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Qtractor – a Audio/MIDI Multi-Track Sequencer

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Qtractor – a Audio/MIDI Multi-Track Sequencer Qtractor – A Audio/MIDI multi-track sequencer Rui Nuno CAPELA rncbc.org [email protected] Abstract sequencer for MIDI, thus currently being a Linux- only application. There are not known intentions Qtractor is a MIDI/Audio multi-track sequencer on support to any other platforms. application written in C++ around the Qt4 toolkit Qtractor is free open-source software, licensed using Qt Designer. The initial target platform will be Linux, where the Jack Audio Connection Kit under the GPL and is welcoming all collaboration (JACK) for audio, and the Advanced Linux Sound and review from the Linux Audio developer and Architecture (ALSA) for MIDI, are the main user community in particular and the public in infrastructures to evolve as a fairly-featured Linux general. Desktop Audio Workstation GUI, specially dedicated to the personal home-studio. 2 Installation Keywords 2.1 Requirements Linux, audio, MIDI, JACK, ALSA, multi-track, The software requirements for build and run- recording, sequencer time are listed as follows: 1 Introduction Mandatory: As a new Linux Audio offering, Qtractor targets ● Qt4 (core, gui, xml) [2] and positions itself comfortably tagged as for the ● JACK [3] techno-boy bedroom home-studio. However, in ● ALSA [4] general, it is just yet another digital audio and ● libsndfile[5] MIDI multi-track composition and arranger software application. The design and functionality Optional (opted-in at build time): model takes as fundamental the now usual multi- track composing techniques for modern music- ● libvorbis (enc, file) [6] making. It aims to be intuitive and easy to use. ● libmad [7] Unfortunately, for the classic and erudite ● libsamplerate [8] musician, there are and will be no plans to integrate any kind of score editor. Qtractor is tentatively to be a part of the Linux 2.2 Download home-studio. Even though built on a monolithic Qtractor is still in alpha stage of development, application architecture, it is not about to be the but already fully functional. The source code is whole of it. Besides its name, it should be noted publicly available from sourceforge.net CVS that it is not the same kind nor genre of that once repository [1]. called as tracker software. However, it has all the possibilities to be as much the same playground. 2.3 Build Currently the hobby work of one developer, The standard procedure for source distributions development has started circa 2Q2005, initially as based on autoconf follows, through the usual a Qt3 application. Since October 2006 it's ./configure && make && make install, which officially a Qt4 application. It is still a work in will end installing the qtractor binary executable progress project. and desktop icon files. It is natively hardwired and exclusive to the JACK audio infrastructure and the ALSA 2.4 Configuration The main presentation window includes the usual menu, toolbars with common action icon- Qtractor holds its run-time settings and buttons, and the main application workspace configuration state per user, in a file located as where one finds the track list on the left and the . $HOME/.config/rncbc.org/Qtractor.conf track time scale ruler at the top of the main Normally, there is no need to edit this file, as it is arranger track view, which is where main action recreated and rewritten every time is run. qtractor takes place and tracks and clips are graphically displayed. 3 GUI Core application functionality is complemented Qtractor user interface design is thought as with a couple of top-level floating windows: the mainstream and standard as it could be on modern mixer window, resembling a mixing console which computer desktop environments. The presentation assists in the control and monitoring operations, layer is supposed to be easy for the average user to and the connections window, featuring integrated interact and to discover the full potential and inter-application device connectivity. functionality of the inner core application layer Two utility windows are additionally featured: (i.e. Audio and MIDI engines, in a nutshell). the messages window, specially suited for Figure 1 shows an overall aspect of the GUI, debugging, and the files window where audio and with example session loaded into the workspace. MIDI files are organized and selected on demand. Figure 1: Actual GUI aspect showing the Tracks, Mixer, Connections and Files windows. Dialog windows for editing session and track working arrangement session. File items can be properties are also accessible in their proper drag-and-dropped directly into the track window, context. Finally, session and application thus creating new clips in the working configuration options are assisted through arrangement. respective customizing dialogs: buses, instruments Audio file support is the same as from the and options. required libsndfile (wav, aiff, flac, au, etc. [5]) and, optionally libvorbisfile (ogg [6]) and libmad 4 Sessions (mp3 [7]). MIDI file support covers the usual SMF Qtractor sessions are defined as the complete formats 0 and 1, through native, home-brew and internally descriptive state of an arrangement implementation. made with the software. This state description is 6 Tracks and Clips materialized in document form, as a XML encoded file. A session is therefore the computational Clips are fully described as elemental items of a description of all properties, variables, references session arrangement, being either integral or and parameters of all audio and MIDI files and partial parts of existing audio and MIDI material, plug-ins that composes the working musical stored on external formated files. arrangement, put together while working with the As is, Qtractor is technically described as a non- software. destructive sequencer and arranger. It does not Effectively, sessions are formed by one or more affect, alter or modify in any way, none of the tracks, which in turn includes their respective and audio or MIDI files that are loaded and represented fundamental elements, the clips. All possible and as clips. Files resulting from capture and recording relevant information is stored in the session file, operations are the notable exceptions. Once making it perfectly possible to restore the current created, the recorded files are thereafter loaded as working session at a later time. Sessions can thus usual. All editing operations are accomplished in be created as new, saved and loaded on demand, as exclusive parametric form, having no resemblance found usual on document based GUI applications. whatsoever on the file system. Qtractor is a SDI application, only one session can Audio clips are representations of the whole or be loaded for work at anyone time. part of a single audio file. MIDI clips are It is important to note that Qtractor sessions are representations of a sequence of events of one locked hard to one, and only one, fixed audio single MIDI channel, as extracted from a SMF signal sample-rate, exactly the one the JACK [3] format 0 file or one single track, as from a SMF server is running at the time the session is started. format 1 one. Any attempt to convert disparate sample-rate Clip properties may include its label (name), sessions are doomed to unpredictable and curious start time (location), offset and length (in frames), results. However, audio clip files are automatically fade-in and fade-out length (in frames), converted on playback in real-time to the host respectively from the start and end of the clip. sample-rate (via libsamplerate [8]). Although fade-in and fade-outs are always Another restriction worth mentioning is that displayed as straight lines, the actual audio volume sessions have constant tempo (BPM) by current (gain) and MIDI velocity effect can be opted to be design decision, but can be otherwise changed at of either linear, square or cubic characteristic. any time. However, it must be still regarded as a Clips are placed on tracks, either by importing global property of the whole musical arrangement, integral audio and MIDI files as new tracks or by that meaning there is no support for a tempo map, drag-and-dropping files into the track-view yet. arranger window. After being initially placed on their respective tracks, clips are object targets to 5 Files featured clip-region operations: drag-move, copy, Sound file selection is made available through a cut, paste, delete, etc. Altering clip fade-in and tabbed mini-organizer and a convenient widget. fade-out is also carried out by dragging Audio and MIDI file lists are kept separated on corresponding visual handles. their respective tabs. Files can be explicitly added Most clip editing operations are carried out with and grouped into a hierarchical tree list. Individual the usual GUI interaction, by first selecting one or files can be explicitly drag-and-dropped from the multiple clips and/or regions and applying the edit desktop environment and within the provided tree action upon the resulting selection. Three selection list. This lists all the files which are referred in the modes are available: clip, range and rectangular modalities. In clip-mode, clips are selected as a Figure 2 shows the conceptual block diagram whole with no sub-clip regions possible. In range- that outlines, in a very simplistic form, the logical mode, clip regions are selected on all tracks audio and MIDI signal flow. between a given time interval or range. In rectangular-mode, only the regions that fall under Record a rectangular area are selected, that meaning for adjacent tracks and clips only. Input Buses Tracks may be armed for recording, making way Input Ports for creating new audio and MIDI clip files with captured material. Tracks can also be muted and In soloed on mix-down. Most editing operations should be possible while playback is rolling (but Tracks not completely safe though; there are many Clips procedural helpers, but not completely assisted with lock-free primitives, yet).
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