Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 107 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

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E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 107 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 148 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2002 No. 132 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was last day’s proceedings and announces Texas where he was born and in Indi- called to order by the Speaker pro tem- to the House his approval thereof. ana where he resides with his family. pore (Mr. ISAKSON). Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- Reverend Thrift has always helped f nal stands approved. those who are less fortunate. He has assisted juveniles who had drug problems DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER f and alcohol problems, and he also PRO TEMPORE PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE spends his time giving comfort to those The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Will the who have been hospitalized. fore the House the following commu- gentleman from Washington (Mr. INS- Mr. Speaker, it is a great honor for nication from the Speaker: LEE) come forward and lead the House all of Indiana and myself to have Rev- WASHINGTON, DC, in the Pledge of Allegiance. erend Thrift present the prayer today October 9, 2002. Mr. INSLEE led the Pledge of Alle- in the United States House of Rep- I hereby appoint the Honorable JOHNNY giance as follows: resentatives. ISAKSON to act as Speaker pro tempore on this day. I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the f United States of America, and to the Repub- J. DENNIS HASTERT, CHILD ABDUCTION PREVENTION Speaker of the House of Representatives. lic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. (Mr. LAMPSON asked and was given f f permission to address the House for 1 PRAYER minute.) The Reverend Robert A. Thrift, St. ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER Mr. LAMPSON. Mr. Speaker, on Bernice Baptist Church, Terre Haute, PRO TEMPORE Monday, the House passed H.R. 5422, Indiana, offered the following prayer: The SPEAKER pro tempore. The the Child Abduction Prevention Act. Heavenly Father, it is indeed a privi- Chair will receive 10 one-minute As the founder of the Congressional lege to share in the opening ceremony speeches on each side after the gen- Caucus on Missing and Exploited Chil- of a daily session of the Congress of the tleman from Indiana (Mr. KERNS) is dren, I would like to thank my col- United States of America. recognized for 1 minute. leagues for coming together to pass Yet it is an awesome privilege to f this important piece of legislation. come confidently into Your presence to The provisions of a bill that I intro- ask for help in times like these. WELCOMING THE REVEREND duced, the Secret Service Child Protec- We give You praise and thanksgiving ROBERT A. THRIFT tion Act, were included in the bill. for who You are, what You are like, (Mr. KERNS asked and was given Many people do not know this, but the and all You have done for us individ- permission to address the House for 1 Secret Service does more than protect ually and collectively. minute and to revise and extend his re- the President. They help find missing Thank You for the heritage we have marks.) kids. I wanted to make sure that they as one Nation under God. Forgive us in Mr. KERNS. Mr. Speaker, I am are able to continue assisting inves- departing from You. May we return pleased today to welcome Robert A. tigators, and I worked hard to have the and remain true to that heritage. Thrift from St. Bernice, Indiana, as our Secret Service bill included in this For the Members of Congress we pray guest chaplain. overarching bill. The Secret Service is that wisdom would enter each heart, Reverend Thrift has been pastor of that understanding would be their de- a key player in the effort to reunite light and that discretion would guard St. Bernice Baptist Church for 8 years. families and to protect children. and guide them in all their delibera- He has four wonderful children: Paul, The U.S. Secret Service provides re- tions. Janie, Ann, Carrie; and seven beautiful sources, expertise, and other assistance We bring these petitions and praise grandchildren: Mason, Tyler, Paige, to local law enforcement agencies and You because the kingdom, all power, Carson, Claire, Courtney, and Cole. His to the National Center for Missing and and all glory truly belong to You. son Paul and grandson Carson are, in Exploited Children in cases involving In Thy name, Amen. fact, with us today. missing and exploited children. How- f Reverend Thrift graduated from ever, even though the partnership is Houston Baptist University where he strong, there was a clear need to pro- THE JOURNAL received his BA. He is also a graduate vide explicit statutory jurisdiction to The SPEAKER pro tempore. The of Southwestern Baptist Theological the Secret Service to continue this fo- Chair has examined the Journal of the Seminary. He has been a pastor both in rensic and investigative support upon

b This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., b 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

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VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7306 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 request from local law enforcement or wage, and we need to pass a Medicare will now put the question on motions the National Center for Missing and prescription drug benefit that lowers to suspend the rules on which further Exploited Children. The bill that we drug prices and covers all seniors. We proceedings were postponed on Mon- passed on Monday will do just that. need to extend unemployment benefits day, October 7, in the order in which Mr. Speaker, I thank my colleagues for those people that have lost their that motion was entertained. for working together so that we may jobs and are now seeking some relief Votes will be taken in the following hopefully help prevent further abduc- from our government. Let us do the order: tion and exploitation of children across right thing before we adjourn. Let us H.R. 5542, by the yeas and nays; America. help working families. H.J. Res. 113, by the yeas and nays; f f H.R. 3580, by the yeas and nays; H.R. 5557, by the yeas and nays. EXHAUST ALL OUR OPTIONS REMARKS MADE DURING IRAQ The Chair will reduce to 5 minutes BEFORE WAR DEBATE the time for any electronic vote after (Mr. INSLEE asked and was given (Mr. WU asked and was given permis- the first such vote in this series. permission to address the House for 1 sion to address the House for 1 minute f minute and to revise and extend his re- and to revise and extend his remarks.) marks.) Mr. WU. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman BLACK LUNG CONSOLIDATION OF Mr. INSLEE. Mr. Speaker, this week from Indiana (Mr. HOSTETTLER) made ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSI- I will vote against a unilateral, ill- remarks at 10:30 last night which I BILITY ACT timed, go-it-alone war on another na- think are deserving of being brought The SPEAKER pro tempore. The un- tion. back to this House in the light of day. finished business is the question of sus- We do not owe Saddam Hussein any He said, Today a novel case is being pending the rules and passing the bill, more time. We do not owe him any- made that the best defense is a good of- H.R. 5542, as amended. thing. But we do owe our soldiers and fense, but is this a power that the The Clerk read the title of the bill. our Marines, our sons and our daugh- Framers of the Constitution meant to The SPEAKER pro tempore. The ters, every effort to try every means pass down to their posterity when they question is on the motion offered by before war; and it is clear that we have sought to secure for us the blessings of the gentlewoman from Illinois (Mrs. not yet exhausted all of our options be- liberty? I think not. BIGGERT) that the House suspend the fore opening the door to war. Then he went on to quote from the rules