DOCSLIB.ORG

The Evolution of Language Universals Optimal Design and Adaptation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Evolution of Language Universals Optimal Design and Adaptation University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2007 The Evolution of Language Universals: Optimal Design and Adaptation Turner, Huck http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1873 University of Plymouth All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. The Evolution of Language Universals Optimal Design and Adaptation Huck Turner A thesis submilled in partial fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Centre for Theoretical and Computational Neuroscience, University of Plymouth, UK. May, 2007 Jr.: vcrs^ycfPlj/mouth Library ':z :ri No. '""--.'.'mark Copyright © 2007 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood lo recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the author's prior consent. The Evolution of Language Universals Optimal Design and Adaptation by Huck Turner Abstract Inquiry into the evolution of syntactic universals is hampered by severe limitations on the available evidence. Theories of selective function nevertheless lead to predictions of local optimaliiy that can be tested scientifically. This thesis refines a diagnostic, originally proposed by Parker and Maynard Smith (1990), for identifying selective functions on this basis and applies it to the evolution of two syntactic universals: (I) the distinction between open and closed lexical classes, and (2) nested constituent structure. In the case of the former, it is argued that the selective role of the closed class items is primarily to minimise the amount of redundancy in the lexicon. In the case of the latter, the emergence of nested phrase structure is argued to have been a by-product of selection for the ability to perform insertion operations on sequences - a function that plausibly pre-dated the emergence of modem language competence. The evidence for these claims is not just that these properties perform plausibly fitness-related functions, but that they appear to perform them in a way that is improbably optimal. A number of interesting findings follow when examining the selective role of the closed classes. In particular, case, agreement and the requirement that sentences have subjects are expected consequences of an optimised lexicon, the theory thereby relating these properties to natural selection for the first lime. It also motivates the view that language variation is confined to parameters associated with closed class items, in turn explaining why parameter confiicts fail to arise in bilingualism. The simplest representation of sequences that is optimised for efficient insertions can represent both nested constituent structure and long-distance dependencies in a unified way, thus suggesting that movement is intrinsic to the representation of constituency rather than an 'imperfection'. The basic structure of phrases also follows from this representation and helps to explain the interaction between case and theta assignment. These findings bring together a surprising array of phenomena, reinforcing its correctness as the representational basis of syntactic structures. The diagnostic overcomes shortcomings in the approach of Pinker and Bloom (1990), who argued that the appearance of ^adaptive complexity' in the design of a trait could be used as evidence of its selective function, but there is no reason to expect the refinements of natural selection to increase complexity in any given case. Optimality considerations are also applied in this thesis to filter theories of the nature of unobserved linguistic representations as well as theories of their functions. In this context, it is argued that, despite Chomsky's (1995) resistance to the idea, it is possible to motivate the guiding principles of the Minimalist Program in terms of evolutionary optimisation, especially if we allow the possibility that properties of language were selected for non-communicative functions and that redundancy is sometimes costly rather than beneficial. Ill To Brett Jewell (1974-2001) for presenting me with a vision of my future, which I adopted as a template, a