The Literary Record and Journal of the Linnaean Association Of
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THE Citcrari) Rccovb anh Sournal LINNAEAN ASSOCIATION OF PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. CO.VDrCTEU nV a CO.MMITIKE UF the ASSOriATIO.V. VOLUME IL (i!5 c 1 1 1; 3 li It r : PRINTED BY H . C . N E 1 X S T E D T . 1845-46. •rgzi VOLUME ll.j [number 1. THE LITERARY RIOORD AND JOURNAL ®f i\)t iTinttoeon ^a^udatton of |)cnn9i)luama ColUflf. NOVEMBER, J 845, CONDUCTED 3J» n (tonxmitut of tiie ^ssocfatfon. CONTENTS. RECORD AND JOUR.VAL, . - _ - - 1 INFLUENCE OF TONES OF VOICF, UPON THE FEELINGS, 2 RAVAGES OF THE APATE BASILLARIS, _ - - 7 ENGLISH MODE OF TRANSPLANTING LARGE TREES, ]0 MUSINGS OF AN OLD TREE, ----- 11 EASY METHOD OF COLLECTING INSECTS, - 13 THE naturalists' CLUB, - _ - - 14 METEOROLOGY, - - 17 A VISIT TO A GREAT PICTUKL, - . - - 19 KIDDEr's BRAZIL, - - - - - 21 PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE, - - - - - 24 U sheet, periodical —Postage, 2i centa, to any distance within the Union. NEINSTEDT, PRINTER, GETTYSBURG. THE LITERARY OF THE LINN^AN ASSOCIATION OF PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. Vol. II. NOVEMBER, 1845. No. 1. SECOND VOLUME OF THE RECORD AND JOURNAL. The Linnaean Assgciatio.v having determined to continue the pub- lication of the "Record and Journal," it is our duty once more to be- speak for it public attention and patronage. We do this the more wil- lingly, as "the public" whom we address is not to us a "hundred head- ed monster" of whose nature we are ignorant and whose passions we fear we may exite even when we attempt to gratify its appetite. Our public is a very limited one, consisting of less than five hundred sub- scribers with nearly every one of whom we have something like per- .sonal acquaintance. We are, therefore, at no loss to understand what ty*pir wants are, what it is that they expect from this Magazine which theyshave called into existence and which, we believe, they are determ- ined tossustain. To speak plainly, we know that our readers desire to cultivate \iterature and science, and expect us to furnish them with some of the supfvlies of /his kind which they require. But we danno'i- flatter ourselves tliat we have in all respects met the wishes and e.^p'Jctations of our friends. There are two causes of this, the one in our readers, the other in ourselves. Even with our limited public the old copy is true, ''Many men, many mindsP Some of our readers prefer one department of literature, some an other. Our young friends particularly think that we give them too much that is of a dry and scientific character, and would rather have a larger, a much larger amount of lighter literature. On the other hand, our older savans think that we are rather light and superficial, and would prefer that we should go into all the profundities and details of their favorite sciences whether physical or mathematical. How are we to reconcile both these parties ? Simply by reminding them of the title and design of this publication. Observe, gentlemen, if you please, we edit the " Literary Record and Journal of the Linnaean Association." This binds us to keep in view hoth Literature and Science. The Linnaean Association was organized 1 •^ ' RECORP AND JOURNAL. for the cultivation of " Natural Science," and its organ must be faithful to its principles, and endeavor in every way to promote that knowledge the importance of which no one denies. Science, natural science, is therefore, one of the primary objects of this Journal. But, on the oth- er hand, literature is not only a necessary means of attaining this end, and a natural want of the great mass of those for whom we labor, but likewise an avowed and prominent object of the "Record." We do not think that these two objects are at all inconsistent with each other, but are persuaded that they may be prosecuted together with mutual ad- vantage. Literature should enliven and embellish science, science must give direction and value to literature. It shall be our earnest endeavor to satisfy both parties by giving to both departments of the work equal attention, and urging our literary contributors to be more literary ; our scientific ones more scientific. As to the other category of difHculties in which we find ourselves, we are determined in the current volume to remove all ground of dis- satisfaction which we know has been felt, if no where else, yet in our own editorial singular-plurality. We therefore, give place to an other Editor for whom, as it will now no longer be necessary for ourselves, we beg the indulgence of our readers. That our successor will con- duct the paper to the satisfaction of all