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Identity Processes and Dynamics in Multi-Ethnic Europe IMISCOE International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe

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Identity Processes and Dynamics in Multi-Ethnic Europe IMISCOE International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe imiscoe Westin, Bastos, Dahinden & Góis (eds.) Globalisation, migration and integration have shaken up identity processes and identity research dynamics as never before. But in a post-colonial, multi-ethnic Europe, what is identity? How is it constructed? This book endeavours to answer these questions and more. Eleven of the thirteen chapters present empirical case studies from the Basque Country, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Portugal – thus resulting in one of the first international volumes to highlight Portugal’s diverse and complex migration flows. Transnationalism also takes centre stage in several contributions that Identity Processes survey various types of informal and formal networks in local communities and across national borders. Via American studies, anthropology, cultural studies, ethnology, history, social psychology and sociology, the authors come from an array of disciplines and Dynamics in as dynamic as the continent about which they write. Charles Westin is a professor of migration and ethnicity studies at Stockholm University. Multi-Ethnic Europe José Bastos is an associate professor of anthropology at the New University of Lisbon. Janine Dahinden is a professor of transnational studies at the University of Neuchâtel, Charles Westin, José Bastos, where she is also director of the Center for the Understanding of Social Processes Identity Processes and Identity Processes Dynamics Europe in Multi-Ethnic Janine Dahinden & Pedro Góis (eds.) (MAPS). Pedro Góis is a lecturer in sociology and methodology in the faculty of fine arts at the University of Oporto and a researcher at the Centre for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra. “A welcome addition to current discussions tackling the question: how shall we all live together in Europe? As this volume illustrates, there is no one disciplinary approach, nor one single solution. Taken together, these essays advance our collective knowledge about intercultural relations – and perhaps take us some steps towards more positive ways of living together.” John W. Berry, Emeritus Professor of Psychology, Queen’s University, Canada “Combining theories of cultural change, representations, networks and identities, this volume offers an innovative comparison of situated studies. Westin and colleagues provide an outstanding source for students, researchers and policy leaders.” Steve Fenton, Professor and Senior Research Fellow, Department of Sociology and Centre for the Study of Ethnicity and Citizenship, University of Bristol, UK “Europe today is a multi-ethnic immigration continent in search of an umbrella identity of identities. This excellent book is an interdisciplinary eye-opener into these social, cultural and mental dynamics.” Klaus J. Bade, Chair, Expert Council of German Foundations on Integration and Migration, Berlin, Germany 978 90 8964 046 8 · .. A m s t e r d A m U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s Identity Processes and Dynamics in Multi-Ethnic Europe IMISCOE International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe The IMISCOE Research Network unites researchers from, at present, 25 institutes specialising in studies of international migration, integration and social cohesion in Europe. What began in 2004 as a Network of Excellence sponsored by the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission has become, as of April 2009, an independent self-funding endeavour. From the start, IMISCOE has promoted integrated, multidisciplinary and globally comparative research led by scholars from various branches of the economic and social sciences, the humanities and law. The Network furthers existing studies and pioneers new scholarship on migration and migrant integration. Encouraging innovative lines of inquiry key to European policymaking and governance is also a priority. The IMISCOE-Amsterdam University Press Series makes the Network’s findings and results available to researchers, policymakers and practitioners, the media and other interested stakeholders. High-quality manuscripts authored by Network members and cooperating partners are evaluated by external peer reviews and the IMISCOE Editorial Committee. The Committee comprises the following members: Christina Boswell, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom Tiziana Caponio, Department of Political Studies, University of Turin / Forum for International and European Research on Immigration (FIERI), Turin, Italy Michael Collyer, Sussex Centre for Migration