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Classic Papers That Gave Rise to the Field of Sleep Research & Abstracts from the 1St Meeting of the Association for The ClassiC PaPers that Gave rise to the Field oF sleeP researCh C l i C k t o v i e w M A I N M E N U abstraCts From the 1st meetinG oF the assoCiation For the PsyChoPhysiCal study oF sleeP C l i C k t o v i e w Classic Papers that Gave Rise to the Field of Sleep Research Table of Contents CLICK ON AN ARTICLE FOR FULL TEXT 1. Patrick GTWaG, J.A. On the effects of loss of sleep. 15. Simon CW, Emmons WH. Learning during sleep. The Psychological Review. 1896;3(5):469-483. Psychol Bull. Jul 1955;52(4):328-342. 2. Kleitman N. Studies on the physiology of sleep: I. 16. Dement W, Kleitman N. The relation of eye The Effects of Prolonged Sleeplessness on Man. Am J movements during sleep to dream activity: an Physiol. September 1, 1923 1923;66(1):67-92. objective method for the study of dreaming. J Exp 3. Bremer F. Cerveau « isolé » et physiologie du sommeil. Psychol. May 1957;53(5):339-346. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1935;118:1235-1241. 17. Dement W. The occurrence of low voltage, fast, 4. Loomis AL, Harvey EN, Hobart G. Potential Rhythms electroencephalogram patterns during behavioral of the Cerebral Cortex during Sleep. Science. Jun 14 sleep in the cat. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. May 1935;81(2111):597-598. 1958;10(2):291-296. 5. Davis H, Davis PA, Loomis AL, Harvey EN, Hobart 18. Hastings JW, Sweeney BM. A persistent diurnal G. Electrical reaction of the human brain to auditory rhythm of luminescence in Gonyaulax polyedra. Biol stimulation during sleep. J Neurophysiol. November 1, Bull. December 1, 1958 1958;115(3):440-458. 1939 1939;2(6):500-514. 19. Jouvet M, Michel F. [Study of the cerebral electrical 6. Nauta WJH. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep in activity during sleep.]. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil. rats. An experimental study. J Neurophysiol. July 1, 1946 1958;152(7):1167-1170. 1946;9(4):285-316. 20. Dement W. The effect of dream deprivation. Science. 7. Richter D, Dawson RM. Brain metabolism in Jun 10 1960;131:1705-1707. emotional excitement and in sleep. Am J Physiol. Jul 21. Evarts EV. Effects of sleep and waking on spontaneous 1948;154(1):73-79. and evoked discharge of single units in visual cortex. 8. Brazier MA. The electrical fields at the surface of the Federation proceedings. 1960;19:828-837. head during sleep. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 22. Webb WB, Agnew HW, Jr. Sleep deprivation, May 1949;1(2):195-204. age, and exhaustion time in the rat. Science. Jun 29 9. Moruzzi G, Magoun HW. Brain stem reticular 1962;136:1122. formation and activation of the EEG. Electroencephalogr 23. Schenck CH, Bassetti CL, Arnulf I, Mignot E. English Clin Neurophysiol. Nov 1949;1(4):455-473. translations of the first clinical reports on narcolepsy 10. Aserinsky E, Kleitman N. Regularly occurring periods and cataplexy by Westphal and Gelineau in the late of eye motility, and concomitant phenomena, during 19th century, with commentary. J Clin Sleep Med. Apr sleep. Science. Sep 4 1953;118(3062):273-274. 15 2007;3(3):301-311. 11. Kleitman N, Engelmann TG. Sleep characteristics of 24. Compston A. Idiopathic narcolepsy: a disease sui infants. J Appl Physiol. Nov 1953;6(5):269-282. generis; with remarks on the mechanisms of sleep. By WJ Adie, MD, FRCP. Physician to Out-patients, 12. Aserinsky E, Kleitman N. Two types of ocular motility the National Hospital, Queen Square, (London). occurring in sleep. J Appl Physiol. Jul 1955;8(1):1-10. (From a Thesis submitted for the Degree of MD in 13. Kleitman N, Engelmann G. The development of the the University of Edinburgh, on February 26, 1926). diurnal (24-hour) sleep-wakefulness rhythm in the Brain 1926: 49; 257-306 and The narcolepsies. By infant. Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1955;307:106. S.A. Kinnier Wilson. Brain 1928: 51; 63-109. Brain. October 1, 2008 2008;131(10):2532-2535. 14. Mangold R, Sokoloff L, Conner E, Kleinerman J, Therman PO, Kety SS. The effects of sleep and lack of sleep on the cerebral circulation and metabolism of normal young men. J Clin Invest. Jul 1955;34(7, Part 1):1092-1100. The content is in the public domain. Reproduced with permission from The Am. Physiol Soc. From Loomis AL, Harvey EN, Hobart G. Potential Rhythms of the Cerebral Cortex during Sleep. Science. Jun 14 1935;81(2111):597-598. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Reproduced with permission from The Am. Physiol Soc. Reproduced with permission from The Am. Physiol Soc. Reproduced with permission from The Am. Physiol Soc. Reprinted from Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1(2). Brazier MA. The electrical fields at the surface of the head during sleep. 195-204. May 1949, with permission from Elsevier. Reprinted from Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1(4). Moruzzi G, Magoun HW. Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. 