bay waters, in areas with sandy substrate General ID: Leaves are narrower than those of southern and northern naiads. General ID: >ÀÀœÜ]y>Ì]ÃÌÀ>ˆ} Ì /ˆ˜ÞÌiiÌ >ÀiÛiÀÞ`ˆvwVՏÌ̜Ãiiœ˜i>v leaves grow up to 33 mm long. Leaves edges. Leaves are opposite or whorled are opposite or whorled on slender, and grow up to 28 mm in length. Leaves branching stems. grow more densely near the top of the Similar morphology: Slender, slender, branching stem. northern, and spiny naiads Similar morphology: Northern, Fun facts: southern, and spiny naiads • Found across the Americas Fun facts: • Considered a weed in some areas • Also called the “thread-like • œœ`ÜÕÀVivœÀÜ>ÌiÀLˆÀ`Ã>˜`wà waternymph” • Also called “bushy pondweed” Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae 28 30 Northern naiad 0ƃ Eurasian watermilfoil Ms >>Ãyi݈ˆÃ Myriophyllum spicatum Mesohaline Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae Eudicot • Order Saxifragales • Family Haloragaceae 27 25

Southern naiad Ngd Slender naiad Ngr Najas guadalupensis Najas gracillima Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae 31 29 Spiny naiad Nm Curly pondweed Pc Najas minor Potamogeton crispus Location: Rivers and fresh and brackish Location: Widely distributed in fresh Bay waters, in areas with sandy and slightly brackish waters of the Bay substrate General ID: -Ìi“Ã>Àiy>Ì>˜` General ID: Leaves are narrower than branching, with alternate or opposite those of Southern and Northern naiads. leaves. Leaves are long and broad, Tiny teeth on leaf edges are visible to ÜˆÌ Ü>ÛÞi`}iÃ>˜`w˜iÌiiÌ °˜Ì i the naked eye. Stiff, recurved leaves winter, leaves appear blue-green and grow oppositely or whorled on slender, y>ÌÆëÀˆ˜}>˜`ÃՓ“iÀi>ÛiÃ>Ài branching stems. curlier and reddish brown. Similar morphology: Slender, Similar morphology: Redhead grass southern, and northern naiad Fun facts: Fun facts: • Introduced to the Chesapeake Bay • Also called the “brittle waternymph” in the 1800’s • Introduced species from Europe • Native to Europe Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae 32 34

Leafy pondweed Pe Illinois pondweed Pi Potamogeton epihydrus Potamogeton illinoensis Location: Slow moving, fresh waters Location: Rare in the Bay, may be less than 2 m deep found in freshwater areas General ID: >ÃLœÌ yœ>̈˜}>˜` General ID: Long stems support submerged leaves, which are bright ellipse-shaped leaves. Leaves grow green with a light-colored stripe down ÃÕL“iÀ}i`>˜`yœ>̈˜}°-ÕL“iÀ}i` Ì iVi˜ÌiÀ°-Ìi“Ã>Àiy>Ì>˜`}ÀœÜÕ« i>ÛiÃ>Àiœ˜}iÀÌ >˜yœ>̈˜}œ˜iÃ] to 18 cm long. Flowers are small and and have pointed tips. Stems are long, brownish green. cylindrical, slim, and branching. Small }Àii˜yœÜiÀÃ}ÀœÜœ˜눎ið Similar morphology: Other pondweeds Similar morphology: Other Fun facts: pondweeds Fun facts: • Eaten by waterfowl • Provides habitat for aquatic animals • This species may or may not be found in Maryland • Also known as “shining pondweed” Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae 36 38 Curly pondweed Pc Spiny naiad Nm Potamogeton crispus Najas minor Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae 35 33