vision forged around a campfire and under a remote street lamp on a warm summer's night a long time ago. To Loretta Cadenaro for being prepared to take a bullet for me. And to Crimchy, a surprisingly well-fed stray cat. who recently taught me a thing or two about how natural selection works in practice. IV Contents ABSTRACT "I CONTENTS V LIST OF TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XI AUTHOR'S DECLARATION XIII PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS XIV L INTRODUCTION 1 2. SYNTACTIC UNIVERSALS 9 2.1 APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF UNIVERSALS 9 2. /. / The typological approach 9 2.1.2 The generative approach / / 2.1.3 The Mininialisi Program 2.2 LANGUAGE ACQUismoN 15 2.2./ Stages in language development /6 2.2.2 Creolisation and its implications /9 2.3 THE AUTONOMY OF GRAMMAR 23 2.4 SOME SYNTACTIC UNlVERSAl-S 28 2.4.1 Constituent structure 25 2.4.1.1 A brief review of ihe evidence 28 2.4.1.2 X-Bar Theory :-32 2.4.2 The lexicon •?7 2.4.3 Movement ^9 2.4.4 Binding 2.4.5 Case 2.4.6 Theta theory V 2.5 MLNIMALISTSYNTAX 46 2.6 SUMMARY ' 56 3. KVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATIONS ,.57 3.1 NON-SEIXCTIONIST CATEGORIES OF EXPl-ANATION 58 3.1.1 The lesson about spandrels: Concomitant changes 58 3.1.2 The lesson about exaptation: Current utility and historical origins 62 3.1.3 The lesson about the physical channel: Constraints on natural selection 65 3.1.4 The lesson about laws of growth and form: Non-adaptive elegance 69 3.1.5 The lesson about the role of genes and the environment 72 3.1.6 The lesson about cultural evolution 77 3. /. 7 Some conclusions about allegedly non-selectionist mechanisms 79 3.2 OPTtMALrrY AS A DIAGNOSTIC OF SELECTIVE FUNCTION 81 3.3 RECONCILING LINGUISTICS wrTH EVOLUHONARY BIOLOGY 89 3.3.1 The messiness of evolution and the elegance of language 92 3.3.2 Maladaptive consequences of grammatical universals 97 3.3.3 Mutants would have no one to talk to lOI 3.3.4 The lack of convincing adaptive e.xplanations 102 3.4 SUMMARY 104 4. THE EVOLUTION OF SYNTACTIC UNIVERSALS 108 4.1 BROADER ISSUES IN THE LANGUAGE EVOLUTION LITERATURE 108 4.1.1 Dating the origin of language 108 4.1.2 The evolution of the performance systems HI 4.1.3 The social functions of communication / 4.1.3.1 Vertal grooming I' 4 4.1.3.2 Cullural inherilancc ' 20 4.1.4 The evolution of the linguistic brain ^23 4.1.5 The evolution of the critical period in language acquisition /25 4.1.6 Stages in the evolution of language ^30 vi 4.2 THE EVOLUTION OF SYNTACTIC UNIVERSALS SPECIRCALLY 131 4.2.1 Sequential motor control representations exapied for syntax 131 4.2.2 Conceptual structure exapied for syntax 132 4.2.3 Syllable structure exapted for syntax i32 4.2.4 Compositionality 139 4.3 SUMMARY 141 5. CLOSED-CLASS ITEMS AND THE LEXICON 144 5.1 Cl-OSED-CLASS rrEMS AS AN ADAPTATION 144 5. /. I Redundancy in representations of syntactic distributions 145 5.1.2 Redundancy in representations of meaning /5/ 5.2 APPLYING THE OPTIMALrrY DIAGNOSTIC 155 5.2. / The strategy set 156 5.2.2 Optima I ity 157 5.3 SOMECONSEQUENCESOFTHETHEORY 159 5.3.1 Language variation and parameter-setting 159 5.3.2 Case theory 159 5.3.3 Agreement f60 5.3.4 The timing of the acquisition of open and closed classes 162 5.3.5 Tense and obligatory subjects /63 5.3.6 Closed-class items with identical distributions 164 5.3.7 Measuring the information content of lexical entries 165 5.4 COMPETING EXPLANATIONS 167 5.5 SUMMARY 168 6. PHRASE STRUCTURE AND SEQUENCES 171 6.1 THE OPTIMAL REPRESENTATION OF SEQUENCES 173 6.1.1 Proposal I: Indexing 173 6.1.2 Proposal 2: Pairs ^73 6.1.3 Proposal 3: Triples.. 