In the Name of GOD

Conference proceedings

“The 3rd International and 21st National Conference on Environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan,

سرشناسه: عنوان و نام پدیدآور: مشخصات نشر: شابک: موضوع: شناسه افزوده: ردهبندی کنگره:

عنوان کتاب:

Proceedings of

The 3rd International and 21st National

Conference on Environmental Health

تهیه و تنظیم: زهره فرهمند کیا چاپ : ناشر: تیراژ: صفحه آرایی: قیمت: طراحی جلد: شابک:

* مسئولیت هرگونه ایراد نگارشی بر عهده نویسندگان مقاالت میباشد.

Organizers

Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

Iranian Association Of Environmental Health (IAEH)

Conference Organization

Chairman

Dr. Parviz Ghezelbash PhD in Radiology Assistant Professor of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

Scientific Secretary

Dr. Mohammad Reza Mehrasbi PhD in Environmental Health Engineering Associate professor of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

Executive Secretary

Dr. Mazyar Peyda PhD in Environmental Engineering Assistant professor of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

Responsible for the Secretariat

Dr. Gholamreza Sadeghi PhD in Environmental Hydrogeology Assistant professor of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

Preface

The 3rd International and 21st National conference on Environmental Health is held by Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with Iranian Association of Environmental Health (IAEH) in Zanjan, Iran, on February 26th till 28th, 2019. The beautiful and ancient country of Iran has a history of several thousand years in the global advancement. The wise people of this land have shown a great deal of attention to the environmental, health and well-being of the people as shown in the ancient museums, monuments, and culture of this land. Ziggurat Chogha Zanbil and its nearby water treatment plant as the oldest water treatment plant in the 1250 BC, the Arg-e Bam (Citadel of Bam) and the Persepolis foundation are among valuable monuments that reflect the long-standing ingenuity and knowledge of the people of this land in the Environmental Health Sciences . Despite the improvement in human well-being, industrial development in the world has led to many environmental problems that have endangered human health. According to the World Health Organization, 12.6 million deaths per year, meaning 1 per four deaths are due to environmental factors in the world. On the other hand, 3 million children under age 5 die annually due to the environmental factors. Risk factors such as water, soil and air pollution, chemical compounds, ultraviolet radiation from ozone depletion and other environmental factors, cause about 100 diseases and injuries known in humans most of which are manageable with scientific methods. In Iran, despite extensive efforts to provide safe drinking water, reduce mortality and access to safe drinking water as much as 96%, official reports state that more than 19,000 people per year die of environmental factors. Air pollution due to industrial activities, traffic and transportation, the massive diffusion of dust and lack of urban and industrial wastewater treatment are the most important environmental risk factors in Iran. It is evident that a straightforward relationship exists between quality of environment and human health. This means that a pollution- free environment has been an ultimate goal for the residents of all cities. To meet these goals, ZUMS reached the decision to hold this conference. In this conference more than 500 articles and abstracts were received since 6 month ago, all of which were peer reviewed by more than 120 reviewers who were the faculty members of environmental health departments. From those 40 articles were accepted for oral presentation and 300 for poster presentation. The scientific committee of the conference ultimately evaluated all posters and oral presentations and finally the best selected papers were awarded in the closing ceremony. We hope that the participants in this conference, following all their efforts, investigations and strives, play a valuable role in improving the health of humans throughout the world via sharing their valuable experiences to identify and control the environmental factors affecting health.

Dr. Parviz Ghezelbash Dr. Mohammad Reza Dr. Mazyar Peyda Mehrasbi Chairman Executive Secretary Scientific Secretary

Scientific Committee (Alphabetical Order)

Dr. Abbas Shahsavani Dr. Anooshiravan Mohseni Bandpey

Dr. Abdolkazem Neisi Dr. Arsalan Jamshidi

Dr. Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi Dr. Ashraf-ol Sadat Mesbah

Dr. Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor Dr. Azadeh Ghaffari

Dr. Afshin Maleki Dr. Bahram Kamarei

Dr. Ahamd Jonidi Jafari Dr. Behnam Barikbin

Dr. Ahmad Ameri Dr. Bijan Bina

Dr. Ahmad Mokhtari Dr. Ehsan Ahmadi

Dr. Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh Dr. Enayat Hashemi

Dr. Akbar Eslami Dr. Faranak Saghatchi

Dr. Ali Ahmad Aghapour Dr. Fariba Malekahmadi

Dr. Ali Akbar Meratan Dr. Fatemeh Jafari

Dr. Ali Almasi Dr. Ghasem Ali Omrani

Dr. Ali Assadi Dr. Gholamreza Shaghaghi

Dr. Ali Behroozy Dr. Gholamreza Goudarzi

Dr. Ali Jafari Dr. Gholamreza Jahed Khanniki

Dr. Ali Mohammadi Dr. Gholamreza Moussavi

Dr. Ali Naghizadeh Dr. Gholamreza Mostafaii

Dr. Alireza Mesdaghinia Dr. Gholamreza Sadeghi

Dr. Alireza Pendashteh Dr. Habibollah Kazemi

Dr. Alireza Rahmani Dr. Hamed Mohammadi

Dr. Alireza Shoghli Dr. Hamid Karyab

Dr. Allahbaksh Javid Dr. Hamidreza Pourzamani

Dr. Amir Hossein Mahvi Dr. Hamzeh Ali Jamali

Dr. Hassan Hassanzadazar Dr. Mojtaba Afsharnia

Dr. Hossein Alidadi Dr. Mazyar Peyda

Dr. Hossein Masoumbeigi Dr. Meghdad Pirsaheb

Dr. Hossein Movahedian Attar Dr. Mehdi Mokhtari

Dr. Kamyar Yaghmaeian Dr. Mehran Mohammadian Fazli

Dr. Kazem Naddafi Dr. Mehran Mohseni

Dr. Khalilollah Moeinian Dr. Mehrdad Farrokhi

Dr. Kobra Rostamizadeh Dr. Mitra Gholami

Eng. Kooshyar Azam Vaghefi Dr. Mohammad Ali Zazouli

Dr. Koorosh Kamali Dr. Mohammad Bagher Miranzadeh

Dr. Mahbubeh Ghochani Dr. Mohammad Hashemi

Dr. Mahdi Asadi-Ghalhari Dr. Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush

Dr. Mahdi Farzadkia Dr. Mohammad Hosseini

Dr. Mahdi Hadi Dr. Mohammad Malakootian

Dr. Mahdi Safari Dr. Mohammad Masoud Vakili

Dr. Mahmood Alimohammadi Dr. Mohammad Mehdi Amin

Dr. Mahmoud Shariat Dr. Mohammad Mosaferi

Dr. Mahnaz Nikaeen Dr. Mohammad Noori Sepehr

Dr. Majid Aminzare Dr. Mohammad Reza Khani

Dr. Mansour Ghiasedin Dr. Mohammad Reza Mehrasbi

Dr. Marjan Ghanbarian Dr. Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand

Dr. Maryam Ghanbarian Dr. Mohammad Soleiman Soltanpour

Dr. Maryam Khazaee-Pool Dr. Mohammadjavad Ghanadzadeh

Dr. Maryam Rohani Dr. Mohsen Ansari

Dr. Masoud Saatsaz Dr. Mohsen Arbabi

Dr. Masoud Yunesian Dr. Mohsen Farhadi

Dr. Mojtaba Raeisi Dr. Zahra Atafar

Dr. Nematollah Jaafarzadeh Dr. Zabihollah Yousefi

Dr. Parviz Ghezelbash Dr. Zohre Farahmandkia

Dr. Ramezan Ali Khamirchi

Dr. Ramin Kiamehr

Dr. Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi

Dr. Ramzan Ali Dianati Tilaki

Dr. Reza Dehghanzade Reyhani

Dr. Reza Rezaee

Dr. Reza Saeedi

Dr. Reza Shokoohi

Dr. Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary

Dr. Saeed Emadi

Dr. Saeed Sardari

Dr. Salman Khodaei Far

Dr. Seyed Javad Jafari

Dr. Seyed Reza Azimi Pirsaraei

Dr. Shirazeh Arghami

Dr. Shiva Akbari-Birgani

Dr. Simin Naseri

Dr. Sina Dobaradaran

Eng. Vahid Fallah Abadi

Dr. Vali Alipour

Dr. Yaghoub Hajizadeh

Executive Committee (Alphabetical Order)

Ahmad Asadi Fatemeh Salehi

Akbar Halvachi Gholamreza Alimohammadi

Ali Babaei Gholamreza Sadeghi

Ali Behroozy Giti Karimkhanlooei

Ali Qanbari Golara Jafari

Ali Shahbazi Hamid Qasemi

Aliasghar Molaei Hamidreza Abdollahi

Alireza Malekzadeh Hassan Seifi

Alireza Naser Ida Gholami

Alireza Shoghli Jafar Solati

Alireza Zeraatchi Jalil Abedini

Amir Kamyabi Jalil Khoshnoud

Amirali Pezeshki Jalil Nasiri

Behzad Moghanlou Jalil Rajabi

Davoud Ahani Jamal Kosarian

Davoud Rahmani Jamal Majidi

Eshrat Fathi Jamal Nasehifard

Faezeh Shami Kolsoum Ghaeblou

Farahnaz Mozaffari Kosar Mostafaei Nejad

Fariba Ghaffari Leila Eskandari

Farideh Alimorad Leila Moeini

Farzaneh Ebrahimi Leila Qorbani

Fatemeh Maleki Leila Rahmani

Fatemeh Salehi Maedeh Asadi

Mahdis Shokri Mohammad Taghi Bahrami

Mahmoud Fehresti Mohammadreza Afshar

Mahsa Ebrahimi Mohammadreza Masoumitabar zanjani

Mahsa Eskandari Mohammadreza Qasemi

Majid Aminzare Mohammadreza Saeini

Majid Asghari Mohsen Nasiri

Maryam Mohammadi Mohsen Shami

Maryam Rajabi Mousa mohammadi

Maryam Rostami Nahid Nabavi

Marziyyeh Hosseini Nasim MalekMohammadi

Marziyyeh Pourakbari Negar Hariri

Masoud Badaghi Parinaz Golmohammadifard

Masoud Rostamkhani Parisa Almasi

Masoumeh Salimi Parisa Fahoumand

Mazyar Peyda Soraya Mohammadi

Parisa Mostafavi Soudabeh Qasemi

Parviz Ghezelbash Qasem Mohammadi

Mehdi Heidari Rahman Minakhani

Mehdi Qadimi Rasoul Eftekhari

Mehdi Shams Reihanna Khalafi

Mehrdad Asghari Roqayyeh Eskandari

Mehri Hassanzadeh Roqayyeh Mohammadi

Mersedeh Qanbari Roqayyeh Mohammadi

Mina Akbari Rouhollah Karami

Mohammad Eskandari Roya Sharifi

Mohammad Reza Mehrasbi Sadeq Mofidi

Saeed Moharrami

Saeed Sardari

Salar Salkhordeh

Sama Bahrami Nejad

Sama Moharramzadeh

Samaneh Taghilou

Sara Balali

Sennor Shahmohammadi

Seyyed Abdorreza Valaei

Shaqayeq Nasiri

Soheila Moghanlou

Vahid Fallah Abadi

Zahra Arfa

Zahra Osanlou

Zohre Farahmandkia

Keynote Speakers

Prof. Seyed Majid Hassanizadeh

Fundamental theories of flow and transport in porous media -- averaging-thermodynamic methods; experimental and computational studies of flow and transport in complex porous media: diapers, paper, fuel cells, biological tissues, etc.; density-dependent flow and transport in porous media; modeling transport of micro-organisms in soil; modeling biodegradation and bioremediation processes; geohydrological aspects of disposal of radioactive waste in geological formations. Recipient of many awards and recognitions including von Humboldt Prize, ERC grant for advanced investigators, and Royal medal of honor of The Netherlands (Knight in the Order of Netherlands Lion). Emeritus professor of Environmental Hydrogeology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Managing Director of International Society for Porous Media (interpore.org)

Prof. Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria

Professor, Environmental Forensics and Environmental Pollution 1. Development, evaluation and field application of Molecular Markers 2. Development of analytical methods of emerging environmental contaminants and their applications 3. Understanding the distribution and behavior of organic contaminants in aquatic, air and biota 4. Transport processes of organic pollutants in environmental media 5. Development of monitoring methods for organic micro-pollutants Previous Appointments: - Visiting Scientist, State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (SKLOG), GIGCAS, China (03- 04, 2018) - Visiting Professor, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Taiwan (2017) - Associate Fellow, Inst. of Oceanography & Environment, and University Malaysia Terengganu (2014-present) - Founding Director, Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Universiti Putra Malaysia Current Position: Associate Member and Professor Institute of Ocean & Earth Sciences (IOES)

Prof. Dr. Andre Niemann

Hydraulic engineering and water resources management, sustainable urban water management, global water problems, wastewater treatment and ecological rehabilitation, fish migration concepts, water quality modelling and management incl. mass flow balancing, sustainable hydropower solutions. Head of the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU) at University of Duisburg-Essen

Prof. Jack Schijven

Professor Jack Schijven is a modeller at the department for statistics, informatics and modelling at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). He is professor by special appointment for Quantitative Microbiological Water Safety at Utrecht University. His field of research combines quantitative water microbiology, hydrology, geochemistry and risk analysis in an environmental and health sciences context. Transport models are being developed and embedded in quantitative microbiological risk assessments for public health purposes. The research is an important basis for drinking water policies in the Netherlands, but microbiological water safety also requires much attention in the rest of the world.

Dr. Brijesh Kumar Yadav

Is an Associate Professor at Department of Hydrology, IIT Roorkee since June 2012. He is an awardee of the prestigious Ramanujan Fellow by GOI and has received many research and constancy projects. Dr. Yadav received his B.E. from CTAE Udaipur and completed M.Tech. in Water Resources from IIT Delhi. Subsequently, he started his doctoral work at IIT Delhi. and moved to IHE Delft, Netherlands for two years. Then he moved to Utrecht University for his postdoctoral work in Department of Earth Sciences. Subsequently, he worked at University of California, Davis on subsurface modeling. From January 2011- June 2012, he was working at IIT Delhi before joining the faculty position at IIT Roorkee. His current research focuses on groundwater flow modelling, soil moisture and solute transport analysis, remediation of polluted sites, groundwater resources estimation, CO2 sequestration in subsurface and risk analysis. He has vast experience of working on simulation like MODFLOW, HYDRUS, COMSOL, STOMP etc. which are popularly used for groundwater management. Dr. Yadav has published more than 25 papers in international journals and made about 35 presentations at various conferences.

Dr. Amir Raoof

-Asst. Prof at research groups of Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of Utrecht University. -Lab director at Utrecht Multiscale Porous Media Lab Research Focus: Development and application of micro-scale modelling methods and experiments to explore contaminant and reactive solute transport under single phase and multiphase flow systems

Dr. Mozhgan Savabieasfahani

Is an environmental toxicologist. She is the winner of the 2015 Rachel Carson Prize which is awarded to distinguished woman who have done outstanding work for the environment. She is an environmental justice and public health advocate. She has related congenital anomalies in Iraqi children and infants to war contamination caused by US invasion and occupation of Iraq.

Prof. Jörg Spitz

Nuclear Medicine - Professor ship for nuclear medicine at the University of Mainz. - Member of the Executive Board of the "European Health Network" as well as founder of the "Society for Medical Information and Prevention" and the non-profit "German Foundation for Health Information and Prevention.

The Schedule of the Conference and the titles of oral presented papers

th First Day: 26 February, 2019 (Morning) Opening Session Recitation of Verses from the Holy Quran & National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran Welcome Speech by Dr. Parviz Ghezelbash, Chancellor of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and the Chairman of the Conference Speech by the Representative of the Supreme Leader in Zanjan Province

Speech by Dr. Hamelman, the Representative of WHO in Iran

Speech by Dr. Alieza Mesadaghinia, Head of the Iranian Association Of Environmental Health

Report of Dr. Mohammad Reza Mehrasbi, the Scientific Secretary of the Conference

Q & A

Session 1: Water and Wastewater Management Session Chair: Dr. Alireza Mosdaghinia-Dr. Zabihhollah Yousefi- Dr. Hossein Movahedian- Dr. Alireza Rahmani- Dr. Mehdi Farzadkia Dr. Ali Asadi Presentation Title Presenter Prof. André Upcoming Strategies, Technologies and Developments in Wastewater Treatment Niemann Effect of supporting electrolyte on nitrate and Echerichia coli removal using Seyyedeh electrochemical process with carbon cloth electrode Soraya Fazeli Optimization of adsorption conditions of dye on low-cost adsorbent using Afshin Shirin Response Surface Methodology Mahdieh Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol by UV/H2O2/ZnO process in Alam aqueous solution Gholiloo Efficient treatment of high saline petrochemical wastewater using heterogeneous Donya Khosh catalytic oxidation over MNPs@C/H2O2 system Khaze Optimization of a food wastewater treatment plant by using of enzymatic- Nader bacterial concentrated mixture and coagulants Salmani Khas Q & A

Session 2: Water and Wastewater Management

Session Chair: Dr. Simin Naseri - Dr. Mahmood Shariat - Dr. Bijan Bina - Dr. Mitra Gholami - Dr. Mohammad Mosaferi - Mr Kochiar Azam Vahifi - Dr Mohsen Arbabi Presentation Title Presenter Prof.Jack Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Drinking Water in The Netherlands Schijven Evaluation of Various Brands of Drinking Water Bottled in Polyethylene Alireza Ala Terephthalate Containers on the Release of Phthalate Esters Seyyed Synthesis of an Ion Exchange Resin Based on Green-Graphene Nanosheet Made Kamal from Agricultural Waste for Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solution Ghadiri Mozhgan Levels and Effective Factors on Haloacetic Acids Formation in Drinking Water Koshtkar Evaluation of Pollution and Zoning of Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium, and Ahmad Nickel) in Water and Sediment of Alagol Wetland Allah Abadi Investigating the Persian Gulf water Usage to Provide Water Supply for Omid Najaf Drinking and Industrials in South East Iran Abadi Pour Q & A Second Day: 27th February, 2019 (Morning) Parallel Session 3 (Hall A): Air Pollution and Climate Change

Session Chair: Dr. Kazem Nadafi – Dr. Ahmad Joneidi Jafari - Dr. Mohammad Malekutian - Dr. Abbas Shahsevani - Dr. Mohammad Hosseini - Dr. Yaghoub Hajizadeh – Dr. Hamed Mohammadi – Dr. Zohreh Farahmandkia Presentation Title Presenter Rapid Industrialization and Carbon Footprints in Southeast Asia: Problems Prof. and Solutions Mohammad PauziZakaria Effect of Rhmnolipidbiosurfactant on Biofiltration of N-hexane from the Yaghoub Contaminated Air Stream Hajizadeh Health Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Urmia City, NW Iran Amir Mohammadi Assessing the Effect of Climate change on T. aman (BR-11) Rice Cultivation: Milad Mosa Application of PRECIS and DSSAT Model Zadeh Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM10 and Cytotoxicity Effects Gholamreza in Vitro during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) Storms in Ahvaz, Iran Goodarzi Evaluating the release pattern of coagulation factors and inflammatory mediators from of Human Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Tina Shahani response to Natural and Synthetic Ultra-Fine Carbon Nanoparticles in vitro

Parallel Session 3 (Hall B): Food Safety Session Chair: Dr. Gholamreza Jahed - Dr. Saeed Emadi - Dr. Mehran Mohseni - Dr. Koorosh Kamali - Dr. Mohammad Hashemi - Dr. Mojtaba Reisi - Dr. Majid Amin Zare Presentation Title Presenter Living near an Active US. Military Base in Iraq is Associated with Dr. Mozhgan Significantly Higher Hair Thorium and Increased Likelihood of Congenital Savabieasfahani Anomalies Infants Comparison the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Traditional Yogurt Asghar Masihi with Probiotic and Probiotic Yogurts Contain Jashir (Prangosferulacea) Nejad New approach in occurrence of Ochratoxin A level in Cereal-based Baby Mir Jamal Foods collected from Iran Hoseini Evaluation of The Microbial Load of The Surfaces and Facilities of the Mehrdad Selected Food Production and Distribution Centers in City Using Zanganeh Rapid Sanitation Assays First Detection of Siberian Subtype of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) Angineh Viral RNA in Raw Milk Samples in Northwest of Iran Parsadanians Effect of edible carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coating incorporated with Hassan Hassan nanoemulsion of pistachia atlantica subsp. Kurdica essential oil against Azar Escherichia coli inoculated in Salmon fillet Q & A

Session 4: Water and Waste Water Management Session Chair: Dr. Amir Hossein Mahvi - Dr. Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh - Dr. Arsalan Jamshidi – Dr. Ali Almasi- Dr. Mohammad Ali Zazouli - Dr Mahmoud Alimohammadi - Dr. Gholam Reza Mousavi Presentation Title Presenter Dr.Brijesh Engineered Bioremediation of Polluted Sites kumar Sono-photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A Using Ferroferric Oxide Fatemeh Ali Supported on Porous Carbon Coupled with Peroxymonosulfate Beigi Investigation of Treatment of Oilfield Produced Water in Moving Bed Reihaneh Bioreactor (MBBR) Using Immobilization of Isolated Halophillic Hassan Zadeh Microorganisms on Walnut Shell Performance Evaluation of Saline Urban Wastewater Treatment Using Hybrid Nader Salmani Activated Sludge Process Khas Biodecolorization of textile reactive azo dyes using newly bacteria strains Soleyman isolated from dairy effluents Forozandeh Removal of tetracycline in the Fenton-like process by pyrite nanoparticles Khatereh derived mine debris: characterization, mechanism and catalytic activity Akbarmojenni Q & A

Session 5: Modeling and Emission of Pollutants Session Chair: Dr. Mohammad Reza Mehrasbi- Dr. Habib Allah Kazemi-Dr. Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush -Dr. Roshanak Rezaei-Dr. Ramin Nabizadeh- Dr. Mehrdad Farrokhi Presentation Title Presenter Removal of Viruses from Drinking Water By Passage through Soil; Effect of Prof. Majid Geochemical Conditions Hassanizadeh Mohammad PM10 and its effect on mortality and morbidity among people of Bishkek and Javad Ilam Mohammadi Estimation of health impacts mortality Attributed to long-term exposure to Afsaneh Karimi PM2.5 in Ahvaz city using AirQ + model during 2014-2017 Diversity, abundance and the amount of trace metals in zooplanktons along the Farshid northern part of the Persian Gulf, Iran Soleymani Optimization of UV-Electroproxone a hybrid process in potassium persulfate Jamal Mehr Ali presence to treatment of leachate with Design Expert 10.0.01 software: Pour Determine operating cost and sludge variations Investigation of the Effects of Palladium on Growth Rate and Active Oxygen Parvin Fathi Radicals (ROS) Production in Chlorella Vulgaris Algae Sola Q & A

Session 6: Urban and Industrial Waste Management Session Chair: Dr.Ghasemali Omrani - Dr. Kamyar Yaghmaeiyan - Dr. Nematollah Jafarzadeh - Dr. Mehdi Mokhtari - Dr.Akbar Eslami - Dr. Ali Asghar Najafpour - Dr Mehran Mohammadian Fazli Presentation Title Presenter Application of Microscopic Models to Determine the Hydraulic Properties of Dr. Amir Soils And Rocks Needed to Predict the Movement of Pollutants for Better Raoof Waste Management Feasibility Study of Lead and Zinc Metals Removal from Paint Sludge with Rahman Ghomi Biological Sludge, Using Vermicompost by E.Feotida (Case Study: Saipa Avili Automotive Industry) Mehdi Ghayeb Examining Waste Management Condition in Hospitals Zadeh Application of Multi-Criterion Decision Making Approach in Management of Reza Ghanbari Health-care Waste in Rural Areas: A Quantitative Study in Iran Production of biodiesel from restaurant waste frying oils using potassium Najmeh Masihi hydroxide as a catalyst Investigation of Coagulation and Ultrasonic Processes in Removal Of COD Sepideh Tusi and Color of Solid Waste Leachate zadeh Q & A

Third Day: 28th February, 2019 (Morning) Session 7: Generalities of Environmental Health Session Chair: Dr. Massoud Younesian-Dr. Ahmad Ameri - Dr. Ashraf Al-Sadat Mesbah - Dr. Anooshiravan Mohseni Bandpei - Dr. Mohammad Nouri Sepehr – Dr. Sina Do Baradaran - Dr. Maryam Ruhani - Dr. Gholamreza Mostafaei Presentation Title Presenter Investigating the Cadmium Amount and Assessing the Health Risk in Different Mahbubeh Food Groups Consumed by a Population of Adult in Ghochani Determination of Heavy Metals in Vegetables Irrigated with Treated Municipal Fateh Hossein Wastewater Using New Microextraction Technique and GFAAS Zadeh Hossein Non-cancer Risk Assessment of Hg and Cu in Streets Dusts of Zahedan Kamani The Survey of the Environmental Health Status and Safety of Public and Non- Hossein Ali Public Elementary Schools in in 2017 dadi Evaluation of Chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Water Entrance to Parisa Rusta Dialysis Machines, its Comparison with AMMI Standards in Alborz Medical Azad Sciences Hospital in 1396 Prof.Jörg Without Environment there is no life Spitz Q & A

Closing Ceremony

Table of Contents

Air Quality and Climate Changes ...... 49 Legal liability of the governments towards the right on clean air from the perspective of philosophy of law ...... 50 The Effects of International Oil Sanctions on the Rate of Air Pollution Deaths in Tehran during 2011-2012 ...... 51 The health impacts mortality on long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Ahvaz city using AirQ + model during 2014-2017 ...... 52 Does Acid Rain Cause Autumn Respiratory Difficulties In Ahwaz? ...... 53 Health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) in Urmia NW Iran ...... 55 PM10 and its effect on mortality and morbidity rates among the people of Bishkek and Ilam ...... 56 Effect of personal characteristics on the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice of university students about air pollution problem; the case study of Firoozabad (2018) ...... 57 Non-cancer Risk Assessment of Hg and Cu in Streets Dusts of Zahedan ...... 58 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM10 and cytotoxicity effects in vitro during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) storms in Ahvaz, Iran ...... 59 The effect of rhmnolipid biosurfactant on Biofiltration of n-hexane from the contaminated air stream ...... 60 Spatio-seasonal variation of Airborne Asbestos Concentration in High Traffic Areas of Yazd, Iran ...... 61 Effect of climate change on T. aman (BR-11) rice cultivation in Bangladesh: Application of PRECIS and DSSAT models ...... 62 Spatial Variability Analysis of Lead in Street Dust of Zanjan City ...... 63 Monitoring and Modeling of Particle and volatile organic compounds concentration in Air of Gorgan City ...... 64 Identification and determination allergen cladosporium spores in Ahvaz wastewater treatment plant ambient air and their relationship with meteorological parameters ...... 65 Investigating the effect of UV radiation changes and substrate temperature in photocatalytic destruction of toluene in a circular fluid substrate reactor ...... 67 Isolation of Aspergillus Specious in Indoor Space, a Case Study in Wards of Children Hospital in ...... 68

Investigation of Metals in outdoor PM2.5 in Bushehr Port...... 69

Temporal variations of PM2.5 during 1393-1395 in Tabriz city ...... 70 Determination of enrichment factors and bioavailability indices of heavy metals in high traffic areas in Tehran city 71 Infrastructure of Technical Inspection Centers of Light and Heavy Vehicles (Case Study: Karaj City) ...... 72 Legal liability of the governments towards the right on clean air from the perspective of philosophy of law ...... 73 Water and Wastewater Management ...... 75

Photo-induced removal of I.C. Reactive Orange 122 by N-TiO2/g-C3N4 under Vis light irradiation ...... 76 Ozone and NaOCl Performance for Modifying Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Removal Pharmaceutical Cantaminant ...... 77 Evaluating the release pattern of coagulation factors and inflammatory mediators from of Human Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells in response to Natural and Synthetic Ultra-Fine Carbon Nanoparticles in vitro ..... 78 Investigation of removal of residual water scraps using ammonium chloride-activated carbon ...... 80 The investigation of the performance of UV-LED lamps on photocatalytic activation of titanium dioxide in removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol ...... 81 Removal of Zinc by live Phanerochate Chrysosporium and analysis of variables...... 82 Health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water in the Khash city of Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran ...... 83 Performance Evaluation of saline urban wastewater treatment using hybrid activated sludge process ...... 84

Prediction of TDS, EC and SAR Indices of Karoon River using artificial neural networks (Case study: Ahvaz and Molasani stations) ...... 85 Removal of Amoxicillin Antibiotic from wastewater and Aqueous Solutions Using Magnetic Nanoparticles derived from Olive Kernel: Isotherm Study and Absorption Kinetics ...... 86 Study of Electrocoagulation on removal of coliforms from hospital wastewater ...... 87 Metronidazole removal by activated carbon prepared of plantain wood from aqueous solution ...... 88 Evaluation of physical, chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water in Gatab distribution system...... 89 Effect of reaction of Fenton and Nanosilica absorbent in the treatment of Solid waste leachate at Saravan-rasht-Iran: :Saravan ...... 90 Determining the efficiency of the vetiver plant with artificial wetland to remove anionic surfactant, hospital laundry wastewater ...... 91 Evaluating the Performance of the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Imam reza Hospital in Amol City and Comparison effluent quality with discharge standards in 1396 ...... 92 Evaluate the performance of fixed bed compilation of waste water treatment plant in the amol industrial town ...... 94 Evaluating the effectiveness of the plant with the hydroponic culture to remove LAS Anionic Surfactant from Hospital Laundry Wastewater ...... 95 Investigating the effect of storage conditions on the release of phthalate esters in bottled water in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ...... 96 Evaluation of South Tehran wastewater treatment plant Accumulated Sludge Microbial Quality ...... 97 Evaluating the effect of Nickle oxide nanoparticle on the activation of hydrogen peroxide for the removing of Cephalexin from synthetic wastewater ...... 98 Modeling and optimization of electrochemical active chlorine production from synthetic saline solutions using central composite design (CCD) for drinking water disinfection ...... 99 Investigation efficiency granular magnetic chitosan adsorbent in Removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions 100

Optimization of UV/H2O2/Fe3O4 process to remove Aniline from aqueous solutions using central composite methology ...... 101

Photocatalytic Removal of Catechol from aqueous solutions using UV/퐅퐞ퟐ퐎ퟑ and Fe2O3/sunlight Processes ...... 102 Optimization of UV-Electroproxone a hybrid process in potassium persulfate presence to treatment of leachate with Design Expert 10.0.01 software: Determine operating cost and sludge variations ...... 103 BTEX removal from aqueous solutions by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with homogenizer ...... 104 Investigation and zonation of physicochemical parameters of Ala Gol wetland water ...... 105 Efficiency investigation of sepiolite- nano zero-valent iron in removal of metoprolol from aqueous solution ...... 106 Classification and hydrogeochemical facies of Badamak water well ...... 107 Salinity, corrosion and scaling of Badamak water well ...... 108 The evolution of rural water networks in Tehran province ...... 109 Evaluating of the efficiency of ZnO and WO3 catalysts combined with ultraviolet light and ultrasonic in removing β- lactam antibiotics from aqueous solutions ...... 110 Survey and identification of Enteroviruses in wastewater treatment plant by RT-PCR method ...... 111 Metronidazole antibiotic removal from aqueous solutions by Up flow fixed-bed column packed with sucrose-modified pumice: Thomas and the Adams–Bohart modeling ...... 112 Removal of Nitrate from Drinking Water by Mixotrophic Denitrification with elemental Sulfur and changes of hardness, alkalinity and sulfate during Process ...... 113 Using respirometric techniques for investigation of the effects of AlkylPhenolic compounds on kinetic coefficients and biomass activity in Moving Bed Bio Reactor...... 114

Biological Removal of Sulfate from water by Using Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Changing Sulfide, Hardness and Alkalinity during Process ...... 116 Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources villages using drinking water quality index (DWQI) with application of ArcGIS in Iran ...... 117 Preparation of polyaniline/HPC nanocomposite for the removal of Hg(ІІ) from aqueous media ...... 118 Removal of Hg(II) from Water using Polythiophene/PVP Nanocomposite ...... 119 Biodecolorization of textile reactive azo dyes using newly bacteria strains isolated from dairy effluents ...... 120 Optimization of ethylbenzene removal from aqueous media by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process using magnesium oxide nanoparticles ...... 121 Comparison of performance of silver nanoparticle fixed onto modified 푭풆ퟑ푶ퟒ using 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (푭풆ퟑ푶ퟒ-Ag) and silver nanoparticle on Alumina in MPN removal from water ...... 122 Efficient treatment of high saline petrochemical wastewater using heterogeneous catalytic oxidation over MNPs@C/H2O2 system ...... 123 The evaluation of facultative stabilization pond on coliform bacteria removal ...... 124 Evaluation of sonolysis and photocatalytic process on antibiotic degradation from aqueous solution ...... 125 Β-lactam antibiotic degradation from aqueous solution by UV/ZnO/ultrasonic ...... 126 Mercury removal from aqueus solutions by the palm leaves adsorbent ...... 127 The efficiency of anaerobic stabilization pond and wetland on wastewater treatment plant ...... 128 "Investigation of chromium (VI) and Cyanide removal Efficiency using Modified Salvadora Persica stem Sawdust from aqueous solutions." ...... 129 Evaluation of the groundwater quality of Yazd-Ardakan plain for drinking using GQI Index and GIS ...... 130 Determination of heavy metals in vegetables irrigated with treated municipal wastewater using new microextraction technique and GFAAS ...... 131

Technical investigation of chemical scrubber in removal of H2S and NH3 from wastewater treatment plant ...... 132 A survey on microbial quality of water in natural marine beaches in Jask port, Makran coasts...... 133 Evaluating the desorption of hexavalent chromium from activated carbon produced from Date fruit residues using various acidic and basic solutions ...... 134 A survey on the stability indices of drinking water produced by reverse osmosis systems in ocean-going ships located in Persian Gulf ...... 135 Removal of Penicillin G from aqueous environments by Nanoparticles Zero Valent Iron and Ozonation process... 136 Chromium biosorption from aqueous environments by mucilaginous seeds of Cydonia oblonga ...... 137 Wastewater Treatment in the slaughterhouse industry using electrocoagulation process: Investigation of operational parameters and evaluation of electrical energy ...... 138 Mineralization and detoxification of Paraquat from industrial wastewater using electro Fenton process: Removal rate and degradation mechanism issues ...... 139

Application of Electro-Fenton Process(EFP) with Nanografen- Titanium Electrodes in presence of Fe3O4.nMgO Nanocomposite and Moving Bed Bioreactor(MBBR) in Treatment of Textile Wastewater: A Case Study ...... 140 Preparation, Characterization of Activated Carbon Biomass and adsorption Potential of Atrazine herbicide from contaminated water ...... 142 Fabrication of Cu doped ZnO nanorods and its application for photocatalytic reduction of Hexavalent Chromium from synthetic, real water and electroplating effluent samples under LED light irradiation ...... 143 Feasibility study of Lead and zinc removal from paint sludge with biological sludge, using vermicompost by E.Feotida (case study: Saipa automotive industry) ...... 144 Effective Parameters, Equilibrium and Kinetics of Fluoride Adsorption on Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini leaves ...... 145

Fabrication of Cu doped ZnO nanorods and its application for photocatalytic reduction of Hexavalent Chromium from synthetic, real water and electroplating effluent samples under LED light irradiation ...... 146 Feasibility study of Lead and zinc removal from paint sludge with biological sludge, using vermicompost by E.Feotida (case study: Saipa automotive industry) ...... 147 Effective Parameters, Equilibrium and Kinetics of Fluoride Adsorption on Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini leaves ...... 148 Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Electrofenton Process in removal of penicillin G from aqueous solutions ...... 149 The Impact of Microbiological Quality Control Accreditation Process on Identification and Risk Assessment of Critical Points in Water Safety Plan in Qom Province ...... 150 Performance Evaluation of Tannic Acid Removal by Nano polyamidoamine Dendrimer from Aqueous Solution .. 151 Fabrication of Cu doped ZnO nanorods and its application for photocatalytic reduction of Hexavalent Chromium from synthetic, real water and electroplating effluent samples under LED light irradiation ...... 152 Effective Parameters, Equilibrium and Kinetics of Fluoride Adsorption on Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini leaves ...... 153 Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Electrofenton Process in removal of penicillin G from aqueous solutions ...... 154 A Survey on the relationship between drinking water fluoride concentration with DMFT index in 7-12 years old students in Sarayan county ...... 155 Sono-photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A using ferroferric oxide supported on porous carbon coupled with peroxy monosulfate ...... 156 Removal of Remazol Black B from aqueous solution using chitin and chitosan: Equilibrium, kinetics and regeneration studies ...... 157 Removal of nitrate from aqueous solution using nanocrystalline cellulose Modified by Cationic Surfactant ...... 158 Performance evaluation of tertiary treatment via ultrafiltration: Case study in Isfahan –Industrial wastewater treatment plant ...... 159 Characterization, Modeling, and Optimization: Acid Blue 92 Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Neodymium oxide Nanocomposite...... 160

Removal of Remazol Black B from solution aqueous using P/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: Synthesis, physical characterization, Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies ...... 161 Investigating the status of water resources management in Doroodzan dam of Fars province ...... 162 Evaluation of advanced wastewater treatment by ultrafiltration: Case study in Isfahan –Industrial wastewater treatment plant ...... 163 Optimization of a food wastewater treatment plant using enzymatic-bacterial concentrated mixture and coagulants ...... 164 Evaluation of phosphorus removal from filtered effluent of activated sludge using the electrochemical process ..... 165 Evaluation of physicochemical quality of water sources in Assad Abad city of the Year (2011-2017)...... 166 Persian Gulf as a source of water for Drinking and industrial usage in South East Iran ...... 168 Microbiological Quality Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Supplies in Iran ...... 169 Data on Nitrate–Nitrite Pullotion in the groundwater resources of Sonqor plain in Iran ...... 170 Drinking water quality using water quality index(WQI) and assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in Qorveh&Dehgolan, Kurdistan, Iran ...... 171 Investigation amount of COD removal from wastewater containing olive oil by electrocoagulation: study of kinetic models ...... 172 In situ production of iron by electrochemical process for homogeneous catalytic ozonation of landfill leachate: Kinetic study ...... 173 Survey of photocatalytic process using magnesium oxide nanoparticles for amoxicillin removal from aqueous solution ...... 174

Efficiency evaluation of photocatalytic process using ZnO nano catalyst for removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by response surface methodology ...... 175 Evaluation the efficiency of the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic by cobalt ferrite modified with copper sulfide magnetic nanocomposite from aqueous solutions ...... 176 Removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions using cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles: study of isotherm and kinetic adsorption ...... 177 Data on Nitrate–Nitrite Pullotion in the groundwater resources of Sonqor plain in Iran ...... 178 Drinking water quality using water quality index(WQI) and assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in Qorveh&Dehgolan, Kurdistan, Iran ...... 179 Investigation amount of COD removal from wastewater containing olive oil by electrocoagulation: study of kinetic models ...... 180 In situ production of iron by electrochemical process for homogeneous catalytic ozonation of landfill leachate: Kinetic study ...... 181 Survey of photocatalytic process using magnesium oxide nanoparticles for amoxicillin removal from aqueous solution ...... 182 Efficiency evaluation of photocatalytic process using ZnO nano catalyst for removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by response surface methodology ...... 183 Evaluation the efficiency of the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic by cobalt ferrite modified with copper sulfide magnetic nanocomposite from aqueous solutions ...... 184 Removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions using cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles: study of isotherm and kinetic adsorption ...... 185 An innovative approach to attached cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using different materials...... 186 Optimization of the electrochemical and physical hybrid process to remove COD from Carwash Industrial Wastewater ...... 187 Investigating the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite synthesized in removing excess amounts of fluoride ions from aqueous solutions ...... 189 Evaluation of chitosan function as a natural extract of sea shellfish in removal of penicillin G from aquatic environments ...... 190 Chemical quality evaluation for the inlet and outlet water taken from of the desalination plants utilized in Dashtestan during 2018 ...... 191 Electro-oxidation process efficiency in saline wastewater treatment: optimization by response surface methodology ...... 192 Optimization of Chromium Removal from Electroplating Industries Wastewater Using Forward Osmosis Process 193 Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution Using K10 montmorillonite Nanoclay ...... 194 Investigation of coagulation and ultrasonic processes in removal of COD and color of solid waste leachate...... 195 Evaluating the effect of granular activated carbon on the removal of 2- Chlorophenol from aqueous solutions using MW/ H2O2 / GAC ...... 196 Comparison of performances the quartz-sand and steel industry slag beds in removing COD, BOD and turbidity from the effluent of wastewater treatment by double layer filtration method...... 197

Study the removal of Amoxicillin from aqueous solutions using UV activated persulfate (UV254/PS) based advanced oxidation process ...... 198 Removal of Amoxicillin from hospital wastewater by Ozone/ZnO photocatalytic processes ...... 199 Investigating the Function of the Bioreactor in Amoxicillin Removal ...... 200 Synthesis of ion exchange resin based on Green-Graphene Nanosheet made from agricultural waste for nitrate removal ...... 201 Investigation of Residual Concentration of Organochlorine, Organophosphorous and Carbamate Pesticides in Urban Drinking Water Networks of Province in 2018 ...... 202

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Subsurface Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal and Vertical Flow ...... 203 Evaluating feasibility of advanced nitrogen and phosphor removal from outlet effluent of aerobic ponds using horizontal filtration with steel industrial slag ...... 204 Removal of Phenol from Steel Wastewater by Combined Electrocoagulation with Photo-Fenton ...... 205 Determination of nitrate removal by electrocoagulation process using alternating current ...... 206 Evaluation of acute toxicity of effluents of industrial wastewater treatment plants of industrial towns of Gorgan city using biomonitoring ...... 207 Investigation of Catalytic Ozonation Performance Using Calcium Oxide in the Removal of Congo Red Textile Dye from Aqueous Solutions ...... 208 Investigation of the Efficiency of Hydrogen Peroxide in Removal of Sulfamethoxazole from Municipal Wastewater Effeluent ...... 209

A review on the efficiency of the modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from the aqueous environment ...... 210 Removal of nitrate by cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles from aqueous solutions: Study of isotherm adsorption 211 Modeling and Optimization of photocatalytic removal of antibiotic Tetracycline from aqueous solution using ZTO synthesized by hydrothermal process ...... 212 Efficiency of phenol Removal by using LECA Adsorbent from aqueous solutions ...... 213 Trophic State Modeling in Dez Reservoir Using Support Vector Machines ...... 214 Synthesis and evaluation of iron-zirconium/chitosan magnetic nanocomposite for adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solutions ...... 215 Magnetic adsorption/pre-concentration of Nitrobenzene using Fe3O4@GO nanocomposite: Process modeling, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic ...... 216 Application of artificial neural network–genetic algorithm in prediction and optimization of catalytic degradation process: 2-Chlorophenol removal using ultrasound-Fe3O4@TiO2 hybrid system ...... 217 Synthesis and evaluation of iron-zirconium/chitosan magnetic nanocomposite for adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solutions ...... 218 Magnetic adsorption/pre-concentration of Nitrobenzene using Fe3O4@GO nanocomposite: Process modeling, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic ...... 219 Application of artificial neural network–genetic algorithm in prediction and optimization of catalytic degradation process: 2-Chlorophenol removal using ultrasound-Fe3O4@TiO2 hybrid system ...... 220 Antibiotics removal by catalytic ozonation advanced oxidation process from aqueous solutions ...... 221 Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and loaded on activated carbon as new adsorbent for removal of acid black 5 from aqueous solution: Kinetic and isotherm study ...... 222 Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Coated on Activated Carbon Made from Mango Seed in Removing Acid Black 1 from Aqueous Solutions ...... 223 Optimization of Adsorption conditions of dye on low-cost adsorbent using Response Surface Methodology ...... 224 Use of chemical activation method for the preparation of activated carbon from cherry tree waste and its application in removing cationic contaminants from aqueous environments ...... 225

Removal of basic violet 16 (BV16) dye from aqueous solution using adsorption on Fe3O4 Nano sized magnetic zeolite ...... 226

The efficiency of activated carbon prepared from beech tree be magnetized nanoparticles by Fe3O4 to remove Cephalexin from aqueous solution: Isotherm and kinetic's study of adsorption process ...... 227 Removal of Reactive dye from aqueous Solutions by filamintos algae ...... 228

Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol by UV/H2O2/ZnO process in aqueous solution ...... 230 A study of the Acanthamoeba species in ponds water of parks in Mashhad city ...... 231

Investigation of stability indices and Sodium absorption ratio by Neuro-fuzzy inference system Prediction: Case study Lordegan ...... 232 Investigation of chemical quality of bottled water in Mashhad, Iran ...... 233

Performance evaluation of UV/O3 Process degrading Methyl tert-butyl Ether (MTBE) in Aqueous Solutions ...... 234 Evaluation and Investigation of Advanced Oxidation System (Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Persulfate) in PAHs Contaminated Urban Sewage Sludge Treatment ...... 235 Modification of activated carbon with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle composite for removal of ceftriaxone from aquatic solutions ...... 236 Application of Ozonation process in removal of Ceftazide from synthetic wastewater ...... 237 Environmental risk assessment in Waster water plants...... 238 Removal of tetracycline in the Fenton-like process by pyrite nanoparticles derived from mine debris: characterization, mechanism and catalytic activity ...... 239 Selection of wastewater treatment process based on the analytical hierarchy process in Zanjanrood catchment ...... 240 A review on utilization of Azolla in wastewater treatment ...... 241 Investigating the Effect of pH on Physico-chemical Properties of Paper and pulp Recycling Industrial Wastewater Using Fungal Strains ...... 242 Survey of nitrate and fluoride levels in drinking water in rural areas of and Bajistan ...... 243 Efficiency of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in Phenol removal from aquatic solution ...... 244

Paper Efficiency comparison of Fenton and nanoFenton (nZVI +H2O2) process for acid red 18 dye removal from the synthetic wastewater ...... 245 Removal of Diazinon from Aqueous Solutions by Zeolite Modified with Cationic Surfactant Hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide ...... 246 Investigation of the combined coagulation and Fenton oxidation process for the Co-amoxiclav removal from aqueous solution ...... 247 Investigation on Industrial Waste Water Reuse of Industrial Towns for Agricultural and Irrigation Uses (Case Study: Treatment Plant of Ardebil 2 Industrial Town) ...... 248 Heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like degradation of aniline and benzotriazole using magnetic heterojunction catalyst II III (PAC@Fe Fe2 O4)...... 249 Use of Lepidium sativum. mucilaginous as a natural coagulant for the carpet cleaning wastewater treatment ...... 250 Evaluation of COD and turbidity removal from woodchips wastewater using combined coagulation and Fenton oxidation process ...... 251 Treatment of pulp and paper wastewater by combined SBR (anaerobic)-Fenton and by modeling neural network . 252 Study of Fenton Advanced Oxidation Technique For Spinning Industry Wastewater Treatment With Polyester Yarn Fiber ...... 253 Treatment of oilfield produced water in moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) using immobilization of isolated Halophillic microorganisms on walnut shell ...... 254 Case study: Pretreatment and removal of antibiotics from synthetic wastewater by ozonation...... 255 Efficiency investigation of electro-Fenton process in olive mill wastewater treatment ...... 256 Feasibility study of Lead and zinc removal from paint sludge with biological sludge, using vermicompost by E.Feotida (case study: Saipa automotive industry) ...... 257 Evaluation and Investigation of Advanced Oxidation System (Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Persulfate) in PAHs Contaminated Urban Sewage Sludge Treatment ...... 259 Determination of microbial contamination of drinking water in motels located in the coastal strip of Babolsar in two seasons of winter and spring 2018 ...... 260 Investigation of removal of residual water scraps using ammonium chloride-activated carbon ...... 261

Survey the efficiency of Zeolite/ABR reactor in COD removal from compost leachate ...... 262 Study of microbiological quality of natural swimming water of the Caspian sea in ,iran ...... 263 Investigation of copper oxide nanoparticles for degradation of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions by UV-assisted advanced oxidation process (AOP): process optimization through response surface methodology (RSM) ...... 264 Isotherm and kinetic studies of fluoride adsorption by a novel adsorbent-Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-8 (ZIF-8) 265 Adsorption of 2, 4 dinitrophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Ordered Mesoporous Carbon CMK-3 ...... 266 Food Safety ...... 267 Effects of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) biodegradable film incorporated with nanoemulsion of Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica essential oil against Esherichia coli inoculated in Salmon fillet ...... 268 New approach in occurrence of Ochratoxin A level in Cereal-based Baby Foods collected from Iran ...... 269 Evaluating the quality of bread and health indicators of bakeries in Chalous city in 2017...... 270 Measurement of the salts consumed in Public places and food distribution centers in Qom and assessing the attitude and function of post-training providers 2017-2018 ...... 271 Assessing knowledge and attitudes toward fast foods among students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2017 ...... 273 Survey On Attitude And Knowledge Of The Role Of Preservatives Grocery Packed At Student University Of Medical Sciences In Mashhad...... 274 Cadmium concentration and health risk assessment in different food groups in Tehran ...... 275 Comparison of the microbial load of staff before and after proper hand washing in Marvdasht City (Fars province) ...... 276 Investigation of Fungal conyamination in Flours in Sarayan bakeries in 1396 ...... 277 Physicochemical and sensory properties of traditional, probiotic and jashir containing probiotic yogurts (Prangos ferulacea) ...... 278 A Review on Carbon Dots and Their Application in Food ...... 280 Investigating the causes of bread quality decline in Ahvaz city ...... 281 Fluoride concentration of commercial dairy milk in Iran ...... 282 Investigation the amount of bacterial infection of Salmonella in industrial and local eggs of Hamedan city ...... 283 Evaluation of Chromium contamination in irrigated vegetables by industrial wastewater treatment plant effluent .. 284 The effect of alcohol consumption on carcinogens from the point of view of Islam and medicine ...... 285 Analysis of microbial condition with a luminometer device in bakeries of Mashhad in 2018 ...... 286 Toxicity evaluation of the hospital raw and treated wastewater on seed germination, root growth, stem and leaf of some vegetables ...... 287 Investigation of the Effect of Electromagnetic Beam on Shigella Dysenteriae in Beef ...... 288 Evaluation of the microbial load the surface of facilities in the selected food supply and distribution centers using rapid sanitation assays in Malayer-Iran ...... 289 First detection of Siberian subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) viral RNA in raw milk samples in Northwest of Iran ...... 290 Modelling and Emission of Pollutants ...... 291 Modelling of transformation procedure of heavy metals in liquids waste resulting from landfill in the underground sources of Boroujen Township using MT3DMS code ...... 292 Study of noise pollution in Semnan city ...... 293 Evaluation of pollution and zoning of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and nickel) in water and sediment of Alagol wetland ...... 294

Molecular detection of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae bacteria by PCR in ballast water of commercial ships entering the Bushehr port ...... 295 Cigarette butts abundance and association of metals along the Persian Gulf beach ...... 296 Life Cycle assessment and comparison of different urban waste management scenarios based on the IWM1 model (Case study: Nour City) ...... 298 Association of benzene exposure with insulin resistance and oxidative stress in children and adolescents ...... 299 Health effects of Ahvaz Megacity Criteria Air Pollutants (MCAP) in Humans during 2010-2013...... 300 Investigation of organophosphorous pesticide in serum blood using liquid-liquid Microextraction Method by HPLC ...... 302 The Effect of exposure to ambient air pollutants on cardiovascular mortality in Arak, Iran ...... 303 Finding an urban landfill with GIS and multi-variable analysis in Bojnoord Plain ...... 304 Environmental Impact Assessment of stone quarries Using RIAM Method (Case Study: two Granite and Marble stone quarries) ...... 305 Modeling and optimization of US-Electroproxone process (US-EPP) in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by RSM: Case study ...... 307 The mathematical model for the collection of municipal solid waste with a minimum of cost at the best place ...... 308 Evaluation of the Subway Role in Air Pollution Reduction ...... 309 Zoning of qualitative variables of groundwater using by GIS ...... 310 Assessment of cigarette accessibility on men smoker population in rural areas, A case study...... 311 Investigation of coliform contamination of the Balikhloo River of Ardebil in the upstream of Yamchi Dam ...... 312 Students health management based on designing and implementing a sustainable supply chain with an emphasis on quality and environment)A Case Study at Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch( ...... 313 RISK ASSESSMENT OF NON - CANCER DISEASES OF HEAVY METALS AND SOURCE APPORTIONMENT IN THE AIR OF HIGH TRAFFIC ZONE ...... 314 Molecular detection of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae bacteria by PCR in ballast water of commercial ships entering the Bushehr port ...... 315 Choosing the Best Model to Describe the PM2.5 Concentration of Urban Areas’ Air...... 316 Historical and Legal Study of the International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties 1969 and Its Additional Protocol in the field of law Of the Sea ...... 317 Urban and Industrial Waste Management ...... 318 Survey Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of hospital solid waste in the Mazandaran province ...... 319 A review of municipal sewage sludge compost with a variety of biological Waste ...... 320 II III PAC@Fe Fe2 O4 heterojunction composite coupled with ozone for efficient treatment of refractory petrochemical wastewater over catalytic ozonation ...... 321 Investigation of economic and environmental features of dry solid waste recycling ...... 322 Production of a high surface activated carbon from Date Press Pulp, an agro-industrial waste, through dry thermochemical activation by KOH ...... 323 Quantitative Study of Residues of Imam Ali Hospital in Sarayan during 2016-2017 ...... 324 The assessment of The Effect of Waste Management Education on Knowledge, Attitude, and practice of High School Students in with Peer Education Approach in 2016-2017 ...... 325 Study of modern and practical appraces of education, cultivation and citizen participation attraction in waste management ...... 326 Evaluation of municipal compost maturity with different methods ...... 327

Data on treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in a Full-Scale System using anaerobic and facultative lagoons, Qom, Iran ...... 328 Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of contributors to the waste recycling program in small cities ...... 329 Variation Trend of Mineral Elements during Composting after Treatment with Agricultural Waste...... 330 Environmental Variables Affecting Site Selection for Disposal of Hazardous Municipal Solid waste ...... 331 Effect of vermicompost using onto Cadmium heavy metal adsorption in Vital organs of Raphanus sativus plant ... 332 Multi-Criterion Decision Making Approach in Management of Health-care Centers Waste in Qazvin Rural Areas: A Quantitative Study in Iran ...... 333 Spatial Distribution of Water salinity in the drinking water resources of villages ...... 334 The production of vermicompost from saline sesame waste and the effect of salinity on the growth of worms ...... 335 Production of biodiesel from restaurant waste frying oils using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst ...... 336 Causes of Management of Special and Industrial Waste Management in Zanjan Province ...... 337 A review of plastic use in agriculture on the environment ...... 338 Municipal Waste Landfill Site Selection using Analytical Hierarchy Method in Khorramdarre Plain, Zanjan Province, Iran ...... 339 A Field-based Assessment of Landfill Suitability in Qazvin, Iran ...... 340 Landfill Site Suitability Assessment using Analytical Hierarchy Method in Qazvin, Iran ...... 341 Assessment of hospital waste status in Tabriz in2015 ...... 342 Generalities of Environmental Health ...... 343 Study of the intensity of sound and light in Faculties of University of Medical Sciences In 2017 ...... 344 Effect of Organic Matter on the Removal of Lead and Zinc from the Soil by Earthworms (Eisenia Fetida) ...... 345 Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Workers at Food Preparation and Selling Centers of the Juybar in 2017 ...... 346 Measuring the density of electromagnetic waves Caused by the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Antennas in Dargaz City ...... 347 Epidemiological study of the outbreak of waterborne and foodborne diseases in from 2011 to 2017 ...... 348 Study of sound levels in the welding centers of Babol city and its health effects on the welders ...... 350 Survey of Visible Light and UV radiation A in Babol Libraries in 2018 ...... 351 Investigation of Health, Safety & Environment management system in health promoting Schools of kashan ...... 352 Investigating the status of environmental health and safety in hairdressers in 7 and 4 district of Tehran ...... 353 The role of environmental condition and preventive behaviors in leishmaniasis based on BASNEF model in people referring to health care centers of earthquake hit cities (Kermanshah province, Iran) in 2018...... 354 Evaluating the Amount of Heavy Metals of Arsenic, Cadmium and Leads in Potato and Soil of Agricultural Land in Sefid Dasht- Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in 2017...... 355 A review of studies on the impact of pesticides on the risk of cancer in Iran and the world with the aim of optimizing the use of pesticides in agriculture ...... 356 Probabilistic risk assessment of exposure to BTEX in a "Hot Spot" for urban air pollution ...... 357 Environmental health inspectors have supervising and controlling responsibility of food supply centers and general places and identification of their training needs is effective in promoting quality of health care services in community...... 358 Review of antibiotics removal methods from aqueous solution ...... 359 Comparison of deterministic and probabilistic methods for infection risk assessment of enteroviruses in consumption of vegetables irrigated with wastewater effluent...... 360

The Application of Fuzzy Ordered Weighting Average Model in Prioritizing the Important Criteria for Environmental Health Evaluation of Swimming Pools ...... 361 Study of Supporting Electrolytes Effect on the Ciprofloxacin Removal using Electro-Fenton Process ...... 363 Effect of supporting electrolyte on nitrate and Echerichia coli removal using electrochemical process with carbon cloth electrode ...... 364 Optimization on electrocoagulation processes in removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic (kinetic modeling and propose degradation pathway) ...... 366 Evaluation of Cadmium and lead in selected cosmetic products from Iran markets...... 367 Evaluation of noise pressure level at mosques at the time of religious ceremonies ...... 368 Evaluation of health - care indicators at dental and general clinics in Mashhad - 2018 ...... 369 Bioremediation of the soils contaminated with phosphorus pesticides using the earthworm Eisenia foetida ...... 370 Studying indices of environmental health and safety in Shiraz schools at academic year of 2016-2017 ...... 371 A Survey in heavy metals concentration in fruit tobacco distributed in zabol ...... 372 Assessment of pollution of BPA in The leaf arrived of ATMs، ATMs boxes ،(POS)stories ...... 373 Analysis of Information Needs of Hospital Workers in the Field of Health Literacy - A Case Study of Personnel Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia ...... 375 Investigating the role of comprehensive inspection managment system in promoting environmental health programs from the viewpoint of environmental health inspectors (Case Study: Marvdasht City) ...... 377 Investigation of annual effective dose of natural background radiation of in indoor level students of public schools in Hamadan in 2015 – 2016 ...... 378 Detection of Synthetic Dyes in Nuts by thin layer chromatography in Qazvin province ...... 380 Evaluation of Blankit Residue and Ash in Broken Sugars, in Qazvin Province ...... 381 Investigation of determination of physico-chemical properties of carwash wastewater in Karaj and the efficiency of Al2(SO4)3 and Fe2(SO4)3 coagulant for treatment of wastewater from these units ...... 382 Evaluation of environmental health index in marine scope - Case study: search and rescue vessels in boushehr port ...... 384 Medical geology in Dehdasht area with emphasis on geology setting in IDD ...... 385 The association of gastrointestinal cancers (esophagus, stomach and colon) with solar ultraviolet radiation in Iran - an ecological study ...... 386 study of brucellosis distribution in Zanjan during 2012-2017 using spatial-temporal analysis ...... 387 Suspended Particles assessment at a children hospital at Mashhad 2018 ...... 388 Evaluation the Environmental Health Status of Secondary High Schools in Sirjan in 2018 ...... 389 Disaster risk assessment in health centers of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in functional, non-structural and structural components in 2016 ...... 390 Rapid monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital air: potential sources for transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections ...... 391 Assessment of heavy metals pollution in soil surface of industrial areas of Zanjan province ...... 392 An assessment of environmental knowledge among the student of Khatam-ol-Anbia University of Technology in Behbahan ...... 393 Cancer Risk Assessment of Nitrate Exposure in Drinking Water...... 394 Presence of Legionella in Air Condition Systems of Qods Hospital of Qazvin City ...... 395 Priority Pollutants in Aquatic Environments, their Sources and the Transmission Pathway ...... 396 Analysis of Effects of Education on Awareness, Attitude and Performance of women's hairdressers of Mashhad in relation to Infection Control in 2018 ...... 397

Study of UptiBlue compound as an indicator for cell viability assessment ...... 399 National and subnational mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to 17 occupational risk factors in Iran, 1990-2015 ...... 400 Age-sex specific and sequela-specific disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to dental caries preventable through water fluoridation: An assessment at the national and subnational levels in Iran, 2016 ...... 402 Assessment of environmental health status in dormitories of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016 .... 404 Removal Efficiency of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Benzo(a)pyrene Using UV/ZnO Process From Aqueous Solutions ...... 405 Investigation of the Total Polar Compounds (TPM) Determination in the Oils of Restaurants and Kitchens in Behshahr City in 2017 ...... 407 Determination of Total Polar Compounds (TPM) in Fast food Centers in Behshahr City in 2017 ...... 408 Total Polar compounds index in the Restaurants and Central Kitchen in Sari in 2017...... 409 Total Polar compounds (TPM) index in the Food Shops (Sandwich, pizza and Falafel) in sari in 2017 ...... 410 Investigation of Total Polar Compounds (TPM) Determination of Oils in Restaurants and Central Kitchens of City in 2017 ...... 411 Bed Bug: Features, Identification and methods to combat it as a global pest ...... 412 Application of plant essential oils in pest management is a necessity of the world in eliminating environmental pollutants ...... 413 Status of Environmental Health Index Evaluation in the sterilization centers of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, 2017 ...... 414 Effects of Palladium on Growth Rate and Active Oxygen Radicals (ROS) Production in Chlorella Vulgaris Algae 415 Implementation of Zanjan Water Safety plan - Water Resources ...... 417 ATWS Severe Accident Analysis in the Loss of Flow Scenario Using the MELCOR Code in Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant ...... 418 Endocrine disrupting compounds: a threat to health and the environment ...... 419

Health impact assessment of exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in Qazvin city, Iran using AIRQ plus model ...... 420 Different cigarette butt brands discharge different arsenic content...... 421 Comparative study of water quality indices in swimming pools in Zanjan province in 2018 ...... 422

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on on Environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Air Quality and Climate Changes

49

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Legal liability of the governments towards the right on clean air from the perspective of philosophy of law Ahmadreza shirvani boroujeni1, Sommayeh Fazeli farsani 2 1.Master rights, private expert, rights expert, Engineering Environmental Health, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, the representative of the legal department of health. [email protected] 2. Ph. D. Environmental Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Nort [email protected]

Abstract: the increasing losses caused by air pollution on public health in megacities and violation of the obvious and explicit rights of citizenship by the causative, creating pollution, and thematic connection it with the responsibility of the state in securing the right to life documentary to the Constitution and international conventions, etc, need to evolve on the foundations of legal based on the philosophy of law and do research in this field reveals. Activities, each interest vector in the system of industrial today, complications outer. When a commercial contract is harmful to Health concluded or exchange, trading of the type of industry that polluted the environment. takes place; the parties to the exchange benefit to the brand, but its effects to the third parties. One of these side effects, etc. create air pollution. Setting such problems in the discussion philosophy of law as regulation of social importance. "of a right to a healthy environment", Environmental philosophy in the defense of the rights of it, the sight of the theologians, to task in sustaining the environment around is if this is a philosophy unto the entities of the material oriented and profit based, profit more in the direction of the ultimate pleasure and well being, more are and, therefore, it is clear that differences in attitude, philosophical, works, different also sought will be found. On the basis of this right, every citizen has the right in the direction of supply of the right to life in the air clean and healthy breathing), and governments are obliged to adopt measures to guarantee it on the basis of the theory of risk and the theory of the guarantee of the right to, and may not otherwise air pollution caused by profit axial state or interest vector based on the theory of fault, causing a waiver of the right of would be, and thus in the direction of the management and the green industry in some countries. Nowadays, problem solving, air pollution, apart from matters of engineering requires a new approach consists of the cognitive, moral, and. philosophical. Philosophy, rights, the environment, a new branch of topics, philosophical, and particularly relationships, ethical and philosophical, human and ecosystem life, is discussed. The aim of this paper is to familiarize health professionals and the environment, with different views of morality and philosophy, based on modern theories of the world today, in order to supply right to life with the approach of the legal liability of government in the Prevention of air pollution. Keywords: philosophy of law, regulation, a fault state, the rights of citizenship,

50

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The Effects of International Oil Sanctions on the Rate of Air Pollution Deaths in Tehran during 2011-2012 Masoud feshki1, Hamid belgheis zadeh2, Mostafa khademi3, Maryam karim4 1 *Corresponding Author: Environmental Health Engineering graduate student and auditor OHSAS 18000, Islamic Azad University E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran 4 Environmental Health Engineering, Semnan Health Center, medical University Tehran Abstract Introduction and importance of the issue: Air pollution is currently one of the major problems in Tehran. As a negative external outcome, it imposes costs on the economy of the country. In recent years, the controversial issue of the petrol production of petrochemicals has been pursued by senior officials of the Environmental Protection Agency and some media. Iran's deep dependence on gas imports and its key role in supplying the country has led the United States to endorse and enforce Iran's sanctions on gasoline sales in July 2010. This study aimed to estimate the number of deaths attributable to air pollution in Tehran, after the oil embargo in the years 2011 to 2016, respectively. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran. The data on mortality attributable to air pollution during the statistical period (2011-2016) were received from the Environmental Protection Agency and Behesht Zahra organization. Excel program and SPSS software were used for data analysis of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Results and discussion: The results showed that 163644 people died in Tehran from 2011 to 2016 due to problems with air pollution (cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary diseases). People with aged over 65 exhibited a higher sensitivity to air pollution. 60.7% of the dead were over the age of 65. The mean age of death was 63.29 years. Of 95,447 deaths, 64,402 were women and 3795 were newborns. Conclusion: The economic sanctions of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the phenomenon that has been experienced since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution and has become more intense during the war and has continued to persist and also has risen sharply in recent years. The sanctions imposed on Iran has created problems for supplying the required amount of gas. However, with the relative reduction of gasoline consumption in Iran following the implementation of the quotation and the liberalization of gasoline prices as well as increasing the domestic refining capacity, the problem has somewhat been tackled, but the side effects would never be compensated for the Iranian people. Key words: air pollution, mortality, sanctions, oil, Tehran

51

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The health impacts mortality on long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Ahvaz city using AirQ + model during 2014-2017 Mohsen Yazdani 1,6, Gholamreza Goudarzi2,7, Mostafa Hadei 3, Aliasghar Navaei4, Afsaneh Karimi5* 1 Department of Environmental health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.([email protected]) 2 Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ([email protected]) 3 Department of Environmental health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4M.Sc. student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, school of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ([email protected]) 5MSc, Department of Environmental health Engineering, School of Public Health & Environmental health Expert of Dehdez Health Centers, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. ([email protected]) 6Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 7Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran *Corresponding author: Afsaneh Karimi ([email protected])

Abstract Background and Objective: Exposure to PM2.5 around the world accounted for 1.4 million deaths ranging from heart disease and stroke, lung cancer, chronic lung disease to respiratory infections in 2016. Since air pollution causes a large number of deaths and illnesses, it is important to study the health effects on society.

The aim of this study was to estimate the health effects deaths attributed to long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Ahwaz City of Iran using the AirQ+ model during 2014-2017.

Materials and Methods: The hourly concentrations of PM2.5 were obtained from Department of Environment (DoE). Validation of air quality data was performed according to the WHO European Office (Aphekom) criteria for health impact assessment of air pollution. Then, data processing was performed by Excel software. The population at risk and the baseline incidence (per 100,000) were prepared for each health impacts. Finally, processed data were fed to AirQ+ model. 3 Results: The three-year averages of PM2.5 concentrations were 68.95 (±39.86) µg/m and the annual averages in the first, second and third year of study were 52.19 (±45.15) µg/m3, 69.74 (±60.98)µg/m3 and 80.23 (±67.89) 3 µg/m , respectively. The most AP and the number of deaths due to PM2.5 were observed in the third, second and first years of the study, respectively. The total number of deaths for all causes, ALRI, COPD, lung cancer and IHD were 4061, 30, 75, 75 and 2003, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the concentration of PM2.5 in Ahwaz And associated diseases , has shown an upward trend that calls for urgent attention of respective authorities. + Keywords: PM2.5, Health Impact Assessment, Mortality, Long term exposure, Air Q

52

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Does Acid Rain Cause Autumn Respiratory Difficulties In Ahwaz? Abolfazl Naimabadi1,2, Mohsen Yazdani 3,4*, Mohammad Shirmardi 5,6, Heidar Maleki7, Pari Teymouri8,9, Gholamreza Goudarzi2,10, Abbas Shahsavani11,12, Armin Sorooshian13,14, Ali Akbar Babaei2,10, Nasim Mehrabi15, Mohammad Mehdi Baneshi16, Mohammad Reza Zarei16, Abdolmajid Lababpour17, Mohammad Ghanbari Ghozikali8

1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran 2Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 3Department of Environmental health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 4Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 5Environmental Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 6Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 7MS of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran 8Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 9Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 10Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 11Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 12Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 13Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 14Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 15Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences and Baghmalek Health Center, Water Laboratory, Baghmalek, Iran 16Social Determination of Health Research Centre, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran 17Shohadaye Hoveizeh University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Susangerd, Iran *Corresponding author: Mohsen Yazdani ([email protected])

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of rainwater collected at three ground sites with varying degrees of pollution in Ahvaz, and its relationship with autumn respiratory difficulties between January 2014 and February 2015. A total of 24 rainwater samples were analyzed for pH and concentrations of +, + 2+ 2+ − – – 2− trace elements (Fe, Al, Pb, and Cd) and major ions (Na NH4 , Ca , Mg , HCO3 , NO3 , Cl and SO4 ). The 2+ 2− − + – equivalent concentration of the components followed the order of Ca >SO4 >HCO3 >NH4 >Cl + − 2+ 2+ >Na >NO3 >Mg . The highest and lowest Ca levels were observed in the industrial and high traffic areas, 2+ 2− 2+, − − respectively. 70.36% of the total variance was due to anthropogenic species (Ca , SO4 , Mg NO3 , Cl ), − + − + soil particles (Cl , Na , and HCO3 ), and biomass burning (NH4 , pH). The average pH of the rainwater samples was 6. The lowest and the highest average pH values were observed in the high traffic area (5.96) and industrial 53

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

area (6.54), respectively. The results of this study showed that local anthropogenic sources and Middle Eastern Dust (MED) storms affect the rainwater chemistry strongly, which the latter stems from the Arabian Peninsula, Kuwait, Iraq, and some parts of Iran. Keywords: Rainwater chemistry, Chemical elements, Trace elements, Ahvaz

54

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) in Urmia NW Iran Maryam Faraji 1, Saeed Mousavi 2, Sepideh Nemati 3, Mojtaba Momtaz 4, Ali Abdolahnejad Amir Mohammadi4* 1.Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran [email protected] 2 Environmental Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Urmia, Iran. [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran [email protected]. 4 Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran [email protected]. [email protected]. 5 Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical sciences, Maragheh, Iran. [email protected] *Corresponding author: Amir Mohammadi, [email protected]

Abstract The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has considered ambient air pollution and particulate matter (PM) as the human carcinogen (Group 1). The PM contributes to 3.2 million premature deaths worldwide each year. The present study aimed to evaluate mortality attributed to the airborne PM2.5 (particles ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter) in Urmia- Iran. Data were collected from the online monitoring stations during 2015-2016 in Urmia - Iran. AirQ software was 3 applied to estimate mortality attributed to PM2.5. The annual average PM2.5 concentration was 23 μg/m , which was more than the national guideline (10 μg/m3). According to our findings, the annual base incidence (BI) rate of total mortality in Urmia was 403.82 per 100,000 capita. Also, total mortality at the central relative risk of 1.015 was found to be 143 cases. It was anticipated that the combustion of fossil fuels and salty dust storms due to climate change and drying of Lake

Urmia to be main sources of PM2.5. Therefore, improvement of green buffer zone, prevention of desertification activities and other strategies are recommended to overcome the adverse health effects on air pollution in Urmia. Keywords: Urmia City; Air Pollution; Urmia Lake, Health Effects.

55

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

PM10 and its effect on mortality and morbidity rates among the people of Bishkek and Ilam Rajab Rashidi1, Parviz Javanmardi2, Mohammad Daryanoosh2, Fariba Keishams3, Shirin Esmaeili4, Afshin Takdastan4, Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi5, Sahar Geravandi6, Farid Yousefi7, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi4* 1Nutrition Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2Health Care System of Hendejan, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 3Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health AND Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 5Health Care System of Karoon, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 6Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran 7Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. *Corresponding author: Mohammad Javad Mohammadi - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health AND Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; E-mail address: [email protected] - [email protected]

Abstract In recent years, Central and West Asia have been influenced by dust storms emitted from the Aral Sea region in the Middle East and the Taklimakan desert in Western China, emitting high volumes of particulate matter which increase the number of dusty days as well as the daily average of PM10. In this study, the number of total mortality (TM), cardiovascular morbidity (CM), hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diseases (HA-CVD) and hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases (HA-RD) in the people of Bishkek and Ilam were calculated. In our study, AirQ software proposed by the World Health organization (WHO) was used to assess the mortality and morbidity including total and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The results showed 4.6% (95% CI: 3.5-5.31%) of TM, 4.96% (95% CI: 3.16-10.5%) of CM, 4.97% (95% CI: 3.04-6.81%) of HA-RD and 5.55% (95% CI: 3.77-7.82%) of HA-CVD were attributed to PM10 level exceeding 10 µg/m3. To reduce the adverse health impact of particulate matter, health advice by health authorities should be given to general population especially people with chronic lung and heart disease, elderly and children during the dusty days. Keywords: PM10, Health effects, mortality, morbidity, Bishkek, Ilam.

56

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effect of personal characteristics on the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice of university students about air pollution problem; the case study of Firoozabad (2018) Mahsa Ghashghai 1, Abbas Shahsavani 2, Mostafa Hadei 3,* 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Mostafa Hadei ([email protected])

Abstract Knowledge, attitude, and practice of citizens play an important role in emerging and solving the air pollution problem. Any solution for air pollution without the participation of people will lead to be failed. The objective of this study that was conducted in 2018 was to evaluate the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice of students of Azad Islamic University of Firouz Abad about air pollution. In addition, the effects of some personal characteristics such as gender, age, city of birth, marital status, year of education, and car ownership on knowledge, attitude, and practice were evaluated. A questionnaire containing 16 questions was designed, and its reliability and validity were analyzed and proved. The questions were about the general knowledge of air pollution and its risks, the knowledge about air quality index (AQI), the attitude and practice of students in highly-polluted days, the knowledge about air quality standards in Iran, and also the knowledge and attitude about the personal protection methods and control strategies of air pollution. One-hundred and ten (110) students were randomly selected in this study. The results showed that there are no significant differences between the scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice among men and women, married and single students, people from different cities, first- and last-year students, and people with different car ownership situation. However, older students (≥25) had knowledge, attitude, and practice scores than younger students (p<0.05). It can be concluded that by increasing age, the knowledge and experience of people about air pollution increase. The results of this study can be used in educational programs for people and especially students to increase their knowledge and improve their attitude and practice about air pollution. Keywords: Criteria air pollutants, air quality index, public health, environment, particulate matter

57

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Non-cancer Risk Assessment of Hg and Cu in Streets Dusts of Zahedan Hossein Kamani 1, Maryam Moradi Baseri 2 1Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] 2 Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Hossein Kamani

Abstract Street dust is an important factor in urban pollution which consists of soil, particulate matters and heavy metals. At present, over half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the health risks of heavy metals in street dusts in Zahedan. The dust samples were collected in Zahedan. After preparing, these samples were injected to the ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) for determination of the concentrations of Hg and Cu. According to the measured concentration, Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were calculated for the health risk assessment. Results showed that Hazard quotient for both Hg and Cu was less than 1 for children and adults. HQ for Hg and Cu were in order of HQingestion >HQdermal >HQinhalation> HQvapour for adults and HQvapour > HQingestion > HQdermal > HQinhalation for children. The values of HQ showed that inhalation of mercury vapor and ingestion were the main routes of exposure to Hg for children and adults respectively while the main route of exposure to Cu was ingestion for children and adults. The non- carcinogenic risk was safe (HI <1) in this study. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Street Dust, Non-cancer Risk, Zahedan City

58

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM10 and cytotoxicity effects in vitro during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) storms in Ahvaz, Iran Gholamreza Goudarzi1, 2, Ata Ghadiri3, 4, Mohammad Hedari5, Mohammad Shirmardi6, Byaram Hashemzadeh 7, Abolfazl Naimabadi8 [email protected] tel: 05143352312 1- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 3- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 4- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 5- Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran and Expert in Waste Management at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Abadan, Iran 6- Environmental Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 7-Department of Environmental Health, Khoy School of Nursing and Public Health,Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran 8 - Department of Environmental Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran Abstract

Reports on the effects of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with PM10, which are carried by dust storms on lung cells, are limited. The present study was aimed to investigate PAHs and in vitro toxicological impacts of PM10 solvent-extractable organics extracted from the Middle Eastern Dust storms on the human lung epithelial cells (A549).Ahvaz, the capital city of Khuzestan Province, Iran, which is one of the most polluted cities in the world in terms of dust storms, was selected as the sampling area. Sampling was taken during dust storms and normal days on December 2012 until June 2015.The concentration of PAHs and the cytotoxicity percent were analyzed by GC-Mass and lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) reduction assay, respectively. The results showed that PM10 suspensions solvent-extractable organics from both dust storm and normal days decreased the cell viability and increased LDH in the supernatant in a dose–response manner. Increased concentration of PAHs increased cytotoxicity percent after 24 h incubation; There was a linear correlation with coefficients R=0.6 between PAH and cytotoxicity. According to statistical analysis of T Test, there was a significant difference in cytotoxicity between normal days and dust event days (pvalue<0.05), indicating that the samples of dust storms showed a higher cytotoxicity than those of normal days at treated dosage. It can be concluded from these results that both dust storms PM10 and normal days PM10 could lead to cytotoxicity and the organic compounds (PAHs) might be the main cause of this cytotoxicity. Our results showed a higher Cytotoxicity during dust storm days, as a result, the risk of PM10 to human lung cells might be more severe during dust storm compared to normal days due to the inhalation of a higher mass concentration of airborne particles. Keywords Middle Eastern Dust (MED), Ahvaz, A549, cytotoxicity, Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

59

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The effect of rhmnolipid biosurfactant on Biofiltration of n-hexane from the contaminated air stream Mehdi Mokhtari1, Yaghoub Hajizadeh2, Ali Asghar Ebrahimi1, Negar Jafari2, Amir mohammadi3, Ali Abdolahnejad4* 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Science, and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Email: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Environmental Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Email: [email protected], [email protected] 3 Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical sciences, Maragheh, Iran. Email:[email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Ali Abdolahnejad ([email protected]) Abstract Introduction: Biofiltration of n-hexane vapors with and without using rhamnolipid biosurfactant was investigated on a laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost, scoria, sugar beet pulp, and poplar tree skin at empty bed residence times (EBRT) of 30, 60 and 120s for a period of 131 days. Methodology: The biofilter performance under different operational conditions (With and without biosurfactant) was investigated during the operation period. In order to evaluate the effect of biosurfactant on n-hexane removal efficiency of the biofilter, rhamnolipid was used in the 3 out of 6 phases. Results and conclusion: The results demonstrated that average removal efficiency (RE) for the corresponding EBRT with n-hexane loading rates (IL) of 6.7-137 gm-3h-1 were 18.7±1.67%, 28.9±4.06% and 46.8± 8.2% without biosurfactant. While, the average REs in presence of the biosurfactant were 23.98±4.08%, 42.4±9.7% and 85.13± 10.44% at EBRTs of 30, 60 and 120s, respectively. About 53% of n-hexane removal was related to the segment 1 of the biofilter, where the bacterial and fungi population of its biofilm was 2×1015 and 1.3×109 CFU g-1 (dry weight), respectively, which was significantly more than the other segments. For all the tested inlet concentrations, the RE was significantly increased by increasing EBRT and decreasing IL of n-hexane. The results of this study confirmed the efficiency enhancement of rhamnolipid in biofiltration of hydrophobic compounds such as n-hexane from air streams.

