June 16, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19579 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TROTSKYITES, STALINISTS AND to • • • win more black women to mimographed issue of a bulletin called THE ERA socialism." the "WREE-VIEW" containing material Cindy Jacquith, an alternate member reprinted from CPUSA's National Cen­ of the SWP National Committee and di­ ter to Slash Military Spending, a sub­ rector of the SWP's women's liberation sidiary of the U.S. section of the World HON. LARRY McDONALD Peace Council run by CPUSA stalwarts OF movement work, provided a general analysis of the Trotskyite interest in Pauline Royce Rosen and Fran Bordos, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NOW. Jacquith commented on NOW's and from Women of the Whole World, Wednesday, June 15, 1977 highly decentralized structure which the quarterly WIDF journal. Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, in April gives local chapters considerable political After a minimal 2-year existence, at its lOth national convention, the Na­ autonomy. Its problem for the Trotsky­ WREE has circulated a call for a na­ tional Organization of Women, NOW, ites is its tnsumcient revolutionary posi­ tional convention to be held in Chicago, passed a resolution opposing the at­ tion and commitment to work through September 23-25, 1977. The call contains tempts of the Trotskyite Socialist Work­ the political process rather than through a statement of WREE's implicit com­ ers Party, SWP to use NOW as a vehicle mass demonstrations. ''We need to in­ mitment to "proletarian international­ for their "transitional program" to crease our participation in NOW's activi­ ism" and its subservience to the needs Marxism-Leninism. NOW's resolution ties in many parts of the country," said of the world movement: Jacquith, and complained that .other Millions of women marched against the war stated: 1n Viet Nam because of our special interest This conference protests attempts by the Marxist groups like 1n a peaceful world--creating international Socialist Workers Party to use NOW as a Movement, NAM, and the Democratic bonds of 'friendship. Our movement con­ vehicle to place before the public the agenda Socialist Organizing Committee, DSOC, tinues and our strength grows as we demand of their organization and to exploit the were active in NOW chapters in several dignity, economic security, an end to racism, feminist movement. We bitterly resent and f"reas. a world With joy for our chlldren and their will not tolerate any group's attempts to de­ Jacquith had particularly harsh words future. Where we fight and how we fight are flect us from t h e pursuit of our feminist determined by the needs of all the people. goals. for the Communist Party, U.S.A., CPUSA, which has quietly opposed the so-called The WREE conference call is signed The NOW majority's denunciation of equal rights amendment, ERA which the by veteran CPUSA organizer and re­ the Socialist Workers Party was in re­ SWP and NOW fervently support. Noting cruiter Anne Braden, co-chairperson of sponse to internal faction building and that the younger militant women of the Southern Organizing Committee for penetration by SWP cadres. The SWP the CPUSA support the ERA as a revolu­ Economic and Social Justice; Margaret drive to take over NOW had focused on a tionary measure against our society, Burroughs, Kennedy-King Community resolution introduced by two SWP mem­ Jacquith said: College and curator of the DuSable bers active in the Philadelphia NOW They [the CPUSA] have had to establish Museum of Afro-American History in chapter, Clare Fraenzl, a vice president a women's front organization, Women for Chicago, a veteran sponsor of CPUSA of the chapter, and Rhonda Rutherford. Racial and Economic Equality (WREE), in causes; CPUSA National Committee The resolution called for NOW to orga­ part to counter the pressures on their mem­ member Angela Davis of Oakland; Ruby nize mass street demonstrations in bers from the women's movement and the Dee; Brenda Eichelberger, executive di­ support of minority women and for "in­ ERA struggle in particular. rector of the National Alliance of Black dependent" political action not associ­ WREE, with offi.ces at 202 South State Feminists, Chicago; Barbara Gale, vice ated with either the Democratic or Re­ Street, room 1024, Chicago, m. 60604-- president of 1199 Drug and Hospital publican parties. 312-663-1364--and at 156 Fifth Avenue, Union, long dominated by CPUSA orga­ At the conference, NOW Times pub­ New York, N.Y. 10010, is an affiliate of nizers; Saundra Graham, vice-mayor lished a full-page article entitled "SWP: the Women's International Democratic and State legislator, Cambridge, Mass., A Study in Political Parasitism," which Federation, WIDF, a Soviet-controlled and a recent participant in World Peace accurately noted that the SWP was not a international Communist front head­ Council meetings; Dorin1.a Moreno, pres­ "feminist" group since it was dominated quartered in East Berlin. WREE was pre­ ident, Coscilio Mujeres, San Francisco; by men. It also reported how the SWP viously the subject of a report in the Betty Murrell, executive director of the has for years penetrated, disrupted and Of April 27, 1976 YWCA-YMCA Day Care, Inc., New York; destroyed other women's groups. pages 114 70-71. Sondra Patrinos; and Sandra Rich, pres­ The SWP, however, remains active in During the fall of 1976, WREE's prin­ ident of AFSCME Local 2070, Los Angeles. NOW and has not given up its takeover cipal activity consisted of raising money plans. On June 4-5, at the NOW Mid­ at the request of the Communist Viet­ WELCOME TO RUSSIAN Atlantic regional conference in Wash­ namese Women's Union, also a WIDF TRADE GROUP ington, D.C., a resolution oft'ered by the afllliate, allegedly for "Penicillin for Viet­ SWP-controlled minority women's work­ am" to treat widespread venereal disease. shop was passed. The SWP is concen­ WREE's Norma Spector of Brooklyn, trating its "Third world women" cadre in N.Y., had toured Vietnam in the spring as HON. BILL FRENZEL NOW. SWP organizers hope to take full a member of a WIDF delegation. WREE OF MINNESOTA control of NOW's Minority Women's announced that it would present the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Task Force, and are planning another money to WIDF at a November meeting, women's conference in Pittsburgh, July and published a letter of appreciation Wednesday, June 15, 1977 16-17, 1977. At the SWP 1976 national from a Vietnamese Communist official. Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, I wish to convention, Cathy Sedwick, a member WREE has said very little about "wom­ take this opportunity to extend a wel­ of the Chelsea branch of the SWP in en's liberation," but a lot about the come to the Soviet delegation which has New York City, led the workshop dis­ World Peace Council's disarmament recently come to the for cussion on "Party Participation in the campaign; women in the South African the sixth session of the Joint U.S.­ Struggle for Black Women's Liberation." Communist Party-controlled African U.S.S.R. Commercial Commission. In her talk, Sedwick described NOW's National Congress, a terrorist "national I particularly wish to welcome Mr. first minority women's conference held in liberation movement;" and about Patolichev, the Soviet Minister of For­ Pittsburgh July 31-August 1, 1976, and Marxist and CPUSA women organizers in eign Trade and leader of the Soviet the extensive participation by the SWP the labor movement. delegation. and Young Socialist Alliance members. WREE national coordinator Sondra I believe that these meetings in the Sedwick said the SWP should "be hav­ Patrinos, formerly the CPUSA's orga­ United States have been, and continue to ing more forums on black women" and nizer for eastern Pennsylvania, headed a be, useful in providing the opportunity "step up our coverage of these activities group of Chicago CPUSA and Young to exchange information, and to consider in the Militant." "These," she said, "are Workers Liberation League, YWLL, further prospects for expanded trade and just some of the things that we can do women who cranked out one slipshod economic relations between the United CXXIII--1232-Part 16 19580 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 1 o, 1977 States and the . I hope that given year.0 The intelllgent AWOL could shop REASONS FOR BAD DISCHARGES the representatives of the Governments for a good place to return; a clever soldier Bad administrative discharges are often of the United States and the Soviet Un­ could manipulate a good administrative dis­ given for single "offenses" or incidents that charge; and a financially well-off person bear little if any relation to the performance ion have found these sessions helpful in could retain civllian counsel to utllize a va­ pursuing matters of mutual interest in­ of a soldier's military duties or his or her riety of techniques designed to insure sepa­ entire record. For example, a soldier can volving economic cooperation which will ration under favorable grounds. (This would have his or her entire period of service char­ satisfy the policy objectives of both apply to the financially secure person who acterized as undesirable for possession of one countries. didn't realize until after entry on active duty ma.rtjuana. cigarette even though he had that an expert selective service law specialist served honorably in combat in Vietnam, and could have virtually guaranteed noninduc­ thousands of soldiers who were unable to ad­ THE QUESTION OF LESS THAN tion for around $2,500 or more.) Further, as just to the last few months of stateside duty FULLY HONORABLE MILITARY the Department of Defense Task Force dis­ after serving in Vietnam received undesir­ DISCHARGES ISSUED DURING THE covered, the discharge system was undisput­ able discharges in lieu of a court-martial for edly racially bia.sed.7 Thus, the deciding fac­ brief A WOLs. tors in the characterization of a discharge The bulk of the bad administrative dis­ were . . . most often race, financla.l re­ charges were not for absence-related offenses HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR sources, intelligence and luck as opposed to and the bulk of the absence-related bad dis- - OF PENNSYLVANIA the nature of one's conduct. charges were given after Vietnam or lengthy The essentially arbitrary nature of the dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stateside service, after denial of applications charge system is reflected by the discharge for conscientious objector status 11 or hard­ Wednesday, June 15, 1977 review system. Each service has a Discharge ship discharge, or to soldiers who never Review Board (DRB) and Board for Correc­ should have been inducted or enlisted in the Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I wish to tion of M111tary Records (BCMR). Until No­ first instance. share with my colleagues an important vember 1975 (the time of Congressional hear­ From 1967 to 1971, for example, general background paper on the question of less ings on the subject: the third attempt in a and undesirable discharges were given for the than fully honorable military discharges decade to provide some statutory guidance following reasons: issued during the Vietnam war, written for the discharge system) all of these boards General by David F. Addlestone. I think he makes only met in Washington, D.C. At that time Fiscal years 1967-69: Discharges an important contribution to the debate the DRBs began to travel and/or set up re­ Alcoholism ------275 gional panels. In 1977, the various DRBs will Apathy, defective attitude, etcetera__ 3, 894 now before Congress on the Presi­ meet in approximately thirty-five cities. Character and behavior disorders ___ 21, 390 dent's Vietnam-era discharge program. Each panel of these DRBs is composed of Bed-wetting ------200 The material follows: five field grade officers. Each BCMR panel has Financialirresponsib111ty------500 A BACKGROUND PAPER ON THE QUESTION OF three to ft ve high level GS employees who Homosexual tendencies______928 LEss THAN FuLLY HONORABLE MILITARY also consider applications from active duty other aberrant tendencies______9 DISCHARGES ISSUED DURING THE VIETNAM and former mllltary personnel seekfng to Inaptitude ------1, 653 WAR correct "errors or injustices" s 1n their serv­ Multiple reasons______277 (By David F. Addlestone, deputy director for ice records. Unless large suxns of money are litigation, National M111tary Discharge Re­ allocated to increase the work capacity of Total ------29, 126 view Project, Georgetown University Law these boards, the DRBs wlll fall further be­ General Center) hind in case review as more veterans become Fiscal year 1971 : Discharges aware of these boards 9 (it takes six months Alcoholism ------123 CHARACTER OF MILITARY DISCHARGES to get a. hearing before the Army and Navy Apathy, defective attitude, et cetera_ 4, 283 The Armed Forces issue five types of dis­ boards) and the BCMRs wm be unable ade­ Character and behavior disorders ____ 15, 787 charge certificates to members being dis­ quately to handle the large volume of non­ Bed-wetting ------52 charged: honorable, general under honorable discharge cases presented to them (Discharge Financial irresponsib111ty ------362 conditions, undesirable (which also includes review cases make up only approximately Homosexual tendencies______214 the clemency discharge issued pursuant to 30% of their caseload). As a result of liti­ Other aberrant tendencies______14 the Ford Administration's Presidential Clem­ gation, these boards will shortly begin to Inaptitude ------1, 144 ency Program), bad conduct, and dishonor­ make written findings and reasons justifying Multiple reasons______118 able. The latter two are "punitive" discharges their decisions. Other class action lawsuits awarded as part of a sentence of a court­ are further burdening the boards and de­ Total ------22,097 martial pursuant to the Uniform Code of laying their ability to render prompt deci­ Military Justice (UCMJ} which is an enact­ sion.10 Undesir- ment of Congress. The former three are While some of the inequities were elimi­ Fisca.l years 1967-71: • General able "administrative" discharges which are not nated by the traveling panels, most appli­ explicitly authorized by any act of Congress cants still cannot afford the time and ex­ Conviction by civil au­ and which have been authorized pursuant to pense to leave work and travel to the hearing thorities, and so Department of Defense Directive 1332.14 and sites and wait for a hearing. Furthermore, the various service regulations issued there­ forth ------2,178 8,023 counsel is not provided by the government Fraudulent enlistment, under. and free adequate counsel are few and far be­ During the Vietnam War years, there was tween.u The discharge upgrade statistics for induction, and so a marked trend toward the use of the ad­ the various DBRs reflect enormous disparities forth ------3,072 1,579 ministrative process as opposed to the court­ in cases where the applicants appeared and _Prolonged unauthor- martial process which had been intended by where they did not.u Upgrade rates from ized absence ______153 1,317 Congress to be the primary tool for discipline service to service have varied drastlcally,13 Other ("misconduct")_ 1,429 9,850 in the Armed Forces. The use of the admin­ and recent changing policies within individ­ istrative process was in effect a. wholesale cir­ ual services have greatly altered upgrade per­ 6,832 20, 769 cumvention of the UCMJ.t As a result, 540,484 centa.ges.u Each service has its own rules Subtotal ------soldiers were given stigmatizing administra­ about considering post-service conduct and tive discharges, which can amount to a. life other types of mitigating factors and many Drug addiction, and so sentence of unemployment,2 from Fiscal year rules are in direct conftict.15 Even rules re­ fofth ------7,799 6,467 1964 through Fiscal year 1974, while only lating to when a rehearing will be granted Failure to pay debts __ _ 499 163 40,271 soldiers were given punitive discharges are vffty ditierent and can change abruptly.~o Failure to support de­ during the same period. (In the yea.rs 196~9. Frequently, discharges are upgraded only pendents, and so general and undesirable discharges made up after a federal court lawsuit is filed. 75 20 4.1% of all discharges but by 1972 they The review system is one in which the forth ------­ amounted to 9.7% .)3 The general public, and Frequent involvement rich, well-informed or lucky prevail. Only with authorities ____ _ employers in particular, more often than not those people can realistically take advantage 7,989 23,310 make no distinction between the different of the liberalizing trends, retain competent Unsanitary habits ____ _ 65 73 categories of discharges' and only those with counsel, and eeek rehearings. Sexual perversion ____ _ 1, 611 1,913 fully honorable discharges are employed.5 Since 1967 approximately 75,000 applica­ Shirking ------1,564 4,734 INEQUITIES IN THE DISCHARGE AND DISCHARGE tions for discharge have been processed and Multiple reasons ______258 141 REVIEW SYSTEM this included discharges issued in the 1940's The system by which a particular type of and 1950's. Even if it can be assumed that Subtotal ------19,860 36,821 discharge is given for a. particular act or pat­ 50,000 Vietnam era veterans have already ap­ plied and that 10,000 cases can be processed a tern of behavior is inconsistent from service 26,692 57,590 to service, from year to year, and from com­ year, it would take 55 years for all the Viet­ Total ------mand to command in a given service in a. nam era cases to be processed under the cur­ rent system if they were alone given prior­ •Does not include Navy, Air Force~ and Footnotes at end ()f article. ity. Marine Corps discharges for fiscal year 1967. June 16, 19'77 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19581

