Peter and the Wolves • Plaid Hold Ceredigion • Gaelic Tele

No. 109 Spring 2000 £2.00

• Erika’s Oilspill - French State Responsible

• The North - Peter and the Wolves

• Plaid hold Ceredigion

• Gaelic Television Developments

• Agan Yeth - Cornish Language Studies

• ‘Cultural Theft’ of Chronicles of Mann

• War Gam es Threat to Air Routes

ALBA: COM ANN CEILTEACH • BREIZH: KEVRE KELTIEK • CYMRU: UNDEB CELTAIDD • EIRE: CONRADH CEILTEACH • KERNOW: KESUNYANS KELTEK • MANNIN: COMMEEYS CELTIAGH (Education). Bhiodh sin BEd (Foghlam) ann an Alba. Tha tri sruthan sa chursa. Seo agaibh iadsan:- (1) Tro mheadhan na Beurla le beagan dhe Chuimris. Ach cha ceadaich e do teagasg ach a-mhiin tro mheadhan na Beurla, cha do ghabh Albannach sam bith uidh ann. (2) Sruth tro mheadhan na Cuimris, le gach teagasg, obair sgriobhte agus greis- sgoile sa Chuimris. De thuirt Sir lain Noble air BBC2 “Cunntas" ach, “San Fhraing teagaisidh iad a h-uile cuspair tro mheadhan na Fraingis agus is e a' chiad oran a chuala mi riamh. sinne an ginealach Gáidhlig mu deireadh an urrainn daibh Beurla ionnsachadh.” “Chan eil mo leannan ann a seo” gu Athall agus feadh iomadh áitean eile feadh Chan e Sir lain fear de na daoine a Sh-araidh an séisd aige:- Alba!" sgrlobh an aithisg. Cha do bhean e rithe ‘S i o al o al o al am Abair gun deachaidh na facail oillteil seo idir, ach seo barail eile. ‘S i o al o al o al am tre mo chridhe coltach ri biodag. (3) B’fhe&rr le luchd na h-aithisg an treas ‘S i o al o al o ai am Fad láithean mo bhcatha bha eagal orm sruth far a bheil 50% sa Chuimris ‘S ¡o al am ‘s i h-aurum. gun robh ar cánain agus ar dualachas a’ dol (bhiodh sin sa Gaidhlig ann an Alba) “B’abhaist do m’athair ga sheinn agus á bith oir chunnaic mi gun robh an agus 50% ann am Beurla. Bhiodh na mise air a ghlüinean... Abair gun robh mi fheadhainn óg a' fás suas gun fhacail h-oileanaich soirbheachail ceadaichte a nam ghiullan óg óg sna laithean ud. Gáidhlig nan ceann, eadhon nuair a bha i theagaisg tre na Cuimris agus tre Beurla Sheinneadh e dhomh air a’ chuid as lugha aig na paraman aca. cuideachd. Tadhailidh na h-oileanaich tri drain a h-uile latha. Ach chaidh na bliadhnachan seachad agus Oilthigh Limerick ann an Eirinn fad Uaireannan bhiodh sinn a’ dol air chuairt leis a sin chaidh an Impireachd cola-deug airson eblas a thoirt air agus chuireadh e ceistean orm a thaobh a h- Bhreatannach leis an t-sruth coltach ris a hrainneachd dha-chananach. Paighidh a’ uile cail san dol seachad. Latha agus bha h-uile impireachd Eorpach eile agus bha am Cholaisde a' chosgais! Chuireadh cursa sinn a’ dol seachad air eóin. Margadh Coitcheann na h-Eorpa an láthair. mar sin tre na Gaidhlig agus Beurla air “Seall dhomh a' bhuidheag,” arsa esan. Bhon a bha i ¡orna cánanach cha robh cail bhonn bun-tomhas no standard ann, Cha robh sin doirbh bhon a bha ach aon ceárr a thaobh dá-chánanaehas. airson teagaisg a’ chursa agus sgtl nan eun buidhe ri fhaicinn! Mata, latha de na láithean, thachair mi ri oileanach. Latha bha sinn a’ coiseachd tre choille Fionnlagh nan Croileagan (Fionnlagh Abair gum bheil na sgoilearan Cuimreach agus thoisich m’athair a’ buaileadh craobh MacLeóid). Fad bliadhnachan bha e ag fialaidh a thaobh aiseirigh na Gaidhlig, agus theirear litir mar Dar airson Darach a’ obair air na beairt-ola agus a’ caomhnadh a taing don eolas a fhuair iad a’ sabhaladh na ciallachadh D, no Beith airson B direach h-uile sgillin ruadh oir bha fios aige gu Cuimris. Feumaidh sinn a’ d^anamh mar a tha craobhan na h-aibidíl Gháidhlig ri fagadh e an obair seo agus a dh’fhaighinn a- cinnteach gum bi na h-Albannaich feadh fhaicinn an diugh aig Aros faisg air Port- mach na bha feumail mu Gháidhlig a Alba le chdilc filcanta sa Gaidhlig agus ann righ. shabhaladh. am Beurla. Dh’aithriseadh e sgeul dhomh nuair a bha Mu dheireadh thall thuig Fionnlagh coir Gu cinnteach, tha mdran againn ri mi dol nam laigh a h-uile oidhche bhon a gun robh an fhreagairt sa Chuimris bhon is i dhdanamh ach tha fios againn a-nisd na tha bha mi sia bliadhna a dh’aois gus an do ann an aon düthaich Cheil teach far an robh feumail ri dheanamh taing do na Colaisdean chaochail e nuair a bha mi dusan bliadhna a a' chánain dualchasach láidir beothail. Chuimreach. dh'aois. Bha móran dhiubh air Chaidh Fionnlagh coir gu ruige Cuimrigh Gillcasbuig MacMhuirich eachdraidhean nam fineachan Gáidhleach agus an sin dh’ionnsaich e gun robh e Gilleasbuig Lachlainn ‘Uleasbuig no mu lain Lom no Caisteal Inbhir feumail naoidhein eadar dá bhliadhna gu Lochaidh agus mar sin air adhart. leth agus cóig bliadhna a bhith cluich sa Summary Gach latha fóille am baile Pheairt no Blar Gháidhlig cómhla, roimh dhol don sgoil aig This tells o f the immense debt owed by Gabhra bhiodh ceilidh anns an taigh againn aois cóig bliadhna. Le sin tháinig na Scottish language enthusiasts to Welsh le oran is sgeulachdan is fealla-dhá; is croilleagan agus CNSA air an educationalists over the years for their help dannsadh ri puirt-a-beul agus a h-uile cail sa stéidheachadh. and advice as to how language can be Gháidhlig. Bhoineadh m’athair do Rud eile, dh'ionnsaich Fionnlagh nach successfully revived. But it will take a vast Ardnamurachan. biodh aiseirigh na Gáidhlig fhileanta mur eil effort on our part to have Gaelic as strong Gu nadarra, bha mi cinnteach gum biodh i air a teagaisg tre na Gáidhlig agus leis a in Scotland as Welsh is in Wales and a lot an saoghal seo maireannach ‘s a bhiodh e a’ sin tháinig sin tre mheadhan na Gáidhlig ge more exertion before every person in seasamh gu latha-luain agus gu brath. Gun b’oil leis an Achd 1872. Scotland is as fluent in Gaelic as they are in teagamh tha an fheadhainn óg daonnan a’ Mata, bliadhnachan an deidh sin, rinn English, smaoineachadh sin. Albannaich eile an turas gus a’ Chuimrigh Thuirt mi rudeiginn mar sin ri Gáidheal air lorg fiosrachadh a thaobh teagaisg na Gaelic spoken in parliament air choireigan aig ceilidh an taigh mo Gáidhlig. pharantan agus dh’fhas e gu flor bronach. Có iad ach deichnear a dh’fhoillsich For the first time in more than 600 Bha deóirean sna süilean aige. aithisg, “Teagasg ann am Foghlam tro years the Gaelic language was heard in a “A bhróinein, seo far a bheil thu fada Mheadhan na Gáidhlig: Molaidhean Scottish Parliament recently. ceárr bhon a tha ar cánain a’ dol a Leasachaidh”, airson GTC (General The packed public galleries at the dholaidh,” arsa esan, “bha na diücan Athaii Teaching Council for Scotland) am Edinburgh Parliament applauded as the daonnan déidheil air ar cánain ach an deidh bliadhna. Gaelic Minister, Mr Alasdair Morrison, Chüil-lodair chaill iad an cumhachd aca Chaidh iad gu Coiaisde na Trianaid, got to his feet to open the debate and to agus sa bhliadhna 1872 bha Achd Carmarthen, sa Chuimrigh bhon a tha i cho welcome the opportunity for the first Párliamaid ann a dh’órdaich teagasg tro ainmeil a thaobh an dá-chánanachas. discussion in the language in the new Bheurla a-mháin, feadh Alba. Le sin, is Tairgidh a’ Cholaisde cursa BA parliament since devolution a year ago. Language Debate Gaelic Television Developments Following the publication in Cam 107 of the articles The Missing Link and A t the annual Gaelic broadcasting broadcast media and other areas of language Parent's Perspective along with the seminar held in Inverness in planning. This would be a great loss. publication of a letter in Carn 108 (pg. 10) A February, Scotland Office Minister Loss of control over the one area of I have received a number of responses from Brian Wilson hinted that a Gaelic television broadcasting under Scottish control would members of the Alba branch, and one from channel might become a reality within five remove what could be otherwise be used as Cymru with a Welsh perspective. years. While this news was warmly a wedge to lever further devolution of It is clear that all correspondents are welcomed, less welcome was the Minister’s broadcasting power from the UK very sincere activists working for the suggestion that responsibility for funding Government to the Scottish Executive. Gaelic language and that the differences Gaelic broadcasting should be moved from Continued Holyrood control of Gaelic appear to me to be reconcilable. It is not the Scottish Parliament to Westminster. Mr broadcasting would leave open the possible to deal with this matter in such Wilson stated that “we have to ask possibility of the use of a future Gaelic detail in Carn, as it would take up three realistically, whether the required levels of television channel as a Scottish national pages. These issues would be perhaps better funding are ever likely to come from the broadcasting service to rival the Scottish discussed in Celtic League national resources of the Scottish Executive, with all content of BBC Scotland and the ITV newsletters. the competing claims on it.” companies. Adequately funded, subtitled, The Celtic League’s position in regard to At present the funding of Gaelic high quality Gaelic television programmes the promotion of Celtic medium language broadcasting through the Gaelic would be accessible to all Scots and would schools, Celtic units and the teaching of the Broadcasting Committee is the only power be able to rival the meagre and often Celtic languages has been shown in AGM over broadcasting enjoyed by the Scottish parochial Scottish programmes on the motions and in support of various Parliament. It can therefore be expected that existing English language channels. A campaigns. Nevertheless, we feel that the nationalists will strongly oppose any moves Gaelic “Scottish Six" would be one such destiny of each Celtic language is the towards London control over Gaelic example. This is a chance that must not be responsibility of each Celtic nation, television. As all other areas of language lost! Gaelic broadcasting must stay under although important lessons can be learned policy are devolved, Westminster control of Scottish control. from each other’s experience. Gaelic broadcasting would reduce the In consequence of all the above I do not potential for coordination between the Brude Mac Maelcon feel that the publication of the correspon­ dence received would further anybody’s cause, but of course opinions and debate are always welcome at the AGM. C,aelic ^Roap meRgeR? Editor. lasdair Morrison, MSP, Minister for numbers. The concern has been expressed m b ■ • m b a b b a b m a b a i^ m b a i^ b Gaelic, has announced a widespread that such a group might take a mainly Areview of the Gaelic development “Gaidhealtachd” based view of the organisations. This is based on the view of language question, advocating the Scots Language the Minster and of his predecessor Brian centralisation of Gaelic development groups Question On Census Wilson that there are too many Gaelic in the Western Isles and ignoring the efforts groups in existence with too much overlap of learners, Gaelic medium education pupils and too much duplication of efforts. The and of Gaelic speakers living outwith the SNP Deputy Shadow Minister for Culture review of the groups is being carried out by Western Isles. Most activists would favour Irene McGugan, MSP has welcomed the a Gaelic Development Task Force appointed an inclusive solution, which would include by the Minister. A key option to be investi­ decision of the Parliament’s Equal increased representation for Gaelic in gated by the Task Force is the possibility of Opportunities Committee to recommend a Edinburgh - Scotland’s capital - and the creating a single Gaelic group. question in the 2001 census on the Scots central belt whilst also increasing the language. Much concern has been expressed about representation in the Western Isles and the review by Gaelic activists. Many feel the Today’s decision came only a day after retaining representation in Inverness. review to be unnecessary. While there is a SNP Shadow Minister for Culture Michael lack of co-ordination between the Gaelic Russell MSP received a reply to a ROADSIGINS UPDATE Parliamentary question which showed that groups, this situation has been improving of The Scottish Executive has at last made its late and funher proposals have already been the Scottish Executive is receiving less policy on bilingual road signage clear. The state funding than practically any other put forward for improved co-ordination. hated “10% rule” is to be abolished. This There is also very little overlap or minority language in Europe. Mr. Russell was the rule stating that Gaelic signs could duplication between the Gaelic groups. For commented: only be erected in parishes where upwards " Today l received a parliamentary’ reply these reasons, many in the Gaelic movement of 10% of the population were Gaelic which showed that the Executive could only suspect that there is a hidden agenda behind speakers. Following the waiving of this rule the review, namely a desire to take the for the Highland Council area after massive identify £112.500 annual spending on the public pressure, the Scottish Executive has Scots language, which is way behind the public’s attention away from the much more now made its position clear for the rest of funding received by any of the other important campaign for Secure Status for Gaelic or to achieve greater government Scotland. The abolition of the 10% rule has minority languages recognised by the control over Gaelic organisations. been welcomed by Gaelic activists. With the European Bureau of Lesser Used removal of the main central government Languages... Another worry expressed by Gaelic activists is that the Task Force does not obstacle to Gaelic signage, the task for I am glad that the Scottish Parliament's represent all of the Gaelic community as no Gaelic activists now is to convince local committees are showing their teeth in this learners are represented amongst its authorities of the benefits of Gaelic signage. way." Brude Mac Maelcon Call for Help for Manx on Solway Harvester

hadow Rural Affairs Minister Mr. Alasdair Morgan, MSP, has written Sto the Scottish Finance Minister, Jack McConnell MSP and to the UK Minister with responsibility for maritime matters. Mr. Morgan has asked that as a gesture of goodwill both Parliaments make a contribution to the Isle of Man Government towards the costs incurred in the recovery of the Solway Harvester. Solway Harvester, Photographed o ff Douglas by Michael Craine In his letter to Jack McConnell Mr. Morgan wrote: "The speedy, efficient and generous action of the Manx Government they must distance themselves from their since the tragic loss of the Solway A Career Dilemma anti-independence stance. Of course no one Harvester, off the north east coast of the t is my assumption that all politicians could expect them to become nationalists Isle o f Man in January, has been o f great would wish to remain in politics. As a overnight and it may be impossible to support to the next o f kin o f the crew and to Inationalist politician the goal is imagine any Labour or Conservative party the fishing communities o f the Solway independence and preparation for our leaders being ecstatic over their party "The generosity of a small island nation independent country. If we do not achieve it members moving away from the dark side. funding the expense involved in raising the then we strive towards it. When we achieve It would be difficult to gauge just how the Solway Harvester has meant that my our independent country there is the future Liberals would behave. However, I guess of our country to be involved in. In other constituents have not had to endure the they may go with the majority. words a politician who has a career in long drawn-out wait the constituents of my When independence becomes more nationalist politics will have a future. colleague, Alex Salmond MSP. had to go likely I wonder which unionist party Now on the other hand, Scottish members will rebel first from their strictly through after the loss o f the Sapphire. In unionists have kept the momentum of party line to save their careers? This that case the refusal of the government to ensuring their message is spread that therefore would also be exactly the same fund the recovery meant that whilst having Scotland is not viable outside the UK. Of for the other unionist politicians in the to cope with their grief the next o f kin had course, us Scots like the other Celtic other Celtic countries as they clamber to to become involved in a fund-raising countries need looking after and assistance save their careers with an imminent campaign to raise the vessel. in the world of international diplomacy. independent country about to ruin them. "At this time I believe it would be most Evidently there is a career dilemma for all It is interesting to consider who may sit appropriate for the Scottish Parliament to Scottish Unionist politicians. If the UK in our own independent parliament. I also give more than verbal thanks to the Manx continues then they carry on playing their wonder if there will be such a thing as a re­ authorities but to also assist them in part in public life. However, if Scotland did unification party lamenting about the “good meeting the costs involved. " become independent their Scottish political old days of empire”. careers would surely cease to exist. If you Louise NicLeoid spend all your energies telling Scottish people that an independent country would r ------son luclul ionnsachaidh is luchd Giidhlig not work you could not possibly have the I for Gaelic learners and supporters audacity to stand for public office after independence and expect to be trusted and ag adhartachadh na G&idhlig then take part in making an independent promoting the Gaelic language S c o ts country work! ¡ris son fios is uidh is oideas " It is unimaginable to think that Labour mag for news, interest, teaming politician, Brian Wilson, could be Home ndepen Secretary for England? Surely, the English 111 an rôitheacftan GttdWty* lb® G ae lic-E n g lish 6eurla laobft niaobfi. parallel text Quarterly public would not be enthralled with in-asgaidh 6e b hu ili - mag, free to members - Scottish, Welsh and Cornish Unionists Independent Scots read the cuir son sanala a send tor sample extract taking high profile political roles within an Cothrom arw lràsla1 from Cothrom now! independent England! ‘Scots Independent’ annual membership - UK £15 Overseas £15 What then does this indicate? Well, it UK unwaged £10 subscribing organisation £25 may mean that unionists would have a lot Contact I (ail tuairmseach a-mhàin £20 = C$52/US$33 approx guide only) to fight for and the hard-core opposition is credit card pay ment automatically converts currency in a comer. We can surely expect them to 51 Cowane Street Send also for free contact details for all registered Gaelic clubs, battle strongly to maintain the status quo. Stirling FK8 1JW classes & courses in your area - and distance learning! Also, the above could discount many politicians from having any moral right to Aiba/Scotland ballrachd is elle - www.gaelic net'di - for membership and more become involved in post-independent CU, 62 Priomh ShrAkf, Inbhir Ghbrdain IV18 ODH Telephone political life. In order for these politicians to CU, 62 High St, Invergordon IV18 ODH. Scotland Stirling 01786 473523 tT Fon/lacs *44 (0) 1349 854648 e mail [email protected] play their part in an independent Scotland I______I ¡¡gig -ää V. Festoù Nevez Ha l i __ Jakobined Nevez...

< 3 m ^ jr ■ e i z Kreskifi ar ra mat ar gouelioù keltiek e '«vs . *¿¥¿r-. x< 5 'v>: ______• : Breizh. Daou ouel nevez dreist-holl o deus ur c’hresk bras ar bloaz tremenet : Gouel Erwan ha Gouel an Erer Kozh e Karaez. An eil zo bet taget war dachenn ar relijion An Okitaneg Antivezel Ciani7 hag egile war zu an deskadurezh. Setu penaos ha perak eman ar jakobined o klask Ar Siaci liai ian pemp troad d’ar maout e Breizh. GOUEL PATRICK...ha brernan Gouel Abaoe mui a 10 bloaz e tremene ul war dachennad o c'humun. Met talvoudek ERWAN... lezenn diwar-benn ar vezhoù bihan etre e vezo ivez al lezenn mar c'houlenn an Evit an trede gwech Gouel ERWAN en daouarn ar c’hannaded ha daouarn ar drederenn eus ar c’huzulierien-kêr anezhi. deus graet ur c’hresk bras gant skoazell an senedourien, ha war ar marc’hat e vcze War dachenn an deskadurezh e veze Agence Culturelle Bretonne ( A.C.B.) e rakwelet al lezenn-se gant mellad 6 ar rakwelet gant al lezenn deskifi ar yezh er Naoned. An Tour Tan e Kemper en deus Vonreizh italian abaoe 50 vloaz ! Al lezenn skolioù elfennel hag en deskadurezh eil graet kalz evit brudafi ar gouel dre ur diwar-benn ar yezhoù bihan he deus bet derez. An dibab a vezo graet gant an dud da cyberfest-noz e Beijing. Zhong-Breizh ur votet a-benn ar fin e diwezh ar blaovezh vare an distro-skol. Er skoliou-veur e vezo gevredigezh anavezet e Bro Leon peogwir 1999 gant ar c’hannaded hag ar desket ar yezhoù bihan ivez. he doa bet tro Marie Roudaut eus Eskell an senedourien italian met n'he deus ket bel Er buhez foran e c’hellor implijout ar Elorn da stummafi an izili eus Zhong- sinet gant Prezidant ar Republik c’hoazh! yezhoù bihan er c ’huzulioù-kêr hag er Breizh da zarlsal e-pad ar goanv. Laouen Daouzek yezh bihan a vez anavezet melestraduriezhioù lec’hel met un tre an Ao. kannadour da lakaat liv an bremañ gant Italia. Etre ar yezhoù bihan-se droidigezh italianek a vezo da gaout. Bez’e demokratelezh e kêr Beijing da vare an e kaver ivez yezhoù anavezet dija gant ar c’hellor gwelet ar yezhoù bihan en anvioù- Nevez-Amzer. D’ar meniez mare stad italian a-drugarez d’ar statud a lec’h hag an dud a venno adkemer stumm o jakobined eus Bro Dreger o deus taget emrenerezh roet d’ur rannvro bennak evel anv-tiegezh hag anv-bihan en o stumm a Gouel ERWAN war dachenn ar relijion. E- ar Sloveneg er Friui, an Alamaneg er Süd- orin goude bezah italianekaet a c’hello giz kustum an dud-se tost da “la libre Tyrol pe ar Galleg e Val d’Aoste, met ne goulenn anezhafi. pensée", a zo tost eus ar jacobined. Ar veze ket anavezet yezhoù bihan all evel an Er skinwel hag er skingomz e kavor gelaouenn Combat Breton a plij dezhafi en Okitaneg (ur yezh komzet ivez e kreisteiz programmoù skignet er yezhoù bihan gant emgannafl ouzh ar Gatoliked, zo aet da Bro-C’hall ha hanternoz Bro-Spagn), ar skoazelloù-arc’hant eus ar stad hag ar heul... A benn ar fin ar bobl o deus lakaet Piemonteg, ar C’halabreseg, ar Veneteg da rannvroioù. An dra-se a vezo ur gudenn ail urzh e-barzh an ti. Ez eus bet tud evit skouer ha yezhoù nebeutoc’h implijet evit an Okitaneg peogwir n’o deus ket an Gouelioù ERWAN.Setu chahs vat da c’hoazh evel ar Gresianeg (etre 5 000 ha 10 Okitaned o rannvro o-unan. zevezh- arouez Breizh. 000 den) e Calabria, an Albaneseg (war-dro A-benn ar fin ar rannvroioù gant ur Kerampuilh-Karaez : 150000 den evit al 80 000 den) e Kreisteiz Italia hag ar statud a emrenerezh pe spletusoc'h eget al lise DIWAN... C’hatalaneg ( 18 000 den) e Sardinia ! E- lezenn nevez a gendalc'ho gant ar statud E-Karaez ur skipailh tud digor war ar bed touesk ar yezhoù-se, bez’e oa yezhoù, spletusoc’h evel an Aiamaneg e Siid-Tyrol ha war ar vro o deus sofijet ober kenkoulz Piemonteg, Calabreseg ha Veneteg da pe ar Galleg er Val d’Aoste, da skouer. Gouel ar Bigi-Kozh (Douarnenez-Brest). skouer tremenet evel rannyezhoù italianek José Calvete. Setu penaoz eo bet savet Gouel an Erer gant meur a zen met ivez evel yezhoù o- Kozh gant labour ha startijenn. E 1999 gant unan gam tud all. Tennet eus ar sizhuniek okitanek "La 150000 den e teue da vezafi unan bihan e- Kudenn an Okitaneg a oa ur gudenn all. Setm ana” Niv. 234 d’an 09.12.99- touez ar re vras, en... Europa. Ur gwir Bez’ez eus e Italia war-dro 200 000 15.12.99. plijadur da wellet war al leurenn arzourien Okitaneger met n’eus ket a rannvro eus pep korn eus ar Bed e Penn ar Bed. Okitania. Ur bihanniver eo an Okitaned er Summary Ben Harper gant ar Gwenn ha Du en deus rannvro Piemonte hag e kaver un okitan After waiting for more than 10 years and graet lans (rise!) d’an demokratelezh. Ar bennak e Liguria ha war-dro 600 anezho e being provided by the Article 6 of the paotr Per Perret, Faudel hag ail, ivez. Ouzhpenn-se, ez eus bet techno evit ar vro Calabria. Hervez Dario Anghilante, Italian Constitution f o r SO years, a new Prezidant ar C’hevredigezh Occitania Piva law on minority languages has been gant Denez PRIGENT, e brezhoneg, mar (Okitania Bev) : “ri eo ket ul lezenn o adopted by the deputies and senators of plij. Memestra pebezh Gouel EtreVroadel lavarout traoù pouezus-tre, met evil ar Italy, blow the President has to sign it! bras ha brav. Pebezh chans evit ar re wech gentañ ur votadeg a anavez Now Italy has recognised 12 lesser-used yaouank hag evit Kreiz-Breizh. Setu perak ac 'hanomp evel Okitaned. Setu disoc 'h hon languages within its borders among them an diaoul, jakobined ar Strollad sokialour, emgann a 30 bloaz". Bro-Spagn he deus Occitan. Occitan is a Romance language da skouer Ferrant ha Auger o deus taget ar anavezet ivez an Okitaneg e Val d’Aran er spreading from Central Pyrenees in Gouel-se, dre nac’h ar yalc’hadoù. Ar pezh Pireneoù ; n’eus nemet Bro-C’hall nag he Northern Spain through Southern France a zo sklaer, ar million profet evit deus anavezet an Okitaneg nag he yezhoù and Northern Italy (Piedmont) but without skoazellan lise Diwan-Karaez en deus displijet d’ar re a zifenn skol ar bihan all! an administrative region o f its own. For Dario Anghilante President o f Occitunia “Republik”. Tamm pe dämm eo ar meniez ENDALC’H AL LEZENN Viva, a society promoting the Occitan re a zifenn ar galleg yezh ofisiel ar stad. language and culture, it is a great Eus tu ar sokialour. an Ao Maille neo ket Ret e vo da 15 % eus poblañs ur c’humun achievement since this legal recognition is tomm e galon ouzh ar yezh. (cf.: Brest e goulenn da lakaat da dalvezout an destenn the fruit o f30 years o f campaigning Breizh : “ar brezhoneg ne dalv ket muioc’h Strollad Ar Vro Bagan goude bezari biskoaz kemenü ali : displeget AvarUurio ar sitoian Jan Konan ha Meurlarjez Roparz Hemon e zispleg er pen-)okcz tieÜGS... goafiv-mafi Biskoaz Kemend all, un dibab pezhiou c'hoari berr eus Per Jakez DELIAS. Unan anezho a zo ur pezh c’hoari anei ma oa Per Jakez Helias ha Per gwelet. Eno e pouezhe kalz war ar yezh. Ur farsus di war ur gontadenn eus ar grenn- I -I-Trepoz war ar maez, daou-ugent yezh poblek, pinvidik hag aes war un dro, amzer “un dilhad marc’had mat”, an tri all V J vloaz ‘zo bremañ, gvvelloc’h egeto, leun a c’herioù saourus hag a droiou-lavar o vezaft pennadou furlukinerezh, an petra a c’hellje diduiñ o c’henvroidi goude c’hwek. Hag ur yezh aes a-walc'h da Aic'houez, Bec’h d’ar brilli hag Un den ur sizhunvezhiad labour, ha gant peseurt gompren, d’ar nebeuiañ e Leon, Keme ha divemor. Un testeni eus c’hoariva Per- brezhoneg ober : komz ouzh an dud evel pa Treger. An danevelloù ivez a oa diouzh Jakez DELIAS an doare farsus da c’hortoz vijed en o zouez o kontañ kaoz ganto. sevenadur an dud a selaoue an abadennoù : ma vefe savet er bloavezh-ntafl... Mevel ar Pezhioú ar bloavezhioú 47/57 a zo beo kaer ar vuitez war ar maez pe war an aod, hag an Gosker. e memor an dud o deus oc’hlevet. Nag a traoù nevez o tont er vro, ar c’hirri tan, an Goulc'han Kervella c’hoarzh en amzer-se! Pebezh ebat en dro tredan, an dilhad a-c’hiz-nevez, ar foot-ball Summary da Jakez Kroc’henn ha da Wilhoù Vihan. hag all... The work o f well-known Breton writer, Sur o devo kcment a blijadur ar re, kalz N’oa ket barn misionerien Feiz ha Jakez Helias, who wrote more than SO yaouankoc’h, a lenno bremañ ar pezhioù- Breiz diwar-benn “pec’hejoù ar bed short plays for Radio-Kimerc 'h is se. Ha marteze o devo ar chañs da welet modem” met demdost memestra, da lavaret discussed in this article. Helias used anezho c’hoariet c’hoazh e lec'h pe lec’h.” eo disfiziañs ha goaperezh evit ar bed everyday language, which was easier for Bet aze penaos e kinnig Brud Nevez nevez o tont. Evit plijout d’ar selaouerien the native speakers in the far west of (Andreo ar Merser) an embannadur eus ne c'helle ket mont a-enep o mennozh hag Brittany to understand. He also created pezhioú berr farsus Per-Jakez Helias. Dek a oa tamm pe damm stummet gant an iliz Jakez Kroc’han and Gwilhou I'rhan, not levrenn a ya d'hen ober. Da lavarei eo ur katolik. Setu perak eo diamzeret evit ul unlike Laurel and Hardy. pevar ugent pezh-c'hoari bennak hag a zo lodenn danvez pezhioú farsus Per-Jakez Ar Vro Bagan, the popular Breton theatre bet displeget war Radio-Kinierc’h er Helias. Forzh pegen plijus e vent da selaou, group will stage a number o f his plays in bloavezhioù hanter-kant. “Selaouet e veze e da lenn, pe da c’hoari. Diouzh o amzer int, their Biskoaz Kemend-AII show this year. abadennoù bep sul ouzh taol gant al lodenn komz a reont ouzh ar bobl en he yezh. vrasañ eus brezhonegerien depariamant Na pegen pell diouzh pezhioú c'hoari Perm ar Bed, evel un eil oferenn pe dost. Roparz Hemon ha strollad Gwalarn, kalz En e vod dezhañ en-eus troet modcrnoc’h, kalz donoc’h ha pegen pell brezhoneg ar gador en ut langaj “dizoue” diouzh pezhioú c’hoari an eil Per-Jakez erne an aotrouien Ar Berr hag an Du, daou Helias, paotr ar reuz-c’hoarioú, evel Mevel vignon bras d’ar brezhoneg. ar Gozkerjpe an h i Id a heul. Eno ec’h en Mistri en doa bet Per-Jakez Helias war em ziskouez Per-Jakez Helias evel m’emafl ar c’hoariva brezhoneg poblck evel Youenn eñ e unan, hep klask plijout d’ar Drezenn, ar bigouter pe Jarl Priel, an selaouerien, met o tispakañ donder e ene tregeriad, ha ne oant ket eus tu ar velcien hag e spered. Kemm a laka -evel ar “Feiz ha Breiz” nag eus tu Paotred Breiz c’hoarivaourien glasel gall- etre ar pezhioú Atao - daoust d’ar pezh a lavar an daou farsus hag ar reuz c’hoarioù. Ral eo kavout gelenner Skol-Veur. Per-Jakez avat en deus traoù skrijus en e bezhioù farsus, pe traou kavet un doare hag a glote mat kenañ gant fentus en e bezhioù skrijus. arz ar skingomz da lavaret traoù aes da Hag evit an amzer a-vremañ hag an gompren hep ma vefe ezhomm da vezañ amzer da zont? Petra oa talvoudegezh Lena Louarn pezhioú c’hoari Biskoaz Kemend All? r (Courtesy: Armor magazine) yezh da gentañ, n’eus ket da dortañ. Ar Feston neves (contd) spered d’an eil, da c ’houzout petra oa Lena Louarn: Woman of the Year 1999 mennozh ar Vretonned ur mare zo bet. Ar eget un iliz"...). Sklaer eo, an den a zo perm stumm da drede. Dreist-holl er pezhioú ena Louarn has been awarded the eus porzh ar brezel e Brest, zo prest da berrañ, el lec’h ma ne vez nemet Jakez title of “woman of the year” by zifenn yezh oftsiel ar stad hag ouzhpenn-se kroe’hen ha gwiiloù Vihan. Eno en deus LArmor Magazine. For the second ar Bigi-Kozh... ijinet daou zen. diou dudenn hag a c’heller time in 20 years the readers and Gi KELTIK lakaat e-kemm gant Laurel hag Hardy da journalists have elected a woman. In skouer.hag ijinet un doare c'hoari tost terms of Breton culture and identity Lena Summary kenañ ouzh an doare “furlukin", da lavaret learnt a lot from her father Alan and she This article looks at the success of ‘an “entrée clownesque”. Evit bezafi has become a specialist. Since May 99, Erer-Kozh ' (The Plough), a musical show kempennet ar pezhioù-berr-se da vezafl she has been the President of the brand which is run in conjunction with ‘les vieux displeget war al leurenn e ouezan o deus new “Ofts ar Brezhoneg" (= office for the gréements ' a traditional boat exhibition kalz a nerzh c’hoazh en o dilhad kozh. Ma Breton language). She is “Skeudenn Bro run on the Breton Saint's Day Gouel St. vefe gwisket dilhad nevez dezho- da lavaret Roazhon’s" secretary (a federation of Erwan. Last year the event attracted eo ma kontfent deomp doareoù ar bed a- cultural associations), in the Rennes area. 150,000 people and the organisers were vremañ, kudennoù an dud a hirió, o defe She is also in charge of the administration able to give 1million FF to the new kalz muioe’h a startijenn c ’hoazh.Un hent of the “Kuzul Sevenadurel”. In addition, secondary school in Karaez. However, nevez da bieustriñ evit c’hoariva brezhonek she is the manager of the Breton opposition from the Jacobin lobby means an amzer a-vremañ hag an amzer da-zont e newspaper Breman as well as “Skol an that the show, in its fourth year, will not be vefe ober hor mat eus tudennoù P.J. Amsav”: evening classes for adults... funded by public money this year. HELIAS hag ouzh e zoare c’hoariva. what a woman! Erika's Oilspill — French State Responsible

rika's oilspill demonstrated that France was not technically ready to Ecope with such a situation. Even worse, on the front line of the oilspill, Breton politicians did not take into account the AMOCO (1978) lesson. One month, after the events (12th Dec) some Breton scientists accused state organisations (COM + Cedre +- Polntar +) because they did not take account of their own experience. 400 km from Penmarc’h to La Rochelle, were more or less polluted by 12,000 tons of heavy oil. In order to understand the situation let’s outline the sequence of events: Dec 11 th: The tanker Erika, from Malta, left the French port of Dunkerque. It Corsen did not react, on Saturday the 11 th, from Naoned (Nantes) to PenMarc’h. was heading for the Mediterranean. The in the evening, when the captain sent his On the 25th of December, the Minister ship was freighted by the French company first SOS. Then the rescue vessel Abeille- of Environment D. Voynet, briefed by the Total-Fina with 30,888 tons of oil No 2 on Flandres would have been able to help Cedre organisation, told us that this board. Erika to reach the bay of Douarnenez. pollution was not at huge a catastrophe as Dec 11 (2 p.m.): In a rough sea, south Otherwise, scientists who worked on the the Amoco one. Obviously she was wrong. of Ouessant Island, the captain Maihur Amoco oilspill told us that Captain Carlos Especially as regards the number of dead sent, through the Cross-Corsen, the first made a mistake when he tried to pull the birds (over 35,000). A lot of them coming Mayday. The ship was not in balance stern far from the coast. The best solution from different areas of the British Isles. anymore. After, various exchanges, in the was to pull the upper deck, on the coast off By Christmas everywhere along the ballasts, the tanker was able to cope with south Brittany... Atlantic coast, elected representatives the sea again. Half an hour later, the Had that been done, the pollution worked hard to obtain some equipment Mayday became a PAN (= security would not have spread on 400 km. from the Polmar-Plan, Total-Fina or message). At this point, the captain decided Dec 15th and in the days before elsewhere. The lack of equipment was to try and reach the port of Naoned Christmas airplanes from the French navy obvious. During the holidays a lot of (Nantes). tlew over the wreck and polluted areas. At people helped as much as they could. Dec 12th (5 a.m.): The steering gear broke. the same time the anti-pollution Afterwards mainly army and professionals Dec 12th (6 a.m.): The captain sent a organisation, Cedre, worked hard to try to remained on the spot... second SOS. determine how the oil (No 2) would behave Politicians from Paris came down to the Dec 12th (8.30 a.m.): The tanker Erika split in the sea under bad weather conditions. On coast, to express their concern about the in two parts, spilling 12,000 tons of oil. television, people had the opportunity to hurricane and the oilspill. We had the 30 miles, south of Penmarc’h (29/BZH). see, many times, the different engines the opportunity to see the President of the state Dec 12lh (7.30 a.m.): One hour before the Cedre used to fight oilspills. Meanwhile, as well as five ministers in charge of accident, in the military fortress of Brest the navy sent submarines to the wreck to different problems we had to cope with. On (COM), the admiral for the Atlantic make sure that the two parts were not the regional level, we had the opportunity Coasts made the decision to send marines leaking. They also used petrol pumps to see. President J. de Rohan (Conservative) on board with an helicopter. Within two (Foilex) to suck the oil from the sea. The and the social leader J-Y l.e Drian hours, they managed to rescue the 26 Cedre and COM told us that the oil was on (Lorient). Almost no one else appeared in members of the crew... the way to La Rochelle. Therefore they the media. Dec 12th (6 a.m.): The rescue boat Abeille- sent, from Brest (BZH), most of the Flandres left Brest headed for Erika. By equipment to that area. Waiting for Regional Politicians show little Concern 10.00 a.m., a new challenge arose for the Christmas and the big BUG the media were The leaders of the right wing lobby in rescue boat: to stop the course of the mainly optimistic... south Brittany had been afraid to give a drifting stern of the tanker on the way to First of all, the navy lost a submarine in negative image of our region. A lot of Belle-lie. Captain Carlos did his very the main wreck. Secondly the French people here live off the tourist trade. best to keep the stern next to the front Foilex’s petrol pumps were totally Therefore different demonstrations, last part. inefficient and ridiculously tiny on this year, did not get much support. Once the Dec 13th (a.m.): Suddenly, the stem moved rough sea. Fortunately, the German’s beaches were cleaned the oil came back up in the air and sank 120 meters down engines did quite well and grabbed 700 and with the tide and people became very on the seabed. then 1,000 tons, altogether. Not much in despondent. On the 8th of February, in comparison to the 12,000 tons gone into the Naoned (Nantes), the economic centre of Government Bod ¡es Slow to React sea. The 23rd and 24th of December, the the Atlantic coast, 30,000 demonstrators At this stage, we can notice that the oil came on the coasts. Not only, next to La showed their anger against Total. In my state organisation COM and the Cross- Rochelle but also mainly in south Brittany view, the numbers demonstrating were large because local politicians did not show enough concern and opposition to this oilspill. In particular, they did not take advantage of this exceptional opportunity he tabulations have come in from Euzkadi over 75% of schoolchildren are to ask for more power for Brittany in the the departments of Brittany for the now being educated in Basque or Catalan. field of a real sea policy... so the next time, T beginning of the new school year It was illegal to speak these languages in we will be, once again excluded from the 1999-2000 and although only provisional public as recently as 1975 under the decisions made by government bodies. estimates can be given the picture Fascist Franco régime. In the case of A TMO-Pol! revealed that the French emerging is one of continuing expansion Basque the turn around is proving so consider the people they have elected as in enrolment and of an expansion of the successful that the number of Basque- guilty with regard to the lack of sea traffic infrastructure of new schools to serve speakers has risen from about 700,000 in regulations. In terms of catastrophes the more and more communities. Kannadig 1979 to about 1.1 million in 1999, (out of French in genera! and the conservatives in the publication of Unvaniezh ar a population of 2.8 million), and because particular tend to expect help from the Gellenerien Brezhoneg, the Union of of the very real successes being scored not state... The government promised 400 Breton Language Teachers indicates in it's only in schools and in the civil service but million FF for professional purposes November issue that both the number of in the expanded use of Basque in the home (fishing & tourism) on the coast. children enrolled in Breton medium and in the community, some people are of Unfortunately, two months later the funds schools whether in Diwan (private), Div the opinion that the Basque Revival are still in Paris. Even worse, local Yezh (public) or Dihun (Catholic) and Efforts are the most successful since those politicians are annoyed to hear that Total- those primary and secondary students of Hebrew in Palestine between 1890 and Fina might be allowed to ask for money taking Breton as a subject has risen 1920. (It appears that Basque is even from the Fipol. At present the lawyers are sharply again this year. In Brittany several advancing southwards at the expense of on the starting blocks. Wait and see. After a schools also opened for the first time but Spanish in Alava province). meeting on the 8th of February, with the the outright obstruction by the French Elsewhere in Western Europe of course Prime Minister L. Jospin, the Presidents ot Government in the case of the new Diwan minority language education remains far in the three Atlantic regions involved were secondary school at Carhaix/Karaez which advance of Brittany. There is no optimistic. At the end of February, a still does not have proper facilities for comparison between the tolerant and meeting in Naoned must confirm students leaves no room for illusion about progressive minded behaviour of governmental help. Meanwhile the Breton the attitude of the French Government. Switzerland toward education in Raetian socialist leader J.Y. Le Drian pushed Encouragingly however total Breton or of Germany towards Sorbian language forward proposals for Euro Coast Guards. medium enrolment expanded from 4,832 education or of the cooperative attitude of On the 8th of February, two months in September 1998 to 5,662 in September the Dutch Government towards Frisian after the disaster, the Prime Minister 1999. The final figure after all tabulations medium schools and the medieval and confirmed two important facts. First of all have come in is expected to be closer to small-minded behaviour of the French the oil (No 2) is not carcinogenic even if 5,800. The new figures indicate that 1.51% Government towards her minority scientists ask volunteers to wear gloves. of all primary students and 0.3% of all language schools. We can with reason Secondly, shellfish, oysters etc. are not secondary students are being educated hope the progress of recent years continues polluted in open sea areas. through the medium of Breton. The and it appears that the Breton people are existing figures also indicate an increase of creating a fait accompli and have learned Breton Scientists Accuse the State 23% over the 1998/1999 school year. that they must rely on their own initiative One month after the first events 15 There is now little doubt that Breton to continue making the revolutionary Breton scientists from Brest university medium education will soon be in the changes which they are in fact making. (IUEM) accused the state of excluding range of 5% to 10% of all students in Diarmuid Ô Néill them from the diagnosis. This situation is Brittany representing a dramatic very surprising because they had a unique breakthrough in teaching the language to experience with the Amoco oilspill. As a the young. Breizh-lzel continues to show consequence, no environmental diagnosis the strongest rate of growth climbing from existed in January. The recommendations 1.9% to 2.43% of primary students in that had been made after the Amoco Finistere/Penn ar Bed but Breton medium disaster did not reach the coastal councils. education is also making inroads in Upper Therefore, a lot of mayors allowed heavy Brittany as well with enrolment climbing tractors on beaches as well as hot water on by 30% in the two eastern departments of APPEAL the rocks. So nature will take much more U ha Gwilen/IIle et Vilaine and Liger Erica’s Oillspill time to recover from the oilspill. At the end Atlantel/Loire Atlantique. of the day this oilspill shows us clearly that Despite the initial setbacks it is now we were expecting too much from the clear that Breton medium education has Following the Erika Oilspill disaster government bodies (COM + Cedre + taken root and is expanding despite the Bretagne Vivante have set up an Polmar-Plan...). We did not take Amoco’s uncooperative and obstructive attitude of organisation to help save the birds and to experience into account sufficiently. For the French Government. It is not wildly protect the environment in the affected scientific analysis French people are not optimistic or unrealistic to predict a time area. Many members of the group work willing to ask for a private independent lab. in the next twenty years or so where over a hard to rescue the birds, take care of them to take on the task. It seems clear that the quarter or a third of the children in the and let them go free. prevention of sea pollution needs a non­ Breton departments are being educated The group is appealing for financial aid to governmental organisation in Europe. You through the medium of Breton. It may help the birds to survive. know, short money K.O. environmental even be that Brittany is following in the Please send your contributions to: goals... Euro Coast Guards are the main direction of the Basques and Catalans in Bretagne Vivante - SEPNB, 180, rue hope for the future. regards to education. In both Catalonia and Anatole. France, BP 32, 29276, BREST Gi Keltik Cedex, Breizh/Brittany, France, Europe. Campaigner faces prison