Research (SCMR), University of Sussex, United Kingdom Rosita Fibbi, Swiss Forum for Migration and Population Studies (SFM), University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland / Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lausanne Albert Kraler, International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), Vienna, Austria Leo Lucassen, Institute of History, Leiden University, The Netherlands Jorge Malheiros, Centre of Geographical Studies (CEG), University of Lisbon, Portugal Marco Martiniello, National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS), Brussels / Center for Ethnic and Migration Studies (CEDEM), University of Liège, Belgium Patrick Simon, National Demographic Institute (INED), Paris, France Miri Song, School of Social Policy and Sociology, University of Kent, United Kingdom IMISCOE Policy Briefs and more information can be found at www.imiscoe.org. Identity Processes and Dynamics in Multi-Ethnic Europe edited by Charles Westin, José Bastos, Janine Dahinden and Pedro Góis IMISCOE Research Cover design: Studio Jan de Boer BNO, Amsterdam Layout: The DocWorkers, Almere ISBN 978 90 8964 046 8 e-ISBN 978 90 4850 631 6 NUR 741 / 763 © Charles Westin, José Bastos, Janine Dahinden and Pedro Góis / Amsterdam University Press 2010 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owners and the authors of the book. Contents Preface 7 1 Identity and inter-ethnic relations 9 Charles Westin 2 Jews in the Netherlands and their various ties with Judaism 53 Marlene de Vries 3 A streetcar named desire: lifestyle and identity of street kids in multi-ethnic Rotterdam 73 Flip Lindo 4 Discrepant perceptions on health and education issues in the Basque Country: del dicho al hecho… 99 Aitor Ibarrola-Armendariz 5 Are you who you know? A network perspective on ethnicity, gender and transnationalism: Albanian-speaking migrants in Switzerland and returnees in Kosovo 127 Janine Dahinden 6 From local inter-ethnicities to the dynamics of the world-system: identity debates between Portuguese and British Sunnis in Leicester 149 Susana Bastos 7 Introduction to a study of comparative inter-ethnic relations: the cases of Portugal and Britain 179 Nuno Dias 8 Frontier identity in Portugal and Russia: a comparative perspective on identity-building in semi-peripheral societies 197 Mário Artur Machaqueiro 6 CONTENTS 9 The Goan elites from Mozambique: migration experiences and identity narratives during the Portuguese colonial period 221 Marta Vilar Rosales 10 Identity, integration and associations: Cape Verdeans in the metropolitan area of Lisbon 233 João Sardinha 11 Cape Verdeanness as a complex social construct: analysis of ethnicity through complexity theory 257 Pedro Góis 12 Different children of different gods: a structural-dynamic approach to using religion in processes of differentiated social insertion 279 José Bastos 13 What are we talking about when we talk about identities? 313 José Bastos and Susana Bastos About the authors 359 Index 363 Preface This volume is the result of a coming together of social scientists repre- senting different academic traditions, disciplines and countries, and hence different approaches towards the issues at hand. The book evolved from workshops occurring within the IMISCOE Network of Excellence, in a cluster focusing on questions relating to inter-ethnic re- lations, identity, representation and discrimination. Discussion at these meetings concentrated on relations between national, ethnic, ‘racial’, re- ligious and cultural groups in diverse multi-ethnic societies. Inter-ethnic relations entail in some instances a focus on majority-minority relations in the nation-state. In others the focus is rather on relations between a native-born population and migrants with their descendants. In most of the current EU-27 member states, inter-ethnic relations apply to both majority-minority relations and to native-born-migrant relations. The cluster has met ten times since the start of IMISCOE (which as of April 2009, came to be called the IMISCOE Research Network). At the second workshop, held in Coimbra in 2004, it was decided that the subsequent work package would involve writing a book on identity questions in relation to inter-ethnic relations. At the Paris workshop in spring 2005, several papers constituting the core of this volume were presented and discussed. This work continued at workshops in Osnabrück in 2005, Lisbon in 2006, twice in Vienna in 2006 and in Stockholm in 2007. An editorial board consisting of José Bastos, Janine Dahinden, Pedro Góis and myself was appointed by the cluster at the Osnabrück confer- ence. The committee met at the cluster workshops and conferences but also separately in Stockholm in June 2006. Much of the editorial work was done by email. I would like to thank members of the editorial
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