Many of these discharges were given to even though the regulations presumed a fully COURAGE WrrHOUT ESTEEM; PROFILES IN Vietnam returnees, people 1n the inactive honorable discharge. In the same year, the VVEUSTLE-BLO~G reserves who had already served on active ·Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps gave gen­ (By Taylor Branch) duty, people who entered the mllltary under eral discharges !or the same reason in only In February of 1966, Charles Pettis headed the Project 100,000 ~rogram which admitted 22.9%, 36.5%, and 50.3% of the cases respec­ people from low socio-economic backgrounds tively. A lawsuit has forced a change in Army for Lima, Peru, to his new job as resident who previously had not met enlistment regulations; however, the Department of tha engineer on Peru's long-standing dream-to standards, people who experimented with Army refuses to call up those cases for dis­ build a highway across the Andes. A 44-year­ drugs or homosexuality, and 1n a variety of charge reView unless a veteran makes an ap­ old engineer and geologist. Pettis was to play situations where the stigma of the character pllcation in an indiVidual case. See also Peo­ a crucial role in the 146-mile, $46-milllon of the discharge greatly outweighs the ple Get Different Discharges in Apparently project that was designed to open up trade equities of the indiVidual case. The review Similar Circumstances, Report of the Comp­ for the first time between Peru's coastal boards have slowly begun to recognize thiS troller General of the U.S., April 1, 1976; cities on one side of the mountains and the and change their policies thereby granting B-184890. isolated interior regions on the other. The highway would not only bolster the relief to those who are able to present their 1 Task Force Report. best cases. 810 u.s.c. 1553. hopes and incomes of most PeruVians, but However, no effort has been made to deal 11 In FY 1976, the Army DRB alone handled it would also refurbish the image o! Amer­ with cases like this on a class basis and the 6,527 cases. That board currently has a back­ ican foreign assistance. It was an project burden has been on the indiVidual veteran log of 7,000 cases and is receiving 1,000 new through and through, with $12 million from the Agency for International Develop­ to learn about the boards, fin~ counsel, and cases a month. ment and $23 m1111on from the Export-Im­ make an application. No effort has been made 1D For example, in one out-of-court settle­ to inform the publlc of the recent liberalized ment, the Army BCMR has had to insist that port Bank-the balance from Peru. There trends in discharge review and of the meth­ it will take 24 months to review approxi­ were the usual minor irritants for the re­ ods for applying or re-applying once there mately 1,500 cases it improperly processed cipient country, such as AID contracting has been a denial. Since 1965, the .!?epara­ in the past, Heiler v. Williams, C.A. No. 76- regulations that effectively eliminated all tion program numbers have been computer­ 0912 (DD.C.) 1lrms except American ones from the bidding, ized and whole cu~sses of cases could be iden­ u Persons represented by fully prepared but such things were overlooked in general tified by the government. Whlle a wholesale lawyers and law students have achieved an enthusiasm for the road. upgrading or upgrading on a class basis 85% upgrade rate while the overall rate is Pettis was under contract to Brown & Roof would benefit a relatively small percentage less than 30%. Slavin, The Stigmas of Dis­ Overseas, Inc.-an international engineer­ of undeserving individuals, the deserving charge, Sunday, April 18, 1976, Washington ing firm based in Houston, whose foreign aid majority would receive fast and warranted Post, page Bl. Few counsel were aware of business had prospered mightlly since Lyn­ relief. Veterans Administration regulations board procedures untll recently and no how­ don Johnson entered the White House. Brown could be changed to deny benefits to the to-do-it book was published untll April & Roof was hired to protect the interests of undeserving. The current alternative is the 1975. (Addlestone and Hewman, ACLU Prac­ the PeruVian government by overseeing the endlessly clogged review process and the tice Manual on Military Discharge Upgrad­ construction etrorts of the main contractor, eventual inundation of the federal courts ing) Morrison-Knudsen of Boise, . As resi­ with suits seeking to overturn unfavorable 12 Army 1974: 18.5% versus 11.7%: Air dent engineer, Pettis went to work for his decislons of the review boa.rds. Force 1974: 65% versus 26.2%: Navy 1974: client, the Peruvian government; and his sig­ FOOTNOTES 67.1% versus 22.7%; Marines: 35.8% versus nature was required on the payroll to sig­ nify that Peru's interests were being pro­ 1 For example, the common undesirable 16.8%. discharge issued in lieu of a court-martial 11 From FY 1967 to 1974 the DRBs' up­ tected and that the contract specifications at the request of a frequently young, im­ grade average was: Army: 13%; Navy and were being enforced. His misgiVings about the projebt began mature, and unintormed soldier was not Marines: 28%; Air Force: 37%; (Total ap­ even possible, with minor exceptions, until plications of 49,633). when he surveyed the design and found that it called for cutting channels up to 300 feet 1D66 in the Army and Air Force and 1971 in u For example, in FY 1974, the Army per­ the Navy and Marines. See Effron, Punish­ centage was 12.4%. In FY 1976, it rose to deep through the notoriously unstable Andes ments of Enlisted Personnel Outside the mountains--with almost sheer clitrs to be 32.2% with 49.4% of pers-onal appearance left on the side of the road. He was further UCMJ: A Statutory and Equal Protection cases resulting in an upgrade. Analysis of Military Discharge Certificates, disturbed that the design team had taken in­ 1D Addlestone and Hewman, ACLU Manual. adequate geographical borings to determine 9 Harv. Clv. Rt.-Civ. Lib. L. Rev. 227 (1974). u Id. at page 11. (Compare Aprll with No­ 2 Jones, Gravity of Administrative Dis­ the mountains' susceptabllity to slides, which vember 1975 editions) is considerable. These faults · and many charges: A Legal and Empirical Evaluation, • 17 From 196&-75·there were 20,564 recorded 59 Mllitary L. Rev. 1 (Winter 1973); Slavin, applications for in-serVice conscientious ob­ others led him to conclude: 1) that the road "The Cruelest Discrimination", Summer jector discharge or status. Thousands more could not be built as designed, and 2) that 1975 Issue of Business and Society Review. were not processed or the would-be appli­ large ov~rruns would result. Nevertheless, 3 Morrison-Knudsen commenced work. This alarming trend has continued. In cant was discouraged from applying or did Open conflict set in a.t the construction the fiscal year ending in June 1975, 12Y:!% of not understand the process. 54% of the ap­ site when Morrison-Knudsen demanded that all discharges were bad ones, the highest ever plications were approved; however, the per­ the monthly payroll be amended to include recorded since 1950. Further evidence of the centages varied drastically. In 1966 and 1967 charges for slide removal. (The slides were so overloading of the discharge system and its only 30% and 28.2% were approved while bad that 31 men were killed on the road.) concomitant waste of people power is found in 1973 and 1974 the figures were 85.9% and Pettis refused on the grounds that such pay­ in the figure that almost 40% of all enlisting 88.6%. For those who could atrord to seek ments were not called for by the contract in the all-volunteer armed forces do not com­ relief by way o! a writ at habeas corpus in and that the Peruvian government would lose plete their first term of enlistment. Many are federal court, a receptive forum was wait­ a great deal of money by such actions. "At ing. From 1972-4 the federal courts granted separated through the use of the "expeditious first, Brown & Root supported me," says honorable discharge" for such reasons as approximately 50% of requests for release Pettis, "but they had a big meeting ln Feb­ or C.O. status based upon the improper "hostlllty towards the Army", being a "quit­ ruwry of 1968 and the tables began to turn. ter" and similar reasons. Such a procP.ss denial of C.O. applicatio~. Bert Perkins of Morrison-Knudsen said he clearly under cuts tbe notion that the honor­ bid the job low because of prior association able discharge ipso facto connotes honorable w1 th Brown & Root all over the world-and service. because they expected to get a break. I'm 'SlaVin and Jones. WHISTLE-BLOWERS HALL OF FAME: sort of hot-tempered and old-fashioned in 5 Such policies have been ruled to be ra­ CHARLES PETI'IS things like that, and I said I wouldn't be a cially biased, as the Report of the Depart­ party to such a thing." ment of Defense Task Force on the Adminis­ Brown & Root soon ordered Pettis to begin tration of Military Justice in the Armed boosting the payroll--out of fear that Mor­ HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER rison-Knudsen might otherwise attack the Forces concluded in its 1972 study that blacks OF COLORADO received bad discharges significantly more flimsy design, or perhaps out of corporate frequently than whites with similar educa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fraternal understanding. When Pettis would tional backgrounds and I.Q.s for every reason Wednesday, June 15, 1977 not go along, he was replaced by a more pli­ able man named B. W. Donelson-who for which bad discharges could be issued. Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, this promptly began authorizing supplementary EEOC Decision No. 7425 (Sept. 10, 1973). The payments to the contractor. Donelson DoD follow-on study conducted in 1973 found is the second in a series of articles on notable whistle-blowers I will be insert­ brought an element of the old Yankee ban­ that the trend stlll continued. dido to the plot by obtaining a subcontract ing in the RECORD. Today's account is 8 Task Force Report. For example, in fiscal trom Morrison-Knudsen to feed the workers. year 1971 the Army gave general discharges from a Washington Monthly article by By cutting food costs, he was able to harvest for "character and behavior disorders" (a Taylor Branch entitled "Courage With­ a profit of some $250,000 from the very con­ neurosis which forms a basis for a discharge out Esteem: Profil~ 1n Whistle-Blow­ tract that he was overseeing. He also man­ for unsuitability) in over 90% of the cases, ing" copyrighted May 1971: aged to divert about 25 Peruvian laborers 19582 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1977 from the road to work on the construction of of aggression especially in light of the representatives to the Belgrade Confer­ his private home. Donelson is now wanted conference this year which will be re­ ence to insist that the human right~ of by the Peruvian government on these (and the people of the Baltic area be part of several other) charges of fraud, but he has viewing compliance with the Helsinki vanished into the continent like Martin Declaration. the agenda at that conference. As we Bormann. In 1918, this small nation on the Baltic pursue better relations with the Soviet In December of 1968, Brown & Root fired Sea exercised its freedom and enjoyed Union, we should insist that the human Pettis after he refused to reassure the Peru­ the advantages and prosperity of inde­ dignity of the people of the Baltic be vian government in exchange for "any other pendence for 22 years. Then, in 1940, part of our price. If this is done, then job in Latin America." Peru had stopped pe.y­ Lithuania lost its freedom due to the ag­ June 15, 1977, will be remembered as a ment on the road largely because Pettis gression of the Soviet Union and one­ bright day in hwnan history. would not tell the transportation ministry that the road was being constructed prop­ fourth of its population was deported erly or the payroll figured honestly. Enor­ from the homeland in order to destroy mous psychological pressure was mounted unity in Lithuania. Yet, the Lithuanian against Pettis by the Americans to get him desire for independence is still very much MARIE JOEL, R.N., CERTIFIED BY to recant. "There were a lot of little things alive, as evidenced by their continued AMERICAN NURSES' ASSOCIATION that really add up to ma.ke you feel isolated," defiance of the Soviet regime. Not only he says. "For example, the contractor peo­ do we deplore the suppression of such ple's kids threw eggs at my kids and would HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN have nothing to do with them. And the fundamental human rights, but we must OF MARYLAND American Consul in Lima gave me a tempo­ continue to support those individuals IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rary passport and said it was a bureaucratic who live under such conditions. error." As we pause to recognize this anni­ Wednesday, June 15, 1977 Pettis has been without salary since De­ versary, let us not forget the many con­ Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, among cember of 1968, and more than a half dozen tributions which have been made by over our Nation's most honored professions is job offers have been "suddenly cancelled," he 1 million Americans of Lithuanian de­ says. "Every firm in the business considers that of nursing. Among the most hon­ me a 'rat.'" When he asked his lawyer to scent. We must continue to hope that ored practitioners of this noble profession talk with Brown & Root about a possible their prayers will be answered and is a woman I am proud to have among my breach of contract suit, the attorney wrote Lithuanians everywhere will enjoy the constituents in the First District of back that the company's position "seems to freedom which we in America cherish Maryland, Mrs. Marie Joel of Aberdeen, be that your first duty was to the Brown & and feel is the most basic of human Md. Root 'team' rather than to the Peruvian rights. Mrs. Joel was recently certified as one government, and that by your actions you of only 500 adult nurse practitioners in violated this duty." the Nation by the American Nurses' As­ Pettis and his wife are in the process of LITHUANIA-REMEMBERED moving to Spain, where they hope to set up sociation. The requirements to be cer­ a small school. He is rather bitter about the tified as an ANP are rigorous and of an whole conflict in Peru: "This is the kind of HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. advanced level. A recent article in the thing that's ruining the United States all Cecil Whig, published in Elkton, Md., over the world. We look like a bunch of OF INDIANA describes these requirements and makes crooks, ap.d anyone who tells the truth about IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clear why Mrs. Joel was able to satisfy it is considered crazy. I feel that when an Wednesday, June 15, 1977 them in an impressive manner. I am engineer takes a job like that highway, he has to protect his client. I hate this thing of Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, June 15 proud to bring this inspiring woman's costs being $8 or $10 million above the con­ marks a sad day for freedom-loving accomplishment to the attention of my tract. You've got to stand up against the people everywhere. On this day 37 years colleagues. pressures on that kind of thing to live with ago, the Red Army of the Soviet Union The article follows: yourself. You sure won't make much money overran the sovereign and independent PERRY PoiNT NURSE NATIONALLY CITED that way-I mean what the hell did I have nation of Lithuania. The American Nurses' Association recently to gain out of this?