A member of' Cylch yr Iaith, Geraint Jones from Trefor west of Caernarfon, appearing before Caernarfon magistrates, stated that he would not pay fines imposed on him for refusing to buy a television licence as part of Cylch yr laith’s Mae’r Frwydr Yn Dal I Fynd — campaign against the Anglicisation of S4C and Radio Cymru, and was prepared Peidiwch À Llaesu Dwylo Eto! to go to prison. Increasingly, untranslated English interviews and non-Welsh deng mlynedd yn 61 a mwy ‘roedd didrugaredd yn parhau dan fygwth torri speaking guests are being used in the digon o gyfnodolion cenedlaetholgar goruchafiaeth y Gymraeg yn yr ychydig Welsh broadcast media. Mr Jones Dyng Nghymru yn yraddangos yn ardaloedd sydd ar 61 lie mae hi’n dal yn challenged the magistrates to give an rheolaidd ac yn fynych. Byddai Plaid brif iaith, ac yn glastwreiddio’r Cymry unconditional discharge, as has been given Cymru yn cyhoeddi ‘Y Ddraig Goch’ bob ymhellach yn yr ardaloedd, oedd tan yn to other activists in this campaign. mis yn Gymraeg, a’r Welsh Nation yn ddiweddaryn Gymraeg lie mae wedi gafael Saesneg a byddai ‘Tafod y Ddraig’ yn yn barod. Ac mae gofyn bob dydd ymddangos yn fisol hefyd. Byddai gwrthsefyll gormes y coloneiddwyr sydd cyhoeddiadau mwy radical byth, fel eiddo'r yn ein broydd yn barod, WiU micuoso^c use Gweriniaethwyr, yn ymddangos yn Ar ben gwynebu gelyniaeth y rhai y achlysurol. Ond pa mor ami y bydd papur disgwyliem iddynt ein gwrthwynebu, mae Cyrrmaeg? gan Blaid Cymru yn dod allan y dyddiau enghreifftiau o fradychu egwyddorion i’w yma? Pa mor ami y gwelwn *Y Tafod’ cael o fewn y mudiad cenedlaethol hefyd. The Microsoft Corporation has erbyn hyn? Mae’n ymddangos Fel petasai’r Mae’n debyg bod nifer o aelodau Plaid refused to translate their software into ewyllys i ysgrifennu a chyhoeddi neges y Cymru wedi cefnogi’r colon Roynon yn Sir Welsh. This is a degradation of the mudiad cenedlaethol wedi mynd yn Gaerfyrddin - dyna Helen Mary Jones, AC status of the language as the use of wannach. Achos nid diffyg arian ydyw’r Llanelli, yn ymosod ar Gymdeithas yr Iaith computers increases in the increasing broblem, hyd y gwelaf i, ond diffyg am alw am ymddiswyddiad Roynon. Yr un number of W'clsh-medium schools in ysgrifenwyr a diffyg diddordeb. Yr ydyni Helen Mary Jones sydd ddim yn defhyddio Wales. Microsoft have translated ni sydd yn cyhoeddi Cam yn cael yr un dim Cymraeg yn y Cynulliad. Dim ond software into some other minoritised anawsterau. Mae digon yn digwydd y Saesneg ddefnyddiodd wrth areithio ar 61 ei languages such as those of the Basque dyddiau yma sydd yn berthnasol i’n brwydr buddugoliaeth ym mis Mai, ac wrth dyngu Country and Catalonia, whose ni’r cenedlactholwyr am Gymru Rydd llw'r Cynulliad, er bod rhai aelodau heb governments exerted pressure and paid Gymraeg (neu o leiaf am yr amgylchiadau fod yn rhugl eu Cymraeg wedi gwneud grants to Microsoft. Cymdeithas yr Iaith a fydd yn galluogi'r Cymry i barhau yn ymdrech i’w siarad. A dyna Ieuan ‘Party of arc urging Microsoft to recognise Welsh genedl) - yr ymateb i ddigwyddiadau yn ein Wales’ Jones yn cyfiawnhau siarad Saesneg and urging our Assembly to be ready to Cynulliad Cenedlaethol, cyfeiriad y frwydr ym mhrif siambr y Cynulliad drwy give financial assistance. Anyone am statws i’n hiaith, ac, wrth gwrs, cwmwl ddweud, mewn geiriau eraill, ei fod eisiau willing to help persuade Microsoft that du'r Mewnlifiad. Ond nid ydyw ein i’r colons ym Mon ei ddeall ! (A ydynt yn there is demand for their products in hapeliadau am erthyglau gan ein haelodau rhy ddwl i ddefnyddio’r offer cyfieithu?) Welsh should visit www.microsoft.com am yr agweddau o’r frwydr genedlaethol y Mae gwleidyddiaeth yn gofyn bod yn and leave a message in the appropriate maent yn weithgar ynddynt neu à realistig ac yn ymarferol, ond mae’r rhain place. diddordeb ynddynt yn dwyn ffrwyth. yn egwyddorion sylfaenol. Pan fydd Mae’r hinsawdd wleidyddol yng mudiad gwleidyddol yn cefnu ar ei Nghymru wedi newid yn sgil hegwyddorion sylfaenol, bydd rhai o’u datblygiadau’r blynyddoedd diwethaf. Mae cefnogwyr selocaf yn peidio a gweld gennym lywodraeth yng Nghymru ‘roan. rheswm i’w chefnogi bellach. Hyd yma, Mae’r egvvyddor o roi statws i’r Gymraeg lleiafrif bach ydyw’r garfan wrth- The BBC in London have asked BBC wedi dod yn fwy parchus; mae genedlaetholgar ym Mhlaid Cymru (ac Wales to remove the dragon logo which dwyieithrwydd (arwynebol) yn fwy esiampl oedd son am y Blaid yma). Ond appears at the start of BBC Wales’s cyffredin a bodolaeth y cwango iaith mae’n werth cofio bod mudiadau television news. London believe that it is ariannog yn dangos hynny. Mae gwrth- cenedlaetholgar yn gal I u gwynebu too nationalistic, Reacting with surprise, Gymreigrwydd agored wedi cael ei ymylu gelyniaeth oddi mewn yn ogystal ag oddi BBC Wales have said that they would give mwy a’i gyfyngu i rai elfennau yn y Blaid allan. no commitment to remove the dragon Lafur a’r Blaid Dori'aidd a llythyrau yn y Mae’r frwydr yn dal i fynd. Peidiwch a logo, though such designs are periodically Wasg. llaesu dwylo eto! changed. Ond mae’r angen am unigolion a Robat ap Tomos This request is part of a xenophobic mudiadau i gynnal y frwydr am Gymru Summary response in England towards what are rydd Gymraeg mor daer ag erioed. Nid Recent political changes, such as the seen as over-enthusiastic displays of ydyw’r Cynulliad yn ddigon pcerus i setting up o f the National Assembly, seem Welsh or Scottish nationality. Such ddiwallu’r angen am ymreolaeth a all to have given to some a false sense o f reactions have become more common sicrhau dyfodol i Gymru fel cenedl, dim security - that everything is going our way since the granting of devolution to Cymru mwy nag mae’r cwango iaith yn ddigon i and that we can relax. But the need to work and Alba which seems to have caused sicrhau dyfodol i’n hiaith na gwarchod for more self-government and the rightful something of an identity problem among hawliau ei siaradwyr. Ac mae’r Mewnlifiad place for our language is as great as ever. some of the English. Note Plaid Hold Ceredigion Without Difficulty A reminder o f where we stand was given as soon as Simon Thomas entered hree of Plaid Cymru’_£ four Westminster. While he was reciting his oath Westminster MP’s stood fof and won o f allegiance in Welsh, as was his right, Tseats in the National Assembly last some English Tory MP's heckled and year. They all stated that they would step mocked. down from Westminster in order to be able to concentrate on Assembly work.. While Dafydd Wigley (Caernarfon) and leuan Wyn Jones (Ynys Mon) represent the same seats in Cardiff and London, Cynog Dafis had the more complex task of being MP for Labour Bring National Ceredigion, and a list member for the Mid & West region in the Assembly which Assembly Into Disrepute involves concentrating on representing those constituencies in the region which do ince last year’s election Cynulliad not have a Plaid constituency member. Cenedlaethol Cymru /the National Simon nomas. MP (Ceredigion, though in Mid & West region, SAssembly of Wales has been run by a is represented by Plaid’s Elin Jones). For minority Labour administration (Labour this reason Cynog Dafis became the first being the largest party but with less than the 1997 percentage of the vote and nearly half of the seats) under Alun Michael, a ‘dual mandate’ member to resign his seat in twice the number of votes of the Liberal London and cause a by-election, which was leader imposed by Labour’s headquarters in Democrat who came second. The Labour London against the wishes of the Labour held on February 3rd. candidate, who was English, did Ceredigion, an ancient Welsh kingdom, is party in Wales and Welsh people in general. particularly badly - a reflection of attitudes As we moved into the second half-year of on the west coast of Mid Wales and is a to Tony Blair’s government and the way rural area where the natives are mainly the first National Assembly, the question Labour are running the Assembly. has been asked in the Press, what has the Welsh-speaking but they are becoming The question now arises of Plaid's other more and more diluted by the Mewnlifiad Assembly achieved so far? And the answer dual mandated members. This result shows many have to this is ‘very little’. The or in-flow of English into rural Wales that Plaid can voluntarily precipitate a by- Labour administration has lacked any sort which has been going on in earnest since election without angering their voters, and of vision or idealism as to its role in the late seventies. Attracted by the pleasant a by-election in Caernarfon could be running Wales. Their sole inclination has scenery and low house prices, the expected to produce a similar result to been to carry out the wishes of the Labour immigrants and their children now make up Ceredigion. Hywel Williams is the government in London. They have been nearly half the population of Ceredigion. prospective Plaid candidate to succeed very fortunate in that the three opposition Some of them learn Welsh and make a Dafydd Wigley. Marginal Ynys Mon. valuable contribution to Welsh life, but parties, Plaid Cymru (left-wing, pro-self- where the immigrant population is higher government), the Conservatives (right- most do not see themselves as having again than in Ceredigion, is a trickier wing, hard unionist) and the Liberal moved to another country (“it is all matter for Plaid to decide. Eilian Williams Democrats (centre, but the Assembly group Britain") and do not assimilate, and the is the prospective Plaid candidate here. is more unionist than their party is Mewnlifiad is having a profound linguistic, There are also four Labour AC’s/MP’s generally), are so ideologically far apart cultural and, to some extent, political effect who hold seats in Cardiff and London and that they have rarely been able to unite on on Welsh Wales. who have all said that they will give up Plaid had first won Ceredigion in the any issue and out-vote Labour. Plaid their London seats to concentrate on the Cymru, the main opposition party, have 1992 state General Election, the one before Assembly. There is pressure on them to tried to discuss policies with Labour, but the last, when Cynog Dafis improved stand down before the next Westminster Plaid’s position from fourth the previous when Labour have looked like being out­ general election too. They are Alun voted they have shyed away from taking time to gain the seat from the established Michael, the former Prif Ysgrifennydd, action, rather than compromise on the Liberal Democrat Geraint Howells in what who represents Cardiff South & Penarth in orders they have been given from Millbank was one of Plaid's most spectacular London and is a list member for Mid & victories ever. Had it not been for (English Labour’s HQ). Plaid’s West in Cardiff (since his fall from office ‘constructive opposition’ approach could Howells’s personal popularity, it is thought there is some speculation as to whether have worked with a minority administra­ that Ceredigion would have followed the Michael will reverse his earlier decision tion keen to operate their own policies and similar rural seats further north into Plaid and stay in London rather than Cardiff), willing to compromise and co-operate, but hands earlier. In the first defence of the seat and representing the same seats in the two with Labour only interested in copying and in the 1997 General Election Plaid parliaments are Rhodri Morgan (Cardiff obeying the will of London, there is no consolidated their majority, taking over West), John Marrek (Wrecsam) and Ron room for compromise. In fact the approach 40% of votes, and Ceredigion began to Davies (Caerffili). The first three of these of Alun Michael and his New Labour resemble Plaid’s more established seats seats are Anglicised unionist areas where a group defeats the whole object of being a where most of the Welsh population are Westminster by-election would be devolved administration. They might as Plaid voters. This trend was confirmed in dominated by the struggle between the well be civil servants. last year’s Assembly elections when Elin English parties, but from a nationalist point Matters came to a climax in February Jones increased the vote even further. of view Caerffili is more interesting since when, after repeatedly being unable to There was some concern that Plaid have substantial support in the area obtain co-operation from Labour, Plaid precipitating a by-election voluntarily and came a close second in the Assembly Cymru proposed a vote of no confidence in might make some voters react negatively to elections. Alun Michael as Prif Ysgrifennydd of Plaid. However, Simon Thomas won the Robat ap Tomos Wales, nominally because of his failure to seat comfortably with a small increase on challenge London about the amount of funding being given to Wales, but really Colonials hit County Council because of Michael’s whole attitude to governing Wales and the disrepute which ontroversy has broken out regarding he had brought on the National .Assembly. the employment policy of the county The lories, the third party, would have Ccouncil of Sir Gaerfyrddin liked a vote of this type much earlier, but /Carmarthenshire. This county, in the South they do not believe in constructive West, has the highest number of Welsh opposition or government by negotiation, speakers in Wales, though the percentage is they just attack their opponents at any second highest, slightly lower than opportunity. With the three opposition Gwynedd. It has been noticed that a parties united for the vote, it was a number of key posts in the county foregone conclusion. Alun Michael administration, for which a knowledge of resigned as Prif Ysgrifennydd before the Welsh is required, have been given to vote, rather than be effectively sacked, but people from England on condition that they the vote of no confidence in his leadership learn Welsh (though the monitoring of this was still passed. Michael could have fought is dubious). Major protests erupted when on and stood for re-election, but the Labour the administration decided that the Director qualifications means that English are group quickly abandoned him and chose of Education should be replaced, and the sometimes appointed in Gwynedd, though it is made clear that Welsh is the language Rhodri Morgan, the member who vvas post, with responsibility for the county's of the authori ty and the appointment is defeated by Alun Michael, despite the schools, was handed over temporarily to a conditional oil learning the language. In support of most of Labour in Wales, in the recruit from London who had no practice, certain appointees have acquired leadership contest rigged by Millbank in knowledge of Welsh or experience of Wales, while recruitment for the permanent only limited Welsh and some are actively 1996. Mr Morgan, AC for Cardiff West, post was in progress. A leading expert on anti-Welsh. was subsequently confirmed as Prif education in Wales has expressed the view The perceived anti-Welsh recruitment Ysgrifennydd. that the former Director of Education was prejudice had prompted some to consult the So with Rhodri Morgan AC as Prif quite competent, and certainly belter suited Commission for Racial Equality. The protest Ysgrifennydd, the new Welsh government to filling in over the temporary period than against this latest appointment has been enters its second chapter. The new Prif a stranger from England. Behind these driven by numerous organisations, including Ysgrifennydd is further to the left than dealings is believed to be the authority’s UCAC (the Welsh teachers' union), the local Alun Michael, has been a more enthusiastic Chief Executive, Brad Roynon, himself aclod cynulllad (Rhodri Glyn Thomas of supporter of devolution and is a more English, who was appointed a few years Plaid Cyrnni) and Cymdelthas yr laith who articulate Welsh speaker. It is hoped that he ago (not without controversy) on condition organised* a rally in Caerfyrddin will be less inclined to bow to the dictates that he learn Welsh. He has studied the /Carmarthen and painted the words ‘Dim of New Labour in London. language, and acquired the basics, but it is hyder’ (No confidence i.e. in the reported that he is far from having a administrators’ understanding of the needs working ability. (This became startlingly of Wales) on the walls of the county hall. apparent in the spluttering mess he made of Robat ap Tomos reading out the crucial Carmarthenshire result In the devolution referendum in “Price of Blairite 1997.) In the recruitment of high level staff, it seems that Roynon uses an English Cymraeg in the Control Freakery” recruitment company whose candidates National Assembly come from South East England, and advertisement of posts locally, indeed in Following their influential document on the ommenting on the resignation of Wales, is minimal. Arriving in Wales to use of Welsh in the National Assembly, Alun Michael as the Labour First further their careers, without intending to ‘Dwyieithrwydd Gweithredol’, Cymdeithas CSecretary of Wales - in advance of a move to another country or considering yr laith have published a set of guidelines no confidence motion about the themselves to have done so, and having to for using the language in committees Government’s refusal to match-fund undergo the ‘'ignominy” of Welsh lessons because it seems that the use of Welsh here Objective One assistance for Wales - the with the nominal danger of losing their is made more difficult by committee leader of the Scottish National Party Mr. posts If progress is insufficient, it is natural chairmen being unaware of how to hold a Alex Salmond MSP said: ‘'This is further for these colonisers to see more of their meeting bilingually. Entitled Arwain o'r evidence that London Labour are in total own type fill senior posts rather than watch gadair (‘Leading from the chair’), the disarray - in Scotland, in Wales, in enthusiastic Welsh speakers, who would be document is based on similar guidelines London, and increasingly throughout the more likely to draw attention to the colons’ operated by the government of Canada whole UK. linguistic inadequacies, climb the ladder. In which is seen as an excellent example of a "Labour's shambles in Wales is the price this way the colons, like cuckoos in nests, thoroughly bilingual government ensuring of Tony Blair's control freakery, and gradually take over the main reins of full status for French and English. clumsy attempts to control everything from Influence in a local authority. In addition, Cymdelthas have called on London. Colonialism has not yet hit the broadcasting companies in Wales to ensure "London Labour s control freakery led administration of Gwynedd, our most that there is no discrimination on their to their slump into fourth place in the Welsh county in more than one way, to this English-language news coverage against extent. It would be unthinkable, for recent Welsh by-election, and they show AC's who use Welsh in the Assembly. example, for a monoglot English speaker to every sign o f suffering a similar fate in There has been a tendency for contributions be put in charge of Gwynedd schools. Ayr... ” to debates made in Welsh (which always However, here too, the problem exists. A have simultaneous translation) to be shortage of Welsh speakers with certain ignored. A.ir-lVliss O v e r A n g l e s e y I is scandalous that the British the satellite airfield at Mona drifted off Ministry o f Defence have kept quiet course and came within 100’ of collision new political party was formed at a about an air-miss involving two RAF with another trainer from Valley. rally in Machynlleth in January Hawk trainers over the airfield’s complex It speaks volumes for the air traffic with the name Cymru Annibynnol on Anglesey in March last year. control system covering Anglesey that A /Independent Wales Party. The party was The Celtic League recently expressed controllers did not wake up to the incident formed to continue the struggle of Owain concerns about RAF operations involving and only the action of the pilots averted Glynddr 600 years after the start of his (for the Hawk trainer. We specifically cited air disaster. a time) successful campaign to free Wales activity in and around the Valley complex, In November, following an air accident from English rule. Dissatisfaction with the which abuts Irish sea air routes, and the near a nuclear power station in Scotland, National Assembly, and also with the Wylfa nuclear power station. The aircraft we wrote to both the MOD and Irish and direction of Plaid Cymru, were also cited as also use the civil airfield at Ronaldsway in Manx governments about the possible reasons for the need of the new party, in the Isle of Man and the base was the dangers posed by air activity near nuclear which Gwynedd county councillor Owain subject of controversy over the training of plants. Amongst others we cited the North Williams is a prominent member. (Cllr. Indonesian personnel as pan of a contract Wales training complex at Valley. Williams was an independent nationalist by Britain which supplied Hawks used for Both the Irish and Manx governments councillor). It is intended to give further repression in East Timor. have echoed the League’s concerns over coverage and a more detailed account of The MOD, in correspondence, this issue. Anglesey resident and member this development in Cam. The party may responded to our concerns and confirmed of the Stop the Hawks campaign. Rev. be visited on: several accidents in recent years but were Emyln Richards, has called for an end to www.independentwales.com. tight lipped about the Anglesey air-miss in the RAF pilot training in the area. which it appears that an RAF Hawk from J B Moffatt

WELSH GOVERNMENT IS BUGGED Mystery Shutdown t has emerged that e-mail passed within the Welsh Assembly’s intranet system At Wylfa Iis being monitored by the English secret service. During the winter civil servants of the English government in he elderly nuclear plant at Wylfa London have been found to possess on Anglesey has shut down both confidential material passed within the reactors. Although spokespersons 600lh Anniversary of Owain T Assembly. Welsh authorities have at the plant are playing things down it is Glyndâr uprising condemned this intrusion. While there clearly an unusual incident for both he 16th September 2000 will be the ought not to be much suspicion between the reactors to be taken offline. 600lh anniversary of the proclamation of current English and Welsh governments, Wylfa, one of the old Magnox power T Owain Glynddr as Prince of Wales in 1400, both run by the same party, this breaching stations, is now almost forty years old and which was the first act in the largest and of Assembly internal security, which there has been debate about the wisdom of most successful rising against English rule Assembly authorities have not yet managed continuing the operation of this type of in Wales since the conquest completed in to stem, would appear to have been set up power station. 1283, and which resulted in the in anticipation of a time when the politics In 1993 Wylfa was the site of a serious establishment of a sovereign Welsh state for of the governments in Cardiff and London nuclear incident, when a parasol grab fell a number of years. A number of events to are of different colours. into one of the reactor fuel channels. This commemorate the beginning of this rising resulted in the company that operated it are taking place. In a speech made in being fined £250,000 (£400,000 with January in Machynlleth at the site of costs') for safety breaches. Glynddr’s parliament, the then Prif In 1987 the British nuclear consultant, Ysgrifennydd, Alun Michael AC, said that Post Office treachery Dr. John Large, who has produced many Owain Glynddr led Wales in the direction in reports on nuclear industry safety, told a oncerns are growing in the Cymru which he believed her best interests lay, and seminar at Bray (Co. Dublin) that a branch about an element in the Post the present Labour administration was doing serious accident at Wylfa would lead to Office who, contrary to Post Office the same today - an interesting attempt to C high levels of contamination in Ireland. official policy, are running a vendetta reconcile nationalism with unionism. The He was comparing the situation with the against nationalists and those who use Prif Ysgrifennydd was presented with a incident at Chernobyl- Welsh on post. A minor incident involved a copy of a plate commemorating the There have been a number of serious postman refusing to accept items of post anniversary, one of several commemorative nuclear incidents/events at many of the (addressed to a previous resident) to be goods which will be appearing this year. It is stations around tire Irish Sea over the past returned to the sender at the house of a significant that last year, 1999, not only saw decade. The Celtic League has sought branch member because the directions to the beginning of the first Welsh parliament information from the British Minister for do this were written only in Welsh. But since that held by Glynddr in the early 15lh the Environment about the latest Wylfa much more sinister occurances have century, but that the family on whose lands problem. happened involving the Cymru branch and Owain Glynddr was buried finally revealed Bernard MoifStt other organisations, an investigation into his resting place after keeping it a secret for which is still in progress. nearly €00 years. turasanna ¡dir leathlà go 3 seachtaine agus bionn taisteal ann idir na tiortha Ceilteacha, rud a dhaingntonn an nasc atà idir na tiortha seo agus a leagann béim in aigne an turasóra ar an gcultur atà i geoiteann eadrainn - an cultùr Ceilteach. Nuair atà buion ann a bhfuil suim acu sa chultiir Ceilteach, is féidlr leo eachtrai speisialta a sholàthar ar nós Cèlli, Fest Noz An Turasóireacht - nó Noson Llawen, siamsaiocht, rince agus ceol. An rud is tàbhachtai faoi seo go léir deis chun ár gcultúr a léiriú nà gur turas Ceilteach atà ar siùl ag an gcuairteoir mar go dtugann sé é nó i gar do bhi lena shloinne féin agus fuair sé amach eis an Eoraip mar aonad mór anois, na fiorCheiltigh. Rud tàbhachtach é seo, go go raibh ceangal aige le hÉirinn. Deir Les agus na cultúir agus na teangacha hàirithe do dhaoine ó Mheiriceà agus a gur dóigh lets gurbh as Comae an Chláir dá go léir ag meascadh lena cheile, leithéid atà ag lorg a sinsear. Tà Ld’fhéadfaí a áiteamh go bhfuil dearmad shlnsir. á Deir sé gurbh i an tuiscint a bhi leabharlann ollmhór ag Albannach Tours aige ina chuid fréamhacha Albanacha/ dhéanamh ag an mórphobal ar a gcultúr faoi stair agus faoi chultùr na gCeilteach, Éireannacha a spreag a shuim sa Chultúr féin agus ar chultúr na náisiún eile tri aon chomh maith le ceol taifeadta ó na tiortha chultúr amháin, cullúr nach bhfuil Ceilteach ¡ gcoilinne. Bhí sé ag obair ar Ceilteacha. ceangailte leis an am atá caite, a chruthú. bhonn amaitéarach le buíon siúlóide agus Tagami gach saghas duine ar na turasanna rothaíochta ó 1974 ar aghaidh agus fuair sé Ar an láimh eile, an é go bhfuil na cúrsai seo. Ma tà fadhb ag daoine an teanga a seo go léir ag spreagadh daoine chun an cháil locht Suaitheantas Corni nó Treoraí filleadh ar a ndúchas féin? Tá an fhianaise ann chun an filleadh seo ar an duchas a léiriú. Tá daoine nach raibh ró-bhuartha faoina gcultúr dúchais féin go dti seo ag aithint go bhfuil na struchtúir nua riaracháin, atá míle uair nios mó ná na struchtúir stáit a bhí ann go dti seo, ag tarraingt mhuintir na hEorpa i dtreo lárchultúir nua, cultúr atá bunaithe ar luachanna nua-aimseartha geilleagair seachas ar luachanna traidisiúnta pobail. NH fonn ar na daoine seo ligint do chultúir a bhfuil siad bródúil astu imeacht ar fad san aonad mór seo, An Eoraip. Bíonn náisiúin i gcónai bródúil as a dtlr agus a gcultúr féin. Is minie go n-éiríonn leo gnéithe dá gcultúr a chur i bhfoirm earra a mbcidh suim ag daoine eile ann agus an t-earra sin a dhlol thar lear chun gnó agus airgead a shaothrú don tír - Turasóireachta Albanach. Chun an Edinburgh Castle sampla maith de sin is ea an turasóireacht chàiliocht sin a bhaint amach, bhi ar chultúir. Ach cén fáth go dtiocfadh daoine scrúduithe teoiriciúia agus praiticiùia a thuiscint, solathrbfar seirbhis aistriuchdin ó Mheiriceá agus ó thíortha na Meánmhara dhéanamh, chomh maith le 'mórtheanga' d6ibh. Tagann an-chuid de na turasoiri go dti na Tiortha Ceilteacha, mar shampla? eachtrannach a bheith aige. chun an radharcra stairiuil a fheiscint n6 Is cinnte nach le haghaidh na gréineét Sna scrúduithe praiticiùia, bhi air buion a chun an t-atmaisfear sna tiortha Ceilteacha An fáth go dtagann siad ná go bhfuil thabhairt timpeall ar àiteanna stairiúla - a bhlaiseadh, biodh sleibhte, gleannta, suim acu i gcultúr agus stair na gCerlteach Caisleàn Smighlea, mar shampla. Tar éis na bailte no fiu an chraic Cheilteach i geeist. agus sa tslí go bhfuil an cultúr sin ag dul i scrúduithe, thuig sé an bheama mhór a bhi Bionn dha phriomhshaghas turais ann - nglcic le riachtanais agus dúshláin an lae ina chuid foghlama óna laethanta scoile Area Tour no an Celtic Highlight Tour, inniu. Ach cad is fiú dóibh teacht go dti na maidir le stair a thire féin. Mar sin, ceann a dtdann an-chuid Meiriceanach ata tiortha seo mura bhfuil treoir éigin cheart theastaigh uaidh féin tuilleadh a fhoghlaim ar lorg a sinsear Ceilteach air. An ceann ann dóibh. An fiú daoine a thabhairt go dti agus ansin an stair cheart a léiriú do eile na ceann bunaithe ar abhar airithe - an na tiortha Ceilteacha mura mbeidh ann dhaoine eile. Rciiigiun Ceilteach, mar shampla. Mar sin, rompu ach iomhá shaorga éigin den Ach tà sé deacair maireachtàil san saghas coimeddann siad an cultur Ceilteach beo ni bhfíorchultúr? Ni mór an turasóireacht seo gnó mura bhfuil tú lonnaithe i amhain tri thurasdiri a thabhairt timpeall ar chultúir a dhíriú ar ghnéithe beo briomhara nGlaschú nó i nDún Eideann agus tú ag na tiortha Ceilteacha ach iad a chur ar an den chultúr ársa atá againn. Mura ndéantar díriú ar an margadh traidisiúnta - Is i eolas faoin gcultur arsa ata againn, cultur san, is rud bréige é. Leodhas atà Albannach Tours. An aidhm ata f6s beo, mar is eol do leitheoirl CARS, Sampla den iarracht nua atá á déanamh sa atà acu agus ag comhlachtal turasóireachta sa chuid seo d'iarthuaisceart na hEorpa. treo seo is ea an tseirbhis a sholáthraionn mar iad nà go ndéanann siad an turas go Fionn Uibh Eacbach Les Mac an Ultaigh in Albain. Bhunaigh léir a eagrú ó thus deireadh, taisteal agus Summary Les Albannach Tours sa bhliain 1990. Is lóistln san áireamh. Mar sin, ni amháin go With a growing standardisation across duine é a chonaic an bhearna a bhi sa dtreoraionn siad an bhuion timpeall na Europe there is evidence o f an increased mhargadh ¡ ndiaidh dó suim a chur ina dtiortha Ceilteacha ach go n-eagraionn siad interest in cultural heritage. Many visitors ainm féin. Dhein sé taighde ar an mbri a na cúrsai taistil frelsin. Maircann na to the Celtic countries from America and AnTurasoireacht... (contd) Irish Language Book Service Call for Adequate on Internet Europe are attracted by the culture and TG4 Funding history of the Celts. new Irish language bookshop has An example o f a new enterprise in this been operating on the Internet The past President of Comhdhail Naisiunta area is 'Albunnach T oursthe agency run since Nov. last. It is located in na Gaeilge (The Coordinating Body for by Les Mac an Ultaigh, from Stornaway on Athe Corea Dhuibhne Gaeltacht in KerryIrish Language Organisations), Padraig the Isle of Lewis since 1990 Having and the address is: www.litriocht.com. Mac Donncha, has strongly criticised the achieved qualification as an official There is a list of 3,000 Irish language Government for their handling of TG4 (the Scottish tour guide he developed books on the site, with divisions into renamed TnaG). He said, “Unfortunately, 'Atbannach Tours’ as a comprehensive Language, Children, Education, Music, we have previous experience of this. When service which would not only direct groups Poetry, History etc. It is hoped eventually something is founded, inadequate funding around the Celtic countries but make all to have reviews in English and Irish for and resources are provided, thereby travel arrangements also. Tours vary front all titles alongside the cover design. The ensuring that excellence can never be half a day to three weeks and involve Mac Gearailt family who run the achieved. This cannot be allowed to happen travel between the Celtic countries, a enterprise expressed satisfaction with to TG4. The Irish speaking community is feature that emphasises the links and progress to date. Most sales have gone to entitled to a service in as high a standard as common Celtic culture. Specific interests the US but they were disappointed with that provided in any other language. While can be specially catered for, such as b est sales in Ireland the station had shown it had the capacity to Noz, Ceills or Noson Llawen or indeed produce good quality programmes the assistance in searching for ancestors. A proposed Broadcasting Bill does nothing to wide variety o f people come along. Tours Learn Irish on the Phone! ensure that. There is no provision in the are Area Tours. Celtic Highlight tours or Bill for adequate continuous resourcing nor can be ones covering special topics, such Muintir Chrónáin, the Irish language will the station be put on an independent promotion group centred on Clondalkirt in as Celtic Religion for example. All footing.” information can be obtained from Les at: southwest Dublin, has launched a CD that TG4 only obtains a direct subvention of can be used on a phone system to learn Albunnach Tours, 1 Totnuir, Bulallun, £14m a year for programmes in Irish and Irish. The system, Gaelfón, can be used as Eilean Leodhas, HS2 9PT, Alba. obtains in the order of a further £6m of Tel/Fax 01 SSI X .W 33 supplied or adapted to a particular business programmes from RTF.. Unless funding is or message. Sponsorship came from a increased there will be no increase in the number of banks and businesses. present number of hours broadcast in Irish. The station has increasingly padded out its Second Irish Language schedule at the extremities and around Café for Dublin teatime with English language films or old English language programmes. However its he end of last year saw the opening yearly £20m may be compared with more of Dublin’s first Irish language than four medium restaurant/café in Dublin times that T amount of a at the bottom of Kildare St, l>áil Bia. They serve full meals along with a range budget for of high quality sandwiches and salads, all S4C in through the medium of Irish (menus Wales. bilingual) and appear to be doing well. Now they will be joined by another café, run by Gael Linn - not that far away in rish language writers will be Dawson St - 3D. They will concentrate on the ever-growing specialised sandwich discriminated against severely by the marketonly and will be open seven days a Idecision of the committee of Listowel week. Again all Irish speaking staff with Writers Week to limit Irish language entries Irish on the menu. They opened in early to the category sponsored by Bord na March. Gaeilge. The prize here is only X500 while writers in English can submit entries in Irish Drama in London staged GAEILGE IN TOURISM categories with prize funds of £12,000. Having had a successful presentation at Previous prize winners in the then open Christmas (with an attendance of 100), the ne of the principal Dublin section on poetry. Padraig 6 Fearghail and Irish language drama group, Cumann attractions, centred on the mediaeval Padraig 6 Snodaigh denounced the ruling, Chaillin Maude, staged a repeat performance period, Dublinia, has introduced a Otalking guide service in the Irish language. stating that the ostensible reason given, for St Patrick’s Day in the Irish Centre in This was brought in with the assistance of difficulty in getting Irish language Harringey and in Tottenham later in March. Gael-Linn, Udaras na Gaeltachta and Bord adjudicators was nonsense, as Irish quality The play was ‘Margadh an Diabhail' translated from French by Mairead llolte. na Gaeilge. The facility was provided as a adjudicators were available for the The attendance included Manx, Cornish, result of the demand from schools and Oireachtas. They only had to be sought to Welsh and Scots as well as Irish and a visitors. Launching the service the Minister be found. summary in English was provided to aid for State in the Department of Arts, Objections to: Listowel Writers Week, those with little Irish. Mairead runs a series Culture, Gaeltacht and the Islands, Eartton Listowel, Co. Kerry. of Irish classes in London, information from 6 Cuiv, said the provision of the service (0171)2638155. indicated a growth in the demand for Irish. There is no sign of proletarian tendencies The North - Peter and the Wow es in Mr Mandelson. He may well have scuppered the peace process. Perhaps the two month old executive in Stormont was The decision of the English Secretary of its contents. too successful. The Sinn Féin and SDLP State for Northern Ireland, Peter The extreme unionists, whose idea of ministers made quite an impact. Bairbre de Mandelson, to play the Orange card in peace is the surrender of the IRA and the Brim ran her department (of Health) with suspending the institutions set up under the emasculation of the political struggle for a some élan and Martin McGuinness as Good Friday Agreement is indicative both united Ireland, were delighted. The Minister for Education went down like a of a deep streak of opportunism Blairism previous Secretary of State, Mo Mowlam, bomb. and the gauleiter approach of the English was removed from office at their There are some in the unionist camp who establishment to Ireland and the other prompting. Ms Mowlam’s history in see the writing on the wall in regards to the Celtic countries within its sphere of power. relation to Ireland is an interesting one. long-term prospects for the Union and they We got a glimpse of this in the petulance Originally she was pro-unionist and was are prepared to compromise to assure of Prime Minister Blair when faced with brought on board the Blairite leadership as themselves a place in the all-Ireland sun. the downfall of First Minister Alun spokesperson on the Irish North before they Others want to turn the clock back and Michael. His colleague, Mr Mandelson, came to power. Her brief was to replace the revive the United Kingdom in its classic managed to antagonise the Irish pro-Irish unity stance of the English Labour pre-devolution form. government, the SDLP, the Women’s Party (more honoured in the breach, when In February the findings were released of Coalition and the Alliance Party' as well as in government) with a unionist agenda. a survey conducted by Queen’s University, Sinn Féin by his giving in to the UUP First This was in line with the modernist- Belfast, which showed that only 56% of Minister’s threat to resign if the institutions conservative project spearheaded by voters in the Six County area support the were not suspended. Messers Blair and Mandelson and was Union with England. Indeed, some Mr Mandelson ignored a favourable amenable, no doubt, to their rich backers. commentators have spoken of unionism as report by Canadian general, John de On taking office as Secretary' of State Ms being in freefall. Chastaleine, on the intentions of the IFLA Mowlam seems to have been alienated by In the meantime the London government regarding decommissioning in the context the antics and sectarianism of Orangeism. should not be let get away with the line that of demilitarisation of the Six County area. Whether her shift from submission to they are acting as referee between two What is more he lied, first about the accommodation with nationalists was a groups of antagonists. They are, in fact, report’s existence and then about its timing. result of intellectual honesty, proletarian party to the conflict and, historically, its In fact it was on his desk before the instinct or disgust at Orange shenanigans it major cause. The core issue is not one of decision to suspend the institutions was ended with her removal from office and a community relations but the continued announced and that was hours after Irish nasty whispering campaign against her existence of the United Kingdom. government officials had appraised him of directed by the Millbank spin-doctors. Colm de Faoite

New Northern Irish education set at £0.5 million in each of the next two financial years. Indoor Hurling Medium Education Body In addition he initiated a review of the viability criteria for new Irish-medium Series Launched n mid February a few days before the and integrated schools and has asked his suspension of the Northern Executive, officials to conduct an urgent review of Martin McGuinness, the Minister for the viability criteria with the aim of iall Quinn, of Sunderland and IEducation, announced a new promotional reducing the required annual intake for Ireland soccer fame, launched the body for Irish-medium education (Comh- secondary schools to 50 pupils and the junior (9-12) indoor hurling series airle na Gaelscoiaiochta) in the North. required intake for primaries to 15 in Nin Dublin at the end of February. About The Minister said: “This results from urban areas and 12 in the rural areas. 2,000 children and 32 teams will take part. the Good Friday Agreement and from a Some Irish language activists in the The series is being sponsored by Bord na statutory duty on my Department to North expressed disappointment that he Gaeilge for the first time. Niall Quinn encourage and facilitate Irish-medium had initiated a review instead of making played hurling on the Dublin minor county education. This is similar to the duty that an immediate decision himself. team. the Department of Education has in relation to integrated education. This decision marks an important milestone in the development of Irish- medium education here.” Comhairie na Gaelscoiaiochta will include representation from Gaeloiliuint and Altram (support organisations for Irish-medium education) and principals from Irish-medium schools and units, as well as a teacher and parent members and representation from Education and Library Boards, CCMS, NISC/UCET and TACA. The Minister also announced the creation of a trust fund for Irish-medium SOLIDARITÉ IRLANDE Supreme Court Victory for Cautious Welcome For Quarterly Magazine, in French, aimed at Tony Coughlan informing European countries of the Nuclear Dumping developments in Ireland. rinity College lecturer in social policy, 15F - 100FB -4FS. Available from: Report Anthony Coughlan, won a significant Association Solidarité irlande, Centre victory for democracy when he was Social de Pen-Ar-Creach, Rue du T Professeur, Chretien, 29200 Brest, Brittany. he Celtic League cautiously ultimately successful in his challenge in the allocation of time by RTE on a political E-mail: [email protected] welcome the conclusions of an party basis during the 1995 (Divorce) Internet Site: \v.w.w.mygale.org/06/sirl/ TIrish government report, which Referendum. As RTE had allocated time on provides detail on nuclear waste, dumped a political party basis it resulted in an by the British in the Irish sea over four imbalance of four to one in the time being decades. allosved to the Yes and No sides. The Department of the Marine report compiled on the basis of available C all to G round information concludes that the risk from the dumping in the Irish sea, which Defective occurred over four decades, “does not constitute a health hazard”. H elicopter However, the report acknowledged the continued discharges from Sellafield espite talks of decommissioning nuclear power plant. The Irish and disarmament British Forces in government with their Manx counterparts the border areas of the North of monitor the operations from the Sellafield D plant. Ireland are reportedly continuing to construct and supply a string of Army Dr Woods, Minister for the Marine and bases and look out posts. Crucial to the Natural Resources, established the task supply and support operation are force following the discovery of UK helicopters of the British Army Air Corps. official documents, which indicated that However, we can reveal that one of the radioactive waste had been dumped from Anthony Coughlan types operating into these bases and over­ ships in Beaufort’s Dyke in the North The Supreme Court at the end of flying rural villages and isolated fannsteads Irish Sea, in the Firth of Clyde, January, by a vote of 4 to 1 upheld an has a defect which make an accident (or Morecambe Bay, Liverpool Bay and the earlier High Court ruling that unequal accidents) inevitable. Holyhead Deep. allocation of uncontested broadcasting time In 1998 we queried the operation of w hat However, the report also concludes that to both sides in the referendum was we termed “semi-obsolete” helicopter types any seabed activities such as drilling or pipeline laying in the contaminated areas constitutionally unfair. such as the Lynx and Puma in the North Anthony Coughlan, welcomed the results and the safety implications involved. We should not be undertaken. as “an important victory for democracy". based our assessment on revelations five While welcoming the report the “If I had lost this case and the Supreme years earlier that the MoD was scouring the League, who have campaigned for Court had said that inequality in free second-hand helicopter market for twenty-five years on this issue, will continue to press the Irish government to broadcasts is OK because political parties replacements for the types. Headquarters seek further disclosure from the British have special privileges - the right to N. Ireland rejected our assertions and said address their members, the right to that far from being semi-obsolete the Lynx on its sea disposals. J B Moffatt articulate their opinion, and so on - it and Puma complied w'ith relevant civil would have opened the legal path to regulations and were used in the civil and inequality of public funding down the road, military role world-wide. and it’s quite clear from the Attorney However, an accident in Bosnia in General’s submission that political parties December 1998, shortly after we received had been hoping to get that result." the assurance, has revealed that the Lynx of Bessbrook and the potential for disaster He said the Government should now helicopter is fitted with defective parts in is obvious. The MoD decision to put enshrine in law the principle of equal the tail rotor shafts. All are to be repaired aircrew and soldiers at risk is a matter for funding in referenda by drawing up in a programme (now commenced), which them although the morality of their action legislation. will not be completed for two years. is questionable. The Green Party MEP. Ms Patricia Meanwhile the helicopter will continue in Their decision to pose the same risk to McKenna, welcomed the judgement saying operation because of the desperate the civil population in these areas is it copper-fastened the landmark 1995 case shortages of suitable machines of this class. indefensible. that she took against the Government Failure of the tail shaft rotor drive would in STOP PRESS which prevented it from using public all circumstances cause the aircraft to Just 10 days after the League challenged money to advance one side of the divorce plunge into the ground. In the Bosnia the MoD to suspend operations by Lynx referendum campaign. incident 3 men died, it is not the first time helicopters in the North one crashed near Tony Coughlan was closely associated the Lynx has been the subject of the village of Muliaghbawn in S. Armagh. with the Wolfe Tone Society for many controversy, in 1989 a crash in Kenya The South Armagh Farmers and Resident's years and was a leader of the Irish killed nine men. Group, which is campaigning for Sovereignty Movement. He is also Overloaded obsolete Lynx helicopters demilitarisation of the Armagh/Louth incidentally a long-standing member of the frequently fly into congested landed sites border area, echoed our call for the flights Celtic League. such as that in the tiny S. Armagh village to be halted. Ethlays! Ma an only lavarow ha tradicions dro tha Perran eze a tregas than journama a tuchia war methewnep! Rag thera nye laull Piran ew! (ethew e metha), e r n «3 ha Maga vetha vel Perraner! An stennorian usia eva showre a thewas war Gool Perran. Whathe moye, ez ezis a taryvas dreeg Perran merwall der boaz bethes ugge cotha et e owne fentan termen ova metha! Nag igge hebma comparia scantlower eta gen emadge Mehall, an artheall spladn, pewa Casek keßnow? gwethias Kemow. Soo, pewa an leall tasek nye, thanna? lerh thera ve meras antarlik Scilla Roscarrock, remenadow Perran usia tha Ma deaw pedn campier, ha ma cawse vaze Black, Shiner Dall. Drizlebmal, voaz deges en kesker. Spladn ew pezeal tha a niel ha tha e gila! Pewa bennag, an Aonen an dymarrhurian a ve dean broaz o gear daa Perran nenna, whathe na matter ma a dale boaz assoyles, rag daa ew younk athor Kemow, hag oashus luck ova a reeg an scretTar pretendía traveeth dro than thene gothas pewa an ledar nye; ha pehane ew e vaner, anan? e laze ha e bow. En gweer eta, tattoes war e baner, na tha thegre Perran vel tasek. scooth death thera brith baner Perran. Ameth Jeffry Monmouth (12vas Richard Gendail “Baner kenezlack Kemow!” ameth e. cansblethan) Artor reeg poyntia e owne Whathe, pcwa an leali tasek Kcrnow? chaplen Piramus (henew, Perran) vel Précis: Who is Cornwall’s patron saint? Rag nagew an matter dibblans. arthespack an see na. Ke na ellen tristia Pereeg Helena Charles fowndia e Jeffry warbar, na ell boaz nehes dreeg e Today, popularly accepted as Cornwall's cowethians noweth Mihhian Kernow en sengy Perran lowar euhall. Patron Saint is Perran, with his flag, a 1951, hye reeg cuntell Perran ha e vaner An kenza mención a hanow Perran en white cross on a black field. The two were tha voaz arwothall an speres noweth reeg hanow plas a ve Carnperran, en promoted by Helena Charles in setting up dàla tha derevall aman ugge an bressel, hag Perranzabuloe, en 960. Mebyon Kernow in 1951. In 1050 the aheaz rima a ve comeres man en mar vear Mar bell drellen nye judgia, Perran a ve archdeaconry o f Cornwall (there was, at ha mar teffa why ha kerras drcth Kernow en 6as casblethan. that time, no see) had St Michael as its Patron, and during the Middle ages its seal hethow, na wreew buz gwellas an leeas Na whathe, ke vea bith mar vroaz gear showed Michael bearing a shield with a baner gwidn ha du igge a neidga en top daa an zansma, mar teñe ha goofen thor an canzow a weraovv, mesk rima plas derage Eglez pewa tasek Kernow, an gorrub a red cross on a dark, probably blue, field. Les an Contath, ha lowar turrow eglez, vetha Mehall. En gwariow mear Kemuack Both saints have strong claims to be pokene disquethes war thelhar milliow a rna hanow Mehall uses en mollothow regarded as our Patron Saint. It seems that girry. Car dre hevol, ma Perran regardes pecare drew Jory uses genz an Sausen, rag the Church favours Michael, while popular aleaz vel tasek Kemow. Buz thor peleha ew pe ra rima towla By George!, ma an opinion favours Perran. Alas! While devethes oli hebma? Michael's background is one of tight, and En 1838 Davies Gilbert a sereñas dro tha protector o f Cornwall, Perran is usually Perran: Ethewa senges en mear worrians associated with drunkenness, it even being hag estymes vel tasek oli Kernow; hag arra, the tradition that he died from drowning in Crowz wen war gweal du o kenz baner St his own well when drunk! Perran ha standard Kernow. It is time we knew who should be our real leader, signalled by his true colours!