Illinois pondweed Pi Leafy pondweed Pe Potamogeton illinoensis Potamogeton epihydrus Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae 39 37 American pondweed Pn Redhead grass Ppf Potamogeton nodosus Potamogeton perfoliatus Location: Rivers, ponds, and tidal fresh Location: Brackish waters with muddy and brackish waters of the Bay substrate and slow currents General ID: Grows in mats at the General ID: Flat, oval leaves are surface of the water. Stems can be arranged alternately or oppositely. up to 2 m long. Floating leaves are Leaf bases attach directly to slender, oval and are 10-18 cm long and up to y>ÌÃÌi“ði>ÛiÃ>ÀiÕ«̜ÇV“œ˜} 2-5 cm across. Underwater leaves are and 4 cm across, and have curled sparse, and are smaller and blade-like. edges. Stems may be whitish or Flower stalks grow above water. reddish, and branched near the top. Similar morphology: Other Similar morphology: Curly pondweed pondweeds Fun facts: Fun facts: • Named for the redhead ducks that • Also called “longleaf pondweed” consume it • Food source and shelter for turtles, • Also a food source for other wà iÃ]`ÕVŽÃ]>˜`ˆ˜ÛiÀÌiLÀ>Ìià waterfowl • >ÃÃÕL“iÀ}i`>˜`yœ>̈˜}i>Ûià Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae 40 42

Slender pondweed Ppu Widgeongrass Rm Potamogeton pusillus Ruppia maritima Location: Upper and middle Bay and Location: Widely distributed in Bay fresh to brackish tributaries General ID: Long, narrow, threadlike General ID: Long, thin, grass-like leaves leaves grow alternately on narrow have pointed tips and may be purplish stems. A sheath grows at the base of in color. Leaves are arranged alternately. each leaf. Leaves grow up to 10 cm Stems are slender and branching. long and 0.5 mm wide. During the late Flowers grow in whorls on spikes. ÃՓ“iÀ]yœÜiÀÃÌ>ŽÃ}ÀœÜ>˜`LÀ>˜V  upwards. Similar morphology: Sago pondweed, horned pondweed, and widgeongrass Similar morphology: Horned and

Ã>}œ«œ˜`Üii`­Ü i˜˜œÌyœÜiÀˆ˜}® Mesohaline Polyhaline Fun facts: Fun facts: • Also called “small pondweed” • Eaten by waterfowl • May be found growing with eelgrass • Most common in sandy substrate • Important food source for ducks, geese, and other waterfowl Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Ruppiaceae 44 46 Redhead grass Ppf American pondweed Pn Potamogeton perfoliatus Potamogeton nodosus Oligohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae 43 41

Widgeongrass Rm Slender pondweed Ppu Ruppia maritima Potamogeton pusillus Mesohaline Polyhaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Ruppiaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae 47 45 Bladderwort Up Sago pondweed Sp Utricularia Stuckenia pectinata Location: Freshwater ponds and ditches Location: Fresh to brackish non-tidal General ID: /Þ«ˆV>ÞvœÕ˜`yœ>̈˜}] waters throughout the Bay with stems and leaves submerged. General ID: Stems are slender and Stems are branching and grow branching. Leaves are arranged horizontally. Leaves are alternate, stem- alternately, and are long, threadlike, like, linear, and may grow oppositely or and tapered to a point. The basal whorled. Bladders grow on stems and sheath may be pointed. Stems and leaves. True roots are absent. Flowers leaves may appear fan-like. }ÀœÜœ˜i>yiÃÃÃÌi“ÃÜ i˜«ÀiÃi˜Ì° Similar morphology: Horned

Fun facts: pondweed and widgeongrass Mesohaline • Several species inhabit the Fun facts: Chesapeake Bay • / ˆÃëiVˆiÃÜ>ÃvœÀ“iÀÞV>ÃÈwi` • Are carnivorous; they trap and digest as Potamogeton pectinatus organisms in bladders • Inhabits the Americas, Europe, • Àii‡yœ>̈˜}>˜`ÀœœÌiÃà Africa, and Asia • Often called “ditch grass” Oligohaline

Eudicot • Order Lamiales • Family Lentibulariaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae 50 48

Eelgrass Zm Wild celery Va Zostera marina Vallisneria americana Location: From Choptank River south Location: Fresh to slightly brackish tidal waters of the Bay

General ID: Leaves are ribbon-like Polyhaline and alternate, spaced at nodes up to General ID: Ribbon-like leaves grow 3.5 cm apart. Leaves have rounded in clusters from the base of the plant. tips and are wrapped at the base by a i>ÛiÃ>Àiœ˜}>˜`y>ÌÜˆÌ LÕ˜Ì] sheath up to 20 cm long. Leaves can rounded tips and a light green center grow up to 1.2 m in length, and may be stripe. They grow up to 1.5 m long and long and wide (deep, muddy areas) or 1 cm wide. short and narrow (shallow, sandy areas). Similar morphology: Eelgrass Similar morphology: Wild celery Fun facts: Fun facts: • Provides food for migratory and • Eelgrass beds provide refuge for overwintering birds many species including seahorses, «ˆ«iwà ]ÕÛi˜ˆiwà iÃ]LÕiVÀ>LÃ] and scallops. • Eelgrass is the only true seagrass found in the Chesapeake Bay. Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Zosteraceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae 54 52 Sago pondweed Sp Bladderwort Up Stuckenia pectinata Utricularia Mesohaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae Eudicot • Order Lamiales • Family Lentibulariaceae 49 51