-but you have to do it. awarded certification as an Adult Nurse Looking back on it, I believe that I would The people of Lithuania and the rest of the Baltic area were the victims of a Practitioner to Mrs. Marie Joel, R.N. of do the same thing again. You really have no Perry Point Veterans Administration Hos­ choice. But if you ask my wife, she would pact between two of the worst dictators pital. say no." known to history: Adolph Hitler and Mrs. Joel thus becomes one of only 500 Meanwhile, construction on the highway Joseph Stalin. In August of 1939 these such advanced nurses throughout the U.S. to has halted, with a huge wastage of funds, two men announced a so-called non­ receive certification by the ANA. and the Brown & Root image in Latin Amer­ aggression pact between themselves. As At Perry Point VA Ambulatory service, ica has been tarnished-as has the reputa­ his share of the pact, Hitler crushed Mrs. Joel manages a caseload of veterans with tion of AID. But this scrape has not pre­ a variety of health problems, such as dia­ vented further partnership between the Poland, but we sometimes forget that Stalin invaded the Baltic countries as betes, heart disease, hypertension, arthritis company and the government. For example, and the like. While providing comprehen • Brown & Root and Morrison-Knudsen head he collected his share of the Nazi-Soviet sive health care to acutely and chronically a construction consortium that obtained a "nonaggression pact." ill veterans, Mrs. Joel says. "My aim and maln contract in February to upgrade the Tiger Today these two dictators are des­ focus is health maintenance." Cages at Con Son prison in South Vietnam. ecrated even by their own countries. Often the care and teaching she gives pa• Two hundred eighty-eight "isolation cells" But the people of Lithuania live under tients has been credited with preventing are to be built for $400,000 with labor prob­ the yoke of their aggression. costly hospitalizations. lems being eased by a provision for the use It is important that we remember At the request of Delegate Marilyn Gold­ of prisoners on the job. water (D-Montgomery County), Mrs. Joel. these tragic events of less than two gen­ recently testified before the Maryland House erations ago. It is important because if of Delegates Economic Matters Committee LITHUANIA INDEPENDENCE we forget, we cannot learn or teach from regarding her role and experiences as a Nurse history, and we must teach the history of Practitioner. freedom as well as oppression to our A Nurse Practitioner is an R.N. with ad­ HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN children if freedom is to survive. vanced education and experience in a spe­ OF NEW JERSEY I want June 15, 1940, to be remem­ cialized area and who is able to provide pri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bered as a dark day in the past, but I mary care to patients with a minimal of consultation with physicians. These nurses Wednesday, June 15, 1977 want June 15, 1977, to be remembered in are particularly helpful in overcoming the the future as a bright day in the fight shortage of health care in rural and inner­ Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, today for freedom. This can and will be done city areas. marks the unhappy 37th anniversary of if on this day we all commit ourselves The certification process of ANA is quite the military occuoation and forcible in­ to the human rights provisions of the demanding and includes passing a nation­ corporation of Lithuania into the Soviet Helsinki Accords. ally-prepared examination and endorsement Union. I ask all of my fellow Members A followup of the Helsinki Confer­ by colleagues, after completion of an orga­ and all Americans and Lithuanians ence starts today in Belgrade, Yugo­ nized program of study and two years of ex­ around the world to remember this act slavia. I urge the President to direct our perience in supervised clinical practice. June 16, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19583 A graduate or Massachusetts General Hos­ H.R. 4420. A bill to amend title II of the skilled nursing care in order to qualify for pital School of Nursing, Mrs. Joel received a Social Security Act to eliminate the special such services, to amend part A of such title B.S. in Nursing from the University of Mary­ dependency re

foes or saved by friends. We do not want women denied medicaid for abortions THE ADDITIVE SCARE: WHAT TELEvisioN to live at the expense of others but neither would be forced to carry unwanted preg­ IsN'T TELLING Us at the mercy of others. We want to build (By Edith Efron) in Israel that type of a society which will be nancies to term, the cost to the Govern­ able to contribute its share towards a freer, ment for :first year pre- and postnatal "One of these days, the Food and Drug a safer and a more decent world. In helping treatment would be between $450 and Administration is going to discover that Jack to shape such a world, we look to the gradu­ $565 million. No one can predict the cost Daniel's gives rats cirrhosis of the liver, and ating class of 1977 to become full and of the life-long suffering of unwanted we'll be back with Prohibition again." That dedicated partners. children who, studies have shown, are wry comment comes from scholar Irving Kristol, a man who can recognize an old folly more than twice as likely to suffer from masquerading in new garb. It sums up the social, emotional, and educational dis­ ineffable s1lliness of the current consumerist advantages as wanted children. The cost drive to "protect" us from every allegedly LABOR-HEW APPROPRIATIONS to society of unwanted children-higher unsafe substance that we are putting in our numbers of welfare recipients, a poorly mouths. The media have failed abysmally to educated citizenry, increased delin­ expose this silliness, of which surely the prize HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH quency, and a greater number of psy­ example 1s The Great Additive Scare. Almost OF COLORADO chiatric problems-must be avoided. no informational context 1s being provided IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on TV to give viewers insight into this buga­ boo, when it would be so easy to do so. For Thursday, June 16, 1977 example: Mr. wm.TH. Mr. Speaker, I urge my THE NEW PROHIDITIONISTS 1. Consumerists are crying out warnings colleagues to repeal section 209 from the that the American food industry is putting chemicals into our food; that men were never Labor-HEW appropriations. This sec­ intended to consume chemicals but only tion, known as the Hyde amendment, HON. LARRY McDONALD "natural" foods. Here's what the newsmen seeks to restrict the fundamental rights OF GEORGIA should be adding to this quaint doctrine: (a) of freedom with respect to reproduction IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that everything that exists, including human for poor women, many young women, and beings and "natural" foods, consists of chem­ women who cannot afford private medi­ Thursday, June 16, 1977 icals; (b) that there is no chemical differ­ cal care. The legal and human conse­ Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the ence between man-made chemical3 and "natural" chemicals; (c) that consumerists quences of this provision would be devas­ saccharin ban proposed by the Food and are using chemicals as a scare word. tating to our society. Drug Administration has focused public 2. Consumerists are warning us that in­ The purpose of the Labor-HEW appro­ attention on Government control of food dustry is putting tons of chemicals called priatiom }Jill is to equalize health and additives, particularly the proclivity of "additives" in our food-in effect, poisoning education services for all Americans. the FDA to ban a substance no matter us for profit. Here's what the newsmen This prohibition in the bill against a par­ how flimsy and farfetched the evidence should be addin~: (a) that per-capita con­ ticular service to a particular group of of its alleged danger. sumption of "additives" per year 1s about people is a direct denial of such equaliza­ 139 pounds, and that 129 of those pounds Consumerists have been conducting a consist simply of sugar and salt; (b) that tion. campaign against food additives for the 129 pounds break down as follows: 102 In fact, I believe the ban on providing many years now, claiming that our food pounds-sucrose, (i.e., cane or beet sugar), Federal funds for abortion violates the is being poisoned by chemicals and that 8 pounds--corn syrup, 4 pounds~extrose (a Constitution of the United States. The we should be eating "natural" foods in­ simple sugar), 15 pouncl.s-Ba.lt; (c) that of Supreme Court has unequivocally stated stead. These attacks have been duly the 10 remaining pounds, 9 consist of such that the choice of abortion belongs ex­ transmitted to the public by the news innocuous ingredients as pepper, mustard, clusively to the woman and her doctor, media. yeast and sodium bicarbonate; (d) that only free from Government interference. Sec­ one pound of the 139 consists of colorings, In fact, however, everything consists emulsifiers, preservatives, etc.-about 1800 tion 209, which allows Federal funds to of chemicals, including "natural" food, different chemicals, many used to prevent pay for the cost of child birth-but not and there is no chemical difference be­ food from growing rancid and moldy, rot­ for abortion-violates a woman's right of tween manmade chemicals and "natural" ting, giving you food poisoning or botulism; choice; leaving it, instead, in the hands chemicals. And if the present standards (e) that the median level of each of these of the Government. used by the consumerists and the FDA additives is about one-half a milligram per We are naive if we believe a ban on additive per year-the weight of. one grain were applied to "natural" foods, a large of salt; (f) that every time you've heard a medicaid funding for abortions will elim­ number would be declared illegal; in inate this medical procedure. Prior to consumerist warning that a particular addi­ fact, it would be illegal to swallow our tive 1s threatening your life, he has been the 1973 Supreme Court decisions. 1 own saliva because it contains nitrite talking about that one speck per year. million illegal abortions were performed which can be transformed in the stom­ 3. The consumerists are now zeroing in on annually in this country. If medicaid ach into nitrosamines-a carcinogen. the major additives--sugar and salt. These, funding for this medical service is cut they charge, are causing such diseases as off, poor women will again be forced to The standards being applied to food heart disease, hypertension and diabetes. seek "back alley" abortionists or attempt additives are political, not scientific, and That is one of the bases of Sen. George Mc­ self-abortion. Deaths and injuries from are being used to advocate Government Govern's entry into the New Food Politics. nonmedical, unsanitary abortions, which control of everyone's diet. For example, In my last column, I said McGovern had pre­ almost disappeared in this country be­ see Senator McGoVERN's report "Dietary pared. a law that, if passed, would inaugurate Goals for the United States." new State powers to dictate our diets. Mc­ tween 1973 and 1976, will reemerge and Govern wrote in to say that was inaccurate. increase. Not only are consumerists and politi­ Acknowledged. Here's the accurate version: In addition, 47 States and the District cians dishonest in their attacks on food McGovern has laid the conceptual ground­ of Columbia now permit medicaid re­ additives, but the news media is irre­ work for a law that, if passed, will inaugu­ imbursement for abortions. Retention of sponsible in not supplying easy to get rate new State powers to dictate our diets. the Hyde amendment would interfere information about chemicals and "natu­ H.1s launching pad is a document called with existing State statutes on using ral" foods which would expose this dis­ "Dietary Goals for the United States," which honesty to the public. seeks, among other things, to slash sugar public funds for abortions. Such a dis­ consumption by 40 per cent and salt con­ crepancy between State and Federal laws All of this, and much more, is supplied sumption by 50 to 85 per cent. Here's what would undoubtedly be a huge adminis­ by Edith Efron in a truly excellent ar­ the newsmen should add to McGovern's press trative burden and would clog our courts ticle that should be read by every Mem­ releases: (a) that the McGovern Report 1s with increased litigation. ber of Congress before any further action dominated by the determination to bring Finally, in an official impact statement is taken to give the Government more about "behavioral change" in U.S. eating on the Hyde amendment, Dr. Louis Hell­ control over our food supply. The ar­ habits--i.e., to manipulate us by taxation, laws and regulation into eating what a Fed­ man, formerly of the Department of ticle--"The Additive Scare: What Tele­ eral food bureaucracy wants us to eat; (b) HEW, reported that the total cost of vision Isn't Telling Us"-appeared in the that the immediate target ot coercion is the medicaid reimbursement for abortion is June 11, 1977, TV Guide. food industry; example: the McGovern Re­ $50 million annually. Since most of those The article follows: port launches the idea of banning TV ad- 19614 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1977 vertising of foods containing the "dangerous" servine that he has given to the commu­ duction will not fully reimburse the cost sugar and salt; (c) that dozens of the con­ nity of Winthrop. of removal, but it will provide some as­ clusions in that report--including the dis­ Bob DeGregorio is being cited for his .sistance to property owners. ease-causing potential of sugar and salt-­ are being contested by scientists; (d) that excellent work on the Winthrop School The following is a text of the bill, one critic, Dr. Fredrick J. Stare, professor of Committee for 9 years, including three H.R. 7459: nutrition at Harvard, describes "Dietary terms as chairman, and his many ef­ H.R. 7459 Goals" as "essentially a P!?litical report pre­ forts in support of programs for the A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of pared by a nonprofessional staff"; and (e) young people of the town of Winthrop. 1954 to allow a deduction for the cost of that another critic, Dr. Thomas Jultes, pro­ As the Congressman representing removal of trees required by the United fessor of medical physics at the University Winthrop, I am pleased to have had the States or a State or local government to be of California Berkeley, describes "Dietary opportunity to work with Bob earlier this removed to prevent the spread of Dutch Goals" as animated by "Big Brother" im­ elm disease pulses. year in Washington on legislation affect­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of 4. Consumerists are assuring us that so long ing educational and school policy mat­ Representatives of the United States of as we· stick to "natural" food, we'll all be ters. His service as the liaison from the America in Congress assembled, That (a) safe as houses, and that only man-made Seventh Congressional District to the part VII of subchapter B of chapter 1 of. the chemicals must be tested by the FDA, fed Federal Relations Network of the Na­ Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to to rats. etc. Here's what the newsmen should tional School Boards Association was ex­ additional itemized deductions for individ­ be adding: (a) that "natural" f()()(!s also emplary. uals) is amended by redesignating section contain "dangerous" chemicals; (b) that ba­ We are all proud of what Bob has 221 as section 222, and by inserting after nanas, pineapples, cheese, contain chemicals section 220 the following new section: that raise blood pressure; (c) that peaches achieved on behalf of his fellow citizens in general, and in particular for the Win­ "SEC. 221. REMOVAL OF TREES TO PREVENT THE pears, strawberries, Brussels sprouts, spinach, SPREAD OF DUTCH ELM DISEASE white turnips, carrots and cauliflower con­ throp schools and the youth of the com­ t-ain chemicals that cause thyroid disease; munity and we wish him continued suc­ "In the case of an individual who is an (d) that some food contain poisons (spinach, cess in all his future endeavors. owner of real property, there shall be allowed cashews, almonds, cocoa and tea contain as a deduction all reasonable and necessary oxalates and free oxalic acid; potatoes con­ expenses paid in the taxable year by such in­ tain the poison solamine; fish and shellfish dividual for the removal and disposal of trees contain arsenic; lima beans break down dur­ TAX DEDUCTION FOR REMOVAL OF on such property required by the United ing digestion into hydrogen cyanide); (e) DISEASED ELMS States or a State or local government to be that some foods contain natural carcinogens removed to prevent the spread of Dutch elm (orange juice, flour, cabbage, turnips, sassa­ disease.''