and pass the bill, H.R. 5542, as We will not allow the pain of last founding of our country, the very be- amended, on which the yeas and nays September to spread a cloud of fear ginning, the Minutemen facing the are ordered. that would shroud our judgment, our British and the Commander John The vote was taken by electronic de- sense of international justice; and we Parker, Do not fire lest fired upon, but vice, and there were—yeas 404, nays 0, must not be distracted from the war on if they mean to have a war, let it begin not voting 27, as follows: terrorism in which we are already en- here. gaged. [Roll No. 448] It is a notion that is as least as old as YEAS—404 We will equal the power of our Armed Saint Augustus’ war thesis, and it finds Abercrombie Capps Etheridge Forces with the force of our principles; agreement with the Minutemen and and one of those principles is that Ackerman Capuano Evans the Framers of the Constitution. We Aderholt Cardin Everett America should lead an international should not turn our back today on the Allen Carson (IN) Farr coalition, not just go it alone. This is millennia of wisdom by proposing to Armey Carson (OK) Fattah the American way. Baca Castle Ferguson send America’s beautiful sons and Bachus Chabot Filner f daughters into harm’s way for what Baird Chambliss Flake might be. Baker Clay Fletcher THE ECONOMY Baldacci Clayton Foley These words spoken late last night (Ms. SOLIS asked and was given per- Baldwin Clement Forbes deserve consideration by this body and Ballenger Clyburn Ford mission to address the House for 1 this Nation. Barcia Coble Fossella minute.) Barr Collins Frank Ms. SOLIS. Mr. Speaker, the war de- f Barrett Combest Frelinghuysen bate this week is one that deserves our Bartlett Condit Frost ANNOUNCEMENT OF INTENTION TO Barton Costello Gallegly careful attention, but our economy OFFER A MOTION TO INSTRUCT Bass Cox Ganske does, too. CONFEREES ON H.R. 4546, BOB Becerra Coyne Gekas While Republicans in Congress focus Bentsen Cramer Gephardt STUMP NATIONAL DEFENSE AU- Bereuter Crane Gibbons on drumming up support for a preemp- THORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL Berkley Crenshaw Gilchrest tive strike on Iraq, our economy is fal- YEAR 2003 Berman Crowley Gillmor tering. The statistics tell the story, Berry Cubin Gilman and they are staggering. Mr. TAYLOR of Mississippi. Mr. Biggert Culberson Gonzalez Speaker, pursuant to clause 7(c)(1) of Bilirakis Cunningham Goode The number of Americans without Bishop Davis (CA) Goodlatte health insurance rose by 1.4 million rule XXII, I hereby notify the House of Blumenauer Davis (FL) Goss last year. It is up to 41 million now. my intention to offer a motion to in- Blunt Davis (IL) Graham The poverty rate rose last year for the struct conferees on the national de- Boehlert Davis, Jo Ann Granger fense authorization bill which has been Boehner Davis, Tom Graves first time since 1992. Twenty-one per- Bonilla Deal Green (TX) cent of Hispanic families are now liv- in conference since July 26, 2002. Bonior DeFazio Green (WI) ing in poverty, and more than 2 million The form of the motion is as follows: Boozman DeGette Greenwood Borski Delahunt Grucci Mr. TAYLOR of Mississippi moves that the jobs have been lost under President Boswell DeLauro Gutierrez managers on the part of the House at the Bush. Boucher DeLay Gutknecht I understand that because in my own conference on the disagreeing votes of the Boyd DeMint Hall (TX) two Houses on the House amendment to the Brady (PA) Deutsch Hansen district unemployment rates are as Senate amendment to the bill H.R. 4546 be Brady (TX) Dicks Harman high as 11 percent. Utility bills and the instructed to agree to the provisions con- Brown (FL) Dingell Hart price of gasoline are increasing. Thou- tained in section 641 of the Senate amend- Brown (OH) Dooley Hastings (FL) sands of hardworking men and women ment (relating to payment of retired pay and Brown (SC) Doyle Hastings (WA) Bryant Dreier Hayes have seen their retirement savings compensation to disabled military retirees). Burr Duncan Hayworth evaporate before our eyes. f Burton Dunn Hefley Congressional Republicans are ignor- Buyer Edwards Herger ing these problems. Democrats under- ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER Callahan Ehlers Hill PRO TEMPORE Calvert Emerson Hilliard stand that we need to take charge of Camp Engel Hinchey our economy now. Let us do it before The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- Cantor English Hinojosa we adjourn. Let us raise the minimum ant to clause 8 of rule XX, the Chair Capito Eshoo Hobson

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7307 Hoeffel Meek (FL) Schiff b 1036 Goss Markey Ryun (KS) Hoekstra Meeks (NY) Schrock Graham Matheson Sabo Holden Menendez Scott So (two-thirds having voted in favor Granger Matsui Sanchez Holt Mica Sensenbrenner thereof) the rules were suspended and Graves McCarthy (MO) Sanders Honda Millender- Serrano the bill, as amended, was passed. Green (TX) McCarthy (NY) Sandlin Hooley McDonald Shadegg Green (WI) McCollum Sawyer The result of the vote was announced Greenwood McCrery Horn Miller, Dan Shaw as above recorded. Saxton Hostettler Miller, Gary Shays Grucci McDermott Schaffer Gutierrez McGovern Hoyer Miller, George Sherman A motion to reconsider was laid on Schakowsky Gutknecht McHugh Hulshof Miller, Jeff Sherwood the table. Schiff Hall (TX) McInnis Hunter Mollohan Shimkus Schrock f Hansen McIntyre Hyde Moore Shows Scott Harman McKeon Sensenbrenner Inslee Moran (KS) Shuster ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER Hart McKinney Isakson Moran (VA) Simmons Serrano PRO TEMPORE Hastings (FL) McNulty Sessions Israel Morella Simpson Hastings (WA) Meehan Shadegg Issa Murtha Skeen The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Hayes Meek (FL) Shaw Jackson (IL) Myrick Skelton Hayworth Meeks (NY) ISAKSON). Pursuant to clause 8 of rule Shays Jackson-Lee Nadler Slaughter Hefley Menendez XX, the Chair will reduce to 5 minutes Sherman (TX) Napolitano Smith (MI) Hill Mica the minimum time for electronic votes Sherwood Jefferson Neal Smith (NJ) Hilliard Millender- Shimkus Jenkins Nethercutt Smith (TX) on each additional motion to suspend Hinchey McDonald Shows John Ney Smith (WA) the rules on which the Chair has post- Hinojosa Miller, Dan Shuster Johnson (CT) Northup Hobson Miller, Gary Snyder poned further proceedings. Simmons Johnson (IL) Norwood Solis Hoeffel Miller, George f Hoekstra Miller, Jeff Simpson Johnson, E. B. Nussle Souder Skeen Johnson, Sam Oberstar Spratt Holden Mollohan Holt Moore Skelton Jones (NC) Obey Stark RECOGNIZING THE CONTRIBU- Honda Moran (KS) Slaughter Jones (OH) Olver Stearns TIONS OF PATSY T. MINK Hooley Moran (VA) Smith (MI) Kanjorski Ortiz Stenholm The SPEAKER pro tempore. The un- Horn Morella Smith (NJ) Keller Osborne Strickland finished business is the question of sus- Hostettler Murtha Smith (TX) Kelly Ose Stupak pending the rules and passing the joint Hoyer Myrick Smith (WA) Kennedy (MN) Otter Sullivan Hulshof Nadler Snyder Kennedy (RI) Owens Sununu resolution, H.J. Res. 113, as amended. Hunter Napolitano Solis Kerns Oxley Sweeney The Clerk read the title of the joint Hyde Neal Souder Kildee Pallone Tancredo resolution. Inslee Nethercutt Spratt Kilpatrick Pascrell Tanner The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Isakson Ney Stark Kind (WI) Pastor Tauscher question is on the motion offered by Israel Northup Stearns King (NY) Paul Tauzin Issa Norwood Stenholm Kingston Payne Taylor (MS) the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Jackson (IL) Nussle Strickland Kirk Pelosi Taylor (NC) ISAKSON) that the House suspend the Jackson-Lee Oberstar Stupak Kleczka Pence Terry rules and agree to the joint resolution, (TX) Obey Sullivan Knollenberg Peterson (MN) Thomas H.J. Res. 113, as amended, on which the Jefferson Olver Sununu Kolbe Peterson (PA) Thompson (CA) Jenkins Ortiz Sweeney yeas and nays are ordered. John Osborne Kucinich Petri Thompson (MS) Tancredo This will be a 5-minute vote. Johnson (CT) Ose LaHood Phelps Thornberry Tanner Johnson (IL) Otter Lampson