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Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from a High Mountain Forest in Tamaulipas and New Generic Records for Mexico

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Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from a High Mountain Forest in Tamaulipas and New Generic Records for Mexico ISSN 2007-3380 REVISTA BIO CIENCIAS http://revistabiociencias.uan.edu.mx https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.05.nesp.e421 Original Article/Artículo Original Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from a high mountain forest in Tamaulipas and new generic records for Mexico Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) en un bosque de alta montaña en Tamaulipas y nuevos registros de géneros para México Alvarez-Cabrera, G. M.1, Ruíz-Cancino, E.1*, Coronado-Blanco, J.M.1, Treviño-Carreón, J.1, Khalaim, A.I.1,2. 1Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Centro Universitario Adolfo López Mateos, C.P. 87149, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. 2Instituto Zoológico, Academia de Ciencias de Rusia, 199034 San Petersburgo, Rusia. Cite this paper/Como citar este artículo: Alvarez-Cabrera, G. M., Ruíz-Cancino, E., Coronado-Blanco, J.M., Treviño-Carreón, J., Khalaim, A.I. (2018). Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from a high mountain forest in Tamaulipas and new generic records for Mexico. Revista Bio Ciencias 5(nesp1), e421. doi: https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.05.nesp.e421 A B S T R A C T R E S U M E N Parasitoid wasps of the family Las avispas parasitoides de la familia Ichneumonidae form one of the largest groups of Ichneumonidae forman uno de los grupos más grandes insects in the order Hymenoptera, some species are de insectos del orden Hymenoptera, algunas especies important agents of biological control of agricultural son agentes de control biológico de plagas agrícolas o or forest pests, other are bioindicators and some are forestales, otras bioindicadoras y algunas polinizadoras. Los pollinators. The objective of this research was to know objetivos de esta investigación fueron conocer la riqueza, the richness, diversity and equity of the ichneumonids diversidad y equidad de los icneumónidos colectados en collected in one high mountain forest in Miquihuana, un bosque de alta montaña en Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Ichneumonids were collected México. Se colectaron icneumónidos desde agosto de 2011 from August 2011 to August 2012 in a Malaise trap hasta agosto de 2012 con una trampa Malaise instalada en installed in one Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. forest with a un bosque de Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. y un chaparral dense chaparral of Quercus miquihuanensis Nixon and denso de Quercus miquihuanensis Nixon y Muller a Muller at 2,550 masl. Thirteen subfamilies, 63 genera 2,550 msnm. Se encontraron 13 subfamilias, 63 géneros and 133 species were found. There is high species y 133 especies. Existe alta riqueza, pero baja diversidad richness but low diversity of species. Ten genera are de especies. Diez géneros son nuevos registros para México: Aclastus Föerster, Arotrephes Townes, Distathma Townes, Gnypetomorpha Föerster, Pleurogyrus Townes, Article Info/Información del artículo Lysibia Föerster, Stiboscopus Föerster y Tricholinum Received/Recibido: December 19th 2017. Föerster de Cryptinae, además Deleboea Cameron Accepted/Aceptado: May 18th 2018. de Banchinae y Lethades Davis de Ctenopelmatinae. Available on line/Publicado: October 16th 2018. *Corresponding Author: Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique.Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro Universitario Adolfo López Mateos, C.P. 87149, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. Phone: +52(834) 31 8 18 00. E-mail: [email protected] Revista Bio Ciencias 5(nesp1), e421. 1 high mountain Ichneumonidae/Ichneumonidae de alta montaña new records for Mexico: Aclastus Foerster, Arotrephes Para el Estado de Tamaulipas, México, 16 géneros son Townes, Distathma Townes, Gnypetomorpha Foerster, nuevos registros, incluyendo los 10 anteriores, además de Pleurogyrus Townes, Lysibia Foerster, Stiboscopus Mnioes Townes (Banchinae), Amphibulus Kriechbaumer, Föerster and Tricholinum Föerster in Cryptinae, besides Stilpnus Gravenhorst (Cryptinae), Asthenara Föerster Deleboea Cameron in Banchinae, and Lethades Davis (Ctenopelmatinae), Sathropterus Föerster (Tersilochinae) y in Ctenopelmatinae. For the State of Tamaulipas, Hercus Townes (Tryphoninae). México, 16 genera are new records, including the 10 noted above, besides Mnioes (Banchinae), Amphibulus, P A L A B R A S C L A V E Stilpnus (Cryptinae), Asthenara (Ctenopelmatinae), Sathropterus (Tersilochinae) and Hercus (Tryphoninae). Avispas, Parasitoides, Control biológico, Bosque de Pinos y Encinos. K E Y W O R D S Wasps, Parasitoids, Biological control, Pine and Oak forest. Introducción Ichneumonidae es la familia con el mayor nú- mero de especies de insectos parasitoides del orden Hy- Introduction menoptera (Haraldseide, 2015). Townes (1969) estimó más de 60,000 especies hace medio siglo. Gauld et al., (2002) Ichneumonidae is the family with the bigger estimaron que pueden existir más de 100,000 especies en number of species of parasitoid insects of the order Hyme- el mundo, mientras que Yu et al., (2016), reportaron 25,285 noptera (Haraldseide, 2015). Townes (1969) estimated that especies de 1,601 géneros y 44 subfamilias. more than 60,000 species half a century ago. Gauld et al., (2002) estimated that there could exist more than 100,000 En México se han estimado entre 3,215 y 4,544 especies (Ruíz species in the world, while in Yu et al., (2016), reported et al., 2014) y se han registrado más de 1,300 especies (García- 25,285 species of 1,601 genera and 44 subfamilies. Ramírez et al., 2016). Hasta 2016 se reportaron 28 subfamilias y 373 géneros, por lo que se recomendó realizar más estudios There have been estimated between 3,215 and 4,544 en el país (Ruíz-Cancino et al., 2014; Ruíz-Cancino, 2015); el species in Mexico (Ruíz et al., 2014) and more than género Labilochus fue descrito de Tamaulipas (Khalaim et al., 1,300 species have been registered (García-Ramírez 2017), sumando entonces 374 géneros para México. et al., 2016). 28 subfamilies and 373 genera have been reported until 2016; which is why it is recommended to Muchas de las especies de Ichneumonidae poseen un alto perform more research in the country (Ruíz-Cancino et grado de especialización y ocupan un nivel trófico alto por ser al., 2014); Ruíz-Cancino, 2015); the genera Labilochus avispas parasitoides, con lo que cumplen la función reguladora was described from Tamaulipas (Khalaim et al., 2017), en las poblaciones de artrópodos (Rodríguez et al., 2005), prin- being a total of 374 genera for Mexico. cipalmente de otros insectos y de algunos arácnidos; el rango de ataque de la familia Ichneumonidae se limita a las etapas Many of the species of Ichneumonidae possess a inmaduras (O’Connor et al., 2007), es decir, larvas y pupas de high level of specialty and occupy a high trophic level otras especies de insectos holometábolos; tienen por hospede- for being parasitoid wasps, with which accomplish ros a especies de los órdenes Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Dip- the regulatory function on the arthropod populations tera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera y Mecoptera (Stary et al., 1988) y (Rodríguez et al., 2005), mainly on other insects and on un pequeño número de especies se desarrollan en los ovisacos some arachnids; the attack range of the Ichneumonidae de arañas y actúan como depredadoras al alimentarse de múl- family is limited within the immature stage (O’Connor tiples individuos del huésped (O’Connor et al., 2007). Por tanto, et al., 2007), in other words larvas and pupas from se emplean como agentes de control biológico de plagas agrí- other species of holometabolous insects; species colas y forestales (Bennet, 2008), debido a que el uso y manejo from the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, de enemigos naturales representa una estrategia que no afecta Coleoptera, Neuroptera y Mecoptera (Stary et al., el equilibrio biológico, por lo tanto, su empleo es ecológico y 1988) are considered as hosts and a small number sustentable (Gutiérrez-Ramírez et al., 2013). Revista Bio Ciencias 5(nesp1), e421. 2 Alvarez-Cabrera et al., 2018. of species develop in the spiders’ ovisacs and act as Adicionalmente, los icneumónidos pueden ser predators when feeding on multiple individuals of the considerados como bioindicadores ya que representan guest (O’Connor et al., 2007). For this reason, they diversidad en los hospederos que atacan (Sharkey, 2007) are being implemented as agents of biological control y algunos se reportan como polinizadores; en el caso de of agricultural and forest pests (Bennet, 2008), due to las orquídeas del género Cryptostylis, donde el macho de the use and handling of natural enemies, it represents a Lissopimpla excelsa Costa es engañado por la orquídea strategy that does not affect the biological equilibrium, al emanar fragantes aromas florales que simulan las therefore, its application is ecological and sustainable feromonas sexuales de la hembra, copula sobre la flor (Gutiérrez-Ramírez et al., 2013). y la poliniza luego de haberse posado en otra orquídea (Gaskett et al., 2008; Weinstein et al., 2016). El objetivo de Additionally, the ichneumonids can be considered as este artículo fue conocer la riqueza, diversidad y equidad bioindicators because they represent the diversity of de los icneumónidos colectados en una trampa Malaise en attacking hosts (Sharkey, 2007) and some are reported el Ejido La Marcela, Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, México. as pollinators; so is the case for the orchids from the genera Cryptostylis, where floral aromas that simulate sexual pheromones of the female, copulates on the Materiales y Métodos flower and pollinates after having resting in another orchid (Gaskett et al., 2008; Weinstein et al., 2016). The La investigación se desarrolló en
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