Kemowian laull Mehall! (pokene Myhall), Agan Yeth - Cornish car drera nye redia en Wella Jordan, 1611: Sera, thewgh gramercy! Language Studies Pelha ages hedna, ameth Robat Yerl Baner Perran Mortain, hanter brodar Wella Tryher, 50 pages/50 folenn. 29.5X21. habens in bello Sancii Michaelis vexillum Price/Pris: £ 3.00 Meneges en The Sherborne Mercury, (ma deges gcnam en baiali baner Seynt Meez Kevarthu, 6as deeth, 1737, termen Mehall). Derage hedna, en 1050, Lyver-termyn akademek nowydh dyllys kesker anclethias an Mateamas Mareea, 5as arthdiagonow Kernow (rag nenna Kemow gans Kesva an Taves Kemewek yw Agan Meez Merh (Goo I Perran), 1694, dro o gwreis arthdiagonath) a gomeras vel Yeth gans an istitel “Cornish Language deges baner Kemow, buz heb c thescribia. arwoth towl St Mehall a saval war dragun, Studies". Y hanow yw treylys heb meth Tonkin (1678-1742) a screffas en kever wor e latha gen cletha po gew, ha en 14vas dhiworth an lyver-termyn Bretonek a vrl Perran, Ethewa regardes vel tasek an casblethan seal an arthdiagonath o pecare, “Hor Yezh”. Gans kemmys a hwithrans a- stennorian, igge gwetha an gool eve war en shoya an zans genz e vociar afynes a dro dhe Gemewek y’n dydhyow ma, yma an 5as Merh. growz wen war gweal a dale boaz glaze edhomm a lyver-termyn skiansek arbennik A screffa treeth 1610 ha 1620, Nichlaas herweth an scoli a heraldry, han dra reeg rag an taves. Yma an Omsav rag an yeth Roscarrock a roze da Perran lardgy spas, pydgia en usse peli udg'hemma. kemewek ow seweni ! wor e hanwall Patritius Cheranus, henew Devezalena, ma bohez daunger dro Y'n kynsa dyllans ma (mis-Hedra 1999) y Perran pedrtzhivik, rag nenna judges dro an Mehall senges vel tasek Kemow genz an kevir erthyglow skrifys yn Sowsnek (3 hanow devethes thor Kieran, zans Eglez thea 1050, ha than iiha tereba dewath anedha) hag unn yn Kemewek Kemmyn. An Gothalack athor breaz Jooan a Tynemouth, an Ooz Creas, ha drova senges pecare en erthyglow skrifys yn Sowsnek yw "Review avare en I4vas cansblethan. En termen lean Kemuack tereba 1611 (Jordan). of Gendail: A practical dictionary of Modem Cornish” gans Julyan Holmes, “Language death and revival: a jenneft’s hanbbook sociolinguistic comparison between New Languages Website A Handbook o f the Cornish Language by Cornish and Welsh'' gans Ute Hirner ha Henry Jenner, which has been out of print "The Cornish Bible project: principles and in early February a new website, based for decades, is now available again in problems'' gans Keiih Syed ha’ erthygel in Brussels, giving information on the facsimile form. When Jenner published this skrifys yn Komewek Kcmmyn yw “Plenys lesser-used languages in Europe first book for learning Kernuack in 1904. an Gwari a Gernow" gans Rod Lyon. opened. The address is: much of today’s knowledge about the Kesva an Taves Kernewek a waytya http://www.eurolang.org. language was not at hand. Jenner wrote dyllo Agan Yeth diwweyth y’n vlydhen. The service was established by the when some people still had a native Tybyansovv hag erthyglow rag dyllansow a European Bureau for Lesser Used knowledge of Cornish, but he had to make dheu a dal bos dannvenvs dhe'n pennskrifer. Languages with the support of the his own decisions regarding orthography Pennskrifer Agan Yeth yw Dr Ken European Commission. It provides, in etc. In view of the lack of standardisation at George, tokyn da a nas ha scvureth, dell English, up to date news on a range of the time, and though the conventions he grysav. issues affecting minority language used were not followed in their entirety by José Calvete speakers. Head of the service is John later writers, his Cornish has not been Summary Walsh, previously news editor with subject to the same criticism levelled at A new Cornish magazine. “Agan Yeth " TG4 in Ireland. The service will be some later versions of the language. which means "our language " in English is free for two years. an academic journal solely devoted to the Cornish language. The name of this academic journal has been influenced by the Breton academic journal called "Hor puayeR book yezh " which also means "our language " in Breton. Such is the level of interest and Rising ViOeo activity in Cornish that the Cornish Cornwall Council have awarded a grant of Language Board has decided to launch an £1000 to Cussel an Tavas Kernuack, the Pellwolok Gemewek has produced a video academic journal devoted solely to the Cornish Language Council, for the purpose showing the march to commemorate the language. The Cornish language of supporting publishing in and teaching 450th anniversary of the 1549 Prayer Book movement is thriving! Cornish (Kernuack Nowedga). Cornwall Rising, the defeat of which culminated in Pella derivadow/further information: Council have also contributed towards the the Cornish Holocaust described in Carn Jori An sell, Kesva an Taves Kernewek, 65, production of a new course in Modern 107. The 90-mile march from Bodmin to Cliurclitowii, Gwynnyer/Gwinear, Heyl/ Cornish by Richard Gcndall, entitled Exeter over five days in July 1999 is shown Hayle, Kernow/Cornwall TR27 5JL, ‘Tavas a Ragdazow' (The tongue of the in diary form. The video, cost £10, is BRET EN VEUR/GREAT BRITAIN forefathers). This book, small enough to fit available from Sue Bowen, Pellwolok F-Bnst: iori-unsellia talk 21. com in a large pocket, |60pp, price £12. should Gernewek, Fenten Lynnow, Trevalga, be available from this spring. j Kastell Boterel (Boscastie). Kemow. THE STONE CITY i by Anna Lowenstein, Citron Press, 1999, ISBN 075 4400 980, NERVE GAS PLANT IVIYSTERY It is clear that many questions about the pp 228 pgs., Stg 7.99 operational life of the Nancekuke Chemical New revelations about the record of the weapons programme remain unanswered. It Anna Lowenstein's historical novel takes an Nancekuke chemical weapon’s facility in is also clear, that as with other cold war innovative and fascinating look at the Cornwall contradict earlier assurances secret projects, much has been covered up. Roman Empire from a slave’s point of view. about the operation and safety of the site. The British maintain that none of This extremely weli researched book In response to queries in 1991 on site Nancekuke’s deadly nerve gas Sarin was reconstructs the lives of the Celts, the safety and weapon material disposal, the disposed of at sea. Although paradoxically Romans and the early Christians. Celtic League was told by the CBDE (MoD the MOD were using sea disposal for vast The story tells of the life of Bivana. Chemical and Biological Weapons’ quantities of what has been referred to as who is snatched from her peaceful Establishment) that the site was captured German nerve gas in dumps to the homestead in Celtic England and decommissioned in 1956 and thereafter west of Scotland and north west of transported to a life of slavery in Rome. carried out tasks not related to the UK Donegal. Again and ominously the Struggling to come to terms with an chemical defence programme. However, disposals were overseen by officials from unfamiliar culture, she forms a relationship the new information indicates that this was the CBDE. with another slave, Philon, which brings her not the case and the site seems to have In 1995 the Irish parliament were assured into contact with the Nazaréens, activists in continued to function long after 1956. by the British that Sarin had not been a young religious movement. Bivana is Also in 1991 the CBDE indicated that disposed in dumps to the north west of suspicious of the group, but when her own there was no sea disposal of materials from Ulster, off Donegal. However this son hecomes involved in the activities, sire the site. However in 1995 this position was assurance is questionable given the paucity is forced to cope with the resulting tragedy. contradicted and it was admitted that effluent of records held by the UK. In a strange The Stone City is available from was piped into the sea off the plant. The echo of the fate of the Nancekuke seal bookshops, on-line from amazon.co.uk, CBDE insist that the effluent was harmless population there were claims that in 1986 the Internet bookseller or by ordering and that there “extensive sampling”. large quantities of dead sea mammals and direct from Citron Press, Connor’s Corp. This confirmation of effluent discharges birds had been washed up as a result of Ltd, Suite 155, Business Design Centre, must give credence to campaigners leaks front the dumped chemical weapons 52 Upper Street. Islington Green, London assertions about the deaths of large off Donegal. These claims were rejected. NI OQH, Great Britain. numbers of seals around the site. Bernard Moffatt (goaill stiagh seyraanaght), ny bunyn kynneeagh, ny bunyn ashoonagh.’ Ta reiltys yn RU goaill rish dy vel ‘bunyn ashoonagh’ (‘national origins’) ec ny <3 m o n n i n «3 h-Albinee, Bretnee as Yernee. Er e hon shen, ta reiltys yn RU arryltagh dy ghra ‘possanyn kynneeagh’ rish ny h-Albinee, Bretnee as Yernee kyndagh rish ny ‘bunyn ashoonagh’ oc. Er e hon shen, er y fa nagh vel crackan Vel eh feeu dy ve coontit dy doo/dhone/bwee ec y chooid smoo jeh ny Comee, shegin daue croghey er ny h-eieyn h-oikoil myr mynlughf? jeh ‘shenn jarroo-enney ashoonagh’ (‘historic national identity’) ny ‘boodeeys kynneeagh’ (‘ethnic community") dy chur y Cornee ta gobbraghey son yn meenaghey cronnal (precise definition) jeh er reiltys yn RU dy ghra ‘mynlught ashoon Cornagh, t’eh jeeaghyn dy ‘mynlught ashoonagh’ ry gheddyn - cha ashoonagh’ rish ny Comee. Nvel y chooid smoo jeusyn coontey eh dod ny steatyn ta goaill ayrn cheet gys Ayns 1993. ren sleih kianlt lesh Coonceil dy ve feeu dy ve coontit myr mynlught. Ta coardailys mychione shoh! Agh ny yei shen yn Oarpey meenaghey ‘mynlught reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit (RU) as ooilley, foddee meenaghey ennagh goll ashoonagh’ myr possan dy ‘leih ayns steal gobbal dy vel ny Cornee ‘mynlught er layrn magh ass y Co-chruinnaght ta cummal sy steat shen, freayll ashoonagh’ (‘a national minority’). Mastey Crauelagh. Ta stoo ayn mychione y jarroo- kianglaghyn beayn lesh y steat shen, as ny Comee ta jannoo caggey noi yn briwnys enney (identity) jeh mynlught ashoonagh taishbyney troghyn (characteristics) shen ta Ann Trevenen Jenkin, Alistair cheet voish craueeaght, chengey, kynneeagh, cultooroil, crauee, ny troghyn- Quinnell as Graham Sandercock. tradishoonyn as eiraght cultooroil. As ayns chengey. Bee sleih dy liooar sy vynlught Ayns 1995, marish steatyn elley jeh stoo screeut ec y Cho-chruinnaght , t’eh ashoonagh, agh bee sloo jeu ayn na’n Coonceil yn Oarpey, dooyrt reiltys yn RU soilshaghey dy row sleih goaill ymmvd chooid elley jeh cummaltee y steal (er dy row eh ayns coardailys rish yn Co- jeh’n cherrym (term) ‘mynlught nonney, bee sloo jeu ayn na ny cummaltee chruinnaght Crauelagh (Framework ashoonagh’ roish my daink monney sleih elley ayns rheynn-cheerey jeh’n steat). Ec y Convention) ry hoi Coadey Mynlughtyn neu-Oarpagh dy chummal syn Oarpey (ta traa cheddin, bee sleih y vynlught jeean dy Ashoonagh. Kyndagh rish shen, Ihisagh yn reiltys yn RU cliaghtey smooinaghtyn ‘reayll y jarroo-enney oc, y cultoor, ny RU cur arrym da cairyn mynlughtyn mychione sleih lesh crackan doo, dhone as tradishoonyn, y chraueeaght, ny’n chengey ashoonagh, jannoo caggey noi Ihiettrymys, bwee tra t’ou gimraa ‘mynlughtyn’ - as, ec oc. Gyn ourys, ta’n meenaghey shoh ny cur er e hoshiaght cormid, freayll as y iraa cheddin, ta’n reiltys cheddin jarrood smoo foaysagh da ny Comee na’n fer t’ec Ihiasaghey cultoor as chengaghyn dy vel ny Celtiee ayn). reiltys yn RU. As ayns yn imraa ta screeut mynlughtyn ashoonagh, cur raane dy jean Red ta cur cree da ny Cornee, t’eh ec ny Cornee, t’ad cur trimmid er ny yn ym-ysseraght (media) cur geill da jeeaghyn dy vel y Co-chruinnaght coontey h-anchaslyssyn cddyr ny Cornee as ny mynlughtyn ashoonagh, as greinnaghey cummal er y thalloo cheddin rish iraa feer Sostnee. Cre mychione Mannin ayns ny mynlughtyn ashoonagh dy ghoaill ayrn foddey myr tro (characteristic) jeh cooishyn shoh? Nurree, hooar mee ayns cooishyn theayagh. ‘mynlught ashoonagh’. Ny sodjey na shen, feyshtane (questionnaire) veih sheshaght Kyndagh rish yn Co-chruinnaght t’eh jeeaghyn dy vel y Co-chruinnaght ynsit syn Iddaal. Va’n feyshtane shirrey fys Crauelagh, begin da’n RU cur imraa (Convention) bunnys arryltagh dy ghra ‘my mychione mynlughtyn syn Oarpey, Gyn (report) da Coonceil yn Oarpey, scrceu t’ou uss smooinaghtyn dy vel uss ayns ourys, va’n sleih syn Iddaal coontey sheese ny va reiltys yn RU janno bentyn possan ennagh, t ’ou uss ayns y phossan shinyn, ny Manninee, dy ve nyn mynlught. rish ny currym listit heose. Haink yn imraa shen.’ Ta shoh garraghey ersooyl veih’n Agh tra ghow mee toshiaght dy chur shoh rish ayns 1999. Ayns yn imraa, t’eh ry chenn smooinaght - fer-oik ginsh dhyt freggyrtyn sy feyshtane, hoig mee nagh akin dy vel reiltys yn RU smooinaghtyn ‘T’ou uss dty oltey jeh possan X as cha nod dod mee freggyrt monney jeh ny feyshtyn. nagh vel eiraght ny Comee ayns feme jeh oo jannoo arganeys mychione shen.’ Myr sampleyr, cre mysh y feysht: ‘Vel sleih coadey er Iheh. T’eh ceau magh y treealtys Er y laue elley, ta reiltys yn RU foddey veih’n vynlught goaill ayrn sy reiltys?’ Fy dy Ihisagh ny Cornee ve coontit myr ny smoo coon na shoh. T’eh currit da daah yerrey, hug mee seose, ga dy row sleih va mynlught ashoonagh, ga dy vel ymmodee dty chrackan er aght ennagh. Dy jarroo, stiurey’n feyshtane guee orrym cur stiagh y Comee as olteynyn Cornagh jeh Kiare as ta’n Oik Sthie (Home Office) gra ‘cha nel stoo va mee abyl jannoo. Agh dy beagh Feed Hostyn laccal dy ve coontit myr shoh. reiltys yn RU cur enney er ‘mynlught shen jeant ayrn, veigns cur Mannin ayns Geiyrt er y vriwnys shoh jeant ec reiltys yn ashoonagh’ erbee er y fa nagh vel shoh ny kishtey beg nagh vel cooie jee. Shimmey RU, ta Comee scanshoil er jeet ry cheilley herrym leighoil kiart syn RU’ (‘not a feysht t’ayn. Cre’n steat ta shin ‘ayn’, myr dy screeu Imraa y Vynlught Ashoonagh legally recognised term within the UK’). sampleyr? Agh hug eh creeaght dou dy ve Cornagh. Ta’n imraa shoh gra dy Ihisagh Syn ynnyd jeh shen, ta reiltys yn RU lhaih imraa ny Comee: veih’n stoo screeut ny Cornee ve coontit myr mynlught meenaghey mynlught ashoonagh myr ec leighderyn eddyr-ashoonagh, la Mannin ashoonagh as ta stoo dy liooar screeut ‘possan kynneeagh’ (‘racial group’), geiyrt ny h-ashoon kiart dy liooar! sheese dy hoilshaghey dy vel shen kiart.Ta er Slattys Cooidjaght Chynneeagh (Race Brian Stowell mish jannoo coontey giare jeh’n imraa syn Relations Act) ayns 1976. Ny yei shen, cha art shoh. nel y slattys shen meenaghey yn cherrym The Cornish National Minority Report Ta’n imraa gra nagh vel y fockle ‘possan kynneeagh’ as t’eh gimraa ny makes an excellent case for the protection ‘mynlught’ arganagh - ‘t’eh bentyn da ‘bunyn ashoonagh’ (‘national origins’) jeh o f the Cornish as a 'national minority'. possan ta sloo as neu-chionysagh (non- possanyn. Ayns y clattys shoh, ta possan Analysis o f the issues raised is needed in dominant).’ Agh cha nel eh aashagh dy kynneeagh goll er meenaghey myr ‘possan Mannin. ghra c’red ta ‘mynlught ashoonagh’. Ayns dy ‘leih er ny veenaghey (defined) liorish y Cho-chruinnaght Crauelagh hene, cha nel daah’n chrackan, kynney, ashoonaght More Growth But Who I(Lam ôhone CommemoROüion Gains From The Wealth D ivid en d !

he Manx government is patting itself on the back over its recent budget, Twhich promised a fairer distribution of wealth generated during the current economic boom. However, as the leader of the Island’s Trade Union movement asserts all is not as “fair” as it seems. One media commentator recorded the first Maax budget of the millennium as likely to be “remembered as one of the most innovative for years”. However, the cold reality is that the budget is unlikely to be remembered in twelve months time let alone have any memorable longevity. At the present time the Manx economy, along with its Irish counterpart, is performing admirably and despite periodic concerns about external threats it has remained remarkably stable. There is no doubt that the Island's government is to be Pictured above: Cathal Ô Luain, Convenor of the Celtic League, laying the wreath at Hango applauded for its management of this Hill. Also pictured are Ivona Ni Luain, aged 9, Kerron O Luain, 12, Bernard Moffatt and economic growth, however its management Mark Kermode. of the wealth dividend created is less President of Mec Vannin, Bernard Moffatt, who introduced speakers and also addressed the noteworthy. ceremony, warned o f the external threats faced by the Island from the Westminster Those in the engine room of the Manx government and Europe. He urged nationalists to present a united front when the Island economy, the workers on lower and middle faced these ‘predators ’. In his address to the gathering Cathal O Luain said that the ultimate incomes, will soon see any shortterm objective for the Celtic nations should be the establishment o f a confederation of free and benefits gained from increased tax independent states. allowances and marginal NHI (National Health Insurance) adjustments swallowed up Oration in Manx by Mark Kermode, Manx government takes notice of the threat by increased living costs on the Island. Secretary o f Mec Vannin, a! Uliam Dhone from the Furopean Union. They will, unless The budget is particularly disappointing Commemoration, 2nd January 2000. the Manx government is willing to for those on very low incomes not ¡east (English translation) recognise the lesson of the Revestment Act because the Manx government has We have met today in order to remember of 1765. compounded their problems by its continued a man who was judicially murdered. But Mec Vannin gave the government notice prevarication over the minimum wage. what’s the worth of remembering a dead over seven years ago that this state of affairs Pensioners also could have expected to man and his Idea? What is the worth of his would materialise. For doing that, for receive a better deal. True their incomes are sacrifice? There is no worth if the people working for our country, the government appreciably higher than UK counterparts, but who follow give up, sell or lose that which defamed Mec Vannin, acted foolishly and, the UK is not a particularly good benchmark he saved. in doing so, committed a crime against the to adopt. Pensioners, like others on fixed The 1900s have gone now. Years that saw country itself. incomes, continue to feel the downside of our language almost lost. Years that saw our Now the truth is directly before us yet the increased living costs in the economic boom culture almost lost. Years that saw Manxness government pretends that we need not conditions we currently enjoy. almost loSt. They still exist in some way and worry. This is extreme foolishness. This Increasing child benefit substantially and it is not due to money but love. matter will not go away. Europe will not then taxing it may disadvantage more than it The years 2000 are before us now. Will desist until it has control of the money in assists. Are allowance increases of £50 for these years see all those things lost totally? Mannin and it has many means by which to Registered Blind and Disabled a sign of a They will unless we are willing to fight for do that. The government will have a choice: ‘caring society’? Free TV licences for them. They will, unless the Manx Total independence or total subjugation. pensioners over 75 are a positive step but government is willing to act as a national This raises the question: What is the other pensioners will feel let down. government. point of independence? Is It for tax From the standpoint of economic The 1900s saw strife and damage in purposes or for people? Look at Mannin management current fiscal policy also leaves Mannin because of governments that now, at the start of the 2000s. There are a lot to be desired. The Trades Council is the thought more of strangers and their money more people in Mannin and more money first in the queue to demand improved health than they thought of Manx people and their but ordinary young people cannot afford to provision and education facilities and it may work and love of country. They saw Manx buy a house to establish Manx families. therefore seem churlish to criticise the people leaving Mannin to get proper Therefore, the government must seek government for attempting to respond to recognition for themselves. They saw Manx independence now, independence for the those demands. However, it certainly seems people without enough money for a small Manx people and our future. If we don’t that most if not all Capital projects on the home in their own country. achieve independence for ourselves in our Island attract a ‘Roils Royce' budget and yet Will the years before us see the same own fashion, independence will simply be promise a comparatively modest return of thing? They will, unless the Manx a word to protect the interests and money facility. The government still seems to be government defends the Manx community, of outsiders. The future begins today. If the somewhat awry in its scrutiny of Capital the Manx economy and the Independence of Manx government does not understand that projects and there is a disturbing tendency to the Manx people. They will unless the and act accordingly, our future is lost today. think that construction interests (particularly those from outside the Island who have benefits have been possible because o f ‘... moved here in recent years to cash in on the Affordable for Whom? our position as a most progressive off-shore boom). From design through to completion jurisdiction.’ Mr. Corkhill also states that stage they are lining up to milk the Manx he Council of Minister’s report on this is ‘intended to enhance the economic boom for all its_w.orth. -Tfie economic indicators claims that, competitiveness of Island business to government seems a little lost at managing ‘Despite rising prices, increases in provide an even more stable platform from such projects (e.g. The Hospital, etc). T disposable incomes and low interest rates is which they can grow and develop.’ He What the budget clearly illustrates is that hopes (his will give us the resources for the government still sees satisfaction of the much more affordable than ten years ago government’s stated social and business community as its first priority. The and not significantly more costly relative to environmental objectives. This is a serious business community with the acceptance of a earnings than for the last decade.’ Those few “hair-shirts” will welcome. Treasury seeking affordable housing will be neither case of ’double-think’! Unfortunately there Minister, Richard Corkhill’s efforts. As with comforted nor fooled by this report. In the is no sign that growth is slowing down, in previous budgets this one is tailored to last 10 years house prices and rents in the fact it seems likely to continue, even business. private sector have doubled and since 1987, without the Minister’s assistance. Although the government are attempting they have quadrupled. Developers and Peel has been targeted for the next to focus support towards lower and lower estate agents set prices as high as the phased development of up to 800 new middle income groups they are failing to market will stand, so that locals are unable houses. There is a two-year waiting list for deliver because any benefits will be swiftly to compete with prices which are comparable local authority housing in Peel. The eroded in the current economic climate. with the English stockbroker belt. Commissioners have neither land nor plans Treasury Minister, Richard Corkill’s to build any houses. It is doubtful that J B Moffatt latest budget has reduced the lowest rate of Dandara (Heritage Homes) estates will income tax to 14% and increased personal reduce Peel’s waiting list. They will be allowances. The Minister says that this will commuter estates to serve Douglas and the help poorer families directly and that these finance centre. _ . „

‘Cultural Theft’ of Chronicles of Mann

he British government is to boycott a new United Nations Tconvention on returning stolen its report. artefacts. The move is being taken to The group visited the UK in side-step any renewed claim by September 1997 and also sent a countries such as Greece in its long delegation to the Isle of Man. running dispute with the UK over the The Celtic League, which alerted theft of the Elgin Marbles. the Committee to shortcomings in the Britain’s snub to the UN is certain to Manx penal system, provided written provoke international criticism from a and oral submission to the Committee range of countries many of whose treasures were looted by the British Bernard Moffatt with poster of the Chronicles in members who visited the Isle of Man, the background and include recommendations about over the centuries. improved Prison conditions and new The Celtic League has campaigned requirements to oversee some police for years for the return of the procedures. Chronicles of the Kings of Man and (probably at Rushen Abbey) the document The recommendations and the Isles, and this latest development led remained here until the late sixteenth comments in the Isle of Man section CL General Secretary. Bernard Moffatt, to century at which time it was either loaned of the report are extremely positive accuse the Blair government of ‘cultural or stolen from the Island. theft’. and it is hoped that the Isle of Man It now lies for the most part undisturbed, government will comply with all the One of the least publicised claims is that other than for academic scrutiny, in the suggestions. of the Manx people and the continued British Library and with the exception of a The Celtic League will also be retention by the British Library of the brief loan to Manx National Heritage they considering critical sections of the UK Chronicles. The Chronicles are no Elgin refuse to return it. component of the report. The Celtic Marble; it is not a gloriously illuminated In a sense there is a degree of sadness League AGM, held in Liskeard last text and is not bound in gold. All in all, about the ‘British’ position. Are they so year, adopted a resolution critical of aesthetically, it is a pretty lack lustre lacking in original cultural identity that document. Yet it is the oldest record of a police procedures in England they need to steal and hoard the heritage of following the suspicious deaths in period from which our current parliament, others? custody of a number of Irish people. Tynwald, draws its historical validity. Almost certainly compiled in the Island J B Moffatt ir^ II Utrecht Celtic Dept - A Victory of Sorts c e 1t i c a «8 ollowing proposals to completely «3 1 close the Celtic Dept tn Utrecht IL= =J] FUniversity in Holland in 2001 when the two existing professors will retire protests were made by many academic sources and students from Utrecht. The Marine Accident Investigation Bureaucrats? Celtic League wrote in support also. Many students from Utrecht spent time at University College, Galway (UCG) in ollowing criticism of the Marine The families had to initially pay for their Ireland and others have gone to Glasgow, Accident Investigation Branch own survey of the wreck after becoming Abersytwyth or Rennes to improve their (MAIB) in the House of Commons frustrated at the delay of MAIB’s slow knowledge of the Celtic Languages. The F(Westminster) in February. John Prescott,moving enquiry. At the other end of Britain proposals were said to be a result of M.P, wisely declined a request to express the families of the crew of the lost Scottish financial difficulties with the Arts Faculty his ‘confidence’ in the MAIB. trawler Sapphire also lost patience with introducing staff cuts of 20% but the Celtic Prescott confined himself to confirming government and MAIB bureaucracy and Dept was the only one it was proposed to a new enquiry into the Marchioness tragedy mounted their own salvage effort. abolish entirely. In jeopardy also was the and remarked that the reason for the MAIB enquiries seem unduly protracted, library with one of the most comprehensive enquiry was that "frankly the MAIB did notwithstanding the complex nature of Celtic collections in Europe. not do the job properly”. some of the investigations, and in the case The protest campaign (including Many fishing communities, far removed of the loss of the North Irish MFV Amber signatures collected by a student, Thomas from Westminster, would echo Mr. Rose in October 1998 the report is still Dresscher, at present in UCG) had an Prescott’s concern about the MAIB whose awaited. There also seems to be a effect. The University reconsidered its current portfolio will also include an disturbing habit of denying access to decision and while persisting in doing away enquiry into the recent and mysterious information once gathered and again this with the professorships it will maintain an sudden sinking of the MFV (Motor Fishing was particularly marked in the case of the academic course, without any professor, Vessel) Solway Harvester. MFV Margaretha Marita when relatives operating on a smaller scale. It is also The MAIB was established to replace the eventually met with Junior Transport proposed to establish links with other previous DOT enquiry system into the loss Minister Glenda Jackson and demanded universities to enable students to undertake of vessels undertaken by Inspectors from access to video evidence. some of their studies abroad and a the Marine Directorate of the Dept, of One thing is clear. Thirty years of committee will examine this. Transport. Throughout the seventies and investigations into sea tragedies by the While this is an improvement, the eighties a continuous stream of accidents DOT and the MAIB have not, in several campaign should continue to try to occurred many of them in the area (eastern significant cases, resulted in satisfactory maintain the prestigious professorship in a Irish sea) where the MFV Solway explanation or substantive remedy. university with an excellent track record in Harvester was lost. Some vessels, such as J B Moffait Celtic Studies. the MFV South Stack, disappeared without trace. Others like the MFV Mhari L were located and investigated but only after Sellafield in the Dock on Safety considerable pressure from families, continuing controversy. Norman Askew politicians and pressure groups. The result he unfolding scandal over the succeeds him. The Celtic League has of enquiries, when they were published, falsification of safety data connect­ called for the dismissal, of senior often raised more questions than they ed to the operation of the new Mox Tplant indicates that the scale of deceit andmanagement. In a parallel move we have answered and by the latter part of the 1980s suggested that the head of Nil, Laurence it was recognised that a new system was falsification goes beyond data supplied to Williams should do the honourable thing needed. Thus was born the MAIB. The Japan with a recent fuel shipment. and follow Taylor’s example. original intention was that it would acquire The Chief Inspector of Nuclear The League has also attacked Lloyds the same reputation for thoroughness and Installations revealed that falsification of Quality Assurance Register (LRQA) for veracity that its aviation counterpart the safety data connected to Mox goes back tu going ahead with a safety validation of the (Air Accident Investigation Branch) AAIB at least four years. His report revealed a plant. Sellafield is anxious to have some of had acquired over the years. However, any management culture at Sellafield that the sites operations re-certified to ISO thoughts that the marine investigators allowed falsification of safety records. If 40001 standard as part of its fight back would emulate their aviation colleagues this is the case it must call into question against the wave of bad publicity. The were soon dashed. The public enquiry over assurances given both to the media and League’s General Secretary has written to the Marchioness is their ultimate ignominy concerned governments by BNFL over the Irish. Manx, Icelandic and Norwegian but the writing was always on the wall. leaks and accidents at the troubled plant. governments drawing their attention to the During the last decade there have been a Despite the Nil report and the attempt to LRQA assessment and urging action by string of incidents that have confirmed their scapegoat a number of employees at the them. true role as either Marine Accident plant it is clear that the UK. safety The data falsification scandal will Investigation ‘Blunderers or Bureaucrats’. regulatory bodies, such as Nil who have a hopefully mean that the £1.5 billion part The bureaucratic epithet was certain!) laid presence at the Sellafield plant, have failed privatisation of BNFL, which we on them by relatives of the four men lost on to carry out their functions adequately. christened, the privatisation portfolio from the MFV Margaretha Marita, which John Taylor, Chief Executive of BNFL, foundered off Cornwall in November 1997. has been forced to resign amid the hell, is likely to be shelved. War Ciames Threat to Air Routes The Isles - a history by Norman Davies published review into an Irish airline by MacMillan, 1999, tragedy over thirty years ago, expected shortly, seems likely not hardback pp. 1182 £30.00 Ato reveal new evidence of military : : involvement. Aer Lingus EI712 crashed in Norman Davies has written a timely 1968 in the Irish Sea all on board perished. study of over 1,000 pages, which has However, the main suspect in the tragic copious appendices and notes. As the accident is still in business and continues public debate about Britishness grows to pose a threat to Irish Sea air routes. ever more strident he has written a radical Increasingly obsolete RAF aircraft, such history of the “British Isles” including as the Tornado with outdated weapons Ireland. It examines their history less from systems, regularly use the Air Guided the standpoint of an insider than from that Weapons Operational Evaluation Unit of an outsider. The Anglo-centric nature located in Anglesey to exercise over the of much received wisdom in the past is Aberporth weapons range. (The base was closely analysed. the subject of controversy last week when He connects events on the isles with the Welsh media uncovered detail of a contemporary events on the continent and dangerous air-miss over the RAF Valley reinforces the major role of the Celts base complex). Aircraft from Valley whose role in Europe has been exercising over the Aberporth range downgraded by generations of classical concentrate in an area called The Gate, #«■»»*> scholars. The current Celtic revival is which straddles a major air route waiting covered as part of a review of the many their turn to attack targets. Target aircraft Lingus tragedy in 1968. Astonishingly, the ages we can now interpret from all the called Jindiviks from Llanbedr in Wales Irish government has not protested about available sources. are fitted with flare packs to attract live air the dangers posed by these exercises and The Celtic League’s activities warrant a fired missiles in practice intercepts. The its inertia over the issue invites further paragraph! target aircraft are usually recovered but tragedy. The situation is particularly Norman Davies’ introduction alone is occasionally things can go wrong and both dangerous given the admission last month worth reading for its clinical review of the targets and missiles become “unguided’'. by the UK that RAF defence systems are world-wide confusion in the use of words In such situations chase aircraft, which plagued by technical deficiencies and like "British”, “British Isles” and “United accompany the targets, can destroy them. serviceability due to both age and Kingdom". Davies has produced a mine In the Aer Lingus tragedy several manpower shortage. The main hardware of informed discussion which is eyewitnesses described an aircraft near the used Sidewinder guided missile equipped reading. Wexford coast that was almost certainly a Tornado aircraft and Hawk chase planes Jindivik. have been involved in many accidents in ____ These dangerous war games take place recent years. The pilotless Jindivik targets in an area straddled by Irish Sea civil air are also well past their ‘sell by' date, a routes. The British MOD created a factor which no doubt explains their Cuntelles so-called range, (the Irish Sea danger area) somewhat erratic operations. off west Wales which, interestingly, was Keltek considerably extended following the Aer J B Moflatt Kesgwlasek International Celtic Prison Decision ‘M ean-Spirited’ Congress

. he Celtic League have slammed Josephine Hayden is just months away ■ prison authorities in the Irish from completing a lengthy prison sentence JRaduRgenee . Republic for refusing permission to in Limerick Jail, Since being imprisoned Josephine Hayden to visit her elderly she has campaigned ceaselessly to improve 24-29 April 2000, Kernow/ Cornwall father (87) who was hospitalised in conditions for women prisoners in the jail, Waterford. The refusal by the prison and her efforts to fight this injustice has It is often assumed that the Celtic countries authorities has been described by the undoubtedly caused the hard attitude and their languages have continuously been Celtic League in a letter to Irish Justice lo wards her. in a state of decline. A detailed look at our Minister, John O'Donoghue, TD, as "mean However, in denying the visit to her sick histories will show that this is not the case. spirited”. father the prison authorities have plumbed The theme of Congress 2000 is intended to It is not the first time that Josephine has the depths of callousness and inhumanity. encourage members to plan for the future been the subject of harsh treatment by the while at the same time learning from the m prison authorities. After suffering a heart W B m i m lessons of the past. attack part way through her sentence she Bernard Moffatt Further information: Mrs D. Chubb, was denied proper medical treatment. Gordon Villa, Sunnyvale Road, Portreath. Redruth, Kemow/Comwall, TR16 4NE l------1 MEMBERSHIP AND CELTIC LEAGUE INTERNET SITE SUBSCRIPTIONS Celtic League j All those who agree with the constitution | and aims of the Celtic League are AGM j eligible for membership. The http://www.manxm an .co.im/cleague/ j membership fee (including Cam) and This year’s AGM will be held in j subscription rates are IR£10; Stg£10; j 100FF or US$20.00 (US funds, cheques Marinin on Saturday, 22nd July at The e-mail General Secretary: j drawn on a US bank). Europe Stg.£10 Mitre Hotel, Ramsey. [email protected] j outside Europe Stg.£l 3.00 airmail. The Conference is set to coincide e-mail Assistant G.S. For information about the Celtic with the first week of the Inter-Celtic [email protected] j League contact secretaries: (music and dance) Festival, Yn | ALBA Risnidh Mag Aoidli, 16/1 Chruinnaght. For further information McCleod Street, Gorgie, Edinburgh, contact Crislt Jerry, Manx Branch | EH1I2NQ. Secretary, address pg. 24. e-mail: [email protected] [ BREIZH Jakez Derouet, 14 Hent Criticicin CcLxzs you Kemper, 29700 PlugUen/Pluguffan, Brittany. G r c H o c atone | CYMRU Robat ap Tomos, 11 Heol Gordon, Y Rhalh, Caerdydd, CF2 3AJ. On page 7 of CARN 10S Manuel Castro’s j EIRE c/o 33 Ceide na Grianoige, Rath letter ends with the question: Are the Cuil, Co. Atha Cliath. Ar Bed Keltiek Galician Celts alone again? The answer j KERNOW c/o General Secretary. 11 from the International Branch of the Celtic Hilltop View, Farmhill, Braddan, League is: No, the Galician Celts of Mannin. on line books, records, Celtic art, Argentina are not alone. Please be assured [ MANNIN Crist! Jerry, 6 Glenfaba Kemper: 02.98.95.42.82 that, as branch secretary, I will remember Road, Peel. Tel: UK (0) 1624 843864. Brest: 02.98.44.05.38 our Celtic friends in Argentina, and those in | ENGLAND BRANCH Florence http://www.arbedkeltiek.com Galiza and Asturies. It is my hope and Kenna, 72 Compton Street, London, intention that we maintain the regular | EC1V0BN. e-bost: [email protected] contact and cooperation in matters of * USA M argaret Sexton, c/o P.O. Box [email protected] common Celtic interest as established 20153, Dag Hammarshjold Postal between Alan Heusaff and yourselves. Centre, New York, NY 10017. Note: A r Bed Keltiek (2 Str. ar I INTERNATIONAL BRANCH Mark Mark Lockerby Lockerby, 20 King Williams’s Way, Roue Gralon, 29000 Kemper), Janet's Comer, Castletown, Isle of Man. uses the term e-bost in preference ' CEAP BREATAINN G. May, Margarec to e-mail, like the Welsh. When ■ Harbout, Nova Scotia BOE 2BO. phoning from abroad, omit the 0 1 The General Secretary and P.R.O. of International Branch internet Site I the Celtic League is Bernard Moffatt, in the prefix. http://homepages.enterprise.net/mlockerby 11 Hilltop View, Farmhill, Braddan, e-mail International Branch Secretary Mannin. m I ockerby ©enterprise .net ! Tel - UK (0) 1624 627128 i The Editor is Ms P. Bridson, 33 Ceide na Grianoige, Rath Cuil, Co. Atha Cliath, Eire. i Articles for Carn may be sent on disk in i Apple/IBM for Microsoft Word/Works Inish O ernociuc i or Word Perfect along with hard copy ! faxed to + 353 1 - 4S8 9795, or e-mailed For news, analysis, reviews, features, and an independent voice i to: [email protected] Published continuously i Origingal photographs must be since 1939, the Irish Annual Subscription Rates (six issues) i forwarded. Democrat is the bi-monthly £5.50 Britain I enclose a cheque Our next deadline for material for journal of the Connolly £ 10.00 Solidarity subscription (payable to “Connolly i Carn is 1st May 2000. Articles sent fo Association which £8.00 Europe (airmail) Publications Ltd”) i publication in Carn must relate to ou campaigns for a united and £ 11.00 USA/Canada (airmail) /postal order for i aims, and should be typed. All material £12.00 Australia (airmail) £______independent Ireland and i copyright © Carn unless otherwise the rights of the Irish in Please send me a free trial copy EU (tick box) i stated. The views expressed in Carn are Britain. Regular i not necessarily those of the editor nor o contributors include the Name___ i the Celtic League. respected Celtic historian Address.. Peter Berresford Ellis whose ' L.eagan amach: C. Ni Bhreartuln, regular column Armón is Send to: Connolly Publications Ltd, | Peanntronaic Teo., BAC 16, Eire. Anal1 has been a feature of 244 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8JR \ Printers: Elo Press, Rialto, Dublin 8. the paper for over ten years. ISSN 0257-7860 No. 110 Summer 2000 £2.00

Alba • The Scottish Parliament - One Year Young! • Diwan - a mouse is born ... from the mammoth! ® Owain Glyndwr - 600 years ago • Radio Vannin in Eirinn 8 The North - Focus on Patten s Mec Vannin - Housing Crisis • Philippe Le Solliec R.I.P.