Pickering Thune The vote was taken by electronic de- Tauscher Johnson, E. B. Owens Langevin Pitts vice, and there were—yeas 410, nays 0, Tauzin Thurman Johnson, Sam Oxley Lantos Platts Tiahrt not voting 21, as follows: Taylor (MS) Jones (NC) Pallone Taylor (NC) Larsen (WA) Pombo Tiberi [Roll No. 449] Jones (OH) Pascrell Terry Larson (CT) Pomeroy Tierney Kanjorski Pastor YEAS—410 Thomas Latham Portman Toomey Kaptur Paul Thompson (CA) LaTourette Price (NC) Towns Abercrombie Burton DeLay Keller Payne Thompson (MS) Leach Pryce (OH) Turner Ackerman Buyer DeMint Kelly Pelosi Thornberry Lee Putnam Udall (CO) Aderholt Callahan Deutsch Kennedy (MN) Pence Thune Levin Radanovich Udall (NM) Akin Calvert Dicks Kennedy (RI) Peterson (MN) Thurman Lewis (CA) Rahall Allen Camp Dingell Kerns Peterson (PA) Upton Tiberi Lewis (GA) Ramstad Armey Cannon Doggett Kildee Petri Velazquez Tierney Lewis (KY) Rangel Baca Cantor Dooley Kilpatrick Phelps Visclosky Toomey Linder Regula Bachus Capito Doolittle Kind (WI) Pickering Vitter Towns Lipinski Rehberg Baird Capps Doyle King (NY) Pitts Walden Baker Capuano Dreier Turner LoBiondo Reyes Kingston Platts Walsh Baldacci Cardin Duncan Udall (CO) Lowey Reynolds Kirk Pombo Wamp Baldwin Carson (IN) Dunn Udall (NM) Lucas (KY) Riley Kleczka Pomeroy Waters Ballenger Carson (OK) Edwards Upton Lucas (OK) Rivers Knollenberg Portman Watkins (OK) Barcia Castle Ehlers Kolbe Price (NC) Velazquez Luther Rodriguez Watson (CA) Barr Chabot Emerson Visclosky Lynch Roemer Kucinich Pryce (OH) Watt (NC) Barrett Chambliss Engel LaHood Putnam Vitter Maloney (CT) Rogers (KY) Watts (OK) Bartlett Clay English Lampson Radanovich Walden Maloney (NY) Rogers (MI) Waxman Barton Clayton Eshoo Langevin Rahall Walsh Markey Rohrabacher Weiner Bass Clement Etheridge Lantos Ramstad Wamp Matheson Ros-Lehtinen Weldon (FL) Becerra Clyburn Evans Larsen (WA) Rangel Waters Matsui Ross Weldon (PA) Bentsen Coble Everett Larson (CT) Regula Watkins (OK) McCarthy (MO) Rothman Weller Bereuter Collins Farr Latham Rehberg Watson (CA) McCarthy (NY) Roybal-Allard Wexler Berkley Combest Fattah LaTourette Reyes Watt (NC) Berman Condit Ferguson McCollum Royce Whitfield Lee Reynolds Watts (OK) McCrery Rush Berry Conyers Filner Wicker Levin Riley Waxman McDermott Ryan (WI) Biggert Costello Flake Weiner Wilson (NM) Lewis (CA) Rivers McGovern Ryun (KS) Bilirakis Cox Fletcher Weldon (FL) Wilson (SC) Lewis (GA) Rodriguez McHugh Sabo Bishop Coyne Foley Weldon (PA) Wolf Lewis (KY) Roemer McInnis Sanchez Blumenauer Cramer Forbes Linder Rogers (KY) Weller Woolsey McIntyre Sanders Blunt Crane Ford Lipinski Rogers (MI) Wexler Wu McKeon Sandlin Boehlert Crenshaw Fossella LoBiondo Rohrabacher Whitfield Wynn McKinney Saxton Boehner Crowley Frank Lowey Ros-Lehtinen Wilson (NM) Young (FL) McNulty Schaffer Bonilla Cubin Frelinghuysen Lucas (KY) Ross Wilson (SC) Bonior Culberson Frost Meehan Schakowsky Lucas (OK) Rothman Wolf Boozman Cummings Gallegly Luther Roybal-Allard Woolsey NOT VOTING—27 Borski Cunningham Ganske Lynch Royce Wu Boswell Davis (CA) Gekas Maloney (CT) Rush Wynn Akin Doggett Lofgren Boucher Davis (FL) Gephardt Maloney (NY) Ryan (WI) Young (FL) Andrews Doolittle Manzullo Boyd Davis (IL) Gibbons Blagojevich Ehrlich Mascara Brady (PA) Davis, Jo Ann Gilchrest NOT VOTING—21 Bono Gordon Quinn Brady (TX) Davis, Tom Gillmor Andrews Ehrlich LaFalce Cannon Hilleary Roukema Brown (FL) Deal Gilman Blagojevich Herger Leach Conyers Houghton Sawyer Brown (OH) DeFazio Gonzalez Bono Hilleary Lofgren Cooksey Istook Sessions Brown (SC) DeGette Goode Cooksey Houghton Manzullo Cummings Kaptur Stump Bryant Delahunt Goodlatte Diaz-Balart Istook Mascara Diaz-Balart LaFalce Young (AK) Burr DeLauro Gordon

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 Quinn Stump Wicker Grucci McCarthy (MO) Sanchez Manzullo Quinn Young (AK) Roukema Tiahrt Young (AK) Gutierrez McCarthy (NY) Sanders Mascara Roukema Gutknecht McCollum Sandlin McKinney Stump b 1045 Hall (TX) McCrery Sawyer Hansen McDermott Saxton b 1054 So (two-thirds having voted in favor Harman McGovern Schaffer thereof) the rules were suspended and Hart McHugh Schakowsky So (two-thirds have voted in favor the joint resolution, as amended, was Hastings (FL) McInnis Schiff thereof) the rules were suspended and Hastings (WA) McIntyre Schrock the bill, as amended, was passed. passed. Hayes McKeon Scott The result of the vote was announced Hayworth McNulty Serrano The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Hefley Meehan Sessions as above recorded. The title of the joint resolution was Herger Meek (FL) Shadegg A motion to reconsider was laid on Hill Meeks (NY) Shaw the table. amended so as to read: ‘‘Joint resolu- Hilliard Menendez Shays tion recognizing the contributions of Hinchey Mica Sherman Stated for: Patsy Takemoto Mink.’’ Hinojosa Millender- Sherwood Mr. LARSON of Connecticut. Mr. Speaker, Hobson McDonald Shimkus on rollcall No. 450, I was unavoidably de- A motion to reconsider was laid on Hoeffel Miller, Dan Shows the table. Hoekstra Miller, Gary Shuster tained. Had I been present, I would have Holden Miller, George Simmons voted ‘‘yes.’’ f Holt Miller, Jeff Simpson Honda Mollohan Skeen f b 1045 Hooley Moore Skelton Horn Moran (KS) Slaughter PERSONAL EXPLANATION MEDICAL DEVICE USER FEE AND Hostettler Moran (VA) Smith (MI) Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Speaker, I was un- MODERNIZATION ACT OF 2002 Hoyer Morella Smith (NJ) Hulshof Murtha Smith (TX) avoidably detained for the first two votes on The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Hunter Myrick Smith (WA) October 9, 2002. ISAKSON). The unfinished business is Hyde Nadler Snyder Had I been present, I would have voted in the question of suspending the rules Inslee Napolitano Solis favor of H.R. 3580, to amend the Federal Isakson Neal Souder and passing the bill, H.R. 3580, as Israel Nethercutt Spratt Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to make im- amended. Issa Ney Stark provements in the regulation of medical de- The Clerk read the title of the bill. Jackson (IL) Northup Stearns vices, and also in favor of H.J. Res. 113, rec- Jackson-Lee Norwood Stenholm The SPEAKER pro tempore. The (TX) Nussle Strickland ognizing the contributions of Patsy T. Mink. question is on the motion offered by Jefferson Oberstar Stupak f the gentleman from North Carolina Jenkins Obey Sullivan (Mr. BURR) that the House suspend the John Olver Sununu ARMED FORCES TAX FAIRNESS Johnson (CT) Ortiz Sweeney rules and pass the bill, H.R. 3580, as Johnson (IL) Osborne Tancredo ACT OF 2002 amended, on which the yeas and nays Johnson, E. B. Ose Tanner The SPEAKER pro tempore. The un- are ordered. Johnson, Sam Otter Tauscher Jones (NC) Owens Tauzin finished business is the question of sus- This will be a 5-minute vote. Jones (OH) Oxley Taylor (MS) pending the rules and passing the bill, The vote was taken by electronic de- Kanjorski Pallone Taylor (NC) H.R. 5557. vice, and there were—yeas 406, nays 3, Kaptur Pascrell Terry The Clerk read the title of the bill. not voting 22, as follows: Keller Pastor Thomas Kelly Payne Thompson (CA) The SPEAKER pro tempore. The [Roll No. 450] Kennedy (MN) Pelosi Thompson (MS) question is on the motion offered by YEAS—406 Kennedy (RI) Pence Thornberry the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Kerns Peterson (MN) Thune Abercrombie Callahan Doggett Kildee Peterson (PA) Thurman WELLER) that the House suspend the Ackerman Calvert Dooley Kilpatrick Petri Tiahrt rules and pass the bill, H.R. 5557, on Aderholt Camp Doolittle Kind (WI) Phelps Tiberi which the yeas and nays are ordered. Akin Cannon Doyle King (NY) Pickering Tierney This will be a 5-minute vote. Allen Cantor Dreier Kingston Pitts Toomey Baca Capito Duncan Kirk Platts Towns The vote was taken by electronic de- Bachus Capps Dunn Kleczka Pombo Turner vice, and there were—yeas 412, nays 0, Baird Capuano Edwards Knollenberg Pomeroy Udall (CO) not voting 19, as follows: Baker Cardin Ehlers Kolbe Portman Udall (NM) Baldacci Carson (IN) Emerson Kucinich Price (NC) Upton [Roll No. 451] Baldwin Carson (OK) Engel LaHood Pryce (OH) Velazquez