São Demais Os Perigos Dessas Vidas? Diversidades Possíveis No Encontro Com a Diferença Como Problematização Da Segurança Pública Cidadã

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São Demais Os Perigos Dessas Vidas? Diversidades Possíveis No Encontro Com a Diferença Como Problematização Da Segurança Pública Cidadã UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE PSICOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM PSICOLOGIA THIAGO MELICIO São demais os perigos dessas vidas? Diversidades possíveis no encontro com a diferença como problematização da segurança pública cidadã. Rio de Janeiro 2014 Thiago Melicio São demais os perigos dessas vidas? Diversidades possíveis no encontro com a diferença como problematização da segurança pública cidadã. Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Doutor em Psicologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Pedro Paulo Gastalho de Bicalho Rio de Janeiro 2014 M522 Melicio, Thiago. São demais os perigos dessas vidas? Diversidades possíveis no encontro com a diferença como problematização da segurança pública cidadã / Thiago Melicio. Rio de Janeiro, 2014. 203f. Orientador: Pedro Paulo Gastalho de Bicalho. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, 2014. 1. Segurança pública - Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 2. Alteridade. 3.Rio de Janeiro(RJ) – Condições sociais . 4. Cartografia. I. Bicalho, Pedro Paulo Gastalho de. II. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Psicologia. CDD: 363.2 Thiago Benedito Livramento Melicio São demais os perigos dessas ruas? Diversidades possíveis de cidadania em uma segurança pública cidadã Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Doutor em Psicologia. Aprovado em 20 de fevereiro de 2014 ___________________________________________________________________ (Pedro Paulo Bicalho, Doutor, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ) ___________________________________________________________________ (Silvia Ramos, Doutora, Universidade Cândido Mendes - UCAM) ___________________________________________________________________ (Wagner Romão, Doutor, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP) ___________________________________________________________________ (Anna Paula Uziel, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ ___________________________________________________________________ (Cristal Aragão, Doutora, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ) Dedicatória Ao meu pai Pelos encontros. Pela forma com que se relacionava com a vida. Pela sabedoria compartilhada. Pelas músicas aos finais de semana. Pela maneira única com que reagia aos problemas. Pela maneira única com que usufruía das delícias e dos sabores das coisas. Aos diálogos que gostaria de ter tido pessoalmente e que a força do pensamento se encarregou de possibilitar. Seus carinhos e bons discernimentos estão sempre presentes nas conquistas e na energia que me move ao enfrentar novos obstáculos. Os afetos e imagens que nos uniram, continuam e continuarão nos unindo nesta e nas próximas caminhadas. Agradecimentos A tarefa de expressar gratidão às pessoas que me acompanharam nessa etapa de vida não é simples. Há sempre aqueles pormenores e aqueles fatos que não vêm à tona, mas que tiveram significativa importância. Há sempre os espaços em branco, os vazios e o que não encontramos palavras ou que a memória aciona quando estamos em outra sintonia, em outros contextos. Agradeço, portanto, a tudo aquilo que afeta; a tudo aquilo que fere e afaga e que dá cores e texturas ao que vivo em cada instante. Agradeço a todas as pessoas de hoje e de ontem, que mostraram mundos diversos e diferentes e que abriram novas portas possíveis ao sensível e racionalizável. Pensar essa pesquisa, pensar modos de ser e estar no mundo, é pensar pelos olhos, ouvidos, bocas e mãos de todos aqueles com quem tive contato ao longo desta trajetória. Agradeço à minha família. Ao meu pai, Pedro, que carrego no coração, e à minha mãe, Ivone, que sempre foi cuidadora, zelosa e trabalhadora e de quem sou ‘fã confesso’. À minha irmã Silvia e meu cunhado Mateus que sempre alegram o ambiente e que trouxeram ao mundo a minha querida sobrinha Luisa. À minha irmã Claudia, pelos bate-papos e trocas de ideia que foram fundamentais nos momentos bons e difíceis. Aos meus grupos de pesquisa, que foram três. O primeiro no início do doutorado, quando ainda contava com a sensibilidade da professora Angela Arruda, minha primeira orientadora, das professoras Lilian Ulup e Marilena Jamur, e dos meus colegas desde os tempos de mestrado: Cristal, Ana Carolina, Rhani, Roberta, Marcela e Thiago. O segundo e definitivo grupo de pesquisa, com meu orientador Pedro Paulo Bicalho e meus colegas: Janaína, Silvia, Kely, Bruno, Roberta, Ana Paula, André, Alexandre, Flávio e Jefferson. O