ALBA: CO M AN N Breizh ^ \ ^ CEILTEACH • BREIZH: KEVRE KELTIEK • CYMRU: UNDEB CELTAIDD • EIRE: t i CONRADH CEILTEACH • KERNOW: KESUNYANS KELTEK • MANNIN: CELQC l£AGU€ i ^ i COMMEEYS CELTIAGH robh Beurla a-mhain. oir aig nach robh a' Ghaidhlig agus fhuair iad dreuclidan anns a h-uile aite a b'fhearr na cheile. Bha i a' righladh tre cagal eadhon na A l b a mnathan a bha a' fuaigheal aodaich nan sagart aice. Bha i a’ deanamh cuideaehd moran ana- caitheamh. Nam biodh neach sam bith ag iarraidh deirc dh'fheumadh iad bruidhinn sa Beurla agus an uairsin bhiodh ise a' toirt dhaibh buinn oir. Bha feadhainn eadhon a" Mairead nam Mallachd tighinn on Roinn Eorpa a" sireadh deircean! Bhiodh i cuir suas airgid air son gnothaichean ura mar taighean-osda agus ig deireadh na beatha aig Mairead (Queensferry). An ath bhliadhna (1070) bha aiseagan o Caschaolais mu Dheis (South Mairead nam Mallaelid is Calum Ceannmór Bean Righ Chaluimceannmhór ghabh Queensferry) gu Caschaolais mu Thuath i aithreachas air son na peacaidhean posda. ann am Fiobha agus mar sin airadhart. aice... as bha móran dhiubh ann! Aeh bha i Bha Calum cho meallta rithe fhéin. Chuir Ach ciamar a bha i a’ faighinn an airgid fada ro anmoch a thaobh na Gàidhligc oir e a’ cheud bean, Ingibjorg, dhachaigh gu air son an strodhalachd... prodigality... lion i a h-uile dreuchd chudromach le Arcaibh air gum posadh e Mairead. Bha seo? Le goid... a-rcir Turgot... goid chrab- daoine aig nach robh facal Gàidhlig. Mairead a’ deanamh a-mach gun robh e hach... ach chan eil crab’nadh ann an goid Ach có i agus eia as a thàinig i? caran górach. Uair. chuir i a-mach sgeul gun idir. Co-dhiu. b’e meirleach a bha innte. Ged a bha i cho déidheil air a' Bheurla robh fear-gaol aice ann an uaimh ann an Ghlac freieeadan an Ionmhais i a' goid... le mar a bha i ‘sna làithean sin. cha robh facal Dim Pharlain. Tha an uamh ri fhaicin gus an buinn oir na laimh! Beurla aice gus an d’ràinig i Sasainn nuair a latha an diugh. Ruith Calum sios gu cabha- bha i dusan bliadhna a dh’aois oir cha do gacli air lorg an fhir-ghaol agus fhuair se i Bha ise daonnan a' ceannach airneis. bhuin i do Shasainn idir... ach gus an na h-aonar agus ise a ’ leigheadh oirre gun brail agus brait-urlar is -uinneag, aodach, Ungair (Hungary)! robh i a’ deanamh umaigh air a shon. soithiehean, is uidheam-ithe agus moran Rugadh agus ihogadh i aims a' chaisteal Uair eile, chomhdaich e na leabhraiehean nithean soghail... luxury... eile. Thoirmisg i am breacan air son aodach Eorpaeh. Aig air Rékaliegy a tha air c h o c aim an Nadasd, aice le or is seudan. Bha i a' magadh air faisg air Pécs anns an Ungair. Tha na bhon nach robh e comasach air leughadh no an aon am thoirmisg i ar canain cuideachd laraichean aig a- chaisteal seo ri Umici nn sgriobhadh ged a bha e fileanta sa anns gach aite. Bho nach do dtl'ionnsaich i gus an latha an diugh. Ghairin Edward thè Ghaidhlig, Laidean. Beurla is Fraingeis. G;)idhlig dh'fheumadh a h-uile duine brtiid- Confessor, righ Shasainn, a h-athair Bha iad caran coltach ri Dennis Thatcher hinn Beurla a-mhain... no Ungaireis! dhachaigh gii Lunnain bhon a bha e na agus a mnaoi Magaidh (eile). Bha ise fada Bhon a bha na cisean daonnan dol suas oighre do'n chathair rìoghaiI Shasannach. na b'fhearr a thaobh nam poileatais na bhon a bha Mairead cho struidheil. Sa bhliadhna 1057 thill a h-athair agus an Calum. Gu trie bhiodh ise ag radh agus a' b'fheudar do na cis-fhir rudeigin a teaghlach aige gu Sasainn. Ach chaochail e deanamh nithean air son tuileladh dheanamh bhon a bha iad a ’ fas cho mi - ann an Cune ghoirid an deidh sin. cumhachd fhaighinn tie phoileataics. mheasail gun go rinn iad an dannsa... An Nuair a bha Mairead aig a’ Chuirt Bhiodh Mairead a' cumail a-mach gun robh Gille-Chaluim... the Highland Fling... mar Shasannach ann an Lunnainn (1057-1069) i cho gaolach a thaobh naoinear naoidhean niahadh. (huit i ann an gaol gu troni le Calimi bhochda agus gam beathachadh le biadh A reir aitliris bha Mairead coltach ris an Ceannmór ged a bha e posila. Bha gaol inór bog-fliuch agus iad nan suidhe air a glun. eaconomair... economist... John Maynard aige oirre cuideachd. Bha e mu ceithir bli- Ach a dlTaindeoin ssin bha i briiideil ri a Keynes agus esan ag radh. "Tilg airgead gu atllina deug na b'aosda na ise. Ghabh i uidli ciann fhéin. Cha do thog i na ochdnar lean- leor anns gach aite. Bha i coltach ri Mairead anns a' chànain Shasannach. Beurla. an uair aban a bha aice fhéin ach le banaltruim. le eile (Thatcher) cuideachd bhon a bha i cho sin cuideachd. ódrugh a Gnath-fhacail 13:24, "An ti a ceannsgalach. Ach cha robh Keynes no An sin thachair i air Turgot a bha na chaoinihneas a shlat is beag air a mhac...’\ Thatcher cho sgriosail a thaobh na canain phears-eaglais Sasannach à Leicestershire. Se sin ri radh... "Thoir a dheagli shlacainn Albannach again! Bha e ainnieit bhon a sgrìobh e beatha- dha!" Chuir i a mac, Eamon (Edmond) gu Gilleasbuig MacMhuirich eachdraidh ghoirid uinipe. Thachair i air priosan ann an Caisteal Caimbeul. faisg air Gilleasbuig Lachlainn ‘Illeasbuig Lcfranc, ard-cusbuig Canterbury, agus bha Dolair. bhon a bha e deidheil air a' iad. le chèile. nan comhairlichean dìomhair Ghaidtllig. Summary aice fluid ‘s a bha i beò an deidh sin. Thog i a h-uile leanabh aice a’ bruidhinn This is a look at the life of. the second wife Cheannsaich Diuc Uilleam à Beurla a-mhain agus thug i ainmean. of King Malcolm Canmore. known to mono- Normandaidh Sasainn anns a' bhliadhna Sasannach orra an aite ainmean Albannach lingueilists as Saint Margaret hut to the 1066 agus ann an 1069 theich Mairead, a Gaidhlig an cleachdadh aig an am seo bhon Get el... the speakers of the Scottish lan­ inàthair, Agatha, a piuthar Cairistiona agus a bha a' Ghaidhlig air a bruidhinn feadh guage... she is known as Mairead nam a bràthair Edgar gu Alba. Lean Mairead air Alba ge leir an uair sin. Mallachd since she disestablished our lan­ a bili déidheil air Beurla agus an Eaglais Chcannsaich i caglais Cheilteach na h- guage and its culture, banishing it from Shasannach adì fada an aghaidh cànain Alba bhon a bha an l-aifreann agus na scirb- Court and the Law Courts, from Commerce agus a h-uile rud Normanach agus an heisean gu trie sa Ghaidhlig bhon a bha i an and from Government, something that is aghaidh gach cànain agus eaglais cile seach aghaidh na canain Albannach againn. Chuir keenly felt to this very day. She is and will Ungaireis. i stad air a’ Ghaidhlig anns na Cuirtean remain a saint because it has never been a Bha Mairead a" leighei! oirre air gun robh Rioghail is Laghail. san sRiaghaltas agus bar to beatification, in being declared a iad a" lilleadh gu h-Ungair a' mealladh a anns gach dreuchd eile feadh Alba. saint, to have crushed a nation's language inàthair; ach chaidh iad gu Alba. Chaidh iad Chuir i beachdaircan... spies... feadh and replaced it with that of one's own air tir aig ObMaircad faisg air Caschaolais Alba air lorg fogarruich a Sasainn aig an choice! The Scottish Parliament Call To Extend No Fly Zones - One Year Young! Around N-Plants Lust year the Celtic League expressed The settled will o f the Scottish peoples to have a strong parliament have made remarkable concern about the narrow (I mile) air progress since election Inst May. The coalition government o f New Labour and Liberal exclusion zones around nuclear power Democrat MSI’s lias been treated to a wholly new form o f scrutiny for those with British par­ stations following a near miss when an liamentary experience. A strong committee system is shaping laws in a far more detailed RAF Tornado jet narrowly avoided col­ fashion and scrutinising ministers' actions in uncomfortable detail. This augurs well for its liding with the Torness plant in central development. Scotland. It has also emerged that there However lhe teething troubles of living in was an incident over Anglesey in ;i temporary home, the Church of Scotland's February when two RAF jet aircraft nar­ General Assembly hall, the escalating costs rowly averted collision. Anglesey is the of the planned new buildings designed by site of the old Magnox power station at controversial Catalan architect Enrique Wylfa, sixty miles from Dublin. Air Morales and various house keeping arrange­ training exercises of this type are a fea­ ments have grabbed unwelcome headlines. ture <>f life over Anglesey. The Celtic League concerns were Yet the massive backlog of law making, echoed at the time by the Irish and Manx impossible in an overburdened, antique governments. Now Dundee City Council Westminster have steadily produced new has written to their colleagues on laws. This is particularly true in areas of Midlothian Council seeking its support Justice and Land. Dealing with incapable for calls to increase flight avoidance adults and then abolishing the ancient feu­ zones around the plants. Meanwhile dal system of land tenure have been notable Scottish Green MSP Robin Harper, said milestones. Scotland had been seconds from a The Scottish Executive, as the govern­ Roseanna Cunningham. MSP Chernobyl scenario of radioactive fallout ment of Scotland’s devolved parliament despite assurances from management. with limited powers is known, has had to J B Moffatt bow to widespread pressure to remove stu­ sions with their Labour colleagues in dent fees from Scots higher centres of learn­ Westminster several issues have shown that ing - this is in stark contrast to English prac­ real tensions will arise when Westminster tice. The fact that the smaller coalition part­ fails to recognise Scottish sensitivities. ners made it a sticking point opened up the Only now the focus of a Scots Parliament EU Funding Inquiry rigid whip system to achieve a way ahead. will not stifle complaints. Two such issues Speaking on the first day of the The revolt of New Labour back benchers include the hurried and secretive redrawing Scottish Parliament's inquiry into the allowed Socialist MSP Tommy Sheridan to of Fishing jurisdictions to England's advan­ Treasury's treatment of EU structural gain the key vote to outlaw the barbaric tage during the Scottish General Election funding in Scotland - w ith academics Dr practice of warrant sales which have been and a recent but deeply damaging admission Gillian Bristow and Dr Nigel Blewitt pro­ used to reclaim debt. New approaches are of the Ministry of Agriculture in London viding expert evidence to meetings of the being proposed. that it failed to pass on information about Finance and European Committees - SNP Major spending on road and rail infra­ illegal genetically modified seed which was Chief Whip and member of the European structure has been dominated by urban con­ distributed and planted before steps to Committee Mr Bruce Crawford. MSP gestion. Ago in New Labour's Transport and remove it could be taken. said: Environment Minister. Sarah Boyack For believers in devolved government the "Today’s expert evidence from distin­ bowed to pressure against the imposition of constant difficulties of not having enough guished academics completely vindicates road tolls on the main trunk road between cash to meet expectations or to remove the SNP’s argument that the current sys­ Glasgow and Edinburgh. Now road and obstacles to economic advance such as the tem of allocating EU structural funds parking charging measures in cities may be highest petrol prices in Europe, due to leads to Scotland losing out. allowed. A real debate about improving the heavy fuel duty mean that the friction will "Funding is allocated by the EU status of Gaelic to a new sense of security continue. For those who wish a new politics according to the Barnett formula, which has led to politicisation of the issue as never to emerge that shows signs of growth. For is working to squeeze Scottish spending. ” before. That is what direct parliamentary those who see Scottish independence in The Shadow Finance Minister Mr power implies and that is ali to the good. Europe as the natural end point in the con­ Andrew Wilson. MSP said: A start to improve Scotland's public stitutional process there is hope that the sta­ "In Wales. A/un Michael was forced to housing stock and the creation, equally con­ tus quo is now devolution and that increas­ resign as First Minister because he could troversially of National Parks are the kind ing powers in the Scots Parliament will not secure the Treasury funding neces­ of bread and butter issues being tackled. All gradually lead to public demand for full sary to deliver the full benefits of these subjects have benefited from close powers. Objective One status. "The system must be changed. With scrutiny in committee and the power of For all the teething problems of its first Independence. Scotland would not suffer Committee Chairs such as the SNP's year an exciting new prospect of enhanced from this problem. But even within the Roseanna Cunningham - Justice and Land democratic control of Scottish affairs beck­ constraints of devolution, it cun be solved Reform, and John Swinney. Enterprise and ons. The Scots people voted for it. Now they want it to work. by taking EU funding out of the Barnett Lifelong Learning have been outstanding. formula. ” Whilst trying to avoid damaging divi­ Rob Gibson Seumas Lack of Gaelic Progress Mac A’ Ghobhainn: Dismays Activists Memorial Fund It is now over a year since the first ever such blackmail, the Executive has been Scottish Parliamentary elections resulted in attempting, with some success, to use time Appeal the formation of a Labour-Liberal coalition honoured divide and rule techniques on the administration. In this year. Gaelic activists Gaelic groups. Unless the Gaelic agencies Glasgow City Council have finally have become increasingly disillusioned by stand up to their principles in the face of given The 1820 Society permission to the Scottish executive's failure to take any blackmail, the future for Gaelic is very bleak erect a memorial to Seumas Mac a' significant measures to promote the lan­ indeed as there can be little hope for future Ghobhainn. one of the early stalwarts of guage. Apart from holding one parliamentary growth in the numbers of Gaelic speakers if the Celtic League, next to the 1820 debate about Gaelic education in Gaelic, the a right to Gaelic medium education is not Memorial at Sighthill Cemetery, Scottish Executive has done nothing of sub­ created. Glasgow, where his ashes were scattered stance to date. The issue of Secure Status for The moral of the story could not be clear­ in 1987. the language, which the Labour Party have in er: if you want to see progress with Gaelic, The 1820 Society are issuing an appeal the past claimed to support, has apparently don't vote Labour! for funds to erect the memorial which, it completely disappeared from the political Uilleam Mac Caluini is hoped, will be unveiled on September agenda with the prospect of a Gaelic 10. this year, at the annual commemora­ Language Act seeming further away than tion of Scotland's last major uprising. ever. Despite calls from Gaelic agencies and Historian, author and activist. Seumas supporters, the Scottish Executive have also Celtic League Mac a’ Ghobhainn (1930-1987) was co­ failed to mention Gaelic in the National author of the first major study on The Parks Bill and have rejected all calls to com­ Internet Site Scottish Insurrection of 1820 (1970). pel national park authorities to draw up which attempted to sever the Union with Gaelic policies through the bill. http://www.manxman.co.im/cleague/ England. He was a member of the SNP It is in the field of education that the e-mail General Secretary': since his teenage, although on the far left Scottish Executive’s record on the language [email protected] of the party being both a republican and has caused the greatest concern. In the edu­ a socialist, and although educated in his cation Bill, the first such bill to be introduced e-mail Assistant G.S.: native Edinburgh he was a fluent Gaelic to Scotland's Parliament, the Scottish [email protected] speaker and a published poet in the lan­ Executive did not propose to mention Gaelic guage. al all. Following a great amount of pressure A rousing talk in the late 1960s led to from the Gaelic community and opposition (he formation of Comunn na Citnain parties and a petition to the Scottish Albannaich (Scottish Language Society ), Parliament, the Scottish Executive subse­ of which he was president, which resort­ quently agreed to give Gaelic a token, but ed to radical actions during the 1970s to meaningless mention in the Bill and to desig­ Gaelic TV gain status for the language. He was the nate Gaelic as an equally meaningless co-author of The Problem of Language “national priority'. This falls very short of the The Chairman of the National Revival (Club Leabhar. 1971). minimum demands being made by Gaelic Broadcasting Council of Scotland has The Alba Branch of the Celtic League organisation. assured the Celtic League's Alba is currently working to publish a small Gaelic us a 'national priority' merely Branch that the Broadcasting Council biography and a collection of his selected means that local authorities will have to write of Scotland "is working to ensure that articles. Professor Kenneth McKinnon yearly reports as to what (if anything) they management protect the commitment to (author of The Lion's Tongue) will be aim to do in terms of providing Gaelic medi­ developing Gaelic services on both dig­ w'riting an introduction. um education and/or to define for themselves ital and analogue channels”. Seumas joined the Celtic League soon how they aim to measure demand for Gaelic The Scottish Branch Secretary, after it was formed and remained a com­ medium education and how (if at all) they Risnidh Mag Aoidh had written to Sir mitted member until his death. He was a plan to respond to this demand. This, in other Robert Smith seeking support for the member of the organising committee of words, means that local authorities can safe­ establishment of a Gaelic television Serif Celt, the Celtic languages book fair ly continue to ignore the wishes of parents if channel. in 1985 and 1986. A full obituary was they wish to. This is exactly the situation that Sir Robert also advised that published in Carn (no 57). Spring. 1987. Gaelic groups have been trying to avoid in “progress is being made to extend the He died in London but. at his request, the first and exactly the reason why they Radio nan Gaidheal transmission his ashes were taken home to Scotland have been calling for a statutory right to reach" and indicated that proposals to and scattered at the 1820 Memorial Gaelic medium education within the carry that service on the Internet will be where the bodies of the executed insur­ Education Bill! advanced in the coming months. rection leaders are buried. The ceremony At the time of going to press, the Scottish The Scottish Branch had also raised was covered by Scottish television and Executive were not only flatly refusing to issues relating to the provision of the press. even consider the possibility of creating any broadcast news services for Scotland Donations for the memorial to this right to Gaelic medium education, but were and Sir Robert indicated that all the great Scotsman and Pan Cell should be also threatening to withdraw their offers to points raised in the League's correspon­ sent to lan Bayne (chairperson of The mention Gaelic in the Education Bill or to dence will be brought to the next meet­ 1820 Society). 8 Clarence Drive. designate Gaelic as a ‘national priority' if the ing of the Broadcasting Council for Glasgow G12 9QJ. Scotland. Gaelic agencies did not fully and publicly Scotland. accept the Government's proposals. Through Brog. C'hoa/.h eo bet c’hoariet gant Ar Vro Bagan e 1999. Gant Rcnii Derrien oa bet lakaet e brezhoneg ivez e 1974 (Bleun-Brug) gant an ano War Van-'ll etrezeg ar Mor ha B r e i z h c'hoariet gant Teatr Penn ar Bed. Filmet oa bet zokcn gant FRA. e keriadenn Meneham Kerlouan. harp er mor bras; Chanig ar Gall o vezaii ar vanini. In the Shadow of the Glen ( 1903) a zo bet iroet e brezhoneg ivez gant Youenn Drezen Synge HAG AR BREZHONEG gant an ano "An Draonienn hep lieol" evil ar gelaouenn War du ar Pal (1938) hag adem- bannel en niverenn 14 skrid. An daou bezh- John Millington Synge a zo mum eus ar skrivagnerien a roas da Iwerzhon ur c'lioari-se a zo bet adetnbannet en niveren- c'hoariva broadel. Evel Yeats, e saozneg eo en deus skrivet damisi ma oa bet o noti: 15-16 eus AL LAiW. teskiii gouezeleg en inizi Aran azalek 1898. Ganet oa bet e Du lenii e 1871 ha men ci The Playboy of the Western World (1907) e reas eno e 1909. Panefe ul levr diwar-benn e bennadoìi amzer tremenet en Inizi ar pezh a lakeas iwerzhoniz da vcint e belbi e Aran (1907) Ita “Barzhonegoii ha troidigezhioii ( 1909) ez eo pezhioit-c’lioari eo en C'hoariva an Abati, feuket nut oant bet gant deus skrivet. ar goap a veze graet anezho. Gant Remi Derrien oa bet troet c 1977 e Lahous-den Penn ar Red c'hoariet gant Teatr Penn ar Bed. leurenniei gant Gwilhou Kergourlay. c'hoarivaour a vicher ganet e Elian o labourat e C'hoariva Roazhon. Mikeal Madeg a oa oc’h ober Christopher Mahon. Gant FR3a o bet filmet ivez. Nevez adkempennet eo bet ar skrid ha lakaet e brezhoneg Kreiz Breizh gant stroilad Kallag. ur stroilad c'hoariva savet c 1993. F. Kreiz Breizh eo lakaet an istor da dremen setu m'eo deut ar pezh da vezaii: Lubaner Kreiz Breizh Stagel hit da c'lioari e 1999. Gant Skol Vrci/.h eo bet embannet e penn kentaii ar hloazh 2000. gant ur pennad fon- nus skrivet gant Fransez Favereau da ziger- itV'Jolin Millington Synge. Breizh hag ar Playboy..." Ur pezh hi arvest eo "the play­ boy..." The Well o f the Saints a zo ur pezh tri arvest ivez. En 1994 e oa bet lakaet e brezhoneg gant Kristian ar Bras ha Bob Simon ha c'hoariet gant stroilad Plougin gant ‘Puns ar Sent ' with St rollini Plan gin an ano Puns ar Sent. Nevez embannet eo e (Courtesy Louis Blonce) penn kentaii 2000 gant Brud Nevez-Emgleo Bruz gant un droidigezh "hag a choirt an tosta posubl ouz ar skrid orin". E 1 896 pa oa e Pari/, e reas anaoudegézh Pierre Loti, oberour Pesketour an Island; ha When the Moon as set n’eo ket gwall gam Yeats. ar skrivagner brade!, ezcl eus Renan... anavezet. Ur pezh berr un arvest eo. Gant Ar "Breuriezh Republikan Iwerzhon". "Koll Kelt iroet ina oa gant Brei/li ilia stagas da Vro Bagan eo bet c'hoariet e gal leg. Emaer hoc'li am/.er a rii e Pari/, emezaii dezhafi. Kit zeskin brezhoneg. Ur veaj e Breizh-I/.el. e ouzh e dreiti e brezhoneg. d'an inizi Arali, d'ober anaoudegezh gant Kemper dreisi-holl. a reas e 1899. "Gwelet Chom a rafe daou bezh-c'hoari all da Iwerzhon wirion. ha labourat war al len- en doa talvoudegezh dispar al lennegezh lakaat e brezhoneg: negezli". Yeais ivez a lakeas aiie/haiì d'ober pobl hag an hengounioii chomet beo er The Tinker's Wedding (1907) ur pezh anaoudegezh gant lady Gregory ha da gen- broioii keltiek" (R. ar Porzh). Lcvczonet bras daou arvest hu Deirdre of the Sorrows ( 1910) laboural da scvel ar c'hoariva broadel. Ganio e oa gam Brei/li hag e klaskas dont ur wech embannet war lerc'h m'oa marvel Synge. Ur e voe savet C'hoariva an Abati: The abbey all da weladennin hor bro. Re ziwe/hal pezh tri arvest. holl-gaer ha don kenafi. theatr e Dulenn hag ha zo bel kcn pouezus e siwazh. istor ar c'hoariva. er bed holl. Plijet-bras ha troet eo bet ivez ar diwar-benn ar garantez. ar ntaro. ar mojen- Plijet-bras ha sachei oa Svilite gant vrezhonegerien gain Synge. Gant e bezhioCi- nou... Breizli Remond Ar Ptirzh (A/ Liamm-1980) c'hoari hag a zo bet meur a hini anezho troet Petra a sach ar vrezhonegerien war-z.u lia Franse?. Favereau (Skol Vrei/li 2000- ha c'hoariet e brezhoneg. Synge kentoc'h eget war z.u O'Casey? (Ar Lubancr Kreizh Breizh) o deus studiel petra Riders of the Sea da gentafi (1904) lakaet Vro Bagan en deus c'hoariet ha troet tri fezh eo bet Levezon d' Arbois de Jubainville. e brezhoneg gant Youenn Drezen e Gwalarn anezhan). Galv an namr. an inizi. ur guniu- kclctvner er Sorbonne war ar yezh. ar seve- e 1926 gant an ano War Van ’ll tl’ar Mar ha niezh tud tost a-walc'h ouz.li ar vretoned nadiir hag ar gwir Kclliek: bini Aliatole ar c'hoariet e Plougerne gant Panned Mikeal an diwar-ar inaez. romatiielezh ar gouezeleg Braz. ha dreisi-holl e labourioìi diwarbenn ar Noble/ Yann-Vari Perrot e l928 hag e hag ar gaeltac'h? pardonioù. ar maro, an ankou. an anaon: bini Lezneven e 1938 gant stroilad ar Bleun- Goulc’han Kervella zine. After his first translations. Drezen also wrote poetry, plays, and then short-stories Diviz - Forum and novels. Youenn Drezen wrote for Gwalarn up until the last issue of the maga­ The Breton Model and socialo-communism zine in 1944. During the war he also wrote It seems that the socialo-communists and famines in the fertile land of Ukraine. in the weekly Arbor, and worked for the and their government are equally upset by Misery, abandon and despair everywhere. Breton radio Radio-Roazhon. After the war he wsis arrested and tried, like a lot of other Breton agriculture as they have been by And here we are today, with a minister Breton nationalists, for alleged ‘collabora­ the Breton culture. It's not that long since from the socialo-eommunist government one was fed romantic dreams about this who comes to lecture us with disdain and tion' with the Nazis. After that he ran a pub in Naoned. and later worked in An Oriant as Celtic region on the edge of Europe. contempt about the Breton Model. And It was this Brittany and its penn-ti, nes­ then what do they do? These civil ser­ a journalist on a local daily. He died in 1972 tled in the wild moor, wind-swept by a vants send one of their own on a mission in An Oriant and was buried in his native town of Ponl-*n-Abad. wandering nomadic wind blowing in the as they used to do with the French mist, and where the natives still speak a colonies. He will then be rewarded with Youenn Drezen’s best-known works are Celtic dialect. You would almost think an end-of-career promotion for his pil­ his two novels ‘SkoJ-Iouam Veig Trebcrn’ you’re in Connemara! These Bretons! grimage to the Celtic land, and the (inspired by his own childhood) and ‘Itron Guilty of being behind the times! Bretons will receive through grunts and Varia Garmez’ (the hard life of common And yet, dial same Brittany, thanks to aid part of the tax diey have already paid people in the Bro Vigoudenn area in the the determination of its people, has man­ to finance the Pompidou Centre and the 1920s seen through the eyes of an artist). He aged. in the space of a few decades, and Mitterrand National Library. also gave us short-stories such an "An through a dynamic and efficient develop­ Brittany does not care about this fact- Doueren-dro d’an Inizi’ (the work and love ment. to produce what is now called the finding mission. The Bretons know all too of a sculptor in the Vannes area). ‘Sizhun ar Breton Model. It was a question of well about these problems, for they live Breur Arturo’ (a young novice in a religious order falls in love) — beautiful poems such rebuilding the country, which had been with them on a daily basis, and can only ruined by war. and the Bretons got to rely on themselves to transform and adopt as his ‘Kan da Gomog' (sunset song) or work. They were asked to produce more, the political and economical policies in ‘Nozvezh Arkuz e beg an Enezenn’ (in and even more again. The farmers decid­ Brittany. memory of his friend, the Breton writer ed to invest and to modernise their pro­ Yann Jestin Jakez Riou, who died in 1937). Among his duction machinery. There was work for (Courtesy Breizh info.) translations one can mention ‘War varc’h everybody. Unemployment? It wasn't d’ar mor’: (an adaptation of Synge’s ‘Riders to the Sea'). ‘Per ar C’honikl’ (translated heard of. from Beatrix Potter's Peter Rabbit), or oth­ At the same time, everything was tak­ ing shape, with the exemplary setting up ers from various authors in different lan­ of bunks, benefit societies, co-ops and guages (Hawthorne, Synge, Walter Scott. unions. And no one has forgotten the The Centenary of Calderon. Aeschylus). Breton farmers’ revolts, and where Articles in several Breton literary maga­ Brittany is concerned. Paris always gets Youenn Drezen zines. like Al Liamm or Al Lanv, marked worried. At the same time, market mod­ the centenary of his birth. An exhibition of ernisation. upgrading of the road network 1899-1972 his work was held in Pont-‘n-Abad, and and development of training and third speeches on his life and work were given A commemoration to the memory of level education took place. It was the time during the commemorative celebration held Breton writer Youenn Drezen took place in when the Hibernio-Anglo-Breton line (the there in September 1999. September 1999. through a variety of events B Al) was set up and then became Brittany But those celebrations were not appreci­ held in Pont-’n-Abad, southern Finistère. Perries. What a challenge! What an ated by everyone. Some people, in the Pont- Youenn Drezen was born in September adventure! Organised and structured as it 'n-Abud area, criticized the organizers for 1899 in Pont-‘n-Abad. in a poor Breton- is, the Breton production has imposed allegedly concealing: some of Drezen’s speaking family. After primary education itself on the markets, and that's what mat­ writings during the war. At that rime, they there, he left for Spain in 1911, when ters. said, Drezen was a 'pro-Nazi collaborator’. Catholic orders running secondary schools And all this allowed the Bretons to be The recurring argument that Breton nation­ bad to emigrate from the French Republic, able to live and work in their own coun­ alists. or precisely here. Breton writers who after a laïcisation law was passed by the try. What has become known as the wrote during the war, were 'pro-Nazis', has government of the time, fie spent several Breton Model, with of course a few resurged in Brittany in recent years, with years in a Catholic seminary, first in the imperfections, is admired, envied and is some intensity. Articles in French papers or already becoming a little perturb inf; to the Basque Country and then further south in magazines are regularly published on the Castilla. Then he decided to give up his Parisian overlords. The Bretons - guilty subject — this has now become the favourite studies for the priesthood and came back to again! argument for anti-Breton articles in Frenehy And meanwhile, what was happening Brittany in 1917. During his years abroad papers. The supporters of Breton national­ Youenn Drezen had developed a great inter­ in Eastern Europe under these socialo- ism and the Breton language do accept that est in the Breton language and literature. communist regimes that promised the some of the writings published by some Great Night Dream? Misery and dehu­ After he had tried several jobs, he became a writers at that time, in Brittany like in manisation. lies and the Gulag! Lifeless journalist with a local weekly, and started France, should not be condoned by today’s countryside deprived of farmers and their writing in Breton. At that time he met democrats, but they do not accept that such families forced to live in concrete towns Roparz Hemon, the creator of a new literary arguments be used to tarnish our contempo­ or deported as far as Siberia. We were to magazine, called Gwalarn. and his first writ­ raries’ reputation, nor that our legitimate witness a succession of food shortages ings. which were translations from English demands be brushed away for that reason. and Spanish, were published in that maga­ I.K. Diwan v EN ... a mouse is born Galu-Karaez 99 ... from the Mammoth Breton lobby for Democracy The Government of Lionel Jospin gave strong hopes to Diwan-Breizh At the end of last year, a group of Breton in the field of a state school status... people from di lièrent origins initiated a Claude Allegre. the minister in charge, call (GALU.) for democracy The group was ready to reform the so-called. Mammoth. asked all citizens of Brittany to join them. Remember in Europe, the National Kannadig Of course, if you sign on you must accept Education body (EN) is the first administra­ Human Rights as a rule. Anyone who acts tion after the red army. There the communist DIWAN Breizh or speaks as a racist cannot take part in this trade unions are stronger than the (prime) organisation because you must accept dif­ Minister. Alter a lew discussions between IKirmigoù ar Stad : ferences in term of cultures. Diwan and the governmental administration. Violence is excluded too because it is L. Jospin put on the agenda, propositions for 8 mis o c’horfoz, © t ’horHoz... clearly a pacifist movement. On that basis July 1999. This decision came after the they have five aims: peaceful demonstration in Karaez in Ha setu ar • A public regional status for Diwan February 2000. Mantouf schools. Unfortunately in September Diwan- Meur • The modification of the stale constitu­ Breizh had nothing new from the govern­ tion. France must implement the ment. Therefore, they focussed most of their European Charter for Minority Languages as well as the International energy on another issue: The High School of o rein buhez Convention on Children's Rights Karaez. At the end of the day. the Region d’ul loqodenn vihan % and the city beta the Jacobinist's lobbies of Claare ny Gael chloisteàil. Bhi Gàidhlig à labhairt irei sin agus is beag Domhnach a gcaillimid e. Breizh agus d'aithin mé f mar chineàl airithe Td clär eile ag Bobby Bob träthnöna De Gaeilge. Ceadaoin idir 9.45 agus lO.OOp.m. Traa dy Casadh bean orm ag Mòd na hAIban cùpla Lioor/ Träth go Leor is ainm don chlar seo. & Éire bliain ó shin agus bhi sf ag cur sfos ar éis- Comhrd agus agallaimh is mo a bhionn anseo leacht le Raidió Éireann le lini) an dara agus ni bhionn mörän Bearla air. Bhios ag éisteacht tantali 6 shoin le cogadh mór agus i ina cónai in Inse Gali. D'fheadfadh äbhar ar bitli a bheith i geeist. bean as Raidió na Gaeltachta ag cur agal­ Thaitnigh an eeol Gaelaeh agus na hamhrain Caithfidh me a admhdil nach n-eirionn linn latali ar léachtóir óg le Gaeilge in agus an Ghaeilge lèi. D'éisteadh an teagh- eisteacht leis an gclär seo rö-mhinic. Ollscoil Roazhon (Rennes, sa lach ar fad le RE go rialta. Ceapaim nach mbionn an glacadh rö-shoileir bhFraineis) agus ehtiile ti agus aa uaithi Mas i Manainn croi an domhain Cheiltigh, ag an am seo de bharr trasnafocht 6 stdisiuin i suite i Idr baili agus Mananndn dar bhfaire. eile. faoi lion na ndaltai bhi ag foghlaim agus ma la Radio Vannin ag craoladh ba Maidin De Donihnaigh, glacann Brian Gaeilge san Ollscoil sin. chóir go bhféadfai è a chloisteàil i dtiortha Stowell, scoläire Gaelgagh, pairt i gclar idir Ag an gcéad dui sfos bhi an ctiigeachas eile Éire, Albain agus an Bhreatain Blieag 10.15 agus 12.00 mean lae in eineacht Ie uafàsach san nach bhfeiceann conas mar go hairithe. Andy Wim. Moghrey Jedooney / Maidin De a blieadh aon neach eachtrannach ag léir- Tà taithi agam agus ag ino bhean ar éis­ Donihnaigh is teideal don chlär seo agus is ió spéise ionainn; nach gereideann i teacht go rialta le Radio Vannin. Tàimid inàr popcheol. den chuid is nid. a bhionn air. ndàirire go blifuil fiuntas a mheallfadh gcónai i ndeiseeart Chontae Atha Cliath agus daoine eile againn; nach gà duina bheith tà an glacadh maith go leor. Tà ceann de na mórtasach. bródtiil agus macànta. bhi san cnaipf sa ghiuaistean socraithe go buan à léiriu aici. againn le RV a ghlacadh. Is fili é seo, feadh Nior luaigh si an Bliriotàin ar chor ar an ehósta thoir ar an aon chaoi. f i f t U t K bith. Agus seo à scriobh agalli làici fós ar Cén sórt dar a n-éistimid leo? Na clàir Raidió na Gaeltachta ag tràcht ar na dal- Ghaelacha ar ndóigh. 1 3 6 8 A M I 89 • 97.2 • 103.7FM Cuireann Bob Carswell Claare ny Caci / tai seo ón bhFrainc a bheidli i dTfr Clàr na nGael i làthair gach tràthnóna Dé Chonaill i gcaitheamh an tsamhraidh. Domhnaigh idir 6.30 agus 7.45p.m. Is clàr Ach bionn comlirä idir an bheirl láilhreoirí Ach rruS chàinim aineolas lucht an dàtheangach é seo. le ceol, cairn, fógrai. agus éiríonn le Brian piosai beaga Gaelgey a raidió caoinim mi-éifeacht àr geuid nuacht agus Unir na hainisire. Tà bealach ehur i láthair agus iad a mhíniú - seanfhocail bolscaireachta féin: ach muid nios atrd- deas nàdùitha ag “Bobby Bob John Billy” agus giotai beaga véarsaioehta. Pléann si ad eallaf ni tharlódh a leithéid. ach muid mar a thugann sé air féin. aitile a bhaineann le stair agus saiocht an nios fearr chutge ni leanfadh sé. Maidir le ceol, is ceol na dtiortha oilediti, an cheoil, na n-amhràn agus an Mà ghoileann sé orainn. Éireannaigh. Ceilteacha den chuid is mó a bilioni! ag Bob. ducháis go ginearàlta. logainnmeacha agus bheith airithe mar Bhrìotannaigh nach é cé go mbionn piosai eile aige l'reisin. Ni scéalta spéísiúla ón stair agus ón an dàla céannu ag na Briotàinigh nuair a folàir nó là bailiùchàn breà céirnfni aige nó mbéaloideas. Cloisimid rudai a bhaineann tugiar Francaigh orthu. ag RV. Idir na piosai ceoil bionn mireanna leis na féilti agus tràtha na bliana. stair na Luaigh an léachtóir féin an Bhriotàin cainte aige. Iontu seo bionn dhd shrutli. mar liiascaireachta. na heaglaise. etc. BThéidir adéarfà. ag sniomh trid an gelar, sruth Béarla nach dtaitneodh un cinedi ceoil ata aran gelar agus Briotàinis le chlos sa chalhair ach agus sruth Gaelgagh. ar dhà théama ar leith. seo le daoinc àìrithe. ach is bealach maith é duiri sé gur gà bheith taobh le Béarla ag Is iondtiil cursai staire, nó béaloideasa nó le cuid de dluichas an oileàin a clmr i làthair muineadh na Gaeilge ann, é ag tabhairt le seanchais, nó litrìochta a bheith i gceist. an aosa óig. Bionn an glacadh an-soiléir ag fios nàrbh ann d'ài.scanna i mBriotàinis Is é tuar na haimsire an mhir is fusa do an am seo den là. (nà i bhFraincis féin) a tJiubhurfudh léar- Ghaeilgeoiri na hEireann a thuiscint. mar Tàim ag tràchl ar RV ag craoladh ar an gas dóibh ar an tir seo. aistriuchdin ar gurb ionann beagnach an téarmaiochl a meàntonn nó AM ar 1368 kHz. Ta sé seo chuid de litriocht na tire seo. bhaineann leis an aimsir. sa dà theanga. beagán ar dheis ó BBC Raidió Uladh a An féidir, mar shanipla, nach bhfuil Blieadh a leitliéid fior i gcàs na Gàidhlig chraolann ar 1341 kHz. Tà nialaiit chraolta foclóir Gaeilge/Fraincis Risteard de hAe. freisin. ar fáil. scaiti. ar RV FM 89.0. MHz. sin an a easnamhai anois é. ar lail san Ollscoil; De bharr córas litrithe dà cuid féin a bhei- ardmhinìciocht, ach silim nach mbeadli sé Fotfóir Fealsaimh a theoranta é ach a tli an nGaelg tà deacrachtai ag na hEirean- seo inchloiste ach ar ehósta Chontae an Dúin. bhfuil an Fhraincis In usàid ann; leabhair naigh le léamh na Gaelgey. agus a mhalairt Bionn comhchraoladh ar siiti ag Raidió na go cruinn, gan amhras — gyn ourys. Ach is Gaeltachta agus Raidió nan Gaedheal. Louis Le Roux nei an Abbe Poisson? Tá idir Bhriotáinis is Gaeilge san leab- Co. Donegal (birthplace of St. Colmcille) liar a d'fhoilsíos féin lamaillín ó shin ar Neart le Cheile highlighted to many the need for the long- Roparz ffemon, is mó eagrún de Al Liamm absent unity betw'een both peoples. ina raibh suothur aistrithe ón Ghaeilge agus Amidst the usual festivities that descend­ eoi as ar ímeachtaí na tíre i mBriotáinis. ed with St. Patrick's Day in Eire this year, Níor luadh iad ar an gclár ná níor luadh Ar was the second meeting of the "Parlimint na Vro mar a mbíodh lear maitli eolais ar nOg". at the Guildhall, in Derry. The Youth ehúrsaí na hEireann. Parliament was established in 1997. at the Níor luadh saothar Éamoin Uí Chíosáin Sabhal Mor Ostaig institute on the Isle of sna tri titean gacha atá i gceist: Une lie el Skye as part of the Iomairt Cholm O'Am res Iles: Poèmes gantiques on uè me Cille/Columba Initative that aims to foster siècle gona leabhar liosta mar shampla. closer relations between the Gaels in Eire Ach rud is measa fós ónár dtaobh de and Alba. The Parliament was made up pre­ níor luadh ár bhfoilseacháin féin. idir dominantly of undergraduate university stu­ Carn na bliainirisí is eile. An é nach dents from institutes as far apart as Tralee A proposal, that w;as overwhelmingly bhfuilid i Leabharlann na hOllscoile? An é and Stornoway, Edinburgh. Belfast. accepted by the Parliament in its final sit­ gach geuinear na dallai ar an eolas fá Aberdeen and Galway. The week as a ting, was that opportunities like this should dtaobh diobh? Cad is gá dúinn a whole proved to be an exciting and above not in future be missed and that the dhéanamh? all. educational experience. All business of “Parlimint na nOg” should therefore meet Pádraig O Snodaigh the Parliament was held through the medi­ more than ¡list once a year. To do this, the um of Gaeilge/Ghadhlig, where topics of setting up of an inter-varsity Celtic council any kind, social, cultural or economic were was agreed upon, however, whether fruits debated at length. will be borne from this in the coming year The meeting aroused a degree of media remains to be seen. What is evident is that An Era of Growth interest from both countries and most of the many of the students present remain in con­ events were open to the public. The week tact. and attempts are being made to estab­ ended with a superb concert, in celebration lish pan-Celtic clubs or societies in some of and Achievement - of a shared Celtic heritage - Trasna na these colleges. One such group - ‘Cairdeas Maoile/Across the Moyle - specially organ­ Ceilteach’ will hopefully be up and run­ ised in the Magee College. Derry. Among ning. at Nl!I. Galway by next September. Gaelscoileanna those present were poets Meig Bateman and For any further info: contact Cathal O Searcaigh. and musicians Maire [email protected] The emphasis at the Gaelscoileanna Ni Dhomhnaill and lain Mae Donald. A day Ruairi O hAodha AGM. held in Belfast lor the second year visit by all the students present to Gamut in running, was on the new structures for sup­ port of Irish medium education in the from fratrenal Republic and in the Gaelic medium More Funding Needed for TG4 North as well as on education move­ TG4 has prepared a three year plan for the the campaign to ments in Alba and station which proposes an extension to the maintain the mar­ Mannin. Attending broadcasting hours in Irish from four to six ginal extra marks for the first time hours a day. To achieve this, an increase in given to the students Brian Stowell. funding of at least £8ni over the present who take their Mannin said: 'Ta me £14m per annum, would be required and is being sought. The Minister for Arts, exams through Irish feer wooiagh de ve Heritage. Culture and the Gaellachl. Sile de in the Republic. anys shoii ayns While speakers Vivian Uibh Eachach, Niamh Ni Mhaoldin. Valera, has indicated that she will support the Nerin, loayrt application for greater funding. The new outgoing new' Uachtaran. front the North wel­ mychione cooishy head of the station appointed is Pòi Ó Uuchtaráin. Gaelscoileanna comed the new body ayns Elian Vannin - Gallchóir. previously a well-known broad­ to promote educa­ Ta an-âthas onn a cast in Raidió na Gacltachta. tion through Irish (see CARN 109) they blieith anseo in Eirinn is me ag labhairt faoi stressed the need foi uigciil fiuaueial support chtirsai in Oilcan Mha lainn. for existing schools founded in recent years. 1 dills bairc. lai mid na Mannanaigh. chun Phone Taps by UK Military In the Republic, with the new rules for aonad Manannaise Ian- aimseartha a bitumi i recognition requiring 15 months advance mbunscoil eigin in Oilcan Mhanainn. Beidh Breach of Civil Rights notice to the Department of Education by seo cosuil leis an scéim go bhfuil ag éiri go A Channel 4 documentary reported last year founders of new Irish medium schools w hile h-an mhaith leis in Albain faoi lathair - aon- that rhe electronic test facility at Capenhurst. new schools will continue to open, the num­ aid Ghaidhlig taobh ¡stigli de scoileanna Cheshire, England monitored all telephone, ber expected will certainly decrease. fax, e-mail and data communication between Bearla. Go deimhin. fuair muid cunanili go Vivian Uibh Euchach. long time member Ireland and Britain from 1990 to 1997. The of the Executive and liachtaran (President) leor ón Albannach mór sin. Finlay Mae Irish Council for Civil Liberties applied in of Gaelscoileanna. for the last four years Leoid.’ early June to otite European Court of Human retired from the organisation this year after Continuing in Irish lie said Manx parents Rights for a declaration that its staff and overseeing an era of rapid growth and would soon have the opportunity to send clients’ civil right were breached by these achievement for the organisation. An inter- their children to a full time Manx unit. illegal taps. Compensation is being sought celtic innovation this year was the invita­ £50.000 was being sought from the Manx for breaches of Articles 8 and 13 of the European Convention of Human Rights. tion extended to (Irish speaking) delegates government to start the venture. compromise. Irish Foreign Minister Cowen forcefully backed demands for changes in the Bill, which clearly dilutes Patten. The North ■ Focus Now on Patten Unionists meanwhile are pressing for reten­ tion of the name RUC. Forty four amend­ Three or four months ago the prospects Having faced ments have been tabled by the SDLP who are seemed Weak for the reinstatement of the down a leader­ demanding radical surgery on the legislation Northern Executive and Assembly following ship challenge a as it stands at present focussing in: its (unilateral and unwarranted) suspension month earlier by English Secretary' of Sate for the North. Trimble won • The name of the new police service, the Peter Mandelson. However, weeks of talks the vote by emblems to be associated with it. and the amongst the Northern parties and the Irish about the same flying of the Union flag over police sta­ and British governments led to a break­ margin. 53%. tions. through in early May with a commitment He could not • The new oath of service for police offi­ forthcoming from British Premier. Tony resist however, cers. and human rights training. Blair that the Executive and Assembly would displaying the • The power of the Ombudsman to investi­ be restored in the context of implementation Orange mentali­ gate the past conduct of police officers. of the outstanding elements of the Belfast ty in referring to Agreement. Sinn Féin as • Provision for the disbandment of the pre­ This was followed within days by an IRA ’needing to be Seamus Malian sent full-time Reserve. statement that it would open its arms dump house trained’. • Definition in law of the office of the for inspection by the International The Executive Oversight Commissioner (to oversee the Independent Commission on was restored at midnight (an institutions of implementation of the reform process). Decommissioning if the deal brokered was government) on 29th May. Sinn Féin • The composition and staffing of the new given the go ahead. A former Finnish President. Gerry Adams, incidentally, while policing board. President and a former ANC (South African) seeking an apology, took the canine refer­ General Secretary nominated as inspectors ence as back handed praise from the Unionist • The power of the polici ng board to follow subsequently visited Belfast and restrictions ’an admission that Sinn Féin does not roll up reports from the Chief Constable by in British Army strength were promised. The over at the behest of Unionist’. initiating inquiries. final acceptance of the deal depended on its The focus has now shifted to implementa­ Meanwhile the Bloody Sunday Inquiry ratification by Davis Trimble’s Ulster tion of the Patten Report on policing in the (Saville) continues to take evidence in Derry. Unionist Council, the archaic body who North and Lhe Police Bill introduced into Much of this is harrowing indicating as it holds sway over his Ulster Unionist Party Westminster which the nationalist and does the cold-blooded murder of civilians, (the breaking of which links could only assist republican dismay has emasculated the rec­ some with their hand up and others already matters all round). ommendations of the Patten Report - itself a wounded. A Step Forward for Wanted: Irish in the Gaeltacht in Planning Law Irish speakers to settle in Connemara! A rural re-settlement programme has been established in lhe Connemara For the first time ever recognition is to be given to Gaelteaeht. Irish in planning matters in the Gaeltachlai (Irish The project was initially set-up to encourage emigrated families from the speaking areas). Every County Council, which has a Camus/Rosmuc/Loch Conaortha/Coill Saile area to resettle there. The organis­ Gaeltacht within it, will have a responsibility to pro­ ers can assist in locating suitable housing and sites, and by providing financial tect and promote the Irish language with regard to advice. Support with the Irish language is also provided. any development lor which planning permission is Families not from Connemara who are interested in resettling to an Irish- required. Comhdhail Naisiunta na Gaeilge wel­ speaking area are also welcome to contact the project. However, at least one comed the amendments to the Planning Bill pro­ partner would need to have a reasonable knowledge of the language. posed by the Minister for the Environment, Noel The Galway Gaeltacht has seen a large number of job vacancies arise recent­ Dempsey. The Gaeltacht areas must now be given ly. spurned on by the solid performance of the national economy and the work recognition in the development plans of the County of Udaras na Gaeltachta in attracting new businesses and investment there. So Councils. Every planning application in Gaeltacht much so that Udanis recently resorted to a leaflet drop in the Mayo Gaeltacht. areas must be judged against the aim of protecting advertising the availability of jobs in the neighbouring county, in an attempt to and promoting the language. In preparing develop­ fill the many positions. ment plans for Gaeltacht areas County Councils Further details on the Connemara resettlement project are available from: must consult with Uduras na Gaeltacht. The Dail and Caitrfona Ni Chonaola / Mandy Ui Mhurehu / Diurmad 6 Mainnfn Senate have already accepted the amendments at Athlonnu Tuaithe. An Chrannog. Rosmuc Committee level and the Bill is expected to be Co. na Gaillimhe. passed before the end of June. The Bill did not go as far us proposed by An Comhdhail who had called for Fon: La/ Day: 00 353 91 574141 a language impact statement requirement to be Oiche/ Night: 00 353 91 590741 included. They are to propose another amendment to the Minister, which would require regulations to be Further information on resettlement opportunities within rural Ireland in gen­ prepared in conjunction with the Minister for the eral is available from - Gaeltacht to lay dowm planning rules associated with Rural Resettlement Ireland, Liffey House, Tara Street, Dublin 2 language matters. Tel: 00 253 I 672 7054 Mar tene ha redia hanowow piasow treeth Bosvena ha Trufru. niesk rima nye a wele: Cannalidgey (Egloscreeg), La n vean (Lanherne), Roseuggan ha Nanswhyden (Si