YEAS—412 Ballenger Castle English Lampson Putnam Visclosky Abercrombie Borski Conyers Barcia Chabot Eshoo Langevin Radanovich Vitter Ackerman Boswell Costello Barr Chambliss Etheridge Lantos Rahall Walden Aderholt Boucher Cox Barrett Clay Evans Larsen (WA) Ramstad Walsh Akin Boyd Coyne Bartlett Clayton Everett Latham Rangel Wamp Allen Brady (PA) Cramer Barton Clement Farr LaTourette Regula Waters Andrews Brady (TX) Crane Bass Clyburn Fattah Leach Rehberg Watkins (OK) Baca Brown (FL) Crenshaw Becerra Coble Ferguson Lee Reyes Watson (CA) Bachus Brown (OH) Crowley Bentsen Collins Filner Levin Reynolds Watt (NC) Baird Brown (SC) Cubin Bereuter Combest Fletcher Lewis (CA) Riley Watts (OK) Baker Bryant Culberson Berkley Condit Foley Lewis (GA) Rivers Waxman Baldacci Burr Cummings Berman Conyers Forbes Lewis (KY) Rodriguez Weiner Baldwin Burton Cunningham Berry Costello Ford Linder Roemer Weldon (FL) Ballenger Buyer Davis (CA) Biggert Coyne Fossella Lipinski Rogers (KY) Weldon (PA) Barcia Callahan Davis (FL) Bilirakis Cramer Frank LoBiondo Rogers (MI) Weller Barr Calvert Davis (IL) Bishop Crane Frelinghuysen Lowey Rohrabacher Wexler Barrett Camp Davis, Jo Ann Blumenauer Crenshaw Frost Lucas (KY) Ros-Lehtinen Whitfield Bartlett Cannon Deal Blunt Crowley Gallegly Lucas (OK) Ross Wicker Barton Cantor DeFazio Boehlert Cubin Ganske Luther Rothman Wilson (NM) Bass Capito DeGette Boehner Culberson Gekas Lynch Roybal-Allard Wilson (SC) Becerra Capps Delahunt Bonilla Cummings Gephardt Maloney (CT) Royce Wolf Bentsen Capuano DeLauro Bonior Cunningham Gibbons Maloney (NY) Rush Woolsey Bereuter Cardin DeLay Boozman Davis (CA) Gilchrest Markey Ryan (WI) Wu Berkley Carson (IN) DeMint Borski Davis (FL) Gillmor Matheson Ryun (KS) Wynn Berman Carson (OK) Deutsch Boswell Davis (IL) Gilman Matsui Sabo Young (FL) Boucher Davis, Jo Ann Gonzalez Berry Castle Dicks Boyd Deal Goode NAYS—3 Biggert Chabot Dingell Brady (PA) DeFazio Goodlatte Bilirakis Chambliss Doggett Brady (TX) DeGette Gordon Flake Paul Sensenbrenner Bishop Clay Dooley Brown (FL) Delahunt Goss Blumenauer Clayton Doolittle Brown (OH) DeLauro Graham NOT VOTING—22 Blunt Clement Doyle Brown (SC) DeLay Granger Andrews Cox Houghton Boehlert Clyburn Dreier Bryant DeMint Graves Armey Davis, Tom Istook Boehner Coble Duncan Burr Deutsch Green (TX) Blagojevich Diaz-Balart LaFalce Bonilla Collins Dunn Burton Dicks Green (WI) Bono Ehrlich Larson (CT) Bonior Combest Edwards Buyer Dingell Greenwood Cooksey Hilleary Lofgren Boozman Condit Ehlers

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7309 Emerson Knollenberg Ramstad Weldon (PA) Wicker Woolsey tleman from Florida (Mr. GOSS). The Engel Kolbe Rangel Weller Wilson (NM) Wu English Kucinich Regula Wexler Wilson (SC) Wynn Chair will then recognize whoever is Eshoo LaHood Rehberg Whitfield Wolf Young (FL) ready to yield time, and then continue Etheridge Lampson Reyes in the same order. NOT VOTING—19 Evans Langevin Reynolds The Chair recognizes the gentleman Everett Lantos Riley Armey Hilleary Quinn from Florida (Mr. GOSS). Farr Larsen (WA) Rivers Blagojevich Houghton Roukema Fattah Larson (CT) Rodriguez Bono Istook Stump Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 Ferguson Latham Roemer Cooksey LaFalce Velazquez minutes to the distinguished gen- Filner LaTourette Rogers (KY) Davis, Tom Lofgren Young (AK) tleman from California (Mr. Flake Leach Rogers (MI) Diaz-Balart Manzullo Fletcher Lee Rohrabacher Ehrlich Mascara CUNNINGHAM), a member of the Perma- Foley Levin Ros-Lehtinen nent Select Committee on Intelligence. Forbes Lewis (CA) Ross b 1104 Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, my Ford Lewis (GA) Rothman So (two-thirds having voted in favor colleagues and I and the other Mem- Fossella Lewis (KY) Roybal-Allard Frank Linder Royce thereof) the rules were suspended and bers quite often get in very emotional Frelinghuysen Lipinski Rush the bill was passed. debates, each believing in their posi- Frost LoBiondo Ryan (WI) The result of the vote was announced tion. I think that is the case with the Gallegly Lowey Ryun (KS) as above recorded. subject that we are breaching now. I Ganske Lucas (KY) Sabo Gekas Lucas (OK) Sanchez A motion to reconsider was laid on would hope to bring some light as far Gephardt Luther Sanders the table. as to why my feelings are as strong as Gibbons Lynch Sandlin f they are. Gilchrest Maloney (CT) Sawyer New York, the Pentagon, Pennsyl- Gillmor Maloney (NY) Saxton PERSONAL EXPLANAITON Gilman Markey Schaffer vania, over 3,000 men, women, and chil- Gonzalez Matheson Schakowsky Mr. MANZULLO. Mr. Speaker, please ex- dren dying, that is horrific and remains Goode Matsui Schiff cuse my absence from the votes this morning. a bitter taste in all Americans’ lives. Goodlatte McCarthy (MO) Schrock Had I been present I would have voted: ‘‘Yes’’ But imagine New York, Chicago, or Los Gordon McCarthy (NY) Scott Goss McCollum Sensenbrenner on H.R. 5557 (rollcall 451); ‘‘yes’’ on H.R. Angeles like Nagasaki or Hiroshima. Graham McCrery Serrano 3580 (rollcall 450); ‘‘yes’’ on H.J. Res. 113 Think of the pain and the agony that Granger McDermott Sessions (rollcall 449); and ‘‘yes’’ on H.R. 5542 (rollcall we would go through. Imagine millions Graves McGovern Shadegg 448). Green (TX) McHugh Shaw of Americans dying with ebola, with Green (WI) McInnis Shays f smallpox, anthrax, or even nerve gas, Greenwood McIntyre Sherman HOUR OF MEETING ON TOMORROW which would render generations geneti- Grucci McKeon Sherwood cally with problems. Gutierrez McKinney Shimkus Mr. LAHOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask Gutknecht McNulty Shows Is it possible? Yes. Is it probable? Hall (TX) Meehan Shuster unanimous consent that when the Yes. As a member on the Committee on Hansen Meek (FL) Simmons House adjourns today, it adjourn to Intelligence, I would say it is highly Harman Meeks (NY) Simpson meet at 9 a.m. tomorrow. probable if we wait and do nothing. Hart Menendez Skeen The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Hastings (FL) Mica Skelton Fact: In 1981, the Israelis destroyed a Hastings (WA) Millender- Slaughter ISAKSON). Is there objection to the re- nuclear plant in Iraq ready to develop Hayes McDonald Smith (MI) quest of the gentleman from Illinois? weapons-grade plutonium. In 1990, Hayworth Miller, Dan Smith (NJ) There was no objection. right in my hometown in San Diego, Hefley Miller, Gary Smith (TX) Herger Miller, George Smith (WA) f Iraqis were caught with nuclear trig- Hill Miller, Jeff Snyder AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF gers on their way to Iraq. Hilliard Mollohan Solis Fact: In 2002, a small amount of Hinchey Moore Souder MILITARY FORCE AGAINST IRAQ Hinojosa Moran (KS) Spratt RESOLUTION OF 2002 weapons-grade plutonium was inter- Hobson Moran (VA) Stark cepted heading for Iraq. Hoeffel Morella Stearns The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- Fact: Saddam Hussein does have Hoekstra Murtha Stenholm ant to section 3 of House Resolution chemical and biological weapons, and Holden Myrick Strickland 574, proceedings will now resume on the Holt Nadler Stupak even today he denies that. We know 100 Honda Napolitano Sullivan joint resolution (H.J. Res. 114) to au- percent that he has them, and he is Hooley Neal Sununu thorize the use of United States Armed working towards nuclear weapons. Horn Nethercutt Sweeney Forces against Iraq. Saddam Hussein has been expanding Hostettler Ney Tancredo The Clerk read the title of the joint Hoyer Northup Tanner the delivery systems, including pilot- Hulshof Norwood Tauscher resolution. less aircraft. Guess what is in range of Hunter Nussle Tauzin The SPEAKER pro tempore. When those pilotless aircraft: Turkey, Saudi Hyde Oberstar Taylor (MS) proceedings were postponed on the leg- Arabia, Israel, where thousands of Inslee Obey Taylor (NC) islative day of Tuesday, October 8, 2002, Isakson Olver Terry Americans and other citizens of other 1 Israel Ortiz Thomas 5 hours 50 ⁄2 minutes of debate re- nations reside. Issa Osborne Thompson (CA) mained on the joint resolution, as Saddam Hussein is dispersing, as we Jackson (IL) Ose Thompson (MS) amended. Jackson-Lee Otter Thornberry speak, and it is not just his capability (TX) Owens Thune The gentleman from Illinois (Mr. with chemical and biological weapons, Jefferson Oxley Thurman HYDE) has 1 hour 47 minutes remaining, but he is dispersing those weapons of Jenkins Pallone Tiahrt the gentleman from California (Mr. John Pascrell Tiberi mass destruction to other terrorist LANTOS) has 1 hour 421⁄2 minutes re- Johnson (CT) Pastor Tierney groups. Johnson (IL) Paul Toomey maining, the gentleman from New Jer- Saddam really does not care for al Johnson, E. B. Payne Towns sey (Mr. PAYNE) has 1 hour 21 minutes Qaeda, but they have a common goal, Johnson, Sam Pelosi Turner remaining, and the gentleman from Jones (NC) Pence Udall (CO) and that is to hurt the United States. Jones (OH) Peterson (MN) Udall (NM) Florida (Mr. GOSS) has 60 minutes re- It is a fact that Saddam pays $700 for Kanjorski Peterson (PA) Upton maining. a Palestinian that is wounded; and he Kaptur Petri Visclosky PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY pays $1,500 for a Palestinian that is Keller Phelps Vitter Kelly Pickering Walden Mr. GOSS. Parliamentary inquiry, wounded in a terrorist attack; and Sad- Kennedy (MN) Pitts Walsh Mr. Speaker. dam Hussein pays $25,000 to the family Kennedy (RI) Platts Wamp The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gen- of someone that straps a bomb on Kerns Pombo Waters Kildee Pomeroy Watkins (OK) tleman will state his inquiry. themselves and blows up men, women, Kilpatrick Portman Watson (CA) Mr. GOSS. Would the Speaker ex- and children. Americans have been Kind (WI) Price (NC) Watt (NC) plain the rotation in the time allot- killed in Israel from suicide bombers. King (NY) Pryce (OH) Watts (OK) ments just announced? Mr. Speaker, my eyes tear even 30 Kingston Putnam Waxman Kirk Radanovich Weiner The SPEAKER pro tempore. The years later from friends that I saw die Kleczka Rahall Weldon (FL) Chair will first recognize the gen- in combat. This is no simple thing. My

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 mother was rushed to a hospital when a dignified, statesman-like, serious Hussein is in no position to negotiate. she learned that I was shot down. manner as befits the topic; and I want He must provide unrestricted access to I know the horrors brought on the to pay tribute to every single Repub- all Iraqi sites with no single compensa- men and women that we will ask to go lican and Democratic colleague who tion acceptable. And if he refuses, he to war, but I also know the heartache took part in yesterday’s debate, and I must realize the consequences and real- and the pain of the families that are know today’s debate will be similar in ize as well that he is solely responsible left behind. I would say to my col- tone and tenor. for those consequences. leagues, do we want to subject them to Mr. Speaker, I yield 7 minutes to the The United States must continue to the horrors of war in our own country? gentleman from Maryland (Mr. HOYER), seek the widest support for a tough in- That is why I have this resolve. I my dear friend and one of the most dis- spection regime that ensures Hussein is think it is highly probable that terror- tinguished Members of this body and disarmed. Unilateral action carries tre- ists would act against the U.S. if we do one of the leaders on the Democratic mendous risk. Yet we know that inter- not act; and I ask my colleagues, do side. national vacillation has often not let it happen. Mr. HOYER. Mr. Speaker, I thank emboldened tyrants and compounded Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield such my friend, the ranking member of the bloodshed and instability. In just the time as he may consume to the gen- Committee on International Relations, last decade, a halting, indecisive tleman from Alabama (Mr. CALLAHAN). for yielding me time. United Nations bore witness to geno- (Mr. CALLAHAN asked and was Mr. Speaker, yesterday, today and cide in the former Yugoslavia and trag- given permission to revise and extend tomorrow the Members of this House ically did little to stop it. his remarks.) consider our most solemn constitu- The reign of terror perpetuated by Mr. CALLAHAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise tional obligation, a resolution that au- Slobodan Milosovic blazed until NATO in support of the resolution. thorizes our Commander in Chief to use extinguished it. Thus, in the face of Mr. Speaker, in doing so, I cannot minimize our Nation’s Armed Forces. We do not tyranny, we must not allow our com- the gravity of its ultimate outcome—the poten- savor this awesome responsibility, but mitment to secure the imprimatur and tial deployment of American Service men and we will not shrink from it either. The participation of the international com- women to engage in war against our enemy. seriousness of this occasion dictates munity to become the sine qua non of There is no more solemn responsibility, or bur- that we debate today not as Demo- American policy. den, for a Member of Congress than acting to crats, not as Republicans, but as Amer- The risk of inaction today in my put our troops in harm’s way. icans, Americans of conscience and opinion poses previously unfathomed I am supporting this resolution because I principle who love their country and dangers for tomorrow. The prolifera- believe President Bush has made a solid case who are committed to the security of tion of weapons of mass destruction for acting to remove weapons of mass de- this Nation and its people. and the most virulent strain of ter- This resolution in my view does not struction from Iraq. He has taken the appro- rorism which targets innocents and sound the drumbeat of war. Rather, it priate steps to achieve United Nations’ support glories in suicidal mass murder could provides Saddam Hussein with his last through a new Security Council resolution, and render national inaction a virtual chance for peace. I will support it. The I remain hopeful this initiative will be success- death sentence to far too many. ful. However, it is imperative that Congress resolution reflects the concerns and judgment of Members of this House Let there be no mistake, the United give consensus to our commander in chief as States must continue to be a leading he navigates through difficult diplomatic chan- from both sides of the aisle. It supports our diplomatic efforts, limits and de- proponent of multilateral institutions nels, and so we must give this measure a and the peaceful resolutions of dis- strong, favorable vote. fines the scope of authorization and requires the President to notify Congress putes. However, in the absence of inter- During my service here, I have joined my national unity in confronting Hussein colleagues too many times to send our military before using force and to consult with Congress throughout the process. and his criminal regime, we must not personnel to war—from the gulf war to Bosnia be frozen into inaction in the face of a to Afghanistan. Despite reservations, I have Saddam Hussein’s malevolence and expansionist designs are not in dispute. clear and present danger. supported former Presidents Bush and Clinton Let me add, with all due respect to because it is their constitutional role to make He used mustard gas and attacked civilians during his 8-year war with Iran. my colleagues who have expressed decisions involving war. We must all be non- their sincere concern that this resolu- partisan on these issues and not support only He attacked Kurdish villages in northern Iraq with chemical weapons. He in- tion authorizes the President to use the President of our party. To act in a partisan Armed Forces preemptively, that I see manner damages our Nation’s credibility vaded Kuwait before an international coalition repulsed him. He fired mis- a clear distinction here. We have had abroad and harms the reputation of Congress. an ongoing engagement in Iraq since This will be one of my final votes in the siles at Saudi Arabia and Israel. He attempted to assassinate our own Presi- that nation agreed to terminate its House and it does