Keywords: biodegradation; rhamnolipid; Biofiltration; n-hexane; air pollution

60

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Spatio-seasonal variation of Airborne Asbestos Concentration in High Traffic Areas of Yazd, Iran Mehdi Mokhtari1, Negar Jafari2, Amir Mohammadi3, Yaghob Hajizadeh2, Reza Ghanbari4, Sepdieh Nemati5, Ali Abdolahnejad1* 1 Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Email: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Email: [email protected], [email protected] 3 Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical sciences, Maragheh, Iran. Email:[email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Email:[email protected] 5 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Email: [email protected] Corresponding Author: Ali Abdolahnejad, Email: [email protected] Abstract Asbestos fibers are serious health hazards that cause diseases such as lung fibrosis (asbestosis), lung cancer, and mesothelioma of the pleura. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure the concentration of asbestos fibers in urban areas of Yazd city. The airborne asbestos fiber concentrations of 60 air samples collected from 15 sites in low, moderate and high traffic area of Yazd. The sampling of asbestos fibers were carried out by an SKC sampling pump with a flow rate of 10 L/min. The ambient air samples were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and energy–dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The mean of asbestos fibers concentrations in the ambient air of the study areas was 9.51 fiber/l. The highest geometric mean of asbestos fibers was found in the southeast of Yazd city. No correlation was found between asbestos fibers concentrations and metrological data (p>0.05, r < 0. 2). The mean concentrations of asbestos fibers in all the sampling points were higher than the standards suggested by World Health Organization (WHO) for ambient air (2.2 SEM fiber/l). Also, the mean concentration of asbestos fibers in the sampling stations in winter (10.89 fiber/l) was higher than that in summer (8.13 fiber/l). Due to the high volume of traffic, more commuter students, travelers, commuters and tourists, the occurrence of subsequent inversion resulting from cold weather and mechanical corrosion of asbestos cement sheets caused by rainfalls. Keywords: Asbestos Fibers, Urban areas, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Yazd City

61

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effect of climate change on T. aman (BR-11) rice cultivation in Bangladesh: Application of PRECIS and DSSAT models Md. Mohaimanur Rahman1, Seyede Parvin Moussavi2, Mohsen Sadani3, Milad Mousazadeh4*, Omar Khelifi5, Md. Abedur Rahman6, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan7, Md. Akil Akhter8, Ashraful Islam9, 10, Zohreh Naghdali11 1Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000; [email protected] 2Environmental Health Research Center, International Branch of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran; [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; [email protected] 4Student of Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; [email protected] 5Laboratoire d’Analyses Industrielles et Génie des Matériaux, Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401 Guelma 24000, Algeria; [email protected] 6Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh; [email protected] 7Hydraulic Research Directorate, River Research Institute (RRI), Faridpur-7800, Bangladesh; [email protected] 8Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; [email protected] 9University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; [email protected] 10Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China 11Student of Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author Email: Milad Mousazadeh Abstract Influence of climate changes on the yield of T. aman (BR11) rice was assessed using DSSAT (version 4) modelling system. The yield of BR11 were simulated at 12 different selected locations (the main rice growing zones) in Bangladesh during 2008, 2030, 2050 and 2070. Accessible data on soil and classic crop management for T. aman rice were used for simulation. Required data for this model, related to weather changes over the mentioned years and locations (daily maximum and minimum temperatures, daily solar radiation and daily precipitation), were fed into the regional climate change model PRECIS. The model predicted an average reduction of BR11 yields (i.e., 2030, 2050 and 2070) for most of the 12 selected locations compared to the predicted yields in 2008. The average yield reduction was 12.5%, 11.9% and 7.3% for years 2030, 2050 and 2070, respectively. Changes in monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures were found to be the reason of reduction in rice yield. It was found that impact of solar radiation and carbon dioxide concentration on T. aman (BR11) rice was not as significant as temperature. Rising temperature and solar radiation have been anticipated to shorten the duration of physiological maturity of T. aman rice. Variations in rainfall patterns (deficit or excessive rainfall) over the growing period of T. aman rice also affected the yield. Results also suggest that climate change may make rice yield more vulnerable to transplanting time. Prediction of significant change in yield varies from beginning to the end of July. Keywords: Climate change, T. aman rice, Rice yield, DSSAT model

62

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Spatial Variability Analysis of Lead in Street Dust of Zanjan City M. Shamsi, Z. Shamsi, A. A. Zamani*, Y.Khosravi, A. H. Parizanganeh Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science,University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.; Email address: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] *Corresponding author: A. A. Zamani, [email protected] Abstract Background & Objectives: Heavy metals have been widely investigated in different environmental samples because of their significant impact on the human health and environment. These metals could be easily transported from site to site by several atmospheric activities, e.g., wind and runoff water. Heavy metals could diffuse to urbanized environments from vehicle emissions, traffic activities, industrial activities, and any other anthropogenic activities. Street dust is a significant symbol to pollution in urban areas. In urban areas, the topsoil and street dust could be used to monitor heavy metal contaminations. In this work, we aimed to determine lead concentrations and the spatial patterns of lead concentrations in the street dust of Zanjan by ArcGIS. Methods & Materials: In this study, fifty two of urban street dust samples were collected from streets of Zanjan and total concentrations of Pb, were determined in the dust samples. The samples were analyzed for heavy metal after Aqua Regia digestion of dust sample by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, the spatial patterns of Pb concentrations in the street dust were determined using ArcGIS spatial analyst. Results: The results showed that the average concentrations of Pb in the street dust samples were 745.4 mg/kg. In dust samples, minimum and the maximum amount of lead were measured 30 mg/kg and 4610 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentrations of Pb was higher than their local background values. According to the spatial analysis results, higher concentrations of lead were observed in the in the eastern, western and southwest parts of the city, main streets, Qazvin-Tabriz highways and the lowest concentrations were observed in residential areas. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it seems that the high concentrations of Pb concentrations in the dust samples was derived from anthropogenic activities. The high concentrations of lead in the street dusts of Zanjan could be attributed to vehicle emissions and industrial activities including lead and zinc companies in Zanjan, are likely to be the main cause of increased lead metal concentration in Zanjan city. Keywords: Pollution, Spatial analysis, Heavy metal, ArcGIS

63

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Monitoring and Modeling of Particle and volatile organic compounds concentration in Air of Gorgan City Yousef Dadban Shahamat1, Mina Gharchi2*, Narges Sadeghi moghaddam3

1 Assistant Professor, Environmental Health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineerin, Faculty of Health,Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. [email protected]

2 MSc, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences,Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran. [email protected]

3 MSc in Environmental Engineering, water and wastewater, Lamei Gorgani Institute of Higher Education, Gorgan, Iran *Corresponding author Abstract Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a close relationship between air pollutants, including suspended particles and volatile organic compounds, with the prevalence of respiratory, cardiovascular, cancer and mortality problems and urban space is exposed to various sources of this pollutant production. Therefore, in this study, PM2.5 ,PM10 and volatile organic compounds concentrations were measured in Gorgan city. The study is an observational and cross-sectional descriptive which during the concentration of these pollutants was measured at 8 stations in different parts of the city during one year from June 2016 to May 2017. For monthly measurements of PM2.5 , PM10 and volatile organic compounds were used from HAZ-Dust and Pho Check. The results obtained from different stations were zoned in the GIS software using the IDW method. The results showed that the maximum distribution PM2.5 of was at the square of the shahrdari, mazandaran and anbarejahad; and maximum distribution of PM10 and volatile organic compounds at seyyid masoud station and, in general, the average monthly concentration of each during one year, was more in the cold seasons. The 3 average annual amount of PM2.5 , PM10 and volatile organic compounds was 30, 41 μg⁄m and 0.81 ppm, respectively which amounts to PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds was more than limit standard. Therefore, due to the adverse effects of these pollutants on human health and the environment, in order to reduce their release, policies and control measures should be taken. Keywords: Air, pollutants, particle material, volatile organic compounds,

64

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Identification and determination allergen cladosporium spores in Ahvaz wastewater treatment plant ambient air and their relationship with meteorological parameters Nastaran Talepour 1,Neematolah Jaafar Zadeh ,2 Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand 3, Effat Abbasi- Montazeri4, Seyed Mahmoud Latifi5 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering,Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of MedicalSciences, Ahvaz, Iran,[email protected] 2 Professor of Environmental Health,School of Health,Environmental ,Technology Reseach Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences, [email protected] 3Assistant Professor of Environmental Health,Institute for Environmental Research,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran.Iran, [email protected]

4 Assistant Professor of Bacteriology,School of Medicine,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, [email protected]

5Instructor of Biostatistics,School of Health,Diabetes Research Center,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, [email protected] *Corresponding author: Nastaran Talepour, Department of Environmental Health Engineering,Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of MedicalSciences, Ahvaz, Iran,[email protected] Abstract Introduction: Airborne cladosporium spores in different regions of the world are known as the main causes of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify airborne cladosporium fungi in Ahvaz wastewater treatment plant and investigate the effects of meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure , dew point, wind speed and ultraviolet index on their emissions. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Cladosporium spores were cultured on Sabouraud`s dextrose agar (SDA) medium in both cold and hot seasons. Passive air sampling were performed in plate with 10cm diameter. After incubation, colony counting was carried out as cfu / plate. Then, according to macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, the fungi was studied. In this study, the meteorological parameters including temperature, humidity,air pressure , dew point, wind speed and ultraviolet index were measured during of sampling. Results: 1433 colony of 3358 colonies counted were associated with cladosporium fungi.Inside amount of cladosporium was 46% of the total inside fungi. The average temperature, humidity, air pressure, dew point, wind speed and ultraviolet index during the study were 27.8 ° C, 32.9%,548.7 kpa, 3.6°,9.1 km / h, and 3.9 respectively. Conclusion: Altogether 42.6% of the total number of colonies had related to the cladosporium spors. Cladospirium had possitive correlated with dew point and negative correlated with the temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and ultraviolet index. Primary sludge dewatering basin had the greatest role in the

65

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

dispersion of cladosporium spores. Based on the importance of cladosporium fungi as cause of allergic diseases, and considering wastewater treatment worker’s spend most of their time in the ambient air ,it seems necessary to observe health and preventive measures in this regard,. Keywords: Bioaerosol, Cladosporium, Meteorological parameters, Wastewater treatment plant

66

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigating the effect of UV radiation changes and substrate temperature in photocatalytic destruction of toluene in a circular fluid substrate reactor Hamed Hassani1, Norouz Mahmoudi1, 2, Gholamhossein Pourtaghi*1, 3 1 Health Research Center, Life style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2 PhD student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; [email protected] 3 Occupational health Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Gholamhossein Pourtaghi - [email protected] Abstract In photocatalytic systems it is necessary to increase the system efficiency to an economically acceptable level. In this study, to optimize the ability of the photocatalytic system, the effect of UV radiation changes and substrate temperature in photocatalytic destruction of toluene in a circular fluid bed or substrate reactor was investigated. This study was performed as an experimental in lab scale and batch mode. In this study, the circular fluid substrate reactor consists of a central cylinder made of quartz glass with an inner diameter of 40 mm and a height of 100 cm. A UV Lamp with a beam intensity of 5 w/m2, a wavelength of 254 nm in the center of the cylinder and four UV-light intensive wavelengths of 3 w/m2, a wavelength of 253 nm were used for better illumination around the central cylinder. In order to have a uniform flow into the reactor from a porous air distributor at the beginning of the substrate inlet and a standard blow, a pump is used to provide a positive pressure for the required air. The required concentration of toluene, as well as relative humidity, was provided by passing air from Impinger containing toluene and water. In this study, the toluene initial concentrations from 100 to 1000 ppm and the relative humidity logged in the system from 10 to 70 percent were investigated. The photocatalyst used in this study was the titanium dioxide p-25 particles manufactured by the Degussa Corporation, coated with silica gel particles of 10 to 100 micrometers. The Efficiency of the photocatalytic system was studied in various conditions of relative humidity variables, UV intensity and substrate temperature. The optimum amount for toluene concentrations, loading percentage of photocatalyst, time, relative humidity, UV intensity and substrate temperature were determined 300 ppm, 60 min, 20 wt.%, 45%, 17 w/m2 and 120 0C respectively. This study showed the independent effect of each of variables on the toluene removal efficiency, were interdependent and mutually influential, and in order to have the appropriate efficiency, all variables should be examined together in the appropriate conditions. Keywords: Photocatalyst; UV radiation; Temperature; Fluid bed Reactor.

67

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Isolation of Aspergillus Specious in Indoor Space, a Case Study in Wards of Children Hospital in Shiraz Fariba Abbasi1, Mohammad Reza Samaei2*, Ali Mohammad Mokhtari3, Mahrokh Jalili4, Elahe Aziz5, 1PhD Student, Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran; [email protected] 2Associated Professor, Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran; [email protected] 3PhD Student, Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran; [email protected] 4 Instructor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Abarkouh Paramedical, Shahid sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran; [email protected] 5MSc, Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding Author: Mohammad Reza Samaei; [email protected] Shiraz, Razi Blvd, Health School, Department of Environmental Health Engineering Abstract Introduction: fungi specious cause disease and allergic reaction in human. Therefore they are important microbial parameters in indoor air quality in the hospital. Material and Method: sampling was conducted based on 0800 NIOSH by Anderson impactor. The used media was Sabaroud dextrose Agar containing chloramphenicol to suppress the growth bacteria specious. Then, the media incubated at 25°C for 2-7 days. The fungal specious was identified by slide culture. Result: the predominant specious were Aspergillus Niger, Flavous and Fumigatus at all wards. The concentration of Aspergillus Niger in the emergency, laboratory and ICU were 34, 7.5 and 3.7 CFU/m3, respectively. Moreover, Aspergillus Flavous in emergency and laboratory were 18.9 and 3.7 CFU/m3, respectively. While Aspergillus Fumigatus just was detected in the emergency (3.78 CFU/m3). No of them were detected in radiology and operating room. Conclusion: the highest level and variation of Aspergillus specious was detected in the emergency due to current air from outdoor space. No of them were detected in radiology and operating room. With regard to the agricultural area near the hospital, therefore the management of transmission patients, visitor time, the effective ventilation system, HEPA filter, and proper physical structure were suggested for reduction of the fungal contaminant in hospital. Keywords: Fungi, Aspergillus, Hospital, Shiraz, Indoor air

68

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of Metals in outdoor PM2.5 in Bushehr Port Fatemeh Faraji Ghasemi1, Sina dobaradaran2,3,4*, Shahrokh Nazmara5, Dariush Ranjbar Vakil Abadi4, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi6, Mozhgan Keshtkar4, Asma Khaledi4 1Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2 Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 3 The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran, Email: [email protected] 5Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 6Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Iran Abstract Recently, the PM component of outdoor air has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (IARC Group 1).

Numerous natural, anthropogenic and industrial processes may generatePM and emit in ambient air. PM2.5 samples were collected every six days from Dec 2016 to Sep 2017 in Bushehr. Samples were collected by using high volume air sampler at a flow rate of 1.42 to 1.58 m3/min. One quarter of filter was cut to small fragments and after acidic digestion, the metal contents were measured by ICP-OES. The results showed that

3 mass concentration range of PM2.5 was 22.09 to 292.45 µg/m . The PM2.5 mass concentration was higher than

WHO guidelines for annual PM2.5. The mean metal contents were as follows: Cd : 7.89 ± 2.3, Co: 6.033 ± 3.58, Cr : 18.18 ± 7.27, Cu : 6568.98 ± 3330.85, Fe : 1335.94 ± 1616.6, Ni : 26.87 ± 10.36, Pb : 21.15 ± 8.98, V : 7.24 ± 5.21, Zn : 14224.89 ± 689.93 ng/m3. Among measured metals the order of metals abundance were as Zn>Cu>Fe>Ni>Pb>Cr>Cd>V>Co.

Keywords: Ambient Air, Heavy metals, PM2.5

69

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Temporal variations of PM2.5 during 1393-1395 in Tabriz city Vahideh Barzeghar1,2, Parvin Sarbakhsh3, Mohammad sadegh Hassanvand4, Sasan faridi5, Mehran Eivazzadeh1,2, Akbar Gholampour1,2* 1 Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 3 Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 4 Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author: Akbar Gholampour ([email protected]) Abstract Air pollution is one of the most important environmental issues. Industrialization, urbanization and population growth could lead to some environmental pollution, such as air pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal trends of PM2.5 concentrations during the period of 2014-2016 in Tabriz city. The data of the PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from Department of environmental protection. After the initial examination of data and the processing and deletion of outlier data based on the methods provided by the WHO and US EPA, analysis considering several time periods was performed and monthly, seasonally, diurnal, and hourly variations of PM2.5 concentrations, using Excel and SPSS software, were examined and possible reasons for each changes were reviewed and determined. The results showed that monthly mean concentration of PM2.5 was higher in winter during Jan and Dec having 36.6 and 26.3 µg/m3, respectively; and the winter season was most contaminated for PM2.5. The investigation of the diurnal variations of PM2.5 showed two peak in 12 am and 8 pm. It is concluded that road traffic and residential heating are the main sources of PM2.5 in Tabriz. Also, the percentage of the days having PM2.5 concentrations above the WHO guideline (WHO AQG) were between

21% and 29%; and the percentage of the days having PM2.5 concentrations above the national standard value were between 9% and 13%. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 in 2014, 2015, and 2016 were 19.8, 22.0, and 20.6 μg/m3, respectively, that was higher than WHO guideline (WHO AQG) (10 μg/m3) and the national standard level (12 μg/m3).

Keywords: Air pollution, PM2.5, Diurnal and seasonal variations, Tabriz

70

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Determination of enrichment factors and bioavailability indices of heavy metals in high traffic areas in Tehran city Hossein Fayazi 1, Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou 2, Nabiolah Mansouri 3*, Farideh Atabi 4 1 Master of Science, Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Email: [email protected] 2 Associate Prof., Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran; Email: [email protected] 3* Prof., Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Email: [email protected] 4 Associate Prof., Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Email [email protected] *Corresponding author: Nabiolah Mansouri Abstract The most important source of heavy metal emissions and many other pollutants in the air are automobiles, and heavy metals can be produced as a result of the performance of various parts of the vehicles and released into the environment. The purpose of this research was to determine the enrichment factors and bioavailability indices of heavy metals in the ambient air of high traffic areas in Tehran city. In this study a total of 24 samples were collected from high traffic areas and the total concentration of heavy metals after acid digestion was determined, using ICP model Agilent 7500. Then the enrichment factor (EF) was used to determine the origin of heavy metals, as well as to determine the contamination level of the Pollution Index (PI) and Integrated Pollution Index (IPI), and ultimately the amount of bioavailability indices and the resulted ecological risk of heavy metals were calculated. The results of this study showed that the maximum concentrations of total suspended particles were recorded equally in Azadi and Enghelab streets with the amount of 17.71 mg / m3. The mean concentrations of heavy metals for Fe, Al, Mg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr and Cd were 7.17, 2.86, 2.40, 1.26, 0.33, 0.31, 0.14, 0.14, <0.13, <0.06, respectively. The results of the enrichment factor values, pollution index and integrated pollution index for heavy metals in the Tehran indicated the high concentration levels of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn caused by human activities. Furthermore, the results of the bioavailability indices of heavy metals showed that the Ni, Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb and Cu elements had the maximum biological availability, respectively. Finally, the results of ecological risk assessment indicated that heavy metals at the desired stations had a moderate ecological risk. Keywords: Heavy metals, Evaluation indices, Integrated Pollution Index (IPI), Ecological risk

71

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Infrastructure of Technical Inspection Centers of Light and Heavy Vehicles (Case Study: Karaj City) Sajad Najafipour 1, Parisa Samadzade 2, Mazaher Moeinaddini 3, Mohammad Talaeian Iraqi4 1 M.Sc. student Department of Environment university of Karaj ; [email protected] 2 M.Sc. student Department of Environment university of Tehran ; [email protected] 3 *Assistant Professor of Environment, Department of Environment sceince, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.; [email protected] 4 Assistant Professor of Environment, Department of Environment sceince, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran ; [email protected] Abstract Air pollution is one of the most important categories that not only threatens human health, but also has an extremely inappropriate impact on all environmental factors. Meanwhile, air pollution from vehicles has become more and more important and has become a major environmental and health issue. The control of emissions from cars due to the high rate of car production in Iran and the release of toxic pollutants by them is of particular importance. The share of fixed resources and moving resources in creating air pollution in selected cities of Iran is 10-10% and 85-90%, respectively. Therefore, it can be stated that vehicles are one of the main sources of pollution in the cities of our country and the greatest impact is on riding cars. The task of the technical Inspection is to ensure that the vehicle is properly functioning without the need to open its components in the safety and environmental section in accordance with the approved standards. In most countries, technical Inspection has been accepted as a vehicle safety levy. Today, implementation of the technical inspection of vehicles as one of the most effective control methods to achieve the desired goals in most countries has been accepted. According to a survey conducted in Karaj, there are 11 technical inspection centers for light vehicles and 3 technical examination centers for heavy and semi-heavy vehicles. Keywords: Technical Inspection, Light Vehicles, Heavy and Semi-Heavy Vehicles, Karaj City

72

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Legal liability of the governments towards the right on clean air from the perspective of philosophy of law

Ahmadreza shirvani boroujeni1, Sommayeh Fazeli farsani 2

1.Master rights, private expert, rights expert, Engineering Environmental Health, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, the representative of the legal department of health. [email protected] 2. Ph. D. Environmental Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Nort [email protected]

Abstract the increasing losses caused by air pollution on public health in megacities and violation of the obvious and explicit rights of citizenship by the causative, creating pollution, and thematic connection it with the responsibility of the state in securing the right to life documentary to the Constitution and international conventions, etc, need to evolve on the foundations of legal based on the philosophy of law and do research in this field reveals. Activities, each interest vector in the system of industrial today, complications outer. When a commercial contract is harmful to Health concluded or exchange, trading of the type of industry that polluted the environment. takes place; the parties to the exchange benefit to the brand, but its effects to the third parties. One of these side effects, etc. create air pollution. Setting such problems in the discussion philosophy of law as regulation of social importance. "of a right to a healthy environment", Environmental philosophy in the defense of the rights of it, the sight of the theologians, to task in sustaining the environment around is if this is a philosophy unto the entities of the material oriented and profit based, profit more in the direction of the ultimate pleasure and well being, more are and, therefore, it is clear that differences in attitude, philosophical, works, different also sought will be found. On the basis of this right, every citizen has the right in the direction of supply of the right to life in the air clean and healthy breathing), and governments are obliged to adopt measures to guarantee it on the basis of the theory of risk and the theory of the guarantee of the right to, and may not otherwise air pollution caused by profit axial state or interest vector based on the theory of fault, causing a waiver of the right of would be, and thus in the direction of the management and the green industry in some countries. Nowadays, problem solving, air pollution, apart from matters of engineering requires a new approach consists of the cognitive, moral, and. philosophical. Philosophy, rights, the environment, a new branch of topics, philosophical, and particularly relationships, ethical and philosophical, human and ecosystem life, is discussed. The aim of this paper is to familiarize health professionals and the environment, with different views of 73

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

morality and philosophy, based on modern theories of the world today, in order to supply right to life with the approach of the legal liability of government in the Prevention of air pollution.

Keywords: philosophy of law, regulation, a fault state, the rights of citizenship,

74

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Water and Wastewater Management

75

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Photo-induced removal of I.C. Reactive Orange 122 by N-TiO2/g-C3N4 under Vis light irradiation

Leila Ghalamchi 1, Samira Taherkhani2*, Mohammad Hossein Rasoulifard3 1,2,3 Water and wastewater treatment research laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran *Corresponding author: Samira Taherkhani: [email protected].

Abstract Herein, we report the modification of nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) photocatalytic activity with graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The visible light induced the photocatalytic activity of N- TiO2/g-C3N4 nanoparticles. The photo-degradation performance of Reactive Orange 122 (RO122) was investigated under visible light irradiation. The effects of some key factors including pH, dye concentration, catalyst dosage and reaction time on the photocatalysis removal process of RO122 were also evaluated. The results showed that, dye degradation of 93.64% was achieved. Keywords: Carbon graphite nitride, Titanium dioxide, Reactive Orange 122

76

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Ozone and NaOCl Performance for Modifying Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Removal Pharmaceutical Cantaminant

Mohammad Mehdi Amin1, Bahare Dehdashti2, Hamid Reza Pourzamani1, Lida Rafati3 1Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Emails address ([email protected]), ( [email protected]) 2 Student Research Committee and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3 Deputy of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Bahare Dehdshti, ([email protected])

Abstract Increasing population and life style changes have led to widespread use of pharmaceutical products throughout human life, which has led to the presence of primary and secondary materials from these compounds in aqueous environments, that has created concerns about their effects on health and the environment. As a result, removing this group of pollutants is very important. In this study, design of experiment method was used to analyze the data and examine the parameters affecting the process of atenolol adsorption by carbon nanotubes modified with ozone and NaOCl and also the removal efficiency was evaluated 75.79 percent for the optimal conditions that 7, 20 (min), 0.15 (g/L) and 1 (mg/L) were reported for pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity was 5.05 (mg/g). Analysis the data of this study emphasized the quality and performance of these Nano materials in the effective removal of atenolol pharmaceutical.

Keywords: NaOCl, Ozone, Multi-Walled carbon nanotubes, Atenolol

77

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluating the release pattern of coagulation factors and inflammatory mediators from of Human Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells in response to Natural and Synthetic Ultra-Fine Carbon Nanoparticles in vitro

Hossein Dinmohammadi 1, Zahra Pirdel 1, Laleh Salarilak 1, Marc Hoylaerts,2 Reza Nejatbakhsh 3, Alireza Biglari 1, Marc Jacquemin 2 and Tina Shahani * 1 Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran. 2 Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 3 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran. * Corresponding author: Tina Shahani, Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran. Email: [email protected]

Abstract Background: Pro-thrombotic and inflammatory changes play an important role in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, resulting from short-term exposure to fine particulate air-pollution. Part of these effects has been attributed to the ultra-fine particles (UFPs) that pass through the lung and directly contact blood-exposed and circulating cells. Despite UFP-induced platelet activation, it is unclear whether the penetrated particles exert any direct effect on endothelial cells. While exposure levels are boosting as a result of world-wide increases in economic development and desertification, which create more air-polluted regions, as well as increase in demands for synthetic UFPs in medicine and various industries, further studies on the health effects of these particles are required. Method: Human pulmonary and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) have been exposed to 0.1, 1, 10 and 100µg/ml suspensions of either a natural (Carbon black) or a synthetic (Multi-walled Carbon Nano-tubes) type of UFPs, in vitro. The levels of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), Von Willebrand factor (VWF), Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and P-Selectin, prior to, and 6, 12 and 24 hours after exposure were measured in the cells’ supernatant. In parallel, the spatio-temporal effect of UFPs on cardiac MECs was evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Results: No changes in the released FVIII, VWF, IL-8 and P-selectin were observed when endothelial cells were exposed to increasing doses of either CB or MWCNTs. Despite phagocytic uptake of pure UFPs observed with TEM on cellular sections of the treated cells, Weibel-Palade bodies remained intact in shape and similar in numbers when compared with the untreated cells. Conclusion: Unlike ambient UFPs that contain various transition metals and chemical components, potentially solubilized to interact with cell membrane, pure UFPs did not directly induce release of

78

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

inflammatory markers or coagulation factors from endothelial cells. Our work shows that carbon itself is a non-toxic carrier for endothelial cells. Keywords: Human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, FVIII, VWF, IL-8, P-selectin, Weibel- Palade Bodies

79

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of removal of residual water scraps using ammonium chloride-activated carbon Nahid tavakoli nejad1 ,saedeh sadeghian moghadam2 ,ahmad allah abadi3*,hosein rezaei1,faezeh sadat shobeiri1,fatemeh niko1 1-Graduate student of Environmental Health Engineering of University of Medical Sciences and member of student Research committee 2- Graduate student of Environmental Health Engineering of sabzevar University of Medical Sciences and member of student Research committee *3-Assistant professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Sabzevar university of Medical Sciences *Corresponding author Address:Sabzevar, Faculty of Health,Environmental Health Department,Ahmad Allah Abadi E-mail: [email protected]

Background: Regarding the increased pollution of water resources, disinfection of drinking water is imperative in our country and in the world. Decontamination by chemicals such as chlorine is one of the methods of water disinfection. The reaction of this substance with natural and synthetic organic compounds in water, carcinogenic compounds. Typical removal of excess chlorine can be mentioned in the process of adsorption by activated carbon. The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal of excess chlorine residues by NH4CL activated carbon materials and methods: Activated carbon was produced from agricultural waste and immersed in NH4CL and activated at 800 ° C. In this study, the effect of variables of adsorption dose, chlorine concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature on chlorine removal was investigated, then the isotherms and adsorption thermodynamics were analyzed and Analysis was made. Cholesterol analyzes were done by ıdometry method findings: NAC (NH4CL-activated carbon) with a specific surface area of 1029 m2 / g and an average pore volume of 2.46 nm, at a concentration of 0.2 g / liter carbon, was 76% chlorine at 10 mg / Optimize 6 hours for 10 minutes. Absorption equilibrium tests showed that chlorine adsorption on NAC follows the Long Meier model, and the maximum absorption capacity of chlorine on NAC is 523 mg / g. Thermodynamics of chlorine adsorption on NAC show that at a concentration of 10 mg / L and other optimal conditions, with an increase in temperature from 10 ° C to 40 ° C, the chlorine removal rate rises from 49% to 88%. Conclusion: The result is that NAC carbon can be used as a suitable and inexpensive absorber to remove chlorine and other compounds from contaminated water and sewage. Keywords: Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Chlorine

80

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The investigation of the performance of UV-LED lamps on photocatalytic activation of titanium dioxide in removal of 2,4- dichlorophenol Abdolmotaleb Seidmohammadi1, Ghorban Asgari1, Marzieh Bagheri2, Sonia Chavoshi3*

1. Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. [email protected] 2. Ph.D Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Member of Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, [email protected] 3. MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Member of Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. [email protected] *Corresponding author: Sonia Chavoshi

Abstract Background and Objective: 2,4 di-chlorophenol is one of the most common and abundant pollutant which is widely found in various industrial effluent. The obvious effect of this organic compound on health and environment enhancing the efficiently degrade of this aqueous pollutant before the wastewater is discharge into receiving water. Hence, the removal of 2,4 di-chlorophenol )2,4 DCP( from aqueous solution using UV-

LED/TiO2 process was investigated. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, removal of 2,4 DCP using UV-LED in the present of TiO2 in the bench scale reactor was examined. The effects of operational parameters such as pH of solution (3-11), initial concentration of 2,4 DCP (50-200mg/L), the amount of TiO2 concentration (0.003-0.025mol/L) and different ionic strength were evaluated. Final concentration of 2,4 DCP was determined using spectrophotometer DR 5000, at 500 nm. Results: The experimental results indicated that the removal of 2,4 DCP was influenced by different operational parameters. The highest 2,4 DCP removal rate were obtained at pH=3 by adding 0.012 mol/L TiO2 in to the solution with an initial concentration of 50mg/L 2,4 DCP which more than 95.82% of 2,4 DCP was removed. When UV-LED and TiO2 were used alone, the 2,4 DCP removal efficiency were 32.11% and 36.56%, respectively. Also, the maximum COD removal rate was 71.5% in optimum conditions and ionic strength reported ineffective. Conclusion: The results indicated that combined TiO2 and UV-LED process in optimal conditions can be used as an alternative technology for treatment of various industrial wastewater contained 2,4 DCP. Keywords: UV-LED, photocatalytic, titanium dioxide, 2,4 di-chlorophenol

81

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Zinc by live Phanerochate Chrysosporium and analysis of variables Nadali Alavi 1, Akbar Eslami 2, Mohammad Rafiee 3, Shervin Adabi 4* 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2 Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) * Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The development of communities and industries has increased pollutants worldwide, therefore new pollutants have entered the human environment in different ways. Many of these new components are electronic goods which ultimately turn into electronic wastes (E-waste). Zinc is one of the most toxic heavy metals existing in the environment as a result of industrial activity. White-rot fungi (WRF) may play an active role in environmental bioremediation. Phanerochate chrysosporium is one of the most suitable species of WRF. The present study aims to investigate the bioremediation capabilities of Phanerochate chrysosporium to remove zinc. Phanerochate’s mycelia for this study were used. Stock culture was storage at 4 c on malt extract agar slant. Mycelial suspensions were washed with distilled water. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 4.5 at the beginning of the preparation then was placed in incubator shaker. All flasks were incubated under 150 r/min for 3 days at 37.c. The stock solution of zinc was prepared by dissolving zinc sulfate in ultrapure water and finally the concentration of Zn was determined by atomic adsorption spectrophotometry (AAS). To control the pH in the solution we used pH meter and adjusted by 0.1 mol/l NaOH or HNO3. Other environmental variables such as pH, time and zinc concentration were investigated. The optimum biodegradation conditions of zinc by phanerochate chrysosporium were pH 6.5 at 8 h and 5 mg/l zinc concentration. The results demonstrated that the use of Phanerochate chrysosporium is promising for removal of zinc. Keywords: White-rot fungi, Phanerochate chrysosporium, Zinc, Bioremediation

82

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water in the Khash city of Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran Majid RadFard b,a*, Abooalfazl Azhdarpoora*, Amir Hossein Mahvic,d a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran b Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran c Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran, Tehran, Iran d Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author. Email: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. [email protected].

Abstract:

According to studies, high concentration of fluoride in drinking water has adverse health effects such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. This data analyzes the concentrations and health risks of fluoride in 30 drinking water samples collected from 11 villages of the Khash city, Sistan and Baluchistan province in Iran. Fluoride concentration was measured using SPADNS method according to the standard method for examination of water and wastewater. Data indicated that average fluoride concentration in drinking water was 0.731mg L-1. The mean estimated daily intake (EDI) values for fluoride in different groups of infants, children, teenagers and adults were 0.0058, 0.0414, 0.0292 and 0.0234 mg/Kg, respectively. Also, risk assessment data indicated that hazard quotient (HQ) value of groundwater samples was less than one in 90% of samples in age groups of infants, children, teenagers and adults. Keywords: Drinking water, Fluoride, Risk assessment, Khash, Iran

83

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Performance Evaluation of saline urban wastewater treatment using hybrid activated sludge process Nader salmanikhas1*, Mostafa Tizghadam2, Abdollah Rashidi Mehrabadi3 1 Assistant professor, Faculty of Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] 2 Assistant professor, Faculty of Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] 3 Associate professor, Faculty of Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] *Corresponding author

Abstract In a saline wastewater, conventional microorganisms in biological sewage treatment systems in conventional activated sludge cannot grow. Saline urban wastewater can be attributed to the unauthorized discharge of sewage from some industries or penetration of saline water into the network which can reduces the efficiency of the treatment systems. In this research conventional and hybrid activated sludge reactors were applied to treat a saline sewage. Two pilot plants were used in parallel to determine the efficiency of COD removal by conventional and hybrid activated sludge system. The concentration of salt was 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, and the retention time of the aeration tank was 2, 4 and 6 hours with the percentage of return sludge of 25, 50 and 75 exclusively for the conventional reactor. The results showed that the hybrid reactor had a much better efficiency in removing COD and BOD in comparison to the conventional reactor. The average removal efficiency of COD from hybrid reactor in the concentration of salt of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% was 80, 62 and 71 and for the conventional reactors was 48.5, 47 and 26; respectively. Also, because of the high MLSS at all stages of the operation of the hybrid reactor there was no need to return the sludge, which is another advantage of the hybrid reactor. Keywords: Treatment of saline wastewater, Hybrid growth system, Conventional of activated sludge

84

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Prediction of TDS, EC and SAR Indices of Karoon River using artificial neural networks (Case study: Ahvaz and Molasani stations) Alieza Esmaeilpour Dehkordi1*, Shahla Moradianfard Juneghani 2, Seyed Karim Alavi Dehkordi 3, Zahra Alaie Faradonbe 4 1 MSc Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; [email protected] 2 MSc Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, [email protected] 3 MSc Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, [email protected] 4 MS Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, [email protected] *Corresponding author: Alireza Esmailpour Dehkordi, [email protected]

Abstract The purpose of this study was to predict the quality of Karoon River as a function of precipitation and water flow using artificial neural networks. To achieve this goal, the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in Ahvaz and Molasani stations were evaluated. To create patterns of training, testing and evaluation, hydrometric data was used. The membership functions were used and sigmoid membership function type provided the best results. In this study, the neural network with the number 2 and 3 were used and membership function with 3 membership function showed the best results. With the coming changes in water quality, and MLP networks TDNN with Levenberg Marquardt learning algorithms were used for model training. MLP neural network TDNN showed better results than the neural network. Water quality changes functions predicted with coefficients 0/901 to 0 /912 persent. Keywords: Karoon River, water quality, neural network, Ahvaz - Molasani station

85

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Amoxicillin Antibiotic from wastewater and Aqueous Solutions Using Magnetic Nanoparticles derived from Olive Kernel: Isotherm Study and Absorption Kinetics Omid Rahmanian1, Khadijeh Jafari2* 1 Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, , Iran ; : [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran ; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Khadijeh Jafari

Abstract Background: Pharmaceuticals are in the emerging category of substances since they are not completely removed in urban sewage treatment plants. Because of the potential health risks and toxicity to humans and the environment, it is essential to remove drugs from water sources. Methods: In this study, the effect of nano-adsorbent from olive kernel on the removal of Amoxicillin (AMX) was investigated. Properties of synthesized absorbent were determined using FE-SEM, FTIR, BET and XRD analysis. After optimizing the pH, contact time, nano-adsorption dose and the AMX concentration were optimized and the results were recorded by HPLC after injection. The ratio of the methanol-to-water phase (40:60) was carried out at a flow rate of 1 mL/min at 230 nm. Results: In the optimizing process, it was determined that using 0.5 g/L, the optimum concentration of 200 mg/L of the AMX, at optimal contact time of 90 minutes and optimal pH of 6, the removal efficiency reaches to its maximum value. The kinetics of the reaction follows a pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Also, the ionic strength did not have a significant effect on increasing the AMX elimination efficiency. Conclusions: The results showed the good performance of nano-adsorbent from the olive kernel in the removal of the AMX from aqueous and wastewater solutions, and this method can be used as an effective way to remove contaminants of Pharmaceutical products from aqueous and wastewater environments. Keywords: Amoxicillin, Nano-magnetic adsorbent, Isotherm, Olive kernel, Wastewater treatment

86

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Study of Electrocoagulation on removal of coliforms from hospital wastewater Zeinab Gholami1, Abdoliman Amouei2,3,4*, Hajar Tabarinia4, Fatemeh Asgharzadeh4 1. Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2. Environmental Health Research Center (EHRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 3. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 4. Department of Environmental Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran * Tel: o11- 22334366 Fax: 011- 22334367 E.mail: [email protected] Abstrac Introduction: Hospitals, as one of the most important social organizations, play a major role in improving the health of the country and providing health services. Hospital wastewater has pathogenic microorganisms, hazardous chemicals and radioactive substances, and organic and inorganic materials.The purpose of this study was to evaluation the efficiency of Electrocoagulation on removal of coliforms from hospital wastewater. Methods:Wastewater samples were collected from a hospital in one of the babol city hospitals in a moment of sampling before the chlorination unit. Electrocoagulation experiments were carried out in conditions electric potential (10,20,30V), process time (30,60,90 minutes), and using two types of galvanized iron and aluminum electrodes.Before and after process( after settel flocs) sample was taken middle of ractor and experiment was conducted multi-tube fermentation (15 tubes with dilution). Results: The results of this study showed that the maximum removal rate of coliforms in galvanized iron and aluminum is 99.97% and 99.71%, as well as increasing the voltage, the removal rate of colifirms increases, but the process time has different effects and the galvanized iron electrode has Performance is better than aluminum electrode. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the electrocoagulation process is an effective method for the removal of coliforms from hospital wastewater at pilot scale and can be used as complementary disinfection method. Key words: Electrocoagulation, Coliforms, Hospital wastewater

87

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Metronidazole removal by activated carbon prepared of plantain wood from aqueous solution Abdoliman Amouei1, 2, Dariush Naghipour3*, Mehdi Stadji3, Kamran Taghavi3, Ahmad Allahabadi4 1. Environmental Health Research Center (EHRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 3. Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 4. Department of Environmental Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran *Corresponding author: E-mail address: [email protected], Tel: 9832336128 Fax: 9822334367

Abstract Introduction: Nowadays, pharmaceutical compounds discharge from sewage treatment plants and hospitals into receiving water resources is incresing. Removal of pharmaceutical pollutants and antibiotics is performed with different treatment methods such as physical, chemical and biological treatment processes. In this study, the removal of metronidazole antibiotic from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared plantain wood was evaluated. Materials and methods: Carbon prepared plantain wood after meshing was activated by thermal methods. The effected parameters of pH (2-12), contact time (0-120 minutes), initial concentration (10, 50,100 mg/l), the adsorbent dosage (0.2 -2 gr), mesh carbon (15, 30, 60), temperature (10-50 ° c) and isotherm and Kinetic and thermodynamic of the reaction were determined. Results: The used adsorbent has specific surface of 896 cm2/gr, total volume pores of 0.472 cm3/gr and average pore diameter of 2.18 nm. The maximum removal obtained 91% in optimum condition (pH= 6.5, adsorbent dosage= 0.8 gram, initial concentration= 50 mg/l and contact time= 60 min). The kinetik reaction for the metronidazole follows by the pseudo second ordor model. Metronidazole adsorption isotherm in equilibrium conditions showed that the reaction fits by the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process is an endothermic, physical and spontaneous reaction. Conclusion: Activated carbon produced the plantain wood is effective and economic for metronidazole removal from the hospital wastewater. Key words: Metronidazole; Adsorption; Activated carbon; Aqueous solution

88

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of physical, chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water in Gatab distribution system Zahra Babanejad1, Abdoliman Amouei2, 3, 4*, Fatemeh Asgharzadeh4, Hajar Tabarinia4, Hossein Gholinia5 1. Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2. Environmental Health Research Center (EHRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 3. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 4. Department of Environmental Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 5. Department of Biostatistics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Tel: 011- 22334366 Fax: 011- 22334367 * E-mail address: [email protected]

Abstract Background & objective: Physical, chemical and microbial properties of drinking water are the basis for judging its drinking potential. Undesirable changes in drinking water quality can threaten the health of consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water in Gatab city and compare it with national standards of Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted based on random stratified sampling and approximately 10% of homes were selected as the statistical community. Approximately 15 samples of drinking water were collected from consumption points and transferred to the water and wastewater chemistry Lab for analysis. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were measured using standard methods for water and wastewater examinations. Results: The mean values of measured parameters were respectively turbidity (4.39 NTU), (PH = 7.41), electrical conductivity (744 μm/cm), total soluble solids (517 mg/L), fluoride (0.48 mg/l), nitrite (0.027 mg/l), iron (0.74 mg/l), sulfate (745 mg/l), manganese (0.17 mg/l) ) and chlorine residual (0.43 mg/l). Also, in 0.6% of the samples, fecal coliform and in 6% of them, the plate count of heterotrophic bacteria was positive. Conclusion: The physical, chemical and microbial quality of drinking water is suitable for the distribution network of Gatab. Increasing of the turbidity, iron and sulfate in water distribution system due to the taste, color, smell and turbidity in the drinking water. Keywords: Drinking Water, Physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters

89

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effect of reaction of Fenton and Nanosilica absorbent in the treatment of Solid waste leachate at Saravan-rasht-Iran: :Saravan *Malihe Salehi 1, Kamran Taghavi2, Dariush Naghipour3, Seyed Davoud Ashrafi4 1School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran [email protected]. 2School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.) [email protected] 3 School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.) [email protected] 4School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Ira.n.)[email protected]

Abstract Background and Objective. Environmental damages and pollution induced by the leachate of landfills are a source of concern for citizens. The leachate penetrates into the soil and once it reaches the ground water, it pollutes soil and water. The objective of the present study was to explore the efficiency of the anaerobic process, Fenton process and nanosilica absorbent For solid waste leachate treatment at saravan-Rasht in Giulan province-Iran For BOD and COD removal at optimal pH. This empirical study explored anaerobic treatment of mature leachate of Saravan and efficiency of Fenton 2+ process at pH 3-8 under different Fe and H2O2 rates and oxidation retention time of 15-135 minutes using Bench-scale method in laboratory conditions. Also, impact of nanosilica absorbent at the rates of 0. 25-6.5 g L- 1 was examined at retention times of 15-75 minutes and pH 3-11. BOD5, COD removal efficiency was measured at all stages. RESULTS. It was found that BOD5 and COD removal efficiency for leachate anaerobic treatment stage was 63.7 and 37.95 respectively. in the sample containing seed was 25 and 15.6 respectively. in blank reactor at 20 days retention time as optimal retention time,. It was found to be removal efficiency obtained 95.9 and 75 at 2+ -1 -1 Fe 1800 mgL concentration and 95.3 and 83.3 at H2O2 4500 mg L concentration of in Fenton process, respectively. BOD5 and COD removal efficiency exhibited an ascending trend with nanosilica absorbent as retention time was increased from 15 to 75 minutes, reaching 73 and 70 at the retention time of 75 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSION. The results revealed that to treat mature leachate, anaerobic treatment should be first applied to remove biodegradable organic matter, and then Fenton process and nanosilica absorbent should be used to remove resistant organic matter. Keywords: leachate, anaerobic treatment, Fenton process, nanosilica absorbent

90

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Determining the efficiency of the vetiver plant with artificial wetland to remove anionic surfactant, hospital laundry wastewater Dr. Ramezan Ali Dianati 1, Hasan Esmaeili 2* 1Associate Professor, Faculty Member, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Email: [email protected] 2* MSc student, Environmental Health Engineering, Member of Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Sari Health School. Email: [email protected]. *Corresponding author: Hasan Esmaeili

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Natural treatment with plants, in addition to low cost, easy navigation, technology and low energy consumption, is better than other methods. One of the special plants for the purification of such wastewater is the Vetiver plant. Wetland is also used as a substrate not only for major pollutants and wastewater, but also for special compounds such as linear alkyl benzene sulfonates. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of the vetiver plant with artificial wetland to remove anionic surfactant, hospital laundry wastewater and wastewaterTreatment Plant effluent pollutants of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari. Materials and Methods: This study was an analytic study. In this study, various parameters such as LAS, COD, BOD and phosphate and nitrate wastewater of hospital and LAS wastewaters of a laundry room were measured before and after treatment with Vetiver. All conditions for sampling and performing other tests are based on the standard method book guidelines. After performing different tests, the results were calculated using SPSS and Excel software. The mean values for each parameter were calculated and then plotted on the corresponding graphs. Results: The highest removal efficiency of LAS, BOD, COD, phosphate and nitrate after treatment with vetiver plant was 92, 73, 84, 33 and 44% respectively. While the removal efficiency of LAS, BOD, COD, phosphate, nitrate for Pilot without plant was 40, 30, 22, 23 and 16%, respectively. Conclusions: The overall results of this study showed that root and plant efficiency in reducing the LAS and wastewater effluents of the hospital wastewater treatment plant was much better than filtration and ground treatment. Also, the effluent of wastewater from the vetiver plant has been purified and certified for the discharge of wastewater into the environment. It is suitable for agricultural use and irrigation of rice fields, fruit trees, underground injection and surface water. Keywords: vetiver, Wetland, Surfactant, Laundry, Hospital.

91

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluating the Performance of the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Imam reza Hospital in Amol City and Comparison effluent quality with discharge standards in 1396 1 Dr. Ramezan Ali Dianati, 2 Morteza jaafar salehi, 3* Hasan Esmaeili

1Associate Professor, Faculty Member, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Email: [email protected] 2Environmental Health Expert at Taleghani Hospital in Chalous city. Email: [email protected] 3* Environmental Health Expert in Chalous Health center, MSc student, Environmental Health Engineering, Member of Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University Medical Sciences & Health Services, Corresponding author*: Hasan Esmaeili. Email: [email protected].

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Hospital sewage is very dangerous due to toxic and pathogenic substances and if the proper treatment is not done on the waste water, it would spread the pollution and after entering the aquatic environment it lead a serious threat to human health and environment. The purpose of this study was evaluating the performance of the wastewater treatment plant of Imam Raza Hospital in Amol City and Comparison effluent quality with discharge standards in 1396. Methods and materials: In this study the descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a one-year period, a sample of wastewater from the wastewater treatment system was used to test the parameters of pH, DO, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD, turbidity, fecal coliform and total coliform of the Imam Reza hospital. The effluent parameters of the hospital were measured based on the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Results: The average of BOD, COD inlet to wastewater treatment plant was 362 and 700 mg per liter respectively. The average results of the BOD, COD of the effluent treatment plant were 32 and 62 mg per L, Respectively. The efficiency of the treatment plant for removing BOD and COD was 90.9 percent and 91.2 percent, respectively. The mean NTU, TSS and PH values were 38, 33, and 7.5 respectively, which is less than the standard limit of 50, 40 and 8.5 mg per liter, and are desirable. The number of total coliform and fecal coliform in the hospital effluent, with a residual Chlorine of zero ppm was 460 and 240 in 100 ml, respectively. Conclusions: The overall results indicate that the wastewater treatment plant of Imam Reza Hospital has Inappropriate performance in 1396, and the wastewater of this treatment plant in terms of parameters, PH, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD, general form and general fecal forms have only the ability to dispose and use in agriculture and irrigation. The average BOD and COD of the effluent are higher than the standard limit and cannot be discharged to surface or absorbent wells.

92

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Keywords: performance, wastewater refinery, Hospital, Amol.

93

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluate the performance of fixed bed compilation of waste water treatment plant in the amol industrial town Dr ramazan ali dianati tilaki 1, hasan esmaeili 2* 1Assoc. Prof. of Environmental Health, Faculty of Environmental Health, mazandaran Univercity of Medical Sciences, sari. . Email: [email protected] 2*-MSc. Student of Environmental Health, Faculty of Environmental Health, mazandaran Univercity of Medical Sciences, sari. Email: [email protected].

ABSTRACT: Background & objectives: Amol Industrial town has two phases and are 250 industrial units. The town wastewater treatment plant Integrated processes of anaerobic, aerobic attached growth Aeration activated sludge is in operation. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of a fixed bed compilation consolidated fixed bed Amol industrial wastewater plant the process of anaerobic UASB system and aerobic activated sludge IFAS have been. Materials and methods: In this study once a week in all months of the year from various refinery units Consists of equalization, output anaerobic units, attached growth samples were taken. Parameters of BOD, COD, TSS, pH and turbidity were measured. Results: The average annual COD, BOD and TSS entering the plant Sections 3918, 2149,656 and output from anaerobic units respectively in 1889, 1276,534 Output unit attached growth by 1270,727,443 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: Average removal efficiency, BOD COD TSS Amol industrial wastewater plant after compilation fixed bed unit, respectively, 66.2, 67.4 and 32.5 percent Refinery output, respectively, 98.1, 98.4 and 92.4 percent. Key words: Wastewater, Industrial town, fixed bed.

94

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluating the effectiveness of the plant with the hydroponic culture to remove LAS Anionic Surfactant from Hospital Laundry Wastewater Dr. Ramezan Ali Dianati 1, Hasan Esmaeili 2* 1Associate Professor, Faculty Member, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Email: [email protected] 2* MSc student, Environmental Health Engineering, Member of Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Sari Health School. Email: [email protected]. Sari – Iran *Corresponding author: Hasan Esmaeili

Abstract: Introduction &objective: The plant is an economically efficient environmental and scientific technique suitable for developing countries. And it is a worthwhile business. One of the special plants for the purification of these effluents is the vetiver plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of vetiver plant with hydroponic culture to remove the LAS wastewater from the hospital's launderette Materials and methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. Sampling was carried out using special containers for hospital wastewater drainage. In this study, the concentration of LAS parameter was measured. Experiments on the concentration of anionic surfactants were measured by the method of methylene blue active substances or (MBAS), all sampling conditions and other tests were performed according to the standard method guidelines. After various tests, the results were obtained using a soft Statistical software SPSS, Excel calculated the average values for each parameter and compared to the standard efficiency of the purification process, it was plotted on the corresponding graphs. Results: In this study, the root efficacy of vetiver plant was investigated in hospital wastewater treatment plant. The highest removal efficiency of LAS in the veterinary hydroponics pilot plant with 0.5 and 1.5 and 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg / L concentrations of anionic surfactant concentrations in the hospital's launderette was 70, 80, 72, 60, 50, and 40 percent, respectively. The concentration of LAS in the laundry room varied from 10 to 40 mg / L. Conclusion: The overall results show that the efficiency of this method in reducing and discharging the LAS of the hospital's waste razor has decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. Increasing the concentration of surfactants has reduced oxygen levels and reduced the activity of bacteria and their destruction, and reduced the effectiveness of Vetiver plant to purify LAS. Keywords: vetiver, Hydroponic, Surfactant, Laundry.

95

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigating the effect of storage conditions on the release of phthalate esters in bottled water in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Zabihollah Yousefi1, Esmaeil Babanezhad2, Reza Ali Mohammadpour3, Alireza Ala4 * 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, faculty of health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Biostatistics, faculty of health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, faculty of health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Alireza Ala, Mazandaran, Sari, School of Health, Tel.:09111584388, Email: [email protected]

Abstract Introduction: Phthalate compounds in drinking water have undesirable effects on health, in this study, the release rate of phthalates in various brands of drinking water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate containers was investigated. Materials and Methods: Different brands of bottled drinking water available to the consumer were purchased. The specimens were stored at different conditions. After extracting phthalates by micro-extraction, the contaminant concentration was measured by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: In general, the concentrations of DEHP, DBP, DIBP, DEP and DMP phthalate esters with the mean of 6.93,6.53,6.43,5.9 and 2.23 ppb were highest in each of the S, O, N, N and S brands, respectively. The mean of phthalates in brands of D, O, S, N, T were 3.71,4.45,4.83,4.96 and 5.23 ppb, respectively. Conclusion: The mean phthalate esters released concentration was significant only in S and T brands for DEHP and DMP (p = 0.001). In other cases, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). Keywords: Phthalates, Bottled Water, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Storage Conditions

96

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of South Tehran wastewater treatment plant Accumulated Sludge Microbial Quality Masoomeh Askari1, Mahmood Alimohammadi1,2*, Samaneh Momeni1, Kazem Naddafi1, Ramin Nabizadeh1, Fazlollah Changani1, Mahmood Yousefi1 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public health, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: [email protected] 2Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract Background and Objectives: Assessment of sludge quality is necessary for agricultural and soil remediation before used. This study was conducted to determine the quality of south Tehran wastewater treatment plant accumulated sludge. Materials and Methods: In this study, microbial quality accumulated sludge in south Tehran was evaluated in two seasons, spring and summer. In each season, 5 samples were collected from accumulated sludge and analyzed for total /fecal coliform and salmonella. Data was analysis by excel software. Results and Discussion: Accumulated sludge was classified as class A and B in spring and summer by EPA standard respectively. Increasing the retention time of sludge in the spring showed an acceptable result in terms of microbial quality. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that by adjusting the sludge accumulation time-effective after treatment processes, can be converted to class A sludge and used in agriculture without any arrangements. Key words: Sludge, wastewater treatment plant, Microbial quality

97

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluating the effect of Nickle oxide nanoparticle on the activation of hydrogen peroxide for the removing of Cephalexin from synthetic wastewater Abdolmotaleb Sidmohammadi 1, Fateme Asadi* 2, Ghorban Asgari 3, Zahra Torkshavand4 1 Associate Professor, research center for health science, Department of Environmental health engineering, Hamadan University of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 2 PhD student of Environmental health engineering, Member of Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 3 Associate Professor, research center for health science, Department of Environmental health engineering, Hamadan University of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 4 PhD student of Environmental health engineering, Member of Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran. *Corresponding author: Fateme asadi

Abstract Introduction: Today, the presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater has been a major environmental problem, in addition, its amount to the wastewater industry, hospitals and domestic areas, is increasing. Among medications, antibiotics, have higher environmental risks than other drugs. Advanced oxidation method has been considered by the researchers with features such as low space requirement, convenient installation, reduced sludge production. In this study, the use of nickel oxide nanoparticles as a catalyst in the activation of hydrogen peroxide to remove cephalexin was studied. Method: In this experimental study, which was conducted in the chemistry laboratory of the School of Health and done in bench scale. The effect of pH in the four zones is 3, 5, 7, and 10, Effect of hydrogen peroxide dose 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml /L, was investigated. As well as, the concentration of nickel oxide nanoparticles in four levels of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/L, Cephalexin concentration at four levels of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/L were investigated. In order to evaluate the data Minitab16 software and the Gothic model were used. Results: Based on the Gothic model, the highest S/N rate was 39.26 and the first level, pH 3, was obtained. This parameter was 54.59% in terms of impact in the first place of the parameters was studied. The initial concentration of cephalexin, based on the S/N rate, was found 38.7 at the first level (concentration 20 mg/L) and the participation share 8.33% in terms of impact on the fourth place. The results of different amounts of oxide nanoparticles as catalyst showed that this array with a S/N ratio of 39 at an optimal concentration of catalyst distillation was 1.5 mg /L with a share of 16.16% in the second place. Conclusion: Based on optimal conditions, we can conclude, this method can be used with the lowest chemical intake to remove cephalexin antibiotics, And the least pollution in the environment. Indeed this method can be used as an environmentally friendly way to remove cephalexin from industrial and hospital effluent. Key Words: Cephalexin, Hydrogen Peroxide, Oxidizing Nanoparticle, Synthetic Sewage

98

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Modeling and optimization of electrochemical active chlorine production from synthetic saline solutions using central composite design (CCD) for drinking water disinfection Maziar Naderi*1, Simin Nasseri1, 2 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, email: [email protected] 2Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Health Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Electrochemical processes have been recently considered as an effective method of water treatment and disinfection. This study investigates the feasibility to optimally generate free or active chlorine from a synthetic saline effluents by electrolysis using an experimental design methodology. To this end, an experimental plant was made. Considering the minimum and maximum values of the three parameters of the initial concentration of sodium chloride (15 and 35 g/l), the electrical voltage (6 and 12 volts) and the electrolysis time (5 and 10 minutes) and with including the central and axial points, totally 20 runs were obtained. In addition, a central composite design (CCD) methodology was evaluated to determine the optimal experimental parameters for chlorine production. The active chlorine of samples was measured by powdered DPD free chlorine reagent and the DR5000 spectrophotometer. The experimental design and statistical analysis of the data were performed using R software. The electrolytic cell used under optimal conditions (at an electrical voltage of 12 V during 7.5 min in the presence of 35 g/l of NaCl) is able to produce 77 mg/l of chlorine at the current density of 2000 mA/cm2 for an energy consumption of 0.2 kwh/l. The results of this study showed that without lowering pH to below 2 and using low-cost and available graphite electrodes, active chlorine was formed in significant amounts. Besides, with increasing each of the three parameters, the formation of the active chlorine increased and also the electrical voltage was the main parameter influencing the free chlorine production. Also, the results led to the construction of two portable devices producing chlorine gas for water disinfection. Eventually, it is concluded that the process provides a suitable method for reuse of brine water from membrane processes to produce a strong oxidizing agent for the disinfection of drinking water. Keywords: Active chlorine, water disinfection, experimental design, current density

99

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation efficiency granular magnetic chitosan adsorbent in Removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions

Zohreh Soltaniha 1, Emad Dehghani Fard 2, Fatemeh Ebrahimpour 3 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran *Corresponding author: *Corresponding author: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Background and objective : Nowadays, due to the increasing production and consumption of antibiotics, its presence and its status in aquatic environments are considered as one of the most important environmental challenges. Tetracycline is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in terms of production and consumption worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of granular magnetic chitosan adsorbent in removing tetracycline from aqueous solutions.. materials and methods: In this study, tetracycline was synthesized using granular magnetic chitosan. Absorption experiments were performed to remove this antibiotic in a discontinuous system. The pH parameters (5-8), the initial density of antibiotics (5-15 mg / l), the absorbent dose (1-5 g / l) and temperature (20-45 ° C) were investigated. Results :The results of this study showed that the optimum adsorbent condition for removing tetracycline from aqueous solution occurs at pH = 6, initial density of 10 mg / L, absorbent dose of 5 g / l, temperature 20 ° C and in the absence of interventional ions. Conclusion: Based on the results, granular magnetic chitosan has a good efficacy to remove tetracycline antibiotics. keywords: tetracycline, chitosan, antibiotics

100

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Optimization of UV/H2O2/Fe3O4 process to remove Aniline from aqueous solutions using central composite methology Sara Hemati 1, Babak mayahi2, Mohsen Arbabi 3 1 PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Email: [email protected] 2Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Deputy of Health, Health Care Center No. 1. Isfahan, Iran, E-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: [email protected] Abstract Aniline with a benzene ring in its structure is a toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic compound that causes many diseases in humans. Various methods have been developed to remove this pollutant from the environment among which the advanced oxidation has been successful in obtaining higher aniline removal efficiency. In this study, a UV light and Fe3O4 nano catalyst were used to remove aniline. In the current study, the efficiency of aniline removal was studied as a dependent variable and aniline, hydrogen peroxide and iron nano catalyst concentrations, time and pH were investigated as independent variables. The concentration of aniline was measured by spectrophotometer. The optimization of the process was determined using the Response Surface Method (RSM) design and the Central Composite Design (CCD) model. Expert Design (ED) software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the aniline removal efficiency decreased with increase in nano-catalyst concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration as well as time and decreased with increasing pH and aniline concentration. To achieve maximum efficiency (78.1%), the optimal values for pH, initial concentration, time and nano-particle and H2O2 content were 3.2, 101 mg/L, 50 min, 0.45 g/L and 31.08 mmol/L, respectively. The results showed that the photofentone process has a desirable ability to remove aniline from aqueous solution at pilot scale. Therefore, it was suggested to study the efficiency of this process as one of the clean and environmentally friendly methods at full scale on real wastewater. Keywords: Anilin, Iron nanoparticles, Advanced oxidation, Response surface methology, Central composite design

101

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Photocatalytic Removal of Catechol from aqueous solutions using UV/퐅퐞ퟐ퐎ퟑ and Fe2O3/sunlight Processes Mehraban Sadeghi 1, Sara Hemati2*, Shahin raeisivand 3, Somaye Shahsavan4, Abdolmajid Fadaei5 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: [email protected] 2 PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Email: [email protected] 3 Other Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: [email protected] 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: [email protected] 5Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Sara Hemati, PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Email: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: phenols and phenolic compounds are widely used in everyday life and industry. Environmental stability, solubility in aqueous medium and high toxicity of these compounds is the reason for the great interest on them. The purpose of this study is the removal of catechol from wastewater based on the comparative use of two photocatalytic hematite/UV and hematite/sunlight processes. Method: In this experimental-laboratory study the hematite nanoparticles are used with the separate application of UV and sunlight to reduce10 to 50 mg concentrations catechol. The study is conducted on synthetic wastewater samples. The effect of parameters such as hematite concentration, reaction time and PH are studied on the catechol removal efficiency of both models. The remaining catechol concentration in the samples is measured by spectrophotometer within the wavelength of 600 nm.

Results: The best catechol removal efficiency by UV/퐹푒2푂3 and Fe2O3/sunlight processes is 92.3 and 88% obtained at pH=2, contact time of 60 minutes, hematite concentration of 4.0 grams per liter and catechol concentration of 50 milligrams per liter.

Conclusion: The results showed that UV/퐹푒2푂3 and Fe2O3/sunlight photocatalytic processes have a good potential in catechol removal from aqueous solutions in pilot scale. Therefore it is proposed to study the performance of these processes as a clean and environmentally friendly practice in full scale with real wastewater.

Keywords: photocatalyst, hematite nanoparticles, phenol, catechol, sunlight

102

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Optimization of UV-Electroproxone a hybrid process in potassium persulfate presence to treatment of leachate with Design Expert 10.0.01 software: Determine operating cost and sludge variations Mohammadreza Samarghandi1, Majid Kermani2, Jamal Mehralipour3, Zahra azad4, Saeed khanmohammadi4, Zahra forghani4 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering and Research Center for Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of Medical Science Hamadan; [email protected] 2 Associate Professor of Environmental Health Engineering Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science; Email address: [email protected] 3Ph.D Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health Branch, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Email: [email protected] 4 BS Environmental Health Engineering, School of Medicine Saveh, Saveh, Markazi *Corresponding author: Jamal Mehralipour

Abstract The presence of pollutants in the environment has contributed to increase the pollution of soil and water sources. Leachate from wastes in landfill site is one of the largest and most important sources of environmental pollution that has become a major threat in waste management. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), with ● ●- ability to produce oxidizing radicals (such an OH , SO4 and etc.), have the potential to degrade of many refractory organic pollutants, which are considered as a novel approach in leachate treatment. The UV- Electroproxone process (UV-EPP) in the presence of persulfate, using several mechanisms such as ultraviolet ray, electric current, ozone gas, and the presence of oxidizing radicals sources, Finally leads to leachate treatment. In this experimental study, the effects of main variables in process were optimized with Design Expert software. Selected ranges of parameters were pH (4-8), direct electric current (3.125 - 6.25 mA/cm2), reaction time (120-240 min), ozone gas concentration (1-2 mg/l.min) and concentration of persulfate (0.5-1 g/l). In this study photo electrochemical reactor was used with a 500 ml useful volume that equipped with nanogeraphen electrodes. Based on experimental results and software modeling, it was found that the highest process efficiency was at pH 4.04, electrical current density 6.25 mA/cm2, reaction time of 240 min, ozone concentration of 1.99 mg/l.min and persulfate concentration of 0.84 g/l. In this situation, the process has the ability to remove 83 percent of the initial COD of leachate. According to p-value less than 0.05 (p-Value = 0.035), the proposed model is valid for this process. According to the FT-IR and SEM images, significant changes were observed in the structure of sludge that indicates the process has a suitable efficiency on treatment of leachate. The electrical energy consumed was 425 watts per kg of removed COD in optimum condition. The results of this study showed that the process has a good performance in reducing the COD of leachate and can be used as a pre-treatment or final treatment in landfill site. Without using any specific and dangerous chemicals has made the process known as an environmental friendly process. Keywords: Optimization, UV-Electroproxone process, potassium di-proxy persulfate, Leachate, Design Expert software

103

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

BTEX removal from aqueous solutions by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with homogenizer Hamidreza Pourzamani 1, Iman parseh 2, Elaheh tondro3 ,Hosein Karimi4, Mohamad Darvish4, Ghasem Kiani4, Saeid Fadaei4* 1Associate Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. [email protected] 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciense.Behbahan. Iran. [email protected] 3Department of, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, [email protected] 4PhD of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. [email protected] 5PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Background: BTEX are a volatile compound with single ring aromatic in petroleum. Due to the flammability, toxicity, and carcinogenicity property of this compound, a trace of BTEX have adverse effects on water quality. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified with an ultrasonic homogenizer (US) to the removal of BTEX from aqueous solutions. Method: MWCNT was modified in different concentration, time, and intensity and the optimal condition was selected. After modification based on the design of experiments (DOE), 16 experiments were arranged at 4 levels with 4 factors. Samples required for simulation in the laboratory were built and were analyzed by gas chromatography mass. Results: The results showed that the optimum conditions for modified carbon nanotubes were concentration of 30% sodium hypochlorite, time of 5 seconds, and intensity of 50 dB. The optimum condition for initial BTEX concentration, MWCNT dose, contact time, and pH was: 100 mg/l, 2000 mg/l, 20 min, and 7 respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that this method could be easily applied and effectively increase the efficiency of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes modified with homogenizer is an effective adsorbent for the removal of BTEX from the environment. Keywords: BTEX, Aqueous Solution, Multi-walled, Carbon Nanotubes Modified, Homogenizer

104

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation and zonation of physicochemical parameters of Ala Gol wetland water Z Yousefi1, A Zafarzadeh2, R A Mohammadpour3, E BabanezhadOarimi4, M Shokrzadeh5, A Fouladian6*, V.Kheir Abadi7

1Professor of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2Assistant professor of Golestsn University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 3Assistant professor of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 4professor of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 5Associated professor of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 6Corresponding author:*MSc Student of Environmental Health Engineering of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 7Ph.D. student of Fisheries Department, School of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran Abstract Background:AlaGol wetland is one of the most important water ecosystems in the Ramsar convention. The aim of this study is to study some physicochemical parameters of Ala Gol wetland and compare it with international standards. Methods: For this reason, their values were studied in five zones of the wetland. Environmental parameters were measured by a spectrophotometer in a laboratory. The results obtained and its zonation in GIS and an Inverse Distance Weighted method (IDW) measurement revealed Results: The mean of DO in the autumn was greater than the mean of DO in the summer and the TDS and EC levels were higher in the autumn than the summer season. The amount of cod in the autumn was significantly different from winter.(p <0.01). There was no significant difference between TSS and BOD in two seasons (p> 0.05). The lowest level of BOD was in the autumn with 2 mg / l. Turbidity has fallen less than the summer season. Nitrite and nitrate levels in different zones and seasons were not significantly different (p>0.05). The highest concentration was observed in the northern and western zones Conclusion:It seems that the increase in ambient temperature, urban population growth near wetlands, sewage and activities agriculture, fishing and tourism have been the main reasons for increasing the concentration of metals in these areas. Keywords: Ala Gol Wetland, Physical and Chemical Physics, Golestan

105

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Efficiency investigation of sepiolite- nano zero-valent iron in removal of metoprolol from aqueous solution Hiwa Hossaini1,2, Mozhgan Daneshkhah3 Mohammad Malakootian4,5*

1. Department Of Environmental Health Engineering, school of public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. 2. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Email address: [email protected] 3. MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Email address: [email protected]. 4. Ph.D. Professor, Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 5. Ph.D. Professor, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Email address: [email protected] * Corresponding author: E-mail address: [email protected]. Tel: + (98)343135074; Fax: + (98)343135105.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The presence of β-blockers i.e. metoprolol (MPL) as an emerging contaminant, in the aquatic environment due to their high water solubility, consumption and persistence has become a subject of concern. Aim of the study: In this study metoprolol was removed from water with a nZVI coated on sepiolite to prevent agglomeration and provide high reactive area. Methodology: An experimental study was conducted in Environmental Health Engineering Research center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran on a laboratory scale. Sepiolite-supported nano zero-valent iron (SPT-nZVI) was synthesize by sodium borohydride reduction method, and characterized by various techniques including X-Ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDAX). Metoprolol concentration in solutions was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatograghy (HPLC). Selective parameters including solution pH, contact time, H2O2 concentration, initial MPL concentration and dosage of nanoparticles were investigated and optimized. Also, kinetic studies were investigated at optimal conditions. Results: The results indicated that the maximum MPL removal of 67.24% ± 0.95 in the absence of water anions and cations was obtained in optimal condition of 3 mg/L of MPL concentration, 10 mM H2O2, SPT-nZVI dosage of 0.5 g/L, solution pH 3 and 60 min contact time. Kinetics study indicated that the removal of metoprolol was best fitted with the pseudo- second order model (R2 = 0.99).