A Handbook Of The Cornish Language ./. G. Holmes Chiefly in its latest stages with some 240 Kaysersberg, Pow Frynk/France. Now the secret is out: It appears that he account of its history and literature by Apert yw nag o Kernewek yeth varow yn and the local Labour MP. Cathie Atherton, Henry Jenner. HB. 208 pp. 1904. (reprint­ tien rag Jenner yn 1904. dell lever Kay yn have cooked up a scheme whereby £30 ed). Stg.£29.00 y erthygel. Hag apert yw nag yw yeth million pounds of public funds, channelled Y'n lyver henwys The Celtic Revolution varow lemmyn ! through the (non-elected) Regional gans Peter Berresford Ellis, my a redyas, a My a wayt peub re redyas hemma dhe Development Agency, will be spent pur­ gynsa prys. a-dro dhe Henry Jenner ha'y vynnes prena dyllans nowydh an lyver brav chasing the mine and surrounding land Dhornlyver. Mes nyns esen vy ow tyski rna a dal y redya. hep dout vydh I Mar from his company. Some of us cannot help Kernewek y’n tennyn na, Dyllys veu A mynn nebonan prena dyllans nowydh an w'ondering how much of this taxpayer's Handbook o f the Cornish Language gans lyver ma, skrif dhe: money will end up lining the pockets of Henry Jenner yn 1904. Aswonnys yn la Jori Ansell. Kesva An Taves Kernewek / Mr. Giddings and his fellow directors? gans dyskadoryon an yeth yw "Domlyver Cornish Language Board. 65 Churchtown It is all the more ironic since a fraction of an Taves Kernewek". Tokyn dasserghyans Gwynnyer/Gwinear. Hevl/Hayle. Kernow that sum would have tided die mine over an yeth yw an lyver ma. Ynno y kevir an TR27 5JL until tin prices recover. geryow ma skrifys gans Jenner: Pnig y tal Pig. ha Faks 01736 850878 As it is. instead of helping basic industry, dhe Gernowyon dyski Kernewek? Teg yw E-Bost / E-Mail: the funds, including European Objective an govynn ha sempel an gorthyp. Awos aga Summary One money, will help set up 'retail' (i.e. bos kernewek! Soweth pan dhallathus dhe distribution warehouses) for manufactur­ dhyski an yeth nyns esa an Dornlyver yn A Handbook of the Cornish iMitgitage ers outside Cornwall. prynt! was published in 1904. It is well known by Cathie Atherton. MP. of course is rightly Yn An Gannas mis Gwynngala 1999, learners of the language that this book is a desperate for any positive outcome, given my re redyas avisyans ha derivadow yn token of the Cornish language revival. In her total impotence when the mine was kever Dornlyver Jenner. Lemmyn y hyllir this book we find the famous words wri tten first in difficulties. Someone with eyes on prena an lyver ha my a vynnsa leverel by Henry Jenner about learning the lan­ her seat is Meybon Kernow's Hilda wor'tiwedh, dhiworth Kesva an Taves guage: Why should Cornishinen learn Wasley. Kernewek. Pur dhe les yw ynwetih an Cornish? The question is a fair one. the The RDA. the so-called ‘Regional’ erthygel skrifys gans Ray Edwards yn An answer is simple. Because they are Development Agency mentioned above, is Gannas mis Kevardhu 1999. Ray a dhyspl- Comisionen. part of Tony Blair's answer to the English egyas poyntys a ramasek kevys yn I hope that everyone wlto reads this book w'ho feel hard done by, now that some Dornlyver Jenner ha traow arall pur dhe les review would like to buy this new edition, devolution has been granted Wales and ynwedh. My a gommendya redyans an which is stilt surely valuable reading and is Scotland. erthygel ma. Mar mynn nebonan kavoes available from Jori Ansell. Kesva an Naturally he is completely insensitive to fotoskrif anodho, skrif dhymmo orth : José Tavas. Kernewek. (address above). Cornish aspirations (although we have had CALVETE, 28 Flue Basse du Rempart, 68 José CALVETE a devolution movement for around sixty years). No, this region has to be big (to bal­ ance Wales?) and so his bureaucrats have Letter from America... drawn a boundary from Tewkesbury in the English Midlands to Salisbury in the South THE WOODSIDE MARCH East! And of course there is no democratic March 5. 2000 in Woodside. New York over the heads of the spectators. Needless to input! Thousands of pounds are being paid was a lovely day. The sun was shining and say we saved the flags and the spectators. to PR firms to provide this artificial there were nice gusts of wind to make the Speaking of spectators we had an hon­ ‘region" with a spurious identity. (lags stand out in the proper way. First a hit oured guest. First Lady and New York State Meanwhile, Cornish business has at last of the history of the parade. Senate candidate. Hillary Rodham Clinton. begun to see the trading value of marketing It was after the annual American branch's As you might expect it was very nice to have the genuine identity and cachet that the Samhain walk, at dinner in Greenwich some politicians there, hut in my own per­ "Cornwall" label already possesses. All it Village, that League members Ellen and Ron sonal opinion I am glad it was not a formal needs is u more co-ordinated approach and Duncan broached the idea of a parade. They parade. I enjoyed it because it was the Irish we might drag ourselves out of the eco­ had already set up a list of groups that they celebrating a holiday and welcoming every­ nomic quagmire! wanted to inv ite and asked the officers of the one to join in the celebration. That is how the One encouraging development concerns League, present at dinner, if the American holiday should be celebrated. There should The Institute of Cornish Studies (soon, we branch would participate. I thought it was a be no exclusivity of the parade and holiday to hope, to be part of a University of grand idea and agreed to present it at the next one group. We Irish are always complaining Cornwall), based near Falmouth, which meeting. It was brought up and the League’s has reached an agreement for co operation that not enough people acknowledge us and officers agreed. None of us had any idea that our history. Flow can they when we do not with the Centre de Recherche Bretonne el this parade would have a momentum of its spread the wealth of our history and invite Celtique at the University of Western own. We were wondering about publicity but others to join and participate, including our Brittany at Brest. soon we realized that was already taken care J. G. Holmes own kind. This is not only one of the precepts of. Once the Ancient Order of Hibernians of the Celtic League but the thinking behind (AOH) and the other parade regulars dis­ the organizers of the Woodside parade. avowed the Woodside Parade, the parade had I was very proud to have marched in the ready-made publicity. parade and look forward to marching next The Irish Voice and Irish Echo newspa­ year with the Celtic League. pers kept the parade alive in every issue with Margaret Sexton opinions from \ arious organizations and peo­ E-mail: [email protected] Comish/Kemewek ple. Beginning in November and even through this week Llie publicity was abun­ Awes bos ow levi yn fas bad aswon- dant. To be truthful, it was exciting and a lit­ nvos hag omglywes Kernowyon tle scary to he in a parade that generated so gwlasegneth agan povv. yma koedhys £ • Celtic warnan lemmyn gwask brass» a'y oes. much controversy. aban omsellyas es agan pynn lu Egbert, This was The Woodside St. Patrick's Day myghtern an sow son ! Herwydh an Parade. It was the alternative, non-traditional Women’s towlennow diweitha. ny dhur Kernow answer to the "proper. Ancient Order of hwath ave I ranndir by honan. Beudhys Hibernians approved Fifth Avenue Parade." vydhyn ni yn darn bras a Bow Sows, Here in Woodside everyone was included Conference gelvvys an 'Soth-Wesl'-Namoy gy'gan Koreans. Chileans. Chinese, guv. straight and bydh agan Esci Senedh agan honan. yes even the Orangemen were represented. Agan honander a vydh tewlys dhe This was truly a wonderful parade. The Celtic Women International (CWI) skocll. hag yn y le an Stat a vynn Celtic League American Branch was proud will hold its 3rd annual "Being kavocs dhyn onan fug a gost showr a l o be a participant and walk the country Hags Together" Conference in October 12-14, von a. down the mile and one-half route. As Branch 2000, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. USA. Secretary I was proud on different levels. The annual conference brings togeth­ Breton/Brezhoneg Proud to be marching in a St. Patrick's er well-known entertainers, speakers Parade: proud to be a marshal and over­ and participants from all the Celtic Email hor rencrieu oc’h over c-gi/ ma whelmingly proud to be carrying the tri­ vo Kerne Veur lukaet da viken e-barzh nations. colour of Ireland. If only my grandparents cur rannvro vras tar 'Mcrvcni Bro- A conference highlight is the and parents could have seen me. Steven Saoz" Kollet e vo evel-se azr peurrest DcVillo. co-marshal, carried the American Exceptional Celtic Woman Award pre­ bihun eus ar galloud da cn cm ten. Flag: Walter Stock carried the Cornish Flag: sented annually to celebrate, honour, Er memez ainz.er. na mad arhant a vo Mickey Burke carried the Scottish Flag: Ken and inspire women of Celtic heritage dispignel evid krouin eun eeunded throughout the world. warzu cur Faltazi cur cur vro! Tamm Gale carried the Manx Flag: Mary Downing For a brochure and registration form, henvel ouzli ar 'Bro al Liger'. nemet carried the Breton Flag: and Daniel arnan e vo beu/et Kernel a-bezh. Padova no carried the Welsh Flag, it was nice contact Celtic Women International at to hear the parade watchers as they recog­ or write PO Box 1384. Milwaukee. W1 Summary nized some of the flags and asked us what the 53201, USA. CWI welcomes men as .4 comment on the prospect on other ones represented. They were not aware well as women who are Celtic or arc Cornwall beitig absorbed into a premer that some of the countries had their own Hag. interested in Celtic culture and in cele­ English region (South HV.vf England) Yes. even in a parade The Celtic League con­ brating the accomplishments of women tinues to educate people. The big gusts of for devolution purposes. of that culture. Further information is wind that I mentioned earlier proved to be a J. Holmes available on the website: www.celtic- challenge at a few points in the parade; It was either save the flag or watch it go wafting women.org. Ayns red goll rish feed ny jeih as feed blein va’n chengey aavioghit as goll er loayrt myr chengey vio. I laink bingyn oikoil as cadjlney (standardisation) roo lurg yn aavioghey. Marinin Va n tiiart cheet voish feallagh aegey as ny lughtyn-thie oc. Ta Mulris Ó Laoire cosoy I agh ey ny gleashaghtyn-chengey ayns Nerin as sy Phalasteen. Tra va Steal Seyr Nerin currit er bun ayns 1922. va Yernish currit stiagh ayns scoillyn y steal shen. Cía dy row sleih goll Aavioghey Ewnish rish Pádraig Mac Piarais er nyannoo studeyrys dowin er aghtyn ry-hoi gynsaghey chengaghyn, cha dug y reiltys noa monney I ra va mee ayns Beeal Feirshtey er y glier- Sy nuyoo cheead jeig. Ewnyn va cumulai geill da'n Iheid. Smooinee ad er aght ennagh rid. hooar mee lioar yindyssagh enmyssii syn Oarpey heear, va ram jeu laccai dy heet dy noddagh ad cur y clag ergooyl as bwoal- ‘Alhbheochan na hEabhraise: ceacht don dy ve goll rish y phobble sy cheer raad v’ad ley Yernish stiagh ayns king ny paitchyn. Ghaeilge?" (‘Aavioghey Ewnish: lessoon son eumrnal. Ec y traa cheddin. v'ad laccai tan- Cha row deiney sy reiltys geaishtagh roosyn Yemish?'). Ta‘n lioar screeui ayns Yernish naghtyn nyn Ewnyn as freayll y credjue oc va gra dy beagh eh fardailagh dy phrowal ec Mu iris Ó Laoire. agh shimmey meer hene. Sy Ghermaan. va. Ewnyn Germaanagh d'aavioghey Yernish liorish ny scoillyn nyn ayns Baarle t'ayns y lioar - shoh meeryn goil goaill moym mooar jeh cultoor Germaanagh. lomarcan. Begin da’n vian d’aavioghey’n veih musagli Baarlagh mychione Ewnish. Va'n chooid smoo jeu geearree goll er chengey cheet voish creeaghyn y theay hene. As cha nel y lioar shoh mychione Ewnish ny sluggey stiagh dy kiart ayns bea yn cheer. As Cha beeu eh ve preached rish y theay dy lomarcan. T'eh mychione yn aght hie va Ewnyn elley ayns cheeraghyn elley syn 'Ihisagh' as loayrt Yemish, erskvn ooilley Ewnish er aavioghey dy speeideilagh as yn Oarpey heear va goll rish shen, mannagh row startaghyn oc as v'ad eginit aght nagh row ny Yernee cho speeideilagh as Cha row eh myr shen sy Roosh. Son y faagail y cheer oc dy gheddyn obbyr. ad geearree aavioghey'n chengey oc hene. chooid smoo sy nuyoo cheead jeig, ren Tra hooar mee y lioar shoh. va mee ec Ewnyn Rooshagh surranse dy h-agglagh. chaglym jeh Gaelscoileanna, y ghleashaght Mennick dy liooar. va Rooshee soie ormo as ry-hoi gynsaghey da paitchyn-scoill trooid marmo ad ayns pogromyn. Haink Ewnyn Yernish. Ere lion shen, she lioar feerchooie Rooshagh ynsit dy chredjal dy begin daue v'ayn. As rish ymmodee bleeantyn la mee geddyn cheer dauesyn hene raad nagh row shirrey lioar ta cur coontey cronnal jeh'n sleih elley tranlaasey ormo. Son shickyrys, aght hie Ewnish er aavioghey. va Ewnyn cimagli syn Oarpey va credjal y Ec y toshiaght. ca'n lioar shoh jeeaghyn red cheddin. agh shimmey Ew sy Roosh va dooin nagh row Ewnish ‘marmo' dy firri- credjal shen. Bunnys ec jerrey yn nuyoo nagh (as tashin cur my nerpaart jeh'n spoyrt cheead jeig haink ashoonaghys Ewnagh risii shen t'ec scoillaryn lesli y gherrym (term) myr y ghleashaght Seionagh (Zionist). Va shen \hengey varroo’). Son shickyrys. haink Ewnyn dy liooar garraghey dys v Phalasteen Arraniish (Aramaic) dy ve yn chengey va'n dy chur er bun cheer dauesyn hene. Ny mas- cliooid smoo dy hEwnyn loavrt gagh laa ny t'oc shoh va dooinney enmyssii Ben Yehuda, smoo na daa housane blein er dy henney. va ruggii ayns 1879 sy Liltooane (Lithuania) t'o'n ennym Eliczcr Perlman. Shimmey Scogli Aramaic Ewnish magli myr chengey Dr. Brian St Dwell yn theay. Agh hannee Ewnish myr chengey coontey jeh aavioghey Ewnish ta ginsli dliyt loayril ayns padjeryn ny hEwnyn as hannee dy nee Ben Yehuda ny lomarcan ren Ewnish myr chengey niartal va goll er screen aavioghey'n chengey. Ta skeeal ayn dy ec Ewnyn ynsil. Dy jarroo, she Ewnyn va cur dooyrt risii ben ‘Neeym poosey uss. As red Ec y traa t’ayn ayns Pobblaglu Nerin t'eh Ewnish er stoo ynsit screeut ayns Arabish sy elley - cha jeanmayd loayrt agh Ewnish.' Ta fassanagh dy chraiddey mysh Yernish as Spaainey mysli 900 - I 100 AD ren cur ablid lioar Ó Laoire soilshaghey dy row fraueyn irree inagli 1916. Agh ta reddyn mie taghyrt da ymmodee Oarpce gynsaghey mychione yn aavioghey sy Phalasteen roish my row neesht. Ta tooilley moiraghyn as ayraghyn ny reddyn yindyssagh hooar Arabee feddyn Ben Yehuda jannoo yn obbyr scanshoil ayns Nerin. sy twoaie as sy jiass. laccal ny magli mychione maddaghi as rollageydys as echey. Y red va jeant echeysyn. va shen dy paitchyn oc dy ynsaghey trooid Yernish cooishyn elley. She Eash Airhey Ewnish yeeaghyn da sleih elley dy dod ad goaill (ynsagh-thummey). Lesh doilleeid mooar v'ayn. ymmydjeh Ewnish myr chengey loayrit son (erskyn ooilley sy twoaie) ta lughl y Yemish Myr sliione dooin. va Ewnyn eginit faagail cooishyn laaoil chammah's myr chengey cur er bun scoillyn Yernish da ny paitchyn y cheer oc hene mysh daa housane vlein er chrauee. oc. Lurg tammylt liauyr. ta reiltys mee-arryl- dy henney. Adsyn hie dy chummal sy Bunnys ec jerrey yn nuyoo cheead jeig, ny lagh (twoaie as jiass) cur paart dy h-argid Ghermaan. chroo ad chengey daue hene va hEwnyn sy Phalasteen. hug ad er bun scoil- daue as eisht (foddee) tooilley argid. Shoh yn sordi dy vestey jeh Gerniaanish as Ewnish, lyn Ewnish da ny paitchyn oc hene. Veli aght dy yannoo eh - gobbraghey neese. cha va goll er screeu lesli Icttyiyn Ewnish. She jeeaghyn dy row Ewnish er-lheh ec gagh nee gobbraghey neose. Ewdish (Yiddish) v’ayn. hie er croo sy loshi- scoili - cha row ad shickyr mychione y fock- Brian Stovrell aght mysh 1200 AD. Haink y chengey shoh ley magh. ny'n aght-screeuee. Va gagh scoili dy ve feer niartal mastey ny hEwnyn. Sy croo focklyn noa jee hene. Cha jinnagh y A recently published book by Mttiris O vlein 1929 va Ewdish ec un villioon jeig dy sleih aeg fuirraghtyn gys va sheshaght oikoil Laoire about the revived of Hebrew contains hEwnyn feiy ny cruinney. Agh sy Phalasteen currit er bun. as haghyr red mirrilagh. Ghow important lessons for all the Celtic lan­ va Ewnish aavioghit roish y traa shen, ayns paitchyn as feallagh aegey toshiaght dy guages. particularly in its emphasis on the ny bleeantyn roish as lurg y chied chaggey loayrt yn Ewnish oc hene - chengey nagh need for bottom-up rather than top-down mooar. Cre'n aght haghyr shen? row' cho doiilee as yn chengey chiassicagh. developments paragraph are often in the form of a shift to another mode. This in itself is not uncommon in other traditions. In fact there is a known A Question of Style progression from one mode to another often found amongst singers. It occurs fairly fre­ quently in oral transmission from one singer Most people will recognize that music some extent it has. It is hound to be unlike to another. As a substantial number of tunes consists of rhythm, melody and harmonic any style which might have existed, for a in the collections are in either the ray mode structure. 1 would add a further element number of reasons. I would contend that the (Dorian) or lah mode (Aeolian), and it is into which I lind hard to name. Without it music vast bulk of tunes were taken down from these modes that tunes from another tradition can be played, but I would say that music singers and, largely speaking, the words often move: it is fair to assume that these two playing is incomplete. I suppose that emo­ went unrecorded. Even those words which modes were favoured by the Manks people. tion. feeling, heart, soul and satisfaction are were recorded will require more than just a It is comparatively difficult for musicians some of tiie elements I mean. passing knowledge of Manks. Great progress brought up without much contact with these Rhythm is easy enough to define. It is the has been made in choral treatment of such modes, readily to accept them. Also there are pulse or beat which enables a group of play­ songs, but in the session context they have some I'ree-reed instruments, button accor- ers to stick together, but it does not have to largely fallen into disuse, something which I dians. anglo concertina and mouth organ he inflexible and regular. Unthinking obedi­ regret. Thus it is that quite a large number of which present some difficulties. To put it ence to a rigid beat can lead to a sterile per­ tunes available to us should more properly he simply, the musician finds that the sucks and formance. Stretching some notes, decorating described as airs. blows are in some way reversed. For these others by means of ornamentation and short­ The nuiubei of specialized groups, usually reasons such tunes tend to be avoided by ening others can create a desirable tension or of younger musicians, mostly come together some, leading to another trimming down of impart fluidity. The lime signature is a sign­ for a specific purpose, for example, public the repertoire. post to interpretation, it is not a label. To performance, recording or representation at It should be clear then that the tunes determine whether a tune in 4/4 is a horn­ festivals. They settle on a repertoire of lively played today and the manner of playing them pipe. reel, march, or none of these depends tunes. This results in a skimming off from is unlikely to resemble either the range or on other features of the tune. We have the general corpus and sophisticated, rigid style of the past. Also some of the recently numerous tunes in 6/8. not all of them are arrangements. This is not necessarily right composed tunes are unlikely to represent the jigs, some of them are quick waltzes and for the session situation either. It is too musical tastes of past generations. The num­ playing them quicker still will not turn them exclusive. It also tends to produce accepted ber of people involved today is certainly into jigs. hut inflexible versions of those tunes. I can smaller than even the number of named con­ Melody also, as laid out on the stave, can think of several tunes which now have little tributors to the collections. As a proportion impose au unnecessary tyranny on the play­ frills of music permanently imbedded in of the present population they cannot com­ ers. Quite clearly it shows the basic form of them and endlessly reproduced. pare with those contributors in the popula­ the tune within which greater or lesser varia­ Another difficulty we have with the tunes, tion then. Without doubt today's musicians tion is to he expected. I am sure that exami­ as found in the collections, is that few of could present a broader picture of the music. nation of olhei forms of folk performance them resemble in form, those more common However, while it is dependent on the tastes, will show that improvisation is an accepted in other traditions. We have a number of jigs, ambitions and needs of a small number of part of the tradition. The extent to which it many of which are quite like slides. competent performers, it may be some time cun be practised will depend on the composi­ However, when it comes to reels, hornpipes, before the style and repertoire of today tion of the musical group's members and polkas, single jigs, slip jigs schottishes and expands to reflect better what may have heen how well they know their instruments. strathspeys, we have virtually none. So it is the music as it was in the past. However. I am not in favour of variations that attempts to classify particular tunes in Colin Jerry which are repeated on each performance, these categories are meaningless and unnec­ thus becoming fossilized. Each performance essarily dogmatic. It is possible to play cer­ should still be flexible enough to capture the tain tunes as if they were reels, hornpipes etc. M € C V A N N 1M mood of the moment. but because they don't have the structure of The harmonic structure of any tune cannot these forms, it is only rarely successful. C-SHIP^CS be determined empirically. However, the Finally to turn to what outside influences runs of notes in the melody provide powerful there might have been from other countries, clues. The way in which one chord leads to by far the greater number of tunes have come another can depend on a number of factors. from England and even those have often Loslest design, Musical taste, convention, fashion and tradi­ taken on a local flavour. It is surprising that two colours on grc\ tion can all play a part. If there is more than very lew have travelled from Ireland or one player providing the chordal structure, Scotland considering how much contact Limited edition there must be agreement. There has to be a there must have been in the past, especially £8.50 including p&p predictable pattern for melodic improvisa­ with the south and west of Ireland through tion to be possible. fishing! The few that have. I suspect, arrived Sizes M & L The above thoughts underlie my contribu­ fairly recently. One at least. The Song of the tion to attempts to popularize music from the Chanter', has even had a jig version (home collections of tunes found in the Isle of Matt made) lacked onto it after only having Cheques to: in the past. In the virtual absence of special­ entered the repertoire about 25 years ago. It Mark Kerrnode ist information on how they were performed is through these changes that I think it is pos­ when they were collected and the paucity of sible to detect a local musical dialect. For 22 Child Avenue, conclusive accounts of the music from an example, of the several versions we have of Onchon even earlier period, the emergence of a new 'Barbara Allen', none is exactly like the most style was desirable. I hoped that an appropri­ familiar one. Isle of Man ate contemporary style would emerge. To The differences mentioned in the above Resolutions adopted as follows: 1) This AGM calls for an enquiry into Ancient Site house prices in the Isle of Man to identify if there is. or has been profiteering by devel­ Gets New opers and marketing agencies which has acted to the detriment of the Manx people. 2) This AGM supports the calls by the gov­ Lease Of Life ernments of Ireland and Mann and also the Scottish National Party for the closure of all The purchase and restoration of the nuclear installations at Sell afield. ancient Rushen Abbey site on the Isle of The outgoing Chairman, Greg Joughin. Man is a credit to both the Isle of Man introduced reports from the Officers of the 3 1 This AGM echoes the concern of Celtic nationalists in Ireland at the award made government and the Manx Museum and organisation. Election of officials for the today (12:4:00) of the George Cross to Ihe National Trust. coining term was undertaken and an RUC. This police force has acquired a jus­ The Abbey site undoubtedly has a appraisal of Ihe financial position provided. tified reputation internationally, for the bru­ place as one of Ihe most significant sites The main issue discussed was the unfold­ tality it has exhibited towards the national­ of historical importance on the Island. It ing housing crisis on the Island and the very ist community in Ulster over the thirty years is also very likely the site at which the real difficulty being experienced by young of the troubles. I he award is unnecessarily Chronicles of the Kings of Mann and the people and families because of rising mon- provocative to that community and does Isles were produced. The Chronicle is a gage commitments and rental levels. The nothing to further the peace process in these document of crucial importance to our matter was the subject of a resolution Islands that all. including the Manx, are historical record and it detailed our histo­ (below), which called fora public enquiry. committed to. ry for the first time in a written form. Its retention by the British not only causes offence to campaigning pressure groups such as the Manx branch of the Celtic League, but also to senior figures in Police Reaction To Nationalist Warning Manx public life who have the authority to speak for the Manx nation as a whole. Ominous But Predictable The former President of Tynwald. Sir Manx Police have said that they will take situation, as there is no doubt that current Charles Kerruish. expressed his support prompt action against anyone who lakes problems are much greater than previously. for the Chronicles return to their rightful direct action as a result of Manx govern­ The police reaction was ominous, but home. The question must now be posed, ment policies, which are currently stimulat­ predictable. On the previous two occasions when will the Manx government take ing the worst housing and accommodation when this problem arose the police were forceful action to secure their return? crisis that the isle ol Man has ever laced. able to apprehend only a few suspects and It is past time for government action! The Isle of Man currently enjoys innocent people were targeted. It seems that unprecedented prosperity stimulated by its if these latest predictions do prove correct offshore tax haven status. People are pour­ then Mec Vannin’s comment that the ing into the Island both to work in the lucra­ authorities should not shoot the messenger The (English) Monks of the north of tive finance industry and also the service will be ignored. England must have been extremely prolific. sector associated with it. For some years now the Celtic League has However, while fatcats line their pockets been campaigning for the return to the Manx and housing speculation is rife, Manx peo­ people of the Chronicles of the Kings of ple suffer Nationalists have long been crit­ Mann and the Isles. Presently they are ics of this economic policy claiming that it ‘Welsh’ Gospels and housed in the British Library. Written in the would ultimately create the problems which thirteenth century we advanced a fairly ordinary Manx people currently face. ‘Manx’ Chronicles - sound case that they were ‘pinched' by the House prices are well beyond the reach «if English about five hundred years ago. In an the average working couple and private sec­ Made in England? uncanny echo of the Lichfield - Welsh con­ tor rents are being hiked to capitalise on the troversy apparently this was not so. The busy situation. There was an element of déjà vu in the monks of Furness Abbey (this lime) look The issue dominated the AGM of the news report about the alleged theft of a time off to compile a detailed and specific Nationalist Party (Mec Vannin) and con­ IO(X)-year-old biblical manuscripts from the Chronicle of the Norse Kings of Mann (the cerns were articulated at the meeting that Welsh people. Isle of Man) and the Isles. Meanwhile, on the the situation could lead to a return to the The eighth-century St. Teilo Gospels are other side of Northern England their col­ violence that bedevilled the Island in the said to have been stolen from Uandeilo leagues at Lindisfame were adding those 1970s and 1980s. On both previous occa­ Favvr in west Wales about 1000 years ago. Welsh notations lo the St. Teilo Gospels. sions there was a systematic campaign of They are currently housed in Lichfield On the other hand, perhaps Lichfield and daubing of roads and several properties Cathedral. Staffordshire. Written in Latin, the British Library have both had their heads were attacked and burned. and according to Lichfield Cathedral, com­ together on this one. as their alibis for pos­ However, during both emergency situa­ piled by a monk at Lindisfame in the North­ sessing other people’s property have an tions Mec Vannin stuck rigidly to a policy, east of England, the manuscript has suspi­ uncanny similarity. which promoted constitutional politics and cious notations scribbled in its margins There is a serious point to all this. As the solutions and forswore the road of direct which are most definitely Welsh, possibly people of the United Kingdom develop new action. some of the earliest examples of the written structures, via equality and devolution, this If anything the concerns articulated language. In the circumstances the question of stolen artefacts is an issue that recently by the newly elected Party Lindisfame connection is extremely conve­ must be tackled. Chairman, Mark Kermode. downplayed the nient. although apparently not verifiable. .1 11 Moffat t The Day Britain Died Celtica by Andrew Marr, published by Profile, 2000, paperback pp 251 Muioc’h kalz eget mil bloaz price £7.99