not get any easier to act on hostility towards its neighbors in 1991. matters of war. This vote late in my 18-year dent, former President George Bush. Our pilots who have been fired on by career will be one of the hardest. I am con- And he has and continues to savage and Iraqi military can attest that our en- fident it is the right vote. enslave his own people. gagement continues. Thus, I do not Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, I yield Saddam Hussein is a vanquished ty- agree that we are setting a possibly myself such time as I may consume. rant who owes his existence to the fact Mr. Speaker, let me first say that I that the international community did dangerous precedent. know I speak for all of my colleagues not effect his ouster in 1991. In hind- Mr. Speaker, we have given and across the political aisle in paying sight, the cause of peace and regional should continue to give diplomacy and tribute to the gentleman from Cali- stability, as well as the well-being of international coalition-building efforts every opportunity. Saddam Hussein fornia (Mr. CUNNINGHAM), one of the the Iraqi people who toil under his true military heroes serving currently boot, dictated that result. Yet, like the has chosen to ignore his obligations in the Congress of the United States. long line of aggressors who pockmark and to continue his dangerous designs. Here is a man who participated in history, Hussein has preyed on inter- If he fails to seize this last chance for battles, knows the tragedy of war, but national irresolution. He disdains and peace, then he will bear sole responsi- also understands that while war is hor- refuses to submit to weapons inspec- bility for his own destruction. rible, appeasement brings far greater tions. Mr. Speaker, we have no quarrel with tragedies. He continues his efforts to develop the Iraqi people. Our purpose is not ter- and acquire weapons of mass destruc- ritorial acquisition. Our purpose is the b 1115 tion, and he sponsors international ter- protection and security of our people, Before yielding to one of our most rorism. Saddam Hussein continues to and the promotion of peace, stability distinguished Members, I would like to be an unacceptable threat whose du- and the rule of law in Iraq, the Middle pay tribute to every colleague yester- plicity requires action, action now. Re- East and the international community. day who participated in this debate. verting to a failed inspection regime We must not shrink from this responsi- The debate, Mr. Speaker, took place in would permit hope to ignore history. bility.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7311 Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 where the United States and the who has conducted himself with tre- minutes to the distinguished gen- United Nations must be able to commit mendous leadership, a true gentleman tleman from Illinois (Mr. LAHOOD), a whatever resources are necessary to from Illinois who has shown his leader- member of the Permanent Select Com- ensure Iraqi disarmament. ship in so many capacities. During the mittee on Intelligence. I am proud to serve on the Perma- 14 years I have been in Congress, this is (Mr. LaHOOD asked and was given nent Select Committee on Intelligence certainly one of the most important permission to revise and extend his re- and have had the opportunity to care- issues that I have been involved in, and marks.) fully study the ongoing weapons activ- it will be a very important vote. Mr. LAHOOD. Mr. Speaker, before I ity in Iraq. And I am convinced that I would also like to commend the begin my prepared statement, I just this resolution is needed to allow us to gentleman from California (Mr. wanted to say a word about the ex- use every option at our disposal to deal CUNNINGHAM), because all of us feel traordinary leadership that we have on with Iraq. We know what Iraq is capa- proud of what he has done to make our the Permanent Select Committee on ble of, and we know that Saddam Hus- Nation a stronger place, and it is great Intelligence from our chairman. The sein is striving to expand that capa- to have heroes in our body. gentleman from Florida (Mr. GOSS) is bility. The people of Iraq are not safe. Also, let me commend again the gen- an extraordinary chairman. He has American military personnel who serve tleman from California (Mr. LANTOS) done so much. He has done a great job in the Persian Gulf are not safe. And, who continues his eloquence, his vi- for our committee and for America in fact, the world is not safe if Iraq sion. He is one of the most expressive since 9–11, and he deserves an awful lot does not begin to comply with U.S. and persons that I know in the House, and, of praise for the work he has done with U.N. resolutions and disarmament de- for that, this place is a better place. the administration for all the Members mands. Let me say that I would like to brief- of this House in really just doing an ex- I believe it is important for the Iraqi ly share with my colleagues a front traordinary job as chairman of the Per- people to know that the United States page article in today’s Washington manent Select Committee on Intel- and the United Nations will not allow Post which states that unprovoked by ligence. the continued development and buildup a U.S. military campaign, Saddam Hus- Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of the stockpile of weapons in their sein is ‘‘unlikely to initiate a chemical of H.J. Res. 114, a bipartisan resolution country. Saddam Hussein has turned or biological attack against the United that authorizes the use of our Armed these terrible weapons against his own States.’’ This was contained in a report Forces against Iraq. I want to take a people who continue to suffer repres- provided by intelligence agencies to moment to applaud the President and sion at the hands of this dictator’s per- senators last week. If a U.S.-led attack his team for continuing to work to gar- sistent and willful violations of his could not be stopped, Saddam might ner international support to bring Iraq international obligations. launch a chemical/biological counter- into compliance with U.N. resolutions, I am pleased that this is a bipartisan attack, the analysts forewarned. for continuing to update the Congress resolution. The security of the United The report said that Saddam might on the situation in Iraq, and for con- States and the security of the world decide that the extreme step of assist- tinuing to work with Members on both rise above partisan points of view. This ing Islamic terrorism in conducting a sides of the aisle in formulating the resolution shows Iraq that we are war, in conducting a weapons of mass resolution we are discussing today. united in its condemnation of its con- We do not take lightly what we are destruction attack against the United tinued flagrant violation of all U.N. States would be his last chance to voting on here today. The decision to resolution, and in our determination to authorize the potential use of our Na- exact vengeance by taking a large achieve Iraqi disarmament. number of victims with him. tion’s Armed Forces is very difficult. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the However, this resolution is not a rush This appears to suggest that an at- President for his ongoing efforts to tack on Iraq could trigger the very to war. Our immediate goal is to allow work with the international commu- weapons inspectors complete and unre- thing that our President has said that nity and the Congress. And I want to he is trying to prevent, the use of stricted accesses to determine Iraq’s thank my colleagues for this oppor- compliance with disarmament require- chemical or biological weapons by Hus- tunity to use this to thoroughly dis- sein. ments. This resolution explicitly ex- cuss this resolution, which is one of the In view of this report, the policy of a presses support for the President’s on- most significant pieces of legislation preemptive strike is troublesome. going efforts to work with the U.N. Se- many of us will ever vote on during our Haste in attacking Iraq would place curity Council to quickly and deci- time in Congress. Most importantly, I untold numbers of people in harm’s sively act to ensure Iraqi compliance want to thank the men and women who way. with all Security Council resolutions. serve in our Nation’s Armed Forces, In Ecclesiastes it says that there is a However, the resolution also provides continually working to achieve and season for all things; there is a time to for the authorization of the use of mili- maintain peace, in the Persian Gulf re- laugh and a time to cry, a time to plan tary force that may be needed to pro- gion and around the world. And they and a time to pluck up that which has tect U.S. national security and enforce deserve our devoted and unrestrained been planted, a time of peace and a Security Council resolutions if diplo- thanks for the wonderful, wonderful time of war. The question before us is matic efforts alone are no longer effec- service that they provide to our coun- whether this is a time for peace or a tive. Congress will be kept informed. try. Saddam Hussein knew what was re- Mr. Speaker, I urge all my colleagues time for war. The question is whether quired to end the Persian Gulf War: de- to support this bipartisan resolution. we can continue to use diplomacy, stroying all existing weapons of mass Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I would whether we have exhausted all means destruction, discontinuing any develop- like to, first of all, commend both sides to try to have peace, whether we have ment of these weapons, and allow on this very important issue and the maximized the use of the United Na- United Nations’ weapons inspectors un- manner in which this discussion has tions and other international agencies. restricted access so compliance with moved forward for close to 12 hours. Let us give peace a chance. Let us these demands could be ensured. Iraq From about 1 p.m. to 1 a.m. on yester- try to get our inspectors in, identify has failed to comply with each and day we had all views expressed, and weapons of mass destruction, have every U.N. resolution and has contin- that is really what makes this a great them destroyed and then move for- ued to stockpile and develop weapons House, and that is what makes this a ward. that are a threat to not only its neigh- great country. That is what makes me Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the bors in the Middle East, but also the proud and privileged to be a part of gentlewoman from Connecticut (Ms. entire world. this institution. DELAURO) a very key leader in our Iraq’s history of violations, combined Democratic Caucus, a person who has with its present policy of working to b 1130 served her people in Connecticut so acquire weapons while continuing to I would like to certainly commend well, a member of the Committee on restrict U.N. access, led to a future the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. HYDE) Appropriations.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 Ms. DELAURO. Mr. Speaker, I thank I support the Spratt substitute be- launched at a moment’s notice and is the gentleman for yielding me the cause I believe it fully accepts the goal in the process of acquiring a nuclear time. of eliminating weapons of mass de- capability. From my vantage point as Mr. Speaker, the responsibility for struction from Iraq. It accounts for chairman of the Committee on Science, authorizing the use of America’s mili- Saddam Hussein’s record of deceit, of I am familiar with the havoc that can tary weighs heavily on all of us today, lying to the world and forestalling the be wreaked with chemical and biologi- and I have no doubt that we each rise inspection process by anticipating the cal weapons; and as a senior member of knowing that the Constitution and the use of force, but the Spratt substitute the Permanent Select Committee on Nation now call on each of us and no rightly considers force something that Intelligence, I am most familiar with one else. is multiplied in effectiveness when the the evidence that Saddam Hussein has Nearly all assembled today, including right stage is set. an accelerated program to acquire a myself, voted to authorize force and It requires the President to certify nuclear capability. empower our war on terrorism. Our re- that the U.N. Security Council has not The case has been made. The ques- sponse was immediate and unified. The acted or acted insufficiently to achieve tion is, what do we do about it? Taliban government had to fall. Al Iraqi disarmament. The substitute re- In my view, the President is going Qaeda had to be confronted in Afghani- quires that he certify that unilateral about it in the correct way. He is not stan and all across the globe, and we force is the only option, that military some rogue cowboy from Texas, acting carried into battle the full moral au- force is necessary to make Iraq comply as the Lone Ranger, but a thoughtful, thority of a world stirred to action. and that the United States is forming international leader, rising to the occa- I oppose the resolution today reluc- as broad-based a coalition as possible. sion with calm and reason and resolve. tantly because I fully anticipate that Having taken every possible diplo- The case has indeed been made, and we will need to act against Iraq before matic action, it requires the President it is up to us to respond. The President very long. I have no illusions about to certify that military action in Iraq went to the United Nations and in a Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein and will not interfere with the broader war very orderly, methodical way outlined his regime threaten the safety of our on terrorism. the evidence to that body and to the country and his neighbors, many of The Spratt substitute takes the re- international community. whom are our allies. He has invaded sponsible course of action, exhausting The President has repeatedly consulted with the Congress, not just with and occupied neighboring countries and diplomatic efforts and building an a few leaders, but all of us. There have launched deadly missiles at civilian international coalition first, while ac- been meetings at the White House. populations. This is a regime that has knowledging that military action may Just yesterday, for example, I started used and intends to use chemical and be inevitable. I believe this path both my day at 7:30 at the Pentagon with a biological weapons and has done its ensures that we will be able to con- briefing by the Secretary of Defense best to develop a nuclear weapons pro- tinue our success in the war on ter- and his top people, followed by a return gram. rorism in the long term without com- This is a murderous regime that has to Capitol Hill for several hours of promising our safety in the short term. slaughtered its own people. Saddam meetings with the Permanent Select Mr. Speaker, the President has asked Hussein is a war criminal who should Committee on Intelligence, followed by that we pass the resolution to send the be on trial, along with Slobodan a luncheon meeting with a group of us message to the U.N. I hope we pass the Milosevic in The Hague. with Condoleeza Rice, the National Se- Spratt substitute so that we can send a I rise in opposition reluctantly but curity Adviser. no less certain of the importance of a message that our war on terrorism will The Congress is involved. It has been no vote. Because of the nature of this not be compromised, and I hope that a presented the evidence, and the Presi- regime and because of the war on ter- no vote will urge the President to act dent is engaging the American people rorism, we must marshal the moral au- with the force of nations to achieve our with a thoughtful, sober, analytical thority and strategic resources that noble and our essential goals. presentation. And I have to confess can end this grave threat and secure Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased great disappointment because if my America’s long-term interests. This to yield 4 minutes to the gentleman colleagues turned on the television set resolution does not meet that historic from New