174 vii 6.1.4 Proposal 4: Pairs reconsidered /SO 6.2 ALTERNATIVE METRICS 186 6.2.1 Optimal representations for deletion operations 186 6.2.2 Optimal representations for spelling out a linear sequence 187 6.2.3 Optimal representations for representing constituent structure 189 6.3 SOMECONSF.QUENCES AND FURTHER RERNEMENTS 190 6.3.1 Movement as by-product ^90 6.3.2 The status of the command relation /92 6.3.3 Feature checking /97 6.3.4 Lexical features and linearization sets 205 6.3.5 Theta roles and case assignment 206 6.4 SUMMARY 207 7. DISCUSSION....; 212 7.1 METHODOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 212 7. /. / The lack of non-selectionist categories of explanation 213 7.1.2 The irrelevance of communicative functions 214 7.1.3 The irrelevance of design complexity 2/5 7.1.4 The optimality diagnostic 2/5 7.1.5 A narrower view of perfection for the Minimalist Program 216 7.2 EMPIRICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 218 7.2. / Closed-class items and the lexicon 2/5 7.2.2 Phrase structure and sequences 2/9 7.3 REMAINING QUESTIONS 220 7.3.1 Alternative sources of fit 220 7.J.2 Optimality and stability 222 7.4 NEW HORIZONS 224 REFERENCES 226 APPENDIX A: PUBLICATIONS 239 viii List of Tables and Illustrations Chapter 2 23. X-Bar schema 34 25.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 15
    Library of Congress Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 15 Cutting Marsh (From photograph loaned by John N. Davidson.) Wisconsin State historical society. COLLECTIONS OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. OF WISCONSIN EDITED AND ANNOTATED BY REUBEN GOLD THWAITES Secretary and Superintendent of the Society VOL. XV Published by Authority of Law MADISON DEMOCRAT PRINTING COMPANY, STATE PRINTER 1900 LC F576 .W81 2d set The Editor, both for the Society and for himself, disclaims responsibility for any statement made either in the historical documents published herein, or in articles contributed to this volume. 1036011 18 N43 LC CONTENTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 15 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689d Library of Congress THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SERIAL RECORD NOV 22 1943 Copy 2 Page. Cutting Marsh Frontispiece. Officers of the Society, 1900 v Preface vii Some Wisconsin Indian Conveyances, 1793–1836. Introduction The Editor 1 Illustrative Documents: Land Cessions—To Dominique Ducharme, 1; to Jacob Franks, 3; to Stockbridge and Brothertown Indians, 6; to Charles Grignon, 19. Milling Sites—At Wisconsin River Rapids, 9; at Little Chute, 11; at Doty's Island, 14; on west shore of Green Bay, 16; on Waubunkeesippe River, 18. Miscellaneous—Contract to build a house, 4; treaty with Oneidas, 20. Illustrations: Totems—Accompanying Indian signatures, 2, 3, 4. Sketch of Cutting Marsh. John E. Chapin, D. D. 25 Documents Relating to the Stockbridge Mission, 1825–48. Notes by William Ward Wight and The Editor. 39 Illustrative Documents: Grant—Of Statesburg mission site, 39. Letters — Jesse Miner to Stockbridges, 41; Jeremiah Evarts to Miner, 43; [Augustus T.
    [Show full text]
  • National Transportation Safety Board Washington, Dc 20594 Aircraft
    PB99-910401 ‘I NTSB/AAR-99/01 DCA94MA076 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 20594 AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT UNCONTROLLED DESCENT AND COLLISION WITH TERRAIN USAIR FLIGHT 427 BOEING 737-300, N513AU NEAR ALIQUIPPA, PENNSYLVANIA SEPTEMBER 8, 1994 6472A Abstract: This report explains the accident involving USAir flight 427, a Boeing 737-300, which entered an uncontrolled descent and impacted terrain near Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, on September 8, 1994. Safety issues in the report focused on Boeing 737 rudder malfunctions, including rudder reversals; the adequacy of the 737 rudder system design; unusual attitude training for air carrier pilots; and flight data recorder parameters. Safety recommendations concerning these issues were addressed to the Federal Aviation Administration. The National Transportation Safety Board is an independent Federal Agency dedicated to promoting aviation, raiload, highway, marine, pipeline, and hazardous materials safety. Established in 1967, the agency is mandated by Congress through the Independent Safety Board Act of 1974 to investigate transportation accidents, study transportation safety issues, and evaluate the safety effectiveness of government agencies involved in transportation. The Safety Board makes public its actions and decisions through accident reports, safety studies, special investigation reports, safety recommendations, and statistical reviews. Recent publications are available in their entirety at http://www.ntsb.gov/. Other information about available publications may also be obtained from the Web site or by contacting: National Transportation Safety Board Public Inquiries Section, RE-51 490 L’Enfant Plaza, East, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20594 Safety Board publications may be purchased, by individual copy or by subscription, from the National Technical Information Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Britannia II. Finds Reported Under the Portable Antiquities Scheme