Wild celery Va Eelgrass Zm Vallisneria americana Zostera marina Polyhaline Oligohaline

Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Hydrocharitaceae Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Zosteraceae 53 55 Horned pondweed Zp Epiphytes Zannichellia palustris

Location: Widely distributed in the Bay What are they? Epiphytes are algal General ID: Stems are slender and species that grow on SAV. In terrestrial branching. Long, linear, threadlike systems, epiphytic plants may grow on leaves are arranged oppositely or other plants, such as trees. in whorls. Leaf tips are pointed and Are they parasites? No. Epiphytes use the basal sheath of the leaves is thin. SAV and other plants as a substrate on This plant can be distinguished by its which to grow, and do not necessarily horn-like seeds that appear in pairs or impact their host negatively. However, sometimes in a set of four. when nutrients are overly abundant, epiphytic algae may cover too much of Similar morphology: Sago pondweed, Mesohaline widgeongrass the host SAV surface, blocking light and inhibiting photosynthesis. Fun facts: Location: Often found growing on SAV • Multiple variations of this species in and around the Bay. exist; several are shown on this page • Two forms are found in the Bay: one General ID: Varies immensely grows upwards, the other grows depending on species of epiphyte. May along the bottom sediment with grow on stem or base of SAV. Oligohaline Polyhaline stems and roots together Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae 56 58

Green freshwater algae Red saltwater algae

Genera: Chara, Nitella Genera: Gracilaria, Agardiella Common Name: Muskgrass Common Name: Red algae General ID: Resemble some SAV species, but these are algae, not plants. Leaves branch, General ID: Red in color, highly branched structure. and grow off branching stems in whorls. Green freshwater macroalgae Red saltwater macroalgae 60 62 Lyngbya Horned pondweed Zp Zannichellia palustris What is it? Lyngbya is a freshwater cyanobacteria. Location: Lyngbya has been found in the northern Bay covering SAV beds, >˜`ˆ˜wà ˆ˜}}i>À`ÕÀˆ˜}Ì iÃՓ“iÀ° General ID: Grows in strands that clump together and form mats in warm, fresh waters. Impacts on SAV species: Can grow over SAV beds and inhibit photosynthesis. Mesohaline Warnings: Associated toxins may cause Έ˜>˜`}>ÃÌÀœˆ˜ÌiÃ̈˜>ˆ˜y>““>̈œ˜Æ avoid direct contact with Lyngbya. Wash your skin with soap if contact occurs! Oligohaline Polyhaline

Bacteria • Phylum Cyanobacteria Monocot • Order Alismatales • Family Potamogetonaceae 59 57

Brown saltwater algae Green saltwater algae

Genus: Ascophyllum Genus: Fucus Species: Ulva lactuca Genus: Ulva Common Name: Knotted wrack Common Name: Bladder wrack Common Name: Sea Lettuce Common Name: Enteromorpha General ID: Long fronds with rounded tips General ID: Long, branching fronds with General ID: Bright green in color, with thin, leaf-like fronds. and air bladders. air bladders. Brown saltwater macroalgae Green saltwater macroalgae 63 61 Water chestnut Harmful algal blooms Trapa natans What is it? Water chestnut is an invasive What is it? Certain algae species can yœ>̈˜}>µÕ>̈V«>˜ÌÌ >̈Ã>V̈ÛiÞ produce toxins dangerous to humans managed in the Chesapeake Bay. and aquatic species. When these Location: Has been found in upper species reproduce very quickly, or Chesapeake Bay tributaries and in the “bloom”, they can form a harmful algal Potomac River. bloom, or “HAB”. General ID: Triangle-shaped leaves form General ID: May look like thick mats ÀœÃiÌÌiÃÌ >Ìyœ>Ìœ˜Ì iÃÕÀv>ViœvÌ i or clumps are growing on or near the water. The plant itself is bulky but the water surface. May be red, green, or yœÜiÀÃ>ÀiÓ>>˜`Ü ˆÌi° brown in color. Impacts on SAV species: Leaves can What should you do? ̈Ã`ˆvwVՏÌ̜ block sunlight from reaching SAV, distinguish a harmful algal bloom from competes for space. a non-harmful one, so it is best not to sample in areas with an algal bloom. What to do if you see it: If you see Instead, report suspicious algal blooms water chestnut while sampling SAV, alert to the Chesapeake Bay Safety and MD DNR at (410) 260-8630. Environmental Hotline at (877) 224-7229.