106

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Classification and hydrogeochemical facies of Badamak water well Maryam Jafari1*, Sahar Mohammadi Khanghah2 , Sedigheh Naz Seyyed Mousavi3 ,Nasibeh ghorbani pashkolai4

1 Quality control expert, Tehran rural water and wastewater Co.; [email protected] 2 Laboratory expert, Tehran rural water and wastewater Co.; [email protected] 3 Laboratory expert, Tehran rural water and wastewater Co.; [email protected] 4 Manager of laboratory and quality control, Tehran rural water and wastewater Co.; [email protected] *Corresponding author:Maryamjafari Abstract Ground water is one of the main sources of supplying water. According to various agricultural, industrial and human activities, the reduction of the sources level and the entry of various pollutants and chemicals and minerals, the water quality of the underground sources is constantly changing. Due to the importance of maintaining water quality in accordance with the national and international standards, quality monitoring of the sources is essential. For this purpose, in this article, the quality of well water in the Badamak village during 2007-2017 has been studied. The outcomes confirmed the desirability of the drinking water of Badamak. The drinking water of this source, from the viewpoint of classification was good and has no dominant anionic facies but calcium type. Keywords: Quality monitoring, Scholler Diagram, Piper Diagram, Durov Diagram, Badamak

107

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Salinity, corrosion and scaling of Badamak water well Sahar Mohammadi Khanghah1 , Sedigheh Naz Seyyed Mousavi2 ,Maryam Jafari3*, ,Nasibeh ghorbani pashkolai4

1 Laboratory expert, Tehran rural water and wastewater Co.; [email protected] 2 Laboratory expert, Tehran rural water and wastewater Co.; [email protected] 3 Quality control expert, Tehran rural water and wastewater Co.; [email protected] 4 Manager of laboratory and quality control, Tehran rural water and wastewater Co.; [email protected] *Corresponding author:Maryamjafari Abstract Corrosion of structures such as tanks, pipes and fittings is one of the most important water challenges. Although corrosion does not create a problem with water use, but corrosion, along with irreparable financial losses and rising water costs, further reduces the astonishing aspects of aesthetic aspects. Using the quality indexes the rate of corrosion and scaling of the water supply source of the badamak village has been evaluated. The results indicated the corrosively of the water sources. Also, by calculating the ratio of sodium absorption ratio, and exchangeable sodium content, salinity levels have been investigated, which indicated the desirability of drinking water in the village of badamak. Regarding the mentioned results, the control and monitoring of effective parameters such as pH, hardness and alkalinity on corrosion properties, as well as the use of pipes and fittings to prevent water corrosion and replacement of old networks should be on the programs. On the other hand, water quality in terms of salinity is in a fully desirable and usable condition for agricultural consumption. Keywords: Quality monitoring, Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Badamak

108

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The evolution of rural water networks in Tehran province Yasser Abdi 1, Reza Pour Rajab 2, Maryam Jafari 3 1 Beneficiary expert of rural water and waste water Co. 2 Managing director of rural water and waste water Co. 3 Quality control expert of rural water and waste water Co. *Corresponding author:[email protected]

Abstract In the last century, the increase in population and the progress of the industry have created very important and complicated issues on the way to water supply all over the world, which, unlike traditional methods used in the past, is only possible with the help of expert technicians. Meanwhile, specialists have discussed various issues, including hydrological possibilities of the region, population increase in it, amount of available water and etc. to establish proper water supply network. The present research a has been classified into three main groups in order to evaluate the most important parameters of change and evolution in rural water supply networks of Tehran province in the last 30 years. It has been done by documentary-descriptive method and using existing resources. The results of this study showed that although good progress has been made in developing rural water supply networks, however,it still needs to review and further define the design of a water supply network. Keywords: Water supply network, water supply custodians, type and structure of water supply networks, material and age of water supply networks

109

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluating of the efficiency of ZnO and WO3 catalysts combined with ultraviolet light and ultrasonic in removing β-lactam antibiotics from aqueous solutions Ali Almasi1, Mitra Mohammadi2, Khadijeh Shamsi3* 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails:[email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails: [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Email: [email protected]

*Corresponding author Khadijeh Shamsi Email: [email protected] Abstract In the present study an integration of Photo catalytic and sonolysis processes was evaluated for Penicillin G removal from aqueous solution. Extensively, Penicillin G used for diverse infectious diseases. Generally, antibiotics enter in to the food chain and threat the environment and health risk outcome. The parameter of this study were: UV radiation, contact time of 60-120 min, Penicillin G initial concentration of 50-150 mg/L, ZnO of 400-600 mg/L and WO3 of 100-200 mg/L. A pilot scale of Pyrex reactor with volume of 1.5 liter of solution reaction was applied. In order to analyses the resulting data, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied aimed at optimize operating and interactive effect of independent variable on the response. Based on obtained result, antibiotic concentration in UV/WO3 and catalyst dose in UV/ZnO, were the most effective factors in removal rate of Penicillin G. In overall in the sonlysis process the maximum and minimum COD removal rate reach to 24.82%, 12.45% respectively. Finally, the maximum removal rate in UV/WO3process reach to 91.3% by under condition, catalyst dose of 200 mg/L, contact time of 120 min and antibiotic concentration of 50 mg/L. As a result, photo catalytic process was as applicable technology and environmentally friend processes which can be applied extensively and preferably, prospective applying of photo catalytic processes. Key words: Advanced oxidation process, Penicillin G, Response surface methodology

110

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Survey and identification of Enteroviruses in wastewater treatment plant by RT-PCR method Farbod Pazooki1, Giti Kashi*2, Maryam Alamoti 3 1Bachelor Student, Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; E-mail address: [email protected] [email protected] &) *2 Associate professor, Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; E-mail address: [email protected] & Water Purification Research Centre (WPRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; E-mail assress: [email protected] 3 Bachelor Student, Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; E-mail address: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Associate professor, Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; E-mail address: [email protected] & Water Purification Research Centre (WPRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; E-mail assress: [email protected] Abstract Definition of problem: Human enteroviruses contamination, one of the major etiologic agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease, are the most important agent of waterborne disease in the Asia-Pacific region including Iran country. Human enteroviruses, as emerging contaminants, perhaps present in aquatic environments. Aim of study: The aim of this analytical study is to survey, identify, and quantity the Enterovirus contamination of wastewater treatment plant in Fshafvyh prison, Southern Tehran city. Methodology: In this analytical study, census sampling is used. 12 samples are taken from different stages of wastewater treatment plant in Fshafvyh prison of Tehran city during February to August 2018. The samples are transported in cold box and sterile condition according to procedure detailed in standard methods. Total virus numbers recovered are measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). The parameters such as total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), pH, turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS) are measured according to the micro-Kjeldahl distillation apparatus (4500-Norg:1),the electrometric method (4500 B), the nephelometric method (2130 B), and the gravimetric method (2540 B). We measure the Enteroviruses by using a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) (9510 G method). This method reports the number of viruses as the number of genome copies per liter of human Enteroviruses. Results: The pH, turbidity, TKN, and TSS range of 6 samples in February are 6.5-7.6, 7.6-3460 NTU, 2.1- 109 mg/l, and 14-5052 mg/l, respectively. The pH, turbidity, TKN, and TSS range of 6 samples in August are 6.2-7.3, 10.5-3463 NTU, 2.4-112 mg/l, and 17-5055 mg/l, respectively. The Enterovirus contamination range of 12 samples in February and August is 1-22, and 4-26 genome copies/L, respectively. Conclusions: This method is the most performance in detecting Enterovirus in wastewater. We performed quantitative detection of Enterovirus in wastewater. The low number of samples is considered as our research limitation. It is concluded that supervision on wastewater treatment, disinfection, and discharge lead to prevent water viral contamination. Growth conditions played a critical role in the recovery of Enterovirus in wastewater. Thus, conventional wastewater treatment plants were disable in reducing human enteroviruses due to identifying in treated wastewater. Keywords: Enterovirus, Genome copies, PCR-RT method, pH, Wastewater

111

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Metronidazole antibiotic removal from aqueous solutions by Up flow fixed-bed column packed with sucrose-modified pumice: Thomas and the Adams–Bohart modeling Ghorban Asgari* 1, Abdolmotaleb Seidmohammadi2, Mostafa Leili3, Ziba Khodayri4, Mehdi Salari5 1Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; [email protected] 2Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 3Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 4 MSc Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 5Ph.D. Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Ghorban Asgari, Iran, Hamadan, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC); [email protected] Abstract In the last years, intensive concern has been expressed for increasing the presence of antibiotics into water bodies because of discharging untreated or inadequately treated wastewaters of pharmaceutical industries to water environments. Metronidazole, one of the most commonly used antibiotics, has been used to treat the infection produced from anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. It has been reported that the drug has methanogenicity and carcinogenicity potential due to its ability to damage lymphocyte DNA. To design an industrial-scale adsorption process, it is necessary to precisely modeling and simulating the dynamic behavior of the fixed bed adsorption system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the fixed bed column with sucrose-modified pumice in removal of the antibiotic metronidazole from aqueous phase. In this experimental study, the adsorbent was prepared from pumice stone modified with sucrose to remove metronidazole. The test setup consisted of a cylindrical-shape reactor with dimensions of 20 cm in length and 2cm in diameter. To assess the fixed bed column in the removal of metronidazole, independent parameters including initial concentration, the pH of the solution, flow, and pumice height in bed were investigated. To evaluate the breakthrough curves of metronidazole removal in fixed bed and evaluation of fixed bed column performance, Thomas and the Adams–Bohart models were used. The confirming analyses of SEM, EDX, XRD, and BET revealed that the pumice modified with sucrose was synthesized as well. The results of BET analysis indicated that specific surface area of pumice after being modified increased from 8.4 to 35 for each gram of adsorbent. The results, moreover, indicated that with decreasing pH and contaminant concentration, the bed lifetime was elevated. Thomas model is more reliable with the experimental data. According to model data, we can use the Thomas model to design and determine the amount of required adsorbent in real conditions. The fixed bed column can be used as an effective method to remove antibiotics from the water. Keywords: Metronidazole, Fixed bed, Carbonated Pumice, Sucrose

112

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Nitrate from Drinking Water by Mixotrophic Denitrification with elemental Sulfur and changes of hardness, alkalinity and sulfate during Process Reza Ataei1,Hossein Alidadi2, Ali Asghar Neshat3, Ali Akbar Dehghan4, Ali Asghar Navaei1, Mahmoud Dankoob1, Afsaneh Karimi5 ,MohsenYazdani6,7 1M.Sc. student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, school of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ([email protected]) ([email protected]) 2Professor, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Health sciences research center, school of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ([email protected]) 3Assistant Professor, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran. 4Assistant Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental health Engineering, School of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ([email protected]) 5MSc, Department of Environmental health Engineering, School of Public Health & Environmental health Expert of Dehdez Health Centers, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. ([email protected]) 6Department of Environmental health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 7Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. *Corresponding author: Mohsen Yazdani ([email protected]) Abstract Introduction: In this study the mixing of autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria in a process known as mixotrophic denitrification are used for removal of nitrate from water. The aim of this study was assessment of mixotrophic denitrification process efficiency in nitrate removal from drinking water and the effect of the proposed process on hardness, alkalinity and sulfate variables are survived too. Material and methods: In this experimental Study a plexi-glass reactor with upward flow was designed and fabricated. For the mixotrophic denitrification the reactor was operated under anoxic condition. The carbon source of heterotrophic Bactria was acetic acid and the energy source of autotrophic was elemental sulfur. Because of sufficient raw water alkalinity, the carbon source for autotrophic bacteria was not added. The molar ratio of acetate to nitrate was 0.5. The operational pH was 6.1, 7.2 and 8 as well as the HRT was 2, 4 and 6 h .The temperature was 28±2 at 90 operational days. For data analysis the SPSS and Excel soft wares were applied. Results: the obtained results showed that this process in the best situation (HRT: 6h and pH: 7.2) can remove 92 percent of nitrate. The nitrate rate from 102 mg/l in influent water decreased to 8 mg/l. The alkalinity and Total hardness variations showed that 0.5 mg alkalinity and 1 mg/lCaCo3 hardness were added per 1 mg removed nitrate. The sulfate was added 3.1 mg per 1 mg removed nitrate to the effluent of system. Conclusion: The mixotrophic denitrification process utilizes many kinds of denitrifier bacteria, also the organic materials in effluent is controllable in this system, so it seems be better than the autotrophic or heterotrophic processes separately. It is clear that the mixotrophic process is very effective in nitrate removal from water. Keywords: Mixotrophic Denitrification, Nitrate, Drinking Water, Sulfur

113

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Using respirometric techniques for investigation of the effects of AlkylPhenolic compounds on kinetic coefficients and biomass activity in Moving Bed Bio Reactor Farzaneh Mohammadi 1*, Bijan Bina 1,2, Zeynab Yavari 1, Somaye Rahimi 1 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 2 Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; *Corresponding author: Farzaneh Mohammadi, Email: [email protected], Abstract

The presence of AlkylPhenols (APs) in aquatic systems is considered as one of the environmental concerns in recent decades which are generally used as surfactants. APs are endocrine disruptors and estrogen-mimicking, causing harmful effects such as feminization and carcinogenesis on aquatic environment and human health. The most commercially important APs are 4-NonylPhenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-OctylPhenol (4-t-OP). Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), which combined attached and suspended growth advantages, is an advanced biological treatment process for municipal and industrial wastewaters that has drawn considerable attention from many researchers to remove toxic pollutants from wastewater. The aim of this research was to evaluate Bacterial activities and kinetic coefficients in the presence of APs. This study was carried out using laboratory- scale MBBR fed with synthetic wastewater containing 4-NP and 4-t-OP. The reactor was operated at different loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and APs and different hydraulic retention time (HRT). The respirometric technique was applied to investigate the effect of APs on heterotrophic and autotrophic activity and kinetic coefficients in biomass obtained from MBBR. Respirometric technique demonstrates a reliable tool in order to assess the biofilm kinetic coefficients and biomass viability to insert in the mathematical models. The calculated kinetic parameters were in the range of conventional and extended aeration activated sludge processes. The results demonstrate that APs have significant inhibitory effects on activity and growth rate of heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, heterotrophs have been less affected by the presence of 4-NP and 4-t-OP, and these compounds had greater inhibitory effects on autotrophic bacteria. Key words: Respirometric techniques; Alkylphenols; Autotrophs; Heterotrophs; Kinetic coefficients; MBBR

114

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of petroleum from contaminated water by affordable adsorbents Zahra Zamiraei 1, Mehran Parsa2, Mohammadreza Golriz 3, Fatemeh Ghanbari4 1 Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Rasht, Iran; [email protected] 2 Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Rasht, Iran; [email protected] 3 Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), 4144635699, Rasht, Iran; [email protected] 4 Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Rasht, Iran, [email protected] *Corresponding author: Zahra Zamiraei Abstract Petroleum pollution has an important impact on marine plants and animals, coral islands, fishing, beaches, human health and tourism industry. Therefore, it is important to recycle or prevent leakage and to remove them from contaminated water. There are various ways to remove and recycle oil; including physical, mechanical, biological and photochemical methods, filtration and the most widely used way is absorption methods. The choice of an economically suitable hydrophobic absorber should be easy to handle, not expensive, and not be classified as hazardous. The adsorbent material can be organic or inorganic. Organic materials usually include plants, animals, or other high-carbon compounds (such as food waste, rice husk, macroalgae, algae, creatine, etc.). It is also possible to use organic compounds produced in industries such as petroleum and fertilizer industries. Inorganic compounds used as adsorbents are usually substances such as: soil, clay, mud, zeolite, minerals, metal oxides and hydroxides. Keywords: Petroleum, Water Pollution, Adsorbent, Environment, Affordable.

115

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Biological Removal of Sulfate from water by Using Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Changing Sulfide, Hardness and Alkalinity during Process Reza Ataei1,Hossein Alidadi2, MohsenYazdani3, Mahmoud Dankoob1, Ali Asghar Navaei1 1M.Sc. student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, school of Health,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ([email protected]) ([email protected]) 2 Professor, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Health sciences research center, school of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .([email protected]) 3PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Ali Asghar Navaei, ([email protected])

Abstract Background: Sulfate with high concentration in drinking water can cause a taste in water and have a considerable role in permanent or non-carbonate hardness in case of combination with Mg and Na. The aim of present research was to employ Sulfate reduction bacteria (SBR) in removal of sulfate from drinking water. The additional object of our study was to investigate the effect of reduction process on hardness, alkanity and sulfide. Material & Methods: This experimental study was conducted in four batch reactors with determined volume and operated in anaerobic conditions with temperature of 25±2 for 30 days. Acetate was considered as a carbon source and energy for sulfate reduction bacteria throughout the experiments. All experiments were performed based on methods stated in standard method for the examination of water and wastewater. The results obtained from the present study was analyzed in Excel software.

Results.The highest percentage of sulfate reduction (70.3%) occurred in reactor 3 at pH=8.5. The results of alkanity variation indicated the increase in alkanity for 1.2 time more than initial concentration. While, the results of hardness demonstrated the increases 0.2 mg/L caco3 per 1 mg/l sulfate reduction. The sulfide concentration was increased 0.3 mg/l per 1 mg/l sulfate reduction. Conclusion: Given the results obtained from the present research, sulfate reduction process by SBR can remove sulfate concentration in drinking water by 64%. Therefore, this process is an effective and applicable in sulfate removal, however, some characteristics of drinking water such as hardness and alkanity are necessary to be controlled or removed in a proper way. Key words: Sulfate, Water, Sulfate Reducing Bacteria

116

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources Bardaskan villages using drinking water quality index (DWQI) with application of ArcGIS in Iran Majid RadFard b,a, Abooalfazl Azhdarpoora*, Amir Hossein Mahvic,d a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran b Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran c Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran, Tehran, Iran d Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author. Email: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. [email protected]. Abstract Drinking water supply and healthy one important goals in human society, which provides access to development and progress. As the quality of water resources changes over time and people are dissatisfied, the importance of checking the quality of drinking water is evident. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of drinkable groundwater in Bardaskan villages with standards and determine the water quality index. The results of this study showed that hardness parameters, electrical conductivity and sodium and sulfate ions were 66, 13, 45 and 12.5 percent of the studied villages, respectively, higher than the Iranian drinking water standard. The Water Quality Index (WQI) of Bardaskan village water samples showed that in 3.3, 60,23.3 and 13.3 percent of villages, the ranking was excellent, good, poor and very poor, repectively. Keywords: Drinking water, WQI, Bardaskan villages, Iran

117

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Preparation of polyaniline/HPC nanocomposite for the removal of Hg(ІІ) from aqueous media Zeynab Karimi1 and Mohammad Ali Zazouli2

1 MSc Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran, Email: [email protected] 2Department of Enviromenta l Health Engineering, Factuly of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran; Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mohammad Ali Zazouli Abstract Nanocomposite of polyaniline (PAn) in the presence of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) as a surfactant was prepared in aqueous media via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method at room temperature. The ability of product to removal of mercury ions from aqueous solution was studied. The chemical structure and morphology were studied by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the HPC influence the properties of products. Batch studied was carried out to estimate the influence of pH and contact time to Hg(ІІ) removal percentage. The results showed that the PAn/HPC nanocomposite has a considerable ability in removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution. Optimum conditions for Hg(II) removal were found to be pH 3 and equilibrium time 30 minutes. It was also found that the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was better described by Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Keywords: Polyaniline, Nanocomposite, Hg(II), Removal, Isotherm

118

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Hg(II) from Water using Polythiophene/PVP Nanocomposite Zeynab Karimi1, Yasaman Pourbakhshi2 and Reza Khalili3 1 MSc Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran, Email: [email protected] 2 Institute of Medical Advanced Technologies, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Email: [email protected] 3Babol University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, Babol, Iran, Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Reza Khalili Abstract Polythiophene nanocomposite in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a surfactant was synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method at room temperature in aqueous media, and its capability for the removal of mercury ions from water was studied. Product was characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results indicate that the poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) influences the properties of products. Batch studied were done to estimate the influence of pH, contact time, and initial concentration of Hg(II) on the removal of Hg(II). The optimum conditions of sorption were: pH 3, contact time 30 min, and initial concentration of Hg(II) 50 mg/L. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations were subjected to sorption data to estimate the sorption capacity. It was also found that the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was better described by Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Keywords: Polythiophene, Nanocomposite, Hg(II), Removal, Surfactants

119

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Biodecolorization of textile reactive azo dyes using newly bacteria strains isolated from dairy effluents Fazel. Mohammadi-Moghadam1, Mehraban. Sadeghi1, Solaiman. Forouzandeh1* 1- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract Synthetic dyes are widely used in textile industries. About 70% of all dyestuffs used in textile are azo dyes. After usage of dyes in textile processing operations, certain amounts of these dyes are usually lost in wastewater that causes environmental and health problems. In the present study, we investigated discoloration of two azo dyes, reactive black 5 (RB-5) and reactive Red 120 (RR-120) using three new bacterial strains isolated from dairy effluent. Initially, 10 strains of bacteria were isolated from dairy effluents. Then, using decolorization pre-test, three potent strains were selected for the final decolorization test and coded from 1 to 3. Decolorization test was conducted for 5 concentrations (10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/l) of each dye. The pH was adjusted to 7 and incubation at 37°C for 3 days. Spectrophotometry method was used to evaluate the efficiency of decolorization by strains. After 3 days of incubation, decolorization efficiency for strains 1 to 3 at the concentration of 200 mg/l of RR120 was 89.7%, 87.1% and 89.3%, and for 200 mg/l of RB5 were 90.8%, 90.0%, and 89.9%, respectively. After the sequences of 16srRNA gene of strains, the strains were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers of KX180131, KX180132 and KX180133 for codes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Also, the strains were submitted in GenBank with labolatory identifier names Staphylococcus sp. MEH038S, Micrococcus luteus strain SEH038S and Micrococcus luteus strain FEH038S. Keywords: Microbial decolorization, reactive azo dyes, textile effluent, dairy effluent bacteria

120

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Optimization of ethylbenzene removal from aqueous media by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process using magnesium oxide nanoparticles Leili Mohamadi1, Edris Bazrafshan2, Razieh khaksefidi3 1PhD in Environmental Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract Background and purpose: Ethyl benzene is a toxic aromatic compound derived from petroleum hydrocarbons which usually enters the environment through leakage of oil industries and activities, wastes and effluents released by pharmaceutical industry, plastics, resins and petrochemicals. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of the use of MgO nanoparticles as catalysts in the ozonation process for ethyl-benzene removal from the aqueous environments under laboratory conditions. Materials and methods: This experimental study was performed on a laboratory scale in a semi- continuous reactor. We studied the effect of different variables such as pH values (3, 5, 7, 12, and 13), ozonation time (5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 min), the dose of MgO nanoparticles (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g), and initial concentration of ethylbenzene (10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L) on ethyl benzene degradation under catalytic ozonation process. In order to achieve the optimal experimental conditions, response surface methodology (RSM) model was designed and applied. Also, gas chromatography method was used for measuring the residual amounts of ethyl benzene at the end of process. Results: The results of data analysis showed that the pH (P= 0.0063) and catalyst dose (P= 0.0004) had the greatest impact on the response variable (percent removal of ethyl benzene). Also, optimum removal condition based on suitable analysis of variance and model was achieved at 50 min reaction time, pH 12, initial concentration lower than 50 mg/L, and 0.5 g/L catalyst dose. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency of 99.99% was achieved. Conclusion: Catalytic ozonation process in the presence of MgO nanoparticles has a high efficiency in the removal of ethylbenzene from aqueous environments. Keywords: MgO nanoparticles, ethyl benzene, catalytic ozonation, response surface methodology

121

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Comparison of performance of silver nanoparticle fixed onto modified 푭풆ퟑ푶ퟒ using 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (푭풆ퟑ푶ퟒ-Ag) and silver nanoparticle on Alumina in MPN removal from water Roya sharifi 1 , Amir Hessam Hasani2 , Behrooz Habibpoor3

1 Ph.D .of Environmental Engineering , Department of Environmental Engineering , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran ; Email: [email protected] 2 Full Professor , Department of Environmental Engineering , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran ; Email: [email protected] 3 M.Sc of Environmental engineering , Department of Environmental Engineering , Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran ; Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Roya Sharifi Abstract

Deterioration of water quality leading to increase of infectious diseases . To reduce and or control disinfection by products , increase resistants of microorganisms, finding a new , reliability disinfectant is therefore necessary. In this paper a novel magnetically recoverable core –shell nanoparticle was prepared by Free radical polymerization method and were modified in two stages using 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane and grafting of allyl glycidyl ether and N-N-dimethylacrylamide. Then silver nanoparticle as a antibacterial material was coupled onto the surface of modified 퐹푒3푂4 nanoparticle via sulfur groups. The resulting 퐹푒3푂4-Ag nanoparticle were used for water disinfection and parameter such as a amount of adsorbent , pH and contact time were investigated for comparison of performance of silver nanoparticle on Alumina (Al/Ag ) as a the oldest adsorbent and silver nanoparticle on magnetic iron nanoparticle in removal MPN (The most probable number). The successful formation of 퐹푒3푂4 nanoparticle was confirmed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy , X-ray powder diffraction , Transmission electron microscopy and Vibrating sample magnetometer . Results showed Removal efficiency of 퐹푒3푂4-Ag nanoparticle compared to Al/Ag was more and reached to more than 94 and 73 % with contact time 30 and 500 mg of 퐹푒3푂4-Ag while Al/Ag reduce to 86 and 61/83% respectively. Therefore 퐹푒3푂4-Ag displayed excellent performance compared to Al/Ag.

Keywords: Surface modification , Grafting , 퐹푒3푂4-Ag magnetic nanoparticle, Water disinfection

122

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Efficient treatment of high saline petrochemical wastewater using heterogeneous catalytic oxidation over MNPs@C/H2O2 system Babak Kakavandi1,2 , Mohammad Noorisepehr1,2, Donya Khoshkhaze3, * , Donya Mokhtari3

1Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 3Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Email: [email protected]

*Corresponding author: Donya khoshkhaze (Email: [email protected])

Abstract Strong tendency of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to agglomerate limits its application in oxidation process, due to the reduction of surface/volume ratio, dispersion stability and catalytic activity. To solve this problem, we coated successfully MNPs with an average size of 50 nm on the activated carbon surface in order to prepare a magnetic recoverable composite (MNPs@C). It was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Fenton oxidation for petrochemical wastewater (PCW) treatment, due to its high ability in decomposition of H2O2 molecules. XRD, BET, VSM, SEM, TEM and EDX techniques were utilized to determine the catalyst’s characteristics. The activity of the catalyst was assessed for the Fenton reaction using COD removal efficiency. Experiments related to the Fenton oxidation process (FOP) were carried out in order to process optimization and evaluation of the degradation kinetic and mechanism. It was observed that both oxidation Fenton and adsorption processes occurred simultaneously in MNPs@C/H2O2 system. The results clearly showed that the organic compounds in the PCW have been degraded by the hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) released from decomposition of H2O2 in the presence of MNPs@C. Under the optimum operating conditions (pH 3.0, 1 g/L catalyst and 50 mM H2O2), the removal efficiency of COD was found to be 83.5% within 120 min reaction time. More than 65% of COD was experimentally removed after five catalytic cycles, which demonstrates the promising application of the catalyst in the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. In addition, MNPs@C exhibited low iron leaching (<0.3 g/l) and stable catalytic activity upon five recycling. The catalyst could be easily recovered and showed high potential applications in wastewater treatment without secondary pollution.

In conclusion, the MNPs@C/H2O2 system, as a promising technique, can provide proper conditions for the pretreatment of PCW wastewater prior to biological processes or as a tertiary treatment for the reuse of effluents. Keywords: Petrochemical wastewater; Fenton-like; Catalytic oxidation; Heterogeneous catalysts

123

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The evaluation of facultative stabilization pond on coliform bacteria removal Ali Almasi1, Mitra Mohammadi2, Mostafa Shamsi 3*, Khadijeh Shamsi 4* 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails: [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails: [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Education & promotiom, School of Health, Asadabad University of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran. Email: [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mostafa Shamsi Email: [email protected] - Khadijeh Shamsi Email: [email protected] Abstract One of indexes of stabilization pond is coliforms bacteria that have special situation in water and wastewater. The aim of this study is solar light effect on coliforms variations in stabilization pond. In this experimental study, variables of light, pH (<7, 7.1-8, 8.1-9) and temperature (10 and 30°c) on facultative stabilization pond until six months was surveyed. Sampling was accomplished weekly. Coliform colonies 9 tube fermentation numbered. Coliform deterioration constant was calculated by maraise model. Subsequently, data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. The effect of light on coliform deterioration constant was negative and low pH causing of increase of coliform death. Distinguish statistical difference was not seen in 10 °c and 30°c (P<0.05). Low temperature cannot were adherence for facultative stabilization pond. Regarding to positive effect of temperature on coliform death, use of facultative stabilization pond in warm climate is suggested.

Keywords: light, fecal coliform, municipal wastewater, facultative stabilization pond

124

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of sonolysis and photocatalytic process on antibiotic degradation from aqueous solution Ali Almasi1, Mitra Mohammadi2, Mostafa Shamsi 3*, Khadijeh Shamsi 4* 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails: [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails: [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Education & promotiom, School of Health, Asadabad University of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran. Email: [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mostafa Shamsi Email: [email protected] - Khadijeh Shamsi Email: [email protected] Abstract Nowadays extensive occupy of pharmaceutical drug leads to release of antibiotics into the environment which heighten environmental concern in the worldwide. The aim of present study was to investigate the combination of Ultrasound (sonolysis) with UV/ZnO and UV/WO photocatalytic processes for removal of cephalexin in aqueous solution. A pilot scale of Plexiglas reactor with working volume of 1 Lit was applied. Constant Fixed frequency of 40 Hz was used in ultrasound processes. The effect of various experimental parameters such as ZnO dose (200-400 mg/L), WO3 dose (100-200 mg/L), contact time (60-120 min) and cephalexin concentration (50-100 mg/l) on the sono photocatalytic degradation were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design of expert. The optimal result of sonolysis degradation was not effective considerably and the maximum of degradation rate reached to19.3%. The maximum removal on UV/ZnO and UV/WO3 photocatalytic achieved 66.5% and 78.6%, respectively at antibiotic concentration of 50 mg/L, contact time of 120 min, and ZnO dose of 400 mg/L, WO3 dose of 200 mg/l. The result showed the ratio of BOD5/COD reached 0.31% and ranged 0 to 0.24%, respectively by UV/WO3 and UV/ZnO process. Based on obtained result, it was confirmed the successful combination of sonolysis and photocatalytic (sonophotocatalytic) treatment that could achieve high removal of cephalexin in aqueous solution. Keywords: Sonophotocatalytic, Cephalexin, Aqueous Solution, RSM

125

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Β-lactam antibiotic degradation from aqueous solution by UV/ZnO/ultrasonic Ali Almasi1, Mitra Mohammadi2*, Khadijeh Shamsi3*, Reza Soleimani4 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails:[email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails: [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Email: [email protected] 4Department of Environmental Health Education & promotiom, School of Health, Asadabad University of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran. Email: [email protected]

*Corresponding author: Mitra Mohammadi Email: [email protected] Khadijeh Shamsi Email: [email protected] Abstract This study investigated the ultra-photooxidation of cefixime in aqueous solution using a WO3/UV photocatalyst. Effect of contact time (50-100 min), cefixime initial concentration (40-80 mg/L) and WO3 dose (100-200 mg/l) on antibiotic removal was surveyed. A pilot scale of Pyrex reactor with volume of 1 L was applied. Interactive effect of independent variable on cefixime removal was studied by response surface methodology. Based on obtained result, cefixime concentration in ultra - UV/WO3 was the most effective in removal efficiency. In the sonolysis process the maximum and minimum COD removal rate reach to 21.2% and 10.15% respectively. The maximum removal in UV/WO3 process reach to 83.3% by catalyst dose of 200 mg/L, contact time of 100 min and cefixime concentration of 40 mg/L. Photocatalytic process was as applicable technology which can be applied extensively and preferably for cefixime removal.

Keywords: Photocatalistic, Cefixime, Sonication, Response Surface Methodology

126

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Mercury removal from aqueus solutions by the palm leaves adsorbent Ali Almasi1, Mitra Mohammadi2*, Khadijeh Shamsi3*, Reza Soleimani4 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails:[email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails: [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Email: [email protected] 4Department of Environmental Health Education & promotiom, School of Health, Asadabad University of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran. Email: [email protected]

*Corresponding author: Mitra Mohammadi Email: [email protected] - Khadijeh Shamsi Email: [email protected] Abstract Mercury is carcinogenic and teratogen compound that tend to accumulate in the water solution. In this research the mercury removal from aqueous solution have evaluated by using palm leaves. Experiments have been performed to study adsorption efficiency, the effect of adsorbent amount, balance time, the adsorbate concentration, and pH on the mercury removal and the adsorption kinetics. The experimental apparatus was a batch stirred reactor (volume 1m3), under almost isothermal conditions. The tests results showed that the adsorbate optimum concentration was 2 gr/l, the balance time, 3h, the adsorbent optimum concentration, 15 mg/l, and the pH, 6. Maximum efficiency was obtained 99.24%. The mercury removal efficiency has increased by the increase of the adsorbent dose and contact time and it have reduced by the increased of initial mercury concentration. In addition, the Freundlich and Langmuir models fitness on the adsorption data. The Freundlich model was effective in the prediction of the change in the adsorption kinetics with the studied parameters.

Keywords: Heavy metal, Palm, Adsorption, Isotherm

127

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The efficiency of anaerobic stabilization pond and wetland on wastewater treatment plant Ali Almasi1, Khadijeh Shamsi2, Reza Soleimani 3*, Mitra Mohammadi 4* 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails: [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Email: [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Health Education & promotiom, School of Health, Asadabad University of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran. Email: [email protected] 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Emails: [email protected]

*Corresponding author: Reza soleimani Email: [email protected] - Mitra Mohammadi Emails: [email protected] Abstract Constructed wetlands are efficient systems in controlling sewage pollutants. These systems have a low cost of maintenance and operation and their discharges can be further re-used for irrigation and agricultural purposes. The present study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of such a system in removing various types of pollutants, including organic and mineral compounds, nitrogen, and heavy metals. The system investigated in the present study was composed of two stabilization units, each of them contained two anaerobic ponds and twelve beds. The performance of the system was evaluated by taking 24-hour samples from the system discharges. Data were analyzed using SPSS software package version 12. The efficiency of the ponds of the first unit in removing COD and BOD were ±21.8 and 42.63±15 percent, and for the ponds of the second unit were 29.85±18.44 and 66.42±21.81 percent. Moreover, the beds were capable to separate 51.25 percent of all received cadmium. The nitrogen removal efficiency of the system was not acceptable. Although the wetland investigated in the present did not have the desired efficiency, a desirable level of efficiency would be achievable by optimizing the operational and maintenance condition of the system.

Keywords: sewage treatment, constructed wetland, organic compound, heavy metal

128

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

"Investigation of chromium (VI) and Cyanide removal Efficiency using Modified Salvadora Persica stem Sawdust from aqueous solutions." Dr.Alireza Rahmani1, Shiva Ghiasvand2*, Ziba Khodayari3 1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Health. Hamadan University of Medical Science. Hamadan. Iran 2. Msc student of Environmental Health Engineering. School of Health. Hamadan university of Medical Science. Hamadan. Iran. [email protected] 3. Msc of Environmental Health Engineering. School of Health. Hamadan university of Medical Science. Hamadan. Iran. *Corresponding author: 2 Abstract Objective: The chemicals used in electrical plating industry cause the entrance of chromium and cyanide and heavy metals into water sources. Among various chromium and cyanide removal methods, adsorption process was considered by the researchers due to lower cost, ease of process design, greater availability of absorbent materials and high purification ability even at very low concentrations of pollutants. This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of chromium (VI) and Cyanide removal efficiency using Modified Salvadora Persica stem Sawdust from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study at first, prepared adsorbent surface. Determined the efficiency of adsorbent in batch system with changes of parameters such as pH (3 to 11), time (20 to 120 minutes), absorbent dose (0/5 to 2/5 gr/250mL) and Chromium and cyanide concentration (20 to 100 mg /L). Results: The results showed the highest removal of hexavalent chromium by stem Sawdust was 89 % in optimum condition such as pH=3, adsorbent dose 1/5g/250mL, the concentration of chromium 20 mg/L and time 120 minutes. Also the greatest amount of cyanide removal by Modified Salvadora Persica stem Sawdust was 71 % in optimal conditions, including pH=9, adsorbent dose 1/5 g/ 250mL, the concentration of chromium 20 mg/L and time 120 minutes. Conclusion: According to the results, the available absorbent saw dust can be considered as an option. However، in order to optimally use the study of other methods of increasing sludge levels and volume of the process, should be survied. Keywords: chromium, Cyanide, Salvadora Persica, adsorption.

129

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of the groundwater quality of Yazd-Ardakan plain for drinking using GQI Index and GIS Sorur Safa 1, Javad Hosseini 2, Maryam Khodadadi 3, Mojgan Alighardashi 4, Ali Almodaresi5 1Corresponding Author: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran [email protected] 2MS.c Agriculture Engineering-Irrigation and Drainage. University, Birjand, Iran. [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran [email protected] 4Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran [email protected] 5Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering college, GIS&RS Department. Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran. [email protected]

Abstract Background and Objectives: The growing population and limited fresh water resources, makes the evaluation of the quality and quantity of water resources decreased, particularly in arid and semi-arid plains of Yazd-Ardakan. Drinking water by using multiple quality indicators is considerable in terms of physical, chemical and biological. The main objective of this study was assessed the quality of underground sources of drinking water in Yazd- Ardakan plains and maps of quality groundwater of the study area. Methods: Maximum allowable of ions concentration in drinking water has been determined by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, the results of chemical analysis of 76 samples collected from the study area in 2011 was used. In the current study, ground water quality indicator (GQI) for investigating of 6 - 2- 2+ 2+ + chemical parameters such as TDS, CL , SO4 , Mg , Ca and Na that had the greatest impact on water quality was used and analysis had low cost and also preparation of map of quality groundwater of Yazd- Ardakan plains. GQI determination done by normalization and indexing 6 chemical parameters affecting the - 2- 2+ 2+ + quality of drinking water such as TDS, CL , SO4 , Mg , Ca and Na and Compare them to the standard World Health Organization (WHO) in geographic information system (GIS). Results: The results showed that the GQI index value varied between 38.38 to 62.52 in Yazd-Ardakan plains. Conclusions: Groundwater quality maps of the study area showed that, the study area groundwater quality standards for drinking water in class is unfit to moderate. Keywords: Zoning, Yazd-Ardakan plain, groundwater quality, GQI quality index, GIS.

130

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Determination of heavy metals in vegetables irrigated with treated municipal wastewater using new microextraction technique and GFAAS a,*, Fateh Hosainzadeh a b, Nazir Fattahi a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email: [email protected] b Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran E-mail address: [email protected] (N. Fattahi) *Corresponding author :fateh Hosainzadeh Email: [email protected] Corresponding author. Tel.: +98 9187839721 Abstract Nowadays heavy metals are ubiquitous because of their excessive use in industrial applications. Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils can pose long-term environmental problems which, inturn, lead to health hazards. Irrigation by wastewater effluents is the main reason for the accumulation of heavy metals in vegetables. Sincequalityof agricultural products is an important factor that affects human health, it is of great importance to develop sensitive and rapid analytical methods to monitor trace heavy metals in suchproducts. In this research, a new extraction method based on the solidification of deep eutectic solvent has been developed for the determination of heavy metals in vegetables prior to their analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). In this method, a green solvent consisting of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-undecanol was used as an extraction solvent, yielding the advantages of material stability, low density, and a suitable freezing point near room temperature. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors are in the range of 114–172. The calibration graphs are linear in the range of 0.02–200 µg kg−1 and limit of detections (LODs) are in the range of 0.01–0.03 µg kg−1. Repeatability and reproducibility of the method based on seven replicate measurements of 0.80 µg kg−1 of Hg and 0.20 µg kg−1 of Pb and Cd in analysed samples were in the range of 2.3–4.1% and 3.7–6.6%, respectively. A new deep eutectic solvent consists of two parts: [DMIM]Cl and 1-undecanol in the molar ratio of 1 to 2. The accuracy of the proposed procedure was also assessed by determining the concentration of the studied metal ions in a polluted farmland soil standard reference material. Keywords: Solidified deep eutectic solvent, municipal wastewater, Heavy metals, Vegetables

131

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Technical investigation of chemical scrubber in removal of H2S and NH3 from wastewater treatment plant Mohsen Haghighi 1, Ebrahim Alinezhad 2, Farhad Rahmani 3, Fatemeh Kariminejad4* 1 Environmental Health Engineering Department, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, 66177, Iran. [email protected] 4* MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. [email protected]. Abstract The development and infringement of urban residential areas on potential malodor sources specifically wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) has led to an increasing number of public grievances against these malodorous compounds such as odorous compounds. Major sources of these compounds in WWTP are ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Various technologies have been proposed and applied for the treatment of malodorous components from contaminated air. Chemical scrubber (CS) is a well-known, widely established, and reliable technology. Accordingly, in this study a detailed Technical investigation of a CS as the most commonly employed odor control system in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was conducted over a 45-day time period at a municipal WWTP. To this aim, CS odor control system was first designed and constructed and afterward, installed at the Yazd wastewater treatment plant in Iran. The assessment of emissions quantity indicated that odor emissions from the Yazd WWPT mainly consist of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). To technically assess, the effects of various parameters, including contaminated airflow rate and EBRT and also, oxidant nature and scrubbing flow rate for the wet scrubber, on simultaneously H2S and NH3 removal were investigated. The removal efficiencies of NH3 and H2S were found to be affected by their respective loading rate. Additionally, the NaOCl solution was shown to give the best results in terms of removal efficiency and compatibility among the various oxidants examined in the chemical scrubber. The experimental results showed that almost complete removal of NH3 was achieved and the H2S removal efficiency remained above 95% regardless of the operating conditions used. It clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of CS system in treating actual waste gases containing H2S and NH3. Keywords: Ammonia, Hydrogen sulphide, Chemical scrubber, wastewater treatment plants, Odorous.

132

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A survey on microbial quality of water in natural marine beaches in Jask port, Makran coasts Masoomeh Amirmahmoodi1,2, Samira Norouzi3, Mohsen Heidari4* 1 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Bandar Abbas Branch, Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] 2 Health Vice Chancellery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 3 Department of Environmental Health engineering, faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of medical Sciences, bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mohsen Heidari Abstract Background and Aims: Jask is an important port city situated on Makran coasts of Oman Sea. Due to the strategic location of Makran Coasts and its accessibility to international waters, this port has been known as an industrial and trade pole. This situation along with sea attractions made Jask port as a potential tourist region in near future. Therefore, the quality of sea water especially in natural marine beaches in this port needs to be monitored strictly in order to address the potential contamination sources. In this regard, the aim of this study was to survey the microbial quality of natural marine beaches in Jask port. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 6 marine beaches of Jask port during warm months of 2016. From each beach, two samples (from depths of 10 and 150 cm) were collected during 5 months with two weeks intervals. The samples were transferred to laboratory under cold condition. The quality of water samples were evaluated in views of total coliform, fecal coliform and enterococcus according to standard methods. Results: Microbial tests showed that the total and fecal coliform counts in water samples from all the beaches had permissible quality with respect to national standards (460 and 100 MPN/100 ml for Total and Fecal coliforms, respectively). Moreover, no enterococcus was observed in all samples. T-test showed that the water quality in view of Total and Fecal coliforms in samples collected from depth 10 cm was not significantly different from those collected from depth 150 cm (around 10-20 m away from border line). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the natural marine beaches in Jask port have good microbial quality. Moreover, the water in contact to coast soil had also good quality. Therefore, the pristine nature of beaches in Jask port is an indication of good tourism potential of this port in order to future development of this strategic region. Keywords: Jask port, Natural Marine Beaches, Water Quality, Microbial Indices

133

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluating the desorption of hexavalent chromium from activated carbon produced from Date fruit residues using various acidic and basic solutions Samira Norouzi 1, Mehdi Fazlzadeh 2, Mohsen Heidari 3* 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mohsen Heidari Abstract Background and Aims: Heavy metals could be removed effectively from aqueous solutions by highly porous material like activated carbon (AC). However, the disposal of adsorbents loaded with such hazardous contaminants can pose environmental issues because a portion of this hazardous elements may be leached out from the adsorbent. Therefore, stripping these non-biodegradable contaminants from spent adsorbents may mitigate this problem to some extent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the desorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a carcinogen metal, from an AC produced from Date fruit residues after the adsorption process. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, Date fruit residues were initially converted into activated carbon through chemical method under dry conditions. Initially, AC was loaded with Cr(VI) at optimum pH (2). The desorption was then performed through putting 0.025 g AC loaded with Cr(VI) in 25 mL of 0.1 M solutions of H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, NaOH and KOH. Finally, the concentration of desorbed Cr(VI) was measured by a UV-spectrophotometer. Results: The maximum adsorption capacity at optimum pH was 281.9 mg g-1. The desorption rates obtained by acidic solutions were <3%, while around 42% of adsorbed Cr(VI) was desorbed by basic solutions. The desorption process was optimized with increasing the concentration of basic eluents and contact time up to 0.5 M and 120 min, respectively, and reached to 44% and 46% in NaOH and KOH solutions, respectively. By decreasing the volume of the desorbing eluents from 25 ml to 5 ml, the desorption rates by NaOH and KOH just decreased to 39% and 41%, respectively, but the concentration of desorbed Cr(VI) in 5 ml of the 0.5 M KOH and NaOH solutions increased by 4.5 and 4.4-fold, respectively. Conclusion: Cr(VI) was better desorbed from Cr(VI) loaded AC prepared from Date Press residues by basic reagents. The limited desorption of Cr(VI) from the activated carbon was probably due to chemical nature of Cr(VI) adsorption onto the activated carbon. However, through stripping the desorbable fraction of Cr(VI) from AC, its leaching from the disposed AC into environment would be minimized. Keywords: Chromium (VI), Activated carbon, Desorption, Basic solutions

134

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A survey on the stability indices of drinking water produced by reverse osmosis systems in ocean-going ships located in Persian Gulf Saeed Shojae1, Samira Norouzi2, Mohsen Heidari3* 1 Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Bandar Abbas Branch, Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mohsen Heidari Abstract Background and Aims: Water desalination equipment is a crucial system in ocean-going ships, because it supplies drinking water from sea water in a several-months trips. However, the produced water by these systems may be corrosive in view of stability indices. The corrosive water may harm plumbing system and cause health problems. The aim of this study was to survey the stability indices in the water treated by reverse osmosis-based desalination systems in ocean-going ships located in Persian Gulf Methods: In this cross-sectional study, water samples were collected three times from the reverse osmosis systems of 6 ships located in Persian Gulf within Hormozgan province. Sampling was done when the ships were in offshore, because their desalination systems were off in shore. The physicochemical parameters of water samples including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, calcium, alkalinity and temperature were measured according to valid methods. Finally, stability indices of Langelier and Ryznar were calculated. Results: The experiments showed that the mean values of pH, TDS and hardness in the water produced by desalination systems of the studied ships were in the permissible limits of standard No. 1053 of Iranian standard and industrial Organization. However, the values of Langelier and Ryznar indices were <0 and >7.5, respectively, indicating the corrosive nature of the water samples. Conclusion: This study showed that the reverse osmosis systems in the ships located in Persian Gulf produced high quality drinking water, however the produced water had corrosive nature. The water with this nature may cause corrosion in plumbing system and fixtures. Such phenomenon may results in the release of metal from the metal plumbing system. Therefore, it is essential to re-carbonate the water produced by the desalination systems. This work would have great economical and health benefits in long term period.

Keywords: Ship, Persian Gulf, Drinking Water, Reverse Osmosis, Stability Indices

135

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Penicillin G from aqueous environments by Nanoparticles Zero Valent Iron and Ozonation process

Mostafa Sobhanikia1, Edris Bazrafshan2, Hosein Kamani3 1M.Sc of Environmental Health Engineering , Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; [email protected] 2Professor of Environmental Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;[email protected] 3Ph.D of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Promotion Research Center Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.;[email protected] *Corresponding author: Mostafa Sobhanikia Abstract Antibiotics practically are Non-biodegradable and they cannot be removed by convantional wastewater treatment.Nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) has high efficiency for degradation of contaminants such as, heavy metal, nitro aromatic compounds and insecticides. Ozonation is one of the most well-known methods for remove of chemichal-resistant materials like antibiotics of water and wastewater this study is exprimental. nZVI and ozonation were used to remove the penicillin G. For determining removal efficiency of penicillin, COD and TOC, factors:initial pH, dose of nano particle, initial penicillin dose, reaction time with nano particle and ozone were investigated. Removal efficiency of penicillin G, COD, TOC in stage of reaction with nZVI were 96.35, 73.13, 47.45 percent respectivly with reaction time: 60 min ,initial penicillin concentration:100 mg/L, COD:1429 mg/L, TOC:510 mg/L, pH=7, nano particle iron concentration:0.25 g/L. In the stage of reaction with ozone, removal efficiency of penicillin G, COD and TOC were 99.5, 96.35, 92.65 percent respectivly with reaction time: 13 min, pH=9, initial penicillin 20 mg/l, COD: 356 mg/L, TOC: 136 mg/L, volumetric flow rate of ozone: 5 L/min. The best removal efficieny in stage of nano particles reaction was in pH=7 ,initial nZVI concentration equal 0.25 g/L ,initial penicillin concentration equal 100 mg/L and time about 60 min. The best removal efficieny in stage of ozonation was in pH=7 and time about 9 min. Key words:Penicillin G, Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles, Ozonation, aqueous environments

136

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Chromium biosorption from aqueous environments by mucilaginous seeds of Cydonia oblonga

Mostafa Sobhanikia1, Edris Bazrafshan2 1M.Sc of Environmental Health Engineering , Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; [email protected] 2Professor of Environmental Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran;[email protected] *Corresponding author: Mostafa Sobhanikia Abstract Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is one of the most toxic heavy metals in aqueous solutions, hence it is highly imperative to treat the wastewater containing Cr(VI) before its discharge. At present work, the rate of biosorption was studied under a variety of conditions, including initial Cr(VI) concentration (5-50 mg/L), amount of biosorbent (0.5-3 g/100 mL), pH (1-8), temperature (298-318 K) and contact time (30-120 min). Biosorption of Cr(VI) is in all cases pH- dependent showing a maximum at equilibrium pH values between 2 and 3. The biosorption data fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The biosorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was q =33.58 mg Cr(VI)/g of dry seeds (at 303 K). Biosorption kinetics data well fitted using pseudo-second-order. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that biosorption of Cr(VI) ions by mucilaginous seeds of Cydonia oblonga was spontaneous and endothermic nature. Key words: Cydonia oblonga, chromium removal, mucilaginous seeds, biosorption

137

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Wastewater Treatment in the slaughterhouse industry using electrocoagulation process: Investigation of operational parameters and evaluation of electrical energy Maryam Dolatabadi1, Saeid Ahmadzadeh2* 1Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. *Corresponding author: [email protected] (S. Ahmadzadeh) Abstract Wastewater effluents which generated at slaughterhouse usually contain high levels of organic matters. The main contributors of the organic matters load to these effluents are paunch, fecal, fat and lard undigested food, blood, suspended material, urine, loose meat, soluble proteins, excrement, and particles. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of slaughterhouse wastewater is widely studied. However, there are a few studies about the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater by electrocoagulation. Design of the experiments to investigate the effect of different parameters such as pH (4-10), current density (5-30 mA cm-2), inter-electrode distance (1-5 cm) and reaction time (10-60 min) carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). The isotherm models of the treatment process investigated by fitting the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Moreover, the kinetic behavior of the process studied. The maximum removal rate of BOD achieved at the pH 7.5, the current density of 10 mA cm-2, and inter-electrode distance of 4 cm within the reaction time of 35 min. Under the optimal condition of the electrocoagulation process, electrode consumption (ELC) was found to be 0.541 g during a single run. The obtained results revealed reasonable energy consumption of 0.607 kWh m-3 for BOD of slaughterhouse wastewater. The kinetics of the process best fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the data analysis of the isotherm studies indicated the suitability of Langmuir isotherm. Under the optimal operating condition removal efficiency was found to be 92%. Keywords: BOD, Electrocoagulation process; Slaughterhouse wastewater; Response surface methodology, electrical energy.

138

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Mineralization and detoxification of Paraquat from industrial wastewater using electro Fenton process: Removal rate and degradation mechanism issues Maryam Dolatabadi1, Saeid Ahmadzadeh2* 1Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. *Corresponding author: [email protected] (S. Ahmadzadeh) Abstract Paraquat appears to be among the most widely used herbicides in the world. This compound is a non-selective contact herbicide which destroys plants by inhibiting photosynthesis. The paraquat usage has become abusive and has generated a great concern due to its damage for aquatic environment and human health, as a consequence of its large availability, low toxic dose, and relatively low cost. Therefore, it is very important to develop water and wastewater treatment technologies for the removal of toxic and refractory organic compounds from water and wastewater. Response surface methodology (RSM) with the center composite design was used to achieve removal of efficient paraquat using electro Fenton process. Experiments were done under five levels of various operational parameters. The initial concentration of paraquat was varied among 1 -1 -1 and 10 mg L , pH ranging from 3-12; H2O2 ranging from 0.5-2 mL L ; current intensity studied under the range of 3-15 mA cm-2; and reaction time ranged between 5-20 min. The significance of the independent variables and their interactions are tested by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence level. The results showed that electro Fenton process, the treatment destroyed more than 98.4% of paraquat under obtained at the optimum pH of 3, the reaction time of 17 min, the current density of 9.5 mA cm-2, the -1 -1 initial concentration of paraquat 6.7 mg L and H2O2 dosage of 1 mL L . Using ordinary radical scavengers demonstrated that hydroxyl radical (•OH) was the main oxidant species contributed in degradation of paraquat under the electro Fenton process. The oxidation kinetics best fitted to pseudo-first order reaction. The removal of paraquat investigated using electro Fenton process. The experimental design was carried out based on the central composite design with response surface methodology. Under optimal operating condition removal efficiency was found to be more than 97.1%. The obtained results revealed reasonable 0.138 kWh m-3 energy consumption for paraquat removal from wastewater. Keywords: Electro Fenton; Paraquat; Mineralization, Industrial Wastewater, Mechanism.

139

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Application of Electro-Fenton Process(EFP) with Nanografen- Titanium Electrodes in presence of Fe3O4.nMgO Nanocomposite and Moving Bed Bioreactor(MBBR) in Treatment of Textile Wastewater: A Case Study Majid Kermani1, Jamal Mehralipour2, Sonia Chavoshi3*, Naeemeh Amirian4, Mona Rahbar4, Parisa Farmani4 1 Associate Professor of Environmental Health Engineering Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science,Tehran, Iran. Email: [email protected] 2Ph.D Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health Branch, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Email: [email protected] 3Ph.D Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Email: [email protected] 4 BS Environmental Health Engineering, School of Medicine Saveh, Saveh, Markazi, Iran.

*Corresponding author: Sonia Chavoshi Abstract Background and Objective Today, Disposal a textile industry wastewater with a high concentration of dyes has caused irreparable damage to environment. The non-effective of conventional wastewater treatment processes in treating this wastewater has led researchers to use of advanced and integrated process methods of oxidative and biological. The aim of study was used to Electro-Fenton process (EFP) as a modified process of Fenton reaction in presence of iron oxide nanocomposite and moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) process in reduce organic matter in textile industry. Material and Methods:This experimental study was conducted on real wastewater of a textile. In this research, electrochemical reactor with one liter useful volume and equipped with graphene-titanium hybrid electrodes by 10×2 cm dimension with a gap of two cm together and biologic reactor with six liters useful volume, equipped with Candidate type 2 media and intermediate storage tank was used. In EFP parameters such a pH (2-6), reaction time (0-240 min), electrical current (1-3A), H2O2 concentration (0.5-1.5ml/L) and dose of nanocomposite (0.25-1mg/L) and in MMBR process flow rate(1-4l/day), fill percentage of media (75- 25%) was investigated. According to analysis of wastewater, initial COD were determined to be 9810 mg/L. Results: The results of the study showed that the highest efficiency in removal of COD obtain in pH=4, electric current was 3 A, the H2O2 was 1 ml/l, and the nanocomposite dose was 0.75 mg/l in the EFP and flow rate was 1/d and filling percentages of was 50% in the biological process in 220 min reaction time. In these condition, the combined process had the ability to reduce 90 percent of initial COD and reduced COD to below 1,000 mg/L. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was found that the combined process have the ability to supply standard wastewater discharge to the conventional wastewater treatment system. Therefore, this process is suggested to be as a pre-treatment process in the output of the textile industry.

140

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Keywords: Electro-Fenton process, Nanografen- Titanium Fe3O4.nMgO nanocomposite, Moving bed bioreactor, Textile wastewater

141

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Preparation, Characterization of Activated Carbon Biomass and adsorption Potential of Atrazine herbicide from contaminated water ، Mahnaz Toraby Hokmabadi 1 ، Ahmad Allah Abadi 2* ، Gholamreza Moussavi 3 ، Farhad Fardi 4 Hamid Reza Karimi Sani 5 1 Student MSC of Environmental Health Engineering and Member of Student Research Committee of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran ; Email address: rayehe [email protected] 2* Assistant Professor Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 3 Professor Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering , Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences Email address: [email protected] 5 Department of Environmental Health Engineering , Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences Email :[email protected] Abstract Introduction:Herbicides, including Atrazine, are among the most important newly discovered contaminants found in water bodies and are hazardous to human health and the environment. Adsorption is one of the best techniques used to remove these contaminants from contaminated water. Materials and method: In this study, two carbon from waste Pomegranate and calligonum Comosum were used to remove Atrazine herbicide. After chemical activation these carbons with NH4Cl, and then 800 ° C for 2 hours, parametric tests were performed and the effect of pH, adsorbent concentration, atrazine concentration and contact time were investigated; then absorption equilibrium tests; absorption capacity and its isotherms investigated for the removal of atrazine by Two carbons were calculated. Results:The results showed that the carbon produced from the calligonum Comosum wood in optimal conditions at pH =7; carbon concentration 0.2 g/L, and the mixing time of 50 minutes could remove 100% atrazine at 25 mg/L . The carbon produced from pomegranate in optimal conditions pH =6; carbon concentration of 0.2 g/L and mixing time of 50 minutes could remove 91.5% atrazine to 25 mg/ L. Absorption equilibrium tests showed that the absorption capacity of carbon Calligonum Comosum and pomegranate were 672 and 645mg/g respectively. Discussion:The results of this study showed that both carbon have high absorption capacity in the removal of atrazine herbicide and could be an effective and economical absorbent for the removal of this contaminant from natural waters. Keyword: contaminated water; activated carbon; adsorption; atrazine

142

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Fabrication of Cu doped ZnO nanorods and its application for photocatalytic reduction of Hexavalent Chromium from synthetic, real water and electroplating effluent samples under LED light irradiation Mehdi Shirzad-Siboni1,2, Kobra Ayagh3* 1 Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 2 Assistant professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, [email protected] 3 MSc graduated of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran *(Corresponding author: E–mail address: [email protected], Tel: (+98) 9117217955)) Abstract Background and Objective: The presence of heavy metal ions in the aquatic environment is a major environmental challenge due to inclination to accumulate in an organism, toxicity, non-degradability and other harmful effects on receiving water. Thus Hexavalent chromium reduction was investigated from synthetic, real water and electroplating effluent samples by using Cu doped ZnO nanorods under LED light irradiation. Materials and Methods: Cu doped ZnO nanorods were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method. XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, XPS, Raman and VSM analytical methods were used to determine the structural specifications. The effects of some operational parameters such as nanocatalyst dosage, solution pH, initial

Cr(VI) concentration, H2O2 concentration, purging of different gases, type of organic compounds, radical scavengers and ionic strength on the removal efficiency were studied by the LED /Cu doped ZnO process. Results: The XRD and FT-IR techniques indicate that Cu2+ ions have impressively been substituted in ZnO -1 -1 sheets. Under the optimum conditions: pH= 3, nanocatalyst dosage= 0.3 g.L , [Cr(VI)]0= 20 mg.L , in the presence of EDTA, oxalic acid, phenol and folic acid= 20 mg.L-1, Cr(VI) complete removal was achieved in

120 min. The experiments data in this study, was well described with first-order kinetic model. EEO value for the LED/ Cu doped ZnO (32.317 kWh.m-3) process was less than other photocatalytic processes and revealed that this process not only increased the removal efficiency, but also decreased the cost of electrical energy consumed. Almost 56.95% of Cr(VI) was removed from a drinking water sample after 120 min under the optimal conditions. Also, full treatment of plating wastewater can be achieved after 720 min. In addition, the catalyst activity remained unchanged after 6 consecutive cycles. Conclusion: Cu doped ZnO nanorods under LED light irradiation, as an effective and environmentally friendly material, can be used for the reduction of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Keywords: Hexavalent chromium, Photocatalytic reduction, Cu doped ZnO nanorods, Fabrication, Visible light.

143

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Feasibility study of Lead and zinc removal from paint sludge with biological sludge, using vermicompost by E.Feotida (case study: Saipa automotive industry) Rahman Ghomi Avili1, Afshin Takdastan*2, Ghassem Ali Omrani3 ,Farideh Atabi4 1 - Ph.D. student in Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2- Associate Professor of Environmental Technologies Research Center ,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences ,Ahvaz Iran. Corresponding author::[email protected] 3 - Professor of Environmental Engineering Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4- Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] Abstract During the paint spraying process in the automotive industry, a variety of wastes, including a large amount of paint sludge is produced, which contains a variety of hazardous substances, such as heavy metals. The aim of the present study was vermicomposting of paint sludge with sewage sludge and Eisenia fetida as earthworm spices for reduction of Lead and Zinc. For the first step, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Saipa automotive group paint sludge were analyzed for lead and zinc concentration , volatile and fixed solids, total solids, moisture percentage, Nitrogen, Carbon and C/N ratio. Then paint sludge and biological sludge was mixed in different ratios (6kg/6kg, 6kg/3kg, 6kg/(1/5)kg, 6kg/1kg, 6kg/750gr, 6kg/600gr, 6kg/375gr ). For more accuracy, sampling and experiments were repeated 3 times for each ratio. The mixture with mentioned ratio was put in netting boxes which were about 20 kg and in nine series. 500 Eisenia Feotida was added to each box In order to analyse various parameters, including lead and zinc, sampling from each pilot was performed on 1, 15, 30, 50, 70 and 90 days. The Pb and Zn measurements were performed using the AASM method.The results showed that the best removal of lead and zinc metals in 6 kg biological sludge with 600 gr paint sludge (10/1 ratio) and in 60 days were achieved. With this mixing ratio, leads concentration in 60 days, reduced from 6 mg to 0.2 mg and zincs amount concentration in 75 days reduced from 7 mg to 0.5 mg. Finally, the results showed that, Eisenia Foetida could eliminate lead and zinc metals in low levels. Fate of heavy metals during vermicomposting of biological sludge with paint sludge is as follows :Earthworms of different ecological classification are capable of accumulating metals from environmental medium ranging from less contaminated soils to heavily metal contaminated wastes . During digestion of organic wastes, the mobile fractions of metals are either accumulated in cutaneous tissues or are bound to low-molecular weight, cysteine-rich metal binding proteins such as metallothioneins (MTs) possessing high affinity for metals like Zn and Pb. E. fetida can accumulate Some heavy metals such as Zn and Pb. The adult earthworm was speculated to have such an ability to store high concentrations of heavy metals in the non-toxic forms. The heavy metals accumulated in earthworms tissues are analysed in terms of concentration factors, such as the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) with the assumption that the organisms have achieve chemical equilibrium with respect to a particular media or route of exposure. Keywords: Saipa automotive industry,Vermicompost ,lead and zinc metals, Biological sludge, paint sludge.

144

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effective Parameters, Equilibrium and Kinetics of Fluoride Adsorption on Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini leaves Mozhgan Keshtkar 1, Sina Dobaradaran 1,2,3*, Bahman Ramavandi 1, Hossein Arfaeinia 1 a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran (Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) b The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, (Email: [email protected]) c Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran * Corresponding author: S. Dobaradaran. Tel.: +98 7514763448, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract This study was designed to present a facile and effective biosorbent from Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini leave (PCL and SCL) for fluoride removal. The test was conducted in batch mode and the effect of contact time (5, 25, 60, 90, and 120 min), initial fluoride concentration level (3, 5, 8, and 12 mg/l), and biosorbent dose (1, 3, 5, 10, and 25 g/l) on the biosorption process were examined. The optimum conditions for the maximum fluoride removal were occurred at 1 g/l biosorbent dose and contact time of 120 (for PCL) and 90 min (for SCL). The results suggested that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models well fitted the experimental data. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride for PCL and SCL was attained 11.52 and 7.4 mg/g, respectively. The study revealed that the potential use of PCL and SCL as two new effective biosorbents for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. Keywords: Biosorption; Equilibrium isotherms; Fluoride; Prosopis cineraria; Syzygium cumini

145

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Fabrication of Cu doped ZnO nanorods and its application for photocatalytic reduction of Hexavalent Chromium from synthetic, real water and electroplating effluent samples under LED light irradiation Mehdi Shirzad-Siboni1,2, Kobra Ayagh3* 1 Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 2 Assistant professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, [email protected] 3 MSc graduated of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran *(Corresponding author: E–mail address: [email protected], Tel: (+98) 9117217955)) Abstract Background and Objective: The presence of heavy metal ions in the aquatic environment is a major environmental challenge due to inclination to accumulate in an organism, toxicity, non-degradability and other harmful effects on receiving water. Thus Hexavalent chromium reduction was investigated from synthetic, real water and electroplating effluent samples by using Cu doped ZnO nanorods under LED light irradiation. Materials and Methods: Cu doped ZnO nanorods were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method. XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, XPS, Raman and VSM analytical methods were used to determine the structural specifications. The effects of some operational parameters such as nanocatalyst dosage, solution pH, initial

Cr(VI) concentration, H2O2 concentration, purging of different gases, type of organic compounds, radical scavengers and ionic strength on the removal efficiency were studied by the LED /Cu doped ZnO process. Results: The XRD and FT-IR techniques indicate that Cu2+ ions have impressively been substituted in ZnO -1 -1 sheets. Under the optimum conditions: pH= 3, nanocatalyst dosage= 0.3 g.L , [Cr(VI)]0= 20 mg.L , in the presence of EDTA, oxalic acid, phenol and folic acid= 20 mg.L-1, Cr(VI) complete removal was achieved in

120 min. The experiments data in this study, was well described with first-order kinetic model. EEO value for the LED/ Cu doped ZnO (32.317 kWh.m-3) process was less than other photocatalytic processes and revealed that this process not only increased the removal efficiency, but also decreased the cost of electrical energy consumed. Almost 56.95% of Cr(VI) was removed from a drinking water sample after 120 min under the optimal conditions. Also, full treatment of plating wastewater can be achieved after 720 min. In addition, the catalyst activity remained unchanged after 6 consecutive cycles. Conclusion: Cu doped ZnO nanorods under LED light irradiation, as an effective and environmentally friendly material, can be used for the reduction of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Keywords: Hexavalent chromium, Photocatalytic reduction, Cu doped ZnO nanorods, Fabrication, Visible light.

146

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Feasibility study of Lead and zinc removal from paint sludge with biological sludge, using vermicompost by E.Feotida (case study: Saipa automotive industry) Rahman Ghomi Avili1, Afshin Takdastan*2, Ghassem Ali Omrani3 ,Farideh Atabi4 1 -, Ph.D. student in Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2- Associate Professor of Environmental Technologies Research Center ,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences ,Ahvaz Iran. Corresponding author::[email protected] 3 - Professor of Environmental Engineering Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4- Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] Abstrac During the paint spraying process in the automotive industry, a variety of wastes, including a large amount of paint sludge is produced, which contains a variety of hazardous substances, such as heavy metals. The aim of the present study was vermicomposting of paint sludge with sewage sludge and Eisenia fetida as earthworm spices for reduction of Lead and Zinc. For the first step, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Saipa automotive group paint sludge were analyzed for lead and zinc concentration , volatile and fixed solids, total solids, moisture percentage, Nitrogen, Carbon and C/N ratio. Then paint sludge and biological sludge was mixed in different ratios (6kg/6kg, 6kg/3kg, 6kg/(1/5)kg, 6kg/1kg, 6kg/750gr, 6kg/600gr, 6kg/375gr ). For more accuracy, sampling and experiments were repeated 3 times for each ratio. The mixture with mentioned ratio was put in netting boxes which were about 20 kg and in nine series. 500 Eisenia Feotida was added to each box In order to analyse various parameters, including lead and zinc, sampling from each pilot was performed on 1, 15, 30, 50, 70 and 90 days. The Pb and Zn measurements were performed using the AASM method.The results showed that the best removal of lead and zinc metals in 6 kg biological sludge with 600 gr paint sludge (10/1 ratio) and in 60 days were achieved. With this mixing ratio, leads concentration in 60 days, reduced from 6 mg to 0.2 mg and zincs amount concentration in 75 days reduced from 7 mg to 0.5 mg. Finally, the results showed that, Eisenia Foetida could eliminate lead and zinc metals in low levels. Fate of heavy metals during vermicomposting of biological sludge with paint sludge is as follows :Earthworms of different ecological classification are capable of accumulating metals from environmental medium ranging from less contaminated soils to heavily metal contaminated wastes . During digestion of organic wastes, the mobile fractions of metals are either accumulated in cutaneous tissues or are bound to low-molecular weight, cysteine-rich metal binding proteins such as metallothioneins (MTs) possessing high affinity for metals like Zn and Pb. E. fetida can accumulate Some heavy metals such as Zn and Pb. The adult earthworm was speculated to have such an ability to store high concentrations of heavy metals in the non-toxic forms. The heavy metals accumulated in earthworms tissues are analysed in terms of concentration factors, such as the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) with the assumption that the organisms have achieve chemical equilibrium with respect to a particular media or route of exposure. Keywords: Saipa automotive industry,Vermicompost ,lead and zinc metals, Biological sludge, paint sludge.

147

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effective Parameters, Equilibrium and Kinetics of Fluoride Adsorption on Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini leaves Mozhgan Keshtkar 1, Sina Dobaradaran 1,2,3*, Bahman Ramavandi 1, Hossein Arfaeinia 1 a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran (Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) b The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, (Email: [email protected]) c Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

* Corresponding author: S. Dobaradaran. Tel.: +98 7514763448, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract This study was designed to present a facile and effective biosorbent from Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini leave (PCL and SCL) for fluoride removal. The test was conducted in batch mode and the effect of contact time (5, 25, 60, 90, and 120 min), initial fluoride concentration level (3, 5, 8, and 12 mg/l), and biosorbent dose (1, 3, 5, 10, and 25 g/l) on the biosorption process were examined. The optimum conditions for the maximum fluoride removal were occurred at 1 g/l biosorbent dose and contact time of 120 (for PCL) and 90 min (for SCL). The results suggested that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models well fitted the experimental data. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride for PCL and SCL was attained 11.52 and 7.4 mg/g, respectively. The study revealed that the potential use of PCL and SCL as two new effective biosorbents for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. Keywords: Biosorption; Equilibrium isotherms; Fluoride; Prosopis cineraria; Syzygium cumini

148

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Electrofenton Process in removal of penicillin G from aqueous solutions Salehe Salehnia 1, Behnam Barikbin 2, Hamid Reza Zakeri 1* , habibe momeni 1 1 MSc, Social Determinates of health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 2 Associate Professor, Social Determinates of health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand, Iran *Corresponding author: Hamid Reza Zakeri, [email protected] Abstract Introduction :In recent years, concerns have been raised about the presence of a wide range of drug substances and antibiotics in aquatic environments. Usually these materials are due to the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment technologies, From various routes such as agricultural runoff, direct discharge from urban wastewater treatment plants, human waste products, direct disposal of medical waste, industry, etc. could enter into aquatic environments. The present study aimed at the removal of penicillin G through electrofenton process from aqueous solution. Methods : The present study was conducted on laboratory scale in tanks made of glass using iron electrodes with useful volume 400 cc. The device is equipped with a flow rate regulator and voltage regulator to control these variables. Urban alternating current flows through the input of the device. The tank was filled with synthetic penicillin G with a concentration of 50-200 mg/L. The removal of penicillin G was carried out at potential 26V, the intensity of the 0.05-0.6A, Time 0-120 min, pH: 3-12 and the distance between the electrodes was measured in the range of 1-4cm. Results: The aim of present study was to the potential of the processes of electrofenton removal of penicillin G in aquatic environments. The results showed that the optimum conditions were pH 3, the electric current density 0.6A, reaction time 20min, the concentration of antibiotic 50mg/l, and the distance between electrodes 1cm with concentration of H2O2 25mmol . In these circumstances, the results showed that electrocoagulation process has the ability to remove 100 percent of the pollutants. Conclusion: The results of this study illustrated that electrofenton process with iron electrodes is cost-effective methode in order to remove the organic compounds. Keywords: electrofenton, penicillin G, iron electrode

149

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The Impact of Microbiological Quality Control Accreditation Process on Identification and Risk Assessment of Critical Points in Water Safety Plan in Qom Province Y. Ghafuri,*1, M.H.Babakhani2 , M. Karami 2, R. Aali 3 1Environmental Research Center, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran, E-mail:[email protected] 2 Environmental Research Center, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom 3 School of Health, Health Technology Incubator Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, [email protected] *Corresponding author: Tel: +982536700404 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The new approach of the World Health Organization (WHO) to ensure the quality and safety of drinking water is the water safety plan. Thus the purpose of this study is Microbiological Quality Control Accreditation Process on Identification and Risk Assessment of Critical Points in Water Safety Plan in Qom Province. In this study, the criteria for monitoring the control parameters in two sections of management and validation in the distribution network were considered. Monitoring microbial indicators for microbial validation included : Fecal Streptococcus (F.S), bacterial population count (HPC), Escherichia coli (E.C), F.S/ F.C ratio along with other qualitative and chemical parameters of water in the distribution network include pH, residual chlorine, temperature and turbidity were investigated. DotMapper software tool was used for identification and presenting of critical control poin.In this study, 160 points of urban water distribution network and 120 points of fresh water distribution station that treated by RO system was carried. At 30 points of the urban water distribution network and 10 points of the network of fresh water distribution stations, critical critical points were determined based on each of the fecal contamination indicators and presented by DotMapper software tool. Based on the regression model, the determination of the correlation between HPC parameter and turbidity factors was observed only with low inverse correlation coefficient (in the above cases, we often had low HPC). Based on the risk assessment model and semi-quantitative method, urban water distribution network was ranked at high risk. Keywords: Qom, Water, Risk, Assessment, Safety, Accrediting

150

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Performance Evaluation of Tannic Acid Removal by Nano polyamidoamine Dendrimer from Aqueous Solution Mitra Gholami 1, Susan Bagheri* 2, Shahram Nazari 3

1 Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 2 Student research committee, Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 3 Student research committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Susan Bagheri Abstract Tannic Acid (TA) is a polyphenolic compound which is categorized in dissolved organic matter (DOM) classification. This matter has toxicity for aquatic organism, such as fish, phytoplankton, algae and invertebrates. This compound contributes to the production of disinfection by products (DBPs) during chlorination process in water treatment. Thus, it is necessary to remove tannic acid from environment in terms of human health and environment. In this study, the performance of nano polyamidoamine-G7 (PAMAM-G7) dendrimer in removal of tannic acid from aqueous solution was investigated. Polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) were successfully synthesized and studied for adsorption of tannic acid (TA) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different adsorbent doses, initial TA concentration, pH, temperature and contact time were investigated. The results showed that in optimized conditions (pH=7, TA concentration= 5 mg/l, shaking= 200 rpm, adsorbent dose= 0.005 g/l, temperature=25 Ċ) maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of TA were 38.02 mg/g and 98.83%, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of TA onto PAMAM-G7 followed a pseudo-second-order model (controlled by chemical process) and it is well described by Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorption of TA capacity for PAMAM-G7 increased with increasing TA concentration and electrostatic force and hydrogen bonding helps to adsorb TA molecules on the adsorbent. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that TA adsorption onto PAMAM-G7 was exothermic and spontaneous. Thus, PAMAM-G7 can be an appropriate adsorbent for removal of tannic acid from Aqueous Solution. Keywords: Tannic Acid; poly (amidoamine) Dendrimer; Aqueous Solution; adsorption

151

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Fabrication of Cu doped ZnO nanorods and its application for photocatalytic reduction of Hexavalent Chromium from synthetic, real water and electroplating effluent samples under LED light irradiation Mehdi Shirzad-Siboni1,2, Kobra Ayagh3* 1 Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 2 Assistant professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, [email protected] 3 MSc graduated of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran *(Corresponding author: E–mail address: [email protected], Tel: (+98) 9117217955)) Abstract Background and Objective: The presence of heavy metal ions in the aquatic environment is a major environmental challenge due to inclination to accumulate in an organism, toxicity, non-degradability and other harmful effects on receiving water. Thus Hexavalent chromium reduction was investigated from synthetic, real water and electroplating effluent samples by using Cu doped ZnO nanorods under LED light irradiation. Materials and Methods: Cu doped ZnO nanorods were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method. XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, XPS, Raman and VSM analytical methods were used to determine the structural specifications. The effects of some operational parameters such as nanocatalyst dosage, solution pH, initial

Cr(VI) concentration, H2O2 concentration, purging of different gases, type of organic compounds, radical scavengers and ionic strength on the removal efficiency were studied by the LED /Cu doped ZnO process. Results: The XRD and FT-IR techniques indicate that Cu2+ ions have impressively been substituted in ZnO -1 -1 sheets. Under the optimum conditions: pH= 3, nanocatalyst dosage= 0.3 g.L , [Cr(VI)]0= 20 mg.L , in the presence of EDTA, oxalic acid, phenol and folic acid= 20 mg.L-1, Cr(VI) complete removal was achieved in

120 min. The experiments data in this study, was well described with first-order kinetic model. EEO value for the LED/ Cu doped ZnO (32.317 kWh.m-3) process was less than other photocatalytic processes and revealed that this process not only increased the removal efficiency, but also decreased the cost of electrical energy consumed. Almost 56.95% of Cr(VI) was removed from a drinking water sample after 120 min under the optimal conditions. Also, full treatment of plating wastewater can be achieved after 720 min. In addition, the catalyst activity remained unchanged after 6 consecutive cycles. Conclusion: Cu doped ZnO nanorods under LED light irradiation, as an effective and environmentally friendly material, can be used for the reduction of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Keywords: Hexavalent chromium, Photocatalytic reduction, Cu doped ZnO nanorods, Fabrication, Visible light.

152

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effective Parameters, Equilibrium and Kinetics of Fluoride Adsorption on Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini leaves Mozhgan Keshtkar 1, Sina Dobaradaran 1,2,3*, Bahman Ramavandi 1, Hossein Arfaeinia 1 a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran (Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) b The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, (Email: [email protected]) c Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran * Corresponding author: S. Dobaradaran. Tel.: +98 7514763448, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract This study was designed to present a facile and effective biosorbent from Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini leave (PCL and SCL) for fluoride removal. The test was conducted in batch mode and the effect of contact time (5, 25, 60, 90, and 120 min), initial fluoride concentration level (3, 5, 8, and 12 mg/l), and biosorbent dose (1, 3, 5, 10, and 25 g/l) on the biosorption process were examined. The optimum conditions for the maximum fluoride removal were occurred at 1 g/l biosorbent dose and contact time of 120 (for PCL) and 90 min (for SCL). The results suggested that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models well fitted the experimental data. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride for PCL and SCL was attained 11.52 and 7.4 mg/g, respectively. The study revealed that the potential use of PCL and SCL as two new effective biosorbents for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. Keywords: Biosorption; Equilibrium isotherms; Fluoride; Prosopis cineraria; Syzygium cumini

153

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Electrofenton Process in removal of penicillin G from aqueous solutions Salehe Salehnia 1, Behnam Barikbin 2, Hamid Reza Zakeri 1* , habibe momeni 1 1 MSc, Social Determinates of health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 2 Associate Professor, Social Determinates of health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand, Iran *Corresponding author: Hamid Reza Zakeri, [email protected] Abstract Introduction :In recent years, concerns have been raised about the presence of a wide range of drug substances and antibiotics in aquatic environments. Usually these materials are due to the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment technologies, From various routes such as agricultural runoff, direct discharge from urban wastewater treatment plants, human waste products, direct disposal of medical waste, industry, etc. could enter into aquatic environments. The present study aimed at the removal of penicillin G through electrofenton process from aqueous solution. Methods : The present study was conducted on laboratory scale in tanks made of glass using iron electrodes with useful volume 400 cc. The device is equipped with a flow rate regulator and voltage regulator to control these variables. Urban alternating current flows through the input of the device. The tank was filled with synthetic penicillin G with a concentration of 50-200 mg/L. The removal of penicillin G was carried out at potential 26V, the intensity of the 0.05-0.6A, Time 0-120 min, pH: 3-12 and the distance between the electrodes was measured in the range of 1-4cm. Results: The aim of present study was to the potential of the processes of electrofenton removal of penicillin G in aquatic environments. The results showed that the optimum conditions were pH 3, the electric current density 0.6A, reaction time 20min, the concentration of antibiotic 50mg/l, and the distance between electrodes 1cm with concentration of H2O2 25mmol . In these circumstances, the results showed that electrocoagulation process has the ability to remove 100 percent of the pollutants. Conclusion: The results of this study illustrated that electrofenton process with iron electrodes is cost-effective methode in order to remove the organic compounds. Keywords: electrofenton, penicillin G, iron electrode

154

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A Survey on the relationship between drinking water fluoride concentration with DMFT index in 7-12 years old students in Sarayan county Salehe Salehnia, Hamid Reza Zakeri 1, Raziye Pakizekhoo 3 , Habibe Momeni 1, Moslem Azqandi* 2, , Sharafi Maryam 4, Atefe Yaseri 5 1MSc Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 2Master of Environmental Health Engineering 3Student of Environmental Health engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 4Head of health network of sarayan, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 5Associate of Oral Health, Health Department, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran * Corresponding author: Moslem Azqandi Email: moslem.azq4@gmail .com Tel: 09159625036 Abstract Background: One of the health problems associated with drinking water that people encounter during their lives is tooth decay. Considering the effect of drinking fluoride concentration on human health especially teeth is an important issues.The purpose of this study was to Investigate the relationship between drinking water fluoride in Sarayan (cities of Sarayan, Aysak and Seqale) with DMFT index in students (8-12 years old) in 1397 and comparing with existing standards and providing appropriate solutions and suggestions. Methods: Investigating the relationship between drinking water fluoride in Sarayan (cities of Sarayan, Aysak and Seqale) with DMFT index in students (8-12 years old) in 1397 and comparing with existing standards and providing appropriate solutions and suggestions. The concentration of Fluoride present in the water was determined by SPADNS method using DR-5000 spectrophotometer. Findings: The results of these studies showed that the average DMFT of male and female students in Sarayan city was 1.28 and 1.23, respectively, and the average fluoride concentration in the water of city was 0.3475 mg / L. No dental fluorosis was detected at any level in any of the examined students. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant reverse relationship between the concentration of fluoride in drinking water and DMFT index (P-Value=0/02). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is a significant and inverse correlation between fluoride concentration and DMFT index. Also, the calculation of DMFT index in the city of Sarayan showed that the prevalence of dental decays among 7-12 year old students in this city was slightly higher than global health standards, which shows that health planning and dental care are essential as well as, more attention is required to the regulation of fluoride in water drinking. Keywords: Fluoride concentration, DMFT, drinking water

155

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Sono-photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A using ferroferric oxide supported on porous carbon coupled with peroxy monosulfate Babak Kakavandi1, 2, Narges Salehi Taleghani3, Fatemeh Alibeygi3 , * 1Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Email:[email protected] 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 3Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Email: [email protected] ,[email protected] *Corresponding author:Fatemeh Alibeygi Abstract In the present research, a new method of sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process was developed for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). In this regard, magnetite nanoparticles supported on carbon (MNPs@C), as a heterostructure catalyst was combined with UV light and ultrasound (US) irradiation to efficiently activate peroxymonosulfate (MNPs@C/UV/US/PMS). Several parameters affecting the degradation efficiency including pH, reaction time, different concentrations of catalyst, BPA and PMS, US power and water matrix components were studied. BPA degradation rate was considerably enhanced when US and UV irradiations were applied simultaneously with MNPs@C for activate PMS. A possible oxidation mechanism and reaction pathway for BPA degradation was proposed. Under optimized conditions, complete removal of BPA was obtained while the mineralization degree was only 56.4%. Toxicity tests with activated sludge demonstrated that MNPs@C/UV/US/PMS system could improve the biodegradability of the solution. ● ●- The quenching experiments proved that both OH and SO4 radicals functioned significantly during the degradation of BPA and sulfate radicals were dominant species. The MNPs@C also showed a high synergistic effect (42.6%) on the BPA degradation in the presence of the other agents over the implementation of

MNPs@C/UV/US/PMS system. IOUR decreased substantially after 60 min treatment, confirming the toxicity of intermediates eliminated by the process. The catalytic performance in degrade BPA decreased at the - - - 2- - presence of anions following the order of HCO3 > H2PO4 > NO3 > SO4 > Cl . Cycling tests indicated that the MNPs@C was reusable to activate PMS for degrade BPA for six consecutive cycles and the removal efficiency still remains at 95.2%. Overall, these results revealed that the activation of PMS by MNPs@C/UV/US system is an efficient and promising advanced oxidation technology for the treatment of BPA-contaminated waters and wastewater. Keywords: Peroxymonosulfate, Catalytic oxidative, Sonocatalysis, Bisphenol A. Sulfate radicals.