    Britannia http://journals.cambridge.org/BRI Additional services for Britannia: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here II. Finds Reported under the Portable Antiquities Scheme Sally Worrell and John Pearce Britannia / Volume 46 / November 2015, pp 355 - 381 DOI: 10.1017/S0068113X15000446, Published online: 08 September 2015 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0068113X15000446 How to cite this article: Sally Worrell and John Pearce (2015). II. Finds Reported under the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Britannia, 46, pp 355-381 doi:10.1017/S0068113X15000446 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/BRI, IP address: 87.74.139.172 on 17 Oct 2015 II. Finds Reported under the Portable Antiquities Scheme By SALLY WORRELL and JOHN PEARCE The Portable Antiquities Scheme was established in 1997 as an initiative to record archaeological objects found by members of the general public and was extended to the whole of England and Wales in 2003.1 Surveys of Roman period finds recorded by the PAS have been published in Britannia annually since 2004. This twelfth report gives an overview of the finds reported in 2014 and of their character and distribution and publishes significant individual artefacts recorded by Finds Liaison Officers in this year. OVERVIEW More than 50,000 metallic artefacts of Roman date were recorded on the PAS database in 2014. As in previous annual statistics, this figure includes objects to which a date is attributed spanning the late Iron Age to early Roman transition. Table 1 presents the numbers of artefacts of different categories recorded on the database by county, using older administrative boundaries for consistency with previous reports; counties are grouped by PAS region.
    [Show full text]
  • September 2016 ----- KVIEHD Programs Alpha Order All Broadcasts Page 1 of 8
    September 2016 ----- KVIEHD Programs Alpha Order All Broadcasts Page 1 of 8 Created 8/31/16. Occasionally, KVIE makes changes to its schedule that would cause some of the below information to change. Please visit kvie.org/schedule for the most up-to-date information. 9/11 Inside The Pentagon 9/6 8PM, 9/7 2PM, 9/11 Noon A Few Good Pie Places 9/16 10PM A Few Great Bakeries 9/9 10PM Age Reversed with Miranda Esmonde-White 9/1 11PM Almost There 9/27 11PM, 9/30 4AM America by the Numbers The New Deciders #201 9/7 10PM, 9/13 9PM, 9/26 5AM America's Heartland #822 9/7 7:30PM, 9/11 6:30PM #905 9/14 7:30PM, 9/18 6:30PM, 9/20 2:30AM #908 9/21 7:30PM, 9/27 2:30AM #914 9/28 7:30PM, 9/29 4PM America's Test Kitchen from Cook's Illustrated Spanish Chicken and Israeli Couscous #1605 9/5 1:30PM Italian with Ease #1616 9/10 1PM Pass The Pasta #1606 9/12 1:30PM French Pork Chops and Bisque #1617 9/17 1PM Chocolate-Caramel Layer Cake #1607 9/19 1:30PM Why Not Add Wine? #1608 9/26 1:30PM Antiques Roadshow Vintage Richmond #1727 9/5 8PM, 9/6 2PM, 9/9 8PM, 9/11 5AM Richmond, Hour One #1816 9/5 9PM, 9/6 3PM Richmond, Hour Two #1817 9/12 8PM, 9/13 2PM, 9/16 8PM, 9/18 5AM Richmond, Hour Three #1818 9/12 9PM, 9/13 3PM Vintage Boston #2025 9/19 8PM, 9/20 2PM, 9/21 3:30AM, 9/25 5AM Knoxville, Hour One #1819 9/19 9PM, 9/20 3PM, 9/21 4:30AM Politically Collect #1219 9/26 8PM, 9/27 2PM, 9/28 4:30AM, 9/30 8PM Vintage Pittsburgh #1627 9/26 9PM, 9/27 3PM, 9/28 3:30AM Art Auction 2016 - A Day at the Beach 9/25 6:30PM Art Auction 2016 - Animal Kingdom 9/24 6:30PM Art Auction
    [Show full text]
  • Flying the Navy's First Jets (Sierra Hotel)
