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Performance and Participation in Media Fandom Sebastiaan Gorissen University of New Mexico - Main Campus

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University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Communication ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations Spring 5-4-2017 Common among wizards, popstars, and cowboys: Performance and participation in media fandom Sebastiaan Gorissen University of New Mexico - Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cj_etds Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Gorissen, Sebastiaan. "Common among wizards, popstars, and cowboys: Performance and participation in media fandom." (2017). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cj_etds/101 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sebastiaan Gorissen Candidate Communication & Journalism Department This thesis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Thesis Committee: Dr. David Weiss , Chairperson Dr. Judith Hendry , Chairperson Dr. Richard Schaefer i COMMON AMONG WIZARDS, POPSTARS, AND COWBOYS: PERFORMANCE AND PARTICIPATION IN MEDIA FANDOM BY SEBASTIAAN GORISSEN BACHELOR OF ARTS | MEDIA & CULTURE UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM 2013 MASTER OF ARTS | FILM STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM 2014 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS COMMUNICATION The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July, 2017 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge Dr. Judith Hendry and Dr. David Weiss, my advisors and committee chairs, for their invaluable support. Their insights, comments, questions, and critiques have been instrumental in crafting this thesis, and helped me strive for improvement with every draft of every chapter. Their kind guidance has continuously seen me grow as a scholar and an individual, and for this I could not thank them enough. I would also like to thank Dr. Richard Schaefer, for graciously stepping in at the last minute and completing my thesis committee. His interest in my research has been most flattering, and his insights are warmly welcomed. Furthermore, I am grateful to Dr. Kathy Isaacson and Dr. Julie Shields for their time on my committee, and for their support and encouragement throughout my academic career at the University of New Mexico. iii COMMON AMONG WIZARDS, POPSTARS, AND COWBOYS: PERFORMANCE AND PARTICIPATION IN MEDIA FANDOM by Sebastiaan Gorissen Bachelor of Arts, Media & Culture, University of Amsterdam, 2013 Master of Arts, Film Studies, University of Amsterdam, 2014 Master of Arts, Communication, University of New Mexico, 2017 ABSTRACT By explicating the most prominent forms of participatory fan-art produced and consumed by members of the fan communities regarding Harry Potter, One Direction, and The Dallas Cowboys, this study has contributed to the field of fandom studies by presenting findings that are generalizable beyond a singular fannish context, and by explicating the unfounded categorizations that have divided the discipline. The fan communities studied perform their fandom through the creation of participatory fan-art, and the fan-art created across all three fan communities can be divided into three distinct categories: the recontextualization of characters, the recontextualization of images, and the recontextualization of videos. The fan-art shared, consumed, and reciprocated within each fan community is scrutinized to a varying extent. Those works of art that claim greatest fealty to their source material are scrutinized most thoroughly by their consumers. Nonetheless, all three fan communities share an understanding about their characters’ quintessence, and require complete mastery of the source material from all involved in the production, consumption, and reciprocation of participatory art. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ............................................................................................................... x List of Tables ................................................................................................................ xi Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 Looking Ahead................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review ..................................................................................... 6 Popular Culture and Fandom ............................................................................. 6 Initiation ............................................................................................................. 7 What Makes a Fan ................................................................................. 7 Reader-Response Criticism .................................................................... 9 Para-Social Interactions ......................................................................... 11 Productivity ........................................................................................................ 12 Performing Fandom ............................................................................... 12 Participation ....................................................................................................... 15 Understanding Fan Communities .......................................................... 15 Understanding Adaptation ..................................................................... 17 Contextualizing Participation................................................................. 20 Mechanisms of Fan Communities ......................................................... 21 Positioning Fan Communities ................................................................ 24 Unfounded Demarcations in Fandom .................................................... 30 Looking Ahead................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 3: Methods ..................................................................................................... 34 Uncovering the Branches of Fandom ................................................................ 34 v Objects of Study ................................................................................................. 35 The Grounded Theory Approach to Fandom ..................................................... 36 Sample Study: Delicate .......................................................................... 39 Looking Ahead................................................................................................... 42 Chapter 4: Findings ..................................................................................................... 43 Exploring Harry Potter Fandom......................................................................... 43 Harry Potter Fanfiction: Continuing of the Story .................................. 44 Delicate ...................................................................................... 44 Still Delicate............................................................................... 47 How to Tame a Marauder .......................................................... 48 In Summary ............................................................................................ 50 Harry Potter Fan-Art: Altered Images ................................................... 51 How to Tame a Marauder .......................................................... 52 Still Delicate............................................................................... 53 Delicate ...................................................................................... 53 In Summary ............................................................................................ 56 Harry Potter Fan Videos: Visualizing the Story .................................... 56 Through the Pensieve ................................................................. 57 Severus Snape and the Marauders ............................................. 60 The Mysterious Ticking Noise................................................... 63 In Summary ............................................................................................ 66 Exploring One Direction Fandom ...................................................................... 66 One Direction Fanfiction: Where the Music Doesn’t Matter ................ 67 vi Dark............................................................................................ 68 Relief Next to Me....................................................................... 68 You’ll Breathe Me In ................................................................. 70 In Summary ............................................................................................ 71 One Direction Fan-Art: The Images, The Music, The Cookbook ......... 71 Dark............................................................................................ 72 Relief Next to Me....................................................................... 72 You’ll Breathe Me In ................................................................. 73 In Summary ............................................................................................ 74 One Direction Fan Videos: Heroes, Humanitarians, and Lovers........... 75 The Adventurous Adventures of One Direction ........................ 75 The Most Emotional
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