156

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Remazol Black B from aqueous solution using chitin and chitosan: Equilibrium, kinetics and regeneration studies Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh1*, Hamid Reza Pourzamani2, Mohammad Reza Zare1. Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian1, Ali Parvizi1, Mohammad Kamranifar2, Abuzar Rezaei2 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Evaz School of Health, Larestan university of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

*Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]; Phone: +989113803605 Abstract Chitin and chitosan prepared from shrimp shells were used as adsorbents for the suitable removal of remazol black B (RBB) dye from aqueous solutions. The results showed that the chitosan was a better adsorbent than chitin and shrimp shells. Both chitin and chitosan gave the best adsorption results at pH 4 and contact time of 60 min. The different adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium, and it was reported that experimental data fitted very well to all isotherm models, except the Dubinin-Radushkevich. The Langmuir separation factor (RL) and Freundlich constant (b) indicates favourable adsorption processes of the RBB dye on the adsorbents. Studies of desorption were conducted and the results showed that RBB loaded adsorbents could be regenerated (70- 80%) using a 0.05 M NaOH. Keywords: Adsorption; Chitin; Chitosan; Desorption; Remazol Black B

157

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of nitrate from aqueous solution using nanocrystalline cellulose Modified by Cationic Surfactant Parisa Azadbakht1, Bijan Bina2, Hamidreza Pourzamani3, Seyed Rahman Jafari Petroudy4 1 M.Sc of Environmental Health engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; emails ([email protected]) 2 Professor of Environmental Health engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Emails ([email protected]) 3 Associated professor of Environmental Health engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Emails ( [email protected]) 4 Assistant professor, Dept. of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Faculty of Energy and New Technologies Enginnering, Zirab Scientific and Research Campus, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran; emails ( [email protected]) Corresponding author: Parisa Azadbakht [email protected] Abstract Aims: In this study, nitrate removal using Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) modified with cationic surfactant was evaluated. Methods and Material: First, the Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was extracted from sugarcane bagasse by acid hydrolysis method. Then, the nanocrystalline cellulose was modified with cationic surfactant HDTMA- Br. The properties of nanocrystalline cellulose were extracted and the modified nanocrystalline cellulose was examined by atomic force microscopy(AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). Finally, the effect of different parameters including contact time, pH, nitrate initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage on nitrate removal efficiency was investigated by raw and modified nanocrystals. Results: In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose was obtained with a diameter of less than 14.7 nm. The results showed that the optimum conditions for removal of nitrate in the initial concentration of nitrate, adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time were obtained for raw adsorbent 100 mg/l, 3 g/l, 6 and 100 minutes, and obtained for modified adsorbent 80 mg/l, 2.5 g/l, 6, and 100 minutes, respectively. Maximum nitrate absorption by raw and modified adsorbents was 25 and 81.23%, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that nanocrystalline cellulose modified with cationic surfactant has high efficiency in nitrate removal. Keywords: nitrate, cellulose nanocrystal, cationic surfactant, , NCC

158

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Performance evaluation of tertiary treatment via ultrafiltration: Case study in Isfahan –Industrial wastewater treatment plant Abbas Khodabakhshi1, Mahnaz Hidari2 ,Mohammad Mehdi Amin3 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Email: [email protected] 2Director of Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Morcheh Khour Industrial Area [email protected](*Corresponding author) 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering,environmental research centerIsfahan , Isahan University of Medical Sciences.. [email protected]

Abstract Many industrial processes depend on access to reliable water resources. Usually, compared to seasonal fluctuations associated with using water for agriculture and irrigation, relatively large amounts of water are used throughout the year.This paper presents a case study on potential of industrial wastewater reuse. The aim of this study was the performance evaluation of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process as an advanced treatment to secondary effluent quality improvement in Isfahan- Morchekhort Industrial wastewater treatment Plant. Methods: Membrane system used in this study included a Flat sheet UF module of polysulfone (PSF) with 0.1 µm pore size. Pretreatment of secondary effluent before entry to membrane system was done with a coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation (Cog, Floc, Sed), rapid sand filtration (SF), and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration. Results: The membrane system could decrease turbidity, COD, TSS, total hardness, total nitrogen (TN),total coliform (TC),and fecal coliform 94,84,88.86,22.61,47.77,99.9,99.73 % respectively. Conclusion: UF is able to remove chemical parameter from secondary effluent and meet national environmental standards. However, achievement to optimum operation of this system requires adequate pretreatment of effluent prior to membrane such as injection aid filter, sand filtration, and GAC. Key words: Industrial Wastewater, Ultrafiltration, granular Activated Carbon, Sand Filtration, Coagulation and flocculation.

159

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Characterization, Modeling, and Optimization: Acid Blue 92 Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Neodymium oxide Nanocomposite Somayeh Rahdar, Ramin Dehghani, Shahin Ahmadi* Department of Environmental Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran email:[email protected] (Rahdar).email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The purpose of this study was to optimize the adsorptive removal of Acid Blue 92 (AB92) dye from aqueous solutions using Neodymium oxide nanostructures (Nd2O3). Central Composite Design (CCD) based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of the adsorption process. The effects of pH (3-9), dosage (0.1-1 g/L), initial concentration of AB92 (100– 300 mg/L), and contact time (10-100 min) were investigated on the adsorption process. The CCD was applied to determine the interactive effects of the process parameters and their optimum conditions. The equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the adsorption process were also considered. The adsorption process was found to fit best into the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo- second-order kinetic models. Also, the adsorption process was found to be spontaneous and favorable. Based on the design, optimum conditions of pH 3.15, AB92 concentration of 138.5 mg/L, Nd2O3 dosage of 0.83 g/L, and contact time of 49.55 min were obtained, which resulted in 90.70% AB92 removal. High values of coefficient of determination, R2 (0.9596) and adjusted R2 (0.92195) showed that the removal of AB92 dye using Nd2O3 can be described by the RSM. From the study, it could be concluded that the prepared Nd2O3 nanoparticles can be utilized successfully for the adsorptive removal of AB92 which can also be optimized and controlled to maximize AB92 dye removal from aqueous solutions. Keywords: Acid Blue 92. Response surface methodology. Adsorption. Neodymium oxide. Central composite design

160

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Remazol Black B from solution aqueous using P/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: Synthesis, physical characterization, Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies Somayeh Rahdar, , Shahin Ahmadi* Department of Environmental Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran email:[email protected](S.Rhdar).email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract Dyes are one of the most important hazardous species found in industrial effluents which need to be treated.

The main purpose of the current study was to investigate P/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles efficiency on the removal Remazol Black B (RBB) from its aqueous solution.

Methods: The influence of various process parameters such as pH (3-12), dosage of P/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (0.1-5 g/L), contact time (10-150 min), and initial concentration (100-600 mg/L) of RBB was studied using the batch adsorption technique. The kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated.

The adsorption of RBB was improved by decreasing the pH of the solution, P/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles dosage, the initial concentration of RBB and solution temperature. The process of RBB adsorption on P/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was found to depend on the pseudo-second-order kinetic model which indicated a chemisorption process. The removal of RBB on P/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was best described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity, 푞푚 of 192.3 mg/g. The RBB adsorption was found to be non-spontaneous and endothermic in nature, and the efficiency was decreased with increasing temperature.

Obtained results showed that the P/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles could effectively remove RBB from aqueous solutions. Keywords Adsorption . Remazol Black B. Aqueous Solution. Isotherm .Thermodynamic

161

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigating the status of water resources management in Doroodzan dam of Fars province Abolfazl azhdarpoor*1, Asghar allahyari2, Nasim salehi2 1Associated prof. of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2M.Sc. of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The total renewable water in Iran is about 105 million cubic meters, which accounts for about 0.3 percent of the world's fresh water; while population and land cover in Iran is about 1.1 percent of the world. Construction and development of dams, if properly studied, could help to solve the problems of water crisis. Considering the importance of managing and providing safe water in the field of environmental health, the aim of this study was to investigate the water drain of Doroodzan dam in a period of 30 years. The results of the study showed that the annual evaporation rate in this region is about 2100 milliliters and the annual precipitation is about 443 mm in the long term. The amount of water entering the dam is 30 million cubic meters per second, which is very low compared with the amount of water harvesting, which is about 112 million cubic meters per year, and showed the negative mass balance of water. Implement a plan for a 5 year period, encouraging farmers to grow low-water crops, or changing traditional ways to reclamation the water resources of this region suggested. Keywords: Doroodzan Dam, Water Resources Management, Evaporation, Precipitation.

162

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of advanced wastewater treatment by ultrafiltration: Case study in Isfahan –Industrial wastewater treatment plant Mahnaz Heidari1*, Abbas Khodabakhshi2, Seyyed Ali Reza Momeni3, , Mohammad Mehdi Amin4, Hamide Ebrahimi5 1. Manager of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant, Morche Khour Industrial Zone; E-mail: [email protected] 2. Abbas Khodabakhshi, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; E-mail: [email protected] 3. Seyyyed Ali Reza Momeni, Director of Environmental Department, Isfahan small Industries and industrial parks Org; E-mail: [email protected] 4. Mohammad Mehdi Amin, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; E-mail: [email protected] 5. Hamide Ebrahimi, Industrial wastewater treatment plant expert, Morche Khour Industrial Zone,Iran- Isfahan; E-mail: [email protected] * Mahnaz Heidari

Abstract Aims:Many industrial processes depend on access to reliable water resources. Usually, compared to seasonal fluctuations associated with using water for agriculture and irrigation, relatively large amounts of water are used throughout the year. This paper presents a case study on potential of industrial wastewater reuse. The aim of this study was the performance evaluation of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process as an advanced treatment to secondary effluent quality improvement in Isfahan- Morchekhort Industrial wastewater treatment Plant. Methods: Membrane system used in this study included a Flat sheet UF module of polysulfone (PSF) with 0.1 µm pore size. Pretreatment of secondary effluent before entry to membrane system was done with a coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation (Cog, Floc, Sed), rapid sand filtration (SF), and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration. Results: The membrane system could decrease turbidity, COD, TSS, total hardness, total nitrogen (TN), total coliform (TC),and fecal coliform 94,84,88.86,22.61,47.77,99.9,99.73 % respectively. Conclusion: UF is able to remove chemical parameter from secondary effluent and meet national environmental standards. However, achievement to optimum operation of this system requires adequate pretreatment of effluent prior to membrane such as injection aid filter, sand filtration, and GAC. Key words: Industrial Wastewater, Ultrafiltration, granular Activated Carbon, Sand Filtration, Coagulation and flocculation.

163

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Optimization of a food wastewater treatment plant using enzymatic- bacterial concentrated mixture and coagulants Nader Salmani Khas 1, Mahmood Alimohammadi2*, Abbas Shevidi3, Farshad Mohammadi4, Hamid Reza Golsefatan5 1 Assistant professor, Faculty of Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] 2 Associate professor, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] 3 Faculty of Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] 4 Quality control laboratory, Delpazir Company, [email protected] 5 PhD of Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] *Corresponding author

Abstract Food industries wastewater is the most polluting wastewater due to its high concentrations of organic matter. Discharge without proper treatment can cause environmental problems. In this study, the effect of concentrated enzymatic-bacterial mixture (BIOAL) in the activated sludge , poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and anionic polyelectrolyte in the flotation unit on the quality of the treated wastewater was assessed in Delpazir food industry (Kadbano(. The results showed that, the amount of microbial mass in the aeration basin increased and the removal percentage of BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, fat and turbidity increased from 93, 95, 77, 95, 20, 66 to 99, 99, 88, 98, 70, 98 respectively, indicating the effectiveness of the changes. Thus, the treated wastewater is reusable in different parts of the plant. This treatment method can reduce industrial water consumption. Keywords: food industries wastewater, BIOAL, poly aluminum chloride, anionic polyelectrolyte.

164

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of phosphorus removal from filtered effluent of activated sludge using the electrochemical process Rabbani D1, Rashidipour F2, Akbari H3, Mostafaii GH4, Dehghani R5 1First Author, Kashan University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 2Second Author, Kashan University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 3Third Author, Kashan University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 4Fourth Author, Kashan University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 5Fifth Author, Kashan University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Rashidipour F

Abstract Background: Phosphorus (in a concentration range of 0.005-0.05 mg/L-P) is enough for eutrophication of water bodies; therefore, phosphorus removal from effluents is necessary. The electrochemical process is one of the methods used for phosphorus removal. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of the electrochemical process on phosphorus removal from filtered effluent of activated sludge. Materials and Methods: This bench-scale experimental study was carried out on the samples of filtered effluent of activated sludge in a batch system. Phosphorus concentrations for 210 samples were measured through stannous-chloride method (The Standard Method, 4500 P-D.). Data were analyzed using Green house Geisser, one-way ANOVA and the Tukey’s post- hoc tests. Results: The average phosphorus concentration before the electrochemical process in the filtered samples and the maximum efficiency of phosphorus removal were 1.93±0.86 mg/L-P and 98%, respectively. The residual phosphorus concentrations (electrical current ≥0.3A, reaction time≥10min) in all samples were decreased to less than 1mg/L-P. Conclusion: Results showed that the electrochemical process could decrease the residual phosphorus to less than the standard limit (1mg/L-P) in Iran. The plot for the average residual phosphorus concentrations versus reaction time is a straight line (R²=0.837). Phosphorus removal from the samples of filtered effluent of activated sludge is considered as a second-order reaction and the fitted 2 model could be formulated as y= -0.001x + 0.133x + 0.875 (R²=0.925). Keywords: Wastewater, Phosphorus, Electrochemical process

165

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of physicochemical quality of water sources in Assad Abad city of the Year (2011-2017). Bahman Golzar Khojasteh1*, Majid zibazadeh 2, Khadijeh Yari 3, Mehdi Khodabakhshi4 *Corresponding author: [email protected] M Sc. Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, Health Research and Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.. [email protected] MSc. of Chemical Engineering, Water Quality and Control, Hamedan City Water and Wastewater Administration, Hamedan, Iran. [email protected] MSc. of Science in Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, Health Research and Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. [email protected] MSc . Of air pollution, Environmental Health Department, Health Department, Hamadan Health Center, Hamedan, Iran. [email protected] Abstract Background and Purpose: Water is sufficient and desirable to sustain human life. Health development and environmental protection are always dependent on healthy water. The optimal physical and chemical quality of the water is necessary from the point of view of its acceptance for the consumer, maintaining the health of the consumer and maintaining the water system. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical status of supply sources of Assad Abad water from 2011-2017. Materials and methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. By collecting the results of physicochemical quality of 2011-2016 from the General Office of Water and Wastewater of Hamedan Province Along with 32 samples during the seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) in 2017 Of the 8 underground water sources (wells number 5, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 18) and a series of aqueducts Harvested and 19 parameters included (total soluble solids (TDS), turbidity, total hardness, total alkalinity, bicarbonate, Carbonate, chlorine, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, fluorine, sodium, calcium, phosphate, iron, manganese, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature) Finally, the results were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software, Edition 16 was analyzed and compared with national standards. Findings: The findings of the research show that the average parameters of the source of supply of drinking water in Assad Abad city in 2017 Compared to the average results of the parameters studied, the years (2011-2016) were collected the water and wastewater department of Hamedan province is within the limits of the national standard of drinking water. Conclusion: According to the results, the average parameters of the study are within the national drinking water standards and the quality of drinking water in the city of Assad Abad is safe for consumers. 166

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Keywords: Physicochemical, Resources, Drinking Water, Assad Abad

167

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Persian Gulf as a source of water for Drinking and industrial usage in South East Iran Aida Tayebiyan1, Omid Najafabadi2, Mohammad Javad Khanjani3, Mohammad Malakootian4 1 Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Email: [email protected] 2Kerman Institute of Higher Education, Kerman, Iran ; Email: [email protected] 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran; Email:[email protected] 4Environmental Health Engineering Research Center and Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Omid najafabadi; Email: [email protected]

Abstract Due to the high potential of the southern and central regions of Iran, huge development projects in mining industries such as the production and processing of iron ore, cones, pellets, steel making, copper extraction and processing are performed. High potential and capacity of the mining industries have made these regions important for the development of aforementioned industries. Obviously, the development and enhancement of these projects requires significant water supplies, which are beyond the capacity of local water resources. One of the solutions to provide the water needs was to transfer the water from dams and rivers outside the basins, which could create unanticipated social, economic and environmental consequences. Therefore, the use of unconventional water resources such as sea water could be considered as a final solution. One way for supplying water from offshore resources is the National Project for Desalination and Gulf Water Transmission to the Southeast Industries of the country to supply water for the Gulhogar Industrial and Mining Complex, Sarcheshmeh Copper Industries and Chador Malu Steel Industries. In this study, the watersheds in the southeast areas of Iran (Hormozgan, Kerman, Yazd), in the route of the water transmission lines from the Persian Gulf to the mines were investigated. The results showed that due to the excessive withdrawal of groundwater to supply agricultural and drinking water , it is unbearable to use these resources anymore. In addition, due to high scattering of surface water resources and the lack of suitable sites to construct water related structures, it is impossible to control and supplysurface water beyond the present status. Therefore, Persian Gulf water desalination and transmission could be the only solution to meet the water demands in industrial sectors in southeastern Iran. Keywords: Water transfer, Water crisis management, Seawater desalination, Persian Gulf, Industrials in South East Iran.

168

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Supplies in Iran

Ali Abdi a, Majid Radfardb, zahra Eslamib,Amir Adibzadehc,Hassan Hashemib* a Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. b Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran c Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. * Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (H.Hashemi).

Abstract: The water quality parameters of concern were microbiological contamination and turbidity. According to the special report of United Nations on Iran, the population is exposed to higher risks of enteritis, diarrhea and contagious diseases, due to non-availability of drinking water in rural areas. The rural drinking water resources in Zahedan, Iran were characterized by using microbiological methods to investigate the quality of water and the effect of type and location of resources, supervision of Rural Water and Wastewater Company (RWWC) and turbidity on microbiology of water resources. The residual chlorine and microbial quality of drinking water in the Zahedan villages by a number of 1221 samples from all 168 villages were collected between 2014 – 2015. Then the samples were evaluated using 9-tube fermentation methods and portable chlorine method test. Based on the microbial coliform and fecal coliform indices, the data indicated that the maximum and minimum controlling of the bacteria in the distribution network were in the winter (90.62%) and autumn (85.56%), respectively. Also in the reservoirs, the maximum and minimum controlling of the bacteria were in winter (93.49%) and autumn (87.35%), respectively. The residual chlorine were prepared in almost all of seasons. Water resources should be comprehensively planned and monitored keeping in view the WHO recommended parameters. Data suggests that all rural water resources should be supervised by RWWC. Keywords: Drinking water, Coliform and fecal coliform, Residual chlorine, HPC, Zahedan.

169

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Data on Nitrate–Nitrite Pullotion in the groundwater resources of Sonqor plain in Iran Hamed Soleimania, Zakarya Mohammadib, Masoumeh Rahmatiniac, Nima Danaei Koikd, * a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran b Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. c Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran d Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author: Nima Danaei Koik (N.Danaei Koik) E_mail address: [email protected]

Abstract Nitrate is a groundwater pollutant which in higher concentrations limits, leads to health hazard such as Methemoglobinemia and formation of nitrosamine compounds. In this research, the nitrate and nitrite concentrations in all water resources in the villages of Songor plain were determined and the relationship between these values with the water table and zonation of nitrate concentration were investigated in the GIS environment. In this study, 37 samples of all groundwater resources of Sonqor plain were taken in, high water (March 2016) and low water (October 2017) periods. Water nitrate levels were then determined by spectrophotometry and results compared with national standards of Iran and analyzed by SPSS. Finally, the concentration distribution mapping was carried out in GIS environment and the factors affecting nitrite changes were analyzed. Nitrate concentration of water resources of Sonqor plain was fluctuating at 3.09–88.5 mg per Liter. In one station, nitrite concentrations in the high (88.5 mg/L) and low (71.4 mg/L) water seasons were higher than the maximum limit. Low thickness of alluvium, the site of wells in the downstream farmlands, the farming situation of the region, nitrate leaching from agricultural soils and wide use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture were considered as the causes of the pollution in one station. Though the average concentration of nitrate and nitrite are not high in this region, but because of problematic consequences of high nitrate concentrations to human health, proper management in use of chemical fertilizers, treatment or disposal of contaminated wells and protection of water wells is highly recommended. Keywords: Nitrate and nitrite concentration, GIS, Sonqor, Groundwater resources, Iran

170

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Drinking water quality using water quality index(WQI) and assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in Qorveh&Dehgolan, Kurdistan, Iran , * Abbas Abbasniaa, Zakarya Mohammadi b, Hamed Soleimanic a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. b Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. c Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Corresponding author: Hamed Soleimani (H.Soleimani) E_mail address: [email protected]

Abstract This data article aimed to investigate the quality of drinking water of Qorveh and Dehgolan Counties in Kurdistan province based on the water quality index(WQI) and agricultural quality index based on RSC, PI, KR, MH, Na, SAR and SSP indices. Also, Piper diagram was used to determine hydro chemical features of the groundwater area,. The calculation of WQI for groundwater samples indicated that 36% of the samples could be considered as excellent water and 64% of the samples were classified as good water category. The results of the calculated indices for agricultural water quality indicate that water quality in all collected samples are in a good and excellent category. The Piper classification showed that dominant type of groundwater hydro chemical faces of region was calcium bicarbonate (Ca-HCO-3). Keywords: Groundwater, WQI, Irrigation, Kurdistan

171

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation amount of COD removal from wastewater containing olive oil by electrocoagulation: study of kinetic models Mina Gharchi 1,2, Abbas Rezaee 1, Amir Adibzadeh 3 1Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; 2Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; [email protected] 3Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Abbas Rezaee, [email protected]

Abstract Oily wastewater containing significant amounts of oil has the potential for pollution of surface water and the environment, which if discharged to the sewage treatment system, it also causes serious problems. Therefore, before any action, the oil in the wastewater must be removed and separeting. There are several ways to remove oil. In this study, the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process in reducing the COD synthetic wastewater containing olive oil was investigated. In this process, iron and galvanized electrodes were used. The effect of current density, electrolyte concentration, initial pH and reaction time on COD reduction was investigated. The maximum removal efficiency of COD for iron and galvanized electrodes at a current density of 12.5 mA⁄cm2, electrolyte concentration of 400 mg / l, initial pH 7, and reaction time of 60 min and more than 99% were obtained, which COD concentration in this condition for each of the electrodes was 136. 4 and 103.96 mg / L respectively. The electrical energy consumption in these conditions for these two electrodes was 28.5 and 46.25 KWhr⁄m3, respectively. Finally, kinetic models of pseudo-first, pseudo-second order and webermoris were investigated for these two electrodes. The results showed that the highest correlation coefficient for both electrodes was related to the pseudo-second-order model. Keywords: wastewater treatment, Fat and oil, Electrocoagulation, Kinetics

172

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

In situ production of iron by electrochemical process for homogeneous catalytic ozonation of landfill leachate: Kinetic study Mina Gharchi 1,2, Abbas Rezaee 1 1Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] 2Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Abbas Rezaee Abstract Introduction: waste leachate is one of the most contaminated and complex wastewater which is inadequate management in its treatment, creates serious problems for the environment and surface water as well as ground water resources. So far, many studies have been done on the treatment of waste leachate, but it is still recognized as a problem and challenge. Materials and Methods: In this study, electrochemical, single ozone and integrated electrochemical- ozonation processes were used for landfill leachate primary treatment. Parameters studied were current intensity (25-100 mA), ozone concentration (400-100 mg / h), initial pH (3, 5, 7 and 9/3) and reaction time (1- 6 hours). Experiments were designed based on the one factor test, and in each experiment, the COD reduction rate and the improvement of current efficiency and ozone consumption for COD reduction were evaluated. At the end, reaction kinetics were also studied based on the type of process. Results and discussion: The results showed that the COD reduction rate in the integrated electrochemical-ozonation process compared to electrochemical and ozonation processes was improved and under conditions of 100 mA of current, ozone concentration of 400 mg / h, initial pH 3 was maximum and after 3 hours, the reaction time, which selected as the optimal time, was 47.44 mg / L.min. Also, current efficiency in this process increased compared to the electrochemical process, and mg of ozone consumed per mg COD removed, the single ozonation process decreased. By studying pseudo-first-order and peseudo- second-order (electrochemical) kinetics it was found that rate constant has increased in integrated process. Conclusion: Integrated electrochemical-ozonation process can be used as a effective and efficient pretreatment method in waste leachate treatment. Keywords: Waste leachate, Treatment, Electrochemical, Ozonation, Integrated

173

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Survey of photocatalytic process using magnesium oxide nanoparticles for amoxicillin removal from aqueous solution Elham Norabadi 1, Hossein Kamani2, Edris Bazrafshan3, Ferdous Kord Mostafapour4, khadijeh pirasteh1, Mohadeseh Dashtizadeh1 1MSc Student in Environmental Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2Assistant Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] 3Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] 4Associate Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Hossein Kamani, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Background and purpose: Excessive consumption of antibiotics and their incomplete metabolization in human and animals, as well as inadequate removal by conventional waste water treatment plant led to their entrance into the environment. These antibiotics have adverse effects including bacterial resistance, digestive disorders and genotoxic. Therefore the aim of this study was amoxicillin removal by photocatalytic process using magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Methodology: This experimental study was carried out in the batch laboratory scale. In this study independent parameter including pH(3,7,11), magnesium oxide nanoparticles concentration( 250,500, 750 ml/L) and reaction time(30,60,90) were evaluated for getting high efficiency as well as, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis. Results: According to the statistical analysis, the effect of independent parameters including pH and nanoparticles were significant (p-value< 0.05) and the highest efficiency of amoxicillin removal was achieved 79.0% in optimum condition pH: 11, nanoparticle concentration: 500 mg/L and reaction time: 90 min. Conclusion: Photocatalytic process using magnesium oxide could be an effective and efficient method for amoxicillin removal from aqueous solution since the optimum amount of nanoparticles enhances the photocatalytic process. Keywords: Amoxicillin, photocatalytic process, nanoparticles, magnesium oxide

174

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Efficiency evaluation of photocatalytic process using ZnO nano catalyst for removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by response surface methodology Hossein kamani1*, Elham Norabadi2, Anis jahantigh2, Edris Bazrafshan3, Fateme sancholi2 1Assistant Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] 2MSc Student in Environmental Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 3Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected]; *Corresponding author: Hossein Kamani, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Background and purpose: Chlorophenols are one of the toxic compounds in the industries that are biologicahhy biodegradable industries and they last a long time in a stable environment. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate them and prevent pollution of the receiving waters. the aim of this study was evaluation of ZnO nano-particles for removal of these 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from aqueous solution based on the response surface methodology (RSM) model. Materials and methods: Effect of independent variables including pH, catalyst dose, contact time and the initial concentration 2,4,6-trichlorophenolfrom of were evaluated based on the response surface methodology (box- behnken method) and with respect to the removal efficiency of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol .to carry out experiments, use a reactor to volume one liter using ZnO nano-particles and a uv(15) watt light bulb. Results: The results showed that the best conditions for the removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were achieved at pH= 3, nano-particle concentration 0.4g/l, reaction time and74.72 min and initial concentration of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 50 mg/l contact time (95.85% removal efficiency). Conclusion: The results showed that photocatalytic process was accelerated in the presence of ZnO nano-particle and enhanced removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Keywords: response surface methodology, photocatalytic, ZnO nano-particle ,2,4,6-trichlorophenol

175

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation the efficiency of the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic by cobalt ferrite modified with copper sulfide magnetic nanocomposite from aqueous solutions Ali Naghizadeh1, Ali Allahresani2, Mohammad Kamranifar3,* 1 1Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran ([email protected]) 3 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Office of Research and Technology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Mohammad Kamranifar Abstract In recent years, drug compounds have been identified as one of the most commonly known water pollutants. In the meantime, antibiotics are one of the drugs that are widely used in medicine, veterinary and aquaculture to prevent, treat microbial infections and increase their growth. This high level of consumption has led to the entry of the remaining medications into the environment, which has caused a lot of problems in this regard. Antibiotics are stable and lipophilic and can remain in the environment for a long time due to continuous arrival, whose presence in both low and high concentrations is dangerous. These compounds are very resistant to biological degradation. Therefore, the removal of such compounds from aquatic environments is essential. In this research, cobalt ferrite modified with copper sulfide magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized. Then SEM, FTIR, XRD and VSM analyses were used to determine the properties of this nanocomposite. Finally, the effect of cobalt ferrite modified with copper sulfide magnetic nanocomposite on photocatalytic degradation of penicillin G antibiotic in different conditions such as pH (3- 11), catalyst dose (0.1-0.8 g/L), antibiotic concentration (10-100 mg/L) and contact time (10-120 min) was investigated. The results of the SEM analysis indicated that the size of synthesized nonaocomposite were less than 100 nm. Also, analyzes of FTIR and XRD showed that cobalt ferrite modified with copper sulfide magnetic nanocomposite was properly synthesized. VSM analysis showed that the saturation magnetization of this nanocompositr was 7 emu/g. The experimental results of this research showed that the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics at pH=5 was the most effective. In addition, with an increase in the dose of nanoparticles up to 0.2 g/L, the amount of degradation efficiency increases, whereas after this amount is decreased. It was also found that with decreasing initial concentration of antibiotics and increasing contact time, degradation efficiency increased. Keywords: photocatalytic, antibiotic, magnetic nanocomposite

176

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions using cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles: study of isotherm and kinetic adsorption Ali Naghizadeh1, Fatemehsadat Masoudi 2, Mohammad Kamranifar3*, Hossein Mirshekar Mobarakeh4 11Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2MSc Student of Environment Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3 1Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 4 BSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Head of Laboratory and process control unit for industrial waste water treatment plant Jey, Isfahan, Iran ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Mohammad Kamranifar Abstract Today, the concentration of organic matter in the water has been increased alarmingly. Natural and artificial organic substances in the water including humic materials, residues of microorganisms and their metabolites, aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons of high molecular weight and high molecular weight. The concentrations of humic substances changed according to the region, usually the concentration of this matter in the natural waters were 0.1-10 mg/L. The presence of humic acid in aquatic environments causes problems such as color, the formation of more than 600 types of carcinogenic detergents, including trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, re-growth Microorganisms. Therefore, the removal of humic acid from contaminant water is essential. In this study, characteristics of synthesized adsorbent were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. Also, the effect of various factors such as pH (3-11), dosage adsorbent (0.2-0.8 g/L), initial concentration (5-40 mg/L) and contact time (0-90 min) on the adsorption capacity, were determined. The results of the SEM analysis indicated that the size of synthesized nanoparticles were less than 100 nm. Also, analyzes of FTIR and XRD showed that cobalt ferrite was properly synthesized. VSM analysis showed that the saturation magnetization of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles was 42 emu/g. Furthermore, the results of this research showed that cobalt ferrite had the best performance for removing humic acid at pH=3. As the adsorption dose increases, adsorption capacity were decreased. But increasing the concentration of humic acid leads to increase the adsorption capacity. In general, the results of this study showed that in optimal condition, cobalt ferrite adsorption capacity was 146 mg/g. The results of isotherm adsorption showed that the process of adsorption of humic acid by cobalt ferrite is consistent with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Also, adsorption data were more consistent with pseudo-second order kinetics. Keywords: Humic acid, Aqueous solutions, Magnetic nanoparticles

177

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Data on Nitrate–Nitrite Pullotion in the groundwater resources of Sonqor plain in Iran Hamed Soleimania, Zakarya Mohammadib, Masoumeh Rahmatiniac, Nima Danaei Koikd, * a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran b Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. c Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran d Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author: Nima Danaei Koik (N.Danaei Koik) E_mail address: [email protected] Abstract Nitrate is a groundwater pollutant which in higher concentrations limits, leads to health hazard such as Methemoglobinemia and formation of nitrosamine compounds. In this research, the nitrate and nitrite concentrations in all water resources in the villages of Songor plain were determined and the relationship between these values with the water table and zonation of nitrate concentration were investigated in the GIS environment. In this study, 37 samples of all groundwater resources of Sonqor plain were taken in, high water (March 2016) and low water (October 2017) periods. Water nitrate levels were then determined by spectrophotometry and results compared with national standards of Iran and analyzed by SPSS. Finally, the concentration distribution mapping was carried out in GIS environment and the factors affecting nitrite changes were analyzed. Nitrate concentration of water resources of Sonqor plain was fluctuating at 3.09–88.5 mg per Liter. In one station, nitrite concentrations in the high (88.5 mg/L) and low (71.4 mg/L) water seasons were higher than the maximum limit. Low thickness of alluvium, the site of wells in the downstream farmlands, the farming situation of the region, nitrate leaching from agricultural soils and wide use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture were considered as the causes of the pollution in one station. Though the average concentration of nitrate and nitrite are not high in this region, but because of problematic consequences of high nitrate concentrations to human health, proper management in use of chemical fertilizers, treatment or disposal of contaminated wells and protection of water wells is highly recommended. Keywords: Nitrate and nitrite concentration, GIS, Sonqor, Groundwater resources, Iran

178

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Drinking water quality using water quality index(WQI) and assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in Qorveh&Dehgolan, Kurdistan, Iran , * Abbas Abbasniaa, Zakarya Mohammadi b, Hamed Soleimanic a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. b Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. c Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Corresponding author: Hamed Soleimani (H.Soleimani) E_mail address: [email protected] Abstract This data article aimed to investigate the quality of drinking water of Qorveh and Dehgolan Counties in Kurdistan province based on the water quality index(WQI) and agricultural quality index based on RSC, PI, KR, MH, Na, SAR and SSP indices. Also, Piper diagram was used to determine hydro chemical features of the groundwater area,. The calculation of WQI for groundwater samples indicated that 36% of the samples could be considered as excellent water and 64% of the samples were classified as good water category. The results of the calculated indices for agricultural water quality indicate that water quality in all collected samples are in a good and excellent category. The Piper classification showed that dominant type of groundwater hydro chemical faces of region was calcium bicarbonate (Ca-HCO-3). Keywords: Groundwater, WQI, Irrigation, Kurdistan

179

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation amount of COD removal from wastewater containing olive oil by electrocoagulation: study of kinetic models Mina Gharchi 1,2, Abbas Rezaee 1, Amir Adibzadeh 3 1Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; 2Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; [email protected] 3Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Abbas Rezaee, [email protected] Abstract Oily wastewater containing significant amounts of oil has the potential for pollution of surface water and the environment, which if discharged to the sewage treatment system, it also causes serious problems. Therefore, before any action, the oil in the wastewater must be removed and separeting. There are several ways to remove oil. In this study, the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process in reducing the COD synthetic wastewater containing olive oil was investigated. In this process, iron and galvanized electrodes were used. The effect of current density, electrolyte concentration, initial pH and reaction time on COD reduction was investigated. The maximum removal efficiency of COD for iron and galvanized electrodes at a current density of 12.5 mA⁄cm2, electrolyte concentration of 400 mg / l, initial pH 7, and reaction time of 60 min and more than 99% were obtained, which COD concentration in this condition for each of the electrodes was 136. 4 and 103.96 mg / L respectively. The electrical energy consumption in these conditions for these two electrodes was 28.5 and 46.25 KWhr⁄m3, respectively. Finally, kinetic models of pseudo-first, pseudo-second order and webermoris were investigated for these two electrodes. The results showed that the highest correlation coefficient for both electrodes was related to the pseudo-second-order model. Keywords: wastewater treatment, Fat and oil, Electrocoagulation, Kinetics

180

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

In situ production of iron by electrochemical process for homogeneous catalytic ozonation of landfill leachate: Kinetic study Mina Gharchi 1,2, Abbas Rezaee 1 1Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] 2Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Abbas Rezaee Abstract Introduction: waste leachate is one of the most contaminated and complex wastewater which is inadequate management in its treatment, creates serious problems for the environment and surface water as well as ground water resources. So far, many studies have been done on the treatment of waste leachate, but it is still recognized as a problem and challenge. Materials and Methods: In this study, electrochemical, single ozone and integrated electrochemical- ozonation processes were used for landfill leachate primary treatment. Parameters studied were current intensity (25-100 mA), ozone concentration (400-100 mg / h), initial pH (3, 5, 7 and 9/3) and reaction time (1- 6 hours). Experiments were designed based on the one factor test, and in each experiment, the COD reduction rate and the improvement of current efficiency and ozone consumption for COD reduction were evaluated. At the end, reaction kinetics were also studied based on the type of process. Results and discussion: The results showed that the COD reduction rate in the integrated electrochemical-ozonation process compared to electrochemical and ozonation processes was improved and under conditions of 100 mA of current, ozone concentration of 400 mg / h, initial pH 3 was maximum and after 3 hours, the reaction time, which selected as the optimal time, was 47.44 mg / L.min. Also, current efficiency in this process increased compared to the electrochemical process, and mg of ozone consumed per mg COD removed, the single ozonation process decreased. By studying pseudo-first-order and peseudo- second-order (electrochemical) kinetics it was found that rate constant has increased in integrated process. Conclusion: Integrated electrochemical-ozonation process can be used as a effective and efficient pretreatment method in waste leachate treatment. Keywords: Waste leachate, Treatment, Electrochemical, Ozonation, Integrated

181

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Survey of photocatalytic process using magnesium oxide nanoparticles for amoxicillin removal from aqueous solution Elham Norabadi 1, Hossein Kamani2, Edris Bazrafshan3, Ferdous Kord Mostafapour4, khadijeh pirasteh1, Mohadeseh Dashtizadeh1 1MSc Student in Environmental Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2Assistant Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] 3Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] 4Associate Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Hossein Kamani, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Background and purpose: Excessive consumption of antibiotics and their incomplete metabolization in human and animals, as well as inadequate removal by conventional waste water treatment plant led to their entrance into the environment. These antibiotics have adverse effects including bacterial resistance, digestive disorders and genotoxic. Therefore the aim of this study was amoxicillin removal by photocatalytic process using magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Methodology: This experimental study was carried out in the batch laboratory scale. In this study independent parameter including pH(3,7,11), magnesium oxide nanoparticles concentration( 250,500, 750 ml/L) and reaction time(30,60,90) were evaluated for getting high efficiency as well as, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis. Results: According to the statistical analysis, the effect of independent parameters including pH and nanoparticles were significant (p-value< 0.05) and the highest efficiency of amoxicillin removal was achieved 79.0% in optimum condition pH: 11, nanoparticle concentration: 500 mg/L and reaction time: 90 min. Conclusion: Photocatalytic process using magnesium oxide could be an effective and efficient method for amoxicillin removal from aqueous solution since the optimum amount of nanoparticles enhances the photocatalytic process. Keywords: Amoxicillin, photocatalytic process, nanoparticles, magnesium oxide

182

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Efficiency evaluation of photocatalytic process using ZnO nano catalyst for removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by response surface methodology Hossein kamani1*, Elham Norabadi2, Anis jahantigh2, Edris Bazrafshan3, Fateme sancholi2 1Assistant Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] 2MSc Student in Environmental Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 3Professor, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected]; *Corresponding author: Hossein Kamani, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Background and purpose: Chlorophenols are one of the toxic compounds in the industries that are biologicahhy biodegradable industries and they last a long time in a stable environment. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate them and prevent pollution of the receiving waters. the aim of this study was evaluation of ZnO nano-particles for removal of these 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from aqueous solution based on the response surface methodology (RSM) model. Materials and methods: Effect of independent variables including pH, catalyst dose, contact time and the initial concentration 2,4,6-trichlorophenolfrom of were evaluated based on the response surface methodology (box- behnken method) and with respect to the removal efficiency of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol .to carry out experiments, use a reactor to volume one liter using ZnO nano-particles and a uv(15) watt light bulb. Results: The results showed that the best conditions for the removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were achieved at pH= 3, nano-particle concentration 0.4g/l, reaction time and74.72 min and initial concentration of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 50 mg/l contact time (95.85% removal efficiency). Conclusion: The results showed that photocatalytic process was accelerated in the presence of ZnO nano-particle and enhanced removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Keywords: response surface methodology, photocatalytic, ZnO nano-particle ,2,4,6-trichlorophenol

183

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation the efficiency of the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic by cobalt ferrite modified with copper sulfide magnetic nanocomposite from aqueous solutions Ali Naghizadeh1, Ali Allahresani2, Mohammad Kamranifar3,* 1 1Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran ([email protected]) 3 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Office of Research and Technology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Mohammad Kamranifar Abstract In recent years, drug compounds have been identified as one of the most commonly known water pollutants. In the meantime, antibiotics are one of the drugs that are widely used in medicine, veterinary and aquaculture to prevent, treat microbial infections and increase their growth. This high level of consumption has led to the entry of the remaining medications into the environment, which has caused a lot of problems in this regard. Antibiotics are stable and lipophilic and can remain in the environment for a long time due to continuous arrival, whose presence in both low and high concentrations is dangerous. These compounds are very resistant to biological degradation. Therefore, the removal of such compounds from aquatic environments is essential. In this research, cobalt ferrite modified with copper sulfide magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized. Then SEM, FTIR, XRD and VSM analyses were used to determine the properties of this nanocomposite. Finally, the effect of cobalt ferrite modified with copper sulfide magnetic nanocomposite on photocatalytic degradation of penicillin G antibiotic in different conditions such as pH (3- 11), catalyst dose (0.1-0.8 g/L), antibiotic concentration (10-100 mg/L) and contact time (10-120 min) was investigated. The results of the SEM analysis indicated that the size of synthesized nonaocomposite were less than 100 nm. Also, analyzes of FTIR and XRD showed that cobalt ferrite modified with copper sulfide magnetic nanocomposite was properly synthesized. VSM analysis showed that the saturation magnetization of this nanocompositr was 7 emu/g. The experimental results of this research showed that the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics at pH=5 was the most effective. In addition, with an increase in the dose of nanoparticles up to 0.2 g/L, the amount of degradation efficiency increases, whereas after this amount is decreased. It was also found that with decreasing initial concentration of antibiotics and increasing contact time, degradation efficiency increased. Keywords: photocatalytic, antibiotic, magnetic nanocomposite

184

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions using cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles: study of isotherm and kinetic adsorption Ali Naghizadeh1, Fatemehsadat Masoudi 2, Mohammad Kamranifar3*, Hossein Mirshekar Mobarakeh4 11Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2MSc Student of Environment Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3 1Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 4 BSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Head of Laboratory and process control unit for industrial waste water treatment plant Jey, Isfahan, Iran ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Mohammad Kamranifar Abstract Today, the concentration of organic matter in the water has been increased alarmingly. Natural and artificial organic substances in the water including humic materials, residues of microorganisms and their metabolites, aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons of high molecular weight and high molecular weight. The concentrations of humic substances changed according to the region, usually the concentration of this matter in the natural waters were 0.1-10 mg/L. The presence of humic acid in aquatic environments causes problems such as color, the formation of more than 600 types of carcinogenic detergents, including trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, re-growth Microorganisms. Therefore, the removal of humic acid from contaminant water is essential. In this study, characteristics of synthesized adsorbent were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. Also, the effect of various factors such as pH (3-11), dosage adsorbent (0.2-0.8 g/L), initial concentration (5-40 mg/L) and contact time (0-90 min) on the adsorption capacity, were determined. The results of the SEM analysis indicated that the size of synthesized nanoparticles were less than 100 nm. Also, analyzes of FTIR and XRD showed that cobalt ferrite was properly synthesized. VSM analysis showed that the saturation magnetization of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles was 42 emu/g. Furthermore, the results of this research showed that cobalt ferrite had the best performance for removing humic acid at pH=3. As the adsorption dose increases, adsorption capacity were decreased. But increasing the concentration of humic acid leads to increase the adsorption capacity. In general, the results of this study showed that in optimal condition, cobalt ferrite adsorption capacity was 146 mg/g. The results of isotherm adsorption showed that the process of adsorption of humic acid by cobalt ferrite is consistent with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Also, adsorption data were more consistent with pseudo-second order kinetics. Keywords: Humic acid, Aqueous solutions, Magnetic nanoparticles

185

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

An innovative approach to attached cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using different materials Afshin Ebrahimi1, Razieh ShafieeAlavijeh2, Ali Abdolahnejad3, Hossein Farrokhzadeh4, Mohammad Mehdi Amin1, Negar Jafari4* 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81676-36954, Isfahan, Iran. Email: [email protected] (M.M. Amin), [email protected] 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan,Iran. Email: [email protected] 3Departmentof Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, ShahidSadoghi Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Email: [email protected] 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Corresponding Author: AfshinEbrahimi, Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract This article investigates the innovative attached cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) using different materials as an alternative to high capital techniques of harvesting suchascentrifuge, flocculation, and filtration. A simple attached algal cultivation system was proposed that equipped by 10 submerged supporting materials which can harvest algal cells, efficiently. The effect of operational parameters such as light intensity, the rate of aeration and auto-harvesting time was investigated. A chip, durable and abundant cellulosic material (Kaldnes carriers covered by kenafs, KCCKs) was proposed for auto-harvesting C. vulgaris cells. The results revealed that optimum aeration rate, light intensity, and auto-harvesting of microalgal cells were 3.6 vvm, 10548 W/m2, and 12 days, respectively. Six of these KCCKs had the highest biofilm formation percent up to 33%. In this condition, the rate of cells growth increased to 0.6 mg/cm2. Therefore, this system can be used for appropriate auto-harvesting of microalgae in the attached growth systems. C. vulgaris biomass composition is valuable for biodiesel, bioethanol and animal proteins production. Keywords: Attached growth, Chlorella vulgaris, Harvesting, Biofilm carriers

186

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Optimization of the electrochemical and physical hybrid process to remove COD from Carwash Industrial Wastewater Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh1, Hamzeh Ali Jamali1, Zohreh Naghdali2, Milad Mousazadeh2*, Seyede Parvin Moussavi3, Seyed Mostafa Hallaji4

1. Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Electronic address: [email protected]

2. Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Email address: [email protected]

3. Environmental Health Research Center, International Branch of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran; Email address: [email protected]

4. School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected]

*Corresponding author: Milad Mousazadeh, Email address: [email protected] Abstract Objectives: Nowadays, the rapid growth of the car wash industry results in the need for wastewater reclamation. Due to the high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the carwash industry as one of the most important pollutants, the electrochemical and physical hybrid process including electrocoagulation/flotation, sedimentation and filtration, were used to remove COD from the real carwash wastewater. Methodology: To optimize the operation parameters, central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was used to create 20 experimental runs by the Design Expert 7 software. It was optimized using critical operational parameters such as applied current (1-2 A), electrolysis time (30-90 min) and pH (5-9) in order to COD removal efficiency. COD concentration was determined by spectrophotometer (DR 6000). Results: The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were shown that the determination coefficient of R2 and adjusted R2 were more than 92% and 84%, respectively. Optimum conditions for pH, electrolysis time and applied current were achieved 7.67, 90 minutes and 1.69 ampere, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the COD removal efficiency was determined to be 94.5 percent. In terms of electric energy consumption and operating costs were obtained 2.4 kWh / m3 and 8820 Rials, respectively.

187

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Conclusion: The results showed that this hybrid treatment process seems to be an efficient and cost effective method compared to existing conventional treatment methods for removing pollutants from carwash wastewater. Hence, this method could be used to remove COD from carwash wastewater and wastewater reclamation. Keywords: Carwash wastewater, Electrocoagulation/flotation, Filtration, RSM

188

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigating the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite synthesized in removing excess amounts of fluoride ions from aqueous solutions Ali Naghizadeh 1, Fatemehsadat Masoudi*,2, Mohammad Kamranifar 3 1Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2MSc Student of Environment Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Office of Research and Technology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Fatemehsadat Masoudi Abstract Fluoride is one of the most active and electronegative element in periodic table. High Concentration of fluoride ion (1.5 mg/L) is harmful to health. This research is an experimental, laboratory-based, batch study and the effect of various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, magnetic fluoride concentration and temperature on fluoride adsorption using cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were investigated. Also, studies based on isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption process were investigated. The results showed that in optimum conditions maximum adsorption of fluoride by adsorbent at pH = 3, absorbent dosage: 0.2 g/l fluoride concentration: 10 g/l at contact time of 10 min, was 8.75 mg/g. The adsorption process was more consistent with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics. As well as, the thermodynamic results of the adsorption process, the positive values of ∆S&∆H and the negative value of ∆G were obtained. Keywords: fluoride ion, adsorption, magnetic nanoparticles, cobalt ferrite

189

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of chitosan function as a natural extract of sea shellfish in removal of penicillin G from aquatic environments Ali Naghizadeh 1, Mohammad Kamranifar 2, Fatemehsadat Masoudi*,3 1Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Office of Research and Technology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3MSc Student of Environment Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Fatemehsadat Masoudi Abstract Among the drug compounds, antibiotics are of particular importance due to their high consumption in the treatment of diseases and the widespread use in medicine and veterinary medicine and creating resistance in bacteria. Some studies showed that many antibiotics were present in the environment, including surface water and underground waters, as well as in sewage and drinking water. Today, given the necessity of using natural materials, natural-base adsorbents have been taken into consideration. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide derived from crustacean's shellfish of the sea with many characteristics such as hydrophilicity, natural and inexpensive. This experimental study was performed discontinuously in a laboratory. At the first chitosan was prepared. The effect of parameters such as pH, dosage adsorbent, penicillin G concentration and contact time in antibiotic removal was investigated. Also, the isotherm, thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption process were also studied. The results showed that the maximum absorption capacity of chitosan in pH=7, at concentration of 70 mg/L and at 10 min and in the adsorbent dosage of 0.25 g was 101.44 mg/g. the results were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model and that the adsorption process was followed by a pseudo- second order model., the standard entropy variations ∆S and standard enthalpy changes ∆H were 20.68 (J/mol k) and 5.69 (kJ/mol) respectively and standard Gibbs free energy ∆G values were negative. As a result the adsorption process of penicillin G by chitosan is spontaneous and endothermic. Keywords: adsorption, chitosan, antibiotics, penicillin G

190

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Chemical quality evaluation for the inlet and outlet water taken from of the desalination plants utilized in Dashtestan during 2018 Sobhani T, Hosseini F , Mahdian M , Argmandi Z ,Hemati Z 1-environmental health Dashtestan city health center, [email protected] 2- environmental health, Dashtestan city health center [email protected] 3-students of economy health Dashtestan city health center, [email protected] 4-environmental health Dashtestan city health center, [email protected] 5-environmental health Dashtestan city health center, [email protected] Abstract Regarding the water quality of Dashtestan city and consumers' tendency to use less soluble waters, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of water desalination plants and compare the output of water with national standards. This cross-sectional study was conducted for six months in the winter and summer 2018 through sampling of the inlet and outlet water. Out of 26 active water desalinators in Dashtestan during the research, a total of 104 samples were taken (52 inlet water and 52 in the output of the devices). Chemical analysis was performed on samples. The results were analyzed by paired t-test. The results showed that the average concentration of water quality parameters of desalting units for total hardness equal to 78 and for TDS, nitrate and fluorine, were 11.59, 2.04 and 0.05 mg / liter, respectively. Also, the average pH and chlorine residue in the output water of the devices were 6.8 and 0.2 respectively.The water output quality of the devices, except for nitrate and pH, was very low in the rest of the parameters. Therefore, for the purpose of maintaining the health, especially the importance of fluoride in preventing decay of teeth and residual chlorine in preventing secondary contamination, as well as low water solubility, the fluorination, chlorination and raising of solutes of treated water should be considered. Keywords: Water purification, Water desalination, Reverse osmosis, Membrane process

191

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Electro-oxidation process efficiency in saline wastewater treatment: optimization by response surface methodology Hamzeh ali jamali 1, Kavos Dinarloo2, Zohreh Naghdali3* 1 Associated Professor, Social Determinants on Health Promotion Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; [email protected] 2 Associated Professor, Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran; [email protected] 3 MSc, Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding Author: Zohreh Naghdali

Introduction: Biological treatment of wastewater containing high dissolved solids that were produced in many industries, due to the high concentration of salt, is not possible. One of the effective process to treat this type of wastewater, is electrooxidation process. The aim of this study was application of response surface methodology to optimize the saline wastewater using electrooxidation process. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in a pilot scale. The samples were prepared synthetically at the required level of saline wastewater. The independent variables were reaction time, pH, electrolyte concentration and cell voltage. The process performance was evaluated based on COD and TOC removal efficiencies. Determining the number of experiments, statistical analysis of experimental data and optimization of COD and TOC removal efficiencies was conducted using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Results: The results showed that the removal efficiencies of COD and TOC at the optimum conditions pH=8, reaction time 34 min, salt concentration 23.5 gr/l and voltage 7 V were 88.48% and 69% respectively. In these conditions, the desirability of the model was 1. Conclusion: Electrooxidation was an effective process for COD and TOC removal, but could not reach the standards effluent to the environment. therefore this process is proposed for pre treatment. In addition, central composite design and response surface methodology was appropriate to optimize the variables affecting COD and TOC removal process using electrooxidation. Key Words: Wastewater treatment, Saline wastewater, electrooxidation, Response Surface Methodology, Optimization.

192

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Optimization of Chromium Removal from Electroplating Industries Wastewater Using Forward Osmosis Process Hamzeh ali Jamali 1, Soleyman Sahebi2, Reza Ghanbari1, Milad Mousazadeh3, Zohreh Naghdali3*

1 Social Determinants on Health Promotion Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Research and technology center of membrane processes (RTCMP), School of Chemical, petroleum and gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] 3 Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; [email protected]; [email protected] *Corresponding Author: Zohreh Naghdali Introduction: Discharge of heavy metals considerably into the environment is taking place through industrial wastewater. The electroplating industry is one of the most important sources of chromium emission into the environment. The aim of this work was removal of chromium from electroplating wastewater using forward osmosis. Method: The real wastewater samples were collected from an electroplating factory in industrial zone of Alborz, Qazvin. This study was conducted in pilot plant equipped with forward osmosis membrane, peristaltic pump, digital scale, draw solution and feed solution tank. Experimental design was performed based on the central composite design and response surface methodology using Design Expert 7 software, which was used to create the 20 experimental runs. Chromium concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Results were revealed that optimum conditions for independent variables including: concentration of draw solution (23.1 M), concentration of feed solution (8.62 mg / L) and contact time (90 minutes). In these conditions, the amount of gained water and the chromium removal efficiency were achieved 11.24 gr and 94.92 percent, respectively. In addition, the results of analysis of variance and regression analysis were shown that the values of experimental and predicted responses were in a good agreement by the model. Conclusion: Using forward osmosis method whereas extracting a significant amount of water from electroplating wastewater also has a high efficiency in removal of chromium. Hence, this method could be used to remove chromium from electroplating wastewater and wastewater reclamation. Key words: Chromium removal, Electroplating wastewater, Forward osmosis, Response Surface Methodology

193

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution Using K10 montmorillonite Nanoclay Farshad Hamidi1 ,Yones Katoki2 ,Yousef Dadban Shahamat3, Mohammad Hadi Mehdinejad4 1MSc Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 2 Bachelor of Environmental Health Engineering Environmental Health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ; [email protected] 3Assistant Professor , Environmental Health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ; [email protected] 4 Associate Professor , Environmental Health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mohammad Hadi Mehdinejad Abstract Background and purpose: Pollution of natural waters by lead is one of the serious environmental problems. Considering the long-term toxic effects of lead on human health and bio-accumulation, it is essential to reduce its exposure to the environment. In this study, the removal of lead ions by K10 montmorillonite Nanoclay from aqueous solution was investigated. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, the effect of different parameters including initial pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time on effectiveness of lead removal.by montmorillonite Nanoclay were investigated. In addition, equilibrium results were fitted into Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, and pseudo-second order and pseudo-first order kinetic models. Results: It was found that optimized pH was 5.As, the removal efficiency increased by increase in initial concentration of lead. The best contact time was obtained in 120 minutes and the lead removal efficiency at this time was 95.9%. Lead absorption by montmorillonite nanoclay with Langmuir isotherm model with a correlation coefficient of 0.928 was more consistent and in fact the adsorption process obeys Langmuir's model. It was also found that lead absorption follows a pseudo-second order kinetic models. Conclusion: It is concluded that adsorption method for the removal of lead by montmorillonite nanoclay could be an effective and inexpensive way to remove lead from contaminated water sources. Keywords: Adsorption, Lead, Montmorillonite Nanoclay, Isotherm

194

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of coagulation and ultrasonic processes in removal of COD and color of solid waste leachate Mohsen Arbabi 1 , Sepideh Tousizadeh 2* , Elahe Tondro 3 , Neda Masoudipour 4 , parisa Azizi 5, maryam Aarab 6, Asyeh Mohammadi 7 1Associate Professor of Environmental Health , School of Health, Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences Shahre- kord, I.R. IRAN ; Email: [email protected] 2* MS of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health , Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences Shahre- kord, I.R. IRAN; Email : [email protected] 3 MS of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health , Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences Shahre- kord, I.R. IRAN; Email : [email protected] 4 MS of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health , Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences Shahre- kord, I.R. IRAN; Email : [email protected] 5 BS of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Health , Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences Shahre- kord, I.R. IRAN; Email : [email protected] 6 BS of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Health , Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences Shahre- kord, I.R. IRAN; Email : [email protected] 7 BS of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Health , Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences Shahre- kord, I.R. IRAN; Email : [email protected] Abstract Introduction: One of the key steps in waste management is the collection and refining of leachate. Leachate from municipal waste due to high COD and dark color is a potential pollutant for the environment, causes a lot of problems when directly discharge into the environment in the absence of treatment. So far, various methods have been used to refine the leachate, in which advanced oxidation processes were effective in oxidizing organic constituents and converting them into harmless materials. The present study was conducted to determine the efficiency of ultrasonic process in combination with coagulation and flocculation process using sodium ferrate in COD and color reduction. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, all experiments were performed in batch conditions and with changing the process parameters such as pH, sonication time and coagulant concentration were carried out, then the removal efficiency of COD and color were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS. Results: The results showed that the coagulation and flocculation process with sodium ferrate in optimal conditions eliminates 50.43% COD and 87.9% of the color. The highest removal efficiency of color in the ultrasonic process was obtained 90.35% and the highest removal efficiency of COD in the ultrasonic process with combination of sodium ferrate was obtained 90.95%. Conclusion: The results showed that the coagulation and ultrasonic processes functions in removal of COD and color from the municipal solid waste leachate were the same. In general, these two processes have a high ability to reduce the organic load and the color of the municipal waste leachate, as well as, could be used for refining leachate as a pre and/or post-treatment. Keywords: leachate, ultrasonic, coagulation, sodium ferrate

195

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluating the effect of granular activated carbon on the removal of 2- Chlorophenol from aqueous solutions using MW/ H2O2 / GAC Abdolmotaleb Sidmohammadi 1, Ava kharazi*, 2 Fateme Asadi3 1 Associate Professor, research center for health science, Department of Environmental health engineering, Hamadan University of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Email address([email protected]) 2 Master student of Environmental health engineering, research center for health science, Hamadan University of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran. ; Email address([email protected]) 3PhD student of Environmental health engineering, research center for health science, Hamadan University of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Email address([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Ava kharazi Abstract Introduction: 2- Chlorophenol is one of the most important aromatic compounds in the chemical and petrochemical industries. Due to it’s toxicity and high stability, it has produced irreparable effects and long- term ecological damage. Among the various methods for removing aromatic compounds, Advanced oxidation method has been considered by the researchers due to low space requirement, convenient installation, reduced sludge production. Therefore the purpose of this study was Evaluating the effect of granular activated carbon on the removal of 2- Chlorophenol from aqueous solutions using MW/ H2O2 / GAC. Method: This experimental study was carried out in the laboratory of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and done in bench reactor. In the present study, the removal of 2- Chlorophenol using a modified domestic Microwave (MW) oven in combination with (MW/ H2O2) was investigated. The effects of pH 3, 5,

7 and 10, H2O2 (20-60 ml / L), the catalyst Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) with concentrations (150, 100 and 50 mg / L), the power of microwave radiations (180-300 W), The initial concentrations of 2-chlorophenol (25 mg / L) were studied. In order to determine the concentration of 2-Chlorophenol a spectrophotometer were used. Finally, the kinetic models of grade 0, 1 and 2 were evaluated under optimized conditions. Results: The experimental results showed that the removal of 2-Chlorophenol was influenced by many factors, including the pH value, the amount of H2O2, GAC and microwave power. The optimum conditions for the best removal rate were obtained at pH=10, the concentration of H2O2, GAC, and power of microwave radiations were selected to be 50, 100 mg / L, and 600 w, respectively. Conclusion: Based on optimal conditions, the results of this study indicated that the combined process of MW/

H2O2 / GAC had the highest removal efficiency of 2-chlorophenol in alkaline conditions. Therefore, this process could be proposed for industries that have 2-chlorophenol in their waste water as an environmentally friendly method. Key Words: GAC ،MW، 2-chlorophenol، H2O2

196

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Comparison of performances the quartz-sand and steel industry slag beds in removing COD, BOD and turbidity from the effluent of wastewater treatment by double layer filtration method Behnaz Mohammadi Asl1*, Abd-Alkazem Neisi 2, Afshin Takdastan2 1Environment Engineering Department, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran 2Environmental Technologies Research Center at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This study was performed by an experimental and pilot-scale with the aim of evaluating the performance of two-bed filtration of quartz sand and slag of steel industry in different ratios and loadings in reducing the amount of BOD, COD and turbidity in the sewage from outlet stream of stabilization optional pond of Susangerd treatment plant. The sampling period was 180 days from March to September 2012 and it were sent initial sewage treated sewage samples to laboratory each months. Sampling and testing were carried out according to standard methods. The results of statistical analysis showed that the effect of different ratios of aggregation bed, filtration rate and time on removal of all pollutants was significant. The results of Duncan's test showed that the highest efficiency of removal of parameters in all the months was obtained in a pilot with a ratio of one-third slag of steel industry to two-thirds silica sand. The reason for reducing filtration efficiency by increasing the amount of slag can be the larger size of the slag particles, thus reducing the contact surface of the particles (special surface) is attributed to the water passing through the filter, which causes less pollutants to be absorbed by particles in the filtration bed. In addition, it was observed that between the three loading rates (low, moderate and high load), low load had the most impact on reducing the pollution load in all samples, which could be due to a longer contact time between filters (sand and slag) with organic materials. The results of measuring the parameters of wastewater showed that the highest removal efficiency of COD, BOD and turbidity in the slow load of one-third of the steel industry slag to two-thirds of silica sand was 91.2%, 91.77% and 80.4%, respectively and in the slow load of two-thirds of the steel industry slag to one-third of silica sand was is 83.33, 66.2 and 70.86%, respectively. Keywords: Optional pond Consolidation, Slug of Steel Industries, Aggregation Ratio, Double-Bed Filtration

197

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Study the removal of Amoxicillin from aqueous solutions using UV activated persulfate (UV254/PS) based advanced oxidation process Meghdad Pirsaheb1, Hiwa Hossaini1, Hosna Janjani*1, 2 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Kermanshah. Iran 2Ph.D. student of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran *Corresponding Author. [email protected] Background: Nowadays growing the industrialization and human activities threaten water resources were more than before. Advanced technologies for water and wastewater treatment are required, due to limitations of conventional methods. This study aimed to determine the removal of Amoxicillin from aqueous using ultraviolet activated persulfate (UV254/PS) based advanced oxidation process. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in laboratory scale. Prepared wastewater samples were placed under oxidation with ultraviolet activated persulfate (UV254/PS) process. After the process, the antibiotic level of samples was determined by HPLC and the effect of the variables including: persulfate concentration, pH, initial concentration of antibiotics and reaction time on antibiotics removal was investigated. Results: The highest removal of Amoxicillin was 99.26% at the reaction time of 60 minutes and initial concentration of 1 mg/l of Amoxicillin and persulfate concentration of 10 mg/l.

The results of this study showed that by decreasing the initial concentration of antibiotics, and increasing the concentration of persulfate as well as increasing the reaction time, the antibiotic removal rate increased. Also, the efficient removal of amoxicillin is carried out at relatively acidic and relatively alkaline pH levels.

Conclusion: UV254/PS based advanced oxidation process could be used as an efficient method for the removal of resistant pollutants from aqueous.

Key words: Advanced oxidation, Amoxicilin, antibiotic, persulfate

198

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Amoxicillin from hospital wastewater by Ozone/ZnO photocatalytic processes Mohammad Ali Zazouli1, Eehsan abouee Mehrizi 2, Jamshid Yazdani Charati3, Reza ghorbanpour 4 1Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of (Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Email address (zazoli۴۹@yahoo.com 2 PhD candidate of Environmental Health engineering, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Corresponding Author: Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address (Ehsan.Abouee@ gmail.com) 3 Associate Professor, Department of Biostatics, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 4* Graduat Student of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran([email protected]) Abstract Background and purpose: water pollution to residuals of pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics is increasing around the world, especially in Iran. Therefore, management and treatment of various types of wastewater, especially hospital wastewater, is necessary. Ozonation and ultraviolet radiation are the common and safe methods widely used for water and wastewater treatment. In this study, the removal efficiency of amoxicillin(AMX) from hospital wastewater were investigated by the Ozone/ZnO photo catalytic processes. Materials and methods: The lab scale study was carried out on a pre-designed reactor. The effect of some factors such as ozone concentration (1.5-5 mg / min), catalyst dose (0.25-1.5 mg / l), amoxicillin concentration (10-100 mg / l), and pH (3-11) for removal efficiency of AMX was investigated. A total of 30 samples were considered using the central composite design (CCD) method and the results were evaluated by the surface of the response, using Design Expert 7 software. Finally, the optimum conditions for amoxicillin were obtained. Results: According to the results, the removal efficiency of amoxicillin in the hospital wastewater was 50%, under optimum conditions of 4.249 mg/l ozone concentration, 0.85 mg/l catalyst dose, 49 mg/l AMX concentration, and pH of 10.7. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the removal of amoxicillin by photocatalytic process of Ozone / Zinc Oxide from wastewater which possess oxidizing substances could be as fairly suitable and effective method. Keywords: Ozonation, Zinc oxide, Amoxicillin, Hospital wastewater

199

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigating the Function of the Bioreactor in Amoxicillin Removal Zahra Derakhshan*1, Mohammad Faramarzian1, Mehri Derakhshan2, Fatemeh Derakhshan2, Mansooreh Dehghani1, Marjan Salari3 1 Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2 Faculty of Teachers Education, Farhangian University, Shiraz, Iran. 3 Ph.D. Candidate of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. *Corresponding author: Zahra derakhshan, Email: [email protected] Abstract Rapid population growth and urbanization has led to produce large amounts of sewage that their release and discharge into the environment without purification would be associated with the devastating effects on the environment, especially water resources, therefore purifying these pollutants is essential to reduce their adverse effects on the environment. Also, the use of pharmaceutical compounds such as amoxicillin has increased by increasing population and promoting community and population health. This antibiotic has contaminated various ecosystems due to its chemical structure, polarity, activity rate and stability. There are many physical and chemical methods to remove this antibiotic from aquatic and terrestrial environments, but these methods were not cost-effective and were associated with problems in exploitation. Biological methods were able to mineralize and using these antibiotic as a source of carbon, nitrogen and energy due to their enzymatic system. On the other hand, MBBRs have contributed greatly to lower costs due to the nature of their treatment method. For this reason, in the present study, the ability of bioreactors containing a mobile bed to degrade amoxicillin from artificial sewage in different operating conditions were evaluated. In the present study, it was concluded that the maximum removal efficiency of amoxicillin and the amount of oxygen required for solution was 95.3% and 97.8%, respectively. According to the results, the MBBR provides a combination of the benefits of attached and suspended growth methods by suspended solid carriers that provide a massive surface for microbial biofilms and eliminates the need to recycle the biomass. Also, this system would able to reduce the land needed to build a refinery, facilitate the promoting the existing treatment systems and increase the cell residence time in short hydraulic residence time.

Key words: Amoxicillin, Antibiotics, Biodegradation, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR)

200

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Synthesis of ion exchange resin based on Green-Graphene Nanosheet made from agricultural waste for nitrate removal Amir Hossein Mahvi 1, 2, 3, 4, Simin Nasseri1,2, Ramin Nabizadeh1, Seyede Solmaz Talebi5, nader yousefi1, Seid Kamal Ghadiri6* 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran 3Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran 4National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, shahroud University of Medical Sciences, shahroud, Iran 6Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, shahroud University of Medical Sciences, shahroud, Iran *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected], Tel.: +98 912 7428317 Abstract Green-Graphene Nanosheet (GGN) was prepared using wheat straw (as an agricultural waste) and converted to a weak base anionic exchanger. Anionic Green-Graphene Nanosheet (AGGN) structural characteristics and exchanger capacity for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were evaluated. The characteristics of the raw material, GGN and AGGN in different conditions were determined using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD; model: XD-5A), RAMAN spectra (Almega Thermo Nicolet Dispersive Raman Spectrometer fitted with a 785 nm laser source), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR, EQUINOX 55, Bruker, Germany), SEM and Zeiss-EM10C transmission electron microscope (TEM). The adsorption data obtained from experiments were in line with the Pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2=0.992) and Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.994). Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) for nitrate removal by anionic reduced graphene oxide was 163.4 mg/g at - 150 mgNO3 /L, and the nitrate adsorption condition was favorable. The findings showed that AGGN had a higher Qmax for nitrate uptake in comparison with some adsorbents such as bio-resource exchange resins and even commercial ion exchange resins. In addition, four repetitions of consecutive adsorption–regeneration cycles showed high desorption efficiency and minor decrease in initial adsorption capacity. Keywords: Nitrate removal; Anionic Green-Graphene Nanosheet, Isotherm, Kinetic.

201

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of Residual Concentration of Organochlorine, Organophosphorous and Carbamate Pesticides in Urban Drinking Water Networks of in 2018 Seyyed Bahman Aleseyyed *1, Hoseinali Norouzi 2, Lida Rafati 3, Mahdi Khodabakhshi 4, Seyyed Alireza Zafarmirmohammadi 5 1 Water and Wastewater Reference Laboratory, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 2 Department of Environment Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 3 Department of Environment Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 4 Department of Environment Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 5 Department of Environment Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] * Corresponding author: Seyyed Bahman Aleseyyed, [email protected], Tel: +989127518514, +988134238690 Abstract Background & Objective: Pollution of water resources with pesticides is one of the environmental problems and a serious threat to the communities and health. Since the quality of drinking water is important at the point of consumption, this study was carried out to determine the residual concentration of pesticides in urban drinking water networks of Hamadan province in 2018. Material and Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study. In order to investigate the residual concentration of organochlorine (lindane, methoxychlor and permethrin), organophosphorous (chlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathion) and carbamate (atrazine and alachlor) pesticides in drinking water networks of the province, a total of 46 samples from urban water distribution networks were taken based on standard methods in March 2016. After transferring the samples to the laboratory and performing the sample extraction and preparation, the extracts were analyzed by GC-ECD in according to the existing guidelines and standards and the results were analyzed using Excel software. Results: According to the results, the residues of lindane, methoxychlor, malathion, atrazine and alachlor were found in none of the samples. The maximum concentrations of permethrin and chlorpyrifos were 220 and 8.30 µg.L-1 respectively, related to the Serkan city, in the Tuyserkan county. The diazinon residue were observed only in 2 samples with concentrations of 0.13 and 0.12 µg.L-1 related to the Serkan and Farasfaj cities respectively in the Tuyserkan county the rest of the samples were devoid of diazinon. Conclusion: The results showed that the residues of studied pesticides, except than diazinon, in all samples were lower than the maximum allowed in the national standard and the WHO and EPA guidelines. The diazinon residue were found only in 2 samples, which are higher than the WHO and EPA guidelines, and there was no maximum allowed were observed in the national standard. In the absence of pesticides control, the probability of increasing the residual concentration of these pollutants in water and threatening the health of the Hamadan province population in the future will be. Keywords: pesticide, drinking water, Hamadan province, gas chromatography

202

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Subsurface Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal and Vertical Flow Fatemeh Karimi 1, Mohammad Mehdi Amin 2, Seyyed Ali Reza Momeni3, Hamide Ebrahimi4 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; [email protected] 2 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; [email protected] 3Department of Environment, Isfahan Industrial Estates Co., Isfahan, Iran;[email protected] 4Department of Water and Waste Management, Industrial Treatment Plant, Murcheh Khourat, Isfahan, Iran;[email protected] Abstract Introduction: There are several wastewater treatment systems that often have major problems, including high cost of construction, high energy consumption, complex operation and the need for sludge treatment and disposal. The use of constructed wetlands to remove contaminants due to the lack of external energy sources and chemicals is very cost effective. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of constructed wetlands in eliminating a group of pollutants with a greater focus on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Methods: In this study, two subsurface wetlands (one with horizontal flow and one with vertical flow) were designed in a pilot scale. The wastewater from Morcheh Khort industrial complex entered to the wetlands after biological treatment. The efficiency of removal of TSS, COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus in a 8-month period were investigated. Results: Comparison of the efficiency of removing vertical and horizontal wetlands showed that vertical wetland had a relatively higher efficiency in removal of pollutants (except for phosphorus). The removal efficiency of the TSS, COD, PO4, P2O5, TKN, NO3 and NH4 for horizontal wetland were 54.20%, 55.12%, 23.01%, 25.8%, 24.22%, 24.31% and 38.8% respectively And for vertical wetland were 58/59, 38/58, 20, 8/21, 14/25, 86/26 and 11/27, respectively. Conclusion: Although the statistical analyzes showed a significant difference in the input and output characteristics of the pilots, the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was relatively low. The use of subsurface wetlands, although cost-effective and easy-to-use, however use of them instead of advanced systems, requires further investigation. Keywords: constructed wetland, Horizontal flow, Vertical flow

203

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluating feasibility of advanced nitrogen and phosphor removal from outlet effluent of aerobic ponds using horizontal filtration with steel industrial slag NasimZarei1*, Afshin Takdastan2 1Environment Engineering Department, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran 2Environmental Technologies Research Center at Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran *Corresponding author:[email protected] Abstract It could be considered reuse of wastewater as an appropriate strategy in the improvement of water resources and the supply of required water. Coarse-grained filters with a horizontal flow at filtration rates of less than 1.5 lit/min have the acceptable potential to reduce suspended solids and microbial load of surface water. The present study was carried out in the form of an experimental and pilot-scale study with the general purpose of evaluating the performance of the steel industry slag as a coarse sandy grain filter with horizontal flow with three filtration rates of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 l/m2.min to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus in the outflow of sewage treatment in the stability pond of Susangerd Plant. The study was conducted for a period of six months. Initially, phosphorus and nitrogen values were measured in the sewage from the stability pond in each month. The sewage was then passed through a horizontal filtration slag containing three different flow rates (0.5, 1 and 1.5 l/m2.min) and the phosphorus and nitrogen were measured in the outlet water and the parameters were compared with their initial values. The results of analysis of variance showed that the filtration rate and time had significant effects on the improvement of some qualitative parameters of the filtered sewage. Also, the results of ANOVA showed that the interactions between treatments were significant at 1% level. In addition, between three flow rates, low load in all samples showed the highest removal efficiency compared to mean and high load. The results of this study showed that horizontal filtration method using the slag of steel industries is an efficient method for removing phosphorus and nitrogen of sewage. This method can be used for preliminary purification of sewage of stabilized pond. The results obtained from measurement of qualitative index of outlet water from pilot showed that treated wastewater could be used for irrigation of agricultural land. Keywords: Horizontal Filtration, Steel Slag, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal, Filtration Rate

204

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Phenol from Steel Wastewater by Combined Electrocoagulation with Photo-Fenton Mohammad Malakootian 1, Pouria karimi 2, Mohammad Ahmadian 3, Mohammad Reza Heidari4* 1 Professor, Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Email address: [email protected] 2 Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 3 Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Email address: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Email address: [email protected] Abstract Phenol and its derivatives are available in various industries such as refineries, coking plants, steel mills, drugs, pesticides, paints, plastics, explosives and herbicides industries. This substance is carcinogenic and highly toxic to humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal of phenol from wastewater of the steel industry using the Electro Coagulation - Photo Fenton (EC-PF) process. Phenol and COD removal efficiency were investigated using the parameterssuch as pH, Fe+2 /H2O2, reaction time and current density. The highest removal efficiency rates of phenol and COD were 100 and 98%, respectively, for real wastewater under optimal conditions of pH = 4, current density = 1.5 mA /cm2, Fe+2 / H2O2 = 1.5 and reaction time of 25 min. Combination of the two effective methods for the removal of phenol and COD, photocatalytic electrocoagulation photo- Fenton process was a suitable alternative to remove the organic pollutants in industry wastewater due to the low consumption of chemicals, absence of sludge and other side products, as well as, its high efficiency. Keywords: Electrocoagulation, Photo Fenton, Phenol, Steel plant

205

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Determination of nitrate removal by electrocoagulation process using alternating current Abstract Introduction: Surface and underground water sources are contaminated by nitrate entry from agricultural activities, leakage from septic tank systems, landfill lagoons and sewage treatment plants. One of the proven effects of increasing nitrate is the development of blue baby syndrome in infants or the Methemoglobinemia disease. The aim of this study was to use alternating current in the electrocagulation process to remove nitrate. Methods:The experiments were performed in pilot scale. The effective parameters including solution pH, the initial concentration of nitrate, total dissolved solids (TDS), contact time, current density were studied. Results: Based on the results of this study, maximum removal of nitrate were achieved at pH = 7 and contact time of 60 minutes and initial concentration of 70 mg / l 74.2%. Also, the maximum removal of the nitrate was 60 minutes and the flow rate of A / cm2 at pH = 7 and the initial concentration of 70 mg / l was 67.5%. Conclusion: The results showed that the Electrocoagulation process could remove the nitrate to less than Iranian standard limit. The solution pH, current density and contact time was showed the direct effect and initial concentration of nitrate depicted the reverse effect on nitrate removal efficiency. Keywords: Nitrate, Electrocoagulation, Alternating current

206

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of acute toxicity of effluents of industrial wastewater treatment plants of industrial towns of Gorgan city using biomonitoring Faezeh Ghelichi 1, Elaheh Alikhani 1, Yousef Dadban Shahamat 2, * 1 Environmental Health engineering, school of public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 2 Assistant Professor, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran *Corresponding author: Abstract Introduction and aims: The effective treatment of domestic and industrial sewage to maintain the quality of water bodies has a high importance. The quality of wastewater treatment effluent usually determined by parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, concentration of some special compounds and other parameters. but this method has many deficiencies, including lack of recognition synchronized effects and toxicity index. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in the industrial towns of Gorgan city using biomonitoring test. Methods and materials: Composite samples of raw sewage and industrial wastewater treatment plant of the city of Gorgan were refined. Then the acute toxicity unit and LC50 at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 with probit test in SPSS ver:22 was determined using Daphnia magna as a bio-andicator. The toxicity tests determined on two industrial WWTP in Bandar Gaz and Aq Qala cities. Results: Average values of BOD5 and COD parameters of treated wastewater in Industrial Town of Bandar Gaz, were 44 ± 4 and 28 ± 2 mg/L, respectively; With an LC50-96h influent and effluent of 0.8% and 47% vol respectively; With a TU of 12773 and 214, respectively. for Aq Qala Industrial Town COD 50 ±25 mg, with an LC50-96h influent and effluent of 0.8% and 39.9%, respectively; TU were measured 12159 and 251. Conclusion: The results showed that the removal of toxic wastewater treatment LC50-96h Aq Qala and Bandar Gaz were reduced. The acute toxicity of waste water treatment plants Aq Qala and BandarGaz after 96 hours also reduced. According to the classification of toxic substances on the basis of toxicity, effluent from the treatment plant was extremely toxic; therefore, necessary actions is essential to reduce toxicity in addition to observing the necessary parameters

Keywords: bioassay, Daphnia magna, LC50 ،TU, Gorgan Keywords: arsenic, aqueous solutions, activated carbon, adsorption, RSM

207

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of Catalytic Ozonation Performance Using Calcium Oxide in the Removal of Congo Red Textile Dye from Aqueous Solutions Bahram Kamarehie 1, Zahra Parvardeh 2, Hedieh Hassanvand 3

1 Assistant Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 2 Student of M.Sc. in Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University of Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 3 M.Sc. in Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 1 Corresponding author: Hedie Hassanvand; Email address: [email protected]

Abstract:

Today, the discharge of wastewater containing even with a small amount of artificial dyes due to the harmful effects on human health such as carcinogenic and mutagenic risks has become a serious issue. Recently, new techniques such as catalytic ozonation have been used to increase dye removal efficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal of Congo red dye from the aqueous solutions by using catalytic ozonation process. This laboratory study carried out on synthetic wastewater to assess the effects of factors such as pH (5, 7, and 9), reaction time (5, 10, 15, 30 min), concentration of dye (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg / l), and concentration of catalyst (2, 4, 6 g / l) in O3 dose of 0.5 g / h on the removal of Congo red dye. The results showed that by increasing pH and contact time, the removal efficiency of the Congo red dye is increased. Hence the highest removal rate was obtained at pH =9 and the time of 15 minutes, but the percentage of dye removal decreased with increasing the concentration of congo red dye. It was found that by increasing the dose of catalyst, removal efficiency increases and the appropriate amount of CaO was considered to be 4 g for achieving the maximum removal of dye. In addition, kinetic studies showed that the Congo red dye removal process using CaO/O3 follows the Pseudo- first order kinetic. According to the results of the present study, the catalytic ozonation process could be used as an effective process for the removal of Congo red dye in the textile industry wastewater or water contaminated with the dye.