455-473. Sep 4 1953, with permission from Elsevier 456 From Aserinsky E, Kleitman N. Regularly occurring periods of eye motility, and concomitant phenomena, during sleep. Science.;118(3062):273-274. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Reproduced with permission from The Am. Physiol Soc. Reproduced with permission from The Am. Physiol Soc. Kleitman N, Engelmann G. The development of the diurnal (24-hour) sleep- wakefulness rhythm in the infant. Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1955;307:106. The content is in the public domain. The content is in the public domain. Reprinted from Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 10(2). Dement W. The occurrence of low voltage, fast, electroencephalogram patterns during behavioral sleep in the cat. 291-296. May 1958, with permission from Elsevier. M Hastings, J. W., and B. M. Sweeney. 1958. Biol. Bull. 115: 440-458. Reprinted with permission from the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA. From Dement W. The effect of dream deprivation. Science. Jun 10 1960;131:1705-1707. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Reproduced with permission of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, from Evarts EV. Effects of sleep and waking on spontaneous and evoked discharge of single units in visual cortex. Federation proceedings. 1960;19:828-837; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. From Webb WB, Agnew HW, Jr. Sleep deprivation, age, and exhaustion time in the rat. Science. Jun 29 1962;136:1122. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Special articleS English Translations Of The First Clinical Reports On Narcolepsy And Cataplexy By Westphal And Gélineau In The Late 19th Century, With Commentary Carlos H. Schenck, M.D.1; Claudio L. Bassetti, M.D.2; Isabelle Arnulf, M.D., Ph.D.3,4; Emmanuel Mignot, M.D., Ph.D.3 1Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA; 2Department Of Neurology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; 3Stanford Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford, CA; 4Fédération des Pathologies du Sommeil, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, France Study objectives: To publish the first English translations, with com- convincing to conclude that they were likely each HLA-DQB1*0602 posi- mentary, of the original reports describing narcolepsy and cataplexy by tive and hypocretin deficient. Westphal in German (1877) and by Gélineau in French (1880). conclusions: The original descriptions of narcolepsy and cataplexy are Methods: A professional translation service translated the 2 reports from now available in English, allowing for extensive clinical and historical either German or French to English, with each translation then being commentary. slightly edited by one of the authors. All authors then provided commen- Keywords: Narcolepsy, cataplexy, JBE Gélineau, C. Westphal, late tary. 19th century, neurology, history of medicine, sleep disorders, motor dys- results: Both Westphal and Gélineau correctly identified and described control, excessive sleepiness/sleep attacks the new clinical entities of cataplexy and narcolepsy, with recurrent, self- citations: Schenck CH; Bassetti CL; Arnulf I et al. English translations limited sleep attacks and/or cataplectic attacks affecting 2 otherwise of the first clinical reports on narcolepsy and cataplexy by Westphal and healthy people. Narcolepsy was named by Gélineau (and cataplexy was Gélineau in the late 19th century, with commentary. J Clin Sleep Med named by Henneberg in 1916). The evidence in both cases is sufficiently 2007;3(3):301-311 o our knowledge, there are no published English translations comment: “The original French of this two-part article is writ- Tof the first clinical reports describing narcolepsy (in French, ten in an unusually loose style for late 19th century scientific 1880)1 and cataplexy (in German, 1877).2 The first author herein reports. It is somewhat like a slightly-edited copying of hasty (CHS) had a professional translation agency (Berlitz) translate notes on a physician’s note pad. Accordingly, it is difficult to these 2 reports into English, which he then edited, as described render in smooth English; we have in many cases sacrificed below. (A minimum of 2 language experts reviewed each trans- esthetics of style for accuracy.” Nevertheless, Passouant, who lated manuscript.) These historic documents richly describe re- wrote about Gélineau for the narcolepsy centennial, mentioned current, self-limited sleep attacks and/or cataplectic attacks in 2 that “Throughout his life, Gélineau wrote in a clear, alert, and otherwise healthy people. easy-to-read style.”3 It is evident that Gélineau astutely identi- Preliminary comments on the translations are as follows: fied and accurately named narcolepsy; he wrote an impressive First, all punctuations and italics come from the original articles. set of descriptions on narcoleptic sleep attacks and their con- Second, the article by Gélineau was twice as long as the article texts, and he provided a detailed and carefully reasoned differ- by Westphal.
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