terceiro e temporário grupo do doutoramento sanduíche na universidade de Dundee, com meus orientadores externos, professores Fernando Fernandes e Nick Fyfe e meus colegas: Letizia, Liz, Slawek, Kay, Ashtosh e Zane. Aos meus amigos de tempos outros e que continuam a manter viva a amizade: Carlão, Marco, Carol, Couto, Giovana, Sara, Bruno, Miramaya, Juliana, Marcelle, Murilo, Vé, Mateus, Ricardo, Buias, Cauê e Alê. Aos meus amigos de Rio, que me ajudam a desfrutar das belezas e do calor da cidade: Cristal, Emerson, Tato, Leona, Ritinha, Marcelo, Vinícius, Alexandre e Ronaldo. Sem vocês, a vida por aqui não seria possível. Aos parceiros da mandinga e da artimanha manhosa da angola: Guimes, Foguinho, Nêgo, Marco, Emerson, Murilo, Alder, Rogerinho, André, Pedrão e Marcelo. Ao pessoal da Celso Lisboa, que me proporcionou enorme aprendizado enquanto professor universitário, em especial ao Nei, Juliana, Yara, Cadu, Flaviany, Gabriel, Emmy e Narahyana. À Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), por ter concedido o suporte financeiro ao doutorado na UFRJ e ao doutorado sanduíche na Escócia. À diversidade de trocas e aos diferentes espaços que abriram suas portas e que proporcionaram entrevistas com pessoas em situação de rua, travestis e policiais militares. A todos aqueles que fizeram possível o intercâmbio da PMERJ na Escócia e Irlanda do Norte, como Fernando, Nick, cel. Robson, tenente-coronel Mauro e Pedro. Agradeço especialmente à Cristal, por todos os momentos que compartilhamos e que ainda iremos compartilhar na constante metamorfose da vida. Agradeço à professora Angela Arruda, que abriu as portas da UFRJ e fomentou novos ares na psicologia social. Agradeço de maneira especial ao meu orientador Pedro Paulo, que me acolheu em seu grupo, que sempre foi atento e prestativo e que me ensinou um novo jeito de observar as potências da vida, da pesquisa e do ensino acadêmico. Um agradecimento carinhoso à Leti, que compartilhou importantes e calorosos momentos nos últimos dois anos. Ao professor Fernando, por possibilitar a minha ida ao Reino Unido. Para além da orientação, forneceu imensurável suporte na chegada ao país, além de ótimos momentos de trocas e amizade. Agradeço muito também à Andrea, sempre meiga e presente. À Ritinha, que foi companhia constante na reta final, trazendo sempre situações e ideias inspiradoras. À Silvia Ignez que me forneceu amizade, bons encontros e novas possibilidades de trabalho. Não há palavras para agradecer. A todos e a tudo com que agencio a realidade que me cerca – que os espaços em branco sejam preenchidos com cada vez mais afetos e potências. Ao som dos acordes secos e molhados Quem tem consciência pra se ter coragem Quem tem a força de saber que existe E no centro da própria engrenagem Inventa a contra a mola que resiste Quem não vacila mesmo derrotado Quem já perdido nunca desespera É envolto em tempestade, decepado Entre os dentes segura a primavera (João Ricardo - João Apolinário) RESUMO MELICIO, Thiago Benedito Livramento. São demais os perigos dessas vidas? Diversidades possíveis no encontro com a diferença como problematização da segurança pública cidadã. Rio de Janeiro, 2014. Tese (Doutorado em Psicologia) - Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2014. O presente trabalho visa problematizar o campo de segurança pública carioca no sentido de averiguar o quanto se constitui enquanto território de acolhida ou eliminação das diferentes formas de expressão psicossociais presentes na contemporaneidade. O intuito é o de averiguar como os desafios de se viver em comunidade produzem demandas relacionadas à alteridade, ora no sentido de segregação e exclusão, ora no sentido de integração e valorização da pluralidade social. Para tanto, são trazidas as ferramentas teórico-metodológicas compostas pelas conceituações de produção de subjetividade, biopoder e cartografia, discutidos, entre outros, por Deleuze, Guattari, Foucault e Rolnik. Nessa direção, são eleitos diferentes dispositivos que, ao longo dos capítulos, permitem compreender como as redes discursivas, que sustentaram e sustentam as relações entre as instâncias administrativas, aparato policial e os diferentes grupos sociais, acabam por promover a supressão da diferença ou a propagação da diversidade. Primeiramente, há a exploração das práticas relacionadas ao capoeira e à categoria do “menor”, para averiguação de como as mentalidades colonialistas e escravocratas atuam nas políticas de disciplinamento dos corpos e de gestão população. Posteriormente, são discutidas as continuidades e transformações nos paradigmas de segurança, do golpe militar de 1964 aos dias atuais, com o objetivo de dimensionar as raízes do imobilismo político no campo brasileiro da segurança. Após, são promovidas pontos de interface e estranhamento,
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