Key words: catalytic ozonation, dye removal, Congo red, aqueous solution

208

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of the Efficiency of Hydrogen Peroxide in Removal of Sulfamethoxazole from Municipal Wastewater Effeluent Behjat Jabalbarezi *1, Hasan Aslani 2, Reza Dehghanzadeh Reyhani3 1 Master Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering / School of Health / Tabriz University of Medical Science / Tabriz / Iran; [email protected] 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering / School of Health / Tabriz University of Medical Science / Tabriz / Iran; [email protected] 3Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering / School of Health / Tabriz University of Medical Science / Tabriz / Iran * [email protected] Abstract The presence of compounds and drug residuals, such as antibiotics in the environment, especially water resources, is an important issue due to their stability and non-degradability. Recently Oxidation processes have attracted many attention due to their high strength in removing resistant compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide process in the removal of sulfamethoxazole antibiotics from Municipal Wastewater effluent samples. The effects of variables such as reaction time, hydrogen peroxide reactive concentration, antibiotic concentration, solution pH and kinetics of reaction were studied in a batch reactor with one liter useful volume in laboratory conditions. To measure antibiotics concentration, the samples were extracted by liquid-liquid method and were measured by HPLC. Removal efficiency increased by reducing pH, increasing remaining time, as well as increasing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. In this process, the highest removal efficiency was 31.18%, at pH =3, contact time of 60 minutes, and concentration of 1000 μg /l antibiotics. Also the kinetics of the reaction showed that the first-order reaction was more consistent with the desired process. Keywords: Oxidation, Hydrogen Peroxide, Antibiotic, Sulfamethoxazole, Wastewater effluent

209

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A review on the efficiency of the modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from the aqueous environment Arash Dalvand1, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush1, Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian1, Seyedeh Mahtab Pourmazar2* 1 Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Email address: [email protected], 2 Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Email address: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Seyedeh Mahtab Pourmazar Abstract The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water resources, such as humic acid, has been identified as one of the main problems in municipal water treatment plants. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles have gained special attention in water purification due to their unique characteristics such as non-toxic, high efficiency in removal of pollutants, easy separation from aqueous solutions and easy synthesis. In recent years, a lot of research has been conducted to improve the surface of these nanoparticles to increase their efficiency. This review summarizes the recent literatures on HA adsorption by modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles by various compounds that provides the beneficial information about the features of adsorbents (particle size, BET, and VSM), the effects of operational parameters, adsorption mechanisms, kinetic and thermodynamic were investigated. The results of the studies showed that modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles due to their nano size and magnetic properties, and advantages such as high dispersion, high reactivity and easy separation, were introduced as a suitable absorbent to remove natural organic matter from water. According to the observed results, adsorption of HA on the modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles was strongly pH dependent. The absorption of HA on modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in all cases followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and Langmuir isotherm model is more consistent compared to other isotherm models.

Keywords: Modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Adsorption, Natural Organic Matter, Humic acid

210

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of nitrate by cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles from aqueous solutions: Study of isotherm adsorption Ali Naghizadeh1, Maryam Davoodi2, Farahnaz Osmani3, Mohammad Kamranifar4, Fatemehsadat Masoudi5, Mohammad Reaza Nabavian6 1Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2Student Research Committee, Faculty of health, Department Environment Health Engineering, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3Student Research Committee, Department Environment Health Engineering, Faculty of health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 4 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Office of Research and Technology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 5MSc Student of Environment Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Faculty of health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 6 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Maryam Davoodi; Email address ([email protected])

Abstract Pollution of groundwater and surface water by nitrate is a serious problem in many parts of the world. If the concentration of nitrate in water is higher than the prescribed standards, it causes the diseases such as methemoglobinemia and the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. Nitrozamines cause kidney, liver, lung and bladder tumors, and nitroamides cause gastric tumors, the nervous system, the brain, the skin and the bone. Therefore, the removal of nitrate from contaminant water is important. The aim of this study was to Removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles that synthesized by co-precipitation method. In this study, after synthesizing cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles, their structural were characterized using SEM, FT-IR and VSM analyzes. The range of variations for other variables including pH, absorbent dose, contact time, nitrate concentration were 3-11, 0.2-0.8 g/L, 10-120 min, 50-200 mg/L, respectively. At the end of each experiment, the concentration of the remaining nitrate in the solution was measured using a spectrophotometer. Also, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms adsorption was studied. According to the SEM images, the size of the nanoparticles was about 65 nanometers. FTIR analysis indicated that cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles were properly synthesized. According to the results of the VSM analysis, the saturation magnetism was 42 emu/g. The obtained results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles for removal of nitrate in pH=3, adsorbent dosage of 0.2 g/L, contact time of 20 min and nitrate concentration of 200 mg/L was 99 mg/g. In addition, the data showed that this process was followed by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. But since the RL Langmuir isotherm was between 0 and 1, it showed that the adsorption process was more favorable than Langmuir isotherm. Keywords: Nitrate, Magnetic nanoparticles, Isotherm, Adsorption

211

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Modeling and Optimization of photocatalytic removal of antibiotic Tetracycline from aqueous solution using ZTO synthesized by hydrothermal process Samira taherkhani 1, Hossein Karimi2,3, Hamidreza pourzamani3,4 1 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 2 Student Research Committee , School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 4Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. *Corresponding author: Hossein Karimi, Email: [email protected] . Abstract Introducton: Among the different types of antibiotics, tetracycline antibiotics are the second most common group around the world that their entrance into domestic sewage can result in contamination of water sources. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the photocatalytic process on removal of tetracycline antibiotics from aqueous solutions.

Methods: Zinc acetanat (Zn2SnO4) was synthesized by hydrothermal process and proved with X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimization of photocatalytic removal process was performance by response surface modeling with the help of Minitab16 software. Results: The parameters of the initial concentration of the Tetracycline (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/L), the initial concentration of catalyst (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 g/L), pH (4/5, 6, 7.5, 9, 10.5) and time of the process (10, 40, 70, 100 and 130 minutes) were selected as the factors involved in response surface modeling procedure. Conditions for the initial concentration of the TC (X1), the initial concentration of catalyst (X2), pH

(X3) and the process time (X4) were obtained as 10 mg / L, 300 mg / L, 4.5, 100 min respectively. ANOVA high correlation coefficients for the proposed model was also obtained (adjusted-R2=0.945 and R2=0.897). Conclusion: In general, this method was able to remove tetracycline with an acceptable efficiency. Keywords: Zinc acetanat, antibiotic, tetracycline, modeling

212

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Efficiency of phenol Removal by using LECA Adsorbent from aqueous solutions Mohammad Hadi Dehghani 1, Reza Shokoohi 2, Salah Azizi *3, Fateme Taherkhani4, Azam Mobarkian4 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 3 Ph.D Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; ([email protected] ) 4 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering *Corresponding author: Salah Azizi Abstract Introduction: Phenol is one of the most common organic pollutants in industrial wastewater. Phenol by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's list of priority pollutants has been and the amount of water required is less than 0.5 µg/L. Leca is one of the new adsorbents that are used to treatment wastewater pollutants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Leca to adsorbent Phenol from aqueous solutions. Materials and methods: This is a fundamental study that was used to remove phenol from Leca granules. The experiments were carried out in a bath system. First, 1000 mg / L phenol solution was prepared by adding phenol to distilled water. The factors studied in this research included the amount of Leca adsorbent dose, contact time, initial pH of the aqueous solutions and the initial concentration of phenol. The amount of these factors was selected based on previous studies in the phenol absorption from aqueous solutions and tested. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.16 software. Results: The results of this study showed that Phenol adsorption at lower pH decreases with increasing pH, reducing the removal efficiency from 60% at pH 3 to 30% at pH 9. Also, the results showed that by increasing the contact time, the initial concentration of phenol and the modified Leca dose, the phenol removal efficiency also increased. Conclusions: The results of the experiments showed that the removal efficiency of phenol by adsorbent Leica was associated with increasing contact time, initial concentration of phenol and modified dose of Leca. Phenol adsorption is more consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model. Keywords: Phenol, Leca, Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions

213

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Trophic State Modeling in Dez Reservoir Using Support Vector Machines Mahsa, Moosakhaani* 1, Saeed Bashiri 2 1 Ph.D. Student of Environmental Engineering, College of Marine and Science, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2 Ph.D. Student of Crisis Management, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract In recent years with increasing of entering waste and wastewater from agricultural, urban and rural activities into reservoirs and decreasing of water levels due to increasing water consumption, Eutrophication occurrence in these water resources has intensified and the decrease their water quality is probable. In this regard, the Dez reservoir in southwestern Iran as one of the largest and most important dams, which plays an important role in supplying the water needs of Khuzestan province, is affected by this phenomenon. In fact, in absence of efficient management in existing conditions, would face serious problems in the future. Therefore, patterns recognition of this phenomenon in order to identify and predict the conditions in this dam, can lead to improvement in the quality management of these watersheds. Therefore, in this research, support vector machines as one of the smart learning methods were used to modeling this phenomenon. The results of this study showed this method as a new tool in qualitative modeling of reservoirs has high ability to learn and generalize as well as training the complexity of relationships between components in a model and has reliable response substantial presentation. Based on the results, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a were introduced as the most effective parameters in the study of Eutrophication conditions in this reservoir. Therefore, if there is a limit to measuring of all parameters affecting the Eutrophication status of reservoirs, we could estimate the Eutrophication index with the acceptable percentage of error by measuring these parameters. Also, the findings of this study showed support vector machines, in addition to learn the Eutrophication change, could well predict the effect of decreasing or increasing nutrient input scenarios. Based on the findings, the total phosphorus parameter was introduced as the most important factor in creating an Eutrophication phenomenon in a way that changes in total phosphorus in the reservoir of this dam can be used as a model for providing management solutions and caused improvement in conditions of this reservoir. Keywords: Eutrophication, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Modified Trophic State Index, Dez reservoir

214

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Synthesis and evaluation of iron-zirconium/chitosan magnetic nanocomposite for adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solutions Maryam Khodadadi 1, Negin Nasseh 2, Fatemeh Akbari 3 , Maryam khorashadi Zadeh4 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2 Young Researchers and Elites club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 4BSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Health department, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, iran; ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Fatemeh Akbari Abstract Background: Water pollution is a major environmental problem. Especially considering that many pollutants enter the water resources as a result of urbanization and industrialization. Natural organic substances, including acidophilic, are one of the issues that affect water absorption through increasing the amount of coagulant and disinfectants, resulting in the production of complex materials and increased rejuvenation in distribution systems, as well as adjacent to detergent products. A major problem for water distribution systems and industrial water sources is considered. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the efficiency of iron-zirconium / chitosan magnetic nanocomposite to remove humic acid from aquatic environments. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on a laboratory scale. Nanocomposite synthesis was carried out by sedimentation method and SEM, FTIR, XRD and VSM methods were used to study the adsorbent properties. The effects of various variables such as initial pH (3-11), contact time (0-120 min), initial concentration of contaminants (10-50 mg /L), absorbent dose (0.4-2 g /L) and temperature (15-35 ° C) were evaluated in a discontinuous system, and the concentration of residual acidity was measured by spectrophotometer apparatus at 254 nm wavelength and analyzed by Excel 2016 software. Results: The results of this study showed that the highest removal efficiency of humic acid in pH 5 was 100%. Also, the higher the absorbent dose lead to the greater the absorption efficiency. The increase in the concentration results in reduced removal efficiency and equilibrium capacity. The absorption process corresponds to the Freundlich isotherm and also following the pseudo-second order kinetics. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was found that synthesized absorbent has high ability to remove humic acid and can be used as an affordable and inexpensive adsorbent. Keywords: Magnetic Nanocomposite, Iron - Zirconium / Chitosan, Adsorption, Humic Acid

215

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Magnetic adsorption/pre-concentration of Nitrobenzene using Fe3O4@GO nanocomposite: Process modeling, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic Ali Azari 1,2, Mahdi Salari 3, Mohammad Darvishmotevalli 4, Maryam Heydari 5, Leila Kazemizad 1, Mostafa Hadei 1, Mojtaba Yegane Badi 6 1 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. 4 Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 5 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author: Ali Azari Abstract: Background and purpose: Nitrobenzene removal from aqueous solution is inevitable due to its cancer risk and mutagenic effects. Study of magnetic graphene oxide ability for nitrobenzene adsorption, optimization of sorption process and determination of isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are objectives of the present study. Materials and methods: Co-precipitation method was used to synthesis of the studied adsorbent. All experiments carried out in batch condition. The effect of parameters on adsorption process were investigated by experimental design software based on response surface method. Thermodynamic variables were determined by Arrhenius relationship and adsorption isotherm by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models and kinetics of process with pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra particle diffusion models. Results: Maximum capacity and efficiency of nitrobenzene adsorption by magnetic graphene oxide in optimized condition was obtained 73.24 mg/g and 95.41%, respectively. Among the parameters, the negative impact of pH and pollutant concentrations and positive effect of temperature and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process efficiency were proved. The pH was the most effective parameters on adsorption of nitrobenzene. The data of experiment fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. Thermodynamic study revealed the spontaneous and endothermic features of nitrobenzene absorption. Conclusion: In this study magnetic graphene oxide was introduced as a good choice for the adsorption and extraction of nitrobenzene due to the proper adsorption capacity and quick and easy separation from samples. Keywords: Graphene oxide, Magnetic separation, Response surface method, Nitrobenzene, Optimization.

216

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Application of artificial neural network–genetic algorithm in prediction and optimization of catalytic degradation process: 2- Chlorophenol removal using ultrasound-Fe3O4@TiO2 hybrid system Ali Azari 1,2, Mostafa Hadei 1, Leila Kazemizad 1, Maryam Heydari 3, Mohammad Darvishmotevalli 4, Mahdi Salari 5, Sina dobaradaran 6, Mojtaba Yegane Badi 7 1 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4 Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 5 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. 3 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran. 6 PhD of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 7 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author: Sina dobaradaran Background and Objective: The removal of 2-chlorophenol from Aqueous solution is considered due to its adverse effects on human and the environment at low concentrations. The ability of ultrasound-catalyst hybrid system in degradation of 2-chlorophenol, prediction and optimization of the effective parameters in degradation were the objectives of the present study. Materials and methods: In the present study, the Fe3O4 @ TiO2 catalyst was synthesized in nano dimensions. The performance of the M-TiO2-US system in pollutant removal were investigated and predicted using the CCD method in MATLAB software and optimized by Genetic Algorithm. The kinetics of the process, intermediate products and the reusability of the catalyst were determined in optimized conditions. Results: The results indicated that pH = 4.413 in catalyst = 0.733 g/L, flux concentration = 2.549 mg/L, ultrasound wavelength = 44.605 W/L have the best efficiency (97.776). pH was the most effective parameter for the degradation of 2-chlorophenol. Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were considered as the main cause of 2-chlorophenol degradation. Catalyst stability was investigated in 5 replicates and verified. Intermediate products were identified by the GC-MS and the possible pathway of degradation was proposed. The reduction in TOC obtained 60%. Conclusion: The overall results show that the M-TiO2 and US hybrid system indicated promising performance in degradation of 2-chlorophenol and exhibited the ability to be used on larger scales. Keywords: M-TiO2 composite, heterogeneous catalyst, 2-chlorophenol, ultrasonic irradiation, degradation mechanism

217

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Synthesis and evaluation of iron-zirconium/chitosan magnetic nanocomposite for adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solutions Maryam Khodadadi 1, Negin Nasseh 2, Fatemeh Akbari 3 , Maryam khorashadi Zadeh4 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2 Young Researchers and Elites club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 4BSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Health department, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, iran; ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Fatemeh Akbari Abstract Background: Water pollution is a major environmental problem. Especially considering that many pollutants enter the water resources as a result of urbanization and industrialization. Natural organic substances, including acidophilic, are one of the issues that affect water absorption through increasing the amount of coagulant and disinfectants, resulting in the production of complex materials and increased rejuvenation in distribution systems, as well as adjacent to detergent products. A major problem for water distribution systems and industrial water sources is considered. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the efficiency of iron-zirconium / chitosan magnetic nanocomposite to remove humic acid from aquatic environments. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on a laboratory scale. Nanocomposite synthesis was carried out by sedimentation method and SEM, FTIR, XRD and VSM methods were used to study the adsorbent properties. The effects of various variables such as initial pH (3-11), contact time (0-120 min), initial concentration of contaminants (10-50 mg /L), absorbent dose (0.4-2 g /L) and temperature (15-35 ° C) were evaluated in a discontinuous system, and the concentration of residual acidity was measured by spectrophotometer apparatus at 254 nm wavelength and analyzed by Excel 2016 software. Results: The results of this study showed that the highest removal efficiency of humic acid in pH 5 was 100%. Also, the higher the absorbent dose lead to the greater the absorption efficiency. The increase in the concentration results in reduced removal efficiency and equilibrium capacity. The absorption process corresponds to the Freundlich isotherm and also following the pseudo-second order kinetics. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was found that synthesized absorbent has high ability to remove humic acid and can be used as an affordable and inexpensive adsorbent. Keywords: Magnetic Nanocomposite, Iron - Zirconium / Chitosan, Adsorption, Humic Acid

218

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Magnetic adsorption/pre-concentration of Nitrobenzene using Fe3O4@GO nanocomposite: Process modeling, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic Ali Azari 1,2, Mahdi Salari 3, Mohammad Darvishmotevalli 4, Maryam Heydari 5, Leila Kazemizad 1, Mostafa Hadei 1, Mojtaba Yegane Badi 6 1 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. 4 Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 5 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author: Ali Azari Abstract: Background and purpose: Nitrobenzene removal from aqueous solution is inevitable due to its cancer risk and mutagenic effects. Study of magnetic graphene oxide ability for nitrobenzene adsorption, optimization of sorption process and determination of isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are objectives of the present study. Materials and methods: Co-precipitation method was used to synthesis of the studied adsorbent. All experiments carried out in batch condition. The effect of parameters on adsorption process were investigated by experimental design software based on response surface method. Thermodynamic variables were determined by Arrhenius relationship and adsorption isotherm by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models and kinetics of process with pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra particle diffusion models. Results: Maximum capacity and efficiency of nitrobenzene adsorption by magnetic graphene oxide in optimized condition was obtained 73.24 mg/g and 95.41%, respectively. Among the parameters, the negative impact of pH and pollutant concentrations and positive effect of temperature and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process efficiency were proved. The pH was the most effective parameters on adsorption of nitrobenzene. The data of experiment fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. Thermodynamic study revealed the spontaneous and endothermic features of nitrobenzene absorption. Conclusion: In this study magnetic graphene oxide was introduced as a good choice for the adsorption and extraction of nitrobenzene due to the proper adsorption capacity and quick and easy separation from samples. Keywords: Graphene oxide, Magnetic separation, Response surface method, Nitrobenzene, Optimization.

219

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Application of artificial neural network–genetic algorithm in prediction and optimization of catalytic degradation process: 2- Chlorophenol removal using ultrasound-Fe3O4@TiO2 hybrid system Ali Azari 1,2, Mostafa Hadei 1, Leila Kazemizad 1, Maryam Heydari 3, Mohammad Darvishmotevalli 4, Mahdi Salari 5, Sina dobaradaran 6, Mojtaba Yegane Badi 7 1 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4 Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 5 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. 3 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran. 6 PhD of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 7 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author: Sina dobaradaran Background and Objective: The removal of 2-chlorophenol from Aqueous solution is considered due to its adverse effects on human and the environment at low concentrations. The ability of ultrasound-catalyst hybrid system in degradation of 2-chlorophenol, prediction and optimization of the effective parameters in degradation were the objectives of the present study. Materials and methods: In the present study, the Fe3O4 @ TiO2 catalyst was synthesized in nano dimensions. The performance of the M-TiO2-US system in pollutant removal were investigated and predicted using the CCD method in MATLAB software and optimized by Genetic Algorithm. The kinetics of the process, intermediate products and the reusability of the catalyst were determined in optimized conditions. Results: The results indicated that pH = 4.413 in catalyst = 0.733 g/L, flux concentration = 2.549 mg/L, ultrasound wavelength = 44.605 W/L have the best efficiency (97.776). pH was the most effective parameter for the degradation of 2-chlorophenol. Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were considered as the main cause of 2-chlorophenol degradation. Catalyst stability was investigated in 5 replicates and verified. Intermediate products were identified by the GC-MS and the possible pathway of degradation was proposed. The reduction in TOC obtained 60%. Conclusion: The overall results show that the M-TiO2 and US hybrid system indicated promising performance in degradation of 2-chlorophenol and exhibited the ability to be used on larger scales. Keywords: M-TiO2 composite, heterogeneous catalyst, 2-chlorophenol, ultrasonic irradiation, degradation mechanism

220

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Antibiotics removal by catalytic ozonation advanced oxidation process from aqueous solutions Hakimeh Mahdizadeh 1, Mohammad Malakootian*2,3, Majid Amiri Gharaghani 4, Alireza Nasiri 5 1 Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Email: [email protected] 2 Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Email: [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Email: [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health, Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Email: [email protected] 5 Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mohammad Malakootian, Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Email: [email protected]. Tel. +98 343 132 5128, Fax: +98 343 132 5105. Abstract Drugs and antibiotics such as metronidazole and ciprofloxacin are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections that caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and due to the undesirable effects including drug resistance in humans and animals, effects on non-target pathogens, structural changes of Algae in water sources, interfere with the photosynthesis of plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the catalytic ozonation advanced oxidation process in the removal of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin antibiotics from aqueous solutions. As well as, to determine the effect of effective parameters on the oxidation process, including effect of the initial concentration of antibiotics, ozone concentration, initial solution pH and contact time. The highest removal efficiency of metronidazole antibiotics was achieved 94% at optimal conditions including pH: 10, ozone concentration: 4 L/min, initial concentration of metronidazole: 10 mg/L and contact time of 60 minutes. The maximum removal efficiency of ciprofloxacin obtained in the same conditions as metronidazole, including pH: 11, ozone concentration: 4 L/min, initial concentration of ciprofloxacin: 10 mg/L at 60 minutes (97%). Therefore, the catalytic ozonation process, as an advanced oxidation process, is capable to remove drug compounds with high efficiency and is recommended and applicable. Keywords: Antibiotic, Advanced oxidation, Catalytic ozonation

221

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and loaded on activated carbon as new adsorbent for removal of acid black 5 from aqueous solution: Kinetic and isotherm study Yousef Rashtbari1,2, Shirin Afshin1,2, Yousef Poureshgh1, Asghar Hamzezade1,2, Mehdi Fazlzadeh1,* 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical science/Ardabil, Iran; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Students Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran  Corresponding Author; Mehdi Fazlzadeh; [email protected] Abstract Aim of study: Effluents containing synthetic dyes are hazardous to ecological systems and public health. Adsorption process is one of the treatment methods that has been attracted much attention in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to survey the feasibility of using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles stabilized on activated carbon to the Acid Black 5 dye adsorption from synthetic wastewater. Methodology: The study was conducted in the batch system. The stabilization of the Nanoparticles on the adsorbent, in order to increase the sorption properties, was carried out by floating method. The effect of various parameters including the pH, contact time, dye concentration and adsorbent dose was studied on the adsorption. As well as, the reaction kinetics and adsorption isotherm were studied. Results: We found that the adsorption capacities of AC-ZnO increased when pH and adsorbent dose decreased. But the removal efficiency decreased by increasing dye concentration. The optimum conditions for Reactive Bleak 5 (100 mg/l), composite dose of 1.5 g/L, reaction time of 45 minutes and pH 3 was 73.33%. The removal of dye using AC-ZnO was in compliance with Freundlich isotherm model (R2= 0.9656). Also, the equilibrium adsorption data fitted with pseudo-second order kinetic. Conclusion: The study showed that activated carbon modified with ZnO nanoparticles can be used as an effective method to remove Methylene blue dye in the aqueous solutions. Keywords: Adsorption, ZnO Nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Powdered activated carbon, Acid Black 5

222

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Coated on Activated Carbon Made from Mango Seed in Removing Acid Black 1 from Aqueous Solutions Abdollah Dargahi1, Mohammad Reza Samarghandi2, Bagher Hayati*3, Ghobad Ahmadidoost4, Ali Akbar Shekarchi5, Abolfazl Bagheri5 1 Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 2 Research Center for Health Sciences and Dep. Environmental Engineering School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 3 Department of Environmental Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran. 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Background: Discharge of industrial wastewater to the environment has harmful effects. Textile industry is one of the industries that burdens pollutants to the environment. So the wastewater of these industries must be treated before discharging into the environment. Various methods for removing industrial pollutants have been investigated. Among them, advanced oxidation processes have attracted much attention due to their ease of use, economic efficiency, and high performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the photocatalytic role of ZnO nanoparticles coated on activated carbon made from mango seed as an advanced oxidation process in removal of Acid Black 1 from aqueous solutions. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was performed in a 1 Liter batch reactor. In this process, effect of initial pH (3-9), initial concentration of Acid Black (20-200 mg/L), modified photocatalyst concentration (20-100 mg/L) and reaction time (5-30 min) were investigated. The reactor contained of a 55-watt low-pressure mercury lamp inside a steel chamber. Results: The results showed that in this study the max removal efficiency of Acid Black 1 at pH = 3, contact time of 30 min, initial concentration of “Acid Black 1” 100 mg/L and modified photocatalyst concentration of 0.1 g/L, was equal to 95%. Conclusion: This process had a high efficiency for Acid Black 1 Removal and it can be used to reduce the dye concentrations in textile wastewater before final discharge to the environment. Due to the lack of sludge and waste production, this environmental friendly process showed a remarkable potential for the purification of industrial effluents. Keywords: Photocatalytic, Acid Black 1, Synthetic Activated Carbon, Zinc Oxide, Aqueous Solutions

223

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Optimization of Adsorption conditions of dye on low-cost adsorbent using Response Surface Methodology Shirin Afshin1,2, Mohsen Haghighi3, Yousef Rashtbari1,2, S.Ahmad Mokhtari1, 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical science/Ardabil, Iran; [email protected], [email protected] 2 Students Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences/Kashan, Iran; [email protected]  Corresponding Author; S.Ahmad Mokhtari; [email protected] Abstract Aim of study: The main environmental pollutants that are found in many different industries, such as textiles are dyes. These dyes by entering the waters can cause toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenesis in humans and aquatic species. Therefore, in this study Response Surface Method (RSM) was used to investigate the operational parameters and determine the optimum conditions for removal of acid blue 113 in the presence of bentonite. Methodology: To evaluate the removal of acid blue 113 using the bentonite, the surface response method (RSM) was used based on the central composite design (CCD). The structure and morphology of bentonite adsorbent were determined by XRD, FESEM and XRF techniques. The effective parameters in the process such as: reaction time, initial pH, adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of dye were measured at three levels. Isotherm (Langmuir and Freundlich) and kinetic (pseudo first and second order) adsorption models were used for the analysis of this process. Results: The results of Physico chemical analysis confirmed the structure of bentonite. The proposed model 2 2 (Quadratic) with high correlation coefficient (R =0.9729 and R Adj=0.92497) indicated that the experimental and predicted results were very consistent with the model. Finally, under optimal conditions (initial dye concentration=32.31 mg/L, absorbent dose=0.53 g/L, reaction time= 82.98 min and pH=3.6) the removal efficiency was 98.62% with a desirability of 0.945 for acid blue 113. The results indicated adsorption process follows Freundlich isotherm (0.9216) and pseudo-second-order kinetic model (0.9985). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that natural bentonite adsorbent has high ability in removal of acid blue 113. In addition, the central composite design can be used as an effective method to optimize dye adsorption from industrial wastewater containing high concentrations of dye. Keywords: Adsorption, Bentonite Mineral clay, Acid blue 113, Response Surface Methodology, Isotherm and Kinetic

224

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Use of chemical activation method for the preparation of activated carbon from cherry tree waste and its application in removing cationic contaminants from aqueous environments Roya Askari1, 2, Yousef Rashtbari1, 2, Shirin Afshin1, 2, Faezeh Mohammadi1, 2, Amir Moharrami1, 2, Mehdi Vosoughi2*

1 Students Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], amirmoharrami77 @gmail.com

2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

Corresponding author: Mehdi Vosoughi; [email protected]

Abstract

Aim of study: Synthetic dyes are the major environmental pollutants that enter the environment. The synthetic dyes can cause problems for humans and aquatic organisms due to toxicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, activated carbon made from cherry tree wood was used to adsorption of cationic paint.

Methodology: This experimental study was carried out in a laboratory scale. The effect of pH, concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature on removal efficacy were examined. SEM, BET, XRD and FTIR spectra were used to characterize the synthesized absorbent nature. The remaining dye concentration was detected by using a spectrophotometer at wavelength of 514 nm. The obtained data were analyzed using isotherm and kinetic models.

Results: The results of this study showed that the efficiency of dye removal increases with increasing contact time, temperature and pH while decreases with increasing initial concentration of dye. Optimum conditions of the experiment were obtained for removal of cationic red 14 at pH = 11, 45 minutes, dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and adsorption dose of 0.25 g/l. According to the results, cationic red14 followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second model with (R2 = 0.9972) and (R2 = 0.9947), respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that activated carbon derived from Cherry tree can be used as an effective adsorbent for removal of cationic red 14 from industrial wastewater containing high concentration of color.

Keywords: Cationic Red 14, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Isotherms, Kinetics

225

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of basic violet 16 (BV16) dye from aqueous solution using adsorption on Fe3O4 Nano sized magnetic zeolite 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,* Afsane Peyghami , Shirin Afshin , Yousef Rashtbari , Mehdi Vosoughi 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran 2 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran; ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ) Abstract Aim of study: At the present time, increasing of industrial activities and subsequently discharging the effluent of industrial wastewater into aquatic environments can cause several problems. Adsorption is one of the most effective methods for removal of dye. The aim of this study was to remove the violet 16 (BV16) dye from aqueous solution using adsorption on Fe3O4 Nano sized magnetic zeolite. Methodology: In this study, the effect of several parameters such as initial concentration of dye, initial pH of the solution, adsorption dose and contact time were investigated on the adsorption process. The remaining dye concentration was detected using a spectrophotometer device at wavelength of 545 nm. Physical, surface and magnetic properties of the adsorbent were analyzed using the VSM technique. Adsorption data were described using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and reaction kinetics models. Results: The results showed that by increasing the contact time and the adsorbent dose the removal of dye increased. According to the results, with decreasing the initial concentration of dye the efficiency of removal increased. The results also showed that, with increasing pH, the efficiency of removal process was linearly increased and optimum pH for removal of BV16 was determined (pH 7). The results showed that the adsorption of dye on this adsorbent followed the Freundlich isotherm (R=0.99). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that magnetite zeolite can be used as an effective absorbent for removal of the violet 16 dye in aqueous solutions.

Keyword: Basic violet 16, Zeolite, Fe3O4 nanoparticle, Kinetics *Correspondence to: Mehdi Vosoughi; [email protected]

226

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The efficiency of activated carbon prepared from beech tree be magnetized nanoparticles by Fe3O4 to remove Cephalexin from aqueous solution: Isotherm and kinetic's study of adsorption process Amir Moharrami1,2, Shirin Afshin1, 2 , Yousef Rashtbary1, 2, , Faezeh Mohammadi1,2, Roya Askari1,2, Mehdi Vosoughi, *1 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] 2 Students Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, IranCorresponding author: Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. [email protected]

Abstract Objectives: In the recent years, antibiotics have been introduced as new pollutants in water. The discharge of antibiotics has led to hazardous and serious effects on human health. Activated carbon with high especial porosity has been widely used as an adsorbent for contaminants. The objectiveof this study was to prepare activated carbon by Fe3O4 and evaluate its efficiency on the removal of cefalexin antibiotic from aqueous solution. Methodology: The Physical and structural characteristics of adsorbents were analyzed by using FESEM, VSM techniques. In order to determine the adsorption parameters, isotherms and kinetics models were used. The effects of some parameters such as pH, absorbent dose, initial concentration of cephalexin and contact time were studied. Results: The results showed that the optimum conditions for absorption process were pH =3, contact time 30 min, absorbent dose 2 g/l. Isotherm data showed that the process followed both kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models with the regression coefficient of 0.9216 and 0.9996, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the magnetized activated carbon, in addition to easy separation of magnets has been very effective in adsorption and removal of cephalexin from aqueous solution. Therefore, activated carbon can be used to remove contaminants from the aquatic environment Keywords: cephalexin, activated carbon, adsorption, isotherm, nanoparticles, Fe3O4

227

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Reactive dye from aqueous Solutions by filamintos algae Faezeh Mohammadi1, 2Shirin Afshin1, 2 ,Yousef Rashtbari1, 2, Roya Askari1, 2, Amir Moharrami1, 2, Mehdi Vosoughi2*

1 Students Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran;, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

Corresponding author: Mehdi Vosoughi; [email protected] Abstract Aim of study: Colors are complex structural materials, which enter into the environment due to discharging of textiles effluent from dyeing and printing process. Reactive Blue 52 dye is used widely in the textile industry. Therefore, we investigated the efficiency of the filamentous alga as natural adsorbent in the removal of Reactive Blue 52 dye from textile wastewater.

Methodology: This experimental study was performed in laboratory scale. In this study, the effect of adsorbent dose, contact time, pH and different dye concentrations on efficiency of adsorption process were studied. Finally, data fitting rate into Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics were determined to analysis the data of liner regression and R2.

Results: According to the obtained results, increasing of adsorbent dose to 16 g/100 ml in concentrations of 50 mg/l RB52 lead to an increase in the removal efficiency to 58.04%. Adsorption capacity by increasing pH from 3 to 11 for concentrations of 10 and 25 mg/l decreased from 31.2 to 8.41 %, respectively. The results showed that with the increase of contact time, removal efficiency increased and with increasing of initial dye concentration, the removal efficiency decreased.

Conclusion: The data fitted well into Langmuir isotherm. As well as, pseudo-second-order and kinetic model fitted well with the experimental data. The results showed that filamentous algae is a suitable natural absorbent for color removal.

228

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Keywords: Reactive Blue 52 dye, Natural absorbent, filamentous Alga, Adsorption, Textile wastewater

229

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol by UV/H2O2/ZnO process in aqueous solution Dianati Tilaki R.M1,Zazouli M.A1, ,Alamgholilu M*2 1. Associate Professor ,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2*. MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari,Iran Email address: [email protected] Abstract Background: Removal of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous phase continues to be an important environmental issue. advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) constitute a collection of established treatment technologies which rely on the formation of hydroxyl radical to effect the destruction of emergency pollutants. In this paper, the photochemical oxidation of 4-chlrophenol in aqueous solution in a batch reactor using ultraviolet irradiation, hydrogen peroxide and zinc oxide was studied

Materials and Methods: Photochemical oxidation was performed in a batch reactor containing UV lamp (254 nm) and cooling system. The efficiency of the system was evaluated with respect to reaction time, pH, feed concentration of reactants and catalyst load. The concentration of 4- cp was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total organic carbon was measured via TOC analyzer. To determine the conversion rate of 4-chlorophenol to carbon dioxide (mineralization process), the TOC of solution was measured by using TOC analyzer.

Results: The result showed optimum condition ( 4-CP removal (98.2%) at 90 min) was obtained at the pH range from a neutral to alkalin. 2 mmol/l H2O2(30%), And 0.25 g/L ZnO oxide. However, pH effect was not significant in 7-11 range. The 4-CP transformation was consistent first – order kinetics model.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the UV/H2O2/ZnO process is a novel and effective method for the degradation of 4-CP from aqueous phase and recommended as a promising technique for 4-CP degradation. Although more time was required to completely mineralize 4-CP into water and carbon dioxide.

Keywords: 4-cholorophenol, uv light, ZnO oxide, Degradation rate.

230

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A study of the Acanthamoeba species in ponds water of parks in Mashhad city Shiva Ghaderifar1, Ali asghar Najafpoor*2, Hossein Zarrinfar3, Elahe Ahmadi4, Ali Sheibani5 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 2Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 3 Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 5 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Ali asghar Najafpoor, Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Introcuction: Acanthamoeba species are widespread free-living amoebas and are found worldwide in water. These species can cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) and, can affect skin and lungs and may lead to death in high-risk individuals. The aim of this study was to survey the Acanthamoeba species in ponds water of parks in Mashhad city during 2015. Methods: Ninety samples were collected from the ponds water of parks during August to December 2015. The physicochemical factors in water (such as temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and Turbidity) were measured at the sampling site. The water samples were filtered through nitrocellulose membranes then, they were cultured on non-notrient agar enriched with Escherichia coli. PCR assay was conducted on the culture-positive samples and then the PCR products were sequenced. The statistical analysis was done by the SPSS software. Results: 19 samples of 90 were examined which were found contaminated by Acanthamoeba spp. In fact, the prevalence in ponds water of parks in Mashhad city was 21.1%. The sequencing indicated that Acanthamoeba isolates belonged to T4 genotype. The statistical analysis of results showed there was not any significant relationship between physicochemical factors and the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. Conclusion: Due to contamination of water and exposure to it especially by children, there should be effective measures to eliminate or control Acanthamoeba species. To identify the amoeba more precisely, PCR method can also be used. Keywords: Acanthamoeba, Ponds water, Parks, Mashhad

231

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of stability indices and Sodium absorption ratio by Neuro-fuzzy inference system Prediction: Case study Lordegan Majid Radfardb,a, Abooalfazl Azhdarpoora ,Mojtaba Gholamif , Hasan Hashemia Amir Hossein Mahvie, Abbas Abbasniac,d** Hamed Soleimanie* a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. b Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. c Student research committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Iran d Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Iran. e Department of Environmental Health, School of public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. f Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.

Abstract: According to World Health Organization guidelines, corrosion control is an important aspect of safe drinking- water supplies. Water always includes ingredients, dissolved gases and suspended materials. Although some of these water ingredients is indispensable for human beings, these elements more than permissible limits, could be endanger human health. The aim of this study is to assess physical and chemical parameters of drinking water in the rural areas of Lordegan city, also to determine corrosion indices. This cross-sectional study has carried out with 141 taken samples during 2017 with 13 parameters, which has been analyzed based on standard method and to estimate the water quality indices from groundwater using ANFIS. Also with regard to standard conditions, results of this paper are compared with Environmental Protection Agency and Iran national standards. Five indices, Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Langlier Saturation Index (LSI), Larson-Skold Index (LS), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI), and Aggressive Index (AI) programmed by using Microsoft Excel software. Owing to its simplicity, the program, can easily be used by researchers and operators. Parameters included Sulfate, Sodium, Chloride, and Electrical Conductivity respectively were 13.5, 28, 10.5, and 15 % more than standard level. The amount of Nitrate, in 98 % of cases were in permissible limits and about 2% were more than standard level. Result of presented research indicate that water is corrosive at 10.6%,89.4%,87.2%,59.6% and 14.9 % of drinking water supply reservoirs, according to LSI, RSI, PSI, LS and AI, respectively. Key words: Drinking water, Villages of Lordegan city, Stability index

232

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of chemical quality of bottled water in Mashhad, Iran

Majid RadFard a,b, Hamed Soleimanic , Mahmood Yousefic ,Amir Hossein Mahvic, Abooalfazl Azhdarpoora ,Abbas Abbasniad ,Samira Nabavic* a Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran b Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. c Department of Environmental Health, School of public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. d Department of Environmental Health, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Iran. *Corresponding Author: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +989123211827; Email: [email protected]; (S.Nabavi)

Abstract Many countries rely on alternative sources due to lack of water resources. In such countries, the consumption of bottled water is increasing. Continuous monitoring of the quality of this type of water is essential for maintaining public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical quality of bottled water in Mashhad city in 2016. In order to carry out this research, samples were taken from different seventeen brands, distributed in Mashhad city. Samples were collected in three individual bottles from each brand. Measurement of chemical parameters was performed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Statistically, there was a significant difference between the mean concentration of Potassium (Pvalue < 0.0001), Chloride (Pvalue= 0.005) and Nitrate (Pvalue=0.08) with water bottle label. The p-value < 5%, was considered as statistically significant. The achieved mean concentration for Potassium and Chloride was lower and for Nitrate was more than the mean indicated in the label. Based on the experiments, the mean value of the total dissolved solids(TDS), Iron(Fe), Sulfate(SO42-), Sodium(Na+), Chloride(Cl-), Nitrate(NO3- ) and Fluoride (F-) were (247 ± 132.8), (125.0 ± 0.13), (89.87 ± 7.37) 20.5), (25.53 ± 42.34), (17.58 ± 60.4), (3.55 ± 2.49) and (0.334 ± 0.277) mg/l, respectively. The mean value of total hardness, Calcium hardness, Magnesium hardness was (79.95 ± 5.93), (40.53 ± 32.6) (79.59 ± 119.29) mg/l as CaCO3, respectively. The results of the study showed that the hardness of the samples was measured to be 41% which was classified as soft water, 24% of moderately hard water and 35% of hard water. Keywords: Key Words: Bottled water, Chemical quality, Mashhad, Iran.

233

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Performance evaluation of UV/O3 Process degrading Methyl tert- butyl Ether (MTBE) in Aqueous Solutions Alighardashi M1* (MS.c), Kazemi F2 (PhD), Assadi A (phD) 3 1* Correspondent Author: Phd Student in Environmental health Engineering kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermansheh, Iran - [email protected] 2 Professor, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, gavazang, Zanjan, Iran - [email protected] 3 Associated Professor, Departmemt of Environmental Health Engineering, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran - [email protected]

Abstract Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) has a unique properties and replaced with tetra ethyl in gasoline. Since a large amount of this substance introduced to the environment especially ground water, in this study, the efficiency of UV/O3 process in removal of MTBE from aqueous solutions was investigated. In order to determine the process efficiency, initiated ozone concentration, pH, initial concentration of MTBE and irradiation time were studied. The UV irradiation source was a Low-pressure mercury vapor lamp 400w that was vertically immersed in the MTBE solution within glass cylindrical 2L volume reactor. The result showed that efficiency of ultra violet and ozonation in removing of MTBE in concentration of 50 mg/L and pH=7 were 4 and 53 %, respectively. The removal efficiency of combined UV/O3 process was 63 % after 60 min irradiation time. pH has important role in the performance of this process and along with the increase in the pH, the removal rate was increased. Optimum condition in removal of MTBE with 50 mg/L of ozone, pH=8 and 50 mg/L MTBE initial concentration at 60 min irradiation time was 63 %. The results of the present study showed that the efficiency of combined UV/O3 process were more than the UV and ozonation process.

Keywords: Advanced Oxidation, MTBE, UV/O3 process, OH radical

234

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation and Investigation of Advanced Oxidation System (Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Persulfate) in PAHs Contaminated Urban Sewage Sludge Treatment Mitra Gholami1, Mahdi Vosoghi niri2, Seyyed Ahmad Mokhtari2*

1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran * Corresponding author, email: [email protected]

Abstract This study has been carried out with the aim of evaluating treatability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds of PAHs available in urban and industrial sewage sludge utilizing advanced chemical oxidation method contingent on free sulfate radicals using hydrogen peroxide and heat activation methods. For this purpose, various parameters including (3, 5, 7, 9, & 10), persulfate’s concentration (2, 10, 5, 15 & 20 mmol), the ratio of peroxide to persulfate (1, 0.5, 0.3, 0.2 & 0.1), sludge temperature (25, 35, 45 & 55° C) and the primary concentration of PAHs were considered at the 20-day reaction periods. Through making use of GC-MS, after 40- minute period, the quality and quantity of the compounds available in the sample were determined using a mass detector and the drawn standards’ curve. After examining the effectiveness of eliminating PAHs compounds in various conditions, the chemical oxygen demand test (COD) was carried out for the samples related to optimal removal of PAHs compounds in order to determine the process’ real efficiency in eliminating intermediate compounds originated from PAHs oxidation. The results demonstrate that advanced chemical oxidation method (persulfate-peroxide) can effectively result in PAHs compounds’ elimination from the sludge. Keywords: sewage sludge, advanced oxidation, persulfate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

235

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Modification of activated carbon with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle composite for removal of ceftriaxone from aquatic solutions Hasan Pasalari1, Mojtaba Yegane Badi2, Ali Esrafili3, Ali Azari4 , Mahdi Farzadkia5 1 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author: Mahdi Farzadkia Background and purpose: The pharmaceutical wastewater containing antibiotic has attracted much attention all over the world due to its adverse effects on humans and the environment at even low concentrations. Conventional wastewater treatment methods are not capable to completely eliminate these pollutants. Therefore, this study was developed to investigate the ability of Chitosan modified with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle composite for removal of ceftriaxone from aquatic solutions with response surface methodology (RSM) technique. Materials and methods: A co-precipitation method was applied to synthesize Chitosan magnetized with Fe3O4 nanoparticle. The properties of Chitosan modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticle were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (RDF). The effects of influencing parameters (Contact time, pH, Temperature, Dosage and Initial concentration) on Ceftriaxon removal efficiency were analyzed with Box-Behenken and Anova analysis. Results: The results of present research indicated that the highest Ceftriaxone removal efficiency with Chitosan magnified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles occurred in optimum conditions ( pH = 3, contact time = 90 min, Dosage = 2 g/L, and Initial Ceftriaxone concentration = 10 mg/L). In addition, the results obtained from isotherm and Kinetic analyses indicated that experimental data were best fitted with Langmuier and Pseudo-second-order reactions, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and isothermic of experimental data. Conclusion: The overall results showed that the Chitosan magnified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles in optimum conditions (pH = 3, contact time = 90 min, Dosage = 2 g/L, and Initial Ceftriaxone concentration = 10 mg/L) has promising performance in degradation of Ceftriaxone from aquatic environment. Keywords: Adsorption, Chitosan, Zero-valent Fe, Ceftriaxone, RSM

236

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Application of Ozonation process in removal of Ceftazide from synthetic wastewater Mojtaba Yegane Badi1, Ali Esrafili2, Hasan Pasalari3, Hassan Pourmoslemi4, Mahdi Farzadkia5 1 MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3 PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4 MSc student of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author: Mahdi Farzadkia Background and purpose: Pharmaceutical wastewater containing antiobotics is considered as most great concern for both human and environment. Conventional wastewater treatment methods are not capable to completely eliminate antibiotics from wastewater. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the removal efficiency of Ozonation in Cefiazide from a synthetic wastewater environment. Materials and methods: This study was performed in laboratory and bench scale experiments. The effects of effective parameters including initial Ceftazid concentration (10-50 mg/L), pH (3-10) and contact time (0-90 min) on removal efficiency of Ceftazid by Ozonation were determined. The residual concentration of Ceftazid were ascertained by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The results of present research indicated that pH = 11 was the best and optimum condition for highest Ceftazid removal efficiency by Ozonation method. In addition, the removal efficiency increased by increasing the time and decreasing Ceftazid initial concentration. The experimental data were fitted well with Pseudo-first order reaction. Conclusion: Ozonation process can considerably remove Ceftazid from aquatic solution, therefore, it can be considered as a suitable process for the removal of antibiotics from sewage. Keywords: Ceftazid; Advanced oxidation process; Ozonation

237

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Environmental risk assessment in Waster water plants Mahsa Soltani 1,Ahad Sotoudeh2, Bahman Kiani3 Alireza Momeni4 1Msc Student, Environmental assessment, University of Yazd/ [email protected] 2Associate Professor, [email protected], University of Yazd 3Associate Professor,[email protected], University of Yazd 4Phd.student.Environmental/[email protected] Abstract Considering the lack of water resources and the reuse of wastewater and increasing the quality of water from sewage treatment plants, consideration of the process and the risks inherent in them is of particular importance. Therefore, by identifying and evaluating the risks and examining their causes, solutions can be developed for their elimination and reduction, and they help to improve their activity and save water resources. One of the effective methods for assessing environmental risks is the FMEA method, which prioritizes RPN risk determination and provides solutions for their management. Keywords: Wastewater plant, FMEA, Environmental Risk.

238

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of tetracycline in the Fenton-like process by pyrite nanoparticles derived from mine debris: characterization, mechanism and catalytic activity Khatere Akbarmojeni1, Ali Mashayekh-Salehi2, Kamyar Yaghmaeian1*, Aliakbar Roudbari3

1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.

3. Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.

* Correspondence to: Kamyar Yaghmaeian, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Heterogeneous Fenton-like process was used to degrade tetracycline as one of the emerging water contaminant. Tetracycline is widely administrated for clinical therapy and livestock industry because of some unique properties including its low price, high quality and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Pyrite nanoparticles were prepared by gathering pyrite debris from local mines, purified with ultrasonic and activated with nitric acid solution. Characterization of the prepared catalyst was investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD, XRF, BET, EDAX, size distribution and FTIR techniques. The effects of solution pH, catalyst dose, H2O2 concentration, initial tetracycline concentration, solution temperature and reaction time on the degradation of tetracycline was evaluated. The as-made catalyst was porous and uniform and had a semi spherical shape. TEM image and related histogram illustrated that about 77 percentage of nano particles were in the range of 12 to 20 nm. The maximum tetracycline destruction was attained at the natural tetracycline solution pH (4.1) and the main • involved mechanism was generation of OH radical species by H2O2/pyrite interaction. The as-made nanoparticles catalyst were stable and reusable for the tetracycline degradation. Keywords: antibiotic, emerging contaminant, pyrite, Fenton-like.

239

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Selection of wastewater treatment process based on the analytical hierarchy process in Zanjanrood catchment Taghilou Samaneh1, Peyda Mazyar1, Mehrasebi Mohammadreza1 1Department of environmental health engineering, School of public health, Zanjan University of medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Peyda Mazyar, [email protected] Abstract Introduction: During the last few decades due to continuous increasing demand, freshwater scarcity is becoming a threat to sustainable development of human society. On the other hand, rapid industrialization has led to discharge into environment a large volume of wastewater containing variety of pollutants. In this situation, the best strategy is wastewater treatment and its reuse. In this study wastewater generation in villages of Zanjanrood catchment was estimated and then the best wastewater treatment process was recommended. Material and Methods: Future population at the end of the project life was estimated using geometric growth rate formula. Also, based on the standards and existing rules; stabilization ponds, membrane bioreactor, activated sludge and aerated lagoons were preliminary designed. Then, capital and operation cost were calculated using national price list of construction, road and airport of 2016. Different alternatives based on technical and environmental considerations were assessed using analytical hierarchy process- pairwise comparison matrix and the index of quantities technical- environmental effects. Economic comparison was carried out by present worth method with four different interest rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 percent). At the end, the best alternative was selected based on the technical-environmental and economic assessments. Result: Population of rural complexes in beginning and the end of operation phase was 34795 and 39647 persons, respectively. Calculated length of sewer system in similar provinces in unit area was 135 m ha-1, length of sewer transmission line was 3 km and per capita of sewage network was 1 m p- 1. Average sewage flow of complexes were calculated in the beginning and the end of operation which were 1576 m3 d-1 and 3608 m3 d-1, respectively. The calculated total cost of stabilization ponds and aerated lagoon was 713.56 and 1062.29 milliard rails. From technical and environmental point of view, activated sludge and stabilization pond had +81 and +30 score, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that membrane bioreactor, economically and with considering technical and environmental concerns for wastewater treatment in rural area of the Zanjanrood catchment was the best alternative Keywords: Zanjan, treatment process, present worth, AHP, membrane bioreactor

240

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A review on utilization of Azolla in wastewater treatment Taghilou Samaneh1, Peyda Mazyar1*

1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, [email protected], 09308459016

ABSTRACT Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population in the last few decades have added massive loads of pollutants in the water resources. Conventional treatment methods for removing of these pollutants are not economical and generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. Therefore it is important to develop economic and ecofriendly methods for wastewater treatment. The major advantages of biosorption over conventional treatment methods include low cost, high efficiency, minimization of chemical or biological sludge. Aquatic macrophytes improve water quality by removing toxic materials, nutrients and heavy metals. Moreover, floating macrophytes have a very high growth rates with easily preservation. Therefore, this natural system has been suggest as a cost- benefit treatment method for polluted water. Azolla has a variety of utilization such as animal feed, human food, hydrogen fuel and biogas production, medicine, water polisher, and biofertilizer in paddy fields. It can remove pollutants such as fluoride, ammonium, Bisphenol-A, dye, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals from wastewater. In previous studies, effect of Azolla on removing one parameter investigated. There is not any review about all applications of it in wastewater treatment. This paper aims to give a thorough review of the most utilization of Azolla in wastewater treatment. Also in other studies, pointed to Azolla utilization for removing pollutant but in this study Azolla introduced as supplemental method for secondary treatment sewer. Keyword: Azolla, Aquaculture, Macrophyte, Biosorption, Wastewater treatment

241

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigating the Effect of pH on Physico-chemical Properties of Paper and pulp Recycling Industrial Wastewater Using Fungal Strains Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian 1, Abbasali Jafari Nadoushan 2, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush1, Zeinab Hosseini1* 1Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Email: [email protected], Email :[email protected] 2 Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Zeinab Hosseini; Email: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: The paper and pulp recycling industrial is a major industrial sector using lignocellulose raw materials and water in the production process; moreover, large quantities of wastewater are produced during this process. Bioremediation processes have been used as an economical and eco- friendly option for wastewater treatment in many industries. Recently, the use of microorganisms (fungi, yeasts, and bacteria) for industrial wastewater treatment has been proposed, among which fungi play a key role in wastewater treatment due to enzymatic diversity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of pH on physico-chemical properties of paper recycling industrial wastewater using fungal strains isolated from wastewater of the industry. Materials and Methods: At first, 1 ml of the wastewater sample was cultured on Sabrouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) for separating the wastewater degrading fungal species. Grown colonies were identified using morphological characteristics and microscopic examination. In this study, three fungi, including A. niger, A. Flavus, and P. digitatum were identified. A suspension containing 1×106 CFU/ml of fungal spore was separately obtained and the wastewater was prepared at 50% dilution and pH of 5, 7, and 9. Then, 10 ml of fungal spore suspension was inoculated to the samples and incubated for 10 days for color and COD decomposition. The results of this study were analyzed using Excel software. Results: According to the results of this study, in pH of 5 A. flavus fungus, in pH of 7 P. digitatum fungus, and in pH of 9 A. niger fungus had the highest color and COD removal efficiency. In this study, by decreasing pH from 9 to 5, the color and COD removal efficiency increased. Therefore, the highest color and COD removal efficiency was found to be 41.93 and 67.98% by A. flavus at pH of 5 for 10 days, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the high potential of fungal species in removal of color and COD from paper recycling industrial wastewater. Keywords: Wastewater, Bioremediation, COD, Color, Fungi, Cardboard Recycling industrial

242

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Survey of nitrate and fluoride levels in drinking water in rural areas of Gonabad and Bajistan Mehdi Qasemi 1, Ahmad Zarei2 , Mojtaba Afsharnia3, Hamed Biglari1, Mahmoud Taghavi2, Roghaye Hojjat panah4 1 MSc in Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 2 Assistant Prof. in Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 3Associat Prof. in Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 4 MSc Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The presence of some salts in water is essential for human health, while their excessive levels may endanger the health of the consumer. Fluoride is useful in human health and in excess of the standard causes some diseases, such as fluorosis. Nitrate are water sources ,mainly in relation to the districts of disposal of sewage and agricultural areas ,causing a disease of blue children. This study was conducted to purpose of fluoride and nitrate measuring in water resources of Gonabad and Bajestan villages and compare them with standard. In this descriptive and crosses- sectional study, 56 samples of rural area water resources of Gonabad and Bajestan cities were collected during in winter of 2017. Parameters of nitrate and fluoride were analyzed according to standard methods of water and wastewater examination and then results were compared to the WHO and national standards. The results of nitrate measuring showed that the minimum and maximum nitrate levels of samples were 1.8 and 84.3 mg/L respectively and the mean of 30 mg/l was observed. Data of fluoride observed that the maximum and minimum values were 2.2 and 0.176 mg/L respectively and mean 0.7 mg /L. According to the findings of this study, fluoride and nitrate levels of drinking water in most the studied water resources compared to national standards and the guidelines of drinking water of the World Health Organization have a desirable quality. Keywords: Nitrate, Fluoride, Drinking Water, Rural Areas

243

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Efficiency of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in Phenol removal from aquatic solution Hossein Kamani 1, Ayat hossein panahi 2, Somayeh Talebi 3, Mohamad Havangi4 1-Associated Prof., Dept. of Environmental Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran 2-MSc in Environmental Health, Assistance Research and Technology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, ، Birjand, Birjand, Iran (Corresponding Author) E-mail: [email protected] 3-MSc in Environmental Health, Student Research Committee, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Hamedan, Iran) E-mail:[email protected] 4- MSc in Environmental Health, Assistance Research and Technology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Birjand, Iran Abstract

Background and Objectives: Phenol is one of the most common organic pollutants. The presence of phenol in the environment causes health problems such as poisoning, carcinogenesis in humans and other organisms. Therefore, it must be removed for water. One of the effective method in removing contaminants is using of nanoparticles in absorption process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of magnesium oxide nanoparticles to remove phenol from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: In this research, magnesium oxide nanoparticles were used with mesh 38- nm. After the preparation of stock solution of phenol, effects of pH، (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11)، contact 44 time (10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min)، MgO dosage (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L) and its initial concentration (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l) were investigated. Results: Results indicated that the removal efficiency increased with increasing pH, contact time, MgO dosage to a certain range and decreasing initial concentration. The removal efficiency were 82% at pH 11, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, MgO dose 80 mg/l and contact time 60 min. It was found that adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics model and a Langmuir isotherm model respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the magnesium oxide nanoparticles have the ability to remove the phenol and can be used effectively in removing phenol from aqueous solution Key word: Adsorption, Phenol, Nano practical MgO, Aqueous solution

244

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Paper Efficiency comparison of Fenton and nanoFenton (nZVI +H2O2) process for acid red 18 dye removal from the synthetic wastewater Sohyla Davoodi 1, Ashraf Mazaheri Tehrani 2, Ali Atamaleki 3, Mohammad Bagher Miranzadeh *1, Hamidreza Gilasi 4, Hamed Mohamadi 5 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 2 Students research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 3 Ph.D student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 5Lecturer, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat jam, Iran. Abstract Color is regarded as one of the most significant pollutants in wastewater. Due to the toxicity and also direct visibility, the treatment is necessary prior to discharging to the environment. Nowadays, various advanced oxidation processes like Fenton process have been devised for dyestuff wastewater elimination. The current study aimed to compare Fenton process with nanoFenton one to eliminate Acid Red 18 dye commonly used in textile industry. The tests were performed in a closed reactor at the laboratory temperature. The influencing studied - parameters encompassed pH levels (3, 5, and 7), initial dye concentrations (50, 100 mg/L), FeSO4 / H2O2, and Nano zero valent iron (nZVI)/ H2O2 ratios (1:1 (15.9 mM FeSO4 ,14.2 mM Fe⁰ ), 2:1 (31.8 mM FeSO4, 29.28 mM nZVI), 22.2 mM H2O2) respectively), and the reaction time in Fenton process (15, 30, and 60 min) and nanoFenton one (15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min). According to the results, optimum conditions for parameters included pH, initial dye concentration, FeSO4/ H2O2 ratio, nZVI/ H2O2 ratio, Fenton, and nanoFenton reaction times were obtained 3, 100 mg/L-, 1:1, 1:1, 15 min and 180 min, respectively. Also, the maximum efficacies for Fenton and nanoFenton processes were reported 99.4% and 71%, consecutively. Hence, considering the financial burden and longer reaction time in nZVI/ H2O2 phase of nanoFenton process, Fenton process was selected as the most appropriate method for eliminating Acid Red 18 dye. Keywords: Advanced oxidation process; Fenton reagent; NanoFenton reagent; Azo dye; Acid Red 18

245

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal of Diazinon from Aqueous Solutions by Zeolite Modified with Cationic Surfactant Hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide Ramzanali, Dianati Tilaki1, Jamshid,Yazdani charati2 , Sahebeh, Bavandi3 1Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari, Iran 2Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3MSc Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Abstract Background and purpose: High concentration of pesticides can be discharged in surface and subsurface water resources if the wastewater of pesticide manufacturing plants not treated properly. Several studies have shown that organo-zeolites can adsorb synthetic organic compounds with high efficiency. But little research has been done on the use of organo-zeolites to adsorb pesticides from water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adsorption of diazinon by zeolite modified with cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. Materials and methods: The amount of surfactant required for correction was equal to ECEC zeolite. Modification was performed by contacting zeolite and surfactant for 24h on the shaker. Unmodified and modified zeolite was tested as adsorbent. Experiments were conducted in batch mode in acidic (pH=3), natural (pH=7) and alkaline conditions (pH=11). Results: The optimal cantact time for SZ and HMZ were obtained 10 and 5 minutes, respectively. According to Freundlich model, the Kf value for SZ was 1.43 mgg-1, but in HMZ the value increased to 11.53 mgg-1.By using 1gl-1 of HMZ at pH equal to 3, the maximum adsorption was 97.6%. Pseudo second order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm model well describes the absorption of diazinon on HMZ. Conclusion: Due to the high capacity of modified zeolite, this method can be used to increase the efficiency of diazinon adsorption in wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: Zeolite, Cationic surfactant, Adsorption , Diazinon

246

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of the combined coagulation and Fenton oxidation process for the Co-amoxiclav removal from aqueous solution Eghbal jalali1, Dr Mohammad Soltanieh2, Dr Alireza pendashteh3,4 1 Departman of Chemical Enginieering Faculaty of Petroleum Engineering ,Tehran Research Sciences, Islamic azad University , Tehran, Iran Email: 2Department of Chemical and Petroleum Enginieering Faculaty of Chemical Engineering Sharif University, Tehran Iran Email:[email protected] 3 Department of Chemical Enginieering, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran 4 The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Email:[email protected] *Corresponding author: Eghbal jalali (09117613995) [email protected] Abstract Antibiotics are one of the pollutants in the pharmaceutical wastewater. Medicines are a very important and integral part of today's modern life and are used to treat human and animal diseases. In this study,removal of Co-amoxi Clave antibiotic were studied from synthetic wastewater by combined coagulation and advanced oxidation processes. This study, was done in laboratory scale. Sample of synthetic wastewater were prepared from Co Amoxi clave antibiotic. Concentration of samples were 400 mg/l.COD index was selected as a parameter evaluated in this study. In the first stage coagulation process was done on synthetic wastewater and the proper condition was achievd for the coagulant PAC. Then Fenton oxidation process was done, on the effluent of coagulation process. In the fenton process the influence of pH, Fe^ (2+) and hydrogen proxide were studied on the removal efficiency of Co-Amoxiclav antibiotic and the optimum values for each parameter were determined. For coagulant PAC with pH equal to 6 and 350 mg/l ,92/9% removal of Co-Amoxiclav was achieved. For fenton process Optimum parameters for the removal of Co-Amoxiclav were determined. The optimum condition for fenton process were pH=3, Fe^(2+)=420 mg/l, hydrogen peroxide equal to 800 mg/l,ratio of (H_2 O_2)/〖Fe〗^(2+) =1.9 and retention time of 1 hour. By applying the optimum conditions for combined coagulation and Fenton process removal efficiency of 89/95% of Co-Amoxiclav was obtained. Keyword: Wastewater treatment, Co-amoxiclav, Coagulation, Fenton, Chemical Oxygen Demand

247

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation on Industrial Waste Water Reuse of Industrial Towns for Agricultural and Irrigation Uses (Case Study: Treatment Plant of Ardebil 2 Industrial Town) Reza Dehghanzadeh 1, Seyedeh Maryam Seyed Mousavi * 2, Seyedeh Masoumeh Ebrahimi 3 , Elmira Faridi 4 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Email address ([email protected]) 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Email address ([email protected]) 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Supervisor of Treatment Plant of Ardebil 2 Industrial Town Laboratory; Email address ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Email address ([email protected]) Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of output wastewater Treatment Plant of Ardebil 2 Industrial Town to discharge into the environment and to reuse it. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out during a 5-month period in Treatment Plant of Ardebil 2

Industrial Town. The samples were taken to examine the COD, pH, BOD5, MLSS, TSS, and SVI parameters. After measurement, the results of the analysis were compared with the standards of the Iranian Environmental Protection Agency for discharge into the environment and the use of effluent.

Results: The results showed that the removal efficiency of BOD5, COD and TSS from wastewater was 90, 89.46, 51.88 (%) respectively, and the mean concentration of the parameters in the effluent was 46.44, 90.61, 71.6 (mg/L), which is conform to the environmental organization standards for the reuse in agriculture. Conclusion: The mean efficiency of Industrial wastewater treatment plant of Ardebil in elimination of pollutants is about 85%, therefore, the activated sludge process is efficient and effluent has the potential reuse for agriculture. Keywords: Industrial wastewater, Activated sludge, Ardebil 2 Industrial Town, Irrigation, Agriculture.

248

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like degradation of aniline and benzotriazole using magnetic heterojunction catalyst II III (PAC@Fe Fe2 O4) Babak Kakavandi1,2, Bita Neyshaboori2, *, Farima Emami doost2, Anahita Zamani2 1Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 2Departement of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Email:[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Bita Neyshaboori Abstract II III A mesoporous composite PAC@Fe Fe2 O4 was synthesized characterized and employed as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for aniline (An) and benzotriazole (BTA) degradation in the photo-Fenton oxidation process. The response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was employed in order to evaluate the influence and interactions of the operating parameters in photo-Fenton system. Under optimum conditions, the findings of experiments indicated that the presence of An and BTA simultaneously had synergistic effects on the removal efficiency, and the degradation performance in the presence of the two pollutants was higher, compared with each of them alone. The removal efficiencies of 70.4 and 99.5 % were obtained for An and BTA after five successive cycles of use, demonstrating the catalytic activity of II III PAC@Fe Fe2 O4 was preserved effectively even after five cycles of use owing to its good stability. The degradation of both pollutants followed pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The obtained results of mineralization experiments revealed that photo-Fenton system not only improved the biodegradability, but II III also could provide proper conditions for biological process. Therefore, PAC@Fe Fe2 O4 could be considered as an efficient and cost-effective catalyst for the purification of contaminated waters containing multi- pollutants ecosystem. Keywords: UV-Fenton, Catalytic oxidation, Magnetic separation, Aniline, Benzotriazole

249

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Use of Lepidium sativum. mucilaginous as a natural coagulant for the carpet cleaning wastewater treatment Hadis Payan1, Dr Alireza Pendashteh2,3, Dr Seyyedeh Cobra Azimi3,4 1 Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Guilan, Iran; Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Email:[email protected] 3 The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Email:[email protected] *Corresponding author: Hadis Payan, Email:[email protected] Abstract In this study, Lepidium sativum. mucilaginous seed has been evaluated as an active natural coagulant for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity removal from the carpet cleaning wastewater. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-variable, three-level Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to study and optimize the treatment process. The effect of three parameters including coagulant dose, pH, and contact time on the COD reduction and turbidity removal were analyzed. A quadratic polynomial model was fitted to the data with an R2 of 0.97 for COD reduction and R2 of 0.96 for turbidity removal. The COD reduction and turbidity removal were obtained 54.91% and 95.33% at the optimal conditions, after 45 min using 300 mg L-1 of Lepidium sativum. at pH = 7. Keywords: Coagulant, Turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand

250

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of COD and turbidity removal from woodchips wastewater using combined coagulation and Fenton oxidation process Seyyedeh Cobra Azimi1,3*, Dr Farhad Shirini1, Dr Alireza pendashteh2,3 1 Department of Chemistry, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran; Email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran; Email: [email protected] 3 The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran *Corresponding author: Seyyedeh Cobra Azimi, [email protected] Abstract In this study, the removal efficiencies for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity from woodchips wastewater, with the use of a combined coagulation and Fenton oxidation process were studied at a bench scale. Woodchips wastewater samples were collected with COD of 1050 mg L-1 and turbidity of 84 NTU. At the beginning of this system, the performance of three coagulants such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC), alum and ferric chloride (FeCl3) was evaluated. According to the results, the polyaluminum chloride had the high removal efficiency. In the next step, optimizing of the Fenton process was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD). A quadratic polynomial model was adjusted to the data with an R2 of 0.9995 for COD reduction, R2 of 0.9996 for turbidity removal, respectively. The effect 2+ of three parameters including Fe concentration, H2O2 dosage, and pH on the COD reduction and turbidity 2+ removal were evaluated in Fenton process. At the optimal conditions involving Fe 250 mg/L, H2O2 500 mg/L, pH 3.5 at 60 min, 91.5% of COD reduction and 99.5% of turbidity removal were obtained. Keyword: Coagulation, Fenton, Chemical Oxygen Demand

251

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Treatment of pulp and paper wastewater by combined SBR (anaerobic)-Fenton and by modeling neural network Nasim Nocheyan Langroodi1, Alireza Pendashteh2, Mohammad Ghamgosar Naseri3

1 Institute of Higher Education of Aceer of Rasht, Guilan, Civil Engineering and Environmental Department Guilan, Iran; Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Chemical Enginieering, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran 3 The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Email:[email protected] 4 Institute of Higher Education of Aceer of Rasht, Guilan, Iran Email: [email protected] Correspondind author: Nasim Nocheyan Langroodi ([email protected])

Abstract: The purpose of this study was removing organic substances in the wastewater by anaerobic process and achieving environmental standards for discharging into receiving water and reuse it. Fenton process was used due to better efficiency in wastewater color removal and better operation for decreasing the amount of wastewater COD. Nowadays, Effluent pulp and paper industry was researched using biological combinational method (anaerobic) and Fenton process and effects of different operational variables for MLSS and COD in anaerobic SBR process of wastewater were assessed. Also in Fenton process ,effects of independent pH variables, H2O2 concentration ,iron concentration and time of reaction for COD removal efficiency was measured by using design from Response Surface experiments and was modeled by using obtained output in anaerobic process through MATLAB software using neural network. Obtained results of this study, In SBR biological anaerobic process, the removal efficiency of COD in 24,72, 48 hour of HRTS were respectively 90% , 85.75% and 83.5% in a wastewater with COD of 2000 mg/l and OLR of 1 kg COD m3/d ,which was the best removal efficiency at 48-hour-HRT and removal efficiency in a wastewater with COD of 4000 mg/l with 48-hour-HRT and OLR of 2 kg COD m3/d was 37.5%.Also removal efficiency in Fenton process obtained 77.6%. The combination of Fenton and anaerobic process efficiency in wastewater was researched by OLR of 2 kg COD m3/d and optimal 48-hour –HRT, the amount of COD removal was 86%, which caused more effective result than separate anaerobic process and Fenton process optimal doses used in the 2+ Fenton process H2O2/Fe ratio = 0.5 ml in pH=3.5 and the reaction time was 60 minutes. In the present modeling, the neural network is used in MATLAB software. The achieved output shows that the model is meaningful. Keyword: Fenton process, Anaerobic process, Pulp paper, COD removal.

252

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Study of Fenton Advanced Oxidation Technique For Spinning Industry Wastewater Treatment With Polyester Yarn Fiber Alireza Pendashteh1,2, Fatemeh Hoseinpour 1 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran 2 The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Email:[email protected] *Corresponding author: Fatemeh Hoseinpour; Email:[email protected] Abstract The textile industry, as one of the major industries of producing wastewater, Due to the high volume of wastewater production and the presence of harmful factors, hence it is considered as an important industry in the treatment of industrial wastewater. The advancement and development of technology in the industrialized and growing societies on the one hand has provided the people with the welfare and comfort, but from the other side, they were as harmful to the environment, which is sometimes catastrophic and in most cases it is impossible to compensate these adverse effects to the peripheral ecosystem. Pollutants entering the water generally reduce the dissolved oxygen. In addition, the presence of other flavors, such as dyestuffs, fats, oils, acids, bases and heavy metals, etc., causes the extinction of living organisms. Among the various industries, the textile industry generates a large amount of wastewater containing various chemicals with respect to primary raw materials. In order to prevent environmental degradation, to the extent possible, the introduction of pollutants into non- standard concentrations into the environment should be prevented. In this paper, due to the reduction of water resources as well as the different initial cost in different methods of wastewater treatment, by reviewing the Fenton method, a proper refinement with the possibility of returning more water to the cycle and, at the same time, a reasonable initial investment, should be considered in order to minimize the financial burden on these industries, as well as resolved the environmental problems caused by them. Keywords: Textile wastewater, Advanced Oxidation, Fenton method

253

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Treatment of oilfield produced water in moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) using immobilization of isolated Halophillic microorganisms on walnut shell Reyhaneh Hasanzadeh 1*, Alireza Pendashteh 2, Behrooz Abbasi Souraki 3 1 Department of chemical engineering, faculty of engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 2 Department of chemical engineering/ the Caspian Sea basin research center, faculty of engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 3 Department of chemical engineering, faculty of engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Email address: [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract The oil and gas industry is one of the eight industries with high consumption of water in the world, and produced water is the largest waste stream in this industry. The main challenge of this wastewater is the high salinity (with TDS mainly above 35000 mg/L) and free and dissolved oil (with approximate COD above 1220 mg/L) in it. Given the changing nature of organic and hydraulic load in oily wastewaters, as well as creation of new extraction methods due to the annual increase in oil production capacity, the need for development of new systems has been expanded, which produce high quality effluent, with less space and cost of construction and implementation. In this research, a moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) was used for produced water treatment. Also walnut shell was applied due to its high capability in oil adsorption, high resistance to attrition and high specific surface area (about 0.1713 m2/g) for microorganisms’ immobilization. Microorganisms were also isolated from a saline medium with a minimum TDS of 35000 mg/L, cultured and used for wastewater treatment. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24-hour and 48-hour and also influent COD of 900 mg/L and 1800 were examined. The COD removal efficiency in this bioreactor was at the best trial 82.3% with a 24- hour HRT and an input COD of 900 mg/L. Comparing the results with effluent of the bioreactor with the same operating conditions, but without walnut shell, showed that the growth rate of the suspended MLSS was lower in the bioreactor containing the walnut shell; while, the amount of COD removed was higher due to dispersed oil absorption on walnut shell as well as the performance of the immobilized microorganisms. The results indicate that by more investigations, a moving bed bioreactor with halophile microorganisms stabilized on walnut shell can be used to treat produced water in the oil and gas industry efficiently. Keywords: Produced water, Walnut shell, Biological treatment, Moving bed bioreactor, Salinity

254

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Case study: Pretreatment and removal of antibiotics from synthetic wastewater by ozonation Saeideh sadat Riazi1, Alireza Pendashteh2 1PhD student, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Guilan, Iran, [email protected] 2Assistant Professor, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan, Iran, [email protected] *Corresponding author: Saeideh sadat Riazi Abstract In the last decades, the presence of recalcitrant contaminants such as antibiotics in the effluents of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants is one of the most concerning environmental issues for the natural environment and human health. Despite the effectiveness of conventional biological treatment processes in the degradation of sewage contaminants, most of these compounds are not effectively eliminated. The High concentrations of various antibiotics in an effluent from pharmaceutical industries may result in the inhibition of biological treatment systems. Due to the stringent water quality standards for environmental protection, a suitable technology for the pharmaceutical plant effluents treatment is necessary. The present research investigates the suitability application of ozonation as advanced oxidation process for the pretreatment of synthetic solution wastewater. Synthetic solution was prepared with a mixture of distilled water and antibiotics (ampicillin and cefexime), to evaluate the effect of different operating conditions (pH, antibiotic dosages, ozonation time). The degradation of synthetic wastewater were monitored in terms of removal efficiency of COD under ozonation. The results showed that the optimal conditions for ozonation with respect to practical application for various dosage of antibiotics were as follows: reaction time of 4 hours, and pH of 11.0. Under the optimal conditions, a COD removal efficiency was achieved 25% and a 2.5-fold increase in the COD/BOD5 ratio of wastewater. Keywords: Ozonation, Pharmaceutical wastewater, Pretreatment, Advanced oxidation process

255

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Efficiency investigation of electro-Fenton process in olive mill wastewater treatment Donya Hamidi 1*, Dr Behrooz Abbasi Souraki2, Dr Alireza Pendashteh3,4 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran; Email: [email protected] 4 The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran *Corresponding author:[email protected], 09114642405. Abstract In recent years electro-Fenton process, which combines two processes of Fenton and electrocoagulation, owing to their ability to better control the process, the continuous production of iron ions during the process, less sludge production, lower relative cost, easy operation and high efficiency become more attractive to researchers compared to the conventional process of Fenton. In this study, the efficiency of the electro-Fenton process in reducing the COD (chemical oxygen demand) of olive mill wastewater in a laboratory scale by electrochemical generation of Fe2+ during the process and adding hydrogen peroxide manually, in a reactor equipped with two iron electrodes and a source power was investigated. The effect of primary pH of wastewater, hydrogen peroxide concentration and voltage variation were investigated. In electro-Fenton process, maximum COD removal was found 57 % at following conditions pH=3, reaction time =45 min, 8000 ppm of H2O2 and 30 V. The results of this study showed that electro- Fenton process by electrochemical generation of iron ion can be used as an effective pretreatment method for treating of olive mill wastewater. Keywords: electro-Fenton process, olive mill wastewater, advanced oxidation process.