. fras and nutmeg); (f) that egg yolks are HON. DONALD M. FRASER (b) The table of sections for part VII of carcinogenic to mice; (g) that none of this OF MINNESOTA subchapter B of chapter 1 of the Internal matters a whit because you get only a trace IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Revenue Code of 1954 is amended by striking of these chemicals in normal amounts of out the last item and inserting in lieu thereof food, and the human bodv comfortably tol­ Thursday, June 16, 1977 the following items: erates such traces; (h) that if the present "SEc. 221. Removal of trees to prevent the Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I have in­ spread of Dutch elm disease. standards used to test and ban man-made troduced legislation to permit property chemicals were applled to "natural" foods, "SEc. 222. Cross references.". a shocking number of them would be de­ owners to deduct tree removal costs from SEc. 2. The amendment made by the first clared illegal; that, in fact, it would be il­ their Federal income taxes when such section of this Act shall apply to taxable legal to swallow our own saliva, which con­ removal is required by State or local years beginning after the date of the enact­ tains nitrite, a substance that can be trans­ law as part of a program to control the ment of this Act. formed in the stomach into nitrosamines spread of Dutch elm disease. (i.e., carcinogens). American elms are an important fea­ 5. Consumerists are intimidating citizens ture of our urban landscape. They en­ into believing that the American food in­ hance our neighborhoods and increase TONY HANSON-WATERBURY'S dustry is a death-dealing institution-a FIRST NBA PLAYER dominantly political campaign. Here's what property values, as well as reducing ero­ the newsmen should be telling us: (a) that sion and air pollution. In cities they are the life expectancy of Americans is rising; especially desirable because of their HON. RONALD A. SARASIN in 1900 people were "old" at 40, dead at 50; adaptability to varied environmental OF CONNECTICUT (b) that cancer of the digestive organs has conditions. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES no consistent pattern-colon cancer is ris­ However, since Dutch elm disease was ing but stomach and liver cancers are de­ Thursday, June 16, 1977 clining; (c) that save for occasional allergies, brought from Europe in 1930, more than no known case of illness, let alone cancer, half of our American elms have been Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, there has has ever been traced to food additives. killed. The Northeastern States have lost been much talk in this Chamber in re­ This will do to show you how the failure more than 75 percent of their elms in cent months over the regional differ­ to provide context plays right into the hands urban areas. The disease has spread ences between what has been called the of our fanatical "Pl'Ohibitionists." The in­ through 41 States. sunbelt and the snowbelt. Much of formation is easy enough to get. My food Effective disease control programs re­ this discussion has centered around the facts and figures come from "Food, Nutrition quire prompt removal of afflicted trees. & You," by Fergus M. Clydesdale and Frede­ trend of many of the factories in the rick J. Francis, both scientists at the Uni­ In 1975 the Minnesota State Legislature Northeast moving to the South. versity of Massachusetts. It was published passed a law requiring property owners I am greatly concerned over this fact in 1977. Read it for fast, fast relief from to remove their trees when evidence of since this employment drain has had a irresponsible journalism. Above all it will the disease is found. Since early May negative effect on some areas of my dis­ show you that research and testing for food the Minneapolis Park Board has identi­ trict, notably Waterbury, Conn. safety are important but that the current fied more than 5,000 diseased elms which Well I would like to rise at this time standards are both politicized and insane. must be removed at an average cost of to say that Waterbury is again losing $300 per tree. another factory and that at least in this If these trees were damaged by hur­ case it will result in a Waterburian get­ ROBERT DEGREGORIO HONORED ricanes or fire, the owners would be al­ ,ting a new job. lowed to deduct casualty losses for in­ The reason for this turn of events, Mr. HON. EDWARD J. MARKEY come tax purposes. Yet under current Speaker, results from the fact that the ; OF MASSACHUSETTS law, they may deduct neither the loss factory we are losing is the scoring fac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of a valuable tree nor the cost of tree re­ tory better known as Tony Hanson. Tony moval required by State law for disease will be leaving his hometown of Water­ Thursday, June 16. 1977 control. bury, Conn., to the more southerly city Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, may I I believe my proposal to permit a de­ of New Orleans, as their third round take this opportunity to extend the best duction for the cost of removal, as re­ draft choice in the recently completed wishes and congratulations of the House quired by State or local law, is a reason­ National Basketball Association talent of Representatives to Robert DeGregorio able way to subsidize the cost of com­ draft. on the occasion of his being honored by pliance, which is the essential element Tony's basketball prowess :first began his many friends for the many years of of the disease control program. The de- to draw attention to him when he was a June 16, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19615 student at Holy Cross High School. He by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Georgia. She is a graduate of the Uni­ set a school record of 1,222 career points now only needs to be put to good use. versity of Georgia and a member of Phi and was twice named to the all-State The second provision of the law which Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, and Kappa squad. I feel must be changed is the one that Delta Pi. She received a doctorate degree Continuing his point production as a penalizes those senior citizens who must in home economics from Cornell Uni­ student at the University of Connecticut, work or would like to work to supple­ versity. As a home economist, she taught Tony set another school record of 1,990 ment their income. If they earn over at her alma mater, the University of points. As a senior he averaged 26 points $2,520 a year in wages, their social se­ Georgia, and performed scientific re­ a game and was the lOth leading scorer curity benefits are reduced. The Federal search until her retirement in 1974. in the Nation. Government should not be in the busi­ Dr. Mize is a member of the Daughters Tony's selection by the Jazz makes ness of penalizing those who are at­ of the American Revolution, the Ameri­ him the first player ever from Water­ tempting to earn an income that will can Home Economi=s Association, and bury, Conn. to be drafted by a National allow many of them to remain financial­ the National Retired Teacher's Associa­ Basketball Association team and the first ly solvent. Especially when many of the tion. She has authored over 30 scholarly pln.yer to be selected from a New Eng­ elderly, under our present economic con­ publications in her field of study. Pres­ land school this year. ditions have found that they must sell ently she serves as State librarian for the Mr. Speaker, it almost goes without their homes and their cars in order to Georgia Daughters of the American saying that Waterbury's good wishes go make ends meet. Revolution. Her achievements are far too with Tony Hanson and I am confident Everyone should have the right to numerous to recite today. that he will continue to display his great work as well as receive minimum social Suffice it to say that Dr. Jessie Mize is skills as a professional player. security benefits. CUrrently, a minimum a great Georgian. Her work serves as a of 2 million workers and their depend­ monument to her achievement and serv­ ents between the ages of 65 and 71 are ice. It will survive for generations. I PROPOSED CHANGES IN SOCIAL discouraged from working because of praise her on the publication of her out­ SECURITY ACT this provision, but someone who might standing book, "The History of Banks earn $50,000 a year in stock dividends County." still get get full benefits. My bill calls for HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ liberalizing the earnings limitation by OF TEXAS raising it to $7,500 per year from the FEDERAL PUBLISHING, PRINTING, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES present $2,520 level. It would also provide AND INFORMATION POLICY SEMI­ NAR Thursday, June 16, 1977 that the earnings limitation apply only to the principal beneficiary, while lower­ Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I am ing from 72 to 70 the age above which an HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON reintroducing a bill I first proposed in the individual's benefits would not be af­ last Congress to make several changes in fected as a result of this limitation. OF MARYLAND the current Social Security Act. The third point to which my bill is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When the original Social Security Act directed deals with the problem social Thursday, June 16, 1977 was passed in 1935, it was hailed as the security recipients encounter when they Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, on April20, answer to the financial problem for the wish to remarry. Many widows and wid­ 1977 I included in the REcORD a notice of elderly when they were no longer able to owers who decide to remarry find that a seminar on Federal publishing, print­ work, and over the years it has beerl a if they do so, they face a loss in bene­ ing, and information policy being spon­ great help to many people, and still is. fits. I am sure Congress did not intend sored by American University's College But times have changed, including our to place our senior citizens in such a of Public Affairs. I know this subject is of economic conditions, and there are sev­ dilemma, but the present law does just interest to many of our colleagues and eral aspects of the act which I feel ~re that. the other readers of the RECORD and I am unfair and hope to have changed throl,lgh Mr. Speaker, the measure I am pro­ pleased to report that the 2-day confer­ the bill I am offering today. posing calls for several changes in the ence held last month was flighly produc­ I feel strongly that there is a need for Social Security Act that I believe are tive and successful. I hope that it will a special senior citizen's price index for urgently needed to make this program use in adjusting social security paymepts. more responsive to those it serves and stimulate a more a.ctive awareness of Currently increases are based on the to make the retirement years of our the issues facing Federal printing, pub­ elderly truly golden ones. lishing, and information policy and I am changes in the Consumer Price Index, confident that it has contributed to the but I have heard from many of my con­ ultimate resolution of the outstanding stituents who are more adversely a1fe~ted by the changes in the economy than are issues in this area which are ceserving of TRmUTE TO DR. JESSIE MIZE consideration by all of us. refiected by the CPl. This is due to the Prof. Lowell H. Hattery of American fact that the basic necessities on which University is to be congratulated, along senior citizens are dependent rise faster HON. ED JENKINS with all of the other participants in the in a period of infiation than prices generally. OF GEORGIA seminar for their excellent work. I would One study done by the Senate Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESE..lllTATIVES like to include in the RECORD at this time Thursday, June 16, 1977 a summary of the conference prepared by mittee on Aging showed that, while prtces Professor Hattery and published in the rose by 12.2 percent in 1 year, the rate Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, I am ex­ May 1977 issue of Information Retrieval of increases for the greatest expenditures tremely proud to rise in this Chamber to and Library Automation: of older Americans-housing, food, pay tribute to Dr. Jessie Mize of Georgia medical care, and transportation...... sur­ FEDERAL PuBLISHING, PRINTING, AND INFORMA­ on the eve of a service to honor her in TION POLICY: FINDINGS FROM A SEMINAR passed the rate of infiation for all ~ther Banks County, Ga., and the release of her items in the Consumer Price Index by More than a hundred experts and partici­ book, "The History of Banks County." pants took a close look this month at Federal 29 to 43 percent. These four areas com­ Dr. Mize is a native of Commerce in Publishing, Printing and Information Policy, prise 80 percent of a senior citizen;s in­ Jackson Col:Ilty, Ga. She is an outstand­ identified problems and issues, and surfaced come, and it is obvious that when $ocial ing historian well recognized throughout several sharply-defined proposals for reform. security benefit increases are made based her native State for her love of history The occasion was a 2-day Institute, held at on the CPI, these increases are really not and her contribution to its study. American University in Washington, D .C. on providing for the elderly to keep pace It is only fitting and proper that Dr. May 12-13, with the cooperation of several with his true cost of living. Jessie Mize be honored on June 19, 1977, professional and trade associations. The !or­ I am proposing that a separate $enior which is Banks County Heritage Day. mat consisted of background papers, invited diScussants and question-comment input citizen price index be used, as well as re­ She has provided a delightful awaken­ !rom participants !rom public and private quire that adjustments in benefits be ing to our great heritage through her organizations in the United States and Can­ made on a semiannual basis. The index diligent study and excellent work. ada. I am referring to has been con.#ucted Dr. Mize is an outstanding woman of Several key findings and consensuses de- 19616 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1977 veloped which should provide guidance to 3. Legislative and executive branch print­ "out of sync." In the Institute proceedings policy -makers. ing/publishing should be administered sep­ it was demonstrated clearly that there is 1. Clear and consistent Federal policy arately- not just one major Federal printing/pub­ needed- Printing/publishing is the only executive lishing establishment-there are at least The call for coordination and consistency branch function controlled and administered two: the Government Printing omce and the in Federal information policy comes both in detail by a Congressional Committee and National Technical Information Service of within the Federal structure and from the its operational agency. the U.S. Department of Commerce. In fact private information industry. As President Wilson pointed out, and as the number of titles sold by NTIS exceeds Quincy Rodgers, an attorney and former many have subsequently affirmed, it is an those marketed by GPO. The policies of the staff member of the White House Domestic arrangement which contradicts the princi­ two great publishers are not common nor Council, affirmed the need for a national in­ ple of separation of powers. are they coordinated. formation policy in a Domestic Council re­ The arrangement by its very nature en­ There are many other smaller printing/ port subsequently published by the National genders conflict, for dissemination of infor­ publishing centers. Changing information Commission on Library and Information mation is an inextricable component prec­ technology lS certain to proliferate such in­ Science (see IRLA October 1976). He argued ess of the executive agency's program mission dividualized programs. In itself, this may for the primacy of the Federal Executive fulfillment. Printing and publishing are es­ not be undesirable. The fact must be taken Branch in pollcy development in his remarks sential to carryi.ng out mandates from vari­ into account however in a redraft of Title to the American University audience: ous functional and appropriations commit­ 44, or in suggesting changes in the roles of "Policy is a process which involves Con­ tees of the Congress-yet are subject to de­ the Joint Committee on Printing and the gress and the Executive l:Jranch, regulatory tailed control by an administrative commit­ Government Printing Office. commissions and the courts. 