Hemedan Eyaleti Bahar Ili Türk Kültüründe Geçiş Dönemleri

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Hemedan Eyaleti Bahar Ili Türk Kültüründe Geçiş Dönemleri T.C. KIRKLARELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ÇAĞDAŞ TÜRK LEHÇELERİ VE EDEBİYATLARI ANABİLİM DALI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ HEMEDAN EYALETİ BAHAR İLİ TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE GEÇİŞ DÖNEMLERİ NURULLAH GÖZCÜ TEZ DANIŞMANI: Prof. Dr. BÜLENT BAYRAM MAYIS – 2019 BEYAN Tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde bizzat elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada özgün olmayan tüm kaynaklara eksiksiz atıf yapıldığını, aksinin ortaya çıkması durumunda her türlü yasal sonucu kabul ettiğimi beyan ediyorum. Nurullah Gözcü 29.05.2019 iii ÖZ HEMEDAN EYALETİ BAHAR İLİ TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE GEÇİŞ DÖNEMLERİ Gözcü, Nurullah Yüksek Lisans, Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Bülent BAYRAM Mayıs 2019 Geçiş dönemleri, insanın dünyaya gözlerini açmasıyla başlayan bir süreç olup yaşamı boyunca bu süreci takip eden değişiklikleri geçirme, kabullenme ve kabul ettirme aşamalarını genel bir tanım içine sığdıran kavramdır. Bu geçiş basamakları bağlı olduğu topluluğun sosyolojisi, antropolojisi ve hatta psikolojisi hakkında ortaya koyduğu verilerle bilimsel bir kanıt değeri görebilir. Gelenekler, akraba topluluklar arasındaki benzerlikleri göstermesi açısından da son derece önem arz etmektedir. İran’ın Hemedan eyaletinin Bahar ilinde yapılan alan araştırmasında, Bahar ili ve bu ile bağlı ilçeler olan Lalecin, Salihabad ve Merkezî’de hayatın akışını bütünsel bir değişikliğe uğratan geçiş dönemleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışma; giriş, üç ana bölüm, sonuç, kaynakça ve eklerden oluşmaktadır. Giriş kısmında Güney Azerbaycan, Hemedan ve Bahar bölgesi hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Akabinde Güney Azerbaycan üzerine yapılan halkbilimi araştırmaları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın ana bölümlerinden birinci bölümde doğum, ikinci bölümde evlenme ve üçüncü bölümde ölüm âdetleri ele alınmıştır. Bu üç bölümde de gözlem, mülakat ve anket yoluyla sahadan derlenen veriler deşifre edilmiştir. Bölgeden derlenen malzemeler ortaya koyulurken sadece Anadolu sahasıyla sınırlı kalınmayarak Türk dünyasının çeşitli bölgelerindeki aynilikleri üzerinde de durulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında ise elde edilen verilerden hareketle bu geleneklerin hâlen yaşatılıp yaşatılmadığı üzerine durum tespitinde bulunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Güney Azerbaycan–Hemedan, Bahar, Lalecin, Salihabad, Geçiş Dönemleri. iv ABSTRACT TRANSITION PERIODS IN TURKISH CULTURE THE BAHAR PROVINCE HEMEDAN STATE Gozcu, Nurullah Master of Arts, Contemporary Turkish Dialects and Literatures Supervisor: Professor Bulent BAYRAM May 2019 Transition periods are a process that begins with the opening of human being's eyes to the world, and it is the concept that fits the stages of passing, accepting and accepting the changes that follow this process throughout life into a general definition. These transitional stages can see the value a scientific evidence by means of the data revealed about the sociology, anthropology and even psychological status of the community to which it is affiliated. In addition, traditions are extremely important in terms of showing similarities between consanguineous communities. During the field survey in Bahar city of Hemedan state's in Iran have been handled which have changed the course of life in a holistic way Bahar city and its affiliated districts the transition periods in of Lalecin, Salihabad and Central. This study, is composed of three main sections, results, bibliography and annexes. At the entrance, informations was given about the Southern Azerbaijan, the region of Hemedan and Bahar, and the studies of folk literature on Southern Azerbaijan have been handed. From the main parts of the study have tackled the birth in the first part, the marriage in the second part and the death in the third part. In these three sections, data collected from the field through observation, interview and questionnaire were revealed by deciphering. The materials collected from the region were not only limited to the Anatolian area, but also the similarities in various regions of the Turkish world have been emphasized. In the conclusion of the study, based on the data obtained, the situation was determined to determine whether these traditions are still alive. Key Words: Southern Azerbaijan–Hemedan, Bahar, Lalecin, Salehabad, Transition Periods. v ÖNSÖZ Asırlar boyunca bir Türk yurdu olan ve kadim medeniyetleri ağırlayan İran özelinde Güney Azerbaycan bölgesi Türk dilini, kültürünü, gelenek ve göreneklerini yaşatmasıyla ve sahip olduğu Türk nüfusuyla Türkiye’den sonra Türklerin en yoğun olarak yaşadığı bölgedir. Bu çalışma, Güney Azerbaycan bölgesinin Hemedan eyaletine bağlı Bahar ili ve bu ile bağlı Lalecin, Salihabad ve Merkezî ilçelerinde bölge Türklerinin doğum, evlenme ve ölüm geleneklerini içermektedir. Geçiş dönemleri, bütüncül olarak bakıldığında geleneklerin bir kısmı gibi görülmektedir. Fakat içinde barındırdığı normlarla bütün geleneklerle bir şekilde kesişmektedir. Bir sınır bütünlüğü içinde olunmasa da geleneklerin benzer hatta aynı şekilde yaşanması toplumların ortak bir paydada buluşmasını sağlayabilir. Çalışma konumuz Bahar’ın bağlı olduğu Hemedan eyaletinin Güney Azerbaycan sınırları içerisinde bulunması, Türk dünyasıyla karşılaştırıldığında bu denli Türk nüfusuna sahip olduğu hâlde neredeyse bu gelenekler üzerine herhangi bir çalışmanın yapılmaması ve bölgede Türk geleneklerinin yaşatılıp yaşatılmadığı, yaşatılıyorsa ne kadar değişikliğe uğradığına dair bir durum tespitinin eksikliği bu araştırmayı gerekli kılmıştır. Dolayısıyla bölgede gözlem, görüşme ve anket yoluyla derlenen bu veriler, Türk geleneklerini yansıtması bakımından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bölgeye ilk olarak 2015 yılında bir ön araştırma için gittiğimizde 10 gün kaldık. 12 Mart-17 Nisan 2018 tarihlerinde ise konu olan çalışmanın malzemelerini derledik. Bu çalışmanın meydana gelişinde beni İran bölgesindeki çalışma eksikliğini görerek yönlendiren, çalışmamın her aşamasında bilgi ve birikimlerini benimle paylaşan, alanda maddi ve manevi eksikliğini hiç esirgemeyen Öğr. Gör. Faruk Gün’e ve bu süreçte tecrübeleriyle aydınlatarak beni her zaman motive eden eşi Öğr. Gör. Elif Gün’e teşekkürlerin en büyüğünü borç bilirim. Bahar bölgesinde yönlendirmeleri dolayısıyla Dr. Öğr. Gör. Hamidreza Sohrabiabad’a ve tecrübelerini vi paylaşmayı hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen Doç. Dr. Abdulkadir Atıcı’ya da teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Ayrıca lisans döneminden bu yana gerek yönlendirmeleriyle gerekse maddi ve manevi desteğiyle her vakit bu yolda ilerlememde beni teşvik eden Arş. Gör. Mehmet Tuncer’e de minnettarım. Güzel dostlar edindiğim Kırklareli’nden kıymetli arkadaşım Cihan Torlak’a ve Hamza Can Seyhan’a verdikleri manevi destekten ötürü teşekkür ederim. Alanda olduğum süre boyunca bana yol arkadaşlığı yapan Sayid Eynceferi’ye, nişanlısı Sefure Hanım’a ve kardeşi Hadi Eynceferi’ye, bizi her zaman ağırlayan desteklerini esirgemeyen Cevad Hüseyn Kulipur ve ailesine, Semed Kurbanoğlu ve eşi Güneş Hanım’a, Bahar bölgesinde yönlendirmeleri dolayısıyla Akefi Mercan Hanım ve eşine, Mesut Telayi ve ailesine ve de Ahmet Derviş’e teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Bu yolda her zaman beni teşvik eden ve desteklerini bir an olsun esirgemeyen başta babam ve annem olmak üzere aile fertlerime ve Merve Kaşit’e canıgönülden minnettarım. Ayrıca İran Araştırmaları Merkezi (İRAM Center) Başkan Vekili Dr. Hakkı Uygur’a, Genel Yayın Yönetmeni Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Serhan Afacan’a ve üzerimde kısa sürede çok emeği olan İRAM Editörü Dr. Öğr. Gör. Umut Başar’a İRAM’da bulunduğum süre boyunca maddi manevi desteklerinden ve yönlendirmelerinden dolayı teşekkür etmeyi bir vazife sayarım. Son olarak öğrencisi olmaktan onur duyduğum, beni Hemedan’ın Bahar iline yönlendirerek çalışmamın her aşamasında saha tecrübelerini paylaşan, maddi ve manevi desteklerini eksik etmeyen, bizlere Türk dünyasına bütüncül yaklaşmayı öğreten, ilmi bilgi ve birikimlerine gıpta ettiğim, danışmanım ve hocam değerli bilim adamı Prof. Dr. Bülent Bayram ile eşi Venera Falakhova’ya şükranlarımı sunarım. Nurullah Gözcü Mayıs, 2019 Kırklareli vii İÇİNDEKİLER BEYAN ......................................................................................................... iii ÖZ ................................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. v ÖNSÖZ ......................................................................................................... vi İÇİNDEKİLER ......................................................................................... viii KISALTMALAR ...................................................................................... xiii GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................ 1 ARAŞTIRMA İLE İLGİLİ GENEL BİLGİLER ..................................... 1 1.1. Konu .......................................................................................... 1 1.2. Amaç ......................................................................................... 1 1.3. Sınırlılık .................................................................................... 1 1.4. Yöntem ...................................................................................... 2 ARAŞTIRILAN BÖLGENİN ÖZELLİKLERİ ........................................ 3 2.1. Güney Azerbaycan, Hemedan ve Bahar’ın Coğrafi ve Demografik Özellikleri ..........................................................................
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