    FLYING THE NAVY’S FIRST JETS (SIERRA HOTEL) By Steven Craig Reynolds As Told By Charles “Gil” Erb, Cdr. USN (Ret.) TABLE OF CONTENTS PROLOGUE .........................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1: IN THE BEGINNING .................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2: THE SKY IS CALLING ................................................................9 CHAPTER 3: CABBIE ADVENTURES AT THE MISSION RANCH ...............11 CHAPTER 4: ARMY DAYS AS A PRE-AVIATION CADET .............................15 CHAPTER 5: ALEXANDRE NYEFSKY YARASLOVICH SLATOFFOVOICH (SLATS) ................................................................................................. 18 CHAPTER 6: THE RAT IN THE CAN .............................................................22 CHAPTER 7: BATHING BEAUTY BOBBY BROWN ......................................24 CHAPTER 8: A HECTIC THREE WEEKS AND THEN SOME ...................... 27 CHAPTER 9: GETTING HIS WINGS .............................................................30 CHAPTER 10: JET TRAINING .......................................................................36 CHAPTER 11: FIRST BORN ...........................................................................38 CHAPTER 12: A “NUGGET’S” FIRST NEAR-FATAL CARRIER EXPERIENCE........................................................................................39 CHAPTER 13: INVERTED IN THE DARK ....................................................42 CHAPTER 14: OSCAR’S FEET ........................................................................46
    [Show full text]
  • Three Hundred Things a Bright Boy Can Do, by Many Hands.—A
    Project Gutenberg's Three Hundred Things a Bright Boy Can Do, by Anonymous This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Three Hundred Things a Bright Boy Can Do Author: Anonymous Release Date: December 26, 2014 [EBook #47760] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THREE HUNDRED THINGS A BRIGHT BOY CAN DO *** Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Martin Mayer and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Pg i Pg ii THREE HUNDRED THINGS A BRIGHT BOY CAN DO BY MANY HANDS FULLY ILLUSTRATED LONDON SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., LTD. 1914 Pg iii Pg iv CONTENTS • CHAPTER PAGE • PREFACEVI • CHAPTER I. IN TRAINING 1 • CHAPTER II. HOW TO BECOME A GYMNAST 7 • CHAPTER III. WALKING, RUNNING, AND JUMPING 22 • CHAPTER IV. HOCKEY AND INDIAN CLUBS 26 • CHAPTER V. SWIMMING, ROWING, AND WATER POLO 42 • CHAPTER VI. PAPERCHASING, FOOTBALL, GOLF, AND BOXING 48 • CHAPTER VII. ON THE ICE 57 • CHAPTER VIII. ANGLING 67 • CHAPTER IX. CANOES AND YACHTS 84 • CHAPTER X. COOKING IN CAMP 112 • CHAPTER XI. BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS 117 • CHAPTER XII. HINTS ON AQUARIUMS 131 • CHAPTER XIII. IN THE PLAYING FIELDS 138 • CHAPTER XIV. THE GARDEN 150 • CHAPTER XV. THE BOY AS ARTIST 157 • CHAPTER XVI. VENTRILOQUISM AND POLYPHONY 191 • CHAPTER XVII. THE BOY AS MAGICIAN 208 • CHAPTER XVIII. PETS 228 • CHAPTER XIX.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Page Copyright Page Preface
    Title Page Copyright Page Preface Patterns, a Course in Communicative English, focuses on reading, writing and communicative aspects of English language to ensure holistic training. The aim of the series is to enhance the students’ language skills and enable them to use the language with ease and confidence both inside and outside the boundaries of the classroom. The teacher plays the most significant role in this process. Therefore the books contain exhaustive Teacher’s Notes providing certain guidelines and suggestions about the way the lessons can be approached and made interesting as well as beneficial to the students. The Teacher’s Handbooks (1-8) contain answers to the exercises which accompany the chapters. The primary purpose of these books is to diminish the workload of the teachers and facilitate the teaching and learning processes. Apart from definite answers, they also contain suggestions which the teachers may follow while teaching a chapter. Answers to some analytical questions are not given since it is in the best interest of the students to let them think and answer those questions based on their understanding of the topics. The exercises on Writing Skills and Enrichment activities can be conducted by the teacher following the guidelines given as part of the exercise. The teacher should encourage students to answer the open-ended questions depending on their reading of the chapter. We sincerely hope that the teachers find these books useful and the Handbooks contribute substantially to the process of learning. Contents Course book 1. The Story of the Socks 1 2. Sun 2 3. Kiki Talks 2 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Bayard Taylor and His Transatlantic Representations of Germany: a Nineteenth- Century American Encounter John Kemp