01 these four tee of the Congress. Much is at stake. Bernard Fry, Library institutions, only the Executive Branch can The management logic of giving an agency School Dean and perhaps the nation's lead­ be expected to susta.ln a comprehensive ap­ control over the tools necessary to carry out ing student of Government Documents, proach. The courts and even the independ­ Congressional mandates is generally recog­ pointed up the importance of government ent regulatory agencies are for the most part nized. That this one exception to the princi­ publishing: bound to a case-by-case approach. They are ple exists, is due to COngressional inertia "Representing a significant and integral subject to jurisdictional limitations. The and the absence of a sumciently vocal public part of the national information resources, Congress can take comprehensive ap­ constituency to demand and support the government publications at all levels-Fed­ proaches only with gres.t dimculty and only needed legislative reform. eral, state and local-are today a major within the limitations imposed by the com­ 4. Government Printing Office takes "Be­ source of information in practically every mittee system. leaguered" stance- field of endeavor and are crucial to informed "A President is in the ·,>est position to es­ omctals of the Government Printing Of­ public decision-making. At the same time tablish broad policy goals and provide lead­ fice must perform in accordance with the government publications are recognized as ership. The objective is not a Presidency provisions of Title 44 and other legislation. probably the most neglected and under­ that dominates the policy process, which They are accountable direct to the Congres­ utilized information resources available to everyone seems to agree is inappropriate. sional Joint Committee on Printing. An ob­ the public. The root cause of this paradox The goal is a Presidency which makes that ligation to Executive Branch agencies and to lies in the diversity and confusion of gov­ process more rational by allowing a more the public (e.g., depository libraries) exists ernment policies and in the widespread lack comprehensive approach." of course but only in a subordinate rela­ of public awareness of the existence of gov­ Concerning the impact of consistency of tionship to administrative responsib111ty to ernment publications which might be of pollcy on private initiative, Rodgers added: Congress. value to them." "If there is to be innovation and competi­ GPO omcials rightly cite as a reason for tion, there must be some certainty about challenged policies or actions that they are the return that can be anticipated. No one simply operating in accordance with the law. wants to make investments or commitments For example, Deputy Superintendent of Doc­ KEY ENERGY DECISION where there is a possiblllty that the rules uments William J. Barrett told the Ameri­ of the game will be chs.nged or that govern­ can University Institute, after refening to ment itself will become a. competitor." a possible Congressional study of Title 44: HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. 2. Title 44 needs revision.- "If the study results in changes to the pres­ OF CALIFORNIA "With . • . over 80 years of experience ent law, be assuTed that the Public Printer with Title 54 of the U.S. Code," Edwin R. (and GPO) wlll follow it to the letter, just IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Lannon told the Institute, "you would think as they are doing now." Thursday, June 16, 1977 Federal printing and publishing policy Nevertheless, GPO omci-als seem to over­ would be wen understood and well codified. react to questions and challenges. This Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ Unfortunately this is not the case." Title 44 posture exacerbates the natural conflict er, one of the key energv decisions we will provides the legal setting for Federal print­ which exists between Congress and the be making this year will be presented in ing and publishing. It was last cod1.fled in Executive Branch, and makes accommoda­ the fiscal year 1978 ERDA authorization 1968. Lannon believes further that the law tion more difficult. This is regrettable espe­ bill, H.R. 6796. The Science and Tech­ reflects the influence of 19th century print­ cially in view of the exceptional efforts by ing technology. the present Public Printer to resolve many nology Committee chose to override the Although the provisions of Title n4 give of the specific differences which have President's decision to delay the com­ the Congressional Committee on Printing existed for decades. mercial demonstration breeder project at and the Government Printing Office very In April 1976, Thomas McCormick (the Clinch River. This was done bv including tight control over Exec-utive agency printing present Public Printer), established an In­ $117,000,000 in the bill above and beyond and publishing, the law has not been chal­ teragency Council on Printing and Publica­ the President's $33.000.000 budget re­ lenged in the courts. However, President tions Services. He told the Institute: Woodrow Wilson, who was a political scien­ quest for operating funds for the Clinch "This is a high level 'Can-Do' committee. As tist and constitutional 1awyer, stated in a ... We are meeting at least monthly, and River demonstration project. a mem­ veto message to Congress: the results have been very productive. ber of that committee, I stronglv opposed "The Congress has the power and the "The Council reviewed and brought to that inclu'5ion, as a waste of badly needed right to grant or deny an appropriation, or resolution 29 of the 31 problems the agencies energy funds-a waste which only bene­ to enact or refuse to enact <;he law; but once · reported as having had with GPO over the fit those historically associated with the an appropriation is made or a law is passed, years. The Council activity represented project. I will offer an amendment to the appropriation should be administered or hours of meetings and additional effort by strike that excess funding, and I have the law executed by the executive branch of the Council members and GPO staft'ers. solicited my colleagues support with the the Government. In no other way can the While not always in agreement, they sought following "Dear Colleague" which I have Government be emciently managed and re­ a common goal-to improve the Government sponsibility definitely fixed. The Congress printing and distribution programs. Their inserted for the REcORD. I should note has the right to confer upon its committees efforts represented a classic case of inter­ that I do not offer this as an "anti­ full authority for purposes c.f investigation governmental cooperation.' " nuclear" amendment, or even an "anti­ and the accumulation of information for Its 5. It's time for a closer, "system" breeder" amendment. I support strong guidance, but I do not concede the right, examination- nuclear development programs, includ­ and certainly not the wisdom of the Con­ Several converging and supporting condi­ ing breeder development, as necessary gress endowing a committee of either House tions le.ad inevitably to the need for a options for meeting our current and or a 1o1nt committee of both Ho11ses with comprehensive examination of the need for long-range energy needs. My amend­ power to prescribe •regulations• under which and means to achieve a rational, national executive departments may operate." information policy. ment does not remove base funding for It is reported that the COngress is in­ If the process of printing, publishing and the breeder program and I support ad­ creasingly sensitive to the deficiencies and information functions are viewed as inter­ ditions made by the committee in this anomalies of the basic law, and that an in­ related-as a system-it is clear that the area. I oppose only the premature com­ depth review of Title 44 is in the near offing. present laws, institutions and procedures are mercialization step, as wasteful of en- June 16, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19617 ergy funds and contradictory to our im­ total cost of nearly $3.5 billion for simul­ of Fast Flux Test Facillty data, and new de­ portant goals of negotiating more effec­ taneous development of the two LMFBR signs for breeder technology, we will prob­ tive nonproliferation agreements. projects would be an extraordinary amount ably be in a better position to intelligently to spend !or this one type of breeder reactor commercialize sometime in the future, if we The letter follows: considering the present proliferation con­ choose to do so. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, cerns. The LMFBR does not offer the possib111ty Washington, D.O., June 16, 1977. Proceeding now with the CRBR on the of tower energy prices. The LMFBR would DEAR Co~LEAGUE: I a.m writing to ask you hope of later developing adequate technical have significantly higher capital costs than to support deferral of the commercial and institutional safeguards is not a pru­ the light-water reactors currently being demonstration phase of the two billion dollar dent course. The pause in the commercial­ built, which would make beeder electricity Clinch River Breeder Reactor (CRBR) proj­ ization program will allow us to investi­ more expensive. An economic advantage for ect as recommended by the Administration. gate both possible technical safeguards and the LMFBR due to reduction in fuel cycle The House Science and Technology Com­ improved design for the LMFBR and tho costs would be unlikely in this century or mittee voted 19-11 to continue this com­ feasibllity of alternate advanced converter in the early decades of the next century. mercialization program, which I feel is a reactors and nuclear fuel cycles which may Moreover, the energy contribution from even grave miStake. When the ERDA authoriza­ be more proll!eration resistant. For example, accelerated breeder commercialization would tion bill comes to the fioor next week, I will slightly modified versions of todays light or be minuscule in this century. introduce an amendment to reduce funding heavy water reactors operated on a de­ Many other reasons exist for supporting for the CRBR from the $150 million in the natured uranium-thorium fuel cycle would the President's position on the CRBR. These committee bill to the $33 million requested cut uranium consumption by a factor of two include the fact that it has been plagued by by the President for termination costs and to four while using a fresh fuel no more tremendous cost escalation, that it has an completion of preliminary design. attractive to potential bomb builders than obsolete and inappropriate design, and that I have served on the Science and Technol­ the current low enriched uranium fuel. The it has complex and controversial contractual ogy Committee and the Joint Committee investigation of these alternatives wlll be and management problems. Further, there on Atomic Energy, and I have voted in the possible only if we delay a premature com­ are those who believe that the entire ques­ past for the Clinch River project funds. The mitment to LMFBR technology which Clinch tion of a plutonium economy is a moral reasons why I now support the President's River represents. issue of great importance. My letter has in­ decision to defer the CRBR are given as fol­ The pause will also allow time to reach dicated that funding CRBR now is irrespon­ lows. international agreements to reduce the dan­ sible on both fiscal and national sec1.rr1ty First, the United States cannot credibly ger of nuclear weapons proliferation. The grounds, and the project cannot be defended negotiate for a limitation on nuclear weapons United States has launched a major diplo­ on any economic or energy demand basis. proliferation if we proceed now with a proj­ matic effort to persuade other countries to While I do not believe that one need agree ect aimed at early placement of the breeder avoid premature commercialization of a with all of the arguments against the CRBR. reactor in the commercial economic sphere. plutonium based economy. An International taken together they make up a compelling This 1·eactor uses separated and pur1.fied plu­ Fuel Cycle Evaluation Program is being set argument to support the President in his tonium as a fuel component. Once plu­ up in which supplier and buyer countries decision to defer this commercialization tonium is available in separated form, the jointly explore ways to make nuclear tech­ project. potential exists for nations or terrorists to nology more proliferation resistant or find I urge you to support my amendment to build bombs within days. Others have argued other ways to meet both world energy and HR 6796, the FY 1978 ERDA Authorization that bombs (of even higher efficiency) can security needs. We are not asking France blll, to delete $117 mlllion for the Clinch be made of plutonium obtained without and Germany to forego their breeder pro­ River Breeder Reactor in accordance with commercial nuclear fuel recycle or a breeder grams, but we do want them to restrict sales the recommendation of the President. economy. This is true, but a plutonium sepa­ of sensitive nuclear technology to nonweap­ If you have any questions on this mat­ ration facm ty in a civilian power program on states. We should not be too hasty in ter, please call me or my staff. I will be gives a country an "instant" weapons capa­ pre-judging the success or failure of the sending you further information before the b111ty as a byproduct. 'fhe warning time President's initiatives; for example, both vote. available for the rest of the world, in which Germany and Britain have delayed their de­ Sincerely, to react to a nation's decision to produce cision on a commitment to the next stage in GEORGE E. BROWN, Jr., bombs, becomes vanishingly short. the breeder reactor development. Also, Member of Congress. Proceeding now with a breeder commer­ France has indicated a reconsideration of cialization project would signal the United their sale of a plutonium reprocessing plant States acceptance of the world-wide use of to polltically unstable Pakistan. The fund­ DISTINGUISHED CAREER OF MR. plutonium under the woefully weak existing ing of the CRBR by Congress would under­ Wn..LIAM F. FARELL international safeguards. The resulting un­ mine our credibility in these international controlled proliferation of nuclear weapons negotiations. could eventually present a grave security The second major reason for deferring the HON. MARK W. HANNAFORD threat to our nation. Local or regional dis­ breeder commercialization program is that putes, when charged with nuclear threats, the breeder as an energy source is not need­ OF CALIFORNIA would continuously draw into confiict the ed as soon as we once thought, primarily be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES major nuclear states, destabilizing our never cause the current estimate of nuclear capac­ Thursday, June 16, 1977 secure detente arrangements. Arguments ity in the year 2000 is less than one third about the need for sustained energy sources of what the estimate was when the CRBR Mr. HANNAFORD. Mr. Speaker, it is in the next century tend to pale in impor­ wa.s originally authorized. Coupled with the with a great deal of pleasure that I re­ tance in a world where a nuclear weapons ERDA estimate of United States uranium re­ count the distinguished career of Mr. capability could spread to many nations and sources, a pause in the commerciallzatlon William F. Farell, executive vice-presi­ even terrorists. In spite of this foreign policy prcgram is totally justified, as outlined by dent and general manager of the Long dimension, the Science and Technology Dr. Schlesinger in his testimony before the Committee dld not even hear from the State Science and Technology Committee (which Beach Transportation Co. Department in its hearings on this breeder I inserted in the June 13 Congressional Rec­ Mr. Farell will be leaving the company project. ord, pg. E3706). He stated that with reason­ on June 30, after a long and enviable With my amendment, the Administration able assumptions on uranium supply and calling in advancing the cause of inex­ will still continue research and development energy demand, the breeder demonstration pensive, reliable public transportation. on the liquid metal fast breeder reactor program can now be pcstponed anywhere He has been the principal operating of­ (LMFBR) at roughly half of a billion dol­ from seven to thirty years. It seems the ficer of the Long Beach Transportation lars annually, so that this energy option will height of folly to cling blindly to a schedule Co. since 1963 and achieved a fortuitous be maintained. Commercialization can go which was planned when we fores~w the ahead when negotiations for an interna­ demand three times greater than we see now changeover from private to public owner­ tional framework for plutonium use are for the year 2000. Schlesinger pointed out ship of the bus line in that year. completed, or when the energy need becomes that the cost-benefit ratio of the CRBR is Mr. Speaker, this gentleman's history overriding. Under the President's recom­ not favorable when the commercialization