Moito máis que mil anos As a Scot Andrew Marr is secure in bis national identity but as a professional gant/ de journalist who works in England he hopes to see the old constitutional order Claudio Rodriguez Fer change because the current British Embannadur divyezhek * Edición bilingüe arrangements have died with the arrival Mouladurioù H or Yezh • ISBN 2-86863-119-3. 105 paj./pcix of Scots. Welsh and Northern Irish devo­ Priz/Prezo : 60 Lur/Francos lution. He also looks at the many New Britons Raklavar gant * Prólogo de among the ethnic minorities who have Maria Lopo greater hopes of a multi-cultural society Lakaet e brezhoneg gant • Traducción ó breton de when they don't have to embrace in par­ Herve ar Bihan, Alan Botrel, Gwendal Dette:. & Maria Lopo ticular Englishness. He has had the bene­ fit of linking the publication to a TV three Bezañs ar geltiegezh el lennegezh galisi- un fecundo tema da literatura galega ata os part series. However Marr's attempt to at a sav d'an XlXvet kantved abaoe mare nosos días. address a new constitution is to rescue oberenn Eduardo Pondal. pa voe adkrouet Na obra de Claudio Rodríguez Fer, naci­ England from that nation’s failure to face gant ¡storouriezh ha lennegezh ar mare, da do en Lugo (Galicia) o ano 1956. que é up to its own nationality in the new world heul ar Romantelezh ha dre youl em/.ifor- conocido como un poeta erótico e libertario, order. c’liafl. gwengel andonioii keliiek ar bobl a presencia celta non é só unha cuestión When Marr probes Lhe new' confidence c’halisiat. Diwar neuze e teuv ar geltiegezh temática -evidentemente abordada co dis- of Scots and Welsh people he hopes this da vezan, gant an deur ledan ovil ar bed tanciamento previsible dun autor da fin do can be replicated in England. He also keliiek hag e erzerc’hadoü er sevenadur gal- milenio : trátase lantén dun ha certa sensibil- argues for the abolition of the House of ¡siai, un dodenn sirujus e lennegezh Galisia idade e dunha concepción vital. Lords, its replacement as the House of hetek an deiz a hiziv Para a súa traducción en lingua bretona, o Britain and the House of Commons to En oberenn Claudio Rodríguez Fer. ganel autor decidiu componer unha antoloxía da become the English parliament, that most e Lugo {Galisia) e 1956. anavezet evel ur súa obra, realizando unha lectura transver­ non-English observers have always barzh erolek ha rezidkar, ned eo kei bezañs sal da mesina. na procura dunha com­ thought it was. ar geltiegezh ur gudcnn dodetmel hepken - ponente celta que se revelou constante ao Marr crucially investigates the place of pledet ganti ez-anat gant an hed a c'heller longo de lodo o seu poceso de escritura. a European Union on the end of the old diawelout a-berzh un aozer eus diwezh ar Dentro dos paises que integran o consun­ Britain. He is pro-European and believes mil ved : keal /i> eus ur santidigezh hag eus to do mundo celta, foi Bretaña quen dende that a regionally empowered Britain will ur meizadur bevret. seinpre centralizou o interese e a presencia lit into an evolving new European order. Evit an droidigezh e brezhoneg en deus do celtismo na cultura galega. Por exemplo. VIair sees the referendum on the Euro as divizet an aozer kinnig un dibab eus e 0 poema intitulado “Balada dos amantes a defining moment for the old Britain. oberenn, dre ober un treuzlenn anezhi, o nómades" está directamente inspirado dun Whenever the Blairites face the issue we klask ai parzh keltiek enni. hemañ o vezañ canto del tíarzhaz Breizh que achega ao lec­ may see southeast England far out of step arstalek ez-anat a-hed e argerzh skrivañ. tor galego aos motivos e lugares propios á with the rest. He believes that Britain is E-touez an holl vroioit a zoer bed keliiek realidade dunha cultura bretonante ben well placed to benefit from globalisation ez eo Breizli he devez kreizennet atav deur coñecida do autor. and a new Europe but that is based on the ha bezañs ar geltiegezh er sevenadur galisi- Mouladurioü Mor Yezh. Tereza Desbordes. relatively unregulated speculators in the at. Da skouer. ar varzhoneg anvet "Balada 1 Plasenn Charles Pcguy. BZH 29260 City of London. Perhaps the Celts would dos amantes nómades" ("Gwerz ar ser- LESNEVEN have a different view of a more environ­ c'heged kantreer") awenel war-eeun gant ur (via Bro-C’hall/Francia) mentally and humane world order as the e'han eus ar Barzhaz Breizh a lak ai lenncr- E-Bosl: priority. lon e'halisiat nesoc'h da sturdresoíi lia da José CALVETE Andrew' Marr is a good analyst of lec’hioít dibar gwerc’helczh ur sevenadur (tenues eus raklavar al levr gant Maria Lapa) today's big issues. His unashamed feder­ brezhonek anavezet-mat gant an aozer. alist agenda is problematic but at least he A presencia do Celtismo na literatura Summary has no time for the "don't do it. you never galega data do século XIX dende o tempo The above article is o bilingual book review know where it will end" conservatism. da obra de Eduardo Pondal. cando no ronsel in Breton and Galician about a poetry All in all it is a useful addition to the lit do Romanticismo, e por áfan difereneial- hook. The author of this anthology is a erature charting the rebirth of the Celtic ista, a historiografía e a literatura do século modern Galician poet deeply in spired by nations as catalyst and effective action to XIX recrearon o mito das orixes célticas do Celticism and Brittany that is why his shake off the protagonists of no change in pobo galego. A partir de en ton. o interese anthology has been translated into Breton lhe dead centre. xeneralizado polo mundo celta e polas súas anil published in a bilingual edition in R.G. trazas na cultura galaica farán do celtismo Brittany. The Need For A United Political Cars from Cymru F rontIn Brittany to have ‘C’ A new system of vehicle registration With the rise of regionalism and national­ The existing nationalist and regional numbers to be introduced in Britain in a ism in western Europe in the past quarter political parties of Brittany arc: the UDB or year or so will be make a small contribu­ century it has become increasingly clear Democratic Breton Union. At present it tion to the strengthening of Wales's iden­ that not only central and eastern Europe are supports autonomy within a federalist tity. The first character of the new num­ in the process of radical political and struc­ France but many members are openly pro bers will be the first letter of the “region" tural changes, but the three dinosaur states independence, it is probably the best organ­ in which the vehicle was registered e.g. of western Europe the United Kingdom. ised Breton party but its political alliance 'L' for London, 'E' for Essex. The whole France and Spain - will be forced to con­ with the French socialist part is increasing­ of Wales is to he represented by ‘C' for cede more and more autonomy and ulti­ ly being questioned. Cymru, and so, if this plan goes ahead, in mately probably independence to their The P.O.B.L. or Ihe Party for the a few years having a car with the regis­ indigenous minorities. That is, to the Organisation of a Free Brittany. Although tration number starting with ‘C will be a Basques, the Catalans, the Galicians, the this party lias been criticised for not being mark of being from Wales. Bretons, the Corsicans, the Scots, the more clear on social policy it is clear about The present system has a geographical Welsh, the Manx, the Cornish and possibly it's main platform - independence and get­ element e.g. the letters -CC’ and ’JC’ for others. Artificial multinational states such ting France out of Brittany once and for all. Gwynedd, ’EJ' for Ceredigion, but there as Spain. France. Canada and the United The A.D.S.A.V. is an offshoot of the has not been any distinction for Wales Kingdom are simply not viable in the long P.O.B.L., which also supports indepen­ before now. run. For this very reason the Soviet Union. dence. but through physical force if neces­ Scotland is to be similarly distin­ Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia all col­ sary. guished, but the letter for Alba unfortu­ lapsed in the end. To think that a contrap­ Fran kiz Breizh is a breakaway from the nately is to be 'S', not ‘A' which goes to tion such as the United Kingdom is an UDB. which rejects continued union with ‘Anglia’. And worse, numbers from exception to this rule is sheer self-delusion. France let alone continued alliance with Kernow will start with 'W ', along with Anyone who doubts the rising strength of French political parties. the adjoining part of England, for ‘West regional nationalism in western Europe Emgann, which means "fight”, also Country’. (The second digit, a number should reflect on the fact that both the supports independence from France and is representing a subdivision of die primary Basque Autonomous Government and the prepared to use radical measures towards region, will allow Cornish numbers to be Catalan Autonomous Government are con­ this end. distinctive.) trolled by pro-independence nationalists. While Breton parties rarely receive more Also the new Welsh and Scottish than 4% or 5% of the vote in national Governments which look office were forced (French) elections it would be a mistake to to admit Plaid Cymru (2691 of the vote) interpret this as the maximum potential sup­ and the SNP (30% of the vote) respectively port Breton nationalists could ever muster Cornish Minority into the two coalition governments formed, (in municipal elections for example Breton because in both cases pro-unionist Labour parties usually perform much better) and quite simply did not have enough seals to Exclusion Mean Spirited might be more accurately seen as resigna­ run the government. In ihe North of Ireland The Celtic League lias protested to the tion by the Breton electorate to the fact that 45% of the voters are now regularly easting Council of Europe Directorate of Human no strong or united Breton nationalist party (heir votes for nationalist parties which Rights Minorities Unit about the continu­ has yet emerged and that henee their votes want to break the link with England and this ing denial by the United Kingdom gov­ ernment of minority status to the Cornish figure is rising every year due to the would be wasted on Breton parties. people. The League has wholeheartedly increase in the nationalist population. With the rapidly changing political situa­ tion in the Celtic world and the probable endorsed the Cornish National Minority Whatever the future holds for the North - it Report (published in Nov. 1999). which doesn't involve London. In addition other breakup of the United Kingdom not to men­ tion change in Europe at large it is clear that advances a strong argument against the regional parties such as the Galician nation­ UK stance. as many as a quarter to a third of Bretons alists (who secured 12% of the vote in their At its AGM in Dublin in 1998 the first election) have come from nowhere and may now support independence. The situa­ League adopted a resolution calling on are getting results. Mee Vannin the nation­ tion is quite fluid and it is clear that the vic­ the United Kingdom government “to alist party on the Isle of Man and Mebyon tories of Welsh and Scottish nationalists in ensure that Cornwall along with the other Kernow the nationalist party of Cornwall particular have strengthened nationalist sen­ Celtic Nations (was) included and cov­ although not as dramatically successful as timent among the Breton people. With the ered by the provisions of the nationalists in Wales or Scotland have emergence of independent Scottish. Welsh, Convention". When this status was denied the objective was restated at tlie strengthened both their numbers and their Catalan and Basque states becoming more 1999 meeting held at Liskeard in organisational base. and more likely with each passing year arid with the resurgence of nationalist sentiment Cornwall. In order to further the growing nationalist The Blair government, despite its peri­ aspirations of tlie Breton people it is becom­ in Brittany itself the time may have come odic pious statements about social inclu­ ing increasingly clear that a more united for Bretons to realise that they cannot afford sion. is adopting a particularly mean-spir­ political front is needed. Breton nationalists the luxury of five different and fragmented ited position towards the aspirations of of today should give serious thought to political parties any longer. To continue in the Cornish minority. The League have negotiations leading to the formation of this vein could lead to throwing away the called on the Council of Europe ONE nationalist Breton party which can best opportunity that Bretons have had in Minorities Unit to recognise that some work for the independence of Brittany, five centuries for recovering their national States will use the present structure of the something which more and more Bretons freedom and independence. Framework Convention to dodge its intent. support. Stefan Merlot Philippe Le Solliec (1950-2000): After Britain - new Labour and the return of Scotland Breton Patriot and Pan Celt by Tom Nairn, published by Granta Books, 2000, hardback pp319, An Appreciation by Peter Berresford Ellis price £15.99 Tom Nairn's series of essays predicted Philippe Le Solliec has died in Reunion, When he was faced with being called up the Break Lip of Britain in the 1970s. His ihe French possession in the Indian Ocean. to do his military service, he refused to do latest book has produced the sharpest dis­ He joined the Celtic League in the mid so. He was given the alternative of two section yet of New Labour's rhetoric of 1960s and was active in both the League years' civil service and being, by then, a change and modernity. Naim sees Blair and the Breton Movement. qualified teacher, he agreed to do his ser­ as the last leader of an old slate that now His family were Breton-speukers from vice as a teacher. He had to go where the cannot resist change, and will not survive close by Lorient. Born on August 22. 1950. French State decided to sent him. He was him. He has written a must read, mordantly he was educated in Paris, was a graduate of sent to the southern Sudan ostensibly to funny and brilliant survey of Blair's the Sorbonne and became a teacher of liter­ teach French to the nomadic peoples there! ature. He was a Huent Breton speaker and apparent project to preserve the essentials Back in France, the centralised education of the Old state, complete with a barely his English was almost without accent. system made an error. No young teacher Philippe was one of the 1960s generation reformed house of lords, a half-hearted was allowed to teach in their home area. of radical young Bretons, a committed Freedom of Information Act. an undemo­ Bretons were not usually allowed to teach in republican and socialist, who refused the cratic voting system and no written con­ Brittany until they had obtained senior grad­ French labelling of everything Breton as stitution. ings. Vet Philippe, to Ills amazement, found being right-wing and Fascist. He was He contrasts the inevitability in politi­ involved with Sav Breizhr Organe du himself teaching in a school near Lorient. cians' minds about the 1707 Treaty of Combat Breton for which he wrote and He immediately threw himself back into Union. Today the removal of the shame translated news from the other Celtic coun­ political and cultural activities. He was able of the unwanted union was removed by tries. to buy a small place at Plouay. tile strong support given the two ques­ tions in the Devolution Referendum of The Front for the Liberation of Brittany, Two years later the 'mistake' was discov­ September 1997. Naim is clear that the a left-wing republican movement, had start­ ered and Philippe was told that he was being big majority in favour was not tied to the ed military action in the early 1960s. sent to Reunion in the Indian Ocean, a limited powers finally devolved. Philippe was part of the Comité National de French possession since the 17th Century. His chapters on Not Hating the English la Bretagne (CBL) founded in late 1967. Philippe told me that at least he was able to and on the Unmaking of Scotland delve whose secretary-general was Yann Goulet. engage in another anti French colonial into the need to build a new democracy However. Philippe and other young radicals movement there. Reunion is actually that unpicks many of the bad old authori­ advocated the launch of an open FLB deemed as part of metropolitan France, an tarian habits of Scottish institutions that (known to historians now as FLB2). which overseas department sending members to have evolved within the Union frame­ would dare the French stale to act against it. the National Assembly in Paris several work. This book is a must for those who The publie face of the FLB was launched thousand miles away! wish to understand how Britain is chang­ with great publicity at a meeting of 3.000 Philippe married a local Creole girl. ing under the feet of the politicians. people in Paris in November 1969. It was Sadly, the marriage did not work and he was R.G. openly supported by many Breton national­ left with the custody of his young daughter, ist groups, even the conservative MOB, the whom he raised single handed. He contin­ Breton branches of the Communist Party. ued to keep his property near Lorient and it United Socialists. Breton Students was his intention to return there once his GlyncNVr Letter Movement, and trade union organisations daughter had finished her education. He had such as the Syndicat Paysans. CFDT. CGT taken her to Brittany on vacations and she Comes Home and UNEF. had become enamoured of his father's The Celtic League has welcomed the When FLB2 disintegrated in the 1970s. country. Philippe was excited at the return by French Cultural Authorities of Philippe moved his support to the UDB. prospect of returning and becoming rein- an important exchange of correspondence I first met Philippe at a Celtic League volved as an activist rather than merely between Owain GlyndCvr and the French meeting in 1968. His enthusiasm was infec­ reading and writing about Celtic affairs Monarchy in the fifteenth century. tious; a youthful intellectual as well as an The Pennal letter and Seal of Owain activist. Philippe was one of the Breton from Reunion. He was planning his return for his fiftieth birthday, later this year. will he returned for an exhibition to be Branch delegates to the 1969 Dublin Celtic staged at the National Library of Wales. He died in Reunion on January 15. 2000. League ACM This was when the League Aberystwyth, between April and Philippe remained committed to pan attracted a thousand people to its closing September. Celticism and Breton independence and public session. The artefact is to be returned on loan at I still have the cutting of the Irish even from his exile on the small island in this stage. However, in correspondence to Independent, September 18. 1969. which the Indian Ocean he continued to write and Ihe French Ambassador to London, the carried a report of that meeting with a three- preach the word whenever he could. His is Celtic League, say that, whilst not wish­ column photograph of Philippe Le Solliec. a sad loss, both a loss to the Breton and ing to detract from the generosity of the Yann Fouéré and myself engaged in ani­ Celtic movements and a loss to all of us gesture, they hope that in the fullness of mated discussion. who shared his friendship. His last scrawled time the Eranch Ministry of Culture I remained a close friend of Philippe words to me were: Bcvet an disparh! might see ilia value anil significance in thereafter and he constantly kept me Breiz.it! 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• SNP, Salmond steps down ® TV Breizh! • DNA, the Celts and the League • Census 2001, the right to be Welsh • Dazont Ekonomikel Keltia

Mannin • Cornish News e Is Mann heading for Blacklist? • AGM 2000 • Celtic Calendar 20th Edition

ALBA: COMANN CEILTEACH • BREIZH: KEVRE KELTIEK • CYMRU: UNDEB CELTAIDD • EIRE: CONRADH CEILTEACH • KERNOW: KESUNYANS KELTEK • MANNIN: COMMEEYS CELTIAGH Cha d'lhainig na nilhean sin ach le spaim ro mhor agus cha bhi e furasda. Ach ma bhios aisling agaibh nur ceann chan eil ach stri gus am bi sibh buadhmhor! Alba Gilleasbuig MacMhuirich (Gilleasbuig Lachlainr Tlleasbuig) Summary This is merely a statement of the logical aim o f the present Gaidhlig renaissance that would be regarded as its normalisa­ tion in mainland Europe. Guth an li a ghlaodbas anns an fhàsach Three aids to the would-be learner o f our language that could help in appreciat­ Chaochail alhair an sgrìobhadair nuair a Seo agaibh “aisling” a thu a nisei na ing the thrust of this story. These are. bha e ach dusan bliadhna a dh'aois agus firinn agus seo agaibh "aisling" eile. Fad namely, the two paperbac k dictionaries abair gun robh na deòirean a' sileadh air iomadh bliadhna an llieadhain air lorg published by Gairm. Waterloo Street. nan gruaidhean aige nuair a bha e a’ Parlamaid Albannach agus bha moran eile Glasgow... Thomson’s "English to leughadh narri paipearan aig ‘athair nach ag ratlh nach robh sin coniasach ri fhaigh- Gaidhlig and Owen's “Gaidhlig ro maireann, agus iadsan a chur an ordugh. inn. English" and the Hodder & Stoughton Agus dé thachair air nani measg ach Chan eil ann ach nine ghoirid bhon a bha introduction from that respected series in draft na litreach a chuir ‘athair gii paipear lain Major a' diultadh Parlamaid language learning... "Teach yourself naidheachd laitheal roimhe ari dama Albannach sam bith. Ged nach eil ar Scottish Gaelic- Gaidhlig. A cassette to go cogaidh, nuair a bha e a‘ sireadh stéid- Parlamaid neo-eisimileach fhathast ach with this book is also available to aid p ro­ heachadh Colaisde Ghàidhlig. Arsaesan sa thig sin gun teagamh sam bith ma bhios nunciation. litir aige gun robh Colaiste feumail air son pobail na h-Alba ga sireadh gu ditrachdach. Gàidhlig agus far an robh iad a bhiodh a’ Dh'aontaich Petitions Committee na teagasg tre na canain again. Cha robh Parlamaid again gun robh iarrtas a rinn Colaiste mar sin ach ann an Ichaluimcille meur Alba den Chomunn Ceilteach a dhol Gaidhlig Private roinrh teachd nan Lochlannaich san mu choinneamh Parlamaid na h-Alba. air Members Bill Proposed naomhaibh linn AD. son Gaidhlig a bhi co-ionnan ris an “Mata.” smuainich an sgrìobhadair an Fhraingis sna árd sgoiltean feadh Alba uile Due to the Scottish Executive’s failure to sin, “seo agaibh ‘Guth an ti a ghlaodhas ge leir. support a right to Giidhl ig medium edu­ anns an fhàsach’.. . gun móran feuni... cha Tha fios again gum bheil na croileagan cation. a Giidhlig Act or to a Gaidhlig robh ann ach aisling!" air son an fheadhna eadar da is coig bli­ policy for the National Parks. Michael Morati bhliadhnachan an deidh sin. fada adhna a dh'aois a' cluich sa Gaidhlig roimh Russell. MSP. SNP Gaidhlig spokesman an deidh an dama cogaidh. bha an sgrìob­ dol don bhunsgoil agus teagasg nan cuspair lodged a proposal for a Gaidhlig Bill with hadair san Fhraing air na laithean-saora tre na Gaidhlig, fada fada ñas fheárr. the Scottish Parliament on 6/7/00. This aige agus dh’innis e do charaid ionadail mu Ach, an drasda tha uallach air paraman proposal, given below in Giiidhlig. which dheighinn an aisling seo a bha aig ‘athair. coileagan a stéidheachadh agus chan eil is also supported by John Farquhar Munro, Gaidhlig speaking Liberal De thuirt am Frangach ris an robh e gach ughdarras ionadail deónach teagasg Democrat. MSP. will fomi a basis for dis­ bruidhinn, “Sgrìobh don UNESCO agus tre na Gaidhlig a thoirt. cussion as to the content of the Bill. iarr orra an litir agad a chuir gu daoine Cha bhi ceartas ann gus am hi an riaghal- mòra a bhiodh comasach Colaiste tas a’ stéidheachadh croileagan anns gach Ghàidhlig a stéidheachadh. Mata, rum e a iiite far a bheil leanaban eadar 2 agus 5 bli­ Micheál Ruiseil: reira' chonihairle seo agus chur e an litir sa adhna a dh'aois. An deidh sin. deanamaid phuist. Ach cha robh fhios aige gun robh stri air son teagasg tre na Gaidhlig a-mhain Tairgse airson an aon aisling aig lain Nobail coir agus gun anns gach bunsgoil is gach iird sgoil ead- Bile na Canain Gaidhlig robh an Nobai leach air lorg fhaighinn aig hon teagasg Beurla. A bharrachd air sin an aon ani air taic fhaighinn air son feumaidh gach eolaiste is oilthigh feadh Tairgse airson Bile a steidhieheadh am Colaiste Ghàidhlig! Ioghnadh ri ràdh! Alba a bhith teagasg tre na Gaidhlig. prionnsabal gu bheil a’ Ghaidhlig agus a’ An dé fhéin. bha sinn ann an Sleibhte Na h-abair facail gum bheil sin na ais­ Bheurla co-ionann ann an eifeachd an san Eilcaii Sgitheanach agus chunnaic situi ling no na bruadair. De mu Sabhal Mór Albainn. a chruthaicheadh cdirichean agus dleasnasan sdnraichte ann an lagh a Arainn Chaluim Chille far a bheil a mhór Ostaig agus Parlamaid na h-Alba (ged nach thaobh eleachdadli na GSidhlig. ’nam cimici de na h-oileanaich a' fuireach a nisd; eil i neo-eiseamlach fhathast) no eadhon measg coir do dh'fhoghlam troimh dà thogalach mòra eirreachdail agus tur Radio nan Gaiclheal (ged nach eil e ri mhcadhan na Gaidhlig, dleasnas air àrd. An deidh sin chaidh sinn don t-Sabhail chluinlinn feadh Alba uile ge leir fhathast)! buidhnean poblach comharraichte pola- MórOstaig... a' Cholaiste Ghàidhlig. Ach bithidh sinn buadhmhor agus saidhean Giudhlig ullachadh agus thoirt Chunnaic situi a’ Cholaiste, bli- bithidh ach ar canain an aon canain a bhios gu buil. coir Gaidhlig a chleachdadh ann adhnachan air ais. nuair nach robh ann ach sinn a' teagasg feadh gaeli sgoil. colaiste is an cuirtean-lagha agus mbdan-eeartais seann togalach square a bha aig seann oilthigh ann an Alba. Ach tha e nadarra agus air beulaibh bhuidhnean eile aig a tuathanas a bha aig na Domhnallaich. Ach teagasg feadh gach sgoil, colaiste is oilth­ bheil cumhachdan breithneachaidh agus an diugh chi gach duine guni bheil igh ann an Alba. Ach tha e nadarra teagasg c6ir ainmean agus tuairisgeulan Ghidhlig togalachain itra unti a (ha dìreach elio math ire’n chanain dualach. Chi sinn feadh a chleachdadh, agus a dheanadh cin- a tha ri fhaicinn ann an oilthigh sani bith. A Roinn Eorpa far a bheil duthchanan gu nteach gum hidh an coirchean agus na nisd ‘s urrainn a’ Cholaiste tairgsinn cur- leoir a" teagasg tre’n chanain dualach aca dleasnasan seo air an sgrudadh agus arir sachan gu leir tre na Gàidhlig agus dà fhin agus chan eil duthach ann far a bheil an toirt gu buil. degree aig inbhe oilthigh. iad a' teagasg tre Beurla. g cii zzteLig o e t j o e Language Planning Criticism Comhairle nan Eilean Siar No Plans for Gaidhlig Bill The Scottish Executive hus been criticised by Comhairle nan Eilean Siar. the local authori­ In response to a parliamentary question from the SNP for its failure to recognise the ty serving the Western Isles have announced the SNP Gaidhlig spokesman Michael importance of language planning and acade­ Russell, MSP (29/6/00). Alasdair Morrison. that they are to draw up a new Gaidhlig pol­ mic research for (lie future of Gaidhlig. In MSP. Minister for Gaidhlig has said that the response to a series of written parliamentary icy. Despite having a percentage of Gaidhlig Scottish Executive has no plans to introduce questions enquiring about government pro- speakers similar to that of Gwynedd in a Gaidhlig Bill within the next twelve jections/targets for future numbers of Wales. Comhairle nan Eilean Siar's language months. So far he has refused to he drawn as Gaidhlig speakers, the Minister for Gaidhlig policy is far weaker than that of even the to whether the Executive ever intends to revealed that the Scottish Executive not only least strongly Welsh speaking local authori­ introduce a Gaidhlig Bill. Ominously, how­ has no such projections or targets but that it ever. a Labour Party spokesman has told the ties in Wales such as Monmouthshire and has not consulted any language planners or Press and Journal newspaper that, contrary to other linguistic authorities on this matter. He Newport. It is to be hoped that this opportu­ a popular opinion, the party has never made also admitted that the Scottish Executive nity will be taken to greatly strengthen the any commitment to introduce a Gaidhlig Act does not have any figures for how many Council’s language policy. (1/7/00). parental requests for Gaidhlig-medium edu­ cation have been received by local authori­ ties in Scotland in the last five years. The Scottish Branch of the League Gaidhlig Cross Party Group A cross-party Gaidhlig group has been estab­ Petitions The Scottish Parliament lished for the Scottish Parliament with mem­ bers from atl main political parties. The first There is a prescribed form that a Petition Gaidhlig. they actively stifle it by postpon­ public meeting is planned for September. has to lake. Then it goes before the ing any expansion: they say for two years, Petitions Committee and if accepted will but perhaps as some believe til! latha luain go to the Scottish Parliament. If it goes or nevermas. through, it becomes law. Unless, of course, The plight of the two Magee brothers it needs a power reserved by the show the city's less than enthusiastic atti­ Westminster Parliament. tude. The older brother at an Edinburgh An Comunn The Scottish Branch of the League, monolingual primary school was excluded knowing that our Parliament has compe­ from being taught along with his brother tence over language and education has peti­ through Gaidhlig. The excuse was that he Criticised tioned to have Gaidhlig accorded a status was too old to join such a course. When he equal to that of French in secondary did emerge from the English-only primary The Gaidhlig cultural association An schools. school he expected to go to James Why so? We know the best way of Comunn Gaidhealach has bewildered Gillespie’s School as the only school under reviving Gaidhlig is to start off with Gaidhlig activists by the stance which it the city to teach the language. Again, he croileagan. that is, playgroups through was excluded, the excuse this time was that has recently taken towards the status of Gaidhlig for 2 to 5 year olds and then he was out of the school’s catchment area! the language. Unlike other Gaidhlig teaching through the language... No such barriers are put to learning French. groups. An Comunn did not support the Gaidhlig... for those over fi ve years of age. However, the hope that Gaidhlig might creation of a right to Gaidhlig medium But, too often, every obstacle is set up to be pul on an equal footing with-French in education subject to reasonable demand make sure that this best system of croilea­ the secondary school is worth backing in in the recent debate surrounding Gaidhlig gan and teaching through Gaidhlig is addition to croileagan and teaching through thwarted. Where this occurs one could look in the Education Bill. Equally bewildering- GHidhlig. ly. An Comunn Gaidhealach sided with the on it as a form of persecution of the lan­ guage. It would mean that where pupils were Scottish Executive when it was Firstly, it is the only school language denied being taught through Gaidhlig they announced that the Executive had no which parents must organise, yet they need would not be prevented from learning even plans to introduce a bill to give official sta­ not get together to organise the teaching of if as a foreign language through English tus to the language within the next twelve arithmetic, physical education, reading, from the age of twelve. Yet equality with months. An Comunn Gaidhealach as a writing and spelling F.nglish etc. The sub­ French would mean that Gilidhlig would be predominantly cultural group has been jects are all laid on. on offer in every secondary school in long seen by many as old-fashioned and Even if parents do manage to found a Scotland as by right. We know' that croilea­ irrelevant to the future of Gaidhlig and croileagan. a hostile or indifferent local gan and being taught through Gaidhlig is thus have few members amongst either authority can refuse to provide teaching by far the best way; but the powers-that-be have restricted it to the initiative of parents youth or Gaidhlig activists. Their recent through Gaidhlig. Even if a croileagan and and put it at the mercy of hostile or indif­ stance on the language, however, has led teaching through the language is available, the local authority can refuse to expand ferent local authorities. many to conclude that the group are a these facilities and keep them in a backwa­ The Petitions Committee has accepted positive hinderance to the promotion of ter isolated in the one primary school. For the petition which will now go on to the G£idhlig. instance in Tollcross. Edinburgh, far from Scottish Parliament. Uilleam MacCaluim encouraging other pupils throughout the Gilleasbuig MacMhuiriach city to enter teaching facilities through (Gilleasbuig Lachlainn ‘Tlleasbuig) Alex Salmond MSP MP retires as SNP National Convener On 17th July this year Alex Salmond His early promise in identifying the key announced he would not seek re-election as issues t Init would transform the battered National Convener after a term of ten years. party in the depth of the Thatcherite winter of He staled that. “The SNP are now at our the mid- 80s saw his election as MP for strongest position ever. We are the Official Banff and Buchan as one of three SNP MPs Opposition in the Scottish Parliament, we in 1987. His unprecedented intervention and lead the Scottish opinion polls and we are subsequent expulsion from the House of over 30 percent in the polls for Westminster. Commons for daring to interrupt Chancellor I am absolutely convinced that the parly will of the Exchequer Lawson in his budget win the next Scottish elections and take speech showed Scotland how to stand up to Scotland forward to Independence.” its oppressors. There after he led from the He explained in addition that a further front and was elected National Convener in Alex Salmond decade could lie his hand, so at a personal 1990. level it was time to pass on the torch to one The Salmond decade has navigated the party with support, councillors and parlia­ of a number of colleagues who are well able vagaries of the UK electoral system and mentarians in every part of the country. His to lead the SNP. He thanked the party mem­ strengthened the party immeasurably. With belief that a strong team is now available is bers for the rare privilege as leader for ten the advent of New Labour he helped deliver, based on the sharp learning curve of the thir­ years, which he had enjoyed enormously. He as part of a cross party campaign, the thump­ ty-five SNP MSPs who have for the past year has no intention of giving up politics and ing endorsement by the Scottish people for a learned some legislative craft in the hothouse hopes to continue as MSP for Banff and Scottish Parliament in the devolution refer­ of the new Parliament. Buchan as long as people so wish. endum in September 1997, The 2/3 majority It remains to be seen if the promised cam­ Alex Salmond is in his early forties, he has put paid to nearly three hundred years of total paigns to achieve national independence worked night and day for ten years. It is a submersion in the UK state. before the 300th anniversary of the Union of measure of such a capable and mature politi­ During the past decade the SNP has cian to know that the party is far more than a emerged as a left of centre party in the main­ the Scottish and English Parliament arrives one-man band and that he has every intention stream of Scottish opinion seeking in 2007. To be so far along the way is due to of remaining on (he National Executive Independence within Europe. Much of the many believers and hard workers. The Committee if so elected at Annual credit for this successful positioning goes to Salmond leadership has made the final step Conference in September. Salmond who has made it a truly national eminently possible.

Bilingual Memorial to Seumas Mac a’ FOUND Ghobhainn Unveiled in Glasgow A bilingual memorial to Seumas Mac a' Scotland Not Only Free But Gaelic contains Ghobhainn (1930-1987). founder member of a Forward by Professor Kenneth MacKinnon the London Branch of the Celtic League, was (author of The Lion's Tongue & etc.), four unveiled in Sighthil! Cemetery. Glasgow, on essays by Seumas reprinted from the 1970s. September 10. still as relevant today as they were then, and a This was the spot where his ashes, by his last biographical study on Seumas" life and work request, were scattered at the 1820 Monument, by Peter Berresford Ellis. the memorial to those executed and transported After the unveiling of the memorial to An at the end of Scotland's last major uprising ELEGY Seumas, Peter Berresford Ellis. Hon. President for the crew o f the against England. of the 1820 Society, delivered the 1820 SOLWAY HARVESTER Seumas was co-author with Peter Berresford Memorial Address commemorating the I80lh Ellis ol' the only full-length book on the rising anniversary of the insurrection, which was Drowned at Sea off the Isle of Man The Scottish Insurrection of ¡820 (Gollancz, ruthlessly suppressed. Prior to the 1970 book, 1970). A third new edition is due to be pub­ the rising had been almost obliterated from 11 January 2000 lished by John Donald of Edinburgh next year. Scottish history . Seumas was also co-author, with Peter, of In his address, Peter said that it was no acco­ Solway Harvester another influential book The Problem of lade to Seumas nor himself, that, thirty years Language Revival (Club Leabhar, 1971). Appeal Fund Seumas was well known for his hard-hitting after publication, it remained the only full articles and essays arguing for a Scottish length study of the rising. He had some harsh A booklet, FOUND An Elegy for the socialist republic and the restoration of Gaelic criticisms of Scottish historians who were still crew of the Solway Harvester, written by as the national language of the nation. trying to deny its significance instead of David Betteridge is now available from: The unveiling and eulogy in English was expanding our knowledge of the event. 'This John Scoular, The Steam Packet Inn, Isle given by former League chairman, Peter denial of primary source material is as bad as of Whitehorn. Wigtownshire DG8 8LL. Berresford Ellis and the Gaelic eulogy was those who deny the Holocaust of Nazi Donations received for the booklet will go given by Archy MacPherson. representing the Germany.’ to the families of those involved in the Celtic League, and a veteran Pan-Celt. P.BE. tragic sinking of the vessel off the Isle of On the previous evening, in Glasgow's SNP The booklet is 64pp + covers, illustrated, Man in January of this year. Please make Rooms, a reception was held to launch a book­ and costs Stg. £4 plus 35p postage. Copies are cheques etc. payable to: The Scallop let on Seumas' life and work, edited by Alba available from Risnidh Mac Aoidh at 16/1 Association, c/o John Scoular. address Branch secretary Risnidh Mac Aoidh. Macleod Street, Edinburgh II 2NQ, Scotland. above. Komprenel ez eus bel gant an embregerezhioù amerikan e c’helle Iwerzhon bezan evito dor efedusah mar- c’had gwarezet Europa. Don’t a ra 40% eus Breizh arc’hapiialioù postet enni eus Breizh-Veur. 25% eus ar Stadoii-Unanet, 20% eus i r ~ Alamagn, 5% eus an Izelvroioù. Emafi an industriezh o pourchas breman 35% eus ar produadar diabarzh gros hag oe’h ezporzhi- Dazont Ekonomikel Keltia aii 80% eus ar rnadoù oberiet en hec’h uzi- noù. Labour a ra hiviziken an hanter eus ar Lusk Burzhudus Iwerzhon boblaiis oberiant evit ar marc'had diavaez. Tremenet eo pouez ar madoù kaset d’ar Echu eo ar mare ma oa gant Iwerzhon unan eus produadurioù diabarzh gros ize- Stadoù Unanet eus 65% eus an lañ en Unvaniezh Europa. Kavet ez eus bet fred gant 250,000 a dud enni e-kerz ar ezporzhiadurioù da 28%, hag ar re kaset da pemp bloavezh diwezhañ, da lavarout eo 50,000 muioc'h eget hollad ar postou broioù ail Unvaniezh Europa eus 12% da labour krouet e broioii all ar gtununiezli d ’ar memes mare. Tremenet eo feur an 46%. Tennan a ra ivez ar vro he mad eus he dilabour eus 15% er bloavezhioii 1980 da 6% eus ar boblañs oberiant hiziv. Distreiñ diorroadtir daleet. Lakaet ez eus bet garni ar a ra d ’ar vro lod eus ar re a oa aet da glask fred en estrenvro. Kreñvoc ’h kreñvañ skoliadur a ranke aozaii evit he yaouanki- eo deut da vezan feur ar c’hresk ekonomikel, o tremen eus 4.6% er bloavezhioii zoù da glolan diouzhtu ouzh ezhommoù en 1985-90 da 8.3% e 1996 ha da 11.9% e 1998. Tree 'het eo bet zoken nerzh embregerezhioù a telle dezhi sachan warhe ekonomikel dre annezad Breizh-Veur gant an hini souezhus bet dastumet gant he zu. Lezet eo bet ouzhpenn-se gant Europa zrevadenn gozh. Ne dizho mui samm he dleeoii foran nemet 35% eus talvoudegezh dastum un nerzh kevezin krenv pa oa ur vro ar Produadur diabarzh gros e fin 2000 endra ma oa tost da 90% anezhaii e 1990. vihan nac’helle ket abalamour da-se lakaat kalz a reuz gant he danvezioù izel o c’boust e marc'had diabarzh ar gumuniezh. Dalcet e oa bel cliliun industriel Iwerzhon e teuas 700 a embregerezhioit estren da evil meur a abeg. Lakaet e oa bel gam ar zigeriii uzinou en Iwerzhon, an hanter “Silicon Glen” bro Skos veli drevadennel saoz da bourchas driest- anezho gant kapitaliou amerikan. Krouet e holl d'ar bennvro danvezioù al labour voe ur burev (Industrial Development N'co ket dizanjer dibaboù Dulenn evit an douar. Ne voe ket lakaet kalz a gemmoii er Authority) e 1970 evit ober war-dro ar poii- dazont. Eman kreizennoù-divizout ha bure- saviad-se gant an dizale'h embannet e tikerezh-se. Anat e teue da Zulenn ar vioù-klask hec’h industriezhioù nevez en 1937. Re dreut e oa he ntarc'had diabarzh frouezh a c’hell dastum o torn ezel eus estrenvro ha ne vint ket moarvat chalet o evil stumman ur rouedad ekonomikel Kumuniezh Europa e 1973. An diskar a serrin o stalioù-produin en Iwerzhon pa liesseuri. re zister he fourvezioti danvezioù c’houzanvas ar c’hresk ekonomikel er zeuio emsavoc’h dezho fardaii o madoù e gremm evil terri fi ezhommoù un indus- mare-se a noazas siwazh ouli. lec'h ail. Ur bloaz.iad liarz a zo bet lakaet triezh lontek. Re bell e oa ivez Iwerzhon gant Europa d'al live izel aotreet enni evit eus an diazadoù industriel bras evil skoul- an taos war ar produadur. Ne bado ket ivez niafi darempredoù kenwerzhel efedus Harp Unvaniezh Europa an dumping social ur viken. Sevel a ra ar ganto. Ne roe ket ouzhpenn-se lezennoù ar Harpet e voe Iwerzhon gam Unvanizezh c’hoant bevezin er boblaiis (25% a gresk a mallouterezh eire ar sladoù kalz a avel da Europa evit dastum ul lusk nevez war an zo bet gant ar werzh kirri-tan warlene), ur youl produin ar broioù biliari na c'helleni duchenn industriel. Digreskin a reas enni c’hoant a lakao ar c’hletnm social da sevel dastum ul lusk ekonomikel dereal nemet pouez ekonomikel al labour douar hag hini d'e dro abred pc ziwezhad. Dibabet ez eus dre lakaal ar pouez war an ezporzhian. hec'h industriezh kozh. evel argwiadiii hag bet dija gant lod embregerezhioù prientin o Degas a rae ar frankiz met d’an eskemmoù ar c’hivijerezh. Degemerout a ra pemp dilec’hiadur. Ezhomm a vefe eus muioc’ a etrebroadel, an diskoulm da seurt komadoù gweeh muioc’h a skorennou eget ma ro a embregerezhioù o produin talvoudegezhioù distro evit mont war gorre o bec’h. skodennoit da gef boutin ar gumuniezh. ouzhpennet war al lec’h evit framman un E 1946 e laboure 42.2% eus poblans obe­ Estreget an harp-se a zo kaoz koulskoude diaz solut d’ar berzh ekonomikel. Ne denn riant Iwerzhon er c’hentan gennad. 18% an eus al live uhel-eston tizhet gant he berzh. ket c’hoazh Iwerzhon da Daiwan pe da eil gennad. 35% an trede gennad. E I960 c Broioii all. evel Portugal pe Gres, a zo bet a Singapour. oa c'hoazh 38.25% anezhi er c’hentan gen­ sachan war o zu kemeni a skorennou hep Furoc’h eo bet politikerezh Suomi, ur vro nad evit diskenn a-bazennoù betek 15% e don’t a-benn koulskoude da zastum kement vihan distro ail eus Europa, evit kreskin he derou ar bloavezhioii 1990. Pourchas a rae a nerzh ekonomikel a-drugarez da-se. Un fouez ekonomikel war ar marc’hadoù etre­ c’hoazh al labour douar 10% eus ar prod­ industriezh liesseurt ha modem a zo en em broadel. Dibabet ez eus bet garni rein nerzh uadur diabarzh gros ha mont a rae e zan- stummet en Iwerzhon. Deut eo a-benn da ivez enni d'ur gennad industriel nevez, met vezioù d'ober 24% eus an ezporzhiadurioù. lakaat kalz a gonipagnuniezhiou etrebroad­ dre bourvezaiï brokus un aozadur karget da Degas a re ar sevel chatal 80% eus kor- el da bostaii enni pa ginnige dezho pennoit genurzhian an eskemmoù etre burevioù- voder ar gennad-se. Biltan eo chomet ment saoznek da iniplij, uhel o stummadur klask ar vro hag ar stalioù-produin. an atantoù. Ne vefe ket gant an tri c’hard micherel (an hauler eus skolidi an eil derez Estreget Iwerzhon a zo bet o tastum un anezlio an nerzh ekonomikel ret evit padout a zibab keuderc’hel o studi er skolioit nerzh ekonomikel krenv e Keltia. Troet er marc'had diharz c’hoantaet gant ar meur). evit ur gopr dister ha taosoit ken dis- kein ez eus bet gant bro Skos d’hec’h atnzer frankizourien. ter all war ar produadur. Dedennet e oant industriel gozh evit modernaat he diazad Youl a oa gant ar Stad industrializan ivez gant ar vroad niaezidi-se a oa chomet produin. Ken bras eo bet ivez berzh an kousto pe gousto. Treset e voe ganti ur re zister betek-hen enni ar renkad micher- industriezhioù nevez enni. ken e vez. graet zonenn maez ar redenti e-kichen aerbor/h ourien evit rein lusk d’ur e'hleimn social breman "Silicon Glen" eus an Iz.eldirioù. etrebroadel Luimneach. Hire I960 ha 1989 krenv dre stumman sindikadoii galloudus. Tremenet eo feur an dilabour enni eus 13% Corn 5 Dazont Ekonomikel Keltia (Continued) TV Breizh - On The Way To S4C eus ar boblañs oberiant (25% e takadoii'zo) Last year, Youenn Jardin. leader of the ple are able to reach 300,000 families to da 5.5% e 1998. Deut eo da vezan ar c'hen- left wing pacifist party UDB wrote “Frans support this project. Then, it'll be interest­ tañ pol elektronek en Europa. Mont a ra ar 3: bias ar re nebeut” (= “France 3: some­ ing to point out how many are from the far binviji elektronek d'ober bremañ 60% eus thing’s missing”). If it's obvious for the west of France and how many are Breton hec'h ezporzhiadurioü, 65% anezho evit people of the left wing that the Jacobin-state speakers. Here is Brittany wc must remem­ marc'had Europa. Diazezet e vez ivez an in France is strongly' opposed to a regional ber that this private TV-Channel is a huge nerzh ekonomikel souezhus-se war ur sko- television everyone can easily understand opportunity for us and for democracy in this liadur eus ar re efedusañ. Ar feur uhelafi a that the challenge will be private. very special slate of Europe. The success of zo gant bro Skos er gumuniezh evit ar pezh Thanks to the privatisation of the state this experiment is also very important to see industries and to digital technology we have the emergence of other private and public a sell ouzh pouez ar re ziplomet er boblañs a choice of many languages on the same televisions in Brittany, in the next ten years. oberiant. film, series, sports, etc... In a way this project needs a lot of solidari­ Lakaat a ra seurt skouerioii da gompren e ty today for more democracy tomorrow. c’hell bezañ kalz aesoc'h bodañ ar youloit evit diskoulmañ ar c'hudennoii ekonomikel Broadcasting gant ar broioü bihan en hor mare hep pro- The person in charge of the success of tektouriezhioü kreñv eget gant unan a-veni TV-Breizh is Rozenn Milin. For the Breton gant bro Chali. Anat c tcu nc c'hello programmes Mikeal Baudu will help her. Breizh moot gant un hevelep hent nemet pa Both have a lot of experience in terms of vo kreñvaet he nerzhioü politikel. Me vefe TV as well as a good background in Celtic ehomet Iwerz.hon ha bro Skos stag ouzh culture. So we can expect a strong relation­ Londrez, Suomi stag ouzh Stockholm pe ship with the televisions of the Celtic Voskov, evel ma vez stag hor bro ouzh nations... For the moment they do not offer Pariz, e vefe ken true/.us o stad hag lion news, but rather talk-shows about them. hini. Also, in opposition to the state-TV they do Paol ar Meur their very best for the children who speak Courtesy Pobl Breizh Breton, bi addition to this, we will find music, sports and films on TV-Breizh as Summary well as two programmes especially adapted Before 1973 Ireland was one o f the poor­ to our region: ARMOR about the sea and est nations in Europe. Since 1935. its GNP ARGOAT about nature and agriculture. (Cross National Product) has increased a lot (+9%) and the national debt fell from 90% to 30%. A special status for Shannon made an impact and Irish people voted to join the Rozenn Milin Pi EC in 1973. Unlike Greece and Portugal The World Cup '98 in Breton on Ireland had gained from European grants, Canal+sat was a good test. Therefore, the leading US firms to use Ireland as the gate challenge was financial. Patrick Le Lay. for the European market. This strategy head of TFI was the right man in the right might be dangerous for the future. US firms place for this new challenge. In his own might close their production units and business he is used to meeting Rupert move to Eastern Europe. Moreover, the Murdoch and Silvio Berlusconi. Obviously social agreement between the government, TV-Breizh will benefit from exchanges the unions and the firms might change. The between those major companies. It's a increase in car sales (+25%) shows that chance for TV-Breizh when you are looking A “frog symbol”??? No Way... Irish families are ready to spend money for programmes with little money (80M.). To find a symbol for the channel as well nowadays. Consequently they might ask for This is a strong guarantee against the state as a link between the children’s pro­ more and more money. lobbies, ready to kill regional initiatives, in grammes TV-Breizh set up a contest Scotland with the 'silicon glen ' is doing this part of Europe. between the schools. The jury chose a even better than Ireland. The economic- “Sourd=Salamander”... This animal sym­ revival is based on electronics. This new bolizes the revival of the Breton culture. Customers will make the success Even if it’s a kind of lizard it reminds you industry depends on a highly qualified First of all, TV-Breizh is not a TV in of a “frog". It sounds difficult to get rid of work force in the end. The small nations of Breton... it's a channel with French and an image, even on television. Hopefully this Europe are much more efficient than the Breton programmes. That's to say more animal will not be the symbol of the domi­ big ones as long as Devolution is strong French than Breton in the beginning. If nation of the French on the Breton language enough. Brittany is the main target for TV-Breizh. on the channel. Right now. at the very end die satellite programmes will be shown all of the FIL-2000 (Festival Interceltique de over Europe. It looks like a lot of people Lorient) we are confident in the creation of Correction from Brittany, working in Paris, are willing an independent TV-Channel in Brittany. As Cam 110, pg. 7. to watch this new channel. Since they miss long as it’s free on the satellite, we people The correct title for the Breton lobby for their motherland this population of four of the Celtic nations, will enjoy looking at Democracy is GALV Karaez. million might be more numerous than TV-Breizh... “locals” ... let’s wait and see if Breton peo­ Gi Kcltik stickers with a target on Brittany with the Once Upon a Time in Breizh 2025... words: "we refuse terrorism...’’ At first it sounded correct for most of the Breton The wise men of the Lokarn Institute put their expertise at the disposal of the Breton people. But. when you forget to put the region’s economic leaders. For both speakers, Admiral Guy Labouerie and Professor Joz Le first city of Brittany (= Naoncd) on your Bihan, the exercise was meant to be an exercise in conviction, not in observation. stickers you look very Jacobin and so very Admiral Guy Labouerie presented the planetary progress from the midst of time to the third suspect for most of us. Therefore, this ini­ millennium, while his colleague gave a thorough explanation of the works he had presented tiative of the socialist Richard Ferrant to the public on the occasion of an exchange with the association Diorren with his friend Mr brought strong reactions in the cultural Michel Priziac in May 1999. field. The cultural lobby under the title First round in 4 questions Moving from one territory "Brittany is Life” organized an important meeting with 3.000 people in Roazhon (= Admiral Labouerie started with a speech to the next Rennes) on the 8th of May. Alan Stiveil, on the concept of identity, before question­ The Net and the Global location, which is Bob Hasle. J.L. Jossic and the journalist R. ing the field of action and the projects which so dear to the Canon Executive Manager, Gicquel helped the Bretons to go through should he undertaken with "the others". In allows us to think in global terms and to act this very sad event. order to answer these fundamental interroga­ on the local level, without adopting the pyra­ tions. it is necessary to flash back to the early midal state structure. Nevertheless, the new pedestrian world, to move on to the horse allocation of territories raises problems. stage and finally reach the ship stage. The Hence the proposal consisting of developing third millennium will be the world of the countries in synergy with the region looks space ship, that is the world of information. more like a long-term objective. Promoting The Admiral recalls that until 1945. apart the emergence of entrepreneurs-politicians from a few exceptions, like cars and planes, will probably be easier than swapping man could move at less than 30KM/Hour experts between the various European and would live in a wide and slow time regions. These last initiatives will, without space. It's worth pointing out that the civili­ doubt, facilitate the transition from the sation of the horse, Napoleon was so fond of. objective territory to the subjective one that was built according to a pyramid-shaped all the regionalists are hoping for. social organisation. Contrary to the so-called Gi Keltik ocean-like civilisation, with its moving and flexible contours, is developing anticipation and power delegation capacities based on Kenver Bomb intelligence and culture. France and Japan however seem to find it hard to free them­ Killed L. Turbec selves of the pyramid shaped model, which is governed by quantity and strength. The Kenver bombing is still in Breton Meanwhile, the multi-sphere European and minds and far from being over. Courtesy ofBreman American models are developing quality and Two important events took place this intelligence. This ocean-like view of our summer. First, the journalist Solenn The consequences of this situation are planet promotes the emergence of women to Georgeault, a journalist of Bremah. was important for the future. Nowadays, freed after two months in gaol. Secondly, positions involving reflexion (R&D). "All Breton people are strongly opposed to all following a dozen arrests in the spring, we over the world, the status of women will sorts of violence. The Scottish Devolution saw the formation of a women’s lobby become a good indicator of their economic is more and more a reference point here in dedicated to defend human rights because and democratic progress", concluded Brittany. In the debate about Corsica, most of police aggression shown during the Admiral Labouerie. of the Breton leaders do not want to link arrests. Brittany to this island. Of course, they are As for Joz Le Bihan. the economist, the This organisation will support the in favour of a second decentralization of first class information, he has collected over stressed women involved as well as take the state, but not in the context of violence. the years, brings him from the oceanic world action in the law courts. Today their hus­ Southern Europe is another world and the to the world of information... Professor Le bands are free and they believe it will be people here in Brittany would not agree to Bihan has explored the revolutions which he easy for them to show that police brutality go along with that kind of situation. Only, thinks will occur within the next 25 years. was excessive. Only nine activists of the right-wing leader of the Dem. Lib., Very violent future productive upheavals are EMGANN (=fight) are still in jail. Without Alain Madelin, will try this solution for looming, because of the conjunction of three clear allegations from the judge, we must national purposes... areas of activity: wait and see the end of the investigation. Let’s wait and see the solutions for Information of course, but also molecular If we go back to the facts we can easily Corsica. If the French people are ready to biology and nanoscience. The multiplication take some lessons from this new situation. accept more democracy on die island, then of networks will develop interconnections It's the first time since WWII (= World it will be easier for us to ask for: a between various disciplines. In order to take War 2) that the Breton army’s (FLB-ARB) “Scottish” Devolution. As for now, it’s up the coming challenge and win it. the actions resulted in a casualty. This new sit­ high time to go back to peace and remem­ ber that the Latin countries progress by cooperative philosophy based on mutual uation deeply shocked the Breton cultural revolutions and blood. Let Europe help the trust, is a major asset. This is what Mr Porter and political lobbies. All of them strongly condemned this action, except for French people learn: "Concentration"... meant in Davos (1999) with the title The Gi Keltik Finnish Network Leadership, which could EMGANN. R. Ferrant one of the Jacobin leaders of the socialist party, was the first PS. Lite protestant culture of Lionet Jospin be translated as "Let us encourage small on the move. He and some friends sold might help us. économies “. Cymry Cymru yn dysgu Gwyddeleg