256

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Feasibility study of Lead and zinc removal from paint sludge with biological sludge, using vermicompost by E.Feotida (case study: Saipa automotive industry) Rahman Ghomi Avili1, Afshin Takdastan*2, Ghassem Ali Omrani3 ,Farideh Atabi4 1 -, Ph.D. student in Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2- Associate Professor of Environmental Technologies Research Center ,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences ,Ahvaz Iran. Corresponding author::[email protected] 3 - Professor of Environmental Engineering Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4-- Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. far- [email protected] Abstract: During the paint spraying process in the automotive industry, a variety of wastes, including a large amount of paint sludge is produced, which contains a variety of hazardous substances, such as heavy metals. The aim of the present study was vermicomposting of paint sludge with sewage sludge and Eisenia fetida as earthworm spices for reduction of Lead and Zinc. For the first step, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Saipa automotive group paint sludge were analyzed for lead and zinc concentration , volatile and fixed solids, total solids, moisture percentage, Nitrogen, Carbon and C/N ratio. Then paint sludge and biological sludge was mixed in different ratios (6kg/6kg, 6kg/3kg, 6kg/(1/5)kg, 6kg/1kg, 6kg/750gr, 6kg/600gr, 6kg/375gr ). For more accuracy, sampling and experiments were repeated 3 times for each ratio. The mixture with mentioned ratio was put in netting boxes which were about 20 kg and in nine series. 500 Eisenia Feotida was added to each box In order to analyse various parameters, including lead and zinc, sampling from each pilot was performed on 1, 15, 30, 50, 70 and 90 days. The Pb and Zn measurements were performed using the AASM method.The results showed that the best removal of lead and zinc metals in 6 kg biological sludge with 600 gr paint sludge (10/1 ratio) and in 60 days were achieved. With this mixing ratio, leads concentration in 60 days, reduced from 6 mg to 0.2 mg and zincs amount concentration in 75 days reduced from 7 mg to 0.5 mg. Finally, the results showed that, Eisenia Foetida could eliminate lead and zinc metals in low levels. Fate of heavy metals during vermicomposting of biological sludge with paint sludge is as follows :Earthworms of different ecological classification are capable of accumulating metals from environmental medium ranging from less contaminated soils to heavily metal contaminated wastes . During digestion of organic wastes, the mobile fractions of metals are either accumulated in cutaneous tissues or are bound to low-molecular weight, cysteine-rich metal binding proteins such as metallothioneins (MTs) possessing high affinity for metals like Zn and Pb. E. fetida can accumulate Some heavy metals such as Zn and Pb. The adult earthworm was speculated to have such an ability to store high concentrations of heavy metals in the non-toxic forms.

257

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The heavy metals accumulated in earthworms tissues are analysed in terms of concentration factors, such as the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) with the assumption that the organisms have achieve chemical equilibrium with respect to a particular media or route of exposure. Keywords: Saipa automotive industry,Vermicompost ,lead and zinc metals, Biological sludge, paint sludge.

258

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation and Investigation of Advanced Oxidation System (Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Persulfate) in PAHs Contaminated Urban Sewage Sludge Treatment Mitra Gholami1, Mahdi Vosoghi niri2, Seyyed Ahmad Mokhtari2*

1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran * Corresponding author, email: [email protected]

This study has been carried out with the aim of evaluating treatability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds of PAHs available in urban and industrial sewage sludge utilizing advanced chemical oxidation method contingent on free sulfate radicals using hydrogen peroxide and heat activation methods. For this purpose, various parameters including (3, 5, 7, 9, & 10), persulfate’s concentration (2, 10, 5, 15 & 20 mmol), the ratio of peroxide to persulfate (1, 0.5, 0.3, 0.2 & 0.1), sludge temperature (25, 35, 45 & 55° C) and the primary concentration of PAHs were considered at the 20-day reaction periods. Through making use of GC-MS, after 40- minute period, the quality and quantity of the compounds available in the sample were determined using a mass detector and the drawn standards’ curve. After examining the effectiveness of eliminating PAHs compounds in various conditions, the chemical oxygen demand test (COD) was carried out for the samples related to optimal removal of PAHs compounds in order to determine the process’ real efficiency in eliminating intermediate compounds originated from PAHs oxidation. The results demonstrate that advanced chemical oxidation method (persulfate-peroxide) can effectively result in PAHs compounds’ elimination from the sludge. Keywords: sewage sludge, advanced oxidation, persulfate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

259

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Determination of microbial contamination of drinking water in motels located in the coastal strip of Babolsar in two seasons of winter and spring 2018

Seyede Houriye Fallah1, Aseyeh khalilpour1, Mehdi haji agahtabar2, Abdoliman Amouei 1, Hossein Ali Asgharnia1. 1-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran 2-Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran.

Abstract Background: Experts have been considered a group of biological agents as an indicator of contamination that their presence more than standard in water can indicate the possibility of an outbreak of a variety of diseases in the area via water. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the status of microbial contamination of drinking water in residential areas (motels) located in the coastal strip of Babolsar. Methods: In the sampling was collected from residential water supplies. The data were gathering using a questionnaire including the local and environmental status of motels and through water sampling from 50 motels. The water sampling was randomly performed in March 2017 (N=50) and May 2018 (N=50). The samples were tested using 9-tube fermentation method Results: The results of this study showed that from the total samples in March 2017 and May 2018 in residential areas, 9 and 11 samples in March 2017 and May 2018 had desirable condition in terms of turbidity, respectively. In addition, the turbidity of 4 and 3 samples in March 2017 and May 2018 was more than the limit of 5 NTU. The water turbidity of the well was more in March than in May. Total coliform was not found only one sample of March and May samplings. The amount of coliform in well water was higher in March than in May. In all samples taken in March and May, the amount of PH was in the desired and acceptable limits. Conclusion: According to the results of laboratory, all sources of drinking water (wells) had microbial contamination. Therefore, it is suggested that urban water network be installed by urban water and sewage company and be taken over to motels. Keywords: Water, Biological agents, Coliform

260

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of removal of residual water scraps using ammonium chloride-activated carbon

Nahid tavakoli nejad1 ,saedeh sadeghian moghadam2 ,ahmad ahhah abadi3*,hosein rezaei1,faezeh sadat shobeiri1,fatemeh niko1

1-Graduate student of Environmental Health Engineering of sabzevar University of Medical Sciences and member of student Research committee 2- Graduate student of Environmental Health Engineering of sabzevar University of Medical Sciences and member of student Research committee *3-Assistant professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Sabzevar university of Medical Sciences *Corresponding author Address:Sabzevar, Faculty of Health,Environmental Health Department,Ahmad Allah Abadi E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Background: Regarding the increased pollution of water resources, disinfection of drinking water is imperative in our country and in the world. Decontamination by chemicals such as chlorine is one of the methods of water disinfection. The reaction of this substance with natural and synthetic organic compounds in water, carcinogenic compounds. Typical removal of excess chlorine can be mentioned in the process of adsorption by activated carbon. The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal of excess chlorine residues by NH4CL activated carbon materials and methods : Activated carbon was produced from agricultural waste and immersed in NH4CL and activated at 800 ° C. In this study, the effect of variables of adsorption dose, chlorine concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature on chlorine removal was investigated, then the isotherms and adsorption thermodynamics were analyzed and Analysis was made. Cholesterol analyzes were done by ıdometry method findings: NAC (NH4CL-activated carbon) with a specific surface area of 1029 m2 / g and an average pore volume of 2.46 nm, at a concentration of 0.2 g / liter carbon, was 76% chlorine at 10 mg / Optimize 6 hours for 10 minutes. Absorption equilibrium tests showed that chlorine adsorption on NAC follows the Long Meier model, and the maximum absorption capacity of chlorine on NAC is 523 mg / g. Thermodynamics of chlorine adsorption on NAC show that at a concentration of 10 mg / L and other optimal conditions, with an increase in temperature from 10 ° C to 40 ° C, the chlorine removal rate rises from 49% to 88%. Conclusion: The result is that NAC carbon can be used as a suitable and inexpensive absorber to remove chlorine and other compounds from contaminated water and sewage. Keywords: Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Chlorine

261

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Survey the efficiency of Zeolite/ABR reactor in COD removal from compost leachate Meghdad Pirsaheb1 Hiwa Hossini1 Jila Amini2* 1Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. 2Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran *corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Introduction: Compost leachate is a wastewater with high organic materials and ammonia nitrogen that with discharging to the environment, creates a lot of environmental and health problems. Leachate treatment methods are limited and anaerobic methods are more suitable. The anaerobic baffled reactor has a high efficiency in COD removal but in high toxic wastewaters it has not been proved. The main objective of this study was determining the efficiency of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) with zeolite for the removal of COD from the compost leachate. Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental and laboratory. A pilot scale of ABR with 8 compartments and working volume of 14.4 Lit was used and four last ABR compartments were filled with zeolite. The bioreactor was operated at HRT of 3, 4, 5 day , zeolite filling ratio of 10, 20 and 30 percent, and influent COD 10000, 20000 and 30000 .mg/L Result: The result of this study showed that the maximum removal efficiency of COD reached to 78 that were at HRT of 5 day, %30 media filling ratio and COD of 10000 mg/L. Increasing the filling ratio in the reactor increased the removal efficiency but increasing the concentration of COD influent and decreasing HRT, reduced the efficiency of removal. Also results show that heavy metals concentration in leachate was high. Conclusion: The zeolite media immobilized microorganisms and also decreased inhibitors concentration (heavy metals and ammonia nitrogen) and increased the reactor efficiency in removing COD. Keywords: Compost Leachate, ABR, Zeolite, COD.

262

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Study of microbiological quality of natural swimming water of the Caspian sea in Behshahr,iran

Morteza kohansal1,abdoliman amoei2, maryam hamzeh berijani3, mostafa jafari atrabi4

1MSc Occupational safety& Health, Behshahr Health Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2 Ph.D. in Environmental Health, Faculty Member of Babol University of Medical Sciences 3,4Environmental Health Expert, Behshahr Health Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

Abstract Introduction: Natural natatoriums such as seas are always exposed to various types of pollution. The important point with regard to the knowledge is that microbial contamination, especially with human origin, and even in some cases solid municipal waste and leachate, resulted from it without any control through the rivers entering the sea and significantly contaminated the sites doing. Opportunistic pathogens, such as bacteria, are the most important microbial contaminants, among which are the entire coliforms (Escherichia coli, Celciella, Citrobacter and Enterobacter), fecal coliforms, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Streptococcus ficus, Clostridium perfringens and Aeromonas Hydrophyla.. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of microbial contamination (intestinal enterococci, total form of the form and general form of heat) in the natural waters of the city of Behshahr. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Sampling method was census-based and, considering the small number of available natural natatoriums, all three natatoriums were selected as samples. Data collected in this study were analyzed using EXCEL software and SPSS software. Results: Based on the findings, in general, 22.22% of the total blocker parameters were higher than the limit. Also, 11.11% of the samples showed elevated thermoplastic parameters, and intestinal enterococci 11.11% of samples were above the permissible limit. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in some of the natatoriums, the index of contamination exceeded the established limit and is in an unfavorable situation and there is a risk of disease for swimmers. Since the disinfection of natural natatoriums to completely eliminate microbial contamination is not feasible, It is recommended that the authorities, in conjunction with the Health Department, reduce the amount of water contamination by pouring appropriate concentrations of Perchlorin solution onto the water so that the amount of microbial contamination of the beaches in the range of swimming is reduced to an acceptable level. Keywords: Natural natatoriums, coliform, pollution

263

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of copper oxide nanoparticles for degradation of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions by UV-assisted advanced oxidation process (AOP): process optimization through response surface methodology (RSM) Maryam Faraji1, Amir Mohammadi 2, Nahid Khoshnamvand 3*, Ferdos Kord Mostafapour3 1 Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, [email protected]. 2 Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical sciences, Maragheh, Iran, [email protected] 3 Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran [email protected] *Corresponding author: Nahid khoshnamvand

Abstract Aim of study: this study aimed to optimize of the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solutions by UV-assisted advanced oxidation process (AOP) using by copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using response surface methodology (RSM). Methodology: the effect of CIP concentration (10–200 mg/L), CuO dosage as the catalyst (0.01–0.1 g/L) and pH (3–11) as independent variables on the COD removal efficiency as response using UV-C lamps with three different powers of 8, 15 and 30 Watt were optimized through the central composite design (CCD) in response surface method using design-expert software. Results: a second order model was selected as the best model with R2 values and lack of fits of 0.85 and 0.06 for lamp 8-W, 0.89 and 0.11 for lamp 15-W, and 0.86 and 0.19 for lamp 30-W, respectively. Optimum conditions were obtained in CIP concentration of 11.2 mg/L, CuO dosage of 0.08 g/L, and pH value of 8.17. In this condition, predicted maximum COD removal efficiency was respectively found 83.79, 93.18, and 98.90% for lamps 8, 15 and 30 Watt. Conclusion: according to the results, UV-assisted AOP through CuO nanoparticles can effectively degrade CIP in aqueous solutions. Keywords: Antibiotics, Copper oxide, UV, Nanoparticles, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)

264

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Isotherm and kinetic studies of fluoride adsorption by a novel adsorbent-Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-8 (ZIF-8) Maryam Faraji 1, Ali Jafari 2, Bahram Kamarehie2, Nahid khoshnamvand2* 1 Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. [email protected]. 2 Department of Environment Health Engineering, Faculty of health, Lorestan university of Medical Sciences. *Corresponding author: Nahid Khoshnamvand. [email protected]

Abstract

Aim of study: Fluoride is one of the elements in drinking water which could have impact effects on the human health dependent on concentration and the uptake duration. In the present study, a new adsorbent, zeolitic imidazole frameworks-8 (ZIF-8), was used to adsorb fluoride in water. Methodology: Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize fluoride adsorption at the concentration of 1-10 mg/L through sonocatalyst process by zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF- 8) in dosage between 0.01-0.09 g/L and ultrasound in a frequency of 30 kHz, and pH of 3-11. Characterizations of the ZIF-8 were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope coupled with the energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubbin- Radushkevich, and Temkin and kinetic models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich were analyzed. Results: as obtained result, fluoride concentration of 1.2 mg/L, ZIF-8 dosage of 0.08 g/L and pH of 6.52 with removal efficiency 92.17% was found as the optimum condition. Freundlich model had the best agreement with experimental data; therefore, adsorption can be considered in the form of multilayer reaction with a favorable affinity between fluoride and adsorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity ZIF-8 was obtained to be 22.73 mg/g. Also, data were well fit on the pseudo- second order model. Conclusion: finally, this study showed that sonocatalyst process through ZIF-8 as a novel adsorbent among of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) can be applied as an efficient method for the fluoride removal from aqueous solutions.

Keywords: Fluoride, Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-8 (ZIF-8), Sonocatalyst, Response surface method (RSM), Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs).

265

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Adsorption of 2, 4 dinitrophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Ordered Mesoporous Carbon CMK-3

Hadi Rahimzadeh1, Alireza Rahmani2, Somayeh Beirami3 , Yousef Dadban Shahamat4

1MSc in Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences and PhD student , Hamedan University of Medical Sciences 2Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences 3MSc in Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences 4Assistant Professor, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract 2, 4 dinitrophenol is the most important nitrophenol compound that is widely used in paints, adhesives, wood preservatives, solvents, pesticides, and explosive materials. Because of the high toxicity and non-biodegradability of 2, 4 DNP, must be prevented from entering the water body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 in adsorption of 2, 4 dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions and the effect of various parameters on the performance of this process. In this experimental study, mesoporous carbon, CMK-3 was prepared using hexagonal SBA-15 mesoporous silica in a batch reactor. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, BET and TEM. After Synthesis of CMK-3, the effect of different parameters were investigated on adsorption process including pH (3-11), contact time (20 -180 min) initial concentration of 2, 4 dinitrophenol (10-500mg/L), and adsorbent dose (0.2-1.2 gr/L) Removal efficiency increased when pH and initial concentration of 2, 4-dinitrophenol decreased and contact time and adsorbant doze increased. The optimum pH was 5 and the equilibrium time was 100 minutes. The optimal dose of CMK-3 was 0.4 g/L and the adsorption capacity of 2, 4 dinitrophenol by CMK-3 was 194 mg/g. In general, mesoporous carbon CMK-3 showed high capacity in removal of 2,4 dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions. Therefore, it can be used in the treatment of wastewater containing 2,4 dinitrophenol. Keywords: 2, 4 dinitrophenol, adsorption, aqueous solutions, carbon mesoporous CMK-3

266

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Food Safety

267

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effects of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) biodegradable film incorporated with nanoemulsion of Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica essential oil against Esherichia coli inoculated in Salmon fillet Hassan Hassanzadazar 1*, Majid Aminzare 1

1 Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

Fish and fish products are appreciated in human nutrition and food industry for their high content of nutrients. On the other hand, they are considered as a highly perishable food. To decrease the losses caused by pathogenic microbes such as Esherichia coli, biodegradable packaging with film or coating of polysaccharides in combination with natural bioactive compounds are applied instead of using chemical preservatives and industrial materials for packaging which have side effects on human health and environment. Natural compounds like essential oils can affect on sensory attributes of food, therefore nanotechnology used for diminish this disturbance. In present study, we describe the effect of edible film from Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) incorporating nanoemulsion of Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica essential oil (NPaKEO) against E. coli inoculated in salmon fillet stored under refrigeration conditions (4 ± 1°C) for 12 days. Different concentrations of NPaKEO (1, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.125 %) were applied to CMC films. Fish fillets were sterilized with ethanol 70% and inoculated with a stock dilution of E. coli (6 Log/mL). A 2-2.5 Log/mL reduction of pathogen population was seen at third day of chilling period and remained constant until 12th day. The results of this study revealed the efficacy of CMC edible films combined with NPaKEO as a new natural preservative for inhibiting growth of E. coli in salmon fillets. The findings revealed that NPaKEO combined with CMC can be an alternative method to prevent growth of foodborne pathogens and to preserve the quality and safety of fish, as a result of good antimicrobial activity of NPaKEO .

Key words: CMC film; Nanoemulsion, Esherichia coli, natural preservative

268

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

New approach in occurrence of Ochratoxin A level in Cereal-based Baby Foods collected from Iran Zeinab Khoshnamvand 1,2, Firouzeh Nazari 3, Mohammad Reza Mehrasbi1, , Mir-Jamal Hosseini 4,5

1 Social determinants of health research center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. 2Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 3 Food and Drug Administration-Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4 Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran 5 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

Abstract Consumption of ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated baby foods exerts health implications especially in children as the most vulnerable sub-populations. Therefore, 64 baby foods samples from five different brands available in the Iranian market were analyzed to determine OTA level, using a HPLC with fluorescence detector for the first time in Iran. Overall, OTA was observed in 41% of analyzed samples with a mean and maximum level of 0.42±0.27 and 1.1µg kg-1, respectively. OTA levels in five of 64 samples (7.8 %) was higher than the permissible limit recommended by European Commission (permissible limit: 0.5µg kg-1) and OTA level in two of 64 samples (3.1%) was higher than the standard set by Iranian standard organization (1 µg kg-1). The highest OTA contamination was observed in rice-based baby food cereals (1.1 µg.kg-1; 57% of the samples), followed by wheat- based (23%) and multigrain (20%) samples. OTA intake in infants (≥9 months old) was more than established provisional tolerable weekly intake by JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) and EFSA (the European Food Safety Authority) (100 and 120 ng OTA per kg of body weight, respectively). OTA content in baby food and cereals as well as other raw foodstuff should be investigated comprehensively to reduce the exposure rate of young children to OTA. Keywords: Ochratoxin A (OTA); Baby foods; Contamination; HPLC; Iran

269

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluating the quality of bread and health indicators of bakeries in Chalous city in 2017 Dr. Ramezan Ali Dianati 1, Hasan Esmaeili, 2* 1Associate Professor, Faculty Member, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Email: [email protected] 2 MSc student, Environmental Health Engineering, Member of Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Sari Health School. *Corresponding author Email: [email protected]. Sari – Iran

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Bread is the main source of food for most people in the world and also people in Iran. In terms of nutritional value, proteins and minerals are derived from bread. The use of baking soda prevents absorbion of proteins and minerals , and high salt levels also endanger the health of consumers. Thus, evaluating the quality and health status of bread and bakery is of great Importance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of baking soda and salt used in bakeries in Chalous city in 2017. Method and materials: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study about all Bakeries in Chalous. To determine the amount of baking soda and salt used in the bread by referring to the city bakeries, two first baking loaves for the sample were randomly selected. The pH and salt content of all breads were assessed according to the Standards of the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Findings: The results of this study showed that about 9 percent of the Chalous bakeries used baking soda. This amount varied in different types of bread. The highest amount related to Taftoon bread and Lavash bread (33 and 20 percent), and the least amount to Sangak bread ( zero percent), and then Fantasy and Beriberi breads ( 1 and 5 percent), respectively. Also, the results of this study showed that 33% of bakeries used salt above standard levels, 75% of which are related to Lavash bread bakeries. Conclusion: According to the results of bread experiments, the use of baking soda in some breads such as lavash requires attention and monitoring. High salt addition was observed in many samples, especially in Lavash bread, which is an alarm in relation to the health of consumers. Therefore, encouraging the use of less baking soda and less salt, training to bakers and people through public media and health inspectors are recommended. Keywords: Quality of Bread, Bakery, Chalous.

270

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Measurement of the salts consumed in Public places and food distribution centers in Qom and assessing the attitude and function of post-training providers 2017-2018 Sakineh Molaei Tavani *1, Narges Jafari 2 , Edris Hosseinzadeh 3 1Graduated from MSc in Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; [email protected] 2Environmental Health Expert, Department of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; [email protected] 3Ph.D. in Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran; edris- [email protected] *Corresponding author: Sakineh Molaei Tavani Abstract Background: Iodine deficiency leads to disorders such as goiter, mental disorders, growth retardation, neonatal hypothyroidism, cretinism, and an increased risk of fetal and neonatal mortality. This study aimed to measure the salt at food distribution centers in the city of Qom and train operators to change their attitude and performance was carried out. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, salts of consumable food were studied from public places and food distribution centers of Qom province in 2017-2018. The obtained data includes the number of iodometric measurements done on the salt and the number of refined salt iodized and the level of knowledge and attitude of the operators in the food distribution centers to change their performance. Finally, the results were compared with standards of the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran.A vailable data after the titration test and questionnaire information was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS (T Test). Results: Based on the results, a total of 6770 iodometric were performed on edible salts of 93% of the treated iodized salt and 7% of non-refined salt was iodized. The amount of treated salt was 91% iodine in the acceptable range (30-50 ppm) and 2% higher than the acceptable level (50 ppm) iodine. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between age (P ˂ 0.021), gender (P ˂ 0.037) and education vendors (P ˂ 0.001) and the level of knowledge of the centers about the type of packaging (P ˂ 001) Prices (P ˂ 0.001) and storage conditions (P ˂ 0.031) were observed. Also, there was a significant relationship between the supervision of health authorities on expiry date (P ˂ 0.003) the fraud (P ˂ 0.020) was found on the performance of the instructors.A significant relationship was found between the role of training on changing attitude and practice of the instructors in the above mentioned centers (P ˂ 0.001). Conclusion: The amount of iodine in treated salts in Qom is optimal. Therefore, the success of the iodized treatment salts program requires increasing the awareness of the staffs in the food distribution centers and monitoring them continuously.

271

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Keywords: distribution centers, salt, iodine, education

272

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Assessing knowledge and attitudes toward fast foods among students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2017 Ali akbar Dehghan1, Mahmoud Dankoob2, Ali Asghar Navaei2, MohsenYazdani3, Hossein Alidadi4 ,Zahra Abroosh5, Sara Borzeshi5 1Assistant Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental health Engineering, School of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ([email protected]) 2M.Sc. student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, school of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ([email protected]) ([email protected]) 3PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz ,Iran.([email protected]) 4 Professor, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Health sciences research center, school of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .([email protected]) 5Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran. *Corresponding author: Mohsen Yazdani ([email protected])

Abstract Background: According to the World Health Organization, Nowadays due to the advancement in science, technology and urbanization have increased fast food consumption. As well as, it has had a major impact on health, especially in developing countries. The consequences of taking this type of food for the consumer and the community have caused some social concerns. Today, students are one of the most important groups at risk due to academic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences about fast food consumption in 2017. Material & Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 100 students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during the fall of 2017. Information about the fast food consumption among students was collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS V.16 software. Results: data showed that 59.6% of people eat fast food once or twice a week, 31/3% of them do not consume fast food per week, 5.1% of students eat fast food three to four times a week and 2% of people consumed five to six times per week. Also, 38.85% of people had a good attitude, 53.56% of the people were unaware, and 18.76% had a bad attitude about fast food and its complications. Conclusion: Considering the high consumption of fast food among students, in order to reduce the negative effects of fast food consumption, there is a need for planning for informing the students. Keywords: Attitude, Knowledge, Fast food, Students

273

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Survey On Attitude And Knowledge Of The Role Of Preservatives Grocery Packed At Student University Of Medical Sciences In Mashhad

Ali akbar Dehghan1, Hossein Alidadi2, MohsenYazdani3, Ali Asghar Navaei4 , Mahmoud Dankoob4, Parisa Farzi Afshar5 ,Zahra Yazarloo5 1Assistant Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental health Engineering, School of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ([email protected]) 2 Professor, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Health sciences research center, school of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .([email protected]) 3PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. ([email protected]) 4M.Sc. student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, school of Health,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ([email protected]) ([email protected]) 5Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran. *Corresponding author: Ali Asghar Navaei, ([email protected])

Abstract Background: Food stuffs hygiene includes all essential standards and regulations for the production storage and supplying of food stuffs to market with high quality. The current study aimed to determine students' knowledge about food stuffs hygiene among Student University Of Medical Sciences In Mashhad. Material & Methods: This study was performed as a cross-sectional fassion on 100 male and female students. The survey questionnaire contained personal information about food safety knowledge and attitude. Data were analyzed with SPSS V.16 software. Results: Although all student had good attitude towards food safety, a statistically significant correlation (p< 0.01). Conclusion: As the study findings revealed, training programs in the form of workshops and courses related to hygiene and food safety can be effective for the students in increasing students' knowledge specifically lower grades students. Key words: Attitude; Food Safety; Knowledge, Students, Preservatives.

274

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Cadmium concentration and health risk assessment in different food groups in Tehran Mahboobeh Ghoochani 1, Mohammad Hadi Dehghani2 , Noushin Rastkari 3, Masud Yunesian 4, Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi, 5, Alireza Mesdaghinia 6, Anahita Houshiarrad 7

1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran & Ministry of Health and Medical Education; Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email: [email protected] 3 Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email: [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email: [email protected] 5 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email: [email protected] 6 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email: [email protected] 7 National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email: [email protected] * Corresponding authors: Mohammad Hadi Dehghani and Noushin Rastkari Abstract Cadmium is one of the most important environmental pollutants that enters to the environment through natural processes and human activities. Exposure to cadmium causes health concerns and several complications such as bone, liver, and kidney disease. Dietary is considered as the main source of exposure to cadmium in non- smoking general population. This study was conducted to determine the cadmium level in most consumed foods of 120 healthy people, non-smoking, and non-occupationally exposed to cadmium who lived in Tehran. A total of 1867 food samples were purchased and assigned to 13 most consumed groups including bread, rice, cereals, beans, root and tuber vegetables, stalk and stem vegetables, leafy vegetables, fruiting vegetables, fruits, meats, fish, egg, dairy, and beverages including tea, coffee, and tap and bottled water. All samples were acidified by wet digestion method and analyzed through ICP-OES. Then, the health risk assessment and uncertainty analysis were investigated. The results showed that the measured provisional tolerable monthly/ weekly intake were less than the standard values reported by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, European Food Safety Authority and the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. The hazard quotient (HQ) value was observed to be less than 1 in point estimation and uncertainty analysis. Also, the 90% upper confidence limit of simulated HQ value was estimated less than 0.477. Therefore, it concluded that the potential adverse effects of exposure to cadmium in the community is negligible. In the current situation, the cadmium concentration is safe in these food groups and is not considered a threat to public health. Keywords: Cadmium, Food groups, Health risk assessment, Tehran

275

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Comparison of the microbial load of staff before and after proper hand washing in Marvdasht City (Fars province) asghar alahyari solokloei 1, vahid younesi 2 , Fateme morovat3*

1. MSc Student in Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, shiraz University of Medical Sciences, shiraz, Iran; [email protected] 2. MSc Student in Civil Engineering, Environmental Education, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran; [email protected] 3. MSc Student in Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; [email protected]

Abstract Today, lifestyle changes have increased the use of ready-made foods. Food is one of the major sources of contamination by chemical and biological agents. Many foodborne diseases are caused by the transmission of microorganisms by hand-infected food personnel.To reduce the microbial load of the staff, food service centers are the easiest and least costly way to handle hand hygiene by the staff. Therefore, it is important to observe hand hygiene in preventing diseases and poisoning. The general objective of this study was to compare the microbial load of the staff at the centers before and after proper hand washing in Marvdasht city in 1397 solar year.This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 90 employees of food service centers in Marmaris, including 35 restaurants and 55 diners in the first 6 months of the year.Sampling was done using swaps. Determination of the microbial load of the hands was carried out with the Ultra Snap U ultra-fast micromotive batch measuring device at pre-wash and before hand washing.Then the correct hand was washed Sampling was done again with a swap and the microbial load was measured.The information was entered into the 22 Spss software and the related analyzes were done.The microbial load of the hands was very high during the work and before the correct hand washes.Face-to-face training on a visual basis, along with portable hands-on testing by inspectors, has greatly impacted on the level of knowledge, performance and employee behavior.The results showed that proper hand washing in the drinking centers was effective in reducing the microbial load of the hands and could result in reduced foodborne toxicity and microbial diseases. Keywords: Proper handwashing, microbial load, staff at food centers, personal hygiene, food poisoning

276

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of Fungal conyamination in Flours in Sarayan bakeries in 1396 Habibe momeni1, salehe salehnia1, Hamid reza zakeri1* 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran: [email protected] *Corresponding author:hanid reza zakeri Email adress: [email protected] Abstract

Introduction & Objective: Fungi are among the most common microorganisms with high metabolic and enzymatic activity that can cause contamination and corrosion of foodstuffs, including flour. Considering the high importance of flour in the Iranian diet, the prevalence of fungal flour in bakeries in Sarayan province was investigated.

Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, samples were collected from all 27 bakeries in the city with three replications in the autumn and finally, 81 samples were obtained. After measuring the moisture content, the samples were cultured on a culture medium of dextrose agar. The fungal bran was isolated and microscopic and macroscopic tests revealed the prevalence and sex of the fungal species.

Results: Out of 81 samples, 78 samples (96.3%) were free of contamination and only 3 (3.7%) had fungal contamination higher than the permitted level of 104 colonies per gram of flour. The highest prevalence of fungal contamination was related to Penicillium fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the relatively favorable condition of the bakery in maintaining the proper conditions for storing and storing flour.

Keywords: Fungal contamination, Flour, Bakeries, Sarayan

277

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Physicochemical and sensory properties of traditional, probiotic and jashir containing probiotic yogurts (Prangos ferulacea) Asghar Masihinezhad1, Mohammad Mazloomi2*, Maryam Javadi3

1PhD candidate of food hygiene, Shahrekord University, faculty of veterinary medicine 2Shiraz University of medical sciences, Iran, Shiraz 3Qazvin University of medical sciences, Iran, Qazvin *Corresponding author: S. M. Mazloomi, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction: Yogurt is one of traditional fermented dairy products and one of the most popular milk products that contain valuable nutrition components for health playing an important role in diet. Prangos ferulacea (PF) (Jashir in Persian) is a plant grows at low temperature climate. It is harvested in the spring and cooked and added to yogurt. The physicochemical and sensorial properties of traditional yogurt, probiotic yogurt and probiotic yogurt containing different amounts of Jashir (10, 20 and 30 percent) were compared. Material and Methods: Low-fat milk heated at 95 degree centigrade for about 10 minutes and cooled to 40° C. Starter cultures of Traditional and probiotic yogurt (Lactobacillus casei) were added to the milk and incubated at 37° C until reaching to pH=4.6. Traditional yogurt as control and probiotic yogurts as sample were kept in the refrigerator. Different amounts of Jashir (10, 20 and 30 percent) were added to some probiotic yogurt. Then PH, acidity, synersis and sensorial properties of samples and controls were measured on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 over three replications. Results: The pH of probiotic yogurts (with and without Jashir) was significantly different from that of control yoghurt (days 7, 14 and 21) (p = 0.001) and all of them (except for 30% sample) conformed to National Iranian Standards (NIS). The acidity of probiotic yogurts was significantly different from the control (p = 0.037). The control and samples conformed to NIS. The synersis of yogurt samples was significantly different from control during storage (p = 0.001). As jashir percentage increased, the synersis of the samples decreased. Sensory evaluations including flavour, smell, dripping and color of probiotic yogurt samples compared to traditional yogurt did not exhibit any significant difference (p˃0.05) during the storage except for the taste (p = 0.001). Conclusion: probiotic yogurt containing 10 percent of Jashir is more valuable for consumer than traditional and other probiotic yogurts due to its desirable Physico-chemical and sensorial properties and dietary fiber content. Key words: Yogurt, Jashir, Physicochemical, Sensory evaluation

Study quality edible oil cooking fast food city of Mashhad

278

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Seyed Ali Sajjadi 1, Zohreh Rahnama Bargard2, Asiyeh Moteallemi3 Mahnaz Kharghani4

1 Seyed Ali Sajjadi, A. Prof. Environmental Health Engineering Dep and Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran (I.R.Iran); Email: [email protected] 2 MSc Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (I.R.Iran); Email: [email protected] 3 Faculty member, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Email: Iran [email protected] 4 MSc Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran (I.R.Iran); Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mahnaz Kharghani Abstract Currently, fast foods are very common around the world and it can be linked by the increasing number of fast food restaurants over the last decades. Deep frying of foods at high temperatures resulted in an increase in the unique sensorial properties of fried food including fried flavor, golden brown color and crispy texture. At the same time, many chemical reactions such as oxidation, polymerization, hydrolysis, etc occur in the food system, which ultimately change the physical and chemical properties of fat. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the oils quality used in 60 centers of fast food distribution in Mashhad city and its relation with the environmental health of these places. A validated questionnaire based on instruction from Ministry of Health and Medical Sciences was used for data collection and investigate the health status of the places and foods. Oil sampling was carried out according to the National Iranian Standard (No. 493). DOM-24 portable test device was used to measure the polarity (TPM), temperature and oil acidity, and to measure hydrogen peroxide, idometry method was used. The data was analyzed by SPSS softwareV.16 including t-test, ANOVA and Chi-squared for descriptive statistical parameters Of the providers of fast food distribution centers, 25% did not have health cards and 46.7% lacked health certificates. Also, 13.3% of the studied centers were inappropriate in terms of health .The mean of TPM, acidity and hydrogen peroxide values in the oils used in the studied centers were 31.85 ± 7.17, 3.73 ± 0.82 and 4.67 ± 6.68, respectively .The highest amount of TPM measured in oils used 7 times and in the range of 180-160 ° C, the highest amount of acidity in the temperature range of 180-160 ° C, the highest amount of peroxide measured in 6-ounce oils, and In the temperature range of 80-60 ° C the oils were used .Pearson correlation test showed a significant relationship between TPM value and acidity, temperature and duration of oil use.>0/05( P.) The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the amount of peroxide with Area, the amount of peroxide and the type of oil consumption, as well as between the amount of peroxide value and instruments hygiene. The results showed that the amount of hydrogen peroxide, polarity and acidity of oils in distribution centers was higher than the acceptable range. We recommend that the health inspectors monitor fried oils in these centers systematically. Keywords Total Polar Compound, peroxide, Fast Food, Mashhad

279

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A Review on Carbon Dots and Their Application in Food Fatemeh Salimi1*, Mehran Moradi2, Hossein Tajik3, Rahim Molaei4 1. MSc Student, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran. 2. Assi st ant Prof essor, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran. 3. Professor, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran. 4. Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177, Urmia, Iran. [email protected] Abstract Carbon Dots account for a new platform of nanomaterials in the range of 1 to 10 nm, synthesized by two up- down and bottom-up approaches. These nanoscale materials have been used in solar cells, image cells, chemical sensors, biosensors etc. They are strikingly considered due to their being as novel additive substances in food owing to their excellent fluorescence properties, low cost, easy synthesis, good permeability in the cell, high salt resistance, comfortable membrane penetration, high solubility in water, biocompatibility and , antimicrobial properties, In this review, the use of carbon dots in the detection of food additives, and harmful organic pollutants, the analysis of nutrient components of food, along with metal ions were studied. Keywords: Carbon Dots, Food, Synthesis, Nanomaterials.

280

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigating the causes of bread quality decline in Ahvaz city Khatereh Sarmadi 1, Farhad Safdari 2, Maryam Moron 3, Fereshteh Filban4 1 Khatereh Sarmadi*, Deputy of Health of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 2 Farhad Safdari, Deputy of Health of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 3 Maryam Moron, Deputy of Health of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences ; [email protected] 4 Fereshteh Filban, Deputy of Health of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences ; [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract Bread is one of the most important energy sources in Iran and its quality has high impact on public health index. To produce high quality bread it is necessary to obtain multiple condition including health condition, good equipment and increasing the number of skilled workers. Furthermore, good fermenting is the basic step for baking. The aim of this study was identifying the factors affecting bread quality, in Ahvaz bakeries. Taking into account physical, hygienic and equipment conditions, proficiency and experience of bakery workers, along with property of bread quality. The study indicated that concerning health issues and equipment less than 70% of Ahvaz bakeries had necessary facilities. Taking properties of bread quality non of the types of bread couldn’t obtain more than 75% points. According to importance of the role of temperature in baking and the intense heat in bakeries, we recommend implementation of supportive strategies for cooling equipment supply in bakeries and increasing the knowledge and skills of workers by launching a system for employing skilled bakers. Keywords: Bread, Fermentation, GMP

281

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Fluoride concentration of commercial dairy milk in Iran Shamim Hajiouni1, Sina Dobaradaran1,2,3 *, Amir Hossein Mahvi4,5,6, Bahman Ramavandi 2, Jörg Spitz7, Alireza Raeisi 2 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 3The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 6Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 7Akademie für menschliche Medizin GmbH, Krauskopfallee 27, 65388 Schlangenbad, Germany *Sina Dobaradaran, The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Boostan 19 Alley, Imam Khomeini Street, Bushehr, Iran, Tel./fax: +98 7514763448, Iran. E- mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract The fluoride concentrations of 10 brands of cow’s milk sold in Iran were analyzed and exposure to fluoride from milk consumption was calculated. The mean fluoride content of the samples was 0.023 mg/L with a range of 0.014 to 0.040 mg/L. The results of this study showed that the relatively low-level fluoride of commercially diary milk would not be expected to cause a significant increase in daily fluoride intake. Keywords: Fluoride, dairy milk, Iran.

282

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation the amount of bacterial infection of Salmonella in industrial and local eggs of Hamedan city Farzaneh Izadi1 1 bachelor's degree in health and quality control of food in the university of Hamedan; [email protected]

Abstract Introduction: Food born diseases in developing countries and even developed countries are one of the most important challenges facing and every year a large number of people are infected with infections or food poisoning, others lose their lives. Eggs are considered essential nutrients in the human diet, and diseases caused by infected eggs are known as a serious public health problem all over the world.Salmonollose is one of the most important common diseases between humans and animals produced by species of salmonella. The bacteria in the egg could also be transferred to the consumer through the contamination of the surface of the egg shell in the hen coop and through the mother hen when the egg is made and can cause the disease caused by food. In Iran, due to high consumption of eggs in the food program as well as the lack of sanitation in its production, it led to an investigation of the amount of nutrient pollution in the present of salmonella.This study was carried out in Hamedan city. Materials and methods: 100 industrial and local eggs with respect to national standards of Iran by 2025 and 1810 and AOAC method were randomly purchased from different city - level stores and were transferred to laboratory to performed bacteriologic tests. Results and discussion: The results showed that 18 % of the shells of industrial eggs, 58 % of the shell of local eggs, 4 % of the contents of the industrial eggs and 10 % of the contents of local eggs were labeled with salmonella. Due to the obtained results, there was relatively high pollution caused by salmonella in eggs samples, and due to the high incidence of pollution in local eggs samples, it could be concluded that the lack of respect for health care in production and supply were increased the amount of pollution. Conclusion: to prevent the disease caused by the consumption of eggs, observing hygienic standards and washing the shell of the egg before consumption should be taken into consideration. Keywords: disease, eeg, salmonella.

283

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of Chromium contamination in irrigated vegetables by industrial wastewater treatment plant effluent Masoud panahi fard 1,2, Sahand jorfi 2,3, Afshin Takdastan 4, Mohammad Reza Samarghandi 5, Amir Hosein Mahvi 6, Kamran Tari 7 1 PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, [email protected] 2 Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, [email protected] 3Assistant Professor of Environmental Health, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, 4Associate professor of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Takdastan-a.ajums.ac.ir 5 Departement of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, [email protected] 6 Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] 7 PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Kamran tari, PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Email: [email protected], Tel: +98918934130 Abstract Background: Vegetables are important nutritient of healthy diet. Contamination of vegetables to heavy metals through contaminated water could lead to bioaccumulation in the consumer’s body. Therefore, in this study, the amount of chromium in irrigated vegetables treated with sewage from the treatment plant of Alborz industrial city of Qazvin were investigated. Methodology: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional conducted in 2016. A total of 60 vegetable samples were harvested from 5 farms in a 4 months period, each month, 15 samples were taken from each field. After the preparation, atomic absorption was used to determine the amount of metals and for data analysis SPSS software was used. Results: The mean of chromium concentration in basil, radish, and onion was 0.078 ± 0.068, 0.022 ± 0.082 and 0.045 ± 0.093 mg / kg, respectively. According to the results, the chromium concentration in vegetables was lower than the WHO / FAO recommended limit. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the average chromium concentration in irrigated vegetables by Alborz industrial waste water treatment plant was coordinate to the standard rates. But since the volume of wastewater in factories was increasing, the concentration of this metal in the products that are irrigated by this wastewater must be monitored continuously. Keywords: Heavy metals, Vegetables, Industrial waste water.

284

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The effect of alcohol consumption on carcinogens from the point of view of Islam and medicine A. Yousefi-Ghaleh Salimi1, V. Dad2*, M. Saeida3, F. Rashidi4, P. Kazemi5, F. Bouzarjomehri6 1 Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran);Email address ([email protected]) 2 Reference Laboratory of Water and Wastewater ,Environment and Occupational Department , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;Email address ([email protected]) 3Department of nutrition, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;Email address ([email protected]) 5Reference Laboratory of Water and Wastewater ,Environment and Occupational Department , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;Email address ([email protected]) 5Department of Health Education, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;Email address ([email protected]) 6Department of Medical Physics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;Email address ([email protected]) Introduction: Cancer has grown as one of the major health problems in developing and advanced countries. According to the World Health Organization, 40% of deaths from cancer can be prevented. About one third of cancer deaths occured due to nutritional and behavioral risk factors such as physical inactivity, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, smoking, high body mass index and alcohol consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on carcinogenesis as well as other effects of drinking alcohol on human health in terms of Islam and medicine. Methods: A systematic study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines in seven databases and the selection of articles published during 2000-2016. The verses of the Qur'an and the Imams' Hadiths were examined. Findings: In five surahs, the Holy Qur'an and the Imams' Hadiths have emphasized the vindication of drinking because of social, economic, psychological, emotional and physical harm. There was also a significant relationship between alcohol consumption and increased risk of respiratory, perineal, prostate and breast cancer. It has also been reported to increase the risk of nasal cavity cancers, pyramidal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, lung, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, colon, rectum and anus cancer. Conclusion: Alcohol prohibited according to Islam's orders to interpret the verses of the Qur'an and the Imams' Hadiths. Scientific articles also confirm the effects of alcohol abuse on human health. Keywords: alcohol, cancer, Quran, health, traditions

285

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Analysis of microbial condition with a luminometer device in bakeries of Mashhad in 2018 Zahra esmaili 1, Hanieh mortazavi 2,Maryam sarkhosh3,*

1 Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Email address: ([email protected])

2Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Email address:([email protected])

3,*Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Email address:([email protected])

Abstract

Aim of study: Bread is the most perfect food God has gifted to man. Since it is a major part of people’s meals in a country like Iran, it has to be delivered to the masses with minimum contamination possible. this study is focused on Analyzing microbial condition in bakeries of district 7 of Mashhad.

Methodology: The present study is of descriptive-cross sectional type. It included 15 bakeries in district 7 of Mashhad during 6 months of 2018 (Apr-Sep). Selection of samples from among state-supported and private bakeries was performed in a fully random manner. Measurement of microbial contents in each bakery was performed by portable luminometer device at 3 stages: paste preparation tank, surface of work tables, palms of bakers. The collected data were then matched with device standard values and analyzed by Excel.

Results: From among 45 cases of microbial measurement, microbial contents were within acceptable limits only in 13.3% for palms and 13.3% for work tables. Despite the fact that 88% of 53 bakery workers had hygienic training cards from health authorities and 64% had hygienic cards from guild authorities, it made no contribution to reduction of microbial contents. No significant difference was observed between state- supported and private bakeries either.

Conclusion: Given the significance of hygiene in bakeries and the vital role of bakers in the nutrition of masses, special intensive trainings are in order for promotion of community health and quality of bread products through proper washing, cleansing and disinfecting of containers, systems, surfaces and hands of bakery staff

Keywords: Bakery, health, luminator, microbial content, Mashhad

286

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Toxicity evaluation of the hospital raw and treated wastewater on seed germination, root growth, stem and leaf of some vegetables Atefeh Zahedi1, Masoumeh Sheikhi2, Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni3 1MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Students Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding author:[email protected] Abstract Effluent wastewater treatment plant after reaching to the standard as the source of irrigation in agriculture is common in many developing countries as well as in developed countries. The use of treated wastewater for agricultural purposes and recreational activities is of great importance because of the limitation of water resources around the world, especially countries like Iran, facing water scarcity. Before using wastewater for agriculture, it is better to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of wastewater on crops. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of raw and treated hospital wastewater on seed germination and growth parameters of selected crop species of vegetables. In this study, toxicity effects of different concentrations (0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 10 % v/v) of raw and treated hospital wastewater was studied on seed germination, root growth, stem and leaf of three vegetables; Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens and Lepidium sativum, in petri plate culture method with three replications in completely randomized design. After 0 – 10 days, parameters including: germination percentage, germination rate index, growth parameters (root, shoot and leaf length), and biomass were calculated. Also, BOD5, COD, TSS, pH, TDS, EC, Free residual chlorine and microbial quality of wastewater were analyzed. Results showed that; No meaningful relationship was found between the control, raw and treated wastewater samples in seed germination capacity. Root, shoot and leaf length was found to be increased with increase in concentration of wastewater. Thus, according to these results, hospital wastewater can be used for irrigation purposes in agricultural practices after proper treatment. But, we know that, hospital wastewater can contain hazardous substances, such as pharmaceutical residues, chemical hazardous substances, pathogens, and radioisotopes, that have to be more cautious. Keywords: Hospital Wastewater, Seed germination, Root, Shoot, Leaf, Vegetable seed

287

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of the Effect of Electromagnetic Beam on Shigella Dysenteriae in Beef Hengameh Zandi 1, Bahador Hajimohammadi 1, Gilda Eslami1, Saeedeh sadat Hoseini1, Mojtabba poursabbaghian2, Ahmad Baghbani2, Seyed Saba Hashemi2, Elahe Loni*1,2 1. Research Centre for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2. Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd,Iran *Corresponding author: Elahe Loni ([email protected]) Abstract Meat products play an important role in feeding families. One of the main sources of meat used is beef. Shigella is a gram-negative rod and the Shigella dysenteriae is the main cause of bloody diarrhea. Presence of Shigella dysenteriae strains on the meat and consumption by human can cause gastroenteritis .Until now, many studies have been done on gamma-ray effects on the destruction of various pathogens in meat species. But the effect of electron beam radiation on the reduction of Shigella dysenteriae population on meat has been less studied . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electron beam on the survival of Shigella dysenteriae in beef .In this study, due to the absence of any microbial contamination, samples of meat were sterilized by irradiation with a dose of 20 kGy. Then sterilized meat samples were inoculated by Shigella dysenteriae (ATCC12022). The samples were irradiated by at doses of 1, 3, 5 kGy. Microbial contamination of samples was measured at days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7. The results of the study showed that the number of Shigella dysenteriae in beef samples that were irradiated with doses of 1, 3 and 5 kGy decreased during days of 1 to 7, and no significant difference was found(p>0.05). There are several ways to prevent corruption and increase the shelf- life of foods, one of the newest methods is the use of beams. Electron beam could be very effective in eliminating of Shigella dysenteriae in beef samples and ensuring safety of consumers. Keywords: Meat, Shigella dysenteriae, Electron beam, Increased durability

288

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of the microbial load the surface of facilities in the selected food supply and distribution centers using rapid sanitation assays in Malayer-Iran Mehrdad Zanganeh1, Moharam Zanganeh2, Kamran Tari3, Milad Mousazadeh*4 1 1MSc of environmental health engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2PhD Student in Health Services Management, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 3 PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 4 MSc Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran *Corresponding author: MSc Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Email: [email protected] Abstract Introduction & Objective: A wide range of microorganisms are related to the transmission of food-borne diseases.It is important to consider cleaning and hygiene of surfaces and equipment used in the supply and distribution of food. This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial burden of surfaces and equipment in food supply and distribution centers. Methods: This study was carried out in a period of 6 months (on march20 to september20, 2018) at the selected food supply and distribution centers in Malayer. As many as 82 equipment and surfaces in the selected centers were evaluated using hygiene-v.2. Results: Analysis of the microbial load showed that; tray and workbench were more polluted than surfaces and other devices. This may be due to using cloths for cleaning the roasted grill and fast food shops. It seems that, the contaminants in the kitchens are the main reason microbial load of the dishes (plate and spoon). Conclusion: The high level of contamination of certain surfaces and equipment, needs continuous monitoring. Keywords: Microbial load, food supply, Contaminants

289

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

First detection of Siberian subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) viral RNA in raw milk samples in Northwest of Iran Angineh Parsadanians1, Hessam Mirshahabi1, Masoud Yavarmanesh2 1-Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran; [email protected] 1-Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran; [email protected] 2-Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran [email protected] *Corresponding author: Hessam Mirshahabi Introduction: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus causes one of the most important flaviviral infections in the human CNS. Three subtypes of TBEV have been identified: the European (TBEV-Eur), the Siberian (TBEV-Sib) and Far-Eastern (TBEV-FE). The Siberian subtype of TBE virus are most common subtype. TBE virus (TBEV) is mainly transmitted by tick bites and in some cases by unpasteurized milk. In recent years, the rate incidence of TBE infection has increased due to birds migration to newer areas.

Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study 180 unpasteurized milk samples were collected from 60 cows, 60 goats and 60 sheep bred on 7 farms in the northwest of Iran. Milk samples were tested in order to detect the subtypes of tick-born encephalitis virus using nested-RT-PCR and the presence of anti-TBEV antibodies were tested using ELISA test simultaneously. Results: By RT-PCR, the highest prevalence of TBE virus was found in the sheep milk (4.4%), which is similar to goat milk (4.4%) and cow milk (0%). All detected strains were Siberian subtype. By ELISA test, the most observed anti-TBEV antibodies were in the sheep (4.4%), goat (2.2%) and cow milk (1.1%), respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that there is a potential risk of infection with TBEV by raw milk in new non-endemic areas, which confirms the importance of thermal processing (milk pasteurization) before consumption. Keywords: Raw milk, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, RT-PCR, Subtyping

290

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Modelling and Emission of Pollutants

291

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Modelling of transformation procedure of heavy metals in liquids waste resulting from landfill in the underground sources of Boroujen Township using MT3DMS code Seyed Karim Alavi Dehkordi1*, Alieza Esmaeilpour Dehkordi2, Shahla Moradianfard Juneghani 3 1 MSc Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; [email protected] 2 MSc Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, [email protected] 3 MSc Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, [email protected] *Corresponding author: Seyed Karim Alavi Dehkordi, [email protected] Abstract Control and examining the amount of underground water sources, especially in the areas which are considered as a low-rain area is a main principle in long-lasting use of these sources. The purpose of this study is, simulation of the flow of underground sources in Boroujen Township lands using GMS software. Also, the closure areas of some important wells were conducted via MODPATH code and the qualitative simulation of the process of pollution movement in the underground waters was conducted by MT3DMS code in the region. The reason for the mentioned pollution was landfills of the surrounding towns and villages. Finally, a quantative model was obtained which is able to favorably predict the direction and speed of the water flow. It was conducted by entering the monthly average data and the level of underground water. The direction of flow and the density of pollution was also obtained for different times and places. The results showed that the density of pollution in Boroujen landfill doubles for existing landfills when the amount of pollution infiltration into underground water doubles. Moreover, if the primary density of the pollutant in the landfill doubles, the amount of density in all landfills double. Keywords: underground sources, Boroujen land, landfill, liquids waste, heavy metals

292

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Study of noise pollution in Semnan city Masoud feshki1, Hamid belgheis zadeh2, Mostafa khademi3, Maryam karim4 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran 4 Environmental Health Engineering, Semnan Health Center, medical University Tehran Corresponding Author: Environmental Health Engineering graduate student and auditor OHSAS 18000, Islamic Azad University E-mail: [email protected] Abstract introduction and importance of the issue: Voice pollution is one of the most important environmental pollutants that endangers human health in different dimensions. Contact standard voice-over can be a potential source of injuries and physical and mental disorders. Considering the harmful effects of noise pollution on the health of the community, evaluation of the equivalent sound level and determining the level of noise pollution in urban environments is very important. In this study, 21 samples were collected for measuring of noise pollution in Semnan city in December 1396 and July 1397. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between 1396 and 1397 in the city of Semnan. The 21 stations were selected in different areas to check noise pollution, different time periods to calculate or the equivalent level was found. For the measurement of sound in different areas of Semnan and according to the number ANSI-SI4-1971, the sound meter Tes 1353H SotSONG model was used. Then the results arrived at Excel and eventually evaluated. Results and discussion: The measurements showed that the noise level in the cold season was lower than the warm season and the measured noise was higher than the standard for residential and industrial areas. The highest level of sound level measured relative to the standard square and Malek Street (Opposite the store ofogh korosh). Nebotbay also showed that the main sources of noise in the city of Semnan is due to transportation vehicles. The results show that in some stations and in some hours of sound pressure level compared to other places for various reasons increases. Conclusion: The results indicate that the average of the obtained standard is higher than the Iranian standard, therefore, it is necessary to take serious action to control the sound and prevent its complications. Expansion of green space and the use of plants in urban architecture, preventing the sale of surplus residential densities, the prohibition of the use of abusive devices, the construction of subways and ... are among the ways suggested in this research. Key words: Voice Pollution, Semnan, Desert, sound level meter

293

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of pollution and zoning of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and nickel) in water and sediment of Alagol wetland

Z Yousefi1, A Zafarzadeh2, R A Mohammadpour3, E Babanezhad Oarimi 4,M Shokrzadeh 5, A Fouladian6*, V Kheir Abadi7 1. Professor of Department of Environmental Health, Health Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Assistant professor of Environmental Health researcher center ,school of health,golestsn university of Medical Sciences Gorgan,iran 3. Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 4. Associated Professor of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 5. professor of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 6. MSc Student of Environmental Health Engineering of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 7. Ph.D. student of Fisheries Department, School of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan Abstract Wetlands are one of the most important environmental elements of the earth. Heavy metals pollution is one of the environmental issues in aquatic environments. Also, these valuable ecosystems are among the most threatened elements. The condition of Ala gol wetland is very important for the pollution of heavy metals. This descriptive study was carried out in the summer and autumn of 2016 to determine the contamination of heavy metals (nickel, cadmium and lead) in 50 samples of 5 different zones of water and sediments of Allah wetland and its zoning using GIS software and IDW interpolation method was used. The average concentration of cadmium, lead and nickel in water in summer was 0.13, 0.89, 1.64 μg / l, and 0.658, 0.214.3.34 μg / l, respectively. The average concentration of cadmium, lead and nickel in sediment in summer was 19.085, 2103.261, 489.97 μg / kg dry weight, respectively and autumn mean 11.69, 1796.53, 353.115 μg / kg dry weight, respectively. The amount of heavy metals measured in water and sediments is below global standards, as well as agricultural activities, rural sewage, fishing and tourism have been the main reasons for the presence of metals in this wetland. Keywords: Ala gol Wetland, Heavy Metals, Sediment, Golestan

294

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Molecular detection of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae bacteria by PCR in ballast water of commercial ships entering the Bushehr port Farshid Soleimani1, Reza Taherkhani2,3, Sina Dobaradaran1,4,5,* 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. E-mail:[email protected] 2The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 3Department of Health Sciences, School of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 5Systems Environmental Health, Oil, Gas and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran *The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Boostan 19 Alley, Imam Khomeini Street, Bushehr, Iran, Tel.fax: +98 7514763448, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Aim of study: The international marine industry transports approximately 90% of the world’s commodities. One of inadvertent subsequences of this traffic is the transport and delivery of organisms from one place to another via ballast water, which is carried by ships to control draft, constancy and trim. In this study PCR technique was used to detect of E. coli and Vibrio cholera in ballast water of commercial ships entering the Bushehr port. Methodology: In this study, 34 samples of ballast water studied by using culture and PCR methods. Genomic DNA of bacterial strains was extracted with commercial kit. PCR was performed by using specific primers of E. coli and vibrio choleraResults: The specific Stx1 and Stx2 genes targets of E. coli, were detected in 3(8.82%) of all ballast water samples and the positive samples were tested by antisera methods for E.coli O157: H7. Results showed that there were O157:H7 serotype between the E. coli isolates. The results of the PCR techniques showed that the specific OmpW gene target of Vibrio cholera, were negative for all positive ballast water samples

295

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Cigarette butts abundance and association of metals along the Persian Gulf beach Sina Dobaradaran1,2,3,*, Torsten Schmidt44, Reza Saeedi5, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi6, Mozhgan Keshtkar1, Nahid Khajeahmadi1 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 2The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 3Systems Environmental Health, Oil, Gas and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 4 Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany. 5School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Boostan 19 Alley, Imam Khomeini Street, Bushehr, Iran, Tel.fax: +98 7514763448, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Aim of study: The toxic metal contents of cigarette butts and distribution of cigarette butts have not been studied well in maritime environment. In the present study, cigarette butts distribution and the associations of metals from cigarette butts were monitored along the Persian Gulf with 10 days interval sampling time. Methodology: Hg and Pb were extracted from cigarette butts by using a modified aqua regia extraction. The filtered samples were analyzed for the contents of Hg and Pb by using a cold vapor and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian AA240, USA). The contents of Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn analysed by using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian AA240, USA). Results: The number of cigarette butts, and Hg and Pb associations of butts were found to vary widely between 2 and 38 items per square meter, 2.5 and 86.32 ng/g cigarette butt (CB), as well as 650 and 8630 ng/g CB, respectively. Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that there were no significant differences between the number of butts, and Hg and Pb contents of the butts at different sampling times. The Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn contents of cigarette butts were found to vary widely between 0.16 and 0.67 μg/g, 79.01 and 244.97 μg/g, 0.12 and 0.48 μg/g, 1.13 and 3.27 μg/g, 4.29 and 12.29 μg/g, 6.39 and 21.17 μg/g, and 38.29 and 123.1 μg/g, respectively. A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that there were no significant differences between the Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn contents of cigarette butts at different sampling times.

296

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that remarkable metals including Hg, Pb Cd, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn may enter maritime environment each year and may introduce critical hazards to aquatic organisms, enter food chain, and finally human body.

Keywords: Abundance, Cigarette butts, Metals, Persian Gulf.

297

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Life Cycle assessment and comparison of different urban waste management scenarios based on the IWM1 model (Case study: Nour City) Zeynab Karimi1, Mohammad Ali Zazouli2 and Reza Rafiiee3

1 MSc Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran, Email: [email protected] 2Department of Enviromenta l Health Engineering, Factuly of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran; Email: [email protected] 3Assistant Professor Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Email:[email protected] Corresponding author: Mohammad Ali Zazouli

Abstract Due to population growth, the rapid growth of technology and changing living patterns, the amount of waste produced and their entry into the environment are increasing dramatically.Poor or incorrect waste management leads to environmental pollution and, ultimately, risks to health. Therefore, municipal solid waste management (MSW) needs to be planned at all stages. Life cycle assessment is one of the decision tools that has been introduced and used in the last decade. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the life cycle of the current waste management system in the city of Nour and other scenarios from an environmental point of view and to determine priorities in decision making to improve waste management. For this purpose, five scenarios included: 1) compost + unsafe landfill 2) compost + landfill hygienic 3)incineration + landfill hygienic 4) compost + incineration + landfill hygienic 5) landfill was considered unsanitary. Life cycle checklist was gathered by reviewing the resources and research projects completed, preparing a questionnaire and completing it by personnel and desert work. Life cycle checklist was implemented using the IWM1 model. Then, the results of the blackout were assigned to 5 categories of effects including energy consumption, greenhouse gases, acid gases, photochemical smog and toxic emissions. The values of the inventory were multiplied by the characteristics of the characteristics and finally the ecological index was obtained for each of the scenarios. From the environmental point of view, the results of this study showed that the compost + incineration+ landfill hygienic scenario has a significant role in reducing the burden of pollutants and energy consumption from the waste management system. Keywords: Life Cycle assessment, waste, Nour, Landfill

298

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Association of benzene exposure with insulin resistance and oxidative stress in children and adolescents Mohammad Mehdi Amin 1,2, Nasim Rafiei 2,3, Ensiyeh Taheri 1,2, Ali Fatehizadeh1,2, Forouzan Hemami2 1 Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 3 Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Corresponding author: Nasim Rafiei, Email address: [email protected] Abstract Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant with various health effects. It is reported that benzene exposure might be associated with insulin resistance in elderly adults. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between urinary benzene metabolite, trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t- ma) and oxidative stress and insulin resistance in children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among 86 children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years, living in Isfahan, Iran. T,t-ma was measured as urinary benzene metabolite and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was determined as an index of insulin resistance. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed as oxidative stress markers. We found a significant association between insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose and fasting blood insulin with t,t-ma; p-values were 0.002, 0.03 and 0.001, respectively (p<0.05). Results indicated that benzene metabolite in higher concentrations in comparison with lower concentrations increases the risk of insulin resistance 13.3 fold. Moreover, after adjustment for age, sex and household passive smoking, statistically significant increase were documented in SOD and MDA (4.49 and 3.54 fold, respectively) in intermediate levels of t,t-ma vs. low levels of t,t-ma; p-values were 0.01 and 0.034, respectively (p<0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the association between benzene metabolites and insulin resistance in the pediatric age group. It showed that benzene exposures, even in environmental levels, might be associated with insulin resistance in children and adolescents. Keywords: Benzene, Insulin resistance, Oxidative stress, Children

299

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Health effects of Ahvaz Megacity Criteria Air Pollutants (MCAP) in Humans during 2010-2013 Sahar Geravandi1, Abolhasan Afkar2, Farid Yousefi3, Bayram Hashemzadeh4, Fatemeh Darabi1, Ahmad Reza Yari5, Sina Dobaradaran6, Hamed Biglari7, Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi8, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi1,9* 1Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran 2Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 3Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 4Khoy university of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran 5Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. 6Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 7Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. 8Health Care System of Karoon, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 9Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health AND Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Corresponding author: Mohammad Javad Mohammadi - Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran; E-mail address: [email protected] - [email protected] Abstract Nowadays, a large number of health endpoint such as increased disease rates, treatment costs and death caused by criteria air pollutants have been a serious problem for humans. The aim of this study was to estimate the health endpoint of Ahvaz Megacity Criteria Air Pollutants (MCAP) in humans during 2010-2013. Criteria Air Pollutants (CAP) were monitored by Ahvaz Environmental Protection Agency (AEPA). This study, evaluated the health effects which are related to particle mater (PM10), Ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfide dioxide (SO2) by descriptive analysis and AirQ model. Sampling according to EPA guideline was done and baseline incidence (BI) and relative risk (RR) measures by the World Health Organization (WHO) for Middle East region were used in order to estimate the health effects association of criteria air pollutants. Result of this study is useful for better understanding of relationship between exposure to criteria air pollution and health effects. Hospital Admission (HA) were Hospital Admission Respiratory Disease (HARD), Hospital Admission

300

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (HACOPD), Hospital Admission Cardiovascular Disease (HACD). According to the result of this study, the annual cases of hospital admission during 2010-2013 were

(PM10: 3116, 3246, 3026 and 2895; O3: 37, 42, 51 and 72; NO2: 10, 13, 21 and 25; SO2: 25, 31, 35 and 42), the average annual level of CAP in the same period were (PM10: 281.98, 288.38, 278.12 and 242.29; O3: 66.52,

3 72.67, 102.27 and 223; NO2: 28.7, 31, 37 and 41; SO2: 78.92, 91.07, 92.75 and 112.3 μg/m ), respectively. Based on the results, the average of 4-year study was higher than NAAQS and WHO values. The concentration of exposure to criteria air pollutants can increased morbidity and mortality between residential in Ahvaz megacity. Results of our study can be very important for government, medical, public health and scientific. Also, this study can helped to government for adoption of laws which are related to air pollution and achieve international air quality standards. Hence, it is necessary to reduce emission of criteria air pollution sat national management level. Keywords: Health effects, Criteria Air Pollutants, Humans, Ahvaz, Iran.

301

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of organophosphorous pesticide in serum blood using liquid-liquid Microextraction Method by HPLC Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkha1* , sajedeh ebrahimabadi1, fatemeh hemmatneshan1 , parisa sarfarazi1 , nadia dahmardeh1 , nahid shafighi1 1- Department of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Public Health , Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol, Iran Author: Assistant professor,Head of Departement, Head of college, Zabol University of Medical Sciences. Zabol. Iran Phone: 05432232190, Email: [email protected]

Abstract Organophosphate insecticides are a major group of chemical insecticides, which are increasingly used worldwide, especially in developing countries. Organophosphate pesticides and carbamates are the most used to fight plant pests. Organophosphorus compounds are the largest and most diverse group of pesticides available, accounting for about 40% of the world's recorded pesticides In this study, the levels of diazinon and chlorpyrifos were measured in blood serum of farmers as well as cucumber products. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 20 serum samples of farmers and 10 cucumber samples. Cucumber product was randomly collected from the city of Zabol. Extraction of diazinon and chloropyfus was performed by liquid-liquid extraction method using diethyl ether and acetone. Methanol and acetonitrile were used to extract toxins from cucumber samples. The concentrations of organophosphate pesticides were measured by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detector. The results of the experiment showed that none of the blood serum samples and cucumber has residues of diazinon and chloropius. The detection limit of the method was 0.096 μg / L for diazinon and 0.98 μg / L for chlorpyrifos by this method. Keywords: Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Serum, Cucumber

302

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The Effect of exposure to ambient air pollutants on cardiovascular mortality in Arak, Iran Mostafa Vahedian1, Narges Khanjani2*, Moghaddameh Mirzaee 3, Ali Koolivand4 1. PhD in Epidemiology, Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Email: [email protected] 2. Associate Professor, Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Email: [email protected] 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Email: [email protected] Arak University of Faculty of Health٫ Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering٫ .4 Iran Arak٫ Medical Sciences٫ Email: [email protected] Corresponding Author: Dr Narges Khanjani, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Tel/Fax: 034-3132-5102, Email: [email protected] Abstract

Background: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems around the world. This study aimed to estimate cardiovascular mortality related to NO2, PM10, SO2 and O3 concentration in Arak City in 2014. Methods: Data about air pollutant concentrations including NO2, PM10, SO2 and O3, in the urban population of Arak, in 2014; were inquired, from the Arak Environmental Department. Cardiovascular mortality related to air pollutant exposure were estimated using baseline incidences (BI) and relative risks (RR) based on the World Health Organization (WHO) databases and the AirQ2.2.3 software. Results: The results showed that the annual average of PM10, NO2, O3 and SO2 was 69, 38, 57 and 53, µg/m3 respectively during the study period. The number of excess cases for cardiovascular mortality in the central RR for PM10, SO2, O3, and NO2 was 138.1, 100.3, 55.4, and 16.6, respectively. Conclusions: This study showed that PM10 and SO2 have the greatest adverse health effects in relation to cardiovascular mortality in Arak. Keywords: Air-Q; air pollution; Cardiovascular Diseases; Arak; Iran

303

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Finding an urban landfill with GIS and multi-variable analysis in Bojnoord Plain Ahmad Khorsandi Aghai 1, Nader Salmanikhas 2* Adel Dadsetan 3 1 Assistant professor, Faculty of Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] 2 Assistant professor, Faculty of Water and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] engineer of groundwater, [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract One of the most important environment difficulties of the modern era involves the undesirable effects of urban solid waste landfills on the environment and in particular the groundwater environment. The most important concern in a search for suitable urban waste landfills is to ensure that it has the least negative effects on the environment and the society. Most sitting procedures are based on the application of GIS, which relies on digital data. To identify zones of acceptable potential for burial of Bojnoord's urban wastes, 12 digital layers were prepared using the GIS software and were correlated together. Consequently, the surface areas of the studied sites were divided into different zones from 1 to 10 with the higher scores denoting more suitable areas. In this process, two sites with the high score of 10 (best location) were identified at southeast and west of the Bojnoord's aquifer, and their characteristics were studied separately. Keywords: Groundwater, identification of waste landfill, impact of solid wastes on aquifer

304

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Environmental Impact Assessment of stone quarries Using RIAM Method (Case Study: two Granite and Marble stone quarries) Seyed Ali Sajjadi 1, Horyeh Naddaf 2, Zahra Aghalari 3, Zohreh Rahnama Bargard4, Mahnaz Kharghani5 1 Seyed Ali Sajjadi, A. Prof. Environmental Health Engineering Dep and Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran (I.R.Iran); Email: [email protected] 2 MSc Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran (I.R.Iran); Email: [email protected] 3 MSc Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran (I.R.Iran); Email: [email protected] 4 MSc Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (I.R.Iran); Email: [email protected] 5 MSc Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran (I.R.Iran); Email: [email protected]

*Corresponding author: Mahnaz Kharghani Abstract Background and Objective: theoretical and practical context conducting new methods for assessing effects in Iran has not been provided. In this case study in Granite and marble stone quarries in in Khorasan Razavi province, provides suitable basis for criticizing and testing a new method for evaluating impacts. Materials: There are various ways to assess the environmental impacts of projects that are selected in a country with the expertise of specialists, information, budget and time and computer technology. In this research, using the RIAM method, effects of each of the locations expressed are evaluated and evaluated on the environment of the regions. Results: physical-chemical factors had the most negative effects, which obtained a score of -72 to - 208. Studies in relation to the assessment of developmental developments of various industries and mines have shown that in practice, it is impossible to completely eliminate the negative effects and impacts of industrial and mining projects. Conclusion: According to the authors, it is possible to reduce the negative effects of exploitation of mines, such as Khorasan Razavi stone, through corrective measures and non-practical methods in the form of environmental management program. Therefore, with the implementation of environmental considerations, the continued exploitation of the Khorasan Razavi stone mine can, in addition to achieving the national development goals, create jobs and establish infrastructure. They also believe that reviewing existing methods of assessing impacts and determining their position in recognizing the extent of the development of this field will be of great help.

305

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Keywords: Environmental impact assessment, stone quarries, RIAM method, Khorasan Razavi

306

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Modeling and optimization of US-Electroproxone process (US-EPP) in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by RSM: Case study Majid Kermani1, Jamal Mehralipour2, Zahra Forghani3, Parisa Farmani3, Zohreh Berizi4 1 Associate Professor of Environmental Health Engineering Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science; Email address: [email protected] 2Ph.D Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health Branch, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran ;Email address: [email protected] 3BS Environmental Health Engineering, School of Medicine Saveh, Saveh, Markazi; Email address: [email protected] 4MSC, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran ; Email address: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Zohreh Berizi Abstract Presence of pharmaceutical compounds in pharmaceutical industry wastewater has caused the treatment of this wastewater to be difficult and discharging into the environment sources without treating would cause environmental concerns. Advanced oxidation processes with direct and indirect oxidation have been proposed as a new technology in this field. The aim of this study was used US- EPP in treatment of pharmaceutical industry wastewater. This process reduces organic pollution by using several mechanisms such as sonolysis, electrolysis, ozonation and indirect oxidation (radical hydroxyl). In this experimental study, a sonoelectroractor with a useful volume of 250 cc equipped with graphene-platinum electrodes was used. The electrodes were connected monopolar directly to direct current source. Also, an ultrasonic instrument with a power of 350 W and frequency of 40 kHz was used. By using the RSM as a statistical model, the parameters such as pH in range (2-4), electric current (0.5-1 A), concentration of ozone gas (1-2 mg/L.min), reaction time (120-240 min) was optimized based on the highest COD removal in process. After wastewater sampling from output of production line, some parameters including COD, BOD5, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, etc were analyzed. According to the results, it was found that the process efficiency at pH =3.72, electrical current was 0.97 A, concentration of ozone was 1.29 mg/l.min and reaction time was 235 minutes was highest. In optimum conditions, initial COD decrease from 16500 mg/L to 1150 mg/L (93 percent efficiency). With a significance level of 95%, the p-Value was 0.043 which indicated the suitability of the model. The sum of squares (R2=0.86) indicated that the model has acceptable accuracy. Based on the results, it was found that the efficiency of process could reduce COD to standard set by the industrial city organization, and this process could be used as pre-treatment process before wastewater discharged into the sewage collection. Keywords: US- Electroproxone, pharmaceutical wastewater, Response Surface Methodology.

307

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The mathematical model for the collection of municipal solid waste with a minimum of cost at the best place Tahereh Bakhshi 1, Saghar Valiyari Eskandari2, Maryam Bakhshi 3 1 Bachelor of Environmental Health Engineering, Arak University of Medical Sciences; [email protected] 2 Master of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad Arak University, Arak, Iran; [email protected] 3 Master of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad Arak University, Arak, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Tahereh Bakhshi Abstract Wates from human activities have caused many awful problems for human kind. life style changes have had huge impacts on it and have led to the production of more hazardous wastes with longer life spans. One of the effective methods for managing the wastes is collecting and returning them to the production cycle. On the one hand it creates new material and increases employment, on the other hand it prevents environmental pollution. The purpose of the present research is investigating about the way of waste collection in the special stations, sending to the factories which change them to raw materials and ultimately sending raw material to customers. In addition the costs of reverse logistics network design for collecting solid urban wastes and location of collecting stations are considered. The problem is designed as a two-level model that we changed it to one-level model by Dogan method. Then it was solved by Lingo. On the top of that we investigate Arak city to exactly implement the proposed model. Keywords: Mathematical Modeling, Reverse Logistics, Municipal Solid Waste, Location.