of accomplishment while managing the mended budget, the advanced nuclear pro­ program is no longer required, and that with Long Beach Transportation Co. alone is gram alone receives as much money as solar falling demand projections early commer­ staggering. Mr. Farell has earned the es­ energy and energy conservation research and cialization is not in the interest of the very teem of his colleagues by beginning his development put together. The $1.2 billion utilities which were the targets of the dem­ life's work from the bottom up, first as a Fast Flux Test Facllity development at Han­ onstration. If a careful study in the next ford, Washington, which uses liquid metal decade indicates less uranium, renewed ac­ track maintenance engineer for the coolant and tests fast breeder fuels, will celeration of electrical growth, and no viable Dallas Railway and Terminal Co., and continue and begin operation in 1979. The long-term energy alternatives (we do have then as a driver, mechanic, and sched­ results from its experimental program coal as a temporary backup), then the plu­ uling clerk in Dallas and Los Angeles. should precede, not coincide with, the de­ tonium commercialization deferral decision As an officer of the Pacific City Lines sign and construction of the CRBR. The can be reexamined. With the accumulation between 1940 and 1951, Mr. Farell reha- 19618 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1977 bilitated and operated bus properties in lating my observations of conditions I fear the agency now may be careening too Eureka, Inglewood, and Stockton, Calif., faced by Americans in Mexican jails. I far in the other direction. and in El Paso, Tex. Later, he owned and was unavoidably delayed in reaching the And further, with respect to the Office operated transit companies in Santa Fe House fioor for the vote on House Reso­ of Strategic Planning which Commis­ and Roswell, N. Mex., before becoming lution 640, a rule waiving certain points sioner Franklin supported in concept: general manager of the Santa Monica of order against the bill H.R. 7554, De­ I am quite uncomfortable with the bur­ Municipal Bus Lines. He spent 9'h years partment of Housing and Urban Devel­ geoning growth of this omce and its lack of there, and as the periodical Bus Ride opment-Independent Agencies Appro­ specific fo:::us. It seems to be evolving into a states in a 1971 testimonial: priations Act, 1978. Had I been present, I sort of hodge podge of functions whose over­ The Santa. Monica. story is known the world would have voted "yes." riding objectives are increasingly diftlcult to around; Fa.rell had the pleasure of being able discern and justify. to see his hard work culminated in one of the Should the Congress decide to reduce most remarkable turnarounds in transit his­ administrative funds, Chairman Bying­ tory. His expert marketing know-how and in­ APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR telligent philosophy of management made 1978-CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFE­ ton will have an opportunity to make the Santa. Monica's transit ridership the highest TY COMMISSION agency truly efficient and well managed in its history. and to demonstrate his administrative skills, creativity, and ingenuity in elimi­ Since assuming operating control of HON. BOB ECKHARDT nating marginally productive and dupli­ the Long Beach Transportation Co., Mr. cative activities. Farell has doubled annual ridership OF TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I look forward to a creative and good from 7 to 14 million passengers while faith effort on the part of the agency reducing fares from a high of 50 cents Thursday, June 16, 1977 to reduce its administrative expenses. per trip to the current 25 cent cost. Mr. ECKHARDT. Mr. Speaker, I com­ Deft paper shuftling-for example, Senior citizens and handicapped indi­ mend the Appropriations Committee for changing the manner in which funds viduals can "ride the big blue dream­ recommending a budget for the Con­ are accounted for, or changing employee liners" of Long Beach for a thin dime sumer Product Safety Commission which titles without changes in actual work in each direction, and students can reflects the committee's belief that more performed-are techniques which could travel by bus at a reduced rate during emphasis should be placed on standards be utilized to create the appearance of all hours, every day of the week. I am and surveillance rather than other compliance with the admonitions of the sure that few other transit companies activities such as information and edu­ Congress. I would not presume to speak nationwide can match the level of serv­ cation. While I might set different levels for the members of the Appropriations ice provided by the Long Beach Trans­ of funding for specific activities, I con­ Committee, however, I am confident portation Co. for the prices charged. I cur wholeheartedly with the committee's that such an approach would be highly am equally sure residents of Long Beach central purpose to focus Commission re­ criticized by the members of the Com­ recognize that Mr. Farell's fine manage­ sources on the mission of the agency-to mission's authorizing and legislative ment techniques have made bus riding reduce the risk of injury associated with committee. We are concerned that the a real bargain. consumer products-and to discourage agency responsibly and effectively carry The city of Long Beach is proud of those activities which make a marginal out its mission of reducing the risk of in­ its new bus terminal facility, which re­ or uncertain contribution to accomplish­ jury to consumers. We would view as ir­ sembles a bank more than it does a ga­ ing the central mission of the agency. responsible any window-dressing efforts rage. It ig even prouder of the zippy The committee report provides "Ad~ which have the effect of preserving a electric-powered DASH buses which ministration is reduced 29 positions and flabby administrative operation at the shuttle businessmen and shoppers alike $1,000,000 below the budget request," and expense of the regulatory activities of around and through downtown Long explains that the reduction is made in the Commission. Beach. And services for handicapped light of the committee's concern with the riders, which include a "dial-a-bus" sys­ disproportionate level of CPS'C re­ tem comanaged by the Diamond Cab sources devoted to the administrative Co. and a fleet of brand new "kneeling functions. The comrhittee's concern is CONGRESS AGAIN REFUSES TO buses" which make passenger boarding readily understandable when one looks at CLEAN UP THEIR

Popular vote Electoral vote Popular vote Electoral vote Approxi- Actual Modified district Approxi- Actual Modified district mate mate Vote percent Vote Percent Vote Percent Vote percent Vote Percent Vote Percent

1972 1956 Nixon ______47, 170, 179 61.0 521 97 526 89 McGovern ______29,171,791 38.0 17 3 62 11 Eisenhower______35, 579, 190 58.0 457 86 463 80 1 1. 0 0 0 0 0 Stevenson______26,027,983 42.0 74 14 116 20 0.0 0 0 0 0 ~~~~~~======' m: ~n TotaL ______61,607, 173 100.0 2 531 100 1579 100 TotaL ______77,727,590 100.0 538 100 588 100 1952 1968 Nixon ______31,770,237 43.0 301 56 339 58 Eisenhower ______33,666,062 55.0 442 83 425 73 Humphrey ______31,270,533 43.0 191 35 192 33 Stevenson ______27,314,987 45.0 89 17 156 27 Wallace ______9, 897,141 14.0 46 9 57 9 Others ______------239,910 0. 0 0 0 0 0 TotaL ______60,981,049 100.0 531 100 581 100 TotaL ______73, 177,810 100.0 538 100 588 100 1948 Truman ______24, 105,695 50.0 303 57 342 59 1964 Dewey ______21,969,170 Johnson ______43,128,956 62.0 486 90 516 88 45.0 189 36 187 32 Goldwater ______27,177,873 38.0 52 10 72 12 Thurmond______1, 169,021 2. 5 39 7 39 7 Wallace______1, 156, 103 2. 5 0 0 413 '2 Total------______70, 306, 829 100.0 538 100 588 100 TotaL ______48, 399,989 100.0 531 100 581 100 1960 Kennedy ______34,221,349 50.0 303 56 295 50 50.0 219 41 278 47 ~~~~~==~======~ 34, ~~: ~n 0. 0 15 3 14 3 TotaL ______68,939,765 100.0 t537 100 587 100

1 Because Alaska and Hawaii had not officially achieved statehood for electoral purposes, special • Source of information, hearings on electoral reform conducted by the Judiciary Committee in legislation was passed giving each State 3 ~lectors. Thus, there were 435 Representatives, 96 February and March of 1969, does not elaborate on just how the "uncertain" category came to be Senators and 6 electors for Alaska and Hawan. . uncertain under a district plan. l Alaska and Hawaii were not yet States. Thus, 435 Representatives and 96 Senators, a total of Note: It should also be remembered that the emphasis on equal population congressional 531. · · · . d 2 I I districts was not reflected in elections until after the redistricting mandated by the court decisions 3 Under the district plan, Senator Byrd, ~f V1rgm1a, would have rece1ve e ectora votes as a of the late 1960's and the census of 1970: therefore, the electoral vote-popular vote disparity from result of carrying 2 districts in South Carolina. 1972 on, under the modified district plan, will be even less.

H.J. RES.- mental authority in the District designated of President and the omce of Vice Pres~ent. Joint resolution proposing an amendment by the Congress. The popular votes so cast in such election to the Constitution of the United States "SEc. 2. Persons voting in an election for shall be tabulated by each State and the to establish a new procedure for the elec­ President and Vice President in a State shall District. Each State and the District shall tion of the President and Vice President have the qualifications requisite for electors report to the Congress the results of such of the most numerous branch of the legis- tabulation in accordance with procedures Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep- lature of that State. Persons voting in an which the Congress shall by law establish. resentatives of the United States of America election for President and Vice President in The results of such popular election shall in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each the District shall have such qualifications as determine the number of electoral votes House concurring therein), That the follow­ the Congress or a governmental authority each pair of candidates receives in accord­ ing article is proposed as an amendment to i:a the District designated by the Congress ance with section 5. the Constitution of the United States, to be shall prescribe. "SEc. 5. There shall be one electoral vote valid only if ratified by the legislatures of "SEc. S. For purposes of an election for for each congressional district established three-fourths of the several States within President and Vice President, each candidate pursuant to section 7 of this article, two eeven years after its submission by the Con­ for the omce of President shall be paired electoral votes for each State, and fifty tlec­ gress: with a candidate for the office of Vice Pres!- toral votes for the nation at large. The Dis­ "Article- dent. In any such election no candidate may trict shall have a number of electoral votes "SECTION 1. The Congress shall by law des­ be paired with more than one other person. equal to the whole number of Senators and ignate the day upon which each election for Each State, and in the case of the District, Representatives in Congress to which the President and Vice President shall be held. the Congress or a governmental authority in District would be entitled if it were a State, The times, places, and manner of holding an the District desl~nated by the Congress shall but in no event more than the least popu­ election for President and Vice President in prescribe requirements for entitlement to lous State. each State shall be regulated by the le;sisla­ inclusion on the ballot in that State or the "In an election held as provided In secticn ture of thst State~ except that the Con­ District and shall prescribe procedures by 4, the pair of candidates receiving the high­ gress m!l.y at any time by law make or alter which persons shall indicate their wUUng- est number of popular votes in a congres­ such regulations. In the case of the District ness to be joined as candidates. slonal district shall receive the electoral vote constituting the seat of Government of the "SEc. 4. On the day designated for holding for that congressional district. The pair of United States (hereinafter in this article re­ an election for President and Vice President, candidates receiving the highest number of ferred to as 'District') , the times, places, and the voters in each State and in the District popular votes in a State shall receive the two manner of holding such an election shall be shall each cast a single vote for two persons electoral votes for that State. The pair ot regulated by the Congress or by a govern- who are paired as candidates for the omce candidates receiving the highest number of 19622 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1977 popular votes in the District shall receive the THE ENERGY POLICY CALAMITY bec<>lne. Quotas, tariffs, price controls, taxes, electoral votes for the District. The pair of regulations-each has taken a toll. It is folly candidates receiving the highest number of to believe that the same people who created populat· votes cast nationally, if at least forty HON. J. WILLIAM STANTON this mess can now improve the situation by percent, shall receive the fifty electoral votes OF OHIO tightening their grip over every single energy at large. The pair of candidates receiving a resource. majority of electoral votes which are received IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SENSmLE ANSWER by all pairs of candidates shall be declared Thursday, June 16, 1977 The only sensible answer is to begin dis­ by the Congress to be elected President and mantling existing controls, beginning with Vice President. Mr. STANTON. Mr. Speaker, the news price controls over oil and natural gas and "If in consequence of an election no pair media continued this week to devote con­ including repeal of the energy blll that Pres­ of candidates receives a majority of electoral siderable time and space to congres­ ident Ford, in a tragic error, signed in De­ votes as provided in the preceding paragraph, sional handling of President Carter's en­ cember 1975. then of the two pairs of candidates receiving ergy plan. Fallacy No. 3: The United States has al­ the highest number of popular votes cast na­ One day's coverage dealt with the fact most exhausted its supplies of fossil fuels. tionally, the pair of candidates receiving the that the gas-guzzlers tax would be The President is crying wolf th~ same way higher number of popular votes in a congres­ that other governmental agencies have in the sional district, State, or the District shall re­ dropped. On another day, attention was past. In 1914, 1939 and again in 1949, re­ ceive the electoral votes for such congres­ given to a congressional committee's sponsible governmental officials predicted a sional district, State, or the District, and the mandate that no American home could quick end to domestic oil supplies, and pair of candidates receiving the highest be sold after 1985 unless the home were every time they were wrong. number of popular votes cast nationally, if insulated according to Government reg­ What we have learned over t,ime is that at least forty percent, shall receive the fifty ulation. This latter mandatory control increases in demand, when allowed to work electoral votes at large. The pair of candi­ could be issued despite the fact that our in the marketplace, have brought increases dates receiving a majority of electoral votes in supply. Between 1950 and 1970, for ex­ which are received by both pairs of candi­ Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs amole, the known oil reserves of the U.S. in­ dates in such retabulation shall be declared Committee has received testimony that it creased by over liOO percent. Even now, as by the Congress to be elected President and would be physically impossible to pro­ the National Academy of Engineering has Vice President. duce the material to comply with the pointed out, we have only recovered about "If there is a tie when all electoral votes future regulation. Furthermore, it would 30 percent of the oil from known reservoirs have been retabulated, the pair of candidates be highly infiationary in its impact. by relying on low-cost technologies; with receiving the higher number of popular votes In the 1ight of these developments, Mr. higher prices and greater return on invest­ in the greatest number of States shall be de­ Speaker, it was refreshing to read last ment, it should be possible to recover much clared by the Congress to be elected Pres1· week an article in the Wall Street Jour­ of the remainder. dent and Vice President. If each pair of can­ To hold prices below market levels, as we didates ·receives