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository History ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-12-2014 Bayard Taylor and his Transatlantic Representations of Germany: A Nineteenth- Century American Encounter John Kemp Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds Recommended Citation Kemp, John. "Bayard Taylor and his Transatlantic Representations of Germany: A Nineteenth-Century American Encounter." (2014). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds/38 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. John Stephan Kemp Candidate History Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Melissa Bokovoy , Chairperson Dr. Eliza Ferguson Dr. Margaret Connell-Szasz Dr. Peter White I BAYARD TAYLOR AND HIS TRANSATLANTIC REPRESENTATIONS OF GERMANY: A NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN ENCOUNTER BY JOHN STEPHAN KEMP B.A., History, University of New Mexico, 1987 M.A., Western World to 1500, University of New Mexico, 1992 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy History The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2014 II DEDICATION In memory of Chuck Preston, my UNM English 102 instructor, who passed away in 1985 - his confidence in my ability kept me in college when I considered dropping out To My parents, John and Hilde Kemp, without whose unwavering support and encouragement I would have faltered long ago To My daughters, Josefa, Amy, and Emily, who are the lights of my life.
    [Show full text]
  • Jackson's Auction
    Jackson's Auction Collector's Choice: Antiques & Collectibles Tuesday - September 18, 2012 Collector's Choice: Antiques & Collectibles 1: GALLE CAMEO GLASS AND LOETZ STYLE ART GLASS VASES USD 200 - 400 GALLE CAMEO GLASS AND LOETZ STYLE ART GLASS VASES, CIRCA 1900. The Galle with cut fern decoration (damaged), the Loetz style with amber oil spot finish over an opalescent body with crimped rim. Height 9.5 inches (24 cm) and 5 inches (12.5 cm). 2: A CONSOLIDATED LOVEBIRDS VASE USD 100 - 200 A CONSOLIDATED MOLDED AND FROSTED GLASS LOVEBIRDS VASE, EARLY 20TH CENTURY. With blue patina. Height 10.5 inches (26.5 cm). 3: IN THE MANNER OF LALIQUE, A LARGE CHARGER USD 100 - 200 IN THE MANNER OF LALIQUE, A LARGE MOLDED AND FROSTED GLASS CHARGER, 20TH CENTURY. Depicting dancing nudes on a blue stained ground, apparently unsigned. Diameter 17.75 inches (45 cm). 4: A FRENCH OPALESCENT MOLDED ART GLASS TRAY USD 150 - 250 A FRENCH OPALESCENT MOLDED ART GLASS TRAY, FIRST HALF OF 20TH CENTURY. In the manner of Sabino with large floral blossoms and a butterfly molded in deep relief with powder blue opalescent highlights under a satin finish, apparently unsigned. Diameter 13.25 inches (33.5 cm). 5: A VERLYS MOLDED AND FROSTED GLASS CHARGER USD 150 - 250 A VERLYS MOLDED AND FROSTED GLASS CHARGER, 20TH CENTURY. Depicting three birds in flight and goldfish. Inscribed Verlys. Diameter 13.75 inches (35 cm). 6: AN R. LALIQUE FOR D'ORSAY GLASS CREAM JAR USD 350 - 550 AN R. LALIQUE FOR D'ORSAY MOLDED AND FROSTED GLASS CREAM JAR.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Arts Overview
    Unit 1: Language Arts Overview ............................................................................................................ 1.2 Helpful References and Resources ................................................................... 1.3 Projects In Your Own Words ................................................................................ 1.4 “Writing In Clover” ............................................................................... 1.14 Making the Connections ...................................................................... 1.18 Life Is A Stage: A Play In Three Acts ..................................................... 