reasonable readers we have no doubt, as his communications were among the most popular articles in the preceding volume. At the same time, in his name, we request all our correspondents, for v/hose co-operation we herewith return our grateful acknowledgements, to continue to assist him in the same effec- tive manner. We also hope that the number of our correspondents and the frequency of their communications will be increased as the want of original matter has been one of the main difllculties which we have en- countered in the management of this enterprise. If he can only draw out a reasonable amount of the literary and scientific resources which we know to exist among the friends of the Journal, we have no doubt that our successor will make it one of the most interesting and valuable publication of the day. One more suggestion and we throw away the pen editorial. Five hundred subscribers is too small a number for so excellent a Magazine as ours is to be, to say nothing of what it has been. We therefore urge all our friends who show by their continued support that they approve of this enterprise, (nearly every one of them has jjaid our printer, and we doubt not that they will all do so,) each to forward us at once just such another patron as himself. This will enable the Publishing Com- KVFLUEJfCE OF TONK5. mittee to enlarge the Journal somewhat, and will furnish the Association with increased means of carrying on its operations —botli of wiiich ob- jects are highly desirable. THE INFLUENCE OF TONES OF VOICE UPON THE FEELINGS. The natural symbols of feeling are muscular actions of the coun- tenance, tones, and gestures. These, sometimes separately, but oftener conjointly, indicate the state of the speaker's mind. It is proposed at present to consider the injluence of tones of voice upon the feelings. It is hardly necessary to say that agreeable tones are all musical, and that oratory and music address themselves to the same principles of our nature. Speech and music are composed of the same elements, and have a common origin. To appreciate the influence of tones of voice upon the feelings, it may be proper to notice their fitness to produce organic pleasure, to awaken associations, and to express the sentiments and feel- ings of the speaker. As to the organic pleasure which the tones of voice are fitted to pro- duce, it is obvious that most persons do love euphony, and derive much gratification from it. Though the cultivated ear alone can fully appre- ciate melodious all sounds ; yet men, except those whose organs are naturally defective, or have in some way been impaired, can and do dis- tinguish between different sounds. All feel that there is a difference be- tween concords and discords. Even men of fierce and warlike disposi- tions have been found susceptible of the "concord of sweet sounds." The cruel Nero was exceedingly fond of music, and devoted much time to its cultivation. And Napoleon, notwithstanding his warlike charac- ter, had an ear for music as well as for the clangor of martial instru- ments. He often spoke of his relish for tender music ; and he evinced his zeal for musical science by establishing in Paris an academy for the promotion of it. Not only so—even irrational animals are not insen- sible to the charms of natural and melodious tones. It is said that Gar- rick's dog used to be a regular attendant at the theatre, and evinced as much delight as any other spectator when he heard his master's voice. And professor Metoxa, of Rome, states, that in 1822, he saw a company of snakes wrought up to a high pitch of excitement by the tones of an organ. Some of them seemed to be charmed, and -turned towards the instrument. These facts are sufficient to show that it is not through the medium of philosophic speculation or cold deduction, that we learn to delight in euphony. There is often a real pleasure in the feelings which the tones of the voice excite, considered as distinct from any sentiment a INPLUEiVCE OF TONES. expressed. Madame de Stael was in the habit of reciting certain stanzas, simply for the sake of the agreeable succession of sounds. " That is what / call poetry !" said she. "It is delicious ! and so much the more, as it does not convey a single idea to me." Though we cannot agree with this gifted lady in her opinion of poetry, we can readily conceive of the pleasurable feelings she describes as being produced by a succes- sion of melodious sounds. Some of the readers of this article have possibly known men who were indebted for their success as public speakers to a well cultivated voice. There is a preacher now living in one of the Middle States, who ten or twelve years ago drew admiring crowds to hear him.