the higher number of popu­ nal by the highly respected former Sec­ have in the past, wlll only increase reliance lar votes in the same number of States, the retary of the Treasury, William Simon. on OPEC and leave us more vulnerable to pair of candidates receiving the higher num­ Whether you agree or disagree with Mr. foreign blackmail. We can impose a windfall ber of popular votes cast nationally shall be Simon's conclusion, I believe it behooves profits tax on funds that aren't plowed back declared by the Congress to be elected Presi­ all of us to stop and think for a moment into new investment. It may not be popular dent and Vice President. For purposes of this about what we are doing and how we to support higher profits, but it makes no paragraph, the District shall be considered to are doing it. sense to continue pouring our money into be a State. Mr. Simon's article follows: OPEC so that we can withhold it from our "The Congress shall by law prescribe the own producers. manner of tabulating electoral votes and of THE ENERGY POLICY CALAMrrY Fallacy No. 4: Because our fuels are al­ announcing the results of each such tabula­ (By Wllliam Simon) most exhausted, we must rely primarily upon tion. "Our National Energy Plan is based on rigid conservation. "For purposes of this section, 'popular 10 fundamental principles," President C9.r­ Conservation is critical, and in recent years votes cast nationally' means popular votes ter soberly announced. "The first principle the U.S. has made important progress in cast in all the States and ·the District. is that we can have an effective and com­ that direction. Recent FEA figures show that "SEC. 6. The Congress may by law provide P!ehensive energy policy only if the gov­ from November 1973 to November 1976, ener­ for the case of the death, disability, or with­ ernment takes responsibll1ty for it.... " gy consumption dropped by 6 percent in the drawal of any candidate for the office of From that statement onward, it's all been industrial sector. While some of that drop President or for the office of Vice President downh111 for the President's proposals. Why? may be due to economic conditions, there is also some evidence that energy/GNP ratios before a popular election is held as provided Fundamentally because the President and in section 5 or after such a popular election his advisers, although acting with the best have improved, indicating significant con­ is held and before a President and Vice Presi­ intentions, have chosen the worst of the servation. Further progress can and should solutions. Instead of relying upon the dy­ be made through better home insulation, dent have been declared elected by the Con­ more efficient auto engines and the like. gress in accordance with section 5, and for namism of a free market and a free people, they have noininated the government as our Conservation alone, however, is only half the case of the death of both the President· an answer; the other half must be a deter­ elect and the Vice President-elect. The Con­ national energy s!l.vior. Let's look at 10 basic fallacies that, in mined national effort to increase pr duction gress may by law provide for the case in f!,nd accelerate development of new technol­ which a President and a Vice President are my judgment, lie at the foundation of this 10-part plan. ogies. Even Professor Lawrence Klein, the not chosen before the beginning of a term President's chief economic adviser during the of office, declaring who shall then act as Fallacy No. 1: The country has no com­ prehensive policy for dealing with energy. 1976 campaign, has said that "the energy President or the manner in which one who package is very negative in being so wholly is to act as President shall be selected, and Contrary to the President's frequent as­ concentrated on restricting demand. . . . It such person shall so act until a President sertions, the country has long had a com­ prehensive energy policy. It's just been the might have been better to tailor it more to qualifies. increasing supply." "SEc. 7. Each State shall by law establish, wrong policy. For more than 20 years the government has increasingly tried to regu­ Fallacy No. 5: The President's program for the election of Representatives in Con­ contains ample incentives for new oil and gress and for purposes of section 5 of this late the energy industry so that prices were natural gas production. article, a number of districts equal to the artificially held below market levels. Con­ By permitting higher prices for newly ob­ number of Representatives to which such sumers, the intended beneficiaries, have ng,t­ urally increased their demands, but produc­ tained oil and natural gas, the NEP does in­ State is entitled. All ·such districts shall be deed represent a step forward. But if this is established by the States at such intervals ers have gradually curtailed their. output. deregulation, as proposed by candidate Car.. as the Congress shall by law provide. Any Demand for natural gas, the most clearcut ter, then understanding the proposal re­ such districts in existence on the da.te of example, has risen spectacularly since the quires more imagination than I possess. the adoption of this article shall be consid­ Ph1llips decision of 1954 (legalizing wellhead Consider the position of the producers. In ered to be established pursuant to this sec­ price regulation of natural gas), but drill­ the case of "new, new oil," the price is to be tion. ing for new domestic wells peaked in 1961 raised over three years to the world price and has "SEc. 8. The Congress shall have power to and production been sliding downward thereafter tied to domestic inflation. If the enforce this article by appropriate legisla­ since 1970. recent past is any guide, however, energy tion. Fallacy No. 2: More governmental control production costs wm rise more rapidly than "SEC. 9. This article shall apply with re­ is the only solution to the current crisis. the' national inflation rate, so that the gov• spect to any election of a President for a term History shows that the more the govern­ ernment will once again be artlfici·ally de­ of office beginning more th9.n one year after ment has tinkered with the intricate mar­ pressing prices. In the case of natural gas, the adoption of this article.". ketplace machinery, the worse things have the new price proposed by Mr. Carter is still June 16, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19623 below the market price and the price controls once again our commitment to a free, dy­ appear and the people remain. It is our he wants to extend to intrastate natural gas namic society. strength in this land that all of us, regard­ would bring its prices down-and provide a On one point, at least, I find myself in less of origin, color, race, creed, profession, disincentive for producers. agreement with the National Energy Plan. position, wealth have a duty to perform in Fallacy No. 6: On questions of energy ·and The President has predicted a calamity in tending to the needs of our brothers and the environment, it is possible to have our energy. By adopting this program, that's ex­ sisters. cake and eat it, too. actly what we'll get. It is sometimes amusing that we come upon It is misleading for the administration to great historical moments the way we do. My pretend that our energy goals can be met wife could not be here today. Her sister in without some relaxation of overly strict Georgia is ill and she may have to leave for existing environmental and pollution stand­ K. LEROY ffiVIS ELECTED SPEAKER her side at any moment, but I said to Cathy ards. OF THE PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF this morning as I was putting that cervical Strip mining legislation, non-degrad'ation collar on, "You realize, sweetheart, we are standards for air pollution and a generally REPRESENTATIVES about to make history," and she looked up activist approach to environmental issues from the dresser drawer where she was rum­ will all inhibit production of new coal, which maging around and said, "All I realize is that is the keystone of the President's production HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD you've run out of blue socks." You need a plan. How can industries and ut1lities be ex­ OF PENNSYLVANIA wife like that. It is like having my mother pected to switch to coal 1t they can't burn it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES say, "Don't let it go to your head." because of poliution restrictions, 'and pro­ Seriously, I am very touched by your re­ ducers can't produce it because of environ­ Thursday, June 16, 1977 ception of me. I feel most sincere and warm mental restrictions? Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. and I shall do nothing to betray your faith It is clearly necessary to protect the en­ Mr. Speaker, on May 23, 1977, the Hon­ and your trust. I have said these things to vironment, but it is also imperative to strike the individual caucuses. I will make mistakes. a sensible balance between economic and orable K. Leroy Irvis was unanimously elected Speaker of the Pennsylvania Any that you feel I have made, please come environmental tradeotfs. and tell me. Fallacy No. 7: The President's program will House of Representatives. One of my members said, I have a persist­ introduce greater certainty into energy Thoroughout his career of service to ent feeling that you aTe a liberal and that production. the people of Pennsylvania's 19th legis­ you will never see my point of view. I said, In view of the regul•a.tory explosion of the lative district which is in the city of "Come in and try it," and I repeat that to past decade, this claim is batHing. By defini­ Pittsburgh and is part of my congres­ all of you. tion, more bureaucracy means more uncer­ I feel blessed in many ways that I am able tainty. In just three years• time, the FEA has sional district, Mr. Irvis has earned the respect of both the citizens of his com­ to disagree with a man or woman wit hout tied producers and consumers in knots. They disliking him or her. There 1s no one in the can never be certain what they can do and munity and of the State for his intellect, fairness, and his legislative ability. hall of this House to whom I will not talk what they can't. The petro:eum industry al­ and to whom I w111 not listen, be it Republi­ ready must file about 600,000 forms a year I have known Leroy Irvis for many can or Democrat, whether he comes from an with the FEA. years; I respect him greatly and value urban area or a non-urban, whether he or Fallacy No. 8: The President's program will his friendship. It is with great pride that she agrees with my philosophy or not; I will be equitable to consumers. I inform this body of the election of Mr. Where is the equity in a program in which talk and I will listen and I will learn, for you consumers of heating oil get rebates but K. Leroy Irvis, the first black man to hold all taught me much. other home owners do not? Where consumers the office of Speaker of the Pennsylvania You here today have done honor to this of natural gas continue to receive govern.­ House of Representatives. country and to its concepts. You have elected mental subsidies but electricity users do not? I now wish to include in the RECORD not a black man to be Speaker of the House Where larger industrial users of gas and oll remarks made by Mr. Irvis on the occa­ of Representatives but, more importantly, are heavily taxed but small firms are not? sion of his election: you have elected a man who just happens to be black, and that is the direction that thJs And where industries and utU!ties pay widely SPEAKER PRo TEMPORE PRESENTS SPEAKER dltferent taxes depending on how well they country must continue to go in. fare in extracting exemptions, exceptions and The SPEAKER pro tempore. I have the We must continue to search out the in­ special permissions from a G8-15 in Wash­ honor of presenting the Honorable K. Leroy dividual values in men and women and leave Irvis, Speaker of the House. ington? the residual ones, such as how tall or short, THE BIGGEST TAX INCREASE THE SPEAKER-K. LEROY IRVIS-IN THE CHAIR how light or dark, how quiet or how articu­ late, how educated or not, the person may be Moreover, the administration has signified The SPEAKER. I thank you very much, Mr. DeMedio and I thank you sincerely for pre­ relegated to secondary consideration. that it intends to pwt the $70 billion or more I have had a reason for asking each per­ of rebates to other purposes--perhaps to pay siding on this occasion. My mother died in 1952, a relatively young son to second my nomination or perform for welfare reform, tax reform, or just to a task, and someday when we have a little balance the budget. It would be more honest woman, just 52 years of age, and I ha.d been graduated from high school at about 14¥-z more time, I will tell you some of the rea­ 1! 11t admitted this could be the biggest tax sons. But I will tell you two of them. I chose increase in U.S. history. yea.rs of age and had won a number of awa.r¢1; my mother said to me words way Mr. Pancoast because when I served with Fallacy No. 9: Adoption of the Carter pl~ him and he was in the majority, I learned will have only minor economic impact. back in 1934 which, even though I know she had died in 1952, I heard clearly here this how fair a man can be and how dedicated to There is a gathering consensus that t)le search for the truth. He taught me that. I NEP would mean higher inflation, lower pro­ afternoon. She said, "No matter how many awards you have won and no matter how chose Helen Gillette because she taught me a ductivity, a cutback in energy usage ap.d long they applaud, don't let it go to your Lesson a few years ago when she came into more stagflation. Indeed, those who h~-ve head." It w1ll not. my otnce and said, "Why is it that the only recognized the slmllarities between the r~­ You o.nd I face troublesome times. This assl.gnments I get are inferior ones? Is it be­ ommendations of the NEP and the Ford is not the way I had hoped to come to tbls cause I am a woman that you keep over­ Foundation study earlier in the '70s think position, but no matter what happens to looking me?" And I apologized to her and that the NEP will inevitably bring the same you or me as an individual, the people con­ said that I have been guilty. I will try not result envisioned by the Ford Foundat~on tinue to exist and to have needs and their to make the mistake ever again. But I had a study: an era of "no growth." government must continue to serve them. reason !or each person and I will not bore Fallacy No. 10: The free market cannot. be I have ·come to this otnce not to cause more you with the recitation of the others, but as expected to overcome the energy crisis. turmoil, not to raise further dissension but, each person rose, I ticked off the reason in my Of all the mistaken notions underlying hopefully as the Speaker of the House of mind. the President's program none is more e~e­ Representatives--not the Democratic Speak­ Let me say this in closing: There has been gious than this one, for it assumes that bur er; the Speaker of the House of Representa­ a question in the minds of the public as to country no longer has the ingenuity or ~he tives--to heal some of the wounds and to the probity of this public service and there dynamism to work its way out of crisis. 