Dros y Pasg daeth tua saith deg o Tarddiad Sgoteg fyfyrwyr ynghyd i ddysgu Gaeilge yn Gleann Cholni Cille /Glencolmcille yn Mae Sgoteg yn disgyn o ffurf ogleddol ar athrawon yn dal yn elyniaethus i Sgoteg, tra Dtin na nGall /Donegal am wythnos. yr Eingl-Sacsoneg a ddygwyd i'r Ynysoedd hoffai rhywrai eraill wneud rhywbeth ond ni Yr oeddwn i yn eu plith ac yr oedd Prydeinig gan wladychwyr o'r ardal o gwm- feddant ar yr adnoddau neu ni fedrant Sgoteg hi’n galonogol i weld hanner dwsin o pas Denmarc rhwng y 4edd a’r 6ed canri- eu hunain. Mae’rrhan fwyafo’r prifysgolion foedd OC. Rwnau wedi’u cerfio ar Groes yn dysgu cyrsiau Sgoteg ond hyd yn hyn nid Gymry Cymraeg yno. With gwrs yr Ruthwell ger Dim Fris/Dumfries o’r wythfed oes yr un yn cynnig gradd mewn Sgoteg: oeddem ni wrth ein boddau yn dysgu ganrif ydyw’r dystiolaelh gynharaf am yr mae pawb yn gyndyn i ddarparu ar gyfer drwy’r dydd a chymdeitha.su gyda’r iaith lion yn yr Alban. Dros y canrifoedd Sgoteg fel iaith. ac yn rhy barod i drin Sgoteg nos — bob nos! Diolch i dafamdai ymbellhaodd y ffurtiau ohoni oherwydd fel perthynas tlawd i Saesneg. Biddies, Roarties a’r Glenhead. A oes gwahaniaethau cymdeithasol a gwleidyddol. Yn haf 1996 teithiodd staff o Swyddfa'r cwrs tebyg yng Nghymru efo tri o Erbyn y 14eg ganrif yr oedd pobl yn yr Cofrestr Cyffredinol (GRO) o gwmpas yr dafarndai a cherddoriaeth fyw bob Alban ac yn Lloegr yn ymwybodol eu bod yn Alban a chomisiynu adroddiadau gan dri o nos!?. siarad ffurfiau gwahanol o beth a fuasai yn gwmntau ymchwil farchnata. Ynol agafwyd Diolch i’r mudiad Oideas Gael am un iaitli yn wreiddiol. a dyma ddwy gan y GRO byddai rhyw 1.5 miliwn o bubl chwacr-iaith. Saesneg a Sgoteg. yn dechrau yn dweud iddynt I’edru Sgoteg. neu 30% o wythnos wych [email protected] ydyw’r ymddangos. Erbyn y I490’au adnabyddid yr boblogaeth yr Alban. cyfeiriad e-bost. ac iaith yn yr Alban fwyfwy I'cl Sgoteg (Scots) Yn 1992 mabwysiadodd Cyngor Ewrop wwwAudeas-gael.com ydyw'r wefan. a hi oedd yr iaith gyffredin ymysg y dos- Siartr i leithoedd Rhanbarthol neu Yn anffodus yn Nulyn ches i ddim barthiadau cymdeithasol i gyd. Ddifreintiedig. Ar 61 peth dadlau cydnabu cyfle i ymarfer fy nGaeilge. doedd O'r 1370’an tan yr uniad gwleidyddol á llywodraeth Lloegr Sgoteg fel iaith ddifrein­ dim t alien Gaeilge yn yr amgueddfa Lloegr yn 1707 yr oedd Sgoteg yn iaith tiedig Ewropeaidd a nododd yr iaith o dan genedlaethol hyd yn oed a dw i’n dal addysg a’r wladwriaeth. Arweiniodd cysyll- Ran II o’r Siartr. Cyhoeddwyd yn 1998 bod i aros am ateb I'm cwyn ar y pwne. tiadau gwleidyddol rmvy tynn a Lloegr yn llywodraeth Lloegr am arwyddo’r Siartr. Mae ‘na rywbeth i ni ddysgu oddi ysiod y 17eg ganrif yn gyntaf i ffurf o Sgoteg Ym 1998 cyhoeddodd cadeirydd y Grflp Seisnigedig. ac wedyn, erbyn diwedd y Llywio Ymgynghorol y byddai gan yr Alban wrth y Gwyddelod a vice versa on'd I8fed ganrif, i wahaniaeth rhwng bonedd “senedd a fydd yn hyrwyddo cyfleoedd oes? Saesneg eu hiaith a gwerin oedd yn dal yn cyfartal i bawb.” Cyhyd ag y mae ieithoedd Petroc ap Seisyllt Sgoteg. Yr oedd Saesneg y wladwriaeth yr Alban yn y ewestiwn. nid yw hyn yn wir. Llundain Brydeinig newydd erbyn hyn yn iaith swyd- Bydd siaradwyr Sgoteg bob amser yn diod- ’K’ V lleoliad daearyddol o unrhyw bwys i Cerddoriaeth fusnes ar lein, gall unrhyw un ym mha ble bynnag y rnae fod yn rhan o’r Fideos ■■-Bk farc/inad. Gobaith 3» /enter yw fod y siop yn medru gwasanaethu nid yn unigy Llyfrau £ 1 Cymry yng Nghymru, ond y Cyrnry ar wasgar hefyd, o America i Batagonia. Meddalwedd & ^ Posteri a Mapiau ■ ■r -r Y tro nesaf rydych yn syrffio’r gofod- agos bydd y siop yn ychwanegu at y stoc seiber (cyberspace) ewch ar ymweliad i gyda nwyddau cwmni Fflach. www.cadi-llwyd.com www.cadi-llwyd.com i weld beth sydd ar Mae gan Cadi Llwyd dros 10,000 0 eit- gael. Nid oes rhaid mw'yach drafaelio i'r emau, felly bydd rhywbeth at ddant pawb dref a thalu crocbris am le parcio er mwyn o'r hynaf i'r ieuengaf. Gyda menter gweld y diweddaraf o'r byd Cymraeg a newydd fel hon mae'n bwysig gwrando ac Chymreig - mae popeth ar flaenau eich ymatcb i farn y bobl. felly o.s oes rhywbeth Census 2001 - the bysedd. Belli bynnag yw eich diddorde- rydych chi'n meddwl y dylai fod yn y siop bau. a pha bynnag yw eich dewis fel cyfr- - neu os oes gennych sylwadau ynghylch wng. hoed llyfrau neu recordiau. fideos right to be Welsh y siop a'i gwedd. neu unrhyw beth arall. neu CD-ROMs mac gun y siop lion One of the most prominent campaigns in ddewis eang iawn. Medrwch bori. dewis, medrwch gysylltu a Cadi Llwyd ar [email protected] - bydd gwerth- Wales over the summer has been for a prynu a lhalu ar lein heb symud o’ch tick—box for the word 'Welsh' to be cartrel' - a chewch y cyfan wedi ei anfon fawrogiad felly, i bob awgrym. {An account o f a new Welsh shop service included in the question about ethnicity in atoch drwy'r post. the 10 yearly state Census which will next being developed on the Internet. It sup­ Mae'r siop yn stocio pob eitem sydd gan be held in 2001 and for which the forms plies a wide range of books, records and y cwmni Sain. Mae gan y siop hefyd bron are presently being compiled. The ethnic­ CDs and nuty be visited at www.cadi- pob llyfr Cymraeg, neu Saesneg am ity question will require the filler to reply llwyd.com. j Gymru. sydd inewn print. Y11 y dyfodol by licking a box with the label White UK. African, Indian, Pakistani etc. or by tick­ ing Other and writing in the ethnic group concerned. At present it is intended for the Back on the masts - Language Act list of ethnic groups to include Irish and Scottish but not Welsh! campaign enters new phase This snub to post-devolution Wales cre­ ated an unexpected uproar and a vigorous On the 26th ol June lour members of In respect of this action Cymdeilhas campaign of petitioning and letter writing Cymdeilhas yr Iailh climbed up an Chairman Branwen Evans said: “Since led by the new Cymru Annibynnol Orange (mobile phone company) trans­ the 1993 Language Act the status of ^Independent Wales party and supported mitter mast at Synod Inn. Ceredigion, Welsh has stood still while world—wide determinedly by the Western Mail nation­ w'hich relays mobile phone messages. al daily newspaper. The president of developments have moved on. We are Having reached a platform 15m up they Cymru Annibynnol. Gwynedd councillor now facing a situation where the bulk of unfurled banners calling for a Deddf Owain Williams, said "We will have Iailh Newydd (New Language Law), public services are privatised and thus forms printed in Welsh for us to say that commencing the next phase of this cam­ outside the bounds of the Act. At present we are Brits", and that he was ready to paign which is now' a priority for the the technological revolution is leaving bum his census form and bear the conse­ Welsh language movement. The mobile Welsh behind. This is a challenge to the quences, prison if necessary, if the label phone companies completely ignore Cynulliad (Assembly) and to the future Welsh were not included in the form, and Welsh and are good examples of the of democracy is it possible to make the numerous other individuals started mak­ organisations, using technology more privatised commodities serve the bene­ ing similar statements. A substantial boy­ cott next year would render the results of characteristic of next century than the fits of society? The Cynulliad can start one presently coming to an end. that are the Census inaccurate for all purposes. this in the debate tomorrow by calling on not covered by the 1993 Language Act The Census Office stated that people Westminster to pass a Language Act or and which are able to trample on the could register themselves as Welsh by right of Welsh speakers to have service to give the Cynulliad Cenedlaethol the ticking Other and writing 'Welsh', hut through Welsh. This action was reminis­ right to do this." this is inadequate as forcing people to go cent of the Welsh TV channel campaign On the same day in June the National to the trouble of doing this would greatly of the ’70’s when it was television masts Assembly were holding their first ever reduce the number of people who would that Cymdeilhas members climbed and. debate on the language and Plaid Cymru be registered as Welsh. indeed, one of the members on this occa­ and Liberal Democrat members support­ Support in the following weeks was sion. Ffred Ffransis. had taken part in ed the call for a new language act. given by other parties including Plaid such action during the TV service cam­ paign. Robat ap Tomos (Continued on page 10) Census 2001 Full National Status (Continued from page 9) - The message from Cymru, as well as numerous media and sport figures including the Archdruid Plaid’s new leader of Wales. Ieuan Wyn Jones, AC and MP for Ynys It is significant that the state Census Mon. is the new President of Plaid Cymru, in Wales is handled from London, as succeeding Dafydd Wigley AC MP who this area was not one of those devolved had to retire for health reasons. Dafydd to Cardiff. Also, the Welsh representa­ Wigley, AC (Cardiff Assembly member) tion on die Westminster committee and MP (London parliament member) for planning the census earlier diis year Caernarfon had been Plaid’s leader from consisted of the anti-devolution 1981 to 1984 and 1991 to 2(XX). following Labour MP's Allan Rogers (Rhondda) Saunders Lewis, Ciwynfor Evans and and Denzil Davies (Llanelli), both of Dafydd Elis Thomas, and had led Plaid to whom have opposed the tick-box cam­ their greatest successes so far in the Welsh paign. "Nationalist fuss” is how general election and European elections of Rogers described the campaign. 1999. His departure, following illness Following the Census publicity, before Christmas, is felt to leave a gap, another campaign, which the Celtic which it will be. a challenge to fill. All Ieuan Wyn Jones League has supported in the past, has Plaid members were given a vote in the been revived, namely dial of including leadership election, which was contested, avoiding, this term meant that Plaid did not the question about ability to by Jill Evans MEP, Helen Mary Jones. AC stand for removing Wales entirely from speak/read/write Welsh on the forms for Llanelli, and Ieuan Wyn AC MP. I. W. English sovereignly. distributed in England too. There are Jones emerged as the clear winner. In his The Cymru branch of the Celtic League many thousands of Welsh speakers in leadership campaign he had clarified the have not always agreed with statements of England, many of whom remain active status for Wales, which Plaid Cymru I. W. Jones in the past, particularly on lan­ members of our nation, and knowing sought by using the term “Full national sta­ guage matters. However, at this lime, we their number and location would be a tus". Unlike the SNP. Plaid have never hope that Plaid, as Wales’s leading nation­ useful addition to understanding the used the word "independence”. It was felt al party, will continue under Ieuan Wyn state of Welsh. that this term ran contrary to Plaid's long Jones to build on the successes achieved Robat ap Tomos internationalist tradition,, but in recent under Dafydd Wigley. months the media have queried whether Robat ap Tomos

Don't bE RAcisT — SuppoRT EiNqiANd! People in pubs in Wales who cheer loud­ team with an ‘our boys’ approach (most of eventually failed, the courts deciding that ly when England concede a goal in an inter­ our television, radio and newspapers, not knowledge of a language was a skill rather national football match being shown on the through our choice, come from England than a racial attribute. However they seem TV, when there are English people present though they are intended to be for all to have a sympathetic ear for the ‘com­ in the pub, could be prosecuted if the Britain). This perceived snub to our nation­ plaints’ they receive from English people Commission for Racial Equality responds al identity at a time when we are regaining who have moved to Wales but do not accept to complaints it has been receiving lately. some self-confidence, added to the tradi­ that they arc in a different country, and may The Commission has stated that recently tional resentment towards the teams of our attempt further prosecutions e.g. to insist complaints about “anti-English racism” conquerors and rulers, created frustration that councils should not distinguish from English people outnumber complaints which many expressed by cheering on the between candidates for posts who know from almost any other "racial group" in team playing against England, whoever Welsh and those who say they will learn in Wales, with the increase of self-confidence they might be. Loud and rowdy cheering a given time. The Race Commission was of the Welsh following devolution appar­ “against England" in pubs was apparently created to protect certain minorities, and ently being the cause. The list of complaints offensive to English people who were pre­ yet. if they go ahead and take further action from English incomers included: knowl­ sent. some of whom described it as intimi­ on behalf of English colonists who resent us edge of Welsh being necessary for some dating anti-English racial abuse, and led to having different national sympathies and jobs, knowledge of Welsh helping some complaints to the Race Commission. The having public bodies who use our language, gain promotion, discrimination against Commission were particularly disapproving then they will be agents of imperialism of those with an English accent in broadcast­ on hearing that during one England match the state’s English majority. ing and offensive displays of nationalism. customers at a pub in Abertawe/Swansea RapT This last category includes the habit of sup­ were offered free drinks every time England Footnote porting England’s opponents in internation­ conceded a goal! It would appear that Wales is not alone in al sport. During this year’s European Soccer It was during the 1980’s that the Race this. Irish newspapers have printed letters Championships, for which Wales did not Commission attempted to prosecute some from English visitors complaining about qualify, the media here gave a dispropor­ public bodies for making knowledge of Irish people cheering in pubs when England tionate amount of coverage to the England Welsh a qualification for some posts. They concedes a goal! gcrulhaíonn an creideanih an náisiún. “ ii Prionsabal tábhachtach é sin a théann anuí ar aiemí áirithe sna Sé Chontae. is baolach. Díol spéise, leis, is ea an bhéim a leagtar ar «3 éire <3 an rugbaí mar chomhartha d'fhéiniúlacht náisiúnta an Choim. Ni argóint áifeiseach é IL II sin. Féach an mórtas náisiúnta a spreagann eachtraí na foirne sacair in Éirinn. Agus nach iad lucht leanúna na foime céanna a thug an bratach náisiúnta (a bhí itneallaithe ar fad sa Tuarascáil Mhionlaigh tsochaí geall leis) thar n-ais ar na sráideanna deich mbliana ó shin? Agus nach ag Stade Retines, foireann sacair Roazhon. atá an brat- Na gCornach ach Briotánach is mó ar domhan! Abhar machnaimh é sin d’inlleachtóirí neamhchor- partha na cúiseí - Gníomh Mór Tírghrá! Má tá an chéad Chuid den Tuarascáil ar fheabhas. is éifeachtaí fós an tarna Cuid, dar Cuid mhaith den dui chun cinn ala déanta hEorpa a biieidh ag scrúdú Thuarascàil uni linn, áil go léirítear na fadhbanna atá ag ag geilleagar na hÉireami le roinni blianta Chomhlfonadh na Sasanaeh. Is le cabhair an muintir an Choirn a eascraíonn as iad a bhei­ anuas, is de bharr infheistiochl ón Foraip faoi Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust a cuireadh an th ina mionlach ina dtír fcln. In imcacht na Cisti Struchturaeha agus as cisti Eoraip na Tuarascàil Mhionlaigh amach agus Coiste tríocha bliain. tá na Comaigh lite ó bheith ina Réigiun a tharla sé agus tù an bliéim seo ar an Stiùrtha de diri dhiiine dliéag (conilialtai den dtromlach mór go dtí céim an mhionlaigh ar bhforbairt réigiunach an-tàbhachtach illaidir Chonradh Ceilteach san àireamh) a dhréach- a bhfód dúehais féin. Buille mór do náisiún le sprcagadh a Ihabhairt do gheilleagair na taigh i. Tà dhà chuid inli. mar atá: I. Càs na ar bith é sin. go háirithe do phobal atá tar éis réigiun éagsdil. Leis an infheistiocht sin. is gCornach gur nàisiun iad, agus 2. Mar a a ngreim a chailliúint ar a dteanga agus ar féidir an crui cearl a chur ar réigiun den chaitear le Cornaigh an lae inniu. ghnéithe bunúsacha eile dá n-oidhreachi. Aontas Eorpach chini an fhionlraiochi a Gan dabhl, tuigeann léitheoin Cham gur Léirítear na fadhbanna iomadúla sóisialta a sprcagadh agus na cuideachtai osnàisiunta a náisiún iad na Comaigh ach ni mór d'ùdair phréamhaíonn as an stádas mínádúrtha sin, mhealladh isteach. Ta sé riachtanach, mar na Tuarascàla Mionlaigh seo an càs is fearr a go háirithe ag daoine nach mór dóibh a dtír a sin, a bheith isligh ar dhaiieadh na dhéanamh don Choiste Comhairleach agus is roinnt le hinimircigh shaibhre as tír eile. Tá hinfheisliochia agus is é an bealach is fearr féidir. Tugann siad faoin méid sin a an deighilt seo idir Cornach agus Gall le chun é sin a dhéanamh na an leagan amach dhéanamh i geomhthéaes an Choinbhinsiùin feiscint sa mhargadh fostaíochta. sa tithíocht, cearl a bheith ar na réigiuiii. Sa Chom. mar féin. Cé nach dtugtar aon sainmhiniù sa sa mhíbhunláiste sóisialta. san oideachas - shampla, tathar an-sasta go bhl'uil éirithe leo Choinbhinsiun ar cad is mionlach nàisiùnta agus sa tsochaí i gcoitinne. áit go mbíonn stàdas Chuspóir I a bhaint amach i gcomhair ann. baintear leas as tréithe áirithe mar sotal na n-inimirceach rí-léir. na gCisti Struchturaeha. léirilheoirí ar an bhféiniúlacht náisiúnta. Locht beag amháin ar an Tuarascáil is ea Maidir le conihthéacs eile. afach. ta na Orthu sin. tá creideanih. teanga. traidislüin go gcaitear Eire isteach sa Bhreatain agus Comaigh thar a bheith mishdsta go blifuil agus oidhreacht chultúir agus glactar leis na sna ‘British Isles’ ó am go chéile. Tá sé intu- deis iontach aia curtha ar fàil chun a tréithe sin i geomhthéaes féinaitheantais .i. igthe nach mbeadh aon fliadhb ag na bhféiniulacht naisiiinta a dhcarbhù agus a an aithníonn an pobal féin nó cuid Cornaigh leis na téarmaí sin - is iadsan na chur chun cinn a séanadh orthu ag Rialtas shuntasach díobh gur náisiún iad? Téann fíorBhriotanaigh i ndeireadh báire - ach ba Londan. Feabhra 1995. shinigh Rialtas údair na Tuarascàla Mionlaigh i mbun a cheart go dtuigfídís, go háirithe an cineál Londan, i dteannta 21 Bhallstat eile de gcuid oibre go cruinn agus déanann a gcás duine a chuir an Tuarascáil Mhionlaigh seo Chomhairle na hEorpa, Creat-Choinbhinsiun faoi gach ceann de na tréithe cáilitheacha. ar fail nach bhfuil Eire sa Bhreatain agus uni Chosaint Mionlach Naisiùnta. Is é De na tréithe sin go léir. ábhar suime ar nach ‘British Isle' í Eire. bunchuspóir an Chreai-Choinbhinsiuin na leilh don léitheoir seo is ea cúrsaí crcidimh. Pé scéal é. gníomh mór tírghrá is ea foilsiú cosainl a thabhairt do chearta mionlach Glactar leis i gcoitinne go raibh baint nár na Tuarascála Mionlaigh seo. Cas cuini- naisiùnta, agus a gcultur a chaomhnu agus a bheag ag an éagsúlachl chreidimh idir Eire sitheach ar son náisiún na gComach is ea í - lliorbairt. Le hAirteagal 25 den Chreat- agus Sasana le caomhnú na héagsúlachta cás doshéanta, dar linn. Bímis, a Choinbhinsiùn. ceanglaitear ar na stàil náisiúnta ¡dir an dá thír nualr a bhí eosantóirí gcomhCheilligh, ag súil le go dtabharfaidh slnnithcacha tuarascail a chur ar fai 1 chun an náisiúln in isle bri. Ach náisiúnachas an Coisle Comhairleach aird ar a bhfuil inti léiriii a ihabhairt ar na hearta ara glactha acu cuinisitheach atá ag formhór mhuintir na agus a thabhairt ar Rialtas Londan an mion- chun prionsabail an Chreai-Choinbhinsiuin a hÉireann anois lena bhfáiltítear roimh lacli náisiúnta is sitie ina stát a aithint. fheidhiniù. Sa Tuarascail uni Chomhlfonadh dhaoine beag beami ar chreideamh. Macalla Vivian Uíbh Eachach. a chuireadarsan ar fàil, fógraionn Rialtas de chianaimsir bhreacdhearúdla is ea an S u m m ary Londan nach dóigh leosan gur mionlach bhéim a leagtar sa Tuarascàil Mhionlaigh ar The Westminster Government, although naisiùnta iad inuintir an Choirn agus nach an gereideamh bunúsach protastúnach a having signed the framework Convention for dtagann cullur agus féiniulacht na gComach bhíodli iréan sa Chom iráth mar léiriú gur the Protection of National Minorities, has faoin gCreat-Choinbhinsiùn dà bharr sin. Ni náisiún ar leithligh iad. Ach. dar ndóigli ¡s denied recognition to the Cornish as a thugtar aon argóint sa Tuarascàil uni chun coinníoll de chuid an Choinbhinsiùin a Notional Minority. A steering committee of Chomhlionadh mar iliaca le seasanih an chonihlíonadh atáthar ag dúiseacht ceist seo thirteen Cornish people from various wa/ks Rialtais. an chreidimh athuair. agus ni miste a of life have compiled a report to the Dar ndóigh. ni mó uà sàsta alà na Comaigh thuiscint go mbíonn creidimh áirithe láidir i Convention making the cose for Cornwall as leis an iarraclil is déanai seo ag na Sasanaigh náisiúin áirithe toisc gur náisiúin iad atá a nation and outlining the lower grade slums féiniulacht na gCornach a shéanadh agus tà neamhspleáeh ar náisiúin eile sua cúrsaí sin of the Cornish in their own country today. Tuarascàil Mhlonlaigh curtha ar fall acusan agus go leanann siad a ndioscúrsa féin. Is This article describes some features o f the chun a gcàs a dhéanamh leis an gCoisle amhlaidh go roghnaíonn an náisiún an crei- Report - a great patriotic effort- and calls Comhairleach de chuid Chomhairle na deamh (nó na creidimh). ni lié go for support for the Cornish case. tricity were provided bilingually but mon- lingual versions in English and Irish were Protests at Eircom introduced many years ago. Surely the most effective system is to legislate for fully bilingual documentation (proper status, leg­ Bills in English ibility for each ) including not just bills but all manner of application forms in State and local admininstration. Such a system would encourage the use of Irish - it is an unfor­ tunate truth that many Irish speakers, even less Gaeltaeht people and very few' learners demand service in Irish. There are various reasons for this not least being poor or dif­ ficult Irish language versions or the fear of ridicule but certainly it seems to this writer that proper bilingual documentation would encourage a greater use of Irish.

Peace and Neutrality Alliance

PANA is at present campaigning for a Neutrality Amendment and a Protocol to be added to tire Treaty of Nice, which will exclude Ireland from the military dimen­ sion of the EU. Diarmuid Ó Tuoniti and Deasùn Breatnach protesting outside the Eircom AGM. PANA's only income is through affilia­ (Photo: Courtesy, Colin Ó Tóma) tions. Please support PANA efforts by joining. In a retrograde step Eircom has adopted a their ire at a board, which intended to give ruling of giving only the overall summary senior management a lavish reward pack­ Objectives of phone bills in Irish to their Irish-speak­ age in such circumstances, and also at the 1 It is with the OSCE and a reformed ing customers. Government Minister responsible, Mary United Nations, and not the EU. that The pages giving details and listings of O'Rourke. Despite the attendance of some Ireland should pursue its security the different type of calls are now totally in 5,000 this was all to no avail, as proxy insti­ concerns. English. To rub salt in the wound Eircom tutional votes carried the day for the Board 2 Ireland should pursue a positive neu­ had the gall to announce this as a policy of who stonewalled their way through the bar­ trality and independent foreign poli­ supplying a ‘bilingual’ bill! An Eircom rage of criticism. cy and not join or form an associa­ spokesperson staled the company was cut­ The English language mass media tion with any military alliance, such ting the costs associated with bills in Irish reported extensively on this but did see fit as the WEU or NATO. 3 Ireland should seek to promote and that furthermore the software to pro­ to mention the protest about the withdraw­ European and international security duce full bills in Irish would be too expen­ al of bills in Irish at all. The Eircom through a policy of disarmament and sive. It was also claimed that the new pri­ Chairman, once government minister, Ray demilitarisation and should therefore vatised company had no obligations to pro­ McSharry apparently conceded the point oppose the militarisation of the EU. vide anything in Irish. and said that Eircom would provide a ser­ 4 Ireland should refuse to cooperate vice in Irish to its Irish speaking customers Irish speakers organised a protest at the with or condone in any way policies first shareholders meeting in Sept, with a but we will have to wait and see if that or military groupings, which main­ picket outside and a number of speakers, promise is honoured. tain nuclear weapons or any including Ite Ni Chionnaith, Conradh na None of Eircom's competitors in the now' weapons of mass destruction. Gaeilge. and Padraig 6 Cuanachain, Gael deregulated telecom market provide any 5 Irish troops should only serve abroad Taca, at the meeting berating the Board for service in Irish. There is a need for legisla­ as peacekeepers under the auspices this policy. tion to ensure that all companies such as of the UN. At this first shareholders meeting the these providing services nationwide have Membership details from Roger Cole at: focus was on the poor performance of the an obligation to provide Irish language doc­ I 13 Springhill Avenue. Blackrock, Co. share-price, down almost 40% since the umentation and service. There is a corre­ Dublin, Ireland much-hyped launch at an over-inflated sponding need to increase the demand for e-mail: [email protected] price. Many ordinary shareholders vented such. At one time bills for phone and elec­ our very life would be that definition, and that life would not only clearly distinguish DIMA, the Celts and the us from all the other communities that make up our world. It would also give us a well- earned self-confidence that would bond us from south Kerry to north Antrim and from League ■An Opinion Kemper to Uist in a way no past treaties or bureaucratic scrawl ever can. "By the end of this century it will be pos­ are ahead of themselves, no matter how I. Mae Mathfma sible to judge if they |i.e. the Celtic peoples) implausible that may look to many. Around will be erased by the very European progress us, international borders arc slowly falling in to which they have contributed so much, or on themselves under (lie weight of ever- The Irishman - An whether they will survive and carve a valid expanding economic empires, and the very future for themselves”. concept of the nation-state, as developed by Impression of an Exile So wrote Peter Beresford Ellis in 1983. the thinkers of the nineteenth century, is in A film on video. 50 minutes long by Seventeen years on his question remains, but itself disappearing. It could well be that the Seamus Ennis and Phillip Donnellan. the answer many would feel is fast arguments for coming generations shall not This film, first made in 1965 now repre­ approaching. Have the Celts of Europe so much he ones of politics or territory as sents a social history of work and emigra­ marched through what can only be described much as those of definition and where com­ tion depicting the life of the working Irish as clouded and often-bloodied histories, to munities begin and end. in Britain and celebrates their strength, stumble into the dawn of a new millennium A number of months ago. the Royal Irish skills, and their contribution to the build­ and watch with blinkered eyes as the final Academy embarked on an exciting project ing of this island. curtain is drawn on their very existence? A with, amongst others, the Royal College of Begins with a family in Connemara and year ago, I lor one, would undoubtedly have Surgeons in Dublin, to. through extensive follows one of its sons on his lonely jour­ thought so. Events however, in Mannin this DNA sampling, study the "genetic history ney to Euston. July, proved to me; as I'm sure it did to and geography of Ireland". The results of Rides with the men who drive the big many others present, to be otherwise. this endeavour will most likely reflect what earthmovers building a motorway Throughout the late nineteenth and early scholars have over recent years been Joins the men at work deep under twentieth centuries, writers like John attempting to prove. Namely that, the Oxford Circus driving tunnels that now Bentham and Matthew Arnold did much to "Celtic" people, as defined by classical writ­ carry thousands on the Victoria line. popularise what is still viewed today as the ers and present scholarship, had little impact Music by Joe Heaney and Ewan "natural order of things" upon these islands. in the areas of north western Europe that MacColi While the clinical and stolid Anglo-Saxon now bear their name. Indeed, any detailed £15.00 from Northampton Connolly culture rules with rationality and order, the look at the archaeological record for the Association, 5 Woodland Avenue, Celtic peoples have been handed the more early Iron Age, in either Ireland or Britain, Abington Park. Northampton NN3 2BY. flattering role of a sentimental tribe with reveals surprisingly little material proof for Tel. 01604-715793 high poetic vision, ruled by our hearts and any incursion by the “Celts" per se. The near E-mail: [email protected] not our heads. We are amusing and gifted, future therefore, in all matters "Celtic" could our native tongues tire pretty antiquities to well be, for a time at least, overshadowed by decorate signposts or tourist brochures with, the same form of gratuitous revisionism and our countries are buck gardens to spend the political correctness that has hindered so / i’U e t ' summer months lounging in. The Celts were many other areas of life in recent times. The Following the new situation in the North not born to think for themselves, rather we underlying problem though once again is of Ireland, it was most alarming to hear have been placed carefully on a shelf to merely one of wording and definition. that there have been suggestions (The dream of destiny and not to forge it. The great strength of the Celt ic League, as Times, RBC, Radio 4) that the Irish 1 suppose this is why the League’s ACM was evident to those present at the AGM this Republic might join the Commonwealth. made such a profound impact. Here lies summer, is that it can provide that definition The Irish Republic is already a member something that does not readily accept the needed for the future of our individual of the United Nations, the European natural order. The number of resolutions nations, it has the ability to look beyond the Union and the Council of Europe. What passed on July 22nd on a vast array of mere name of “Celtic" and what it means to possible reason could there be for it to issues, from hurling and shinty' and the sta­ different individuals in different ways, to become a member of this tus of Gaidhlig to the dangerous growth of work for the welfare and common good of “Commonwealth”? The Republic has nuclear power on our shores, proved beyond the ordinary people and their communities gone so far as to amend its constitution by any doubt that there are Celts who think and who. at the beginning of the 21st century withdrawing its perfectly justifiable nurture ideas for the welfare of all. bear this name. Whatever about race and claim to the six occupied counties in As humanity stands on the threshold of a DNA, our communities arc linked by their order to appease the Unionite colonial­ third millennium, the world is ever more in similar, though uniquely diverse cultures, ists. Is this not more than enough? I hope need of those who think for themselves. In histories, and most importantly, languages. the League will do all in its power to fact, in the ever-moving landscape that is In a world ruled by "big brothers" it is oppose this idea and cooperate with any our global village - a place that is in every imperative that the small communities unite other groups who do not agree with such aspect of human life enduring vast changes - to preserve what is rightfully theirs. The res­ a ludicrous notion. movements like the Celtic League and the olutions passed at the AGM show clearly the Furthermore, if the new arrangements in common sense approach it urges are more embryonic form of a future community that the North of Ireland ultimately collapse, than ever required to build that bridge can emerge to cultivate a new approach, a perhaps consideration should be given to between the old world and the new. If any­ new life, if we all so wish it. It can, in a enlisting the help of the decolonisation thing. the ACM on Mannin proved beyond sense, be an end in itself. There would be no section of the United Nations. doubt that in a Western world sated with need then to worry about our national iden­ Yours faithfully, apathy, the Celts (or some of them at least) tities or of how to go about defining them, as Mrs. J. Hack will ir Nowodhow Da Rag An Vretonyon... «8 KernoAV «8 Ha Rag An Taves L 1 Kernewek. Y'n termyn eus passyes, Bretonyon a alias dyski yethow Keltek erell der aga Deshava Ew Dirria yeth—rag ensampel. Kembrek hag Iwerdhonek—ha war-lergh mis reegdowethy an luggaren nawnzegvas cans- Gwynngala 2000, i a yll dyski an taves blethan), thurt tcdna meaz an mooun mezan Kernewek dre Vretonek niaga la! Dyllys awonow, ha thurt palas downe en doar: vydh gans Skol Ober treylyans dhe famos ew an Kemowean vel teez bul. Vretonek a"n dyskansow "Kernewek Dre Hethow oil an wheal tradicionallma ew Lyther" (K. D. L.) skrifys gans Ray cothes war hagar awel, ha nagew rag an EDWARDS. Dcr ober K. D. L. siudhy- kensa trevath. Ema radn a hoola. ha kelly oryon tramor re gavas skians avonsys an esperans wos hebma, en hanadga. “Tho nye yeth. An lytherennieth usys yn dyllans bre- dizwreis!” Whathe, nagew ew hebma vor tonek an dyskansow K. D. L. a vydh Kemowean thaa... Rag fra era nye Stella Kernewek Kemmyn. An Vretonyon a dirria vei pobell pe nagew drevan pydgia alias dyski yethow keltek crell der aga derage pub droglam? yeth, rag ensampel : Kembrek po Gweer ew nag one bus dro tha dogans an Iwerdhonek ha lemmyn i a yll dyski cans an tregorian et agon owne glaze: Kernewek dre lyther gans Skol Ober dre whathe. hebma ew amplish a dale thene set- Vretonek ! Herwydh Skol Ober. profys tia worthan, en yuzia an ymaginacion nye. vydh an dyskansow dhe sludhyoryon yn Ma nevra edn vor bennag. Thera ve del'ya Asrann Geltek Pennskolyow Roazhon Ema deaw enapp lha haze an bobell rina eze a ry aman. Gernuack: a an niel te we. thone parthy a gon (Rennes) ha Brest mes ynwedh dhe Devezalena, an Curnowean a dale boaz Vretonyon erell tennys gans yeth aga vurrow coath. Onen gon cootha lavarow brederes, heb gara an vor goath en mar vear henderwi tramor! Pella derivadow dhi- coath ew Comeer weeth na ra why gara an drew hebma feer, whathe pub ere en teshava worth: SKOL OBER. Gwaremm \■•or goath ra an vor noweth! Rag nagew daa fatal gwella o hunnen, po mendia. Hag en Leurvaen. 22 310 PLUFUR, BREIZH / gena nye an nowedgans, car drc hevol. kever oil an deez onkethna eze abera than BRETEN VYGHAN. E-Bost: Mor te why ha requyria nebun Kernow tha derrgow rye, gwell vel yuzia angye vel eskar Jose CALVETE. gweel nab peath rago en suya an towle why, veath wheelas fatal o dry angye war goye, ha Summary e vedn gorriby metessen, “Nag era nye lon- gweel nothans Kemowean aweath. pecarra Formerly Breton speakers could leant gia tha e weel andelha!" Ha nenna e vedn nye; rag kens lebben etho nye oil sortow Celtic languages but only Welsh and conteras rowle e hunnen. ha gunnes en vor teez, ew devethes athor na oren nye pelle an Irish through their own tongue but from ew cooth tha eve, ha dry rag why an peath o kensa dalla. September 2000 they will also be able to requires geno, whathe hebma ell boaz nebbas Gothe thene pedery America, Australia ha leant Cornish! Skol Ober. well known for kene dro quaches gena why, ha pelha ages Zealand Noweth, pubonen edn bobell its correspondence courses has decided hedna, dres lycklaud tabm gwell pedercs! noweth ha bewack, gwreis aman a leeas def­ to publish the translation o f the Cornish En contrary part, enapp orol an frans teez. ha pezeal voye ere lha thurt hedna! languages courses "Kernewek Dre Kemowean ethcw driggans yuzia an ymagi- Nye a dale thene comeras an tregorian Lyther" of Ray EDWARDS. These cours­ nacion angye, nevra parres tha wheelas gwell noweth abera tha besow gon hunnen, ha es have enabled students outside vor, tha descotha peath noweth, po tha gweel nothans teez nye. Nageze kene vor a Cornwall to acquire a good knowledge of desmiggia kene menes pokene tha gawas dirria vel pobell greav ha besy. the language. eysia vor drcth fangla nebun gidgy cudnick. Pe na veath hebma gwreis, nenna seer According to Skoi Ober the courses Dar! Ra nye hanwall gossawk leb reeg lowar nye ra merwall eker vel Kemowean. will be proposed to students of the Celtic desmiggia an cawdarn gwasg-euhall ha an Richard Gendall Department of Roazhon/Rennes locomotive lane? Rag Rechat Trevithick ez University and to Bretons interested in desmiggias angye. Ellen nye creia drazzack Imagine and Survive the language of their cousins beyond the leb reeg descotha potassium, strontium, mag­ Cornish people have two main sides to Channel. nesium ha barium? Rag Umfre Davy an their nature: cautious and conservative on gwreeg. Hag arta, an gwase reeg descotha an one hand, keeping to the old road, but by planant Neptune. Jooan Couch Adams, nago contrast, on the other hand adventurous and eve diskeans! inventive. They have proved their ability to Yma Kernow ow tifuna wortiwedh. Ha rima, nag ens buz part bean. adapt by their very survival over a period of Ym taklow dhe les ow hwarvos: A'n ely Rag ema moye edn lavar coath: Neh na more than two thousand years. Faced with tenewenn, Soedhek an Yeth a vydh gare e gwayne. coll res teff a! Eah, nye a ve the decline of our traditional industries, we must endure as before, making a life for our­ dewisys, ow sywya omnia patron gwridnias meaz mezan teer nye edn bownas Manow. Yndella ni a'gsn bydh goes selves. using our energies and imagination, nangew hunt tha dewvil vlethan. rag tho nye yowynk a-ji dhe'n movyans. Yn ket- and overcoming by taking the initiative and auncient bobell, dreth deffrans menes. en termyn an bobel y‘n stret a re aga lev yn drawing newcomers into our own circle, not bewa tliurt an gweale keffres ha thurt an unn dhervynn Seneth Kernow. - taklow- a making enemies of them. This is the only way praze ha thurt an oon: ma keves genen gon alisa bownas thurt pusgetsha (ha an Kemowean to survive viably as Cornish people. Kernow bys Vykken Cornish - Cornwall for Ever! This is the bilingual title of what is really a Greek and Celts very nice, glossy, full-colour book prepared for the millennium and distributed to the Book 1 ^ i e w s children in Cornish schools. It is in a way a product of the establishment but contains Dear Madam, Wc in the South-West' have been ordered some account of Cornwall’s real history and It was with great sorrow that I read of to accommodate thousands more migrants some use of the language. the passing of Alan Heusaff, in Carn from the North and East of England, but at To cap it all, the Duke of Cornwall (alias 108. I was most grateful to Mr Heusaff least children in Cornish schools will be able Prince Charles) wrote a forward in which he for his fine review of my book "Greek to learn something of the language. A fund­ refers to Cornwall as a 'country’ (sic) and and Celt's" in Carn some time ago. ing agreement has been made by the not the preferred English 'county'! The Pentland Press Limited are at the 'County' Council, which will provide for a moment working on my second book Language Officer for Cornwall. His duties "The Greeks and Cells. Book I”, which will include ensuring that every school intro­ will be published next February, at Stg duces the Cornish language to its pupils. Up South Croft tin mine £14.95, pp 120-140. to now. this-has only been the case in a hand­ Chapter I: Continues and enlarges on ful where the head-teacher or governors have A consortium called Baseresult has the description of the Greek and Celt’s made a local effort. We hope this will ensure exchanged contracts for a scheme that should civilization covered in "Greek and a supply of young blood into the movement. eusuie reopening this mine. Celt's", contrasting it with that of the Some might go on to follow the example The cheers were still echoing when the Norsemen. of the lively and youthful dancers o f‘Tan ha leaders of the 'Southwest' RDA. (Regional Chapter 2: Examines the Greeks, Dowr’ who have performed in Europe and development Agency) which consists of Britons, Goidels and compares the three America and have lately had great success at bureaucrats directly appointed by New stages of Celtic civilization with the Lorient. Along with other groups, they have Labour in Westminster) declared that they Greek Ionians. Athenians and Dorians. ensured that (here are several recent CDs of intended to use compulsory purchase to Chapter 3: This chapter ‘Greek and good Cornish music, some featuring the suc­ thwart this enterprise! Celtic Epic’, endeavours to show that the cessfully revived Cornish Bagpipes. brilliant Greek Myconzin civilization is very like the civilizations of the Homeric Chartour Rag poems and shows the date of most (55%) Media exposure is still a problem: we have of the Greek Iliad to be c. 950 BC - the lost (temporarily?) a brief weekly Cornish same as the re-dating of the mid- item on one commercial channel, but a week­ Yethow Nebes Myconzin period by Peter James in ly news service continues on the BBC local Centuries of Darkness. Jonathon Cape. Radio Cornwall. 1992 (the conventional mid-Myconzim The biggest surprise of the year so far was Kewsys dale is 1300 BC). The date of the older undoubtedly a half-hour broadcast on ITV part of Lu-Tain B6 Ctialange is shown to (Carlton). ‘Tavaz an Beaz' (Taves an Bys) Dell wodhor. a-dhia mis Meurth sinys be before 600 AD. was a first, but we hope not the last! re beu an chartour rag yethow nebes The Breton language is shown to be The commentary and interviews were kewsys gans Sweden ha’n Rywvaneth descended from the ancient Gaulish lan­ almost entirely in Cornish, (the rest mainly in Unys! Derivys veu an nowodhow na yn guage and not brought in by incomers Breton). English was relegated to the subti­ mis Meurth yn pregoth yn Gwydhelek from SW Britain. Mr. Alan Heusaff tles! The film featured the experiences of a Alban lennys a-dherag senedh omren would have been pleased to read this. group. ‘Sacred Turf representing Cornwall Alban. Lemmyn. yn mysk broyow an Chapter 4: Greek and Celtic Myth con­ at the Interceltic Festival. Kesunyans Europek, nyns eus mamas trasts Greek and Celtic myth with that of Portyngal, Belgia. Itali. Pow Grek hag the Norsemen (see chapter I ). Iwerdhon na sinsons hwath an Chartour. To Order a copy contact: The Pentland Dew bow warn ugens yn Konsel Europa Press Limited. Hutton Close. South Politically, Mebyon Kernow is getting re sinas an Chartour, mes nyns eus mar- Church, Bishop Auckland. Durham ready a team of candidates for local and nas onan anedha a gyv kudynnow owth DLL4 6XG, England. General elections. By far the most important akordya an Chartour gans y gorf-lagha Brian O’Connell achievement, largely down to Dick Cole. kcncdhlck ha’n Chartour! Soweth. MK leader, has been a series of meetings and aswonnys yn ta yw an pow mu gans an the founding of the Cornish Constitutional Vretonyon! Convention. With all-parly support, besides Jose CALVETE. other leading figures in local politics, a doc­ ument was signed demanding separate S u m m ary ' University for Cornwall regional status, and a separate assembly for In March, the Charter far lesser-used The question of the establishment of a Cornwall. A statement was signed by four of languages was signed by Sweden and the university in Cornwall has recommenced our MPs calling for a cross-party initiative U. K. It has still not been signed by some with a site at Trevogh near Penryn being to examine ways of achieving this goal. The o f the members of the European Union. proposed. This would be a particularly only absentee was Candy Atheron. our single Twenty-two members o f the Council of appropriate location for the Cornish uni­ Labour member. Europe have signed the Charter but only versity as it is very near the site of the for­ To give added weight to this demand a one country finds difficulties to harmo­ mer Glasney College where much of petition is being circulated with, at this nize it with its constitution. Alas' It is a Comweall’s mediavai literature was writ­ moment, over 12,000 signatures. very well known country by our Breton ten, before the establishment was friends! destroyed by the English.