308

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of the Subway Role in Air Pollution Reduction Elham Alsadat Heidari1, Maryam Sarkhosh2*, Aleme Baniasadi3, Malihe Zanjani Tabasi4

1-M.S, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email address: [email protected] 2-Asistant professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email address: [email protected] (corresponding author) 3-B.S. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email address: [email protected] 4-B.S. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Email address: [email protected]

Abstract Due to rapid urban growth and increasing the population, most people living in cities have started to use the public transportation system. The metro rail system has also developed across the metropolises, along with this expansion, to provide the security and convenience for passengers. The aim of this study was examine the role of Metro in reducing the air pollution in Mashhad in the winter of 2016. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, by collecting data from the related governmental organization in the field of public transportation, we evaluated the role of the urban train network on the air quality of Mashhad city. By measuring the air pollution index using Air Quality Monitoring stations and comparing them, the results of this study showed that the emission of hazardous pollutants such as CO, NOX and HC were decreased by 48, 35 and 17 percent in the winter of 2016 compared to the same period in last year. Moreover, saving diesel fuel and gasoline was observed to be 87% and 13%, respectively. According to the results of this research, it can be observed that encouraging the public to use the urban train and developing this transport fleet in other parts of city with heavy-traffic, in addition to saving time, cost and fuel could be a great help to decrease the air pollution in metropolitan areas such as Mashhad. Keywords: Urban Trains, Air Pollution, Pollutants

309

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Zoning of qualitative variables of groundwater using by GIS FatemehZahra Takin1, Younes Khosravi 2, AbbasAli Zamani2 1 Master's degree students in Environmental Science, University of Zanjan, [email protected] 2 Assistant Professor of Environmental Science, University of Zanjan, {Khosravi}{Zamani}@znu.ac.ir Abstract Background & Objectives: Underground water is an important part of renewable resources and a high percentage of total fresh water available on the planet, which today has been reduced by a large number of them and the rest has been contaminated with various toxic substances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of these water, which can be an effective step in improving the condition and management of these valuable resources. Methods & Materials: In this research, 109 sampling stations related to the southern and southwestern parts of Dalek plain of Bushehr province were investigated in 2016. The qualitative variables were the total soluble solids, electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio, and the data introduced to ArcMAP after normalization, their zoning maps were drawn in this condition. Kriging method was used to infer the qualitative variables. Results: The zoning maps confirmrd that the concentration of the studied parameters in the western and southwest parts of the study area has the highest level and has decreased with the movement to the eastern and central parts of them. Conclusion: Due to agricultural land, the high concentration of the samples was seen in the western and southwestern part of studied area. Keywords: Water pollution, ArcMAP, Geostatistic, Bushehr

310

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Assessment of cigarette accessibility on men smoker population in rural areas, A case study Mahmood Alimohammadi1, Seyed Yaser Hashemi1, Kamaladdin Karimyan2,1* 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. *Corresponding author: Kamaladdin Karimyan, Email: [email protected] Abstract Smoking is one of the most important preventable causes of death in the world. Establishing restrictions on tobacco accessibility decrease availability and use of tobacco products. In this study, we attempt to determine the access to cigarettes and its effect on the number of men smokers in the villages of the county in Kurdistan province in Iran. Distance to the nearest town, Men smokers and the center of supplying cigarettes for 163 villages extracted and all data analyzed by R 3.5.1 Software. The results showed that with increasing distance from cities the number of men smoker’s decreases significantly (P-value < 0.001) and by decreasing the number of places for distribution of cigarette, the number of men smoker’s decreases significantly (P-value < 0.001). The results of this study indicated that easy accessible to cigarettes can lead to more male addiction to cigarette smoking that by reducing the accessibility it can be practical way to decrease the men smokers. Keywords: Assessment, Cigarette, Accessibility, Men smokers.

311

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of coliform contamination of the Balikhloo River of Ardebil in the upstream of Yamchi Dam Mehdi Vosoughi 1, Parvin Fathi 2*, Mina Moradi3, Saeed Parastar 1, Farzad Mahdavian 3, Maryam Mousavi 2

1- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student research committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran ([email protected] and [email protected]) 2- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran ([email protected] and [email protected]) 3- Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran ([email protected] and [email protected]) Abstract Introduction: Balikhloo River is one of the most important rivers in Ardebil province and one of the main branches of the Ghareh Sou River. It passes through several areas such as cities and villages. Since the Balikhloo River is major sources of drinking water in the cities of Nir, Sarein and Ardebil, maintaining water quality of river is important. This study was carried out to evaluate the microbial quality of the Balikhloo River. Materials and Methods: In this study, samples were collected from 15 stations as sensitive points located on upstream of the Balikhloo River before the Yamchi dam in summer. Total coliform and fecal coliform were determined using 15 tubes methods. Results: Distribution of MPN along the sampling path showed that relatively high concentration of Coliform were obseved in the stations downstream of the mineral hot water of Valiasr village, mineral hot water of Borjloo, village of Borjloo and after the mineral hot water of Saghezchi. The MPN value at the 13th station (Aghlaghan River conjunction) was higher than the global standard. The results also showed the decrease in the number of coliform bacteria in stations of 4 to 7 were aassigned. The maximum MPN / 100ml of bacteria in the studied stations varied from 79.74 to 3901.95. Conclusion: Since the main water source of the Yamchi Dam is the Balikhloo River it is necessary to control this type of contamination along the river. Keyword: Pollution, Coliform, Balikhloo River, Ardabil Province

312

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Students health management based on designing and implementing a sustainable supply chain with an emphasis on quality and environment)A Case Study at Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch( Shahin Rajaei Qazlue 1*, Arash Afsahi 2 1 Dept. of industrial engineering, Aliabad katool Branch, Islamic Azad University, Golestan, Iran; [email protected] 2 Dept. of industrial engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract Nowadays, the Iranian universities due to the increase in the student numbers in recent years, require more care than in the past in terms of quality and quantity of services in their students. Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, the issue is no exception (over 15,000 students). One of the main services of this University for students in addition to teaching and research is the Nutrition and Health issues. This is due to the fact that the large volume of students is very important and has a significant impact on the environment and related factors. According to rules which established by the government as well as public pressure, these universities should implement strategies for reducing pollution in different areas of the environment. Sustainable supply chain is one of the ways that industry, academia and service providers can implement to minimize the amount of pollution in the environment as well as economic benefits and boost productivity. In this paper, we design and implement a supply chain network, which includes four levels (distribution, logistics, self-service and customer), and it formed using a multi-function (economic objective (cost), environmental (pollution) and social (quality)) to optimize the network. Also, it minimizes the bullwhip effect in the supply chain and inventory levels at each of the levels. In addition, the estimated amount of customer demand in the university's cafeteria, we can supply the same service, and it decreases the amount of food waste as possible. Keywords: supply chain network design, sustainability, implementation, self-service, linear programming, Islamic Azad university

313

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

RISK ASSESSMENT OF NON - CANCER DISEASES OF HEAVY METALS AND SOURCE APPORTIONMENT IN THE AIR OF HIGH TRAFFIC ZONE 1Zohre Farahmandkia, 1*Mohammad Reza Mehrasbi, 2Faramarz Moatar, 2Nabiollah Mansouri 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2Deptartment of Energy and Environment, Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Background and aim: Heavy metals are one of the most hazardous pollutants in the ambient air. In this research, the quantitation and source apportionment of the heavy metals in the air particles matters were carried out and the risk assessment of non-cancer disease on children and adults were done. Materials and Methods: the particulate matter with less than 10 micron was collected weekly during two years and fifteen heavy metals were measured. The risk assessment was carried out using EPA methods and source apportionment using PMF5-EPA model was done. Results: Risk assessment showed that manganese was the most hazardous heavy metal in the air of studied area, and the risk of this metal on the children is very high. Contribution of the main sources in the emission of the measured metals were as follows: traffic and fuel combustion, 41.5%, resuspended soil, 35.7%, lead and zinc industries and tailing soils 12%, and industrial activities 10.8%. It was cleared that traffic and fuel combustion and resuspended soil are the main sources of manganese. Conclusion: manganese in the maximum and median concentration levels has the most risk via respiration in children. The adults are not exposure to the manganese risk. 40.3% of the manganese was related to the traffic and fuel combustion and the contribution of soil resuspension was 38.8%. Key Words: Heavy Metals, PMF5, apportionment, Risk Assessment, Zanjan

314

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Molecular detection of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae bacteria by PCR in ballast water of commercial ships entering the Bushehr port Farshid Soleimani1, Reza Taherkhani2,3, Sina Dobaradaran1,4,5,* 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. E-mail:[email protected] 2The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 3Department of Health Sciences, School of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 5Systems Environmental Health, Oil, Gas and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran *The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Boostan 19 Alley, Imam Khomeini Street, Bushehr, Iran, Tel.fax: +98 7514763448, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Aim of study: The international marine industry transports approximately 90% of the world’s commodities. One of inadvertent subsequences of this traffic is the transport and delivery of organisms from one place to another via ballast water, which is carried by ships to control draft, constancy and trim. In this study PCR technique was used to detect of E. coli and Vibrio cholera in ballast water of commercial ships entering the Bushehr port. Methodology: In this study, 34 samples of ballast water studied by using culture and PCR methods. Genomic DNA of bacterial strains was extracted with commercial kit. PCR was performed by using specific primers of E. coli and vibrio cholera. Results: The specific Stx1 and Stx2 genes targets of E. coli, were detected in 3 (8.82%) of all ballast water samples and the positive samples were tested by antisera methods for E.coli O157: H7. Results showed that there were O157:H7 serotype between the E. coli isolates. The results of the PCR techniques showed that the specific OmpW gene target of Vibrio cholera, were negative for all positive ballast water samples.

315

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Choosing the Best Model to Describe the PM2.5 Concentration of Urban Areas’ Air Abdolmajid Gholizadeh§1, Mohammad Miri2. 1Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran. 2Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran §Corresponder author: Abdolmajid Gholizadeh, PhD of Environmental Health Engineering, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Aim of this study was to compare and evaluate four models by which the ground-level PM2.5 concentrations in the urban area were predicted. These were ordinary kriging (OK), universal kriging (UK), inverse distance weighting (IDW), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Root mean square error (RMSE) and standard deviation (SD) were used to select semi-variogram and the transformation type of renormalized data in kriging models. The spherical semi-variogram, Box-Cox with the power parameter equal to one, and first order trend of removal were used to run OK and UK models. In the IDW method, the weighing was conducted according to the distance between points and the measurement station. The trial and error method along with coefficient of determination (R2) and the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values were used to obtain the optimum model in MLP approach. Regarding the mapping, the nearest area to main roads showed generally the highest annual 2 average concentrations of PM2.5. Based on the RMSE and R of models, the order of fitted models of PM2.5 concentrations in the air from the best to worst were as follows: MLP > OK > UK > IDW. Keywords: PM2.5, Multi-Layer Perceptron, Mapping, Inverse Distance Weighting, Ordinary Kriging,

Universal Kriging.

316

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Historical and Legal Study of the International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties 1969 and Its Additional Protocol in the field of law Of the Sea Akbar pour.H, Mir abbasyB.,Kamrani E [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract The occurrence of Torrey Canyon disaster and the resulted oil pollution forced International Maritime Organization (IMO) to take immediate actions in this regard. One of the fundamental issues was the issue of pollutions of waters of the coastal state due to the vessels accidents. Accordingly, International Convention relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties was adopted in 1969. Upon the implementation of this Convention and its additional protocol the ground was paved for prevention of expansion of oil and non-oil pollutions. These regulations set the scene for the control of pollutions resulted from casualties and the coastal states to be able under some conditions to prevent expansion of pollution beyond their sea borders. This study has been conducted using library method and in a descriptive and inductive fashion in order to assay this convention. Keywords: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, IMO, marine pollution, oil pollution

317

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Urban and Industrial Waste Management

318

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Survey Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of hospital solid waste in the Mazandaran province Abdoliman Amouei1, Hosseinali Asgharnia2*, Zahra Namvar3, Mohammad Shirmardi2,Seyyed Mahmoud Mehdinia2 1. Professor, Department of Environmental Health, Environmental Health Research Center (EHRC), Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health, Environmental Health Research Center (EHRC), Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 3. PhD student, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: Tel: 011- 22334366 Fax: 011- 22334367 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: One of the most fundamental prerequisites for design and implementation of a appropriate program hospital waste management is aware of the values of the quantity and quality of hospital solid wastes. This study was conducted to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of hospital solid waste. Materials and methods: This study a cross - sectional the two questionnaires and physical analyzes was conducted at 40 hospitals in Mazandaran. In the first phase of data through observation and completed a questionnaire containing 44 questions were collected. Data analysis was performed using the software SPSS19. And secondly 9 randomly selected hospitals and density and the percentage of waste components were investigated. Results: Infectious waste per capita, simple, sharp equal to 0.95, 1.59, 0.058, 2.61 kg per bed per day. In the hospital waste studied, 63.9% consisted of general waste, 34.2% of hazardous–infectious waste, and 1.9% of sharps waste. The average composition of general waste was determined to be 38.8% plastics, 11.6% paper/cardboard, 5.6% metals , 24.4% food waste, 11.6% textiles, 2.3% glass, and 5.8% others. Conclusion: Due to the high volume of waste produced and the separation of hospital waste, despite great efforts there are still problems which require more attention and the use of modern methods for disinfecting waste before leaving the hospital. Keywords: Hospitals, solid waste, infectious waste

319

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A review of municipal sewage sludge compost with a variety of biological Waste 1 2 Mohammad Ali Zazouli , Alireza Ala 1 Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; [email protected] 2 MSc Student, Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; [email protected]

*Corresponding author: Alireza Ala, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Tel.:09111584388, Email: [email protected] Abstract Direct application of sewage sludge in agriculture has been limited due to the presence of pathogens, inappropriate fermentation of organic waste and the presence of heavy metals in sludge. The joint compost of sewage sludge with biological waste is a method for reuse of waste that results in the safe disposal of sludge and waste. The purpose of this study was to study the possibility of compost production from a mixture of sewage sludge with biological waste and the advantages of common compost. In this paper, various methods for the production of common compost (co-compost) are studied. Composting process optimization, compost controlling agents, co-composting raw materials, use of sewage sludge and biological wastewater, in the preparation of compost, the role of co-compost in the challenge of agricultural and agricultural wastes and the production of compost was better evaluated. The raw sludge in a compost with organic waste, along with biochemical solids (fat, protein, and cellulose), is pure in terms of process evolution, the destruction of biochemical compounds in composting materials, the potential for pathogen inactivation, nutrient retention and improved biological activity. Proper management of municipal sewage treatment sludge, organic waste and biological waste produced in the agro-industry play an important role in promoting the health of the community and the environment. The high cost of biological waste disposal and its environmental impacts and the many risks associated with the use of chemical fertilizers are the problems of not paying attention to the production of compost. Therefore, the potential of this section should be taken into account with increasing attention to the production of compost and composting. Keywords: Co-compost, C / N ratio, organic waste, micronutrient elements, supplemental substrate

320

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

II III PAC@Fe Fe2 O4 heterojunction composite coupled with ozone for efficient treatment of refractory petrochemical wastewater over catalytic ozonation

Babak Kakavandi1, Mehdi Ahmadi2, Emad Dehghani Fard1, Fatemeh Ebrahimpour1, *, Hamid Mohammadi1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This work specially focused on preparation of a magnetic catalyst, carbon impregnated by iron oxide

(PAC@Fe3O4), and consider its catalytic ability for the first time in ozonation of high saline petrochemical wastewater (PCW) from PVC and VCM manufacturing industries. The structural and surface properties of the catalyst, the effect of operational factors, biodegradability and mechanisms were also studied in details. Results revealed that the influence of pH on COD removal rate was negligible, whereas process performance was significantly affected by various concentrations of catalyst and ozone. Under the optimum operational conditions, COD and TOC removal reached to 75.3 and 50.3 % after 120 min catalytic ozonation, respectively. Organic compounds were also degraded through transformation of ozone into ●OH both over catalyst surface and in the solution as identified by tert-Butanol. A probable comprehensive mechanism include adsorption, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation was also proposed. The biodegradability of PCW was noticeably improved based on the BOD5/COD ratio, AOS and COS indices after 120 min reaction by

PAC@Fe3O4/O3 system. The catalyst indicated a weak iron leaching and high catalytic activity upon five recycling cycles, which confirms that it can be reused many times. Therefore, the PAC@Fe3O4/O3 process was an effective and promising technique for successful PCW treatment, due to the efficient reduction of COD, achieve discharge standards and enhance biodegradability. Keywords: Petrochemical wastewater; Catalytic ozonation; Activated carbon; Magnetic catalyst; Mechanism

321

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of economic and environmental features of dry solid waste recycling Abbas Norouzian Baghani1, 2*, Mahdi Farzadkia3, Razieh Sheikhi1, Mahdieh Delikhoon4, Maryam Heydari5, Elahe Tondro6, Mohammad Darvishmotevalli7, Hamed Mohammadi8 1- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 3- Department of Environmental Health Engineering Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Iran 4- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 5- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 6- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord , Iran 7- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 8- Assistant Professor, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat jam, Iran *Corresponding authors: Abbas Norouzian Baghani; E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +989102141053; fax: +98 71 37251001 Abstract: Today, the role of recycling in waste reduction and disposal costs and economic benefits of recycling in developed countries have been identified. In addition, economic issues and employment, preventing contamination of water, soil and air and reducing landfill are another reason that recycling is important. In this study, the economic and environmental aspects of recycling of dry waste of Shiraz city in 2011 were evaluated.This research was a descriptive, cross - sectional study which was conducted in the year 2011, in city of Shiraz. Information gathered through field observations and library research, interviews with officials of municipal utilities and studying documents found in the organization. Environmental and economic benefits resulting from the current recycling, recycling of 50% and 80% were examined. Finally, data were analyzed.The rate of recycling waste paper, cardboard, glass, nylon and naylks, disposable plastic containers, PET, other types of plastic, disposable metallic containers and other types were 23 %, 83 %, 8 %, 2.5 %, 8 %, 13 %, 13 %, 11 %, and 12 % respectively. The total economic benefit of recycling with considering the environmental benefits in terms of current recycling (15%), desirable recycling (50%) and ideal recycling (80%) were respectively calculated as 11527 , 39869 ,and 63791 million rials. In 2011, about 15% of dry solid waste have been recycled in Shiraz. Therefore, with a 10 to 20 years suitable planning and upgrade the current recycling amount of economic benefit from recycling can be increased 8 to 18 times. Keywords: Recycling, Dry solid waste, Economic and environmental benefits, Shiraz city

322

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Production of a high surface activated carbon from Date Press Pulp, an agro-industrial waste, through dry thermochemical activation by KOH Zoha Heidarinejad1, Samira Norouzi2, Vajiheh Hasanzadeh3, Mohsen Heidari4* 1 Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mohsen Heidari Abstract Background and Aims: In Date processing industries, various liquid products are extracted from Date fruit by filter press. Therefore, a fibrous pressed material, Date Press Pulp (DPP), is an inevitable by-product of date processing industries. According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, around 1.06 million tons of date fruit was produced in Iran in 2016. Therefore, a huge amount of wasted DPP, a readily putrescible material, may be dumped into environment and cause several environmental and public health problems. One method for reducing these concerns is to convert DPP into activated carbon. Hence, the aim of this study was to convert this agro-industrial waste to activated carbon (AC) through dry thermochemical activation by KOH. Methods: In this experimental study, initially, dry DPP was carbonized at 500 °C. Chemical activation of the obtained carbonized material (CM) and was carried out in dry conditions; dry KOH was physically mixed with CM in various weight ratios of activating agent to CM (1:1 to 4:1). The solid mixtures were heated at various temperatures (450 to 750 °C) for 90 min in the presence of nitrogen. The optimum conditions for activated carbon production was selected through methylene blue adsorption tests. The selected activated carbon was analyzed by adsorption/desorption tests, FESEM-EDX, FTIR and Boehm titration. 2 -1 Results: The prepared CM had a BET surface area (SBET) of 3.47 m g . Through dry thermochemical 2 -1 activation, an activated carbon with SBET as high as 2632.50 m g (KOH:CM weight ratio of 3:1 at 750 °C) was produced. Around 76% of pores in the obtained AC were micropores, with a mean pore diameter of 1.90 nm. Boehm titration test showed that the CM and AC had around 0.64 and 2.31 mmol g-1 active functional groups, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that through dry thermochemical activation by KOH, an activated carbon with high surface area and high content of functional groups was produced. Overall, it is possible to convert date press pulp (an environmentally problematic waste) to high surface activated carbon (an environmentally friendly material) by the proposed activation method. Keywords: Date Press Pulp, Dry thermochemical activation, Activated Carbon, KOH

323

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Quantitative Study of Residues of Imam Ali Hospital in Sarayan during 2016-2017 Salehe Salehnia* , Habibe Momeni , Hamid Reza Zakeri 1, Moslem Azqandi 2, Toktam Hashemi Masabi 3 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 2Student of Environmental Health engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 3 Expert of Environmental Health of Imam Ali Hospital, Sarayan,Iran. *Corresponding author: Salehe Salehnia. Email: [email protected] , Tel: 09159649508 Abstract Introduction: Hospital waste has a special sensitivity due to the presence of toxic and pathogenic agents and can be dangerous to patients, visitors, hospital personnel, and others. Hence, in order to design and implement an appropriate waste management plan for hospitals, awareness of the quantitative and qualitative amounts of hospital waste in each city is considered to be a basic necessity. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the per capita amount of waste produced at Imam Ali Hospital in Sarayan Hospital. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study and the studied variables including weight, per capita waste generated by infectious and semi-homogeneous, sharp and winning chemists in Imam Ali Hospital in Sarayan, were evaluated once a month for two years. Waste collected from different parts of the hospital and weighed, finally, the waste generated in the hospital Based on kg/b.d calculated . Results: The daily production rate of waste in Sarayan Hospital in 2016 was 38.54 ± 2.1 kg / day and 28.58 ± 1.8 kg / day, respectively. The rate of production of general wastes, infectious, sharp, and chemical wastes in 2016 were 0.641 ± 0.20, 0.5 ± 0.1, 0.23 ± 0.08 and 0.074 ± 0.014, respectively. and in 2017 the rate of production of general was 0.504 ± 0.21 and infectious was 531.0 ± 0.16 sharp 0.055 ± 0.06, chemical 0.075 ± 0.07 kg/b.d. Conclusion: The rate of waste production per active bed in Imam Ali Hospital in Sarayan is much lower than in the average city of Iran. Considering the large variety and volume of hospital wastes, in particular the infectious and hazardous waste produced, and given the risk of such waste, one of the most necessary measures to reduce the health and environmental problems, the proper implementation of the waste separation program and monitoring. Proper disposal and sanitation, which requires the organization of training courses and equipping hospitals with modern sterilization systems for hospital wastes . Keywords: Hospital waste, Infectious, General, Chemical, Sharp and Winner

324

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The assessment of The Effect of Waste Management Education on Knowledge, Attitude, and practice of High School Students in Garmsar with Peer Education Approach in 2016-2017 Masoumeh Beikmohamadi 1, Hamed Ranjbar 2 Mahdiye Balouchi3* 1 Departement of for Environmental Health Engineering, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; [email protected] 2 Department of Management, Faculty Member, Molavi University, Garmsar, Iran ; [email protected] 3 Student of Environmental Health Engineering and Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mahdiye Balouchi

Abstract Definition of the problem: The critical issue for the current society is the inappropriate disposal of solid waste which is destructive and hazardous for the environment and public health. Aim of study: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and performance of students in Garmsar regarding waste management and to determine the impact of peer training in order to provide appropriate training methods. Methodology: The present research was an interventional study that was carried out on students from Garmsar in 2016-2017. Of 322 samples from all schools were selected by simple random sampling method. Then, knowledge, attitude, and performance of students in terms of proper management of wastes were investigated in two stages of pre-training and post-training by a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software, version 21 and descriptive statistics methods as well as analytical methods of inferential statistics (t-test) were used. Results: The analysis of knowledge-related data showed that t calculated (2.772) with a freedom degree of 317 was greater than the critical value of t (2.326) at the confidence level (p <0.01). Moreover, it was found that t calculated (3.580) with a freedom degree of 317 was greater than the critical value of t (2.326) at the confidence level (p <0.03). As well as, the analysis of data performance suggested that t calculated (6. 106) with a freedom degree of 317 was greater than the critical value of t (2.326) at the confidence level (p <0.01). Conclusions: The statistical analyses indicated that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the studied statistical population in the three dimensions (knowledge, attitude, and practice) at the measured significance levels. Therefore, based on available statistical results, peer training approach played a significant role in improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice of high school students in Garmsar. Keywords: solid waste management, education, recycling, high school students.

325

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Study of modern and practical appraces of education, cultivation and citizen participation attraction in waste management Azade Binaee Haghighi 1*, Ebrahim Hoshyari 2,Rohala Khoshbakht3 1 Administration of Planning & Human Resources Development director, Shiraz Waste Management Organization; [email protected] 2 Environmental expert, Shiraz Waste Management Organization; [email protected] 3 Executive manager, Shiraz Waste Management Organization; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Azade Binaee Haghighi; [email protected] Abstract Background and Aim: In the successful implementation of waste management, one of the key parameters is attracting community participation, and this component is not possible, unless with increasing of public awareness and changing the attitudes and culture of citizens. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the object of reviewing and presenting new methods of education and information on the three waste management elements including waste generation, storage and waste collection. Method: This is a descriptive-analytic research carried out in 2016. The required information has also been collected using various methods such as studying articles, specialized books and Internet search around the world. Results: In waste production management, the most important modern methods of citizenship education are the provision of shoking statistics and information on the huge amount of waste generation and the consequences, the movement towards zero waste and the teaching of how to reuse all types of wastes. In the case of temporary storage and the source separation management, effective public education can be done in the form of actions such as informing the waste components to all citizens, the precise introduction of distinct items, the design of distinctive tags for separation bins, and the encouragement of participating citizens, coding Separation of reservoirs and creation of incentive and punitive systems in the regions. In the field of culture around the collection of waste, the preparation of a timetable for the collection of dry and wet waste is understandable to everyone, visual information, the use of the capacity of the walls of waste disposal machines and the launch of cultural carnival in celebrations and The ceremony is possible. Conclusion: One of the key points for education in all areas related to the management of wastes is children, which have always been considered in advanced countries. In this regard, one of the most important places of culture is education in kindergartens and elementary schools, and this kind of education, mainly through video games and involving the participation of children, is done as team work. Keywords: Waste management, education, cultivation,modern approach.

326

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of municipal compost maturity with different methods Haniyeh Jalalipour 1*, Hashem Azizi 2, Jafar Namvar Mansorabadi 3 , Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard4 1, 2, 3 Shiraz Solid Waste Management Organization, Shiraz Municipality, Shiraz, Iran 4 Environmental technologies research center, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Abstract Composting is a municipal solid waste treatment method in Iran and most developing countries. But usually due to limiting factors such as microbial and organic pollutants in mixed waste composting the process doesn’t thoroughly completed resulting in immature final product with high ammonia/nitrate and low germination index (GI). The aim of this study was to diminish adverse effects of immature compost by mixing up with mature compost. Therefore 3 kind of compost including C1 (compost from mixed waste with windrow method), C2 (compost form source separated waste with windrow method) and C3 (compost form source separated waste with vermicomposting method) were mixed in different ratios. 1:10 extract from mixtures were used in germination test with Cress seeds. The mixture with highest germinated seeds and 100% GI was chosen as non-toxic compost. Then in order to verify the results, pot experiment with 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10% compost treatment with Basil seeds and 4 replications was performed. Results showed that mixed waste compost can be applied with mature compost from source separated waste in low ratios without adverse effects. In agreement with previous researches results also showed that pot experiment is more reliable than Cress test for determining compost adverse effects such as toxicity.

Keywords: solid waste management, organic waste, composting, germination test, compost toxicity

327

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Data on treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in a Full-Scale System using anaerobic and facultative lagoons, Qom, Iran Naser Yousefi1, Seyed AbdollahMir Ebrahimi 2,Mohammad Khazaei3,MonireMirzabeygiArhany4, Fateme Samiee*5,Reza Ansari Tadi6 1Department of Waste Management of Qom Municipality, Technical expert of waste management organization,Qom, Iran; Naser [email protected] 2Department of Waste Management of Qom Municipality,Managing director of waste management organization of Qom municipality, Qom,Iran; [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; [email protected] 4 MSc in Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Monire [email protected] 5Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; [email protected]

*Corresponding author:Fateme Samiee 6MSc in Environmental Health Engineering, Urban Water & Wastewater Company of Qom Province, Qom, Iran Abstract This study highlights the applications of anaerobic and facultative lagoon in a full-scale system for slaughterhouse effluent treatment in Qom city, Iran. The treatment system consisted of a screen, anaerobic lagoons, Coagulation/ flocculation unit, and a facultative lagoon, in series. Parameters such as Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were investigated. In general, the treatment system achieved satisfactory pollutant removals, but the final effluent could not meet the environmental regulations for BOD5, COD, and TSS. Overall, removal levels were 94%, 93%, and 76% for BOD5, COD, and TSS, respectively. However, BOD5 in the final effluent (207 mg/L) was higher than the maximum level of 30 mg/L allowed by the regulatory agency. COD and BOD5 removal of more than 35% was obtained in chemical coagulation unit. Although Total ammonium nitrogen removal levels were approximately 83%, overall the ammonia–nitrogen removal was 21% and 49% in anaerobic and facultative lagoons stages, respectively. In brief, the obtained dates showed that using anaerobic and facultative lagoons for slaughterhouse wastewater. Keywords: slaughterhouse effluent, anaerobic lagoon, full-scale system, treatment.

328

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of contributors to the waste recycling program in small cities Yaghoub Hajizadeh1, Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi *2, Farjad Batebi3, Mohammad Reza Montazeri4, Mansoreh Moghimi5 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran , [email protected] 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, school of health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran & Student Research committee, school of health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, [email protected] 4Health Center of Mahdishahr, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, [email protected] 5Health Center of Mahdishahr, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, [email protected] *Corresponding author: Ghasem Kiani Feizabadi, [email protected] Abstract Background and Objective: One of the major components of waste comprehensive management is recycling. To plan for the recycling, it is necessary to have correct estimation of knowledge, attitude and performance about solid waste recycling. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of awareness, attitude and performance of homemaker of Shahmirzad towards solid wastes recycling. Materials and Methods: In the descriptive-analytical study, 250 homemakers were studied in 2016. The subjects were randomly selected based on the family files recorded by the health center of Shahmirzad. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts including demographic information, awareness, attitude, and performance assessment. 33.3, 33.4-66.6, and 66.7-100 of the scores were classified as weak, moderate and good, respectively. Data was analyzed using multivariate ANOVA. Results: The awareness levels of 13.5, 23.3 and 63.2% of the housewives were weak, moderate, and good, respectively. 10.2, 51.2 and 38.6% of the housewives were with weak, moderate, and good attitudes towards the recycling, respectively. 38.2, 44.3 and 17.5% of the housewives were with weak, moderate, and good performances, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the educational level of the housewives and the levels of their awareness and attitudes (p=0.022). The performance of the families with their heads working at the governmental sectors was significantly better than other groups (p=0.023). Conclusions: The level of awareness, attitude and performance of women in Hasanabad town was high, moderate and low, respectively. Educational workshops and encouraging programs for recycling and improving of waste management performance could result in a better recycling

Keywords: Solid waste, Recycling, knowledge, Shahmirzad

329

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Variation Trend of Mineral Elements during Composting after Treatment with Agricultural Waste Fariba Abbasi1, Mehdi Mokhtari2, Mahrokh Jalili3 1Health Student Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran; [email protected] 2Associated Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran; [email protected] 3Instructor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Abarkouh Paramedical, Shahid sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding Author: Mahrokh Jalili; [email protected] Abstract Introduction: composting is a desirable method for waste management that organic matters degrade by microorganisms. On the other hand, it can be used as fertilizer in agricultural land. In this process, the organic matters were decomposed by microorganisms. Different treatments can improve their qualities. But the use of contaminated treatment can be hazardous. The aim of this study was the investigation of the variation trend of some element including Na, K, Fe, Cu and Mn in composting from green waste. Material and method: the monitoring of compost mass was performed during 90 days and the concentration of Na, K, Fe, Cu and Mn were measured. The concentration of Na and K detected by the flame photometer and Fe, Cu and Mn with atomic adsorption spectroscopy. Results: percent variation in 1, 30, 75 and 90 days was 0.22, 0.25, 0.33 and 0.35 for Na, 0.42, 0.5, 0.65 and 0.69 for K and 1.64, 1.37, 1.16 and 0.83 for Fe. Moreover, the concentration of Mn and Cu were (342, 354, 361 and 367 ppm) and (34.6, 41.3, 73 and 141.33 ppm) respectively. Conclusion: the trend variation of Cu, Fe, and Mn were decreasing whereas Na and K were increasing during monitoring period. The concentration of investigated metals was lower than the standards of agriculture in Iran. Therefore the use of this compost for agriculture land need process modification and improvement as well as pretreatment for heavy metal is essential. Keywords: Compost, Green waste, Mineral Elements

330

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Environmental Variables Affecting Site Selection for Disposal of Hazardous Municipal Solid waste Somayeh Aref 1, Abdolhosein Parizanganeh 2, Mina Rasouli3 1M.Sc. Student*, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan. 2Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan. ([email protected]) 3 Health’s officer, Health Center of Zanjan District. *Corresponding author: Abstract Rapid development of urbanization has been accompanied by social, economic, spatial and environmental impacts. Increasing the production of waste or solid waste is one of the main characteristics of the current urbanization, which is the most important factor affecting the environment. The site selection for sanitary landfill of urban waste is one of the necessities of urban planning and management due to the complexity of waste management systems. The choice of suitable location for the landfill site requires a review of several proposed solutions and different assessment criteria. The site selection process is based on complete land- based information to ensure that the landfill site is well established. Parameters such as geology, soil science, landuse , roads, industries and mines, slope, slope direction, hydrology, hydrogeology and proper distance from urban dwellings, etc., each of which have important role in site selection of landfills are considered. The aim of this study was to provide a scientific method and a comprehensive methodology with the combined utilization of geographic information system and multiple criteria analysis methods and provides essential support for decision-makers in the assessment of hazardous waste management problems. GIS and AHP models were introduced as a technical, useful and accelerator tool for disposal site selection. Keywords: Geographical Information System (GIS), AHP model, Landfill site selection, Hazardous waste management.

331

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effect of vermicompost using onto Cadmium heavy metal adsorption in Vital organs of Raphanus sativus plant Mojtaba Afsharnia1, Hamed Biglari2, Hasan Reza Rokni3,* ,Marziye noorzad4 1, 2, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

3*Environment health expert,gonabad university of medical science, Gonabad, Iran( [email protected])

4Master of science in environmental health engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Abstract Background: The cadmium heavy metal is common environmental pollution that cause toxicity, carcinogenicity in humans and other flora and fauna. Due to the importance of this, this study assessed to evaluate the efficacy of vermicompost fertilizer on cadmium uptake in the plant radishes (Raphanus sativus). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study adsorption efficiency of cadmium intake from soil and vermicompost fertilizer by radish plant in four different ratios of one case control, 1 per 1, 2 per 1, 3 per 1, 4 per 1 fertilizer per soil with 0, 50, 100 ppm cadmium concentration were evaluated.

Results: The results of this study showed that the maximum adsorption of cadmium from the soil environment in the ratio 4 per 1 fertilizer per soil and also highest growth rate were occurred in this conduction.

Conclusion: it is revealed that the organic fertilizer vermicompost has good ability to adsorb the cadmium metal from the soil. Hence it can be considered in order to use as an inexpensive natural adsorbent in arable land contaminated with heavy metals. Keywords: Vermicomposting, heavy metal, radishes, cadmium, organic fertilizers

332

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Multi-Criterion Decision Making Approach in Management of Health-care Centers Waste in Qazvin Rural Areas: A Quantitative Study in Iran Rohollah Kalhor1, Saeideh Moosavi2, Shirin Naderi3, Reza Ghanbari4, Mehdi zeynali5, Soheyla Gholami6 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran, Email: [email protected] 2. Occupational Health Department, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Email:[email protected] 3. M.Sc. in Environmental health Engineering, Expert officer of Environmental health of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Email: [email protected] 4. Social Determinant of Health Research, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 5. Msc in industrial engineering, Qazvin university of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 6. M.Sc. of Health Care Management, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Soheyla Gholami, M.Sc. of Health Care Management, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran, Email: [email protected] Tel:09120376278 Abstract Introduction: Health-care centers waste is a particular category of solid waste produced during the process of diagnosis, treatment or immunization of humans, animals, and/or in research related to the production or testing of biological materials. Improper management of these wastes can bring about adverse effects. This study aimed to prioritize and select the best method of waste management in the health sector in rural areas. Methods: This descriptive-applied research was done in 2016 in Qazvin villages. The population was selected and assigned to two groups of 28 experts whoevaluated the criteria and a group of 22 individuals to rank disposal methods of health-care centers waste. After designing the questionnaire, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to calculate the weight of criteria. Then, TOPSIS method was used to rank waste disposal different methods . In order to analyze the data, additional software including EC, Excel, and Lingo were employed.

Findings: The maximum weight belonged to the criterion of air pollutants and environmental impact (0.160) and the minimum weight was attributed to the cost criterion (0.039). The final ranking based on the studied criteria were as follows: Steam sterilization (autoclaving), microwave, irradiation, chemical disinfection, sanitary landfill and finally, incineration.

Conclusion: The results showed that the best method for disposal of health-care centers waste in villages of Qazvin were steam sterilization and microwave. It is recommended that decision-makers in the field of medical waste disposal and disinfection seriously practice these methods.

Keywords: Health-Care Centers Waste Management; Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach; Health-Care Waste; Waste Disinfection; Iranian Rural Areas

333

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Spatial Distribution of Water salinity in the drinking water resources of Dargaz villages First Author Name 1, Maryam Paydar 2,Hassan masoudi3, Esmat Kohzad *4 1 2 Proffessor,Health Sciences Research Center Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran;[email protected] 2 Environmental health specialist, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran;[email protected] *School of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Most of the sources of drinking water in Dargaz villages are from underground. Due to successive droughts and reducing rainfall and the growing perceptions of these resources unfortunately, we would observe a rising salinity of water supplies in the future. In this study, samples were collected from 44 sources of drinking water for 6 years and tested. The chemical qualitative parameters including chlorine, electrical conductivity, sodium, calcium and magnesium, based on the standard method were investigated. The geographic location of the sampling points is determined and then the data were analyzed by the interpolation methods (IDW) using GIS software. The results showed that the quality of chlorine, electrical conductivity and sodium absorption ratio (SAR), drinking water sources in the northern part of the city, as well as a small part of the water resources in the southeast and a small part in the southern region of the city were in a bad condition and considered as a high salinity area. The lack of precise monitoring of the rate of harvesting according to established standards and frequent withdrawals in the region can lead to a loss of drinking water quality in the cities of Dargaz County. Therefore, creating sensitivities for local managers and planners for the proper use of limited water resources is essential. Keywords: Chemical quality, Salinity, GIS

334

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The production of vermicompost from saline sesame waste and the effect of salinity on the growth of worms Mehdi Mokhtari1*, Masoumeh Khatebasreh1, Ali Asghar Ebrahimi1 1 Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; [email protected] 1 Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; [email protected] 1 Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Mehdi Mokhtari Abstract The production of manure with worms is one of the ways to recover organic matter. Therefore the purpose of this study was to use remaining salts for the production of Halva Ardeh (sesame processing) as an organic part and its composition with other wastes and its effect on the vermicompost process. In order to determine the best composition, different percentages of cow manure and halal waste were mixed in four substrates, under the vermicompost process, during 90 days. In this study, the parameters of OC, PH, EC, C / N ratio, and worm number and weight as a compost index were investigated. Sampling was done in combination of masses every 5 days, once with three times and according to National Standard No. 13320. Finally, the data were analyzed by ANOVA and t-test. The results of this study showed that during vermicomposting, over time, pH in all treatments, including control treatment, started to decrease and then preceded to neutral. Also, the amount of organic carbon decreased in all treatments in comparison with its initial value, and the highest amount was observed in control treatment and the lowest amount was related to 1C: 1S treatment. Electric conductivity had a decreasing trend in all treatments. The amount of C/N was decreased during the process and the highest amount was observed in control treatment and the lowest amount was related to 1C: 1S treatment. Also, the highest mean weight and number of worms in control treatment and the lowest number and weight were obtained in 1C: 3S treatment. It was also determined that the compost quality of this study conformed to the standards of compost class A. This study showed that, Eisenia fetida can tolerate the salinity from Sesame waste and also it can produce an appropriate fertilizer from these saline wastes. Keywords: Waste management, Vermicompost, Eisenia fetida, Sesame waste

335

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Production of biodiesel from restaurant waste frying oils using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst Seyed Nadali Alavi Bakhtiyarvand1,Marziye Moradgholi2,Efat Ghaedrahmati3,Seyede Zohre Mosavi4, Najmeh Masihi* 1-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran. 2-Msc student in Environmental Health Engineering,School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran. 3-Msc student in Waste Management,School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran. 4-Msc student in Environmental Health Engineering,School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran -Msc student in Environmental Health Engineering,School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran . Abstract Introduction: Limited resources of oil-based fuels and environmental problems, have led to numerous research on alternative fuels such as biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to produce biodiesel from waste frying oil. Materials and Methods: The methanol-to-oil molar ratio (3:1, 6:1, 9:1), reaction time (30, 45 and 60 minutes) and the weight percent of catalyst were investigated at three levels (0.5, 0.75, 1%). For reaction 20 grams of refined oil was heated and mixed alcohol catalyst was added to oil in certain proportions and then stirred at 800 rpm at 62 ° C. Results: The maximum production efficiency of biodiesel in the presence of potassium hydroxide as catalyst was 94.76±1.49%. The optimum conditions for the reaction were obtained at the molar ratio of 6:1 (methanol to the oil), the reaction time of 45 minutes and the weight percent of catalyst75%. Conclusion: Produced waste frying oil is extremely high in our country indicating high potentiality in feedstock for biodiesel production. Keywords: Renewable fuel, Biodiesel, Homogenous catalyst, Waste frying oil.

336

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Causes of Management of Special and Industrial Waste Management in Zanjan Province Behnam Pardakhti 1, FatemehZahra Takin 2, Ali Assadi 3 1Ph.D. student in Environmental Biology, University of Urmia, [email protected] 2 Master's degree students in Environmental Science, University of Zanjan, [email protected] 3Deputy Supervisor and Monitoring Department of the Environmental Protection Agency of Zanjan Province, [email protected] Abstract In general, waste is referred to all waste derived from human activities that is disposed of inappropriately. Wastes have different types, among which industrial and industrial wastes are more important because of their characteristics such as decomposability, toxicity, etc. Zanjan province, with its rich mines, supplies the raw materials of many industries, which has led to the establishment of industrial units in the province. In this paper, different kinds of industrial wastes were analyzed by sampling and laboratory methods. The results showed that the concentration of heavy elements in the waste of these units is several times greater than the limit. As a result, proper management of this type of waste is serious and necessary. finaly, there are several solutions for the correct management of this type of wastes. Keywords: Waste, Heavy metals, Zanjan

337

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A review of plastic use in agriculture on the environment Behnaz Pardakhti 1, Jaber Aazami 2* 1 Master Student, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, 2 Assistant professor Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, *Corresponding author: Dr Jaber Aazami ([email protected]) Abstract Today, it is annually produced more than 500 million tons and 300 thousand tons of plastic materials in the world and Iran, respectively. In this study, we reviewed and explained the advantages, disadvantages, environmental effects and optimal solutions of plastic consumption in the agricultural industry. In fact, a review on effects of consumption of plastics in agriculture has been addressed based on scientific literature. Agricultural industry is one of the most consumers of plastics in Iran. Soil moisture control and increased productivity in arid areas, the possibility of farming in rugged areas, weed control, consequently reducing pesticide use, controlling soil temperature and reducing its erosion were the most important advantages of plastic materials; but due to the oil formations of plastics in Iran, many disadvantages were very welcome including the soil pollution in a large scale, the polluted agricultural products, the destruction of useful microorganisms and consequently the reduction of soil fertility, pollution of groundwater resources to plastic materials, Biodiversity reduction due to the fault of animals in swallowing plastics, bio accumulation along the food chain, high environmental sustainability and the transfer with wind and living organisms to other ecosystems. The use of biodegradable plastics (the most important solution), the awareness of farmers, the composting of plastic compounds, timely collection and recycling of plastics are the most important ways of controlling agricultural plastics. Keywords: Plastic, Agriculture, Environment, Iran.

338

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Municipal Waste Landfill Site Selection using Analytical Hierarchy Method in Khorramdarre Plain, Zanjan Province, Iran Hassan Mojallal 1, Masoud Saatsaz*2, Iman Monsef 2, Zohreh Masoumi2 1Graduate Student, Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran 2 Faculty Member, Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran *Corresponding author Abstract Khorramdarre Plain with northwest-southeast trending is mainly located on Quaternary sediments in the northwestern part of Iran. According to environmental, social, economic and tourism evaluations, prediction of sanitary landfill sitting in the plain is an important waste management issue in this region. In this study, landfill sitting in the plain was carried out by the combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process and Weighted Linear Method in GIS environment with special reference to many criteria such as land use, water table level, distance from groundwater, distance from surface waters, rainfall, distance from faults, lithology, slope, elevation, distance from settlements, distance from special places and distance from roads. The weights of main criteria, sub-criteria and classes in pairwise comparison matrices were calculated using the least squares and geometric mean methods. Finally, based on landfill suitability map, the plain is classified into five class schemes as absolutely unsuitable, unsuitable, moderately suitable, suitable and absolutely suitable areas. Based on results of this study, current landfill site located in suitable class and it has relative good situation. In order to reduction of vulnerability from future landfill sites in the plain, appropriate applied techniques should be considered such as insulation of disposal reservoir by impermeable clay layers, control of leachate level and water table depth using observation wells and geophysical approaches, and designing of drainage pipes network. Keywords: Waste, AHP, GIS, Site suitability analysis

339

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A Field-based Assessment of Landfill Suitability in Qazvin, Iran Masoud Saatsaz*1Maryam Mehrabi2, Iman Monsef 1, Zohreh Masoumi1 1 Faculty Member, Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran 2 Graduate Student, Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran *Corresponding author Abstract Site suitability is the procedure to assess the capacity of a given site to support prescribed uses. In any old operating landfill, conducting field investigations is an essential task in taking decision about site suitability. In this study, fieldwork has been carried out to investigate infiltration rate and leachate plume distribution under the landfill of Qazvin, Iran. In this study, infiltration rate of soil is measured using a standard double- ring infiltrometer. To determine the spatial distribution of the leachate plumes, geoelectrical resistivity techniques have been conducted into dry and wet seasons, inside and outside the dumpsite. Double ring permeability tests confirm the landfill is an unacceptable site, showing a high rate of permeability. The results of pole-pole, pole-dipole and vertical electrical soundings into dry and wet seasons show that the leachate plume has no leakage to a depth in dry season, but in wet season, a horizontal leakage followed by vertical movement has been seen towards water table which is situated at depth of about ~30 m. This phenomenon in associate with lack of horizontal sanitary bedding can make danger for the aquifer in the feature. Keywords: Waste, Permeability Test, Leachate, Geoelectrical Resistivity Techniques, Site Suitability Analysis

340

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Landfill Site Suitability Assessment using Analytical Hierarchy Method in Qazvin, Iran Masoud Saatsaz*1Maryam Mehrabi2, Iman Monsef 1, Zohreh Masoumi1 1 Faculty Member, Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran 2 Graduate Student, Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran *Corresponding author Abstract Due to the old-fashioned methods of common landfill selection, it is important to re-evaluate the usage suitability. To evaluate the suitability of the operating waste landfill in Qazvin, Iran, we applied a combination of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and GIS-based techniques. Four major criteria and fourteen sub- criteria were selected, and the AHP was used to determine the relative importance weights of criteria and sub- criteria to each other. By overlying prepared layers, final suitability map was generated and the study area was classified into very low, low, moderate, high, and very high suitable zones and initial decisions were made about the present landfill. The GIS-based multi-criteria suitability assessment identified that the current site is determined as intermediate suitable for landfilling. The results also showed improving user ability to rank criteria and sub-criteria, providing weights and priorities in non-unit scales, supporting both qualitative and quantitative criteria to evaluate, verification consistency, and conjunction with GIS can be mentioned as AHP strengths. The main weakness of the AHP is that results can suffer from variation in structure and attitudes and ignoring other parameters such as leachate infiltration rate and depth of percolation in landfill suitability. Keywords: Waste, AHP, GIS, Site suitability analysis

341

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Assessment of hospital waste status in Tabriz in2015 Abstract

Background: Hospital waste encompass all wastes produced in hospitals, health centers, medical diagnostic laboratories and other similar centers. Hospital wastes management is very important because of the potential for infection and the presence of hazardous, toxic and pathogenic wastes such as pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical and radioactive materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of hospital wastes in 11 general hospitals and 11 specialized hospitals in Tabriz in - 1394.

Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, the solid waste management in 11 general hospitals and 11 specialized hospitals of Tabriz city in 2015 were compared. Hospital waste management status in these hospitals were evaluated according to the world health organization questionnaire based on 100 items.

Findings: The results showed that the hospital waste per capita in general and specialized hospitals was 4.60 and 2.98 pounds per bed / day, respectively.

The combination of manufactured wastes (ordinary, infectious, sharp, chemical, and pathogenic) were 3.75%, 21.8%, 1.4%, 0.63%, 74% in general hospitals and 3.8% 75, 8/22, 2/1, 39/0, 22/0% in specialized hospitals.

The level of sanitation for waste storage and collection systems were 91.5% and 100% in large hospitals and 73% in small hospitals, respectively. Biological indices showed that waste disposal scores were 1 and 4 in large and small hospitals, respectively.

Discussion & Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the amount of generated waste in small and large hospitals, however the amount of infectious wastes were 1.75 times greater in small hospitals than in large ones. The level of sanitation for waste storage and collection systems was significantly higher in large hospitals. Hospital waste management status in large hospitals exeededsmall hospitals.

342

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Generalities of Environmental Health

343

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Study of the intensity of sound and light in Faculties of Babol University of Medical Sciences In 2017

Atiye Gholamii Godarzi 1, Seyede Houriye Fallah2, Abdoliman Amouei2, Hossein Ali Asgharnia2.

1-Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. 2-Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran

Abstract Introduction: Light is the first environmental factor necessary for any kind of activity and appropriate light improves the efficiency and accuracy. Other physical factors that have been considered in recent years are noises an integral part of human life. In urban living environments, especially office environments, the maximum background noise level to which people are exposed is low-frequency sounds that often lead to multiple complaints resulting from its effects such as stress and anxiety, fatigue, headache, sleep disorder and mental retardation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity of light and noise in the Faculties of Babol University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 25 classes and 25 office rooms were randomly selected among 4 Faculties. The intensity of light (both natural and artificial) and noise was measured in classes during two periods of presence and absence of students. Results: The mean noise intensity of the classes at the time of the presence and absence of individuals was 59.09 dB and 48.53 dB and in office rooms was 59.10 dB, respectively. The mean light intensity was 445.44 and 535.93 lux in the classrooms and office rooms, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the noise level was higher than the standard at all stations. The light level was the near-minimum standard in most places that could be improved. Therefore, the necessary measures should be taken to remove the defects. Keywords: Faculty, Light intensity, Noise intensity

344

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effect of Organic Matter on the Removal of Lead and Zinc from the Soil by Earthworms (Eisenia Fetida)

H.A. Asgharnia*, B. Alinia1, A. Khodabakhshi12, M. Sedehi3 *Assistant Professor, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Paramedicine [email protected] 1MSc, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran, Environmental Health Engineering, Health Center, Juybar, Iran; [email protected] 2Associated Professor, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health,; [email protected] 3Associated Professor, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord , Iran , Department of Biostatistics and Public Health, Faculty of Health *Corresponding author: H.A. Asgharnia Abstract Background and Objectives: One of the most important environmental problems in the world is the soils contamination by heavy metals in the industrial areas, and especially the contamination of the Agricultural lands. The use of earthworms to bioremediate the soils results in reducing the pollutants concentration through a bioaccumulation mechanism on the contaminants in the earthworm's body. Methods and Materials: This study was investigated in batch experiments concentration of lead pollution in soil was determined to be 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg and for zinc 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg respectively and the levels of organic matter were considered to be 5% and 9%. Thirty worms with were added to each 500 g soil samples. Lead and zinc concentration in soil and in the body of worms was measured at two time periods of 14 and 28 days. Atomic absorption spectrometer model Varian 240 we used to measure the concentration of lead and zinc. The data were analyzed using SPSS version23 and Design-Expert 7.00 software. Results: Results of this study showed that increased organic matter from 5% to 9% in the soil for 28 days had effect on the removal of Lead and Zinc. The average removal capacity of Lead and Zinc from soil after 28 days for organic matters of 5% and 9%, were 45.63 mg/kg, 48.4 mg/kg and 37.69 mg/kg, 40.36 mg/kg respectively. Conclusion: The organic matter had effect on the removal of Lead and Zinc from soil. Keywords: Lead, Zinc, Eisenia fetida, organic matter , Soil

345

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Workers at Food Preparation and Selling Centers of the Juybar in 2017 H. A. Asgharnia1, B . Alinia2*, S .V . Larymyan3, S . ROUHANI4, N . AKBARZADEH5 1Assistant Professor, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Paramedicine [email protected] 2MSc, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran, Environmental Health Engineering, Health Center, Juybar, Iran; [email protected] 3BSc, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran, Environmental Health Engineering, Health Center, Juybar, Iran; Email: [email protected] 4BSc, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran, Environmental Health Engineering, Health Center, Juybar, Iran 5BSc, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran, Environmental Health Engineering, Health Center, Juybar, Iran *Corresponding author: B . Alinia Abstract Background and Objectives: Given the importance of parasitic diseases and the role of employees at food preparation and selling centers in the diffusion of the pollution as well as lack of awareness on pollution of workers in Juybar County, this study was conducted in 1396. Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was involved 1895 staff and food vendors who have presented medical examination cards from laboratories. Fecal sampling tests were carried out in three phases and three different times and samples were analyzed using direct laboratory observation. Results: The results showed that in 1895 samples, 56 (2.95%) samples of parasitic infection were observed. Positive specimens were 22 (39.3%) cases belonging to protozoa and 34 (60.7%) cases related to intestinal worms and the highest and lowest infections were Giardia and Entamoeba histolytica respectively. The most prevalence parasitic infections was in the supermarket workers, (26. 8%) and then in the kitchen (21.4%) . Conclusion: It appears that employees of food preparation and sale centers play a role in the release of some intestinal parasites into societies. Therefore, face to face training and training of social groups about personal hygiene and sanitation principles of food safety and mode of transmission of parasites, implementation of laws and health regulations, and acquisition of health insurance cards can play important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic infections and will eventually reduce them. Keywords: Intestinal parasites, Medical examination cards, Stool, Workers prepare, Sell food centers.

346

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Measuring the density of electromagnetic waves Caused by the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Antennas in Dargaz City Kanani M1 , Alidadi H2 , Najafpoor A3 , Ketabi D4 1- Ms Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;[email protected] 2- professor, Health Sciences Research Center Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 3- Associate professor, Health Sciences Research Center Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 4- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Management & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Introduction & objective: With the growth of technology, new pollutants have become the uninvited guests for the environment and humans .One of these electromagnetic field related pollutants is related to BTS antennas .The effect of the electromagnetic radiation of BTS antennas on the health has become a concern for the people of cities and villages .This research was conducted to measure the density of electromagnetic waves caused by the BTS Antennas in Dargaz City. Materials and methods: In the first step basic information including the number of BTS antennas in the city of Dargaz and their geographic dispersal, the type of operator and the way of their installation were collected. Then, the intensity of the power density of electromagnetic waves of these antennas was measured based on the unit of microwatt per square centimeter using theTES-593at the desired distances ,including the base of the tower,and5,10,15,20,50,100and200 m farther from that ,all measurements were carried out between8:00 am and 3:00pm in the same atmospheric conditions. Results: The results of this study showed that the with increasing distance from towers, the average power density of electromagnetic waves was reduced .At distances of 20meters,the average power density of electromagnetic waves was greatly reduced. Greater than100meters the gradient was almost linear and the power density almost complied a linear relationship. Conclusion: The results indicated that the radiant power density of the BTS antennas at the measured points was less than the standard radiation levels and the distance of more than100m, the power density meets the background level and significant decrease occurs with increasing of distance. Keyword: Electromagnetic waves, BTS antennas, microwatt per square centimeter.

347

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Epidemiological study of the outbreak of waterborne and foodborne diseases in Kurdistan province from 2011 to 2017 Seyed Jamaleddin Ebrahimi1, Parshang Faghih Solaimani2, Farideh Mostafavi3, Leila Ebrahimzadeh* 1MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; [email protected] 2MSc of Education Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; [email protected] 3MSc of Epidemiology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; [email protected] * Corresponding author: MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Nowadays, because of several reasons, the incidence of waterborne and foodborne diseases is increasing in the world. According to the World Health Organization, about 1.1 billion people worldwide use unhealthy water and 88% of diarrheal diseases and 1.7 million deaths annually in the world are attributed to unhealthy water and wastewater. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the data on the prevalence of waterborne and foodborne diseases in Kurdistan province. This study was a descriptive analytical study that analyzed the outbreaks reported in Kurdistan province from 2011 to 2017. In this study, Chi-square test was applied to assess the relationships between the sources of the outbreaks (water or food) and the studied variables, including age, sex, cause of disease, region, place of outbreak, time of outbreak, status of drinking water distribution network, and status of chlorination. STSTA software Version 13 was used to perform the statistical analysis. According to the results of this study, of a total of 390 outbreaks reported during the studied period, 90 cases (23.08%) were caused by water, 261 cases (66.92%) were caused by food, and 39 cases (10%) had an unknown source. Concerning the location, of all cases of waterborne outbreaks, 69 cases of outbreaks (76.67%) occurred in rural areas and 21 cases of outbreaks (23.33%) occurred in urban areas. On the other hand, of all cases of foodborne outbreaks, 147 cases of outbreaks (56.32%) occurred in urban areas and 114 cases of outbreaks (43.68%) occurred in rural areas and there was a significant relationship between the outbreak and the location of residence in the city or village (P- value <0.001). This study also investigated the factor leading to the outbreak in 593 human samples tested during the study and it was found that the main disease factors in 94 cases were as follows: E. coli pathogen in 47 cases (50%), Entamoeba Histolytica in 11 cases (11.7%), Salmonella in 5 cases (5.32%), Shigella in 4 cases (4.26%), Staphylococcal toxin in 2 cases (2.13%), Giardia in 1 cases (1.06%), and other factors in 24 cases (25.53%). This study investigated the relationship between the frequency of waterborne outbreaks and the availability of drinking water distribution network and the results showed that 15 cases of outbreaks (39.47%) occurred in households without access to the network and 23 outbreaks (60.53%) occurred

348

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

in households with access to water distribution network. There was a statistically significant relationship between the source of drinking water and the frequency of outbreaks (P <0.001). Based on the results of this research, 66.9% of the outbreaks reported in Kurdistan province were attributed to food and 23.08% were caused by drinking water. Hence, observing food hygiene during the preparation and cooking of food and supervising the supply of healthy drinking water have a significant role in reducing the prevalence of waterborne and foodborne outbreaks. Keywords: outbreak, waterborne and foodborne diseases, Kurdistan

349

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Study of sound levels in the welding centers of Babol city and its health effects on the welders Fatemeh Shoupai1, Fatemeh Talebian1, Abdoliman Amouei2,3* 1. Graduated of BSc environmental health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2. Environmental Health Research Center (EHRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran  Corresponding author: Tel: 011- 22334366 Fax: 011- 22334367 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: Nowadays, one of the most important problems in industries is sound pollution. Sound pollution has physical problems and due to many adverse effects on the mental health of human. One of the most frequent problems of the sound, is hearing loss. This study, determine the sound levels in welding centers of Babol city and its health effects on the welders was investigated. Materials and methods: Twenty welding centers were been selected randomly and the the sound levels in the near and distance of 1 meter to device were been determined by sound level meter AZ 8925 model. A questionnaire was also prepared and the welders filled it. The data of sound lever meter and questionnaire was analyzed through T- test with SPSS 20. Results: The minimum, maximum and mean of sound level in near and one meter to the instrument were 102,130 and 112.8 ± 7.6 db; and 67, 108 and 87.5± 12.8 db, respectively. 75% of the welders attended 7-8 hours a day in the welding center. 85% of them declared that there is a continuity of sound levels in half of their work hours. 45% of the welders felt the weakness in hearing over the two years ago. 90% of them feel tired soon while working with the high sound levels generated instruments. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the sound levels in all measurements near to the device, and 50% of them in one meter to the instruments in total of the welding centers are higher than the standard levels. Key words: Sound level, Welding centers, Health effects, Babol city

350

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Survey of Visible Light and UV radiation A in Babol Libraries in 2018 Mobina Zomorrodi1, Abdoliman Amouei2,3,4*, Hajar Tabarinia2, Somayyeh Pasha2 1- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran 2- Department of Environmental Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran 3- Environmental Health Research Center (EHRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran 4- Social Determinants of Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran * Tel: o11- 22334366 Fax: 011- 22334367 E.mail: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: Appropriate lighting and its optimal distribution in the study environment can delay eye fatigue and decrease accuracy, and it is based on the comfort and function of individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the brightness and intensity of ultraviolet light in the library Of Babol Materials & Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which the intensity of natural, synchronous and artificial lighting was measured in 3 hours in the center of the stations designated in 11 study halls, at an altitude of one meter from the ground by the S724997 light meter and The UV-A was also measured by UV340A light meter. Finally, the results of brightness and ultraviolet radiation were compared using standard software SPSS version 19 with standard values. Results: In this study, it was determined that the lowest light intensity at all measured hours was related to study block C and the highest light intensity measured in the study area of Narcissus. It was also found that the highest amount of ultraviolet radiation in the hours of 12: 30-13: 30 and 15:30 - 16: 30 was related to the new study hall and at 18:30 to 19:30 in the hall of modern studies and narcissus . The minimum amount of ultraviolet radiation at 12:30 am-3:30 pm was from the Najjarian Library, at 15:30 to 16:30 and 18:30 to 19:30, respectively, in the study room of the C block. Conclusion: By examining the results and comparing with standard values, it was determined that the natural, synthetic and artificial lighting intensity was 72.22%, 22.22% and 37.5% of the total study area of study libraries Less than the standard country and IESNA (300 lux). Key words: Light intensity, Ultraviolet radiation, Study room, Babol.

351

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of Health, Safety & Environment management system in health promoting Schools of kashan Maliheh Kachooei1, Ahmad Joneidi Jafari2, Seddigheh sadat khatami1 Mohsen Fathi Moghaddam1, Ali Etesam1, Mohsen Hesami Arani*3 1 Expert of Environmental Health, vice-chancellor for health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; [email protected] 2 Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran; [email protected] 3*Corresponding author: Ph.D Student of Medical Education, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran; [email protected] Abstract Background &objectives: The main purpose of Health Promoting School, was to establish and maintain a health management system in Iranian schools. Therefore, as respects the application of the HSE program in schools is one of the most important priorities, this study aims to evaluation of Health, Safety, Environment management system in schools of the city of Kashan. Methods: This study conducted in two phases-before and after the intervention- in 66 health promotion schools (primary, middle and high schools) of kashan city in 2017. The tool of data collection was standard Checklist of Ministry of Health and Medical education of Islamic Republic of Iran, that evaluate health, safety and environmental of schools. Main intervention included: education and sanitary. data was analyzed by spss 19 and paired t-test. Results: Average scores for each of the health, safety and environmental programs before the interventions were 87(±10.57)%, 80 (±3.01) % and 77.42(±16.33)% respectively. access to safe drinking water had the highest average scores, while the item of green space in schools had the lowest average score.There was not significant difference between the before and after mean score of intervention, although training Played an important role in improving health conditions. Conclusion: This study showed in order to achieve the objectives of the Health Promoter programs and establishment of Health, Safety, Environment management system in schools, school officials should carefully implement suggested strategies based on checklist items. Keywords: Health Promoting School, kashan city, HSE .

352

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigating the status of environmental health and safety in hairdressers in 7 and 4 district of Tehran Masoud feshki1,Giti kashi2, Maryam karim3, Erfaneh rahmati4 1 *Corresponding Author: Environmental Health Engineering graduate student and auditor OHSAS 18000, Islamic Azad University E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran 3 Environmental Health Engineering, Semnan Health Center, medical University Tehran 4 Master of environmental engineering, water and waste water, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Abstract Introduction and importance of the issue:: Health is the full of physical, psychological and social well- being, and it is not just lack of illness and disability. Safety can also be defined as the degree of risk aversion. Hairdressing is one of the most important and effective professions in the health of the community. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the health and safety barbers in regions 7 and 4 were conducted in Tehran in 1396. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 50 barber men in 7th and 4th district of Tehran. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire in areas of (personal and professional hygiene awareness, hairdresser health performance, health regulations, Article 13, and environmental and safety hygiene). After collection, data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results and discussion: The findings of the research on the mean age of the studied population (35 years) indicate that the studied population is young. Findings of the research on the educational status of our study population show that the level of education of barbers is low, with 82% of graduates with lower education, and only 18% of them have university education. The results showed that only 78% of people believe in the constant use of hats and suits for work in the workplace. 76% of the hairdressers had a health card. 86% of barbers used bright colors for customers. According to the results and findings, the condition of hairdressers is in good condition in terms of safety and health. Conclusion: Lack of health awareness in relation to occupation and poor performance of hairdressers in this regard requires the increase of awareness, attitude and practice of hairdressers' health through the organization of educational programs and retraining. Keywords: male barber, awareness, attitude, health, safety

353

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The role of environmental condition and preventive behaviors in leishmaniasis based on BASNEF model in people referring to health care centers of earthquake hit cities (Kermanshah province, Iran) in 2018 Mozhgan Irandost1, Meghdad Porsaheb2, Behzad Mahaki2, Fakhreddin Chaboksavar3, Mojtaba Salimi2, Anvar Asadi2* 1 Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 2 Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) 3PhD student health education and health promotion¸ school of health¸ Iran university of medical sciences¸ Tehran¸ Iran.; Email address ([email protected]) *Corresponding author: Anvar Asadi, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Email address ([email protected]) Abstract Background& objectives: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection caused by Leishmania parasites which created significant health threats in tropical regions of Iran especially in earthquake hit cities. This study investigate the role of environmental conditions, knowledge, attitudes and controlling measures of preventive behaviors in leishmaniasis based on BASNEF model in patients referring to health care centers of earthquake hit cities, Sarpol-e Zahab and Qasr-e Shirin in Kermanshah province, western Iran, in 2017. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 128 men/women who referred to rural and urban health centers in selected cities were included in the study. They filled a structured questionnaire containing questions about their demographic information, environmental conditions, their knowledge, attitude and preventive behavior control measures regarding Leishmaniasis. Results: The results showed that the environmental conditions of the participants in the study were at acceptable level. Approximately 68% of participants in the study, had access to wastewater collection network and, 89.1% of the people used urban water supply networks.About 67% of people participants disposed their domestic wastes in sanitary landfill and wastes were collected daily. The most important influential people in preventive behaviors (controlling actions) were family (72.4%) and the least was others. The preventive behaviors (controlling actions) was significantly correlated (p<0.001) with variables studied in BASNEF model using Pearson correlation test. The preventive behaviors against leishmaniasis were improved with increasing the score of each variable. Finally, enabling factors and behavioral intention structures were the most predictors of preventive behaviors against leishmaniasis. Conclusion: Distribution of leishmaniasis cases is influenced by combination of environmental conditions, ecological and behavior factors and sanitation measures. Therefore, control programs should be focused on village and cites that have high risk of disease. Keywords: BASNEF model, Leishmaniasis, control measures, preventive behaviors, environmental sanitation

354

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluating the Amount of Heavy Metals of Arsenic, Cadmium and Leads in Potato and Soil of Agricultural Land in Sefid Dasht- Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in 2017 Abbas Khodabakhshi 1, Kobra Shakeri Boroujen 2, Sara Hemati* 3 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: [email protected] 3 PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Sara Hemati, PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. Email: [email protected] Abstract Pollution of agricultural products with heavy metals through irrigation with wastewater and the use of sludge as fertilizer is one of the important health concerns and environmental issues. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of heavy metals of arsenic, cadmium and lead in potato and soil of agricultural lands in Sefid Dasht- Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. This research is an experimental-laboratory study. The sampling was carried out on three agricultural lands with an average area of one hectare. The hot air oven was used to dry samples at 100 ℃, Hach digestion was used for digestion of soil samples and Sandstone was used for digestion of potato samples Finally, the concentration of heavy metals was measured using the Varian atomic absorption spectrophotometer AA240 model. The results of this study showed that lead metal had the highest accumulation in soil (32.59 mg/kg) and potato (0.3993 mg/kg), and the mean concentration of cadmium, arsenic and lead in potatoes was lower than the standard limit. Comparison of transfer coefficient from soil to potato tubers in this study showed that the highest levels were associated with arsenic, cadmium and lead respectively. According to the results of this study, measures should be taken to prevent the excessive entry of heavy elements into the soil. Therefore, the amount of heavy elements in Sefid Dasht should be controlled by reducing the amount of livestock and chemical fertilizers. Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, Potato

355

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A review of studies on the impact of pesticides on the risk of cancer in Iran and the world with the aim of optimizing the use of pesticides in agriculture Majid Hashemi1, Mohammad Mehdi Amin2, Saeid Parastar3 , Afsaneh Chavoshani4, Saeid Fadaei4* 1PhD of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. [email protected] 2 Associate Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. [email protected] 4 Student Research committee, school of public health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. [email protected], [email protected] *Corresponding author: Saeid Fadaei : [email protected]

Abstract Introduction: Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, public health and personal hygiene, which highlight the importance of using such compounds throughout the world. Methods: In this systematic study, Farsi poisons, cancer and its equivalent were used in English, and articles from 1980 to 2017 were found in the Medex and Science Direct search engines, Magiran, Springer, Google Scholar, and Pubmed. Results: The effects of exposure to pesticides include leukemia, lymphoma, brain, kidney, breast and prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver, lung and skin, which are directly related to pesticide were studied. Conclusion: According to studies, there is sufficient evidence to show human carcinogens of pesticides. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the reasons for the unusual use of pesticides to design appropriate strategies for the optimal use of pesticides. Keywords: Pesticide, Cancer, Agriculture, Control Strategy

356

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Probabilistic risk assessment of exposure to BTEX in a "Hot Spot" for urban air pollution Abbas Norouzian Baghani1, 2*, Mahdieh Delikhoon3*, Razieh Sheikhi1, Maryam Heydari4, Mohammad Darvishmotevalli5, Hamed Mohammadi6

1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 3. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5. Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 6. Assistant Professor, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat jam, Iran  Corresponding authors: Abbas Norouzian Baghani; E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +989102141053; fax: +98 71 37251001; Mahdieh Delikhoon; E-mail [email protected];

Abstract This study reports a spatiotemporal characterization of toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes concentrations (BTEX) in an urban hot spot in Iran, specifically at a bus terminal region in Shiraz. Sampling was carried out according to NIOSH Compendium Method 1501. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was applied for spatial mapping. The Monte Carlo simulation technique was applied to evaluate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk owing to BTEX exposure. The highest average BTEX concentrations were observed for benzene in the morning (at 7:00–9:00 AM local time) (26.15± 17.65µg/m3) and evening (at 6:00–8:00 PM local time) (34.44 ±15.63µg/m3). The benzene to toluene ratios in the morning and evening were 2.02 and 3.07, respectively. The main sources of BTEX were gas stations and a municipal solid waste transfer station. The inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) for benzene in the morning and evening were 1.96 ×10-4 and 2.49×10-4, respectively, which exceeds the recommended value by US EPA and WHO. The hazard quotient (HQ) of all these pollutants was less than 1. The results of this work have implications for public health near ‘hot spots’ such as IKBT where large populations are exposed to carcinogenic emissions. Keywords: Risk assessment, BTEX, spatial mapping, hazard quotient

357

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Environmental health inspectors have supervising and controlling responsibility of food supply centers and general places and identification of their training needs is effective in promoting quality of health care services in community. 1 Tayebeh Elahi Environment&Occupational Health Center ; ta. elahi @yahoo.com Corresponding author: Ahmad Jonidi Jafary PhD Environment&Occupational Health Center

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize training needs of environmental health inspectors in different levels of health care centers. This is a cross- sectional study which is done in quantitative and qualitative parts. The first step was indirect need evaluation method through interview and Delphi method done by 20 environmental health experts. The second step was direct need evaluation done by 612 environmental health inspectors. Sampling in the first step was targeted random and in the second step was multi- stage random.Validity and stability of questionnaire was checked through consulting expertise and calculating Cronbakh Alpha(0.82).coefficient. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS softare. According to the surveys, training needs of environmental health inspectors in different levels of health care centers was determined by environmental health expertise through interview and 2-stage Delphi in five domains including: 1. Environmental health science with 11 abilities, 2. Inspectional and managerial conduction with 3 abilities, 3. Monitoring, Evaluation and analysis with 8 abilities, 4.role of cultural- communicational issues and ethics with 4 abilities and 5.using information technology with 3 abilities. According to the most agreement between expertise and environmental health inspectors in related abilities in the domain of inspectional and managerial conduction and also the role of cultural - communicational issues and ethics, there is more need to train them. This study showed the highest agreement among the experts regarding the competencies was on environmental Health in the Health System and Training needs priorities of environmental health inspectors according to their levels of services were different. According to the results of this study, it's necessary to design during work trainings according to their job needs in the line of duties. So, levels of knowledge, attitudes and skills of environmental health inspectors and consequently health care qualities will promote.

Keywords: environmental health inspectors, need evaluation, training during work, Delphi technique.

358

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Review of antibiotics removal methods from aqueous solution Azam Tarfiei 1, Mohammad Mosaferi 2, Mahdieh Tarfiei 3, Mohsen Ansari 4,5, * 1 Department of Human Ecology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2 Health & Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 3 Department of Environmental Health (Waste Management), Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 4 Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 5 Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. * Corresponding author: Mohsen Ansari, Email:[email protected] Abstract One of the emerging environmental problems is pharmaceutical residues in the environment. Pharmaceutical resistance and entering into the food cycle are main reasons for investigation and control of pharmaceutical pollution in the environment. Some pharmaceutical matter may accumulate in the environment due to having a long half-life and reach biological levels and eventually enter the aquatic environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review studies published in English between 2009 and 2019, in peer-reviewed journals, that have assessed the antibiotics removal methods from aqueous solution. The databases PubMed, ISI, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched for eligible articles. Searches used combinations of the Medical Subject Headings pharmaceutical, antibiotic and aqueous solution. Titles and abstracts were reviewed to determine eligibility before full-text articles were retrieved, which were then also reviewed. The results of this study showed that antibiotics are not completely eliminated in the conventional used treatment processes, and advanced treatment methods such as the use of Fenton-like, adsorption, ultraviolet light and other advanced oxidation process, Nano-filtration, carbon nanotubes, can only provide removal of antibiotics by about 90% for some of them. Despite the fact that the antibiotics residues value was in Ng. L-1, this also has a potential hazard for aquatic and human environments. Therefore, the development of appropriate methods for removing these materials from the environment should be considered. Keywords: Pharmaceutical, Antibiotics, Aqueous Solution, Treatment

359

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Comparison of deterministic and probabilistic methods for infection risk assessment of enteroviruses in consumption of vegetables irrigated with wastewater effluent Malihe Moazeni1*, Mahnaz Nikaeen2, Mahdi Hadi3, Sharareh Moghim4, Maryam Hatamzadeh2, Akbar Hassanzadeh5 1Student Research Committee and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 3Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 5Department of Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran *Corresponding author:Malihe Moazeni, [email protected] Abstract Background: Deterministic risk assessment estimates a single point of risk while probabilistic risk assessment evaluates a range of risk with use of probability distribution functions. Risk assessment is important when wastewater effluent is used in agricultural activities because of the potential transmission of infective enteroviruses to crop consumers. The aim of this study was to compare the deterministic and probabilistic risk methods for risk assessment of enteroviruses infections in consumption of wastewater effluent-irrigated vegetable. Methods: In this study, 15 wastewater effluent samples were taken from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The concentration of enteroviruses was measured with cell culture method. Risk assessment was analyzed by deterministic and probabilistic methods and results were compared with the WHO guideline of 10-3 infection risk per person per year (pppy). Findings: Enteroviruses were detected in 40% of samples. By deterministic risk assessment an infection risk of 0.1424 pppy was estimated, whereas by the probabilistic risk assessment a mean of infection risk of 0.0448 pppy was determined. In the probabilistic method, based on the sensitivity analysis, lettuce consumption and enteroviruses concentration in the effluent were important parameters for the increasing risk. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the estimated risk with deterministic method was higher than the probabilistic method. However, the estimated risk with two methods was more than of the WHO guideline. Therefore, control measures should be used in order to reduce the infection risk of enteroviruses for wastewater usage in agricultural activities. However, further research about the environmental fate of enteroviruses in a semiarid climate is needed. Keywords: Enterovirus, Risk Assessment, vegetables, Wastewater.

360

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The Application of Fuzzy Ordered Weighting Average Model in Prioritizing the Important Criteria for Environmental Health Evaluation of Swimming Pools Mohammad Ali Baghapour1, Zohre Moeini2, Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian3* 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, [email protected] 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran, [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract Introduction: In order to environmental health evaluation of a pool comprehensively, many criteria with different specific importance are involved and specific weight should be dedicated to each criterion. These weights are assigned according to all aspects such as managerial, experimental, and scientific using professional perspective of different Decision-Maker (DM) groups. Therefore, an acceptable consensus among viewpoints about different parameters are required and necessary. This current study aimed to weight the involved criteria in the checklist of environmental health inspection and prioritize them according to their importance. Materials and Methods: Fuzzy Ordered Weighting Average (FOWA) model as one of the most powerful Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) support systems were used to calculate each parameter’s weight. Opinions of 25 DMs were taken which were comprised from four professional groups including university professors, environmental health managers, environmental health experts, and physical education organization experts for weighting purpose. After the weighting process, consensus degree of DMs and criteria were calculated to authenticate the result values. Results: Criteria entitled “standard amount of residue chlorine, pH, physical, chemical and biological properties of water” and “the valid certification of public health course and health card for staff” were identified as the most and the least important criteria with weight values of 0.79 and 0.27, respectively. All DMs showed a significant consensus degree more than acceptable threshold of 0.6. Among the pool’s quality parameters, the first criterion entitled “the valid certification of public health course and health card for staff” received the consensus degree equal to 0.56 which was known as not eligible for using in further judgment. Conclusion: Considering the important role of swimming pools in the transmission of contagious diseases, a complete and fairly evaluation of them is essential in environmental health Inspection.

361

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Accordingly, a comprehensive assessment can be obtained using FOWA model. Therefore, the presented methodology could be used as an appropriate tool to develop indices to quantify the massive data gathered by environmental health inspectors. Keywords: Swimming pool, Health, Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Fuzzy.