'lfuis mend some of the breaks and aid just a little has been a question raised as to the secret view, tlmld and cramped, is fair nelthe~ to bit in moving us forward to do the job the sources of income which a leader may have. our past nor our future. people vrho sent us here expect of us. I am going to follow the suggestion of a Our recovery from the whale oil criB~ a I have an enormous respect for the wisdom friend of mine on the Republican side of century ago and breakthroughs in electricity and the capabUities of the people. I know the aisle who said, "Why do you not just tell and then in petroleum are striking examples eventually that the people wlll succeed and the whole world what you told us?" I am go­ of what the U.S. can accomplish in relying I know it as surely as I know I live. They ing to dolt now so that there can be no ques­ upon individual initiative and private enter­ may be betrayed and they may be misled and tion of that in the future. prise. We can do it again today 1! we reject they may be lied to and cheated, but those I earn income from three sources: One this unhappy vision of America and a.1Jlrm who betray and mislead and lie and cheat dis- !rom being a Representative; another from 19624 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1977 being an associate of Rose; Schmidt, Dixon, wages it would otherwise-but will In thi.s day and age, moreover, many high­ White and Hasley, a large law firm in Pitts­ receive the classroom services of special­ ly skilled professionals cannot, or will not, burgh; and a third, and the rather minor ists, working productively in their own work full time-either because they have part of it, 1:1.s a consultant to a black-owned fields. other responsibilities or because they prefer and black oriented radio chain. I have no spending more time at home than a full­ solicitorsh1ps and no other sources of income. It seems that many teachers heartily time job allows. A woman, for example, who I tell you the final fact. My wife and I cur­ endorse the programs proposed by the is an excellent instructor in her specialty, rently owe $4,046 in back taxes, and, as I Committee for Part-Time Teaching. I may decline full-time work because she has stand here, I do not know how I am going to know that, in my own district, similar a young child to look after, but might be pay it. So much for my income situation. programs seem to be working well. To willing to teach just three cl.a.sses a. d9.y 1n You have not elected a hidden millionaire. varying extents, the programs are being that subject alone. Similarly, teachers of I pledge to you that as long as I stand proven experience who are near retirement here, I wi11 stand here to honor this position implemented in the Mount Diablo, Mar­ tinez, Walnut Creek, and Pittsburg or partially disabled could keep on contribu­ and not to deface lt. As long as I stand here, ting their skills on a part-time basis. I will do my best to deal justly with each School Districts. I am very encouraged Last spring. the Committee for Part-Time one of you with each problem as it arises. that my constituents are becoming in­ Teaching placed a small classified ad ln the You will help me do that. If you see me creasingly aware of the merits of perma­ school system's weekly newsletter inViting slip, you remind me. I am sure Miss Sirianni nent part-time teaching methods. responses from full-time teacllers who mlgh t has taken that to heart. As a member of the .Education and be illterested in switching to part-time work. I again thank you for the honor, but I Labor Committee, I know very well that This modest notice drew replies from more suggest now that we get on with the busi­ than 100 active teachers-most of them vet­ ness of this day for there is important busi­ we need de:;perately to look into possi­ bilities of future improvements in the erans with 10 to 30 yea.."S of service in the ness for us to do before this session can classroom. A frequent response was: ''I'm close this year. I intend that we shall be education system in our country, under tired." about that business. the "foresight" provision empowered to Most working people are "tired" after 30 We shall be in session tomorrow and the us. But, in addition to the interest of our years on any job, but teacher fatigue poses following day and in voting session in the committee in these matters, I know the a special problem. Indeed, it should be of morning and in caucuses in the afternoon. rest of my colleagues want to improve the particular concern to parents. Though they system of education in our country. In are few and far between, worn-out teachers this spirit, I present these ideas in the can adversely affect a child's education. REcoRD, for everyone's perusal and use. A typical high-school English teacher SOME FORESIGHT: PERMANENT comes into contact with nearly 180 students PART-TIME TEACHING I insert the entire text of the L-os each day as their instructor or personal prob­ Angeles Times column be printed in the lem-sol..-er. At home each night, this same RECORD: teacher may grade dozens o! student essays HON. GEORGE MILLER PART-'l'IME TEACHERS CoULD BE FULL-TIME s.nd prepare separate lessons for each of to­ ASSET morrow's five classes. A part-time teacher OF CALIFORNIA (By Sandra Krist and Suzette Cohen) would have a lighter load, dealing with few­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Permanent part-time employment has er students during the day and fewer essays Thursday. June 16, 1977 proved remarkably useful for most groups at night. Isn't it reasonable to expect that that have tried it. For five years, nevertheless, compared to a teacher who feels "tired," a Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. part-timer would arrive at school the next the Committee for Part-'l'ime Teaching has morning with more enthusiasm and greater Speaker, some weeks back, I read a very worked to establish such positions in the Los exciting column in the Los Angeles Angeles City schools-a.ll to no avail. patience to give your child? Times, written by Sandra Krist and Board of Education members, administra­ Increased teacher enthusiasm could a.llevt­ tors, union officials and teachers themselves at.e some of the school district's personnel Suzette Cohen, founders of the Com­ problems. With the 1.ntroduction of perma­ mittee for Part-Time Teaching. As the have, a.s individuals, expressed broad agree­ ment with the committee. Yet the board has nent part-time .1 ob.s, the district should ex­ column accurately states, in the Los perience a decline in teacher absenteeism Angeles area and other areas throughout done nothing so far to put this reasonable, money-saving idea. into practice. Temporary and in requests for interschool transfers that the country, "temporary part-time part-time jobs already exist, but disputes over are so di-sruptive. teaching jobs already exist, but disputes salaries and promotions require the estab­ (The Harvard Business Review in 1973 re­ over salaries and promotions require the lishment of a clear-cut policy for permanent ported a study of a Massachusetts program establishment of a clear-cut policy for part-timers. involving permanent part-time state jobs permanent part-timers." Part-time arrangements are appropriate to and found a decline in absenteeism and both elementary and secondary schools, but worker turnover, along with an Increase 1n The establishment of permanent part­ perhaps the simplest way to see how part­ productiVity. Such dividends are bound to time teaching programs could be a great time jobs would work is to look at a typical mount up when the practice takes root in advantage to many school districts. And, high-sobool schedule. Teachers in these our schools.) it appears such programs would cost the schools instruct a different group of students Student enrollment is already falling in every hour. Thus, the teacher's day is al­ Los Angeles, as elsewhere, and w1ll continue school districts no more than temporary to do so in the years ahead-declining birth­ part-time programs. rea.dy structured as a series of separate classes, which could just as easily be shared rates t-ell us that. This will result in an even Substantial research by the Commit­ by two teachers working part time on a per­ greater surplus of full-time teachers than we tee for Part-Time Teaching points out manent basts as assigned to a single, full­ have now-at a time when the public is iu­ that "many highly skillec teaching pro­ time instructor. ereasingly reluctant to spend more for e«u­ fessionals cannot, or will not, work full If nothing else, the use of part-time teach­ cation. time because they have other resJ;>on­ ers·offers school administrators much-needed The creation of part-time assignments of­ scheduling flexibility. For example, such spe­ fers a way out of this fiscal dilemma. When sibilities." Many teachers simply have one full-time poSition is apportioned between become "tired.. after 10, 20, 30 years of cialized subjects as French are studied by fewer students than is English or U.S. his­ two part-timers, not only are trained educa­ service. And, perhaps most importantly, tory; indeed three classes in French may tors freed from the unemployment line but teachers, at least at the high school level accommodate all the students at a given high the district can also save money in the and, to a lesser degree, a~ the elementary school who want to learn it. But since the process. school level, are specialized. So, while full-timer must teach five classes per day to It is axiomatic, of course, '(;hat teachers present full-time teachers may teach, for meet the schools' employment requirements, close to retirement customarily earn twice as the French .specialist has to instruct two much as a beginner. If veteran teachers at example, three courses per day in their the top of the pay scale-those most llkely specialty, they are required to teach two other classes in subjects for which be or she may be trained inadequately--often basic also, to feel "tired"--choose to work only additional courses which probably would courses, like English or math. part time, some of their classes could be as­ not be in their special :field. The natural Our question is this: Why can't the French signed to other part-timers who would be question of the Committee for Part-Time teacher be allowed to teach .tust t."ie three paid at lower rates. The upshot would be a Teaching is, "Why can't the French classes ip. French, while another part-timer cost saving for the district. teacher be allowed to teach just the three of appropriate background takes on those A permanent part-time teaching arrange­ classes in French, while another part­ "other" subjects, whether music or math? By ment cannot succeed, however, unless it 1s timer of appropriate background takes prorating the teachers' pay according to the fair to all concerned. Any such program, 4 number of classes taught, the school will as a therefore, must avoid the inequities facing on those 0ther' subjects?" By prorating whole end up paying the same total wages it Los Angeles teachers today when they take the teachers' pay according to the num­ would otherwise-but will receive the class­ leaves of absence from full-time duties to ber of classes taught, the school will as a room services of specialists, working produc­ work part time. That is the only option cur­ whole end up paying the same total tively in their own fields. rently available to teachers who wish to re· June 17, 1977 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 19625 duce their marking hours-an option that and would be anything but revolutionary­ for a. new coffee machine in the faculty obliges them to accept half pay for three­ Culver City, Glendale, Palo Alto and dozens lounge. Its adoption would be a boon to fifths of a normal workload, and to forfeit of other California school districts now have teachers, to be sure, but also to students and, opportunities for professional advancement. similar programs in effect. The school board not least of all, to those whom the public Introducing permanent part-time posi­ will be remiss if it continues to ignore this holds accountable for keeping a lid on school tions here would mainly require paperwork, proposal as if it were just one more petition costs.

SENATE-Friday, June 17, 1977

The Senate met at 11 a.m., on the ex­ mittees may be authorized to meet dur­ Senator from Kansas seek part of the piration of the recess, and was called to ing the session of the Senate today. minority leader's time? order by the Hon. GEORGE McGOVERN, 8. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Mr. DOLE. Yes, Mr. President, if I Senator from the State of South Dakota. pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. may have 5 minutes. Mr. STEVENS. I yield 5 minutes of PRAYER the minority leader's time to the Sena­ The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward ORDER OF BUSINESS tor from Kansas. L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following prayer: The ACTING PRESIDENT protem­ pore. Does the Senator from Alaska de­ Let us pray; sire recognition? CARTER SHOULD VETO SUGAR 0 Lord our God, we thank Thee for the Mr. STEVENS. I was waiting for the PROGRAM vision of the Founding Fathers of this majority leader, Mr. President. Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, strange as Republic, for Thy providential care over it may seem, President Carter, Secretary the Nation from generation to genera­ of Agriculture, Bob Bergland, and other tion, for leaders who arise in our midst administration spokesmen are all talking to rally the citizens in united purpose, EXECUTIVE SESSION about a possible veto of the Senate­ and for the fidelity of common people in Mr. F.OBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, passed farm bill. Despite promises made obscure places whose daily lives set for­ there is one nomination on the calendar in the campaign last year, President car­ ward Thy kingdom on Earth. Make us that is cleared for action. It appears un­ ter now says the Senate bill costs too worthy of our great heritage. Give us a der the Department of Justice. If the dis­ much. We all share the President's con­ solemn sense of national destiny. tinguished assistant Republican leader cern about fiscal responsibility, but his We thank Thee for the ministry of pure is ready to clear that, I ask unanimous rhetoric is hard to reconcile with the religion expressed in many forms, creeds, consent that the Senate go into execu­ proposal to spend $240 million on a sugar and liturgies shaping the faith and life tive session to consider that nomination. program which will be detrimental to of the people. May the current renewal There being no objection, the Senate both producers and consumers and which of religion help make America great proceeded to the consideration of execu­ will provide a windfall to large grower­ in spirit as she is mighty in power. tive business. processors of millions of dollars. We pray in the Redeemer's name. The ACTING PRESIDENT por tem­ Amen. It would be the suggestion of this pore. The clerk will state the nomina­ Senator that maybe President Carter tion. should veto the sugar program. APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ SOUR SUGAR PROGRAM DENT PRO TEMPORE By any standard, the Carter so-called The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE sugar program does not make sense. It will please read a communication to the The second assistant legislative clerk is so failure fulfilling as to almost defy Senate from the President pro tempore read the nomination of James W. Gar­ understanding. I predict that those who (Mr. EASTLAND). vin, Jr., of Delaware, to be U.S. attorney perpetrated this not-so-sweet error will The assistant legislative clerk read for the district of Delaware. deny parenthood. the following letter: Mr. STEVENS. There is no objection Has anyone on the floor of this body U.S. SENATE, t') this nomination. ever before heard of a sUPport price PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, Washington, D.C., June 17, 1977. The ACTING PRESIDENT protem­ program which does not have a support To the Senate: pore. Without objection, the nomination price? Has anyone ever before heard of Being temporarily absent from the Senate is considered and confirmed. a support price which drops as the mar­ on omcial duties, I appoint Hon. GEORGE Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, ket price falls? Well, we have now. Let us McGoVERN, a Senator from the State of South I ask unanimous consent that the Presi­ read from the proposed regulations Dakota, to perform the duties of the Chair which just became available: during my absence. dent be immediately notified of the con­ The level of support in this proposal is not JAMES 0. EASTLAND, firmation of the nomination. President pro tempore. more than 13.5 cents, per pound, raw sugar The ACTING PRESIDENT protem­ equivalent. which represents approximately Mr. McGOVERN thereupon took the pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. 52 percent of parity as of Aoril 1977. If the chair as Acting President pro tempore. average price received from the sale of sugar in the market place 1s less than 11.5 cents LEGISLATIVE SESSION per pound, the level of support will be less THE JOURNAL Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, than 13.5 cents. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President. I ask unanimous consent that the Sen­ If the price received for raw sugar ate resume the consideration of legisla­ I ask unanimous consent that the Journal tive business. dropped to 7 cents, then the alleged price of the proceedings of yesterday, Thurs­ supp.ort would be 9 cents. I believe the day, June 16, 1977, be approved. The motion was agreed to, and the Secretary of Agriculture is misreading The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Senate resumed the consideration of legislative business. the law. A price support means what it pore. Without objection, it is so ordered says. He is creating a legal fiction a!bout what a price support means. ORDER OF BUSINESS Has anyone on the floor of this body COMMI'ITEE MEETINGS Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, ever before heard of a program designed, Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I turn back my time. to protect pr.oducers as the President I ask unanimous consent that all com- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, does the said: