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Indexing the Names of Authors from Spanish- and Portuguese-Speaking Countries

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Indexing the Names of Authors from Spanish- and Portuguese-Speaking Countries Special Articles Indexing the Names of Authors from Spanish- and Portuguese-Speaking Countries Bill Black guage names; discuss how authors write writing Juan Sánchez y Mendoza instead of Journals in the United States and other their names, as shown by submissions to Juan Sánchez Mendoza. Some persons use English-speaking countries—as well as our own journal over the last several years; a hyphen to join the two surnames, such as journals written either entirely or partly provide guidance on how to “read” the Juan Sánchez-Mendoza or María Esquivel- in English in other nations—are receiving names so that you can index them cor- Sánchez. Some men and women use just growing numbers of papers from authors rectly; and offer some guidelines that you an initial for the maternal surname, such whose first language is not English. For might want to suggest to authors and some as Juan Sánchez M. example, Latin America’s world share of changes you may want to make in your Portuguese also uses compound sur- scientific literature indexed by ISI more journal to increase the chances that oth- names, but with the order reversed from than doubled from 1981 to 2000, and it ers will cite your authors and your articles that in Spanish, that is, with the mother’s continues to climb.1 In addition to the correctly. surname coming first and the father’s sur- challenge of helping authors from around name second. Women vary in how they the world to express their ideas in English, The Classical Rules write their name after becoming mar- editors have the responsibility to make The style manual that we use for our journal ried; a common practice is to drop the certain to present and index their names provides basic, “classical” rules for Spanish maternal surname and keep the paternal correctly. Besides being a courtesy to the and Portuguese names.3 Names of Spanish surname and add the husband’s paternal authors, it can help to ensure that other origin, it says, often use two surnames, the surname. In all those cases, the indexing researchers and bibliographic database ser- first being the father’s and the second the of the Portuguese names would use the last vices that cite the articles give the credit mother’s. Almost without exception, such word in the author’s name, much as it is in due to the authors and to the editors’ jour- “compound” surnames should be alphabet- English. (Later I’ll consider some specific nals and that other researchers who see ized and indexed according to the father’s exceptions or confusing situations, such the piece cited can easily locate abstracts name. When a woman marries, she drops as the Portuguese equivalents for “Junior” of the articles or their full text. Knowing her mother’s name but keeps her father’s [Filho] or “III” [Neto].) a little more about names from countries name, to which she appends the preposi- Both Spanish and Portuguese also often where English is not the first language can tion de (“of”) followed by her husband’s use compound given names, such as María also help in reviewing the reference items father’s surname. For example, if María Cristina or José Fernando in Spanish in the articles. Esquivel López marries Juan Sánchez or Maria Tereza or Lúcia Helena in Understanding and correctly writing Mendoza, she drops her mother’s sur- Portuguese. Compound given names can names from another language can be diffi- name (López), keeps her father’s surname also include prepositions and articles, such cult, as was discussed in the case of Chinese (Esquivel), and adds “de Sánchez,” becom- as María de Jesús or María de las Mercedes in an earlier Science Editor article.2 There ing María Esquivel de Sánchez. If María in Spanish and Maria das Dores or Isabel are similar challenges with the names and Juan have two children, a daughter da Conceição in Portuguese. Long names of authors from Spanish- or Portuguese- named Susana and a son named Jorge, in Portuguese are no problem for indexing, speaking countries. Both those languages their full names would be Susana Sánchez because they are still indexed by the pater- traditionally use naming patterns that are Esquivel (that is, her given name, then nal surname, which will be the last word in different from the ones in English-speaking her father’s surname and her mother’s sur- the name, as it is in English. However, for nations. In addition, the rules in Spanish name) and Jorge Sánchez Esquivel (that is, persons unfamiliar with Spanish names, the differ from those in Portuguese in ways that his given name, then his father’s surname use of compound given names can make it often make Spanish names more difficult and his mother’s surname). difficult to decide whether a word that falls than Portuguese ones to index correctly. There can be some variations in how the in the middle of a name is the second part In this article, I present the “classical” parts of the compound surname are present- of the given name or is the paternal sur- rules about Spanish- and Portuguese-lan- ed in Spanish. Some women omit the de name. Later I present some guidelines to when adding the husband’s surname, such help in making those distinctions. BILL BLACK is the editor of English-language as using María Esquivel Sánchez instead of materials for Revista Panamericana de Salud María Esquivel de Sánchez. Both men and Our Sample vs the Classical Rules Pública/Pan American Journal of Public women may use the conjunction y (“and”) Are authors following the classical rules? Health). to join the paternal and maternal names, To assess that, we looked at the English- 118 • Science Editor • July - August 2003 • Vol 26 • No 4 Special Articles Indexing continued language articles submitted to our journal, advanced degrees in English-speaking this variety of practices when authors do Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan countries, write well in English, and may not use a form that is close to the standard American Journal of Public Health, over be familiar with the differences between practices for English-language names? the 3-year period January 2000 through English names and those in Spanish or Two steps are essential: 1) distinguishing December 2002. Our journal carries arti- Portuguese. Others have never lived out- Spanish from Portuguese and 2) learning cles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese; side their home countries, have limited to read the “elements” of a Spanish or each article appears only once and in English writing skills and so pay to have Portuguese name, such as distinguishing only one of the three languages. The large professionals translate their articles into between given names and surnames and majority of authors are from the western English, and may not know the English knowing how to handle prepositions and hemisphere; a very small number are from naming rules. Furthermore, although they articles. (There’s also a guideline, pre- other parts of the world, such as Spain. We may have published extensively in Spanish sented at the end of this article, that may encourage authors to write in their first or Portuguese in their home countries supersede the above.) language—and thus their strongest one— or elsewhere, this may be the first time Of the major Romance languages, but they may choose to write in another that they are writing an English-language Spanish and Portuguese may be the two one. For example, an author from Brazil article for an international journal. that are most similar. In distinguishing might decide to write in English or Spanish Are all our authors following the “classical” between Spanish and Portuguese, prob- instead of his or her native Portuguese. Spanish and Portuguese rules for names? In a ably the best indicator is the author’s We included all authors of English-lan- word, no. In fact, much to the relief of edi- country. Spain and Portugal colonized guage papers who listed affiliations with tors of English-language journals, most of the much of the New World and brought their institutions in Spanish- or Portuguese- authors whose names we surveyed are using respective languages with them. With the speaking countries. To that group we forms of their names that will present few exception of Brazil, where Portuguese is added authors with Spanish or Portuguese problems for English-language editors. For spoken, all the larger countries of Central names who were affiliated with inter- example, of the 90 Spanish names checked, America and South America use Spanish. national organizations based in English- 41 (45.6%) consisted of just a single given In the Caribbean, the most common lan- speaking countries and for which Spanish name and a single surname (for example, guages are English, Spanish, and French; or Portuguese is one of the official lan- Susana Vázquez). Another 15 (16.7%) it depends on which country colonized the guages. (That was most commonly true for consisted of a single given name, an initial, island. If you are not sure of the official authors affiliated with our journal’s parent and one surname (for example, María G language of a country, a quick look at an organization, the Pan American Health Guzmán). (A check of Spanish names from almanac or a search on the Internet can Organization.) Spanish-language articles that we published answer the question. We excluded authors with Spanish or in the year 2000 showed similar percentages, Another way to distinguish between Portuguese names who were affiliated of 54.4% and 10.7%, respectively.) Another Spanish and Portuguese is to look at the with other types of institutions in English- six (6.7%) consisted of one given name and use of accents and other diacritical marks.
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