362

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Study of Supporting Electrolytes Effect on the Ciprofloxacin Removal using Electro-Fenton Process Elham Aseman-Bashiz and Abbas Rezaee* Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran * Corresponding author: Abbas Rezaee, [email protected] Abstract Background & objectives: The excessive and incorrect use of antibiotics such the ciprofloxacin (CIP) due to stable chemical structure and its entry into the environment causes bioaccumulation leading to serious health concerns. Electro-Fenton (EF) process is known as one of the most effective processes for the treatment of toxic compounds and compounds with low degradability. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of supporting electrolyte on the removal of ciprofloxacin by electro-Fenton method. Methods: This study was an experimental-laboratory study using a Plexiglas cell equipped with stainless steel mesh (1 cm × 8 cm) that used directly and at a distance of 2 cm. The experiments were carried out under constant conditions of ciprofloxacin concentration of 25 mg / L, current density 20 mA, reaction time of 45 minutes, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 100 mg / L and pH 3. The effect of NaCl and Na2SO4 supporting electrolytes with different concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g / l were investigated. Samples of ciprofloxacin were measured by direct light spectroscopy at 274nm. Results: According to the obtained results, with increasing of both electrolytes, the efficiency of the process have increased, however, the efficiency of NaCl concentration with increasing of 0.5 to 1 and 1.5 were obtained 52, 40 and 20% higher than the efficiency in the presence of Na2SO4 electrolyte. The results also showed that with increasing supporting electrolyte concentrations, the voltage decreases and, we have saving in the consumed energy. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that in the utilizing of NaCl supporting electrolytes, due to the better conductivity and oxidative effect of chlorine has efficient effect on the ciprofloxacin in the electro- Fenton process. Keywords: Supporting Electrolyte, Ciprofloxacin, Electro-Fenton, Wastewater

363

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effect of supporting electrolyte on nitrate and Echerichia coli removal using electrochemical process with carbon cloth electrode Soraya Fazeli 1, Abbas Rezaee 2* 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.; [email protected] *2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.; [email protected]

Abstract Background and Objectives: Nitrate is one of the most important pollutants in water sources. In recent years, the utilizing of contaminated water by animals and humans have caused many health problems. Therefore, the nitrate and pathogenic agents such as Escherichia coli in the water is one of the most problems in the world. Recently, electrochemical process has been considered as a promising process to removal nitrate and disinfection for various sources of waters. The aim of this study was to provide a method for increasing the efficiency of removal nitrate and Escherichia coli from water, reduced electrical resistance and reduced electrical energy consumption in the system. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out in a Plexiglas reactor with volume 500 ml. In order to reduce the electrical resistance of the anode electrode, carbon clothes with a cover of stainless steel mesh was used as a sandwich panel. The effect of support electrolyte concentration of sodium chloride (0/25-1 g/l) and time (0-150 min) on the nitrate, bacteria removal efficiency and on the amount of electrical energy consumption were evaluated Result and Conclusion: The obtained electrical resistance in the system with sandwich panel anode was reduced from %61 to %32 in the presence of 0.5 g/l support electrolyte. The efficiency of nitrate removal was obtaind 100% and the Eshericha coli were removed during 15 minutes. Also, the amount of electrical energy consumption %41was decreased. The results of this study showed that the system with the presence of the sandwich panel electrode and support electrolyte, and with less energy consumption, could removal high nitrate and bacteria from the water sources.

Keywords: Electrochemical process, Nitrate, Escherichia coli, sandwich panel, Supporting electrolyte.

364

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

365

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Optimization on electrocoagulation processes in removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic (kinetic modeling and propose degradation pathway) Mina Rezaei*, Sajjad Rahimi Bistooni 2, Ali Akbar Shekarchi3 *Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Branch of Amirkabir; Email: [email protected] 2Khalkhal university medical of science; Email: [email protected] 3Ardabil university medical of science; Email: [email protected] Abstract Ciprofloxacin is the second group of Chemotherapy synthesis that it is belongs to Fluor-quinolones group. This contaminations produce through the hospital wastewater, Sewage, pharmacy sewage, and transfer into the water resource supply and underground water which caused environmental dangerous. The aimed of this study was to investigate the electrocoagulation processes in removal of Ciprofloxacin, because of high solubility, toxicity and non-biodegradation was selected. This research was in laboratory scale and batch system. The parameters which were measured in this research includees concentration (50-200 mg/L), electrodes distance (1-3 cm), stream intensity (0.2-0.8 A) and pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11). Temperature was hold constant (23±0.5Ċ) in laboratory conditions. The result showed that high removal approximately 99.8% obtained with 0.4 A stream intensity, 1cm electrodes distance and 50 mg/L concentration. As well as, kinetic modeling first-order, second-order and First pseudo were investigated. The amounts of R2 were obtained 0.7439, 0.8309 and 0.9998 respectively. Finally, First pseudo kinetic model approved. In additional, in order to determine Intermediate compounds the HPLC test was performed. Result showed that Ciprofloxacin could be degrade to simple compounds.

Keywords: Electrocoagulation, Ciprofloxacin, Kinetic modeling

366

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of Cadmium and lead in selected cosmetic products from Iran markets Ali Shahryari1, Ali Zafarzadeh2, Pary Sima Bourghei3, Hossein Naseri4

1Environmental Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan, Iran; Email; [email protected] 2Environmental Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Email; [email protected] 3Bachelor of Environmental Health, Gorgan Health Office, Gorgan, Iran. Email; [email protected] 4Bachelor of Environmental Health, Gorgan Health Office, Gorgan, Iran. Email; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Ali Shahryari Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Hyrcania Blvd. P. O. Box: 4918936316, Gorgan, Iran. Tell: +98 1732436105 FAX: +98 1732436107

Abstract Iran is the seventh countries with the highest cosmetic product usage in the entire world. Hence, it is necessary to determine the quantity of toxic metals in cosmetic due to adverse effects for health human. Our purposes were to (1) determine whether cosmetics products consumed in Gorgan (north of Iran), contain a level of Cd and Pb above standard limit of 3 and 10μg/g, respectively and (2) determine whether differences in types of cosmetics products are significant. In total, 264 samples of the selected cosmetic products including lipstick, nail polish, eyeliner, eye pencil, eye shadow, make up cleaner, mascara, pancake, tattoo and hair dye were analyzed during the period 2016-2017. The content of Cd and Pb were measured with a polarograph following nitric acid digestion. The program used for the statistical evaluation was SPSS20.0 at a significance level of p <0.05. The mean level of Pb in lipstick, tattoo and nail polish was 15.39, 13.09 and 10.36, respectively. Moreover, the average concentration of Cd was 5.39, 5.33 and 3.97 for eye pencil, lipstick and tattoo, respectively. The average concentration of Cd and Pb were less than the standard limit for other analyzed cosmetics. The statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between Cd (p=0.038) and Pb (p=0.013) among different types of the cosmetic. Long-term exposure to low-level of Cd and Pb in cosmetic may pose health risks to women who used this product. Thus, implementing enforce quality control program is necessary to ensure the safety of consumers based on the lowest health risk. Key words: Cadmium, Cosmetics, Lead, Poisoning, Iran.

367

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of noise pressure level at mosques at the time of religious ceremonies Hossein Alidadi1, Mohammad Shamsoddin Dayani Tilaki2, Mohsen Yazdani3, Ali Asghar Navaei4, Mahmoud Dankoob4* 1 Professor, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Health sciences research center, school of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .([email protected]). 2Lecturer, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran. 3PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. ([email protected]) 4M.Sc. student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, school of Health,Mashhad *Corresponding author: Mahmood Dankoob ([email protected]) Abstract Background: In events such as lectures and mourning ceremonies , despite the importance of understanding concepts, the height and the reflection of sound contribute to the creation of excitement. determining the level of sound pressure can provide the desired level of listening comprehension so that, while having the necessary excitement, it will prevent the adverse effects of sound on the health of people in the long run. Material & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the sample size of the research was determined through enumeration of all the active mosques of Mashhad in Iran. For determining the distribution of sound pressure level in mosques, networking method and for measuring, sound level meter (TES 1358) was utilized. Results: The average sound pressure level during religious rituals, lectures and mourning ceremonies (chest beating) was 87.14, 90.31, and 93.91 dB in the C frequency weighing network. Comparing sound pressure level in the A frequency weighing network in the morning ceremony with the standard of the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) showed a statistically significant difference (P-value=0.013). Conclusion: Since religious rituals take an average time of 2 hours, audio players should be adjusted to have a sound pressure level of 80 dB. In this way, exposure this sound pressure level for 2 to 3 hours based on the standard of WHO, would be noticeably risky.

Key words: Noise, sound, mosques, ceremonies, auditory, religious

368

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of health - care indicators at dental and general clinics in Mashhad - 2018 Ali Asghar Navaei 1, MohsenYazdani2, Abdollah Javan Rashid3, Mahmoud Dankoob1* 1M.Sc. student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, school of Health,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ([email protected]) ([email protected]) 2PhD student of Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Environmental health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. ([email protected]) 3 M.Sc. Biostatistics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran .( [email protected]) *Corresponding author: Mahmoud Dankoob ([email protected]) Abstract Background: Clinics are one of the most important treatment centers that people come to cure. The necessity of observing the infection control points in each treatment center is clear and clear in order to prevent cross-infection. The aim of this study was to determine the health indicators in dental clinics of Mashhad in 1396. Material & Methods: In this study, investigators assessed 84 clinics, including 36 dental and 48 general clinics, and a checklist in five areas of building physics, appliances and equipment, environmental health, infection control and other design and results, according of unacceptable, acceptable, lack of complete conditions and inappropriate categorization and tables and graph data were analyzed using statistical software.

Results: More than 57% of the clinics in question are of general and nearly 33% of the total number of clinics in the two urban areas (regions 1 and 2). In all areas, the acceptable index in public clinics more than dental clinics, which does not necessarily mean Inefficiency dental clinics, but in many cases, due lack of complete conditions, the index is weighted. Performing 53% of the Waste separation, performing 83% correct flushing and qualify for 55.5% of the hepatitis B vaccination plus the antibody titer for dentist assistant in dental clinics are some of these . Conclusion: Infection control in general clinics was weaker compared to dental clinics, and raising the level of knowledge and attitude of technical authorities in the field of infection control would result in better performance and thus higher sterilization quality. Key words: clinic, Building Physics, Supplies & Equipments, Environmental Health, Infection Control

369

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Bioremediation of the soils contaminated with phosphorus pesticides using the earthworm Eisenia foetida Habibeh Momeni 1 *, Hamid Reza Zakeri 1, Salehe Salehnia 1,Mahdi Mokhtari 2 ,Hosseinali Asgharnia 3,4 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran; [email protected] 3 Environmental Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Habibeh [email protected] Abstract aim of study: The hazards of pesticides on health of human and environmental elements have become well known. Given that earthworms are important bio-indicators for measuring the health and quality of soil with the ability to degrade soil organic matter, this study aimed to investigate the ability of Eisenia foetida earthworms in bioremediation of soils contaminated with Phosphorus pesticides. methodology: This was an experimental study. This study was carried out in lab scale on soils contaminated with phosphorus pesticides (diazinon and chlorpyrifos). A total of 30 worms were added to the soils contaminated with diazinon and chlorpyrifos in concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.1 mg/g. HPLC was used to measure final concentrations of pesticides after 30 and 60 days in the worm’s body and in soil samples. Data was analyzed by SPSS [21] software. Results: There was a significant correlation between reduced concentration of pesticides in the soil and accumulation of pesticides in the worm’s body. The highest removal rate of chlorpyrifos equal to 86% obtained at 0.06 mg.g-1 after 60 days followed by 84.83% after 30 days. 98.5% and 88.16% removal rates of diazinon in the soil samples with concentration 0.06 mg.g-1 were seen after 60 days and 30 days, respectively. Conclusions: Results of this study supported the use of worms for bioremediation of soils polluted with concentrations of diazinon and chlorpyrifos between 0.04 mg.g-1 and 0.06 mg.g-1 because of the lower chance of worms' exposure to pesticides at less concentrations and higher mortality of worms at higher concentrations. Keywords: Bioremediation, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Eisenia foetida

370

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Studying indices of environmental health and safety in Shiraz schools at academic year of 2016-2017 Hasan Hashemi1, Habibe Momeni2* 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi blvd, Shiraz, Iran 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Habibeh [email protected] Abstract Introduction: The school is recognized as a suitable place for humanization and plays a very productive role in providing a healthy and cheerful life, and cultivating people with healthy behaviors. Schools must have an environment that can respond to all aspects of students' physical, psychological and social needs. Hence, the aim of this study was evaluating environmental health indices in secondary level high schools. Material and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, samples were selected as cluster of 10 girls' schools and 10 boys' schools of district 2 in Shiraz city at academic year of 2016-2017. Data were collected through a questionnaire and field observation and analyzed using Excel software. Results: The proportionality of the extent of the educational space to the students' population conformed to the standard in 95% of the studied schools. The number of hand-wash basins, toilets, and drinking taps were proportional to the students' population in 80%, 90% and 95% of schools, respectively. Temperature and humidity were at standard levels in 70% and 75% of the classrooms, respectively. In 30% of the schools there was no pleasant and proper ventilation system. 80% of the schools had fire extinguishers with valid charging date. In all schools, wastewater produced by different parts was collected by absorbent well. The schools' solid wastes were transferred by the municipality on a daily basis. Conclusion: The status of Shiraz city schools in terms of environmental health and safety indexes based on the environmental health regulation of schools was in the middle level. Therefore, the relevant authorities should pay more attention and precision to improve the health status of schools. In some cases, health and safety related shortcomings are associated with the process of building schools, which requires more coordination between the Ministry of Health and the Schools Renovation Organization. Keywords: Environmental Health, Safety, Schools, Shiraz

371

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

A Survey in heavy metals concentration in fruit tobacco distributed in zabol Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkha1*, Alireza Khammar1, Batool Rezaei Kahkha1 , Mansoor Hosseinzaei1 Ali Faghihi zarandi 1- Department of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Public Health , Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol, Iran Author: Assistant professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Zabol University of Medical Sciences. Zabol. Iran Phone: 05432232190, Email: [email protected] Abstract The entry of heavy metals into the environment has increased, which is a serious threat to the ecosystem of the earth. Heavy metals are entering the environment on a large scale, from natural resources and human-made. According to the type of plant, the tobacco plant has the ability to absorb and store heavy metals. In this study, heavy metals concentration in 14 samples of Fruit Tobacco that supplied in Zabol and a sample of local tobacco as well as hookah water, were studied. Measurements of heavy metals were carried out using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the amount of heavy metals changed according to the taste of tobacco, and the nickel metal has the highest amount in the tobacco with chewing gum taste. Also, all different flavors of tobacco have different amounts of heavy metals. The tobacco with taste of gum has the highest accumulation of heavy metals. Also, all water samples containing various and large amounts of heavy metals.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Fruit Tobacco, Hookah Water

372

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Assessment of pollution of BPA in The leaf arrived of ATMs، ATMs boxes ،(POS)stories Abbasali Tavakkolian1*, Hamidreza Pourzemani2, Afshin Ebrahimi3, Hossein Bibak4,Hamideh Rezazadeh5,Reza Bagherpoor Borazjani6 1MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, Student research committee, School of Health, Boushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boushehr , Iran, Email: [email protected] 2Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Email:[email protected] 3Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Email: [email protected] 4Entomology Expert, Boushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boushehr , Iran, Email: [email protected] 5MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Boushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boushehr , Iran, Email: [email protected] 6Environmental Health Engineering Expert, Student research committee, School of Health, Boushehr University of Medical Sciences, Boushehr , Iran, Email:[email protected] *Corresponding Author: Abbasali Tavakkolian, Email:[email protected] Abstract

BPA is an industrial chemical compound which is widely used as the main raw material for producing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins which applied in many food products and packaging.

This substance has estrogenic and genotoxic effects, and exposure to environmental conditions may result in direct changes in genes and causing a risk to human health through the food chain or skin contact. This pollution causes risks of health via food chains or cutaneous contacts eco-genotoxiocology studies include the interaction of physical and chemical processes with DNA and secondary effects including carcinogenesis, teratogenicity, breast cancer and human fertility decline. In this research, we have tried to study the prospects of consumption and clinical exposures due to the increasing demand for this substance in the industries which has led to an increase in the excessive production of this chemical. More than one million tons of Bisphenol A were produced in the world, and as 40% of BPA molecules were absorbed via the skin, this penetration rate is very high and exposure for 2 hours of skin with BPA causes this toxic substance to enter the bloodstream.

Studies have shown that BPA levels were very high among those who were constantly in contact with the printed receipts of merchants, ATMs and stores.

There is a powder on printed receipts which is one thousandth of the total weight of the receipts that is made of free BPA, i.e. non-polymerized, in contrast to food packaging absorbed immediately as soon as it is

373

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

contacted. As mentioned above, eliminating this hazardous compound and reducing bisphenol A mazon is an environment and a vital life cycle on powdery leafs arrived is very high that these has one milli of weigh of food that these provide by free BPA unpolymerization and spite food paking as soon as contact with hand be absorbed. In notice to above cases،deletion this dangerous combine and reducing of BPAfrom the environment and life cycle is essential

Key words: Bisphenol A،skin contact،print receipt،cancer

374

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Analysis of Information Needs of Hospital Workers in the Field of Health Literacy - A Case Study of Personnel Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia Fahim Amini Tapok1, Osman Amini*2

1 . PHD Student in Environmental Health of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and BS in Environmental Health of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Urmia university of medical sciences, Email: [email protected], Tell: 09141478379 2 . MA in Library and information Science and librarian of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Urmia university of medical sciences (Corresponding Author), Email: [email protected], Tel: 09397371973

Abstract:

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the information needs of Hospital Workers (HW) in the field of health literacy.

Materials &Methods: In this study the Delphi Method was used to investigate the informational needs of the HW of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia. 30 persons as members of the Delphi panel were selected through purposive sampling. Information needs of this group of four successive stages were identified and classified. The final step is to determine the consensus among the panel members were Kendall's coefficient That the gained coefficient is 0/6. In the other section of this study, to compare the information needs of HW and their job descriptions were paid.

Results: This research In terms of am is applied and In terms of method is descriptive-analytical research. Results indicated that the information needs of HW are 25 cases that arranged in the order of importance. These needs are claasificated in three major groups (important needs 15 cases, mediocre needs 7 cases and non significants are 3 cases).

1 . PHD Student in Environmental Health of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and BS in Environmental Health of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Urmia university of medical sciences, Email: [email protected], Tell: 09141478379 2 . MA in Library and information Science and librarian of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Urmia university of medical sciences (Corresponding Author), Email: [email protected], Tel: 09397371973

375

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Conclusion: Identify the information needs of HW in the field of health literacy improve the quality of health services - treatment. Also the Comparisons their information needs With HW job descriptions revealed that needs broader range of HW work that they are rarely reflected in their job descriptions.

Key words: Information Needs, Hospital Workers, Health Literacy, Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia

376

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigating the role of comprehensive inspection managment system in promoting environmental health programs from the viewpoint of environmental health inspectors (Case Study: Marvdasht City) Asghar alahyari1, Abolfazl Azhdarpoor2, Parisa karimi3 , Hamid karami3 1*M.Sc. Environmental Health Engineering of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; [email protected] 2Associated prof. Environmental Health Engineering of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran : [email protected] 3 Bachelor of Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran Abstract Environmental health inspectors are an essential and vital part of the health system and play an important role in preventing disease, promoting health and improving the environment. In view of the community's expectations of the environment and its activities in order to maintain and improve its health and legal responsibilities as well as The changes that have taken place in health care over the past two decades are of particular importance when considering the comprehensive health and safety monitoring system of the health and environment program.This study is a descriptive cross- sectional study conducted in the second half of 2018. 30 questionnaires were completed from Marvdasht environmental health inspectors and finally analyzed with SPSS18 software. The findings showed that answering the questions of the comprehensive inspection system reduces the cost of equipment purchasing, printing and reproduction, and better monitoring of inspections and supervision, 86/70 percent with the highest frequency and answering the question of increasing customer satisfaction by 40 / 00 percent with the lowest abundance in the benefits of the Integrated Inspection Management System. Percentage of responses consistent with the questions of non- loading checklists and updating of the Silverlight program from the limits of the comprehensive inspection system. 86/70 with the highest frequency and percentage of responding The question of lack of authority in approving inspections prevents the timely execution of legal actions in comprehensive inspection system will be a comprehensive inspection at the lowest frequency from the standpoint of environmental health inspection is 73/30. The results showed that the benefits of the comprehensive inspection management system were very significant in terms of its limitations and had a significant impact on environmental health performance. Keywords: Integrated Inspection Management System, Environmental Health, Silverlight, Health

377

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of annual effective dose of natural background radiation of in indoor level students of public schools in Hamadan in 2015 – 2016 Mohamad Taghi Samadi1, Bahman Golzar Khojasteh2*, Ladan Shokery MirAzizy3 , Zahra Askhandary4

1. MSc in Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, Health Research and Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. [email protected]

2. Associate Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Center of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. samadi

3. General Psychology, Education, Laljin City, Hamedan, Hamedan, Iran.

[email protected]

4. MSc in Health Education, Deputy Health Center, Health Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Aim of study: Human beings are always exposed to ionizing radiation, and therefore the measurement of natural background radiation is of particular importance. In this study, the annual effective dose of natural background radiation in closed spaces of students of public schools in Hamadan city was measured using RDS-110 cum simulator. Methodology: In this research, were selected along four principal geographical directions and one point at the center of the schools. Regarding the number of students in public schools in each city, in each of the five regions, a number of state-run schools in district 1 and district 2 were randomly selected. Using the RDS-110 survey meter, the natural dose rate in the open space of public schools of size was accepted. Results and conclusion: Among the public schools in the Hamadan city, the schools of district 1 with the value of 1.41 ± 0.079 mSv and the area of 2.005 ± 044.04 mSv had the highest and the lowest mean annual dose measured due to natural radioactive closed space (gamma background radiation).The highest average dose rate due to natural radioactive γ in the open space between buildings of public schools with a life expectancy of less than 40 years was 1.42 ± 0.219 mSv and 1.44 ± 0.414 mSv respectively. From the geographical point of view, it was related to the construction

378

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

of schools in the two regions (south), one (west) of public schools in the city of Hamadan. Based on these results and the previous study on the measurement of natural gamma rays in public schools in Hamadan, effective annual students of public schools in Hamadan city were determined by the difference of 0.83 mSv. According to the results of this study, the mean annual natural background dose due to γ rays exceeded the recommended average in the UNSCEAR report (0.5 mSv). The effective annual dose of the public schools in Hamadan is 0.83 mSv for γ rays, which is higher than its global average (0.48 mSv) compared to UNSCEAR 2000 report. Keywords: Background Radiation, annual effective dose, School students, Natural radiation,

379

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Detection of Synthetic Dyes in Nuts by thin layer chromatography in Qazvin province Azam Rahimi Niaraki 1 *, Fatemeh Jalilvand 2, Ali Sadeghi Niaraki 3, Zahra Noori 4, Maryam Asgari 5

1* Food Quality Control Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.([email protected]) 2 Food Quality Control Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. ([email protected]) 3 Food Quality Control Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. ([email protected]) 4 Food Quality Control Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.( Noori [email protected]) 5 Food Quality Control Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. (Asgari.Maryam@ gmail.com) Abstract Background and Objective: Colors are added to food for several hundreds of years and they are divided into natural and synthetic categories. Synthetic dyes do not possess any nutritional value and they are also associated with hazardous effects on health including allergy and hyperactivity in children. Use of synthetic dyes in nuts is prohibited according to national standards of Iran. In this study, presence of synthetic dyes in nuts such as sunflower seed, jabani seed, pumpkin seed, pistachio and cashew kernel were investigated in Qazvin province. Materials and Methods: A total of 179 samples including sunflower seed (n=34), jabani seed (n=50), pumpkin seed (n=37), pistachio(n=33) and cashew kernel(n=25) were collected using random sampling and its synthetic dyes were extracted and were analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. Results: The results showed that 78 (43.6%) samples had synthetic dye. Sunflower seed, jabani seed, pumpkin seed, pistachio and cashew kernel contained 38.2%, 70%, 43.2%, 18.2% and 32% synthetic dyes, respectively. Tartrazine and Quinoline yellow were used in sunflower seed, pumpkin seed, pistachio and cashew kernel. Also, the synthetic dye of Ponceau-4R was observed in jabani seeds. Conclusions: This study highlighted, it is of great importance to raise the awareness and change the attitude of the people in charge in these jobs as well as the consumers with regard to the side effects of synthetic dyes. Keywords: Synthetic dyes, Thin Layer Chromatography, Nuts, Qazvin

380

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of Blankit Residue and Ash in Broken Sugars, in Qazvin Province Fatemeh Jalilvand 1*, Azam Rahimi Niaraki 2, Ali Sadegi Niaraki 3, Robbabe Hadizadeh Saffari 4, Seddighe Hasani 5 1 Food Quality Control Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. ([email protected]) 2 Food Quality Control Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.([email protected]) 3 Food Quality Control Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. ([email protected]) 4 Food Quality Control Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. ([email protected]) 5 Food Quality Control Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. ([email protected]) Abstract Background and objectives: Blankit is used as a bleaching agent in sugar industry. The application of this material in food industries is noticeable and has led to dangerous side effects. Therefore, the evaluation of remaining blankit is one of the most important factors in sugar quality control. Another important test in sugar quality control is measurement of ash context. In this study, the blankit residue and ash in broken sugars were investigated in Qazvin province. Methods: In this study, blankit residue of sugar was measured using spectrophotometry method in 44 samples and ash test was determined by conductivity method in 48 samples. The maximum amount allowed by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran for blankit residue is 10 ppm and for conductivity ash is 15. Results: The results showed that the amount of blankit in 22.72 % samples was more than permitted maximum (10 ppm) and conductivity ash in 58.3 % samples was higher than 15. The highest and lowest concentrations of blankit residue were 99 and 0.2 ppm, respectively (208.66 and 6 in ash test). Conclusion: The results and the dangerous effects of blankit residue on human health indicated the importance of further monitoring and control over production factories. It is necessary to improve the quality of raw materials and equipment to reduce ash content. Also, ash content could be reduced by monitoring the production process. Keywords: Blankit, Ash, Sugar, Qazvin

381

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of determination of physico-chemical properties of carwash wastewater in Karaj and the efficiency of Al2(SO4)3 and Fe2(SO4)3 coagulant for treatment of wastewater from these units Mohamadreza Massoudinejad1, Mehrnoosh Abtahi2, Malihe Nasrollah Boroojerdi3, Raheleh Kafaei4 1Professor of Environmental Health Engineering , School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Email address: [email protected] 2Assistant Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 3Masters Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 4Ph.D Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] *Corresponding author: malihe Nasrollah Boroojerdi Abstract This is an experimental-cross-sectional study with applied nature. Ten carwashes were selected in cluster form at two sampling stages in March 2011 and July 2011. At the beginning of each sampling stage, samples were taken from every carwash and pH, COD, TDS, turbidity, electrical conductivity, oil and fat, and surfactant were measured. In the next stage, three carwashes with the highest, the lowest and the average COD concentrations were selected and they underwent re-sampling. The efficiency of the coagulation and clarification process was investigated through Jar test for treating the wastewater of these units using two coagulants of aluminum sulfate and iron sulfate. The results were analyzed by Excel; and statistical indices including mean value and standard deviation were calculated. The average value of water consumption for washing each car was estimated to be 97 liters in March 2016 and 100 liters in July 2017, respectively. On average, each carwash in Karaj generated 4557 liters wastewater per day in winter and 4900 liters per day in summer. The mean pH, TSS, TDS, EC, COD, oil and fat and surfactant and turbidity of wastewater generated from studied carwashes were obtained as 7.78±0.49, 2948±25.3mg/L , 705±104.85mg/L, 1401.5±229microsiemes/cm, 989.89±337.4mg/L, 157.87±47.42mg/L, 14.71±5.92mg/L and 431±286.6NTU respectively. In the coagulation and clarification process, the highest COD removal efficiency was obtained using aluminum sulfate coagulant with concentration of 450 mg /L, which its result with a homogeneous wastewater with initial COD was 1150 mg /L at pH equal to 8.5, equal to 82.03%. The highest removal efficiency of oil and fat for wastewater clarified with initial oil and grease was 248 mg /L at pH 7.31, using an iron sulfate coagulant with a concentration of 250 mg /L, 86.29%. The highest removal efficiency of turbidity in using iron sulfate coagulant with a concentration of 350 mg /L for homogeneous wastewater with an initial turbidity of 789 mg /L at pH equal to 9.5, equal to 99.64%. In using iron sulfate coagulant, the highest removal efficiency of surfactant in the concentration of iron sulfate at a concentration of 400 mg /L for homogeneous wastewater with initial surfactant was 26 mg /L at pH equal to 9.5, equal to 56.77%. The proposed

382

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

method in this study is to treat the wastewater in an efficient way, but it does not reduce most of the pollutants to a standard level and requires another complementary method to meet the standards. Keywords: carwash wastewater treatment, chemical required oxygen, total suspended solids, oil and grease, surfactants

383

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation of environmental health index in marine scope - Case study: search and rescue vessels in boushehr port Narges Alipour Estahbanati 1 1 master degree of HSE engineering, occupational health, boushehr port and maritime authority Abstract Background and Objective: The importance of work environmental on the health and its effect on human efficiency and continual improvement at management system and industry is undeniable. The purpose of the study was to investigate environmental conditions in search and rescue vessels at boushehr port and maritime authority. Material and method: In this descriptive study, six search and rescue vessels (SAR) were evaluated within three months by an HSE expert using environmental comparison and trend analysis of the indicators in a two- year time series. Result: The findings revealed increasing level of environmental health indexes by an average of 1.8 percent. The highest improvement rate was in the waste index with three percent and the least improvement in the water and waste water index which was 0 percent. The result showed that the highest percentage score in disease control index and infection was 93 percent and the lowest percentage score in waste and garbage index was 67 percent. Keywords: environmental health, integrated management system, environmental health indicators, search and rescue vessels.

384

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Medical geology in Dehdasht area with emphasis on geology setting in IDD Tahereh Salehi Saraseyab1, Sedigheh Bataleb Loei 2, Hakimeh Amanipor 3 1 Master of Science in Environmental Geology, Khorramshahr Marine Science and Technology University; [email protected] 2 Assistant Professor of Natural Resources Faculty, Khorramshahr Marine Science and Technology University; [email protected] 3 Assistant Professor of Natural Resources Faculty, Khorramshahr Marine Science and Technology University; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Tahereh Salehi Saraseyab Abstract Iodine is an essential micronutrient for human health. The lack of it causes various diseases, such as goiter. Climate and geological conditions are the causes of the incidence and prevalence of this disease. Considering that in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad and Dehdasht Province, thyroid disorders have been observed, the aim of this study was to determine the level of TSH secretion and the association of iodine levels with geology and formations in the region. The research method was carried out using blood tests and analysis of the elements in the soil. The results indicated that the probability of iodine deficiency in the region could be attributed to the geology and formations of the region, since the formations in the region were calcareous and alkaline, with high calcium content, and retaining iodine content and preventing its mobility. Keywords: Medical geology, Iodine, Thyroid disorders, Dehdasht city

385

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

The association of gastrointestinal cancers (esophagus, stomach and colon) with solar ultraviolet radiation in Iran - an ecological study Ismail Najafi, NargesKhanjani, Mohammad Reza Ghotbi, Ismail Mysinainejad Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Associate Professor, Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Cancer, Birjand university of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

Introduction: Iran has variations in the incidence of cancer in its different provinces. Moreover, Iran is one of the countries with a high incidence of gastrointestinal cancers in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the incidence of esophageal, stomach and colon cancers with ultraviolet radiation. Methodology: This study was an ecological study. The age-standardized incidence of cancer from 2004 to 2008 was obtained from the National Cancer Registry of Iran for all provinces. UV index data was taken from the world weather site. The longitude and latitude of cities were obtained from the NationalTopography Organization.Demographic, variables were taken from the STEPS report of the Ministry of Health. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 software and through linear regression. Results: UV emission levels showed a strong negative correlation with the incidence of esophageal and gastric cancers, in both genders, in all years. However, this correlation was stronger in men. As well as,UV radiation showed a significant correlation with colon cancer among both genders.There was no relation between longitude and incidence of cancer. Linear regression results showed that with a unit increase in UV, the incidence of gastric, esophagus and colon cancers in males decreases byβ = -5,089, β = -3.508, and β = -1.015 significant coefficients , respectively. Conclusion:Cities with higher levels of UV index have a relatively lower incidence of gastrointestinal cancers. Ultraviolet radiation may act as a protective factor against these cancers. Keyword: Incidence of Cancer, UVB, Latitude, Ecological study, Iran

386

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

study of brucellosis distribution in Zanjan during 2012-2017 using spatial-temporal analysis Zahra Rostami1*, Soghrat faghihzadeh2, Behroz taghilou3, Younes khosravi4 1 Senior Student in Biostatistics Zanjan University of Medical science; Email address ([email protected]) 2 Ph.D. in Biostatistics and Professor Zanjan University of Medical science 3 MSc Medical Entomology Zanjan University of Medical science -Department of Medical Entomology 4 Ph.D. in Geography at Zanjan University *renderer Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), out of a total of 1709 pathogens, 832 agents (49%) are transmitted from animals to humans, one of the most common diseases of humans and animals is brucellosis, which is considered as the spread of infection due to domestic livestock and wild and the issue is taken in to account from economic and health dimensions. The data was collected by Health Center of Zanjan Province and followed by confirmation of the department of fighting diseases over the years 2012-2017. Using the GIS software, an evolving spatial pattern for the disease brucellosis and also the number of people affected by this disease on a point map were displayed based on cities of the Zanjan Province during 2012- 2017 and then using an experimental model, the severity of the disease with a spatial-temporal cox model was evaluated. The results showed that after 2013 the disease evidence increased and most cases were in 2014 and 2015 in the province, but from 2016 and 2017 the progression of the disease declined. Spatial intensity indicated that the use of non-pasteurized dairy products in regions of the province over a period of six years, whether urban or rural areas were increased, the prevalence of brucellosis was also evident when consumed non-pasteurized dairy products in urban areas. Temporal intensity showed that consumption in June, July and August were increased and reached a maximum peak and the incidence of these months was higher than other months of the year. Keywords: Brucellosis, GIS, Spatial-temporal statistics, Zanjan

387

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Suspended Particles assessment at a children hospital at Mashhad 2018 Ali Sheybani1, Maryam Sarkhosh2, Leila Ghasemi3, Shiva Ghaderi Far4, Malihe Shariati5 1Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 5Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Suspended particles are made by some mechanical operations including shredding, breaking, eroding, and drilling. These Particles are perilous for sensitive people such as children and elders. In this study, the samples were collected and measured at different wards at Mashhad children hospital. A portable particle counter (AEROCET 531 model) was utilized for sample collecting. Samples were manipulated and monitored for particles with 0.5µ and 5µ size compared with ISO 14644. In the current study, We showed how much mass of suspended particles were present at children hospital, and these suspended particles are above the authorized standard by ISO 14644. Keywords: Suspended Particles, Hospital, Exposure time

388

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Evaluation the Environmental Health Status of Secondary High Schools in Sirjan in 2018 Abbas Dehdarirad 1, Asma Nazemi* 2, Mohadeseh Balvardi 3 , Majid Amiri 1 , Zhila Honarmandrad 1 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Instructor in Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran [email protected] 2*Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student in Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences Iran [email protected] 3Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, instructor in Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences. Sirjan, Iran, [email protected] 1 Department f Environmental Health Engineering, Instructor in Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran [email protected] 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Instructor in Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran zhila [email protected] * Corresponding author: Contact: 09139989055, Email: [email protected] Abstract Background and objectives: educational centers including schools are secure places which have much roles in human nurturing, providing healthy and vibrant life, and training people with appropriate behavior. In cases of failure health principles in schools, students are infected with parasitic diseases and diarrhea. The current study was carried out with the aim of determination of environmental health status in secondary period of public schools in Sirjan city in 2018. Method: This study was descriptive cross-sectional which was carried out in 2018. In this study the environmental health status of 26 to comply with environmental schools in secondary period were studied. Based on the environmental health regulations and modernizing and equipping criteria for the schools in Iran, a checklist contained 40 questions was prepared and filled after going to each school by the method of observation and interviewing of the authorities. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. Results: environmental health status of investigated schools from unfavorable conditions aspects were as follow: clean coat with bright color and without spot and tear 76.9 % in boys’ school and 53.8 % in girls’ school, control of insects and rodents 100% in all investigated schools, clean and safe conditions of wall and ceiling in health room 53.8% in girls’ school and 69.2% in boys’ school, sport saloon with the necessary conditions 15.4% in girls’ school and 7.7% in boys’ school, laboratories and work rooms with the necessary conditions in 61.5% of boys’ school. Two of girls’ schools and one of boy’s school did not have laboratory and work rooms. Nine of girls’ school and 12 of boys ‘schools did not have sport saloon. None of investigated schools did not have a place for keeping and distribution of milk. Man- Whithney test showed that there was no meaningful relation between personal health, equipment and school building between girl and boy schools. Conclusions: based on the results, some schools from environmental health status had deficiencies. In order to provide safety and health for students, more considerations regard to improvement and enhancement of health status in schools from related authorities are needed. Keywords: Environmental health, School health, Students, Sirjan city

389

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Disaster risk assessment in health centers of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in functional, non-structural and structural components in 2016 Zahra Nikkhah 1, Mohesn Hesami Arani 2, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari 3, Javad Salmani 1, Mohsen Fathi Moghadam1 , Norouz Mahmoudi 2,4* 1 Expert of Environmental Health, vice- chancellor for health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 PhD student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; [email protected] , [email protected] 3 Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; [email protected] 4 Health Research Center, Life style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Norouz Mahmoudi - [email protected] Abstract Reduction the risk of natural and man-made disasters at community level is considered as the most important target in the action plan of health response to disasters and emergencies, which can improve the social, economic and cultural developments in health system. This study was conducted to evaluate the risk assessment of urban health centers covered by Kashan University of Medical Sciences in functional, non-functional and structural dimensions in 2016. Data of this descriptive cross-sectional study were collected from 20 health centers of Kashan, based on the forms and checklists identifying risks threatening (functional preparedness assessment, structural and non- structural vulnerability assessment), direct referral, observation of the environment and documents. Safety level and its classification and occurrence of each type of hazard in centers were analyzed with Excel software. According to result based on the present research, the level of functional safety, the safety of structural, non-structural elements and total safety were found to be 16.17, 38.50, 50.87 and 37.75%, respectively. Also, vulnerability level and preparedness of centers in terms of geological, climatic, social, biological, man-made and total risks are 23.89, 35.42, 15.95, 33.89, 25.37 and 26.90 %, respectively. The disaster-safety level index was estimated to be the 4 from 10 levels. According to the results, preparedness of study centers in the disaster and events are far from ideal situation. The deficit, lack of coherent and efficient organization, low knowledge and awareness and the lack of use of specialist forces were the main reasons for this issue. Therefore, to increase readiness, administrators and upstream officials were required to take appropriate and applicable actions. Keywords: Disasters, Risk assessment, Safety, Preparedness.

390

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Rapid monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital air: potential sources for transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections Zahra Shamsizadeh*1, Mahnaz Nikaeen2, Seyed Hamed Mirhoseini3 1 Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Email address: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Zahra Shamsizadeh Abstract Nosocomial infections have become increasingly a major health concern in many healthcare settings. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as one of the most problematic hospital acquired pathogens around the world. Using a rapid detection method, this study was designed to investigate the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital air. Air samples were collected in different wards of four hospitals using an all-glass impinger and analyzed and analyzed for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a nested PCR assay using specific primer sets of the 16S rRNA gene region of the bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 29% (15/51) of air samples with the highest recovery in operating theatre and was not found in air samples from hospital D. Operating theatres and surgery ward were high-risk areas due to the greater presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in various hospitals revealed that hospital air could act as a potential source for transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections especially in operating theatres. These results emphasize the importance of early detection and implementation of strict control measures to prevent the spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital air. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Nosocomial infection; Hospital; Air; PCR

391

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Assessment of heavy metals pollution in soil surface of industrial areas of Zanjan province Masoud panahi fard 1,2, Nematollah Jaafarzadeh 2,3, Afshin Takdastan 4, Vajihe hasanzadeh 5, Poya Mohammadian Gravand 1, Kamran Tari 6* 1 PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, [email protected] 2 Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 3 Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, [email protected] 4 Associate professor of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Takdastan-a.ajums.ac.ir 5 Department of environmental health engineering, faculty of health, hormozgan university of medical sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran, [email protected] 6 PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Kamran tari, PhD Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Email: [email protected], Tel: +98918934130 Background and Purpose: Pollution of industrial activities is one of the important sources of contaminant entrance to soils around of industrial areas. These pollutants can penetrate the human food chain through food products and cause the risk to human health. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the heavy metals contamination in soils around industrial areas located in the eastern of Zanjan province. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study, investigated the concentration of heavy metals (mercury, lead, and cadmium) in the soil around of (Khoramdareh, Sharifabad, Nourin) industrial area in the spring 2018. In this study, twenty-one soil samples were collected in the depth of 5 cm by plastic shovel to determine heavy metals concentration, from 500 and 1000-meter distances the southern, northern, western and eastern parts of each of the industrial area and transferred to the laboratory for experimental tests. Results: The results of analysis of samples showed that in all studied regions, concentrations of mercury, lead and, cadmium in all samples were 7.3, 29, 0.02 mg / kg soil, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the soil around the industrial areas is contaminated with heavy metals. Although the concentration of this pollutants in the studied areas is not high, serious consideration should be given to planning to control the release of metals and other pollutants. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Soil, Industrial area, Zanjan

392

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

An assessment of environmental knowledge among the student of Khatam-ol-Anbia University of Technology in Behbahan Masoome bagheri1, Navid zamani2, mehrnaz hossienzehi3* 1Student Research committee, Committee, shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; masoome.bagheri72@gmail 2Department of Environment Student Faculty of Natural Resources, Karaj, Iran Sciences; [email protected] 3Student Research committee, Committee, shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: mehrnaz hossienzehi Abstract Environmental education is the most fundamental way of protecting the environment, which aims to find the best structure and methods for presenting the content. This action provides the basis for the promotion of environmental awareness at the community level. The statistical population of this study included all students of Khatam-al-Anbia University of Technology in Behbahan (1539 people). The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental knowledge of university students at Khatam-al-Anbia University of Behbahan. The Cochran formula was the number of subjects, the sample 307 size were considered that Use the available sampling method to select. The available Sampling was also used to select a sample from each field. According to results of this study, there is no difference between students' environmental knowledge of gender. In addition the results indicated that, increasing awareness and education of students in the environmental field, increases the environmental knowledge of students. Therefore, there is a meaningful relationship between the faculty of education and attitudes and environmental behaviors of the students. Keywords: environmental knowledge, Khatam-al-Anbia University, Behbahan

393

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Cancer Risk Assessment of Nitrate Exposure in Ardabil Drinking Water Maryam Moradnia1, Alireza Asgari2 1 Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Iran; [email protected] 2Center of solid waste research, Institute for environmental research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Alireza Asgari, Abstract Aim of study: Nitrate is one of the most important contaminant that is very important as public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the cancer risk assessment of nitrate exposure in Ardabil drinking water. Methodology: Nitrate concentrations in Ardabil drinking water supplies were obtained from peer- reviewed publications. Monte Carlo stimulations and mathematical models were used to determine the excess cancer risk. Risk level for assessing the carcinogen risk was 10‐5 (1 per 100000 persons). Results: Excess cancer risk related to the drinking water supplies of Ardabil were obtained 1×10-5 according to the nitrate concentration 57.62 mg/L. Ardabil city is in the higher excess cancer risk related to endogenous through drinking water. Conclusion: According to the obtained results Ardabil is exposed to additional cancer risk related to nitrosamine that formed by nitrate consumed through drinking water. Therefore some important activities should be considered to decrease nitrate concentration . Keywords: Cancer risk, Nitrate, Drinking water, Ardabil

394

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Presence of Legionella in Air Condition Systems of Qods Hospital of Qazvin City Maryam Moradnia1, Alireza Asgari2 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; [email protected] 2Center of solid waste research, Institute for environmental research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Alireza Asgari, Abstract Aim of study: Legionella as a hard-grow gram negative bacterium is responsible for Legionnaires' disease. It is a severe form of pneumonia and could be fatal. These bacteria can simply grow on air conditions and may causes epidemics. Due to its resistance to chlorine and other disinfectants this research aimed to recognize these bacteria in air conditions of Qods hospital in Qazvin. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 15 samples were collected from air conditions of Qods hospital. Samples were gathered from water tanks of air condition systems of hospitals and then transferred to the laboratory and concentrated prior to washing with acidic buffer. Samples were inoculated on to BCYE, BMPA and MWY media and incubated in 2.5% of CO2 and water. The plates were surveyed within three weeks. Data were analyzed via SPSS 19 software. Results: Of the 15 samples, %18.3 was found as Legionella contamination in air condition systems. The most prevalent bacteria were identified as Legionella pneumophila. Conclusion: In the air condition systems of Qods hospital the infection with this bacterium were observed which has serious consequence for sensitive patient in this hospital. Keywords: Hospital, Legionella, air condition systems

395

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Priority Pollutants in Aquatic Environments, their Sources and the Transmission Pathway Mahmood Alimohammadi 1, Salah Azizi 2 1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; ([email protected]) 2 Ph.D Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; ([email protected] ) *Corresponding author: Salah Azizi Abstract Background and Objectives: A list of priority pollutants under clean water law reform has been developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency, which includes 126 key water pollutants and is regularly updated with changes to the rules and regulations. Considering the extensive studies carried out in different parts of the country, the necessity of collecting data from these studies is necessary in order to know the general condition of these pollutants. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of hazardous pollutants in aquatic environments, the concentration of each of these pollutants in surface waters, as well as the major sources of their release and their transmission chain from the environment to humans based on research. Method: In this review study, according to the objectives of the study, research was conducted to identify these pollutants in aquatic environments and sources of their publication in authentic databases. Finally, the main sources of the release of some important pollutants in this list and their routes of transmission to living organisms were examined. Results: Studies have shown that in many countries, according to studies, priority compounds have been identified in significant amounts in various sources of water. Also, according to studies conducted in the country for some of these compounds, including heavy metals, the values identified in these studies are significant. For example, for arsenic, many studies in water and soil have exceeded the maximum acceptable levels (10 μg/l) for drinking water. Conclusion: In general, the sources and routes of exposure to various compounds of different priority pollutants are different in different regions depending on the conditions of these regions, but for most of these compounds, the main route of exposure is from food sources. Keywords: Aquatic Environments, Priority Pollutants, Sources, Transmission Pathway

396

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Analysis of Effects of Education on Awareness, Attitude and Performance of women's hairdressers of Mashhad in relation to Infection Control in 2018 Hanieh mortazavi 1, Zahra esmaili 2,Maryam sarkhosh3,*

1 Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Email address: ([email protected])

2Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Email address: ([email protected])

3,*Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Email address:([email protected])

Abstract

Aim of study: AIDS as a newly-emerged viral disease, and hepatitis as one of the 5 major causes of early human mortalities impose huge expenses worldwide. As a public place, a women's hairdressers may serve as an excellent place for transfer of various diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis B & C, bacterial and viral infections, fungal infections and skin diseases. our main goal of this study was to analyze the effects of education on awareness, attitudes and performance of women's hairdressers in district 7 of Mashhad in 2018 in terms of infection control measures (HBV, HCV, HIV) before and after face to face education.

Methodology: This study was of descriptive-cross sectional type. Based on random cluster sampling, 45 women's hairdressers were selected and their staff were interviewed in terms of infection control both before and after a training period. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS16 software.

Results: : A total of 37 interviewees (82.2%) were employers, while 24 (53.3%) had medium academic studies. Mean age score of the interviewees was 31.71%. Their mean score for awareness of principles of infection control was 5.7111 (out of 13) before the training, and 8.6889 after the training, which was a significant difference. Mean score of attitudes on principles of infection control was 43.6444 (out of 65) before training, which raised significantly to 48.6444 after training. Also, mean of their scores for performance of infection control measures was 8.0444 (out of 13) before, that raised significantly to 5.2667 after the training program.

Conclusion: This study served to demonstrate that the levels of awareness of beauty and makeup staff of methods of disinfection of their tools and of transferrable diseases in their workplace were not desirable, and

397

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

that there was urgent need for training by health inspectors and holding of educational and training programs for all personnel of women's hairdressers in terms of infection control.

Keywords: women`s hairdressers, infection control ,education, Mashhad

398

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Study of UptiBlue compound as an indicator for cell viability assessment Mohammad Reza Zare1, Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian1, Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh1, 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran. *Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Reza Zare, Email: [email protected], Tel: +987152518346 Abstract UptiBlue is a oxidized non-fluorescent dye that is reduced to the highly fluorescent, pink-colored resorufin. In this study UptiBlue was used to evaluate the toxicity of metal plating wastewaters on sequence batch reactor (SBR) bacteria. For confirming the robustness, reproducibility, and efficiency of the optimised method, it was compared with the standard colony count protocol and oxygen consumption method. The influence of pH on the UptiBlue reduction was examined over a pH range of 1.0 to 13.0. The optimum pH for UptiBlue bioassay using SBR bacteria was 6.5-7. The correlation between the reduction of UptiBlue by SBR bacteria and their oxygen consumption coefficient was 0.945. According to our optimised bioassay, UptiBlue was rapidly reduced by active SBR bacteria. This protocol successfully assessed the toxicity of metal plating wastewaters. As most of the wastewater treatment plants are inefficient for elimination of toxic effect of metals, it is desirable to use bioassays that can determine the toxicity of such pollutants. We simplified and optimized such an assay that can be manipulated for real metal plating wastewater samples. Keywords: Bioassay, UptiBlue, Dehydrogenase enzyme activity, Heavy metals, Toxicity

399

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

National and subnational mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to 17 occupational risk factors in Iran, 1990- 2015 Mehrnoosh Abtahi1, Reza Saeedi2,*, Sina Dobaradaran3,4,5, Reza Gholamniab 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 2Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 3The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 5Systems Environmental Health, Oil, Gas and Energy Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Email address: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Tel: (+98 21) 22432040; Fax: (+98 21) 22432040; Email address: [email protected] (Reza Saeedi) Abstract We estimated age-sex specific and cause-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to 17 individual occupational risks in Iran at the national and subnational levels in 1990- 2015 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015). The burden of disease attributable to occupational risk factors was calculated using the comparative risk assessment methodology based on 10 outcomes and 21 risk-outcome pairs. The temporal changes in the attributable burden of disease were decomposed into the contribution of population growth, population ageing, risk-deleted DALY rate, and risk exposure. National DALYs attributable to occupational risks at the national level in 1990, 2005, and 2015 were 138,210 (95% uncertainty interval 64,429-223,028), 193,243 (91,645-310,281), and 228,310 (106,782-371,709), respectively indicating a total increase of 65% (65-67) during the study period. Between 1990 and 2015, the share of the attributable DALYs for women rose by 55% (51-58) from 13 (12-14) to 20% (19-21). The proportion of YLLs in national DALYs attributable to occupational risks during the study period slightly decreased from 24% in 1990 to 23% in 2015. The five occupational risks with the highest contributions in the national attributable DALYs in 2015 were ergonomic factors (107,490), noise (52,122), exposure to particulate matter, gases, and fumes (26,847), asthmagens (19,347), and exposure to asbestos (7,842). From 1990 to 2015, the increase in total DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens (112%) was higher than that for other occupational risks. During the study period, changes in risk deleted DALY rate and risk exposure led to decreases in total DALYs attributable to occupational risks by 14 and 30%, respectively. Based on the Gini coefficient, spatial

400

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

inequality in DALY rate attributable to occupational risks at the provincial level decreased during 1990-2015. A comprehensive plan for management of exposure to occupational risks, especially occupational carcinogens can cause an important effect for control of the increasing trend of occupational health losses. Keywords: Occupational diseases; Relative risk; Risk exposure; Summary exposure value; Spatial inequality

401

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Age-sex specific and sequela-specific disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to dental caries preventable through water fluoridation: An assessment at the national and subnational levels in Iran, 2016 Reza Saeedi1, Mehrnoosh Abtahi2,*, Ali Koolivand3, Shokooh Sadat Khaloo4 1Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 4Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Email address: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Tel: (+98 21) 22432040; Fax: (+98 21) 22432040; Email address: [email protected] (Mehrnoosh Abtahi) Abstract We assessed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to dental caries preventable through water fluoridation apportioned by sex, age group, sequela, province, and community type in Iran, 2016. The burden of disease due to dental caries was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016) and the caries preventive effect of water fluoridation was calculated using a database of fluoride levels in drinking water. All the preventable DALYs were caused by years lived with disability (YLDs) because of the non-fatal character of dental caries. DALYs and DALY rate (per 100,000 people) preventable through water fluoridation at the national level in 2016 were 14971 (95% uncertainty interval 7348 to 24725) and 18.73 (9.19 to 30.93), respectively. The national population preventable fraction (PPF) of dental caries by water fluoridation was determined to be as high as 0.176 (0.141 to 0.189). The share of sequelae in the preventable DALYs at the national level were estimated to be 76.8% for edentulism and severe tooth loss, 21.4% for caries of permanent teeth, and 1.8% for caries of deciduous teeth. The national DALYs and DALY rate preventable through water fluoridation exhibited no difference by sex, but considerably increased by age from 110 (37 to 223) and 1.5 (0.5 to 3.1) for the age group 0-4 y to 4331 (2334 to 6579) and 88.9 (47.9 to 135.1) for the age group 65 years and older, respectively. Over 80% of the national preventable DALYs occurred in urban areas due to higher population and lower coverage of fluoridated drinking water. The highest provincial DALYs and DALY rate preventable by water fluoridation were observed in Tehran and Gilan to be 3776 (1866 to 6206) and 37.2 (18.6 to 60.8), respectively. The results indicated that water fluoridation can play a profound role in the promotion of dental public health and compensate the spatial inequality and increasing temporal trend of health losses from dental caries at the national level.

402

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Keywords: Avoidable burden of disease; Fluoride level; Oral conditions; Protective factor; Spatial variation

403

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Assessment of environmental health status in dormitories of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016 Maryam Paydar1, aliakbar Dehghan 2, Elham Rezaei-Rad, Ryhaneh Feizi, Ayda Pezeshkian3, 1 Environmental health specialist, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, faculty Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 2 Assistant Professor, Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Health Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; [email protected] 3BS. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Abstract Dorm as one of the university's facilities is a place where students in the majority of cases spend their time studying individually or collectively. Students are considered to be one of the major society due to their important role in running the country. The health and health issues of student dormitories are among the priorities that must be taken into account seriously because inappropriate conditions for dormitories due to social life can be the source and cause of illness and cause all-round personal, social and psychological conflict. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental health conditions of dormitories of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in fall and winter of 2016. To determine the health condition of these dormitories by library study, a survey of previous studies and returning to health centers in Mashhad and surrounding cities was carried out. An evaluation form including 67 questions about environmental health indices of dormitories was designed. The questionnaires were completed through observation and attendance, then the data were collected in this study. Next, the data analyzed by SPSSv19. the results showed that most dormitories received more than 80 percent of the room rates and 70 percent of the bathroom and kitchen score and 78 percent of the toiletries score. The B4 dormitory also has the best environmental health status than other dormitories. B4 dormitory has the best environmental condition. Conclusion: In general, dormitories of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences did not have ideal conditions due to the age of the buildings. However, they have relatively good environmental health factors and girls 'dormitories are in a better condition than boys' dorms Keywords: Student dormitory, Environmental Health, Health status

404

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Removal Efficiency of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Benzo(a)pyrene Using UV/ZnO Process From Aqueous Solutions Mahsa Kianizadeh 1, Abdolmajid Fadaei2, Parisa Kianizadeh3 1 Mahsa Kianizadeh, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; [email protected] 2 Abdolmajid Fadaei, Assistant Professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; [email protected] 3 Parisa Kianizadeh, BSc Student of Environmental Health Engineering; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Abdolmajid Fadaei Abstract Background and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds, consist of two or more benzene ring as well as due to low solubility and viable pollutants in the environment, are in the category of Organic Pollutants Persistent (POPs). The most hazardous compound of this category is benzo[a]pyrene which the carcinogenicity has been approved by the World Health Organization. In this study benzo[a]pyrene decomposition with UV/ZnO process and treatment of optimal condition was studied by experimental design.

Method: In this experimental study the effects of initial concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 mg/l), radiation time (5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 min), nanoparticle dose (0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.3 and 1.7 g/l) and pH (3, 5, 9, 7 and 11) were investigated. Of 31 samples were determined using a central composite design. Radiation source was a medium-pressure mercury lamp 125 w that was placed on top of the container. The number of samples were determined using the design of the Central Composite Design. Benzo[a]pyrene was extracted from the samples using SPE by Acetonitrile. The concentration of benzo[a]pyrene was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device equipped with column C18. Data were analyzed using the Design Expert software.

Results: In this study the effects of benzo concentration, pH, contact time and ZNO concentration were studied. Optimum removal conditions at 3.5 mg/l benzo[a]pyrene, 1.5 g/l nanoparticles, pH=4 and radiation time of 45 minutes were obtained 76%.

Conclusion: According to the obtained results UV/ZnO process is an effective procedure in order to the remove the benzo[a]pyrene from the aquatic solutions and this process can be done on a large scale by optimizing the effective operational factors.

405

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Keywords: Benzo[a]pyrene, Solid Phase Extraction, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

406

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of the Total Polar Compounds (TPM) Determination in the Oils of Restaurants and Kitchens in Behshahr City in 2017 Zabihollah yousefi1, Mehdi Karimbakhsh*2 1- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health; E-mail:[email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 2- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, BSc on Environmental Health Engineering , *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Background: Frying is one of the most popular and oldest ways of food cooking. Intensive heating treatment can probably lead to many destructive chemical reactions, endangering consumer’s health. Frequent use of frying oil would increase producing of Total Polar Compounds (TPM) that is undesirable materials for consumer health. Therefore determining time of frying oil is important .TPM is a useful chemical index in order to determine the quality of frying oils that was the objective of this study. Method: In this research, a selective sampling method was used from all restaurants and central cafes of Behshahr. TPM measured by using the TPM sensor and according to the manufacturer's instructions. In addition, the necessary information in this research firstly collected by interviewing, measuring and completing relevant checklist and then analyzed using EXCEl 2010 software. Results: The results showed that the qualitative oil content of the Total Polar Compounds (TPM), 41% were optimal cases, 7% of cases was safe, 3% of cases was at risk and in 49% of cases were dangerous. Conclusion: Based on this study, TPM parameter had a significant relationship with oil temperature, time of using oil and oil type, but there was no significant relationship with site and oil marking parameters. According to the results of the research, it can be recommend that animal oils (traditional butter) should not be used in frying processes (whether deep or deep-frying) because they increase the TPM. Keywords: Frying oil, Total polar compounds, Behshahr

407

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Determination of Total Polar Compounds (TPM) in Fast food Centers in Behshahr City in 2017 Zabihollah yousefi1, Zeinalabedin Mostaufi *2 1- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health; E-mail:[email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 2- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, BSc on Environmental Health Engineering , *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Background: During the frying food process, a wide range of chemical reactions leads to the formation of molecules with high polarity compounds. Therefore, the determination of Total Polar Compounds (TPCs) is one of the most reliable methods for assessing the quality of oil during frying, which is the purpose of this study. Method: In this research, using a selective sampling, all caterpillars (sandwiches, falafel and pizzas) were selected from Behshahr city. One sample was taken from each center during the study (in this study), given the low number of caterpillars and ease of access, all centers selected as statistical community. TPM measurements performed by using TESTO2017, made in Germany. An inverted thermometer used to measure oil temperature. Finally, after completing the checklist, the collected data analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS software. In addition, field and library practices with a checklist used to gather information. Results: According to the results of this research, the type of oil used in all of these centers was fried oil. The results of inferential analysis showed that the quality of oil in the deliberate use of the total polar Compounds (TPM), in 58% of cases was desirable, in 16% of cases without danger, in 5% of the cases at risk and in 20% of cases were hazardous. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, there is a significant relationship with the amount of TPM oil and type of site as well as, there is no relationship with the amount of TPM oil and the parameters of oil temperature, oil use time and oil brand. Keywords: Total Polar Compounds , Frying Oil , Fast food centers, Behshahr

408

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Total Polar compounds index in the Restaurants and Central Kitchen in Sari in 2017 Zabihollah yousefi1, Babak Raeisi *2 1- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health; E-mail:[email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 2- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, BSc on Environmental Health Engineering , *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Background: Frying oils are used frequently and in longer periods in industrial and commercial units, in spite of household use, which is typically discarded after one or two times. In this study, quality of oil during frying evaluated with measurement of Total Polar compounds index in the Restaurants and Central Kitchen in Sari in 2017. Method: The present study was a descriptive-analytic. In this study, 100 oil samples of existing and cooked foods were tested and evaluated. According to the statistics from Sari Health Environment Department, the number of central kitchen and restaurant units is 56 units. This study was carried out during the autumn and winter seasons, and samples were taken at midnight and near midnight (ie near the lunch and dinner). Sampling method was according to standard number 493 for sampling of edible oils and fats. TPM measurements performed by using TESTO2017, made in Germany. Results: With 95% confidence, there is a significant relationship between the two variables, i.e. amount of TPM and the oil temperature. In addition, the results showed that with 95% confidence, there is a significant relationship between the TPM value and the time of use. Moreover, there is a correlation between the amount of TPM and the frequency of use. There is a relationship between the amount of TPM and the type of used oil. The collected Data were analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS software. Conclusion: Based on this research, monitoring of TPM in frying oil in Fast food centers, central kitchen and restaurants is necessary for health inspectors. In addition, self-evaluation of TPM in frying oil by the owners is desirable. Keywords: Total Polar Compounds, Frying Oil, Restaurants, Central Kitchen, Sari

409

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Total Polar compounds (TPM) index in the Food Shops (Sandwich, pizza and Falafel) in sari in 2017 Zabihollah yousefi1, Ahmad Razavi Nava *2 1- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health; E-mail:[email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 2- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, BSc on Environmental Health Engineering , *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Background: One of the processes that affects the type of fatty acid structure is the frying and heating process, which causes changes in fatty acids and leads to the production of harmful components. The numerical value of the total polar solids, which is a very good parameter for assessing the amount of oxidation of the oil by heat. The aim of this study was to determine total polar compounds (TPM) in food shops (Sandwich, Pizza and Falafel) in Sari in 2017. Method: The population studied in this study were all active food stores (sandwich, falafel, and pizzeria) in Sari, The present study was a descriptive-analytic. In this study, 100 oil samples of existing and cooked foods were tested and evaluated. According to the statistics from Sari Health Environment Department, the number of central kitchen and restaurant units is 56 units. This study was carried out during the autumn and winter seasons, and samples were taken at midnight and near midnight (ie near the lunch and dinner). Sampling method was according to standard number 493 for sampling of edible oils and fats. TPM measurements performed by using TESTO2017, made in Germany. Results: The obtained results were based on 42 percent of one-day oil use and 37 percent of a two- day oil, 6 percent of three-fold oil and 15 percent of 4-day-old oil for cooking used. According to the results of this research there was a significant relationship between TPM and the oil temperature, time of use, frequency of use and type of oil used. Collected data were analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS software. Conclusion: The best way to cook is to steam, so we recommend that you use less of the dishes or minimize the amount of frying as much as possible and make a short drying. Keywords: Total Polar Compounds, Frying Oil, Food Shops, Sari, 2017

410

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Investigation of Total Polar Compounds (TPM) Determination of Oils in Restaurants and Central Kitchens of Neka City in 2017 Zabihollah yousefi1, Ali Hassan pour kohsari *2 1- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health; E-mail:[email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 2- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, BSc on Environmental Health Engineering , *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Background: Frying oils are used more often and in longer periods in commercial and industrial units, in spite of household use, which is normally discarded after one or two times. One of the most common methods for cooking is food that generates harmful products while affecting the stability of the oil, which is the goal of this study. Method: According to the latest statistics, the Environmental Health covered units has 7 restaurants and 17 central shopping centers in the urban area. The amount of peroxide measured by ATAGO Oil Tester and analyzed in Excel software 2017. Results: Findings obtained from food centers, indicated the lowest range was TPM 4.5 and the highest was 41. Maximum recommended Peroxide value is 24. Of the 48 measurements, 34 were of preferred peroxide oils, three were risk-free, five were at risk and six were hazardous. According to the project, 71% of the optimal 6% risk assessment, 10% at risk and 13% were very dangerous. Conclusion: High peroxide oil measurements is due to several reasons such as high temperature, frequency and frequency of use of fried oil as well as non-observance of the temperature chain. The TPM has a direct relationship with frying time. It also increases with increasing temperature, which is a factor in increasing the amount of peroxide. Keywords: TPM, Frying oils, Kitchen, Restaurants, Neka

411

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Bed Bug: Features, Identification and methods to combat it as a global pest Vahid Derakhsh Ahmadi* *Department of Entomology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran; Email: [email protected] Abstract Some distances from the past have been taken into account because of the disturbance to humans and other living organisms. These creatures provide a lot of disturbance to humans with their stings and bites. Sometimes sting and stinging cause irritation and severe allergies. The transmission of pathogens by various methods and by insects and arthropods and the creation of large epidemics has endangered the lives of thousands of people and has caused many deaths. This is why identification of biological, behavioral and ecological characteristics, especially their breeding grounds or habitats, is essential for control. Bed beds are generally disturbing creatures that are not important for the transmission of the disease. Both males and females are bloodthirsty at all stages of their life, and are active at night, causing irritation and itching in the blood when they release saliva. During the day, when there is no blood in the body, the nymphs and the elderly are hidden in dark and dry places such as gaps and seams of wooden home, walls, ceilings, wooden floor tiles, wallpapers, between mattresses and beds. An effective way of fighting with a bed bucket is two stages of spraying with effective toxins (chemical), within 14 days, including the removal of highly contaminated (physical) equipment. Keywords: Bed Bug, Pest Control, Spraying

412

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Application of plant essential oils in pest management is a necessity of the world in eliminating environmental pollutants

Vahid Derakhsh Ahmadi *

*Department of Entomology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Email:[email protected]

Abstract Integrated pest management implies a pest system for monitoring and pest control for a pest control program. The main objective of this method of fighting, while minimizing the use of insecticides, is to reduce the population of pests to an acceptable level without having side effects in the environment. Since the essential oils, unlike chemical pesticides made of a single substance, are a mixture of several compounds, it is possible that the insect pest resistance is very low, which is itself considered an advantage of the use of plant essential oils in the pest management program. The use of plant essential oils in the management of pest management has led to the lack of frequent and persistent use of chemical pesticides, which can not only help to eliminate the high costs of the production of pesticides, but also play a significant role in controlling and eliminating some of the chemical pollutants The environment will be.

Keywords: Herbal Essences, Toxins, Control, Integrated Pest Management

413

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Status of Environmental Health Index Evaluation in the sterilization centers of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, 2017 Tavallaei Shabnam1 ,Safavi Safoora2 ,shabani hosein3 1Environmental health Expert,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences;[email protected] 2Environmental health Expert, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences;[email protected] 3Environmental health Technician, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences;[email protected] Abstract Background and Goal: In order to reduce hospital infections, it is very important to observe the Environmental Health Index (EHI). Since EHI in hospital has a critical and important role in reducing hospital infections, this study focused on status of EHI in the sterilization centers of Imam Reza Hospital. Material and Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during March, 2017 to March 2018. Target population includes the sterilization centers of Imam Reza Hospital in 5 centers (women, burn, ears, nose, central and heart surgery). A health check-up checklist was used to collect data by interviewing and observation method. The checklist consists of 59 questions and designed in 6 sections of the Physical Standard, Facilities and Equipment, Principles and Regulations health, Safety principles, Workflow and Control of Sterilization Procedures. Data analysis was performed by appropriate software and descriptive statistics. Result:The results of this study showed that the ultimate environmental health index was 54.31% in women's sterilization centers, 52.96% in burns, 53.18% in the ear and nose and 53.18% in the heart surgery, 76.58% in the new building and 78.44% in the central . Conclusion: Among those centers, the Sterilization Center of the Burning Department has the highest environmental health index and central sterilization centers and heart surgery have the lowest index. Key words: Environmental Health Index, Sterilization Centers, Imam Reza Hospital

414

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Effects of Palladium on Growth Rate and Active Oxygen Radicals (ROS) Production in Chlorella Vulgaris Algae Mohammad Reza Mehrasbi 1*, Parvin Fathi 2, Mir-Jamal Hosseni3, , Golamreza Sadeghi4

1- Associate Professor of Environmental Health, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences(ZUMS), Zanjan , Iran. ([email protected] ) 2- employee of Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran ([email protected] ) 3. Associate Professor of Toxicology / Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences(ZUMS), Zanjan , Iran. ([email protected]) 4. Assistant Professor of Environmental Health, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences(ZUMS), Zanjan , Iran.( [email protected])

Abstract Background and Objectives: Human activities have increased the level of peripheral palladium (Pd) around the world. Recent studies have clearly shown that Pd concentration has increased over time. Recent studies on Pd toxicity, its environmental bioavailability, and its concentrations in biologically relevant media, suggest that chronic environmental exposure to this metal, may endanger health. With increasing evidence of its toxicity, Pd contamination is a concern. The toxicity of this metal for aquatic organisms has not well been established. The number of the studies undertaken in this field are not considerable. Consequently, the increasing need for evaluating the biological effects of this metal is inevitable.Algae with a short growth cycle, separation capability for cultivation, and high sensitivity to toxic agent are among the most important species to assess biological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pd with various concentrations (50-200 μg/L) on the growth and change of reactive oxygen species in Chlorella algae. Method: Chlorella cells with relative density (1×105 cells/ml) and different concentrations of Palladium chloride, were added to the culture medium. The number of algae was counted daily and the intracellular ROS formation was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometer. Results: Applied Pd concentrations during 72 hours significantly reduced algal growth (P <0.05) and had toxic effect, while in the concentration of 100 μg /l, algal growth decreased by half. Also, in the presence of Palladium chloride, the intracellular ROS level significantly increased compared to the control groups (p <0.05).

415

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Conclusion: It seems that Pd has an oxidative stress effect on chlorella alge. This effect could be observed by decreasing algal relative growth, constant growth ratio and increase in intracellular ROS formation. Keywords: Palladium, Toxicity, Chlorella Algae, ROS

416

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Implementation of Zanjan Water Safety plan - Water Resources Ali mohammad Naderkhani 1, Kobra Atrak 1*, Javad Mohammadi 1 , Saeid Yousefi1, Seyyed Hossein Hosseinirad1, Jalil Nasiri2 1, Zanjan Urban Water and Waste Water Company, Email address [email protected] address 2 Zanjan university of medical sciences Abstract Access to safe drinking water is an important issue at national, regional and local levels. According to recent estimates, one-sixth of humans do not have access to sanitation and safe drinking water. The prevalence of waterborne diseases is growing in both less developed and advanced countries, leading to death and a variety of diseases. The aims of the water safety plan is to ensure the continuous supply of safe water to consumers. Water Safety plan is a comprehensive and systematic tool based on risk management that identifies and prioritizes the potential of water quality threats from catchment to consumer. In this study, a water safety plan was implemented for Zanjan water supply wells..

Keywords: Water Safety Plan, water well, Risk management

417

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

ATWS Severe Accident Analysis in the Loss of Flow Scenario Using the MELCOR Code in Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant Janbazi, Farshid*1, Rezaie , Mohammad reza 2 1 Department of Nuclear Engineering, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advance Technology; [email protected] 2 Department of Nuclear Engineering, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advance Technology; [email protected] Abstract The analysis of the nuclear power plant accidents and consequently review of the proper functioning of safety systems is of paramount importance. In this study, using modeling of VVER -1000 Bushehr reactor by MELCOR 1.8.6 code, was analysied the severe accident anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) in the Loss of flow scenario. The scenario sequence schedules for each event and the modalities of the change in the parameters of the accident in the results of this code have been investigated and evaluated. Parameters such as temperature and pressure change in the primary and secondary circuit. The temperature changes the fuel and the clad to reach the melting temperature. Using MELCOR result, the time to reach the melting point of the core and the pressure vessel, the rate of hydrogen production, and the pouring of molten material into the reactor cavity has been achieved. This information are useful and efficient to manage the ATWS accident reactor control. Also this results can be used for the assessment of the bushehr nuclear power plant and construction status nuclear power plants. The results indicate that beacuce of this accident, the pressure and temperature as thermohydraulic parameters pass through the permissible limit. In the absence of an accident control, will occur the melting of the core that is an environmental accident. Keywords: VVER-1000 Reactor, MELCOR, severe accident anticipated transients without scram (ATWS), Loss of flow, Melting core

418

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Endocrine disrupting compounds: a threat to health and the environment Mahrokh Forghani1, Gholamreza Sadeghi2*, Mazyar Peyda3

1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,[email protected] 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, Zanjan, Iran, [email protected] 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, [email protected] *Corresponding Author: Gholamreza Sadeghi, Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Abstract Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as active biological compounds can pose a threat to the environment through acute and chronic toxicity in organisms, accumulation in the ecosystem, and loss of habitats and biodiversity. They also have a range of possible adverse effects on environmental and ecological health. Estradiol, as one of the natural estrogenic hormones released by the humans and livestock, may exert endocrine-disrupting effects on the ng/l range and cause serious problems for the aquatic organisms and animals in many aquatic systems Various studies have reported the presence of synthetic estrogens such as 17 alpha- ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and natural estrogens including 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in wastewater sludge, surface water, river bed sediment, and also digested and activated sludge. The aim of the present study was to review and evaluate the endocrine disrupting compounds especially 17 beta-estradiol, as a representative of estrogen hormones present in the environment and their disturbing effects on humans and wildlife.

Keywords: Endocrine-disrupting compounds, 17 beta-estradiol, Health effects

419

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Health impact assessment of exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in Qazvin city, Iran using AIRQ plus model Fateme Dehghan Bonadaki1, Razie-sadat Hajmir Mohammad Ali2, Reza Ahadi3, Hamid Karyab4 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Email address: [email protected] 4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Email address: [email protected] *Corresponding author: Hamid Karyab Abstract Introduction: Exposure to air pollutants causes significant chronic and acute health effects in humans and is considered as one of the main health challenges due to population growth and urbanization. It has been proven that particulate matters and nitrogen dioxide in ambient air can cause significant health effects, including mortality in long and short-term exposure. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the health effects of exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 in Qazvin city.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, the annually mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 obtained from the Department of Health of the studied cities. After data validation, the statistical indices were calculated with Excel software and the data entered into AIRQ plus software, and the results of the model for each pollutant were presented in the form of mortality, morbidity, relative risk, and respiratory diseases.

Results: The mean annual concentration of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 in ambient air was 23.12, 38.77 and 33.59 3 μg/m , respectively. The total mortalities associated with PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were estimated 248, 16 and 89, respectively. In addition, the relative risk of the death due to exposure to these pollutants was obtained 1.117(1.04-1.189), 1.041(1.019-1.064), and 1.06(1.04-1.083).

Discussion: Regarding the health effects of exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 in ambient air of Qazvin, it is necessary to identify and control the sources of emissions of these pollutants and to develop air pollution reduction programs.

Keywords: AirQ model, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, Qazvin city

420

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Different cigarette butt brands discharge different arsenic content Nafiseh Mansouri1, Afshin Ebrahimi2* 1Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Email: [email protected] 2Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Email: [email protected]. *Corresponding author: Afshin Ebrahimi Environment Research Center, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, HezarJerib Ave., Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, Isfahan 81676-36954, Iran. Tel.: +98 31 3792 3280; Fax: +98 31 3669 5849; E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract

The aim of this study was to detect the concentration of abandoned arsenic into water from different brands of cigarette butts. Ten cigarette butts of 5 Iranian cigarette brands were plunged into individual 100 milliliters of distilled water for ten days. Arsenic was detected in all leachate of brands but not with similar quantities. The concentrations were in following order: Vinston< Bahman< Kent, Montana, Magna. Based on this study, cigarette butt plays an important role in the environmental pollution and its importance should not be ignored in terms of arsenic potential.

Keywords: Environmental pollution, Cigarette butt, Arsenic

421

“The 3rd International and 21st national Conference on environmental Health” February 26-28, 2019 Zanjan, Iran

Comparative study of water quality indices in swimming pools in Zanjan province in 2018 , H. Afshari *, S. Moghanlo1 , M. Ghadimi2, J. Nasiri3 *Corresponding author: BSC. Of Environmental Health, Health center of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (email:[email protected])

1 , MSC. Student of Environmental Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

2 MSC. Of Environmental Health, Health center of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences

3 MSC. of Environmental Health, Deputy of Health of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

Abstract

Background & Objectives: The importance of sanitary water in swimming pools is related to the microbial and chemical quality of water. The entry of small amounts of pathogenic bacteria by swimmers has the potential for infection. Pool water in case of contact with the human body or accidental ingestion causes the transmission of the disease to humans. Among the diseases which can be transmitted, the symptoms of typhoid fever, dysentery, trachoma, lipoptosis, ringworm and other skin infections, schistosomiarysis, itching of swimmers, respiratory diseases such as sinus infection and ear infections were mentioned. In this research, the microbiological and physicochemical properties of the water in Zanjan province's swimming pools were evaluated and the results were compared with the national standards of Iran, WHO and EEC.

Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on the basis of cross-sectional method during 2017-2018 from 20 active swimming pools in Zanjan province, 240 samples of water were collected every month for 1 year. Residual chlorine parameters, pH and plate count of heterotroph bacteria, total calorie coliform were analyzed according to the existing standards.

Results: The results of microbial sampling of swimming pools showed that chlorination indices, pH, microbial (total caloriferous and microbial) (HPC) plate count were 54.9, 84.1, 95.6 and 100% at optimal condition.

Conclusion: The results showed that the microbial and physicochemical properties of water in the swimming pools of Zanjan province were acceptable and the percentage of free residual chlorine was more pronounced than the samples taken from the pool jacuzzis, which seems to be due to the high water temperature, and the highest microbial contamination is due to coliform bacteria, which is more related to the proper management of the systems of purification and disinfection of pools, which should be given more attention by the technical authorities of the pool.

Keywords: Water quality, Swimming pools, Zanjan

422