Carn 15 Yernagh. Hug y lioar oik er saggyrtyn fer- gagh - as er Yernee elley. Va’n lioar soiet ayns Sostyn ny paganee as va reddyn scam- myltagh ayn nagh Ihisagh Yernagh eer loayrt Mannin mychione. Myr shen. va'n lioar hene currit ayns eebyrtys. Son y chooid smoo, er lhiam dy dooar y ‘sleih dooie’ y varriaght. Va bunnys ooil- ley’n lettyraght ayns Yernish mychione yn shenn seihll sauchey. Va Yernee (dy h- oikoil) cur ooashley da seihll va marroo han- Lettyraght Noa ny Celtiee nah ny goll magh ass. Foddee oo toiggal shen, agh va eabyn dy chroo stoo feer noa currit fo chosh. Ec y traa cheddin, va’n Tra va mee er laghyn seyrey ayns Gaillimh tyraght Vaarlagh dy ve sollagh as scammylt- reiltys Yernagh jannoo beg jeh ny thou- inleeaney. chionnee mee lioar feer vie ta agh, gollrish lettyraght ny somaigyn. As va saneyn dy Yernee va eginit faagail y enmyssit ‘The prose literature of the Gaelic kuse jeh’n ‘sleih dooie’ laccai goll erash Ghaeltaght as buill elley dy gholl gys keeadyn dy vleeantyn as goaill ymmyd jeh’n Revival, 1881 - 1921’, liorish Philip America. Sostyn as cheeraghyn elley. Screeu Yernish ‘ghlen’ va ry gheddyn eisht! Agh, O'Leary, va currit magh ec yn ollooscoill- Myles na gCopaleen ‘Yn Beeal Boght’, lioar son y chooid smoo. va’n ‘sleih dooie’ as ny steat ayns Pennsylvania ayns 1994. Shoh yn aitt ta craidey mysh ny cooishyn shoh. Ayns sorch dy lioar la mee shirrey rish bleeaniyn ‘jeianee’ ayns coardailys dy begin daue y lioar shoh, ta meer raad ta politickeyr dy liooar. Va mee rieau gindys mychione y goaill ymmyd jeh Yernish y phobble myr mooar cheet voish Divlyn sy ghleashtan ehooish shoh: va'n eab dy aavioghey v'eh. ga dy row doilleeidyn ayn kyndagh rish stoamey echey. Ta possan dy Ghaelgeyryn Yernish feer, feer scanshoil er aghi polilick- tree fo-ghlaraghyn. boghtey goll er chymsaghey ry cheilley dy agh. Ren yn eab shoh cooney dy niarlal dy Er y lauc elley, va ny ‘jeianee’ geearree croo chlashtyn loayrtys y dooinney scanshoil ghreinnaghey Yernee dy irree magh ayns letlyraght va dellal rish y seihll jeianagh. 1916 as lurg shell va steal Yernagh currit er Chammah’s lettyraght ayns Baarle. v'ad shoh. Ta'n dooinney mooar greinnaghey ny bun. Agh. ny yei shen as ooilley. ga dy vel geearree jannoo studeyrys er lettyraght ayns Gaelgeyryn boghtey dy loayrt yn chengey lioaryn-shennaghys gimraa Conradh na chengaghyn elley. gollrish Frangish, Ghaelagh ny lomarcan, dy ennal aer Gaeilge {Gaelic League) as gra ere cho scan­ Germaanish as Rooshish. Ec y traa cheddin, Gaelagh, dy smooinaghtyn er aghtyn shoil as v’eh kecad blein er dy henney, va paart jeh ny ‘jeianee’ gra dy begin goll Gaelagh - Gaelagh. Gaelagh car y traa. Ta s’goan y fys la ry gheddyn mychione let- erash hoshiaght as goll er-oi lurg shen tra Gaelgeyryn ennagh luittym sheese marroo tyraghl ayns Yernish ec y traa shen as s’goan veagh undinys fondagli jeant son lettyraght kyndagh rish accrys as ta'n fer scanshoil goll y fys mychione ny reddyn va olteynyn y jeianagh ayns Yernish. Va Padraic O Conaire erash gys e heihll Baarlagh ayns Divlyn. Chonradh cur geill da. Ta'n lioar shoh feer fer jell ny ‘jeianee’ as v’eh siane ayns foayr Keayrt dy row ayns Lerpoyll ayns brastyl-oie foaysagh er y fa dy vel eh curri: da ny jell screcu mychione cooishyn nagh row Yernish, ten mee gimraa yn lioar shoh, 'Yn cooishyn shen. As foddec dy vel eh Irudishoonagh. cooishyn veagh cur yn oik dy Beeal Roght’. Va shenn Yernagh sy vrastyl cowreydagh (significant) dy row y lioar shoh bollagli er ymmodee Yernee - erskyn oilley va cho corree as dy ren eh faagail y brastyl, currit magh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as er yn Agglish Chatoleagh. Agh eer eshyn. bunnys. Sntooinee eshyn dy row' y lioar noi cha nee ayns Pobblaght Nerin, raad t’eh fas- myr red strateyshagh (strategic), v'eh ayns ny Yernee! As shen y doilleeid. Shegin dooin sanagh dy yannoo beg jeh ashoonaghys foayr jeh ‘... troggal boalley mygeayrt Nerin! cur arrym da’n chenn seihll as croo lettyraght Yernagh as dy ghra dy row Padraig Mac Boalley jeih cubit as feed eryrjid .... cha jin noa ec y traa cheddin. Er lhiam dy vodmayd Piarais myr fashislagh keoi va rieau gccarree nins Ihiggey da un eie cheet stiagli veih’n jannoo shen, agh cha bee eh aashagh. ourallyn-folley. Son shickyrys, cha daink leihll cheu-mooie.’ Va O Conaire laccai shoh Brian Stowell Nerin dy ve ny cheer seyr as tailnyssagh myr myr coadey shallidagh gys veagh cultoor as Summary va Righi Irree Magh 1916 jerkal. Agh cha lettyraght Ghaelagh lajer ec ny Yernee Endangered languages face the problem of nod y Ioghi ve currit er Mac Piarais as e reesht. Agh va sleih elley laccai boalley creating a new literature which deals hon­ chumraagyn son shen. As fegooish Irree beayn mygeayrt Nerin dy ’reayll ee ’glen'. estly with the world today but does nor rub­ Magh 1916. cha beagh y Tiger Celtiagh ayn, Myr shen, myr ta Philip O'Leary jeeaghyn bish past traditions. mie ny sie. dooin. ny keayrtyn va sleih sy daa phossan Ta’n lioar shoh jeeaghyn dooin dy vel y smooinaghtyn er yn aghi cheddin as ny doilleeid cheddin ec ooilley ny Celiiee as, dy keayrtyn va caggey jeean ayn. Va Padraig jarroo, ec gagh pobble as chengey oc va/ta Mac Piarais ayns possali ny ‘jeianee’. agh ny goll sheese y liargagh. Dy chroo lettyraght yei shen screeu eh stoo dy liooar ayns Fifth Volume on noa sy chengey ain, jeanmayd croo letlyraght Yernish va cooie da'n ‘sleih dooie’. Foddee ta undinit sy leihll t’ayn nish ny sy leihill ta v’eh goaill aggie roish cur yn oik er ny thou- Place-Names er ngoll shaghey? As my ta shin reili yn seih- saneyn dy loayrtee dooghyssagh va ayn ec y The latest volume of Place-names of II t’ayn nish, jean shen cur yn oik er shenn traa shen. Agh ayns ‘An Claidheamh Soluis’ sleih nagh vel slane ayns foayr jeh aa- (‘Yn Cliwe SollyslT) - earishlioar Chonradh the Isle of Man, Sheading of Middle, by vioghey’n chengey? Myr v'eh rieau (as shen na Gaeilge - va Mac Piarais mennick dy Gaelic language scholar Dr Broderick myr t’eh foastagh. agli cha nel y caggey cho liooar soie ormo nagh row agh kinjagh has just been published. jeean as v'eh) va daa phossan ayn ayns Nerin screeu as loayrt mychione seihll va geddyn The book is available through Yn mysh keead blein er dy henney. Ta ughtar y baase eer sy lliing echeysyn. Cheshaght Ghailckagh (the Manx lioar shoh, O'Leary, gra ‘nativists’ ('sleih Bunnys keead blein er dy henney. screeu Language Society) at the special price of dooie’) as ‘progressives’ (‘jeianee’) roo. Padraic Ó Conaire oorskeeal enmyssit £40 (half the publisher’s price). Purchase Va’n ‘sleih dooie’ geearree freayll magh let- ‘DeoraiochC (‘Eebyrtys’). Ta'n oorskeeal can be arranged by contacting Dr Brian soie! ayns Lunnin as ta’n sleih ayn quaagh dy tyraght joarree as Ihiantyn rish skeealyn ny Stowell. E-mail [email protected]. cheerey as skeealyn yn theay. Erskyn ooil­ liooar. Ta cooishyn syn oorskeeal nagh vod ley. va kuse jeh'n ‘sleih dooie’ coontey let- oo feddyn ayns pargys eonrieugh er y cheer Manx Medium Unit in 2001?

Government is being urged to establish a Gaelic Medium School unit by Sheshaght ny Paarantyn (Parents for Gaelic Medium Education). So far. informal talks have taken place with the Department of Education and interested parties. Parents of children who are or have been attending (he very successful Mooinjer Veggey Manx pre-school play-groups are providing the impetus for these proposals. Sheshaght ny Paarantyn is confident that a unit could be established by next September and have been promised the support of suffi­ cient teachers to make this possible. Pupils of Mooinjer Veggey at work and play Children who have been attending Mooinjer Veggey and began full-time educa­ tion (his September have been offered a half­ New Tax Initiatives of the past 40 years have handed the over­ day each week at a Manx medium unit. This whelming responsibility for indirect taxa­ will provide at least some continuity until a tion back to the UK and so the impact to full-time unit is a reality. - Is Mann heading Manx people’s personal income will be C.J.K. very small. The intention of these propos­ for Blacklist? als is, when studied, a combination attempt On 20t.h June 2000. »he Isle of Man gov­ to stop existing low-tax related business ernment's Treasury Minister, Richard leaving for jurisdictions with more deci­ Corkill MHK, announced intentions to sive policies in relation to OECD / EU (the make significant cuts in income tax from standard line of “keeping a watching brief” Infirmity of 15%/20% down to !0%/15%. In his speech is wearing too thin for many companies) to the Tynwald, he claimed a £108 million and, on the other hand, to attract yet more surplus of tax receipts over budget over the before the OECD, EU clamps down. Purpose on previous three years i.e. approximately £39 This in turn, despite unsupported claims million per year. to the contrary by the Treasury Minister, Waste This, in what is already a low-tax econ­ will attract even further hostile scrutiny omy, clearly demonstrates a high level of from the OECD and the EU over ‘'harmful” economic activity and surely no govern­ tax practices. The government is still red­ Mann faces a serious crisis in how ment should ever over-tax its population. faced about the Isle of Man being included to dispose of increasing amounts of Nonetheless, it has been a long stated on a current OECD “greylist” of tax havens public waste, relying for the most part intention of the Isle of Man government to and there is every reason to suppose that on landfill. achieve sufficient levels of reserves to sus­ this will make matters worse. Government's waste management tain the country for at least six months, and Mr. Curkill is in a “Catch 22“ situation. strategy, which gives priority to re­ this was tentatively suggested to be a pre­ If he does not commit to competitive, low use, composting and recycling, has cursor to true independence. As far as I can tax policies at tlte moment, trade may easi­ not been embraced in a wholehearted ascertain from the figures I have available, ly move elsewhere under the buoyant con­ fashion. Rumour that paper waste this is still not the case and the government ditions. If he actually implements it, the has been dumped in landfill, after the is currently committed to several very high Isle of Man will likely end up on an OECD public has made the effort of taking it cost capital projects (new hospital, inciner­ blacklist and be forced either reverse the to recycling collection points, rein­ ator. sewage treatment scheme plus oth­ strategy or face economic ring-fencing. forces that view. ers), which will wipe out that surplus In the final analysis, of course, the pro­ Over the past decade the debate overnight. On top of that, and in keeping posals need not be implemented. Is the has flared from time to time over gov­ with other European governments, we lace announcement of these proposals a simple ernments’ (past and present) favoured method of dealing with the a state pensions crisis in the future if the gamble to soothe the finance industry and problem - incineration. funds are not increased. The Isle of Man pack a few more in before an economic Environmentalists and the public government has already raided the downturn? Is it. as Mec Vannin suggested are deeply concerned about the risks National Insurance Fund for capital pro­ in “Yn Pabyr Seyr." simply an uct of des­ to health that incineration poses. jects and the legality of this is highly ques­ peration? Government seems almost to regard tionable. Whatever transpires, it will not benefit incineration as inevitable, probably The lengthy debate that finally resulted the now substantially minoritsed Manx because members have been talking in a total of approximately £140,000 being people, our rapidly vanishing culture or our about it for ten years. This may awarded to survivors of Japanese PoW shattered national psyche. explain the lack of action and commit­ camps is not reflective of a government (Mr. Cork ill's speech to Tynwald may ment to make its own waste strategy that has an excess of £108 million to spend. be viewed in full at the Isle of Man gov­ work. Most ordinary Manx people’s tax bur­ ernment web-site: http://www.gov.itn) C.J.K. den is the indirect one and the governments M.K. Forum Breizh is Celtica Ready for a Wide Reflection The dreadful events in Brittany during the last weeks of May brought Forum Breizh to wonder about: E ditorial - on the one hand, the backward state of Brittany in particular, and French Our aim - A Celtic Confederation! Regions in general, in the current development in Europe towards a gen­ As we near the end of the millennium the Dail and the Northern Assembly must be eralisation of regional autonomy. each of the Celtic nations stands in a differ­ drawn into the same overall British frame­ Obviously, this backwardness is a ent position culturally and politically, with work. While its powers are quite weak this source of strain and frustration that considerable gains having been made in however is the basis for its inception in the could be erased by an aggressive insti­ some and others facing greater threats. context of the Westminster Government’s tutional policy, in the image of the On the general political front both the Scottish and Welsh experiments. plans for devolution within the UK. The Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly - on the other hand, the lack, on the intention then is not to expand the freedom are pushing at the borderlines of their insti­ political level, of any real reforming of the Celtic countries but rather to set tutions. In Brittany, the French seem bent on and moderate movement, truly repre­ a policy of repression, intimidation and boundaries for them while maintaining con­ sentative of Breton society. This trol of the overall framework. absence, due to forty years of repeated calumny as their only answer to a vibrant failures of various ideologically It can indeed be said that this institution is Breton cultural, if not political, movement. marked initiatives, opened the door to Kemow is threatened with absorption into remarkably like the Britannic Federation extremism and to excesses of all kinds. an English south western region. In Mannin proposed some decades ago. As such of In the light of these observations. the final step to independence is still a mat­ course there can be no real welcome from Forum Breizh keenly wishes to initiate a ter of vigorous discussion. In Ireland unusu­ the Celtic League for a body so constituted. wide reflection in this decade, which al developments and concessions by repub­ Indeed to adopt any such stance would be wouid include all those involved in the licans have seen the Assembly and North- political, social, cultural and institutional in total contradiction to the League's consti­ South bodies functioning again. spheres in order to compare everyone’s tution which aims for a Celtic Confederation A corollary of the Good Friday Agreement, point of view and position. This could which should only be seen as an interim inclusive of Breizh and Kernow and without take the shape of a convention, Forum Breizh sees the possibility of transcend­ step on the way to full disengagement of any controlling influence from England [or for that matter, France]. Neither should ing political quarrels, in order to define a English involvement in Irish affairs, is the new framework for Bretons and so-called Council of the Isles or to give it its Parliaments nor Assemblies for the Celtic Brittany’s future. correct name, the British - Irish Council. In nations be put on any par with devolved For a number of years, a systematic view of some misconceptions with regard to régionalisation in England. and coordinated campaign has been con­ this body it is desirable to reflect on its Let us hope that as the Scottish ducted to denigrate several symbols of nature, derivation and function. Parliament and the Welsh Assembly flex Breton Identity (TV-Breizh. Oils for It is a consultative body, which is intended Breton Language. Gwenn ha Du. etc...), their muscles these bodies will move quick­ to meet only twice a year. Its introduction against several prominent figures dedi­ ly to full independence and see the advan­ into the Northern settlement was at the cated to Brittany (Yann Poilvet, Lena tage of the Celtic League model. In the behest of Unionists. They saw this institution Louam) and against Breton editorial pro­ as a counterbalance to the North-South co­ meantime the Celtic League must aid ductions. This campaign is currently relayed by operation bodies. In other words, if there Kernow and Breizh in their struggles even more and promote our aims and model with some institutions, such as the Conseil were to be bodies which would assume cer­ General du Finistère, which raises ques­ tain powers on an all Ireland basis then both increased vigour. tions about the place of the Breton lan­ guage and culture within its own cultural policy. Facing this harmful and disturbed cli­ Oswestry, Lhuyd became familiar with the mate, encouraged by some individuals, Memorial to other Celtic languages and his was the only Forum Breizh: academic account of Cornish written while - denounces this campaign, which Edward Lhuyd Cornish was still a natural community lan­ makes leading figures within the guage. His work on Cornish alone in his Breton (identity) movement feel guilty, as a deliberate act to minimise Archaeolgia Briiannica has proven commissioned the value of the Breton language and immensely valuable to modem students. culture. Yet his grave in Oxford is unmarked and - Points out that censors curiously seem A memorial has at last been commis­ there is no monument to him in Wales. to be far more fussy with Breton sioned for F.dward Lhuyd (1660-1709), the However the Centre for Advanced Welsh Material than with more classical pioneering Welsh Celticist whose work ai and Celtic Studies in Aberystwyth has fields. Forum Breizh therefore won­ the University of Oxford, England, marked commissioned a sculpture by the sculptor ders: “Is there a joint effort here to the beginning of modem Celtic studies John Meirion Morris to provide finally a freeze the current harmonious develop­ since it was he who ‘rediscovered’ the link monument to one of Wales’s most distin­ ment of Breton identity?” Yann Jcstin between the Brythonic and Goidelic lan­ guished scholars. Courtesy Breizh-Info guage groups. A native of Llanforda near RapT Ireland and Western Britain from the western Mediterranean; and ’Class A’ pottery from the Levant and North Africa (probably Europe’s Forgotten Celts Carthage), in the period AD 460-700. These were essentially imports from the Byzantine world. The pottery almost certainly con­ Despile speaking a Latin derived lan­ The makers of these beakers are shared tained wine: essential in manuscripts, liturgi­ guage, modern day Galicians claim to be tanged copper daggers and awls and wide cal practices and artistic motifs. The route Cells on die grounds shat the ancient Gallaeci hull axes. There are also sun-discs and taken by these imports has been disputed. were Celts. They also point to the strong cul­ lunulae (crescent moons) in Iberia showing But, given that the pottery types have not tural continuity, aside from language, which Irish influence. Swords, axes, meat hooks been found on the continent, then this is a has characterised the Galician community and cauldrons of the Late Bronze age are yet over more than two thousand years. another shared feature. Bronze Age rock art. strong indication that they came in directly Incorporated into the Roman Empire by based on cups and rings, is common to by sea - along the Atlantic seaways. This in Julius Caesar in 61 BC. the Roman hold on Ireland. Scotland, northern England and turn gives strong support to the argument Galicia seems, nevertheless, to have been Galicia. The abstract motifs in Donegal that the manuscripts and other items of a precarious. For the Romans built a string of appear in practically the same proportions as strongly Byzantine character, also came legionary fortresses - at Astorga, Leon and they do in Galicia. along that route, as part of the same cargo, or Braga - to keep the Galicians in check. The During the 'Dark-Ages’ there was a fresh series of cargo. comparison that springs to mind is with Celtic influx to Galicia, represented by the The Byzantine reconquered southern western Britain, which, while also technical­ ecclesiastical see of Britonia on the north­ Spain in 55 I - nineteen years before the first ly part of the Empire, was held by fortresses east coast. As its name suggests this was an mention of Britonia. and ten years before Lhe at Exeter. Caerleon and Chester. Just as area setlled by British Celts during the conversion of the Sueves to the Catholic fold Anglo-Saxon invasions, part of the same out­ much of the old life lingered on in the - and remained there until 624. The picture, uplands beyond Exeter, so too did it linger on pouring that produced Brittany. which begins to emerge, is of Celtic in the mountains beyond Astorga. This con­ Representatives of Britonia were mentioned tinuity is represented by the Castro culture. The castro culture emerged around the eighth century BC and lasted, vestigially. until the eighth century AD. Amongst the most impressive surviving sites are those at Coana in Asturias and Borana on the coast north of Vigo, in Galicia. Borana combines structural features, such as the massive 6 metre thick terraced enclosing wall, calling to mind Dun Aongusa in the Aran Islands or Dun Beag on the Dingle peninsula, lot exam­ ple. Its physical setting is similar to the promontory forts of Cornwall, such as the Rumps and Guinard Castle; or Lostmar'ch and Cap Sizun in Brittany. Many of the buildings at Borana are circular in plan. But it lacks the truly rectangular building plans of Briteiros and many other sites; however, many are sub-rectangular with rounded cor­ ners. evoking the old long houses of western Ireland and Highland Scotland. These round­ ed corners were designed to deflect the wind. San Isidro, at San Martin de Oscos, has a stone ehevaux de fries (upturned angular Rectangular and round buildings. Castro Coana. Asturias stones, closely set and designed to impede attackers) protecting its enclosing wall. This also recalls the arrangement at Dun Aengus. at the Church councils of Braga (AD 572), Catholics in Ireland and western Britain Interestingly enough. Irish tradition main­ Toledo (AD 633. 646 and 653) and Braga establishing a presence in northern Iberia to tains that the Gaels came from Galicia, hav­ again (in 675); so we know of its existence secure their maritime links with fellow ing set out from Brigantium - now Betanzos for over a period of roughly a century. Its Catholics in the Mediterranean, who had a Dos Cabaleiros - under the leadership of the first mention occurs a little later than the date toehold in southern Spain. of the conversion of the Suevi. the Germanic sons of Milesius (or Golamh) and the sons of A major indication of continuity between rulers of Galicia, to Catholicism in AD 561 Brogan. Modern archaeologists scoff at these ancient and modem Galicia - and of ancient traditions. Yet. there is evidence of contact (and before the conversion if the Arian Visigoths in 589); and its last mention contact with the islands to the north - is sug­ between Iberia and Ireland in prehistory. gested by the presence of round houses. Both regions share megalithic peculiarities, belongs to the generation before the Arab Archaeologists have for long recognised that which, as one leading authority puls it. 'can­ invasion of Iberia in 711. there are two house traditions in Europe: the not be explained by mere cultural conver­ Britonia was, clearly, thriving from the long house and the round house. The former gence.’ Amongst these are the big stone later sixth century and throughout the sev­ seems to have come in from Anatolia along basins in the chambers of some passage enth century. This was also the period during graves. Maritime Beakers extend from the which what is referred to by archaeologists the Danubian corridor; the latter along the Rhine through Scotland and Ireland to Iberia. as B-class’ pottery, was being imported into Atlantic seaways. Round, conical roofed Europe’s Forgotten Celts (Continued ) Celtic Art Christmas Cards Peace on Earth houses remained dominant in Irelund and Shee er y tallo [ManxI Celtic Britain until the middle ages: as the Air Talamh sith [Gàidlilig] Palloza. they have survived in Galicia until Siochâin ar Talamli (Irish/ the present time. Until the 1950s Pallozas re bo cres tn nor /Cornish/ were the prevailing form of human habita­ pecTi war are bad /Breton/ tion in rural Galicia. Like the thatched Irish Tangnefedd ar y ddaear / Welsh/ long house they are fast disappearing, although countless numbers remain. A par­ Our Celtic art Christmas cards are now ticularly rich area of survival is the Ancares, available. Many with greetings in all the the uplands iti the south east corner of Celtic languages. Stg. £5.50 for ten in U K. Galicia and extending into north-west Leon. Many cards are hand printed. All Most of the surviving structures are of rough envelopes are hand printed with Celtic stone construction, often set against a bank designs. or slope, with walls elbow or shoulder We also seek Celtic designers to design height. Many are now roofed in corrugated posters and Celtic greeting cards, which we iron. Pallozas can be oval as well as round: will produce. We print using the silkscreen still others are almost rectangular but with method. rounded ends — recalling the ancient struc­ Order from Northampton Connolly tures at the Castro de Borana. Association, 5 Woodland Avenue, The age-old contacts, which can be traced Abington Park. Northampton NN3 2BY. at least to the Bronze-Age and even the Tel. 01604-715793. Chalcolithic. between Galicia and the lands E-mail: [email protected] beyond the Bay of Biscay and the Celtic Sea are being renewed vigorously in our own time. One exciting manifestation of this is in the realm of folk-music. Galician musicians Prison for broadcasting have, for example, been much in evidence at A new language the Pan-Celtic music festival at Lorient for campaigner many years. Some would argue that Galician movement? Emyr Llywelyn, a member of Cyleh yr folk-music is even closer to Irish folk music laith. the movement leading the cam­ than Scottish music is. A shared perception Addressing a meeting during the paign against the extensive use of English of ancient links is certain to engender closer National Eisteddfod. Plaid Cymru assem­ and a substandard form of Welsh deliber security of those links and ultimately a betler bly member Cynog Dafis called for the ately interspersed with English words on understanding of them. establishment of a new organisation to supposedly Welsh-language television Given the above outline, to bar Galicia campaign for the Welsh language. It and radio, was sentenced to seven days from a fuller participation in the pan-Celtic should be a populisl movement, bridging prison on August I for refusing to pay a movement seems perverse. The main argu­ the gap between the local Mentrau laith fine for taking part in the movement's ment used against a fuller participation is the (which work to promote the language campaign of non-payment of the televi­ linguistic one, that Galician is not a Celtic locally in certain areas) and parents' sion licence. He said "1 accuse Radio language. But how many of the wider Celtic groups campaigning for more Cymru and S4C of undermining the family actually speak a Celtic language? Let Welsh-medium schools on one hand and efforts of all those who work hard teach­ us be honest, if present trends continue, only the more radical Cymdeithas yr laith on ing Welsh in schools and evening class­ Welsh has a fighting chance of survival as a the other. Cynog Dafis is one of the lew es.” community language. Before we erecl a har­ nationalists who do not yet believe in the rier between Galicia and the rest of us let it be necessity of a new language law. the borne in mind that it is only the existence of campaign for which is now the main pri­ Carmarthenshire a heroic minority of Celtic speakers in each ority for Cymdeithas. The Cymru branch of the other Celtic countries that qualifies the of the League, while welcoming any protesting continues vast majority of us as Celts. When a Celtic group who emerge to support the cause of In addition to their campaign for a new language dies does a Celtic identity die with our language, believe that it is something Language act Cymdeithas yr laith cam­ it? If so. then most Celts ought to be worried. of a Celtic malaise for national struggles paigned at the National Eisteddfod for the Or does something remain? A folk-spirit? to be weakened by a multiplicity of sepa­ removal of English Chief Executive of 1 would not dispute the primacy of the lan­ rate, often small, organisations working Carmarthenshire County Council under guages but none ought to feel excluded in the same field. Cymdeithas yr laith has whose influence the council has become because they cannot speak a Celtic language. existed as the main general Welsh lan­ an English-speaking authority in the Commitment to the Celtic cause is what mat­ guage movement for nearly 40 years, and county with the highest number of Welsh ters most. And that commitment can mani­ the fields in which it campaigns are speakers. A petition presented by fest itself in numberless ways. I hope that our restricted more by lack of manpower than Cymdeithas to council officials was idea of Celtisicm is big enough to be gener­ by any exclusivity. The language might refused. Cymdeithas members then past­ ous, welcoming, to value all those who see be better served by strengthening and ed copies of the petition to the council's themselves as children of the Celtic family - possibly broadening the existing organi­ stand and slogans were painted. Two and that includes those Galicians who regard sation than by trying to start afresh again. Cymdeithas members were arrested but themsel ves as Celts. Robat ap Tomos subsequently released without charge. Kevin Collins to cease their slanderous campaign Celtic Uftgue A aM against the Breton Movement, using tendentiously and viciously the position of part of the Breton Movement during World War 2 as an isolated issue with 2,000 no mention of the anti-Breton and colo- nialistic policy of the French Third This year s AGM was held in I he Mitre Hotel in Ramsey. Delegates from all the nation­ Republic. al branches attended with apologies from the American delegates who had to cancel plans to attend due to travel difficulties. ® This AGM of the Celtic League: 1 rintcd here Bre the i hyirnuin s opening remarks! Concerned that restrictions and obsta­ cles are continuously being put by the 'While the past year has been a productive one for the Celtic League, it was a traumatic French Department of education on the one with the death of Alan Ueusaff, founder member o f the League and our General progress being achieved in recent years Secretary for almost 25 years since its inception. He ensured, in its early decades, that the in the teaching of the Breton language League achieved support in all the Celtic countries. He gained recognition for it as a viable in schools. a>’d effective organisation concerned with ensuring that inter - Celtic activity and solidarity a) Wishes to express its rejection of the aided the struggles o f the Celtic countries for full freedom with the aim o f achieving a fed­ idea that the adoption and implementa­ eration o f free Celtic nations. Alan continued up to his death to play a very active role in the tion of the measures for the transmis­ League as International Secretary and in support of the Breton Branch. sion of the Breton language to the Let us remember him and those other League members who Iwve passed away in the last younger and future generation is depen­ year, Phillipe Le Seulliec and Blanche Green. ’ dant on the goodwill and decision of [There followed a minutes silence! any authority other than that of the democratically elected assembly repre­ The following resolutions were discussed phy of Gaidhlig and to recognise good senting the people to whom that lan­ and passed. practice in language planning interna­ guage belongs. tionally by ensuring that the new b) Calls on the Regional Council for ® This AGM calls on the Scottish Gaidhlig development infrastructure is Brittany to demand, of the French Executive to put measures of protection not centralised in the Western Isles but Government and Minister of Education, in place to protect historic battle sites, rather has strong and expanded repre­ the delegation of the powers required to this being as a result of Stirling Castle sentation in Scotland’s capital, the main ensure that an effective and adequate giving permission to build a housing cities and the Highland mainland in system of teaching Breton he estab­ scheme on the battle site of addition to the Western Isles. lished. Bannockburn. ® This AGM of the Celtic League: • This AGM of the Celtic League calls ® This AGM of the Celtic League: Recalling the concern of previous upon the Town and District Council of Demands that the Ministry of Defence AGMs of the Celtic League about the Saml-Aubin-du-Cormier and upon the increases the Flight avoidance zones risks posed to the Celtic coastlines by Departement Council of Ille-et-Vilaine around nuclear power stations from 2 to oil tanker spillage and being aware of to respect the historical site of the last 10 miles the devastating impact of the most battlefield for Breton independence Calls upon the Scottish Executive to recent Erika spillage off Brittany, calls which is shamefully planned for a waste support this demand. for the establishment of a European area. Marine Environment & Coastguard ® The AGM: Agency. • This AGM endorses the view, conveyed Endorses the moves announced by SNP by the Secretary General of the Celtic Shadow Minister for Gaidhlig, Michael • This AGM of the Celtic League: League to the French Ambassador to Russell MSP. to introduce a Bill in the a) Calls upon the Breton Regional Council London, that the "Pennal Letter” should Scottish Parliament to give secure sta­ to condemn the French Constitutional be returned to Wales permanently. tus to Gaidhlig. Council, which rejects all democratic aspirations (thereby encouraging • This AGM calls on the Irish government ® This AGM: extremism). (o give TGd a sound and secure basis in Notes that official Task Forces are b) Requests that the Breton Regional the Broadcasting Bill with adequate about to report on the future of Ghidhlig Council accept the demands of elected statutory and financial provision tor broadcasting and of the Gaidhlig devel­ Breton representatives. broadcasting in the Irish language with opment agencies and: the capacity to expand this. a) Expresses its concern at press reports ® This AGM of the Celtic League: that these Task Forces are to suggest Reiterates its call to the Breton • This AGM welcomes the continuing that most or all Government funded Regional Council and the Department international meetings between hurling Gaidhlig development agencies. Council of Loire-Atlantique to demand and shinty. We encourage Ihe Gaelic- Gaidhlig television production and that the French Government re-unify Athletic Association and An Gaidhlig related jobs which currently historic Brittany in line with the wishes Camanachd Association to maintain and exist on the Highland mainland. of the people made clear in recent opin­ expand, where possible on the interna­ Glasgow and Aberdeen be removed ion polls. tional fixtures and links. from the mainland and centralised in We also call on the associations to the Western Isles. ® This AGM of (he Celtic League: ensure widespread media coverage. The b) Urges the Scottish Executive and the Calls upon those Breton politicians, example set by the GAA and An UK Government to recognise the especially of the French left PS(F) and Camanachd Association should be fol­ national status and changing demogra­ PCF, reported in the French mass media lowed in the other Celtic countries. Celtic League AGM (Continued from page 21)

• This AGM of the Celtic League: Calls lor recognition of Kemow and Breizh in the Euro Soccer Championships and calls on the Soccer authorities in all the Celtic countries to support the bid to have the Euro Soccer Championships in 2008 hosted in the Celtic countries.

• This AGM: Recalling the decision of the 1999 AGM in respect of the failure to recognise the status of Breizh and Kemow under the provisions of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages. Endorses the conclusions of The Cornislt National Minority Report and expresses its support for the campaign to have the United Kingdom government recognise that the Cornish are a national minority for the purposes of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Seamus Philbin I Alba), Jcikez Derouet (Breizh). Mark Kermode (Asst. Gen. Sec.) and Bernard Moffatt (Gen. Sec.) at the AGM in Ramsey. • This AGM of the Celtic League calls upon the Isle of Man government to: and further, urges the Department of gaols in the United Kingdom on the a) Acknowledge that, remembering Mann Education to use the opportunity pre­ basis that it is both a breach of the is an island nation wh£re the frustrated sented by the forthcoming Education European Convention on Human home-seekers’ only option is emigra­ Bill to enshrine in law, the right of each Rights and the European Prison Rules. tion. the cumenl housing crisis is creat­ and every' chiLd in Mannin to leam their ing a social problem, namely an exodus own language, culture and history. of indigenous Manx people in the face • This AGM recognises that in the all-per­ of the ‘financial clout’ wielded by a vasive monoglot English / French ® This AGM: worlds that dominate the Celtic coun­ recently immigrant, and relatively Calls upon the Manx government, via affluent, element of the population. It is tries the Celtic languages and cultures the Department of Local Government require long-term support for their sur­ those home-seekers who are less finan­ and the Environment, to bring those vival. cially advantaged (and therefore less Local authorities into line who have able to complete in the current housing ignored the Tynwald Resolution of This AGM urges the Manx market) i.e. the indigenous Manx peo­ 1985 in support of the Manx Language Government to establish a department ple, that are forced to leave. i.e. they have ignored the desire of of Government to support and promote b) Formulate and immediately implement Tynwald that all government bodies the development of Manx language and an action plan to relieve the present sit­ should use the Manx language where culture. Such department to be provided uation, caused by immigration, with practical to do so on signs, stationery with adequate funding. demand having so badly outstripped etc. supply of homes, both for rent and for • This AGM proposes that moves be set purchase. • This AGM: in motion to bring together the three c) Introduce legislation to curtail local and Calls upon the Department of groups of Celtic parliamentarians - the off-island corporate and private excess­ Education to institute an induction Tynwald, Oireachtas and the recently es in the field of property speculation course for all new teachers in Mannin formed Scots Irish inter parliamentary on Mannin. Such speculation when that ensures that they are familiar with body, providing the nucleus of a Celtic excessive is not only, given the limited and will suppon our linguistic, cultural Council type body. size of the IOM housing market, moral­ and political heritage. ly reprehensible but is also potentially • This AGM: an embarrassing money-laundering • This AGM: Condemns the forced removal, between instrument. Reiterates its call for an end to the levy­ 1966 and 1969. of the population of the ing of broadcast licence fees in the Isle island of Diego Garcia from their home • This AGM. whilst recognising the of Man on the grounds that program­ by the British and American govern­ progress made in certain areas of sup­ ming directed by the BBC into the Isle ments, as one of the most shameful port and promotion of the Manx lan­ of Man makes no provision for the dis­ examples of colonial exploitation. guage by the Manx government, calls tinct cultural identity of the Manx peo­ upon the Minister for Education to rein­ ple. Supports the campaign of the Islanders state the Manx language medium educa­ to both return to their island home and tion facilities, withdrawn by him, to the • This AGM: receive compensation from the British growing number of competent Manx Condemns the forced transfer of con­ government for their forced removal speaking children over the age of seven victed prisoners from the Isle of Man to and exploitation. Celtic League AGM (Continued) CELTIC CALENDAR 2001 ® This AGM. Reiterates the concerns expressed five years ago by the Celtic League, in the pamphlet Human Rights on ¡lie Celtic Fringe, in respect of the British. French and Irish governments. Calls for greater adherence to the prin­ ciples of International Human Rights Treaties via their incorporation, without amendment, into domestic law.

® This AGM. recognising the impact that military bases and exercise facilities lias had on Ihe Celtic countries, supports the campaign by Puerto Rican anti-mili­ tarists to close training and exercise facilities used by the United States on the Peurto Rican offshore island of Vieques An historical and mythological calendar representing the © This AGM: Celtic Year: November 1, 2000 to October 31, 2001 a) Being concerned about the ongoing violent struggle between the Spanish government and the Basque indepen­ dence movement ETA. urges the Celtic Calendar Celebrates 20th Edition United Nations and European Union to With the publication of the 2001 Celtic topics of Celtic interest at a variety of take initiatives to end the current con­ Calendar, the American Branch marks the venues in the US. Many contributors look flict within ihc Basque Country. twentieth anniversary of its niosi successful back on their years with the Celtic b) Believes that the resolution of conflict and enduring project. A special dedication Calendar. “It's been an education in itself," must inevitably hinge on self-determi­ commemorates the late Alan Heusaff, along recalls Stephen De Villo, whose researches nation for the Basque people. with the late Calendar patrons George since 1984 have helped boost Ihe number of Griffiths Moran and Eileen Campbell historical entries to over 900. © This AGM: Gordon, and Calendar artist Bcdiah Baird. The Calendar has also been the American Views with concern the resumption of Illustrated within by artists Mercs Van Branch's premier "calling card”, with the trade in reprocessed nuclear fuel Vlack and Maxine Miller, die cover of the copies routinely given to Celtic activists between the United Kingdom (BNFL) 2001 Calendar is a retrospective combining visiting the US. and copies mailed to Celtic and Japan (Kansai Electric). the work of several pasi Calendar contribu­ political prisoners. Copies are also sent to Supports the calls by Ireland. Mannin tors. leading Celtic activists and organizations in and the governments of Scandinavia for Since its modest beginnings in 1981, the America, introducing the Celtic League and Celtic Calendar has grown into a profes­ its message of inter-Celtic unity to a wide an end to reprocessing at ihe Sellafield sional production that has featured the svork nuclear plant. audience. of a number of American Celtic artists; The Calendar begins with the commence­ Condemns the disregard shown by the Patrick Wynne. Laurie Manifold, Mark ment of the traditional Celtic year on Japanese government and people to the Evans, Victoria Palmer. Patrick Gallagher, November 1st, and marks the dates of Celtic threat, which their nuclear trade with Geolf Davis, Brian Mbr. and many others. national holidays and traditional feast days. the United Kingdom poses to the envi­ Mercy Van Vlack is also a publisher of The name of each month is given in one of ronment, and peoples of the Celtic Dangerous limey, die graphic magazine the Celtic languages, along with a proverb countries. that features Vidorix the Druid, an adven­ from that language, and each month fea­ ture laic of Celtic history and lore written by tures an original illustration of a story or • This AGM of the Celtic League: Calendar contributor Alexei Kondratiev. theme from Celtic mythology, with an Condemns die LIK and French For some the calendar has proven to be explanatory caption. Copies of the 2001 Governments' decision not to recognise the springboard lo other achievements: Celtic Calendar are available from the Kernow and Breizh respectively under Hranna Jamo illustrated the Calendar short­ American Branch i r $|() US (US orders), die provisions of the "European Charter ly after graduating from New York's SI2 (Canada and the Celtic nations), or $13 for National Minorities". We also call Cooper Union, and has since gone on to (elsewhere). Please send payment either by upon the European Commission to re­ illustrating children’s books and doing money order or cheque drawn on a US bank examine the policy of allowing illustrations for the recent television series to: Celtic Calendar. 2973 Valentine Members States to define who should on Joseph Campbell. Alexei Kondratiev, Avenue. Bronx. NY 10458 USA. be recognised as a National Minority. whose expertise in Celtic languages and mythology has been crucial to the success Many of these resolutions have nl the Calendar, has recently published his American Branch Internet Site own book on the Celtic seasonal cycle. The already been progressed and will be www.celticleague.org reported on in future issues of Apple Branch, and frequently lectures on Carn. r I------1 i | Celtic League Internet Site j Membership and Ar Bed Keltiek Subscriptions | http://www.manxman,co.im/clcague/ | All those who agree with the conslitu- i tion and aims of the Celtic League are el i i On line books, records, Celtic e-mail General Secretary: ■ [email protected] gible for membership. The membership i art, fee (including Corn) and subscription i Kemper: 02.98.95.42.82 ! e-mail Assistant G.S. rates are IR £ 10; Stg£10; 100FF or 1 Brest: 02.98.44.05.38 [email protected] US$20.00 (US funds, cheques drawn on a ! http://www.arbedkeltiek.com US bank). 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