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Leaf arrangement vocabulary Photo attribution Organized by page number from left to right

7 - Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) 31 - Robert H. Mohlenbrock 57 - CBP These four diagrams introduce you to terminology that is used throughout this Andreas Rockstein, Jon Sullivan 33 - Robert H. Mohlenbrock , MD 58 - Mark Rodrique, Brooke Landry pocket guide to denote leaf arrangement. DNR 9 - Dr. Mary Gillham Archive 59 - MD DNR, Wikimedia Commons Project, Richard Place 35 - Kristian Peters BasalWhorled Alternate Opposite 60 - >Àޏiˆ“]/iÝ>ÃƂµÕ>*>˜Ì 11 - CBP, T. Pennington 37 ‡ >* œÌœÃ]ˆ˜œˆÃ7ˆ`yœÜiÀà 61 - Katia Schulz, Ria Tan 13 - Andreas Rockstein, Merike 39 - Dick Culbert, Na. J. Pilla, 62 - Bob Peterson, Peter Linnamägi Fernando Arcas Southwood 15 - Christian_Fischer, Radio Tonleg 41- jillllybean 63 - Henry Hemming, Ansgar 17 -ÀˆÌâyœ ÀÀiޘœ`Ã]ˆÞLi>˜ 43 - Kristian Peters, Natural Gruber Resources Wales 19 - 1-7-] >ÀŽ“>Ý 64 - all by MD DNR 45 - all by ChristianFisher2 21 - Donald Cameron 65 - Allen Gathman, DennisM2, 23 - André Karwath, Evelyn Simak 47 - Brooke Landry, Tim Carruthers Carnat Joel 25 - burita2012 49 - CBP, Brooke Landry 66 - Ohio Sea Grant 27 - Robert H. Mohlenbrock, 51 - Himeji Science Museum 67 - Luke McGuff, CBP, Hans Hillewaert, CBP, NOAA’s National SERNEC 53 - all by Annie Carew Note: Do not determine leaf arrangement based on where the stem divides, as Ocean Sciences, Georgia DNR 29 - Donald Cameron, Show Ryu Ì ˆÃ܈ˆŽiÞÀiyiVÌ>˜>ÌÞ«ˆV>>ÀÀ>˜}i“i˜ÌvÀœ“Ì i“>œÀˆÌÞœvÌ i«>˜Ì° 55 - Jon Lefcheck

Quick conversions: 1 cm = 0.4 in 1 m = 3 ft 68 70 Creatures you may see near SAV Lily pads Genus Nuphar • Genus Nymphoides • Nelumbo lutea What is it? Various species of lily pad that inhabit the Chesapeake Bay. Location: Fresh waters in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. General ID: Rounded leaves with waxy Vœ>̈˜}Ãyœ>Ìœ˜Ü>ÌiÀÃÕÀv>Vi° Impacts on SAV species: Can block sunlight from reaching SAV. Snails Amphipods Seahorses

Crustaceans Bivalves Fishes 67 65

Contact list Site ID: (YYMMDD.hhmm.FL) • To report suspicious algal blooms, call the Chesapeake Bay Safety and Environmental Hotline at (877) 224-7229. • To report a stranded marine mammal or sea turtle, call the Maryland Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Stranding Response Program at 1-800-628-9944. • For a natural resources emergency or to request assistance, call the Maryland Department of Natural Resources at 1-800- 628-9944 or (410) 260-8888. • /œÀi«œÀÌ>wà ˆ˜}œÀ܈`ˆviۈœ>̈œ˜]Vœ˜Ì>VÌ >Àޏ>˜` Wildlife Crimestoppers at (443) 433-411.

Image description:

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