1.29 “Reporting Live From ...” ...................................................................... 1.30 Was Something Lost In the Translation? ............................................. 1.31 Lingua Franca ........................................................................................ 1.33 Talking With Your Hands ...................................................................... 1.36 Content Knowledge Standards ....................................................................... 1.39 © Copyright 2001 Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation 1.1 Overview The members of the Lewis and Clark expedition documented their experiences by writing with quill pens and powdered ink on the precious supply of paper they brought with them. President Thomas Jefferson’s letter of instructions to Meriwether Lewis stated: “Your observations are to be taken with great pains & accuracy, to
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Medieval Housebook and Elias's “Scenes from the Life of a Knight”: a Case
    1 2 Published by The Norbert Elias Foundation J.J. Viottastraat 13 1017 JM Amsterdam Board: Johan Goudsblom, Herman Korte Stephen Mennell Secretary to the Foundation: EsterWils Tel: & Fax: +31 20 671 8620 Email: [email protected] http://norberteliasfoundation.nl/ Free eBook 2015 http://www.norberteliasfoundation.nl/docs/pdf/Medievalhousebook.pdf Printed by the University of Leicester 3 The Medieval Housebook and Elias’s ‘Scenes from the Life of a Knight’: A case study fit for purpose? Patrick Murphy Contents1 Part 1: The Elias thesis in outline 1. Introduction 2. Why was Elias attracted to The Medieval Housebook? 3. Elias’s selection and interpretation of the drawings Part 2: Elias as a point of departure 4. Focus on the artist, with the patron in absentia 5. A presentational farrago 6. A possible case of intellectual amnesia Part 3: Moving beyond Elias 7. An overview of the housebook figuration 8. Naming the manuscript: Its appearance and form 9. What’s in a picture? Attribution and interpretation 10. Reconstituting the housebook: Problems and pitfalls 11. Is it a book? 12. The precious, the mundane and the commonplace Part 4: Moving further beyond Elias 13. Elusive timelines 14. Excurses on Swabia in the later Middle-Ages 15. Backwater or whirlpool: Aggressive resentment or nostalgia? 16. The quest to identify the Master 17. From Master to patron 18. In search of Elias’s benchmarks Part 5: Climbing out on a limb 19. Artistic empathy or, could it be ridicule? Part 6: Conclusion 20. Were the housebook drawings fit for purpose? 21. Involvement
    [Show full text]
  • An Autoethnography Towards Earth Consciousness a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Education in Parti
    The Truth About Stories: An Autoethnography Towards Earth Consciousness A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Education In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Education University of Prince Edward Island We accept this thesis as conforming To the required standards Dr. Fiona Walton Dr. Suzanne Thomas John Darrell DesRoches Miscouche, PE September 14, 2010 Copyright © 2010 John Darrell DesRoches i Permission to Use Postgraduate Thesis Title of Thesis: The Truth About Stories: An Autoethnography Towards Earth Consciousness Name of Author: John Darrell DesRoches Degree: Master of Education 2010 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment for a postgraduate degree from the University of Prince Edward Island, I agree that the libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Professors who supervised my thesis work, or, in their absence, by the Dean of the Faculty of Education. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Prince Edward Island in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Signature______________________ Address_______________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ Date__________________________ ii Abstract The present ecological crisis reflects a crisis in human consciousness, especially in the western world, where our relationship with the earth and cosmos has been largely shaped and influenced by the stories we have been told in our culture.
    [Show full text]