York (Mr. BOEHLERT), the Monday night, on the three national requirement, in my view. distinguished chairman of the Com- channels they found their usual pro- While it is an improvement over the mittee on Science and a member of the gramming, not to be interrupted by original proposal, it represents a nod to House Permanent Select Committee on something so minor as the President of the U.N., our allies and our long-term Intelligence. the United States addressing the world interests but requires almost nothing (Mr. BOEHLERT asked and was given on one of the most serious subjects of before America goes to war. It does not permission to revise and extend his re- the moment. require that we seek to operate under a marks.) I think overlooked in that speech to U.N. resolution or to seek unfettered Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Speaker, what the American people Monday night was U.N. inspection or to build broad sup- is the rush? That question was asked of this fact, and the speech made it abun- port from allies before America goes to me Monday evening following the dantly clear. Approving this resolution war. In doing so, we weaken our moral President’s speech. It was asked of me does not mean that immediate action authority, our military effectiveness last week and the week before and the is imminent or unavoidable. I am com- and our ability to keep events under week before. As a matter of fact, it was forted by the fact that the President control afterwards. first posed to me by a thoughtful ques- has advisers like Colin Powell and Dick And if we go it alone against Iraq, as tioner at a League of Women Voters Cheney and Don Rumsfeld and this resolution permits, I am concerned candidates forum in Cortland, New Condoleeza Rice. They are going about that our efforts will lack the legit- York, some 7 weeks ago. this in the correct way, and I urge sup- imacy that an operation of this mag- My answer to him then was the same port for the Commander-in-Chief. nitude requires. I am concerned that answer I give to everyone now. There is Mr. CROWLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 the United States will have to carry no rush. The President is prudent, minutes to the gentlewoman from Cali- the full burden of renewal and policing measured and firm in dealing with a fornia (Ms. HARMAN), the ranking Iraq, which will surely be high. decade of defiance, deception and bad member of the Permanent Select Com- Without U.N. sanction, I believe this faith on the part of Saddam Hussein, mittee on Intelligence Subcommittee action could increase instability in the who has repeatedly ignored U.N. reso- on Terrorism and Homeland Security. region and indeed throughout the lutions and turned his back on agree- Ms. HARMAN. Mr. Speaker, I thank world. It could very well undermine the ments that he himself embraced. There the gentleman for yielding me the war on terrorism, alienating countries is widespread agreement with the time, and I rise in support of this reso- the United States will need to achieve President. The time for denying, de- lution. the broader objective of uncovering and ceiving and delay is over. The threat from Iraq is very real and dismantling al Qaeda cells across the Iraq has a chemical and biological increasingly dangerous. Saddam Hus- world. weapons capability which can be sein’s belligerent intentions, and his

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7313 possession and ongoing development of We must also strengthen and expand remain that. I am very concerned that weapons of mass destruction to fulfill programs and policies aimed at stop- a unilateral first strike will upset the those intentions, make him a clear and ping the proliferation of weapons of global economy, will upset the world. present danger to the United States mass destruction and their compo- And what about the other 20-plus coun- and the world. nents. tries that have weapons of mass de- Particularly worrisome is the evi- Sentiment in my district is high, struction? Can China then attack Tai- dence of Iraq’s UAV capability. Iraq’s both in favor and in opposition to this wan? Can India then attack Pakistan? ability to use uninhabited aerial vehi- resolution. I thank my constituents for North Korea? South Korea? Where does cles to deliver biological and chemical sharing their views with me. I have lis- it stop? weapons far outside its national bor- tened carefully, learned as much as I The United States is the leader in the ders represents a qualitative increase could; and now it is time to lead. Like world, and we must show that leader- in the danger it poses. History dem- all my colleagues, I fervently hope that ship; and we do that by multilaterally onstrates Saddam Hussein’s willing- the U.S. will not need to use force, but acting with our allies, working to- ness to use such weapons against un- the best chance to avoid military ac- gether so we do not have the loss of armed civilians, including his own peo- tion is to show the U.N. and Iraq that 50,000, so that we will not have to spend ple; and it demonstrates his we will not flinch from it. $200 billion-plus of taxpayers’ money, unhesitating instincts to invade his Giving diplomatic efforts every and so that we can then use it for neighbors, Iran and Kuwait, and to at- chance is the right policy, and this res- health care and housing and prescrip- tack Israel. olution gives diplomacy its maximum tion drugs. That he appears to quote Director chance to succeed. Mr. Speaker, I implore the American Tenet’s recent letter, ‘‘to be drawing a Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 6 citizens to look at the issue and to get line short of conducting terrorist at- minutes to the gentlewoman from to their Congressperson and Senator. tacks’’ does not persuade me that he Michigan (Ms. KILPATRICK), a member Yes, we have to disarm Saddam Hus- will not. He is impulsive, irrational, vi- of the Committee on Appropriations, sein. Yes, we have to go after the weap- cious and cruel. Unchecked, he will who has done a great job not only re- ons of mass destruction. But we are the only grow stronger as he develops capa- garding foreign operations, but also for leaders of the free world, and we have bility to match his disdain for America her State of Michigan. no allies with us on this first strike. and his Middle East neighbors. Ms. KILPATRICK. Mr. Speaker, I We ought to ask some questions here. History shows that had Israel not de- thank the gentleman for yielding me What will be the consequences in the stroyed Iraq’s nuclear reactor in 1981, this time. Middle East when America makes this Saddam Hussein would now have nu- Mr. Speaker, the 435 who serve in first strike? What will be the cost to clear capability, but he did not cease this body, and the 100 in the other the world? How many lives will be lost? his nuclear ambitions. Had coalition body, will shortly cast the most impor- What resources are we going to pledge military forces not swept through Iraq tant vote of our career, should we send as we strike and then as we rebuild in 1991, he would have possessed nu- our young men and women to war. It is that part of the world? What will hap- clear weapons by 1993. a decision not to be taken lightly, and pen with Iran and Saudi Arabia? Will b 1145 I highly respect both sides of the argu- they sit idly by? The CIA now reports that Iraq is 1 ment. But I stand here today with a If we pass this resolution in October year away from a functional nuclear heavy heart because I am not able to and not go to war until February or device once it acquires fissile material. support the resolution before us. March, what will happen in the interim Waiting 1 hour, 1 day, 1 month in such September 11, 2001, the most das- to American businesses all over the an environment, as some suggest, is tardly deed ever imagined on a people world? Will they be safe? too risky. was committed in this country. The I urge my colleagues to look at some The resolution we are considering is terrorist threat is alive and well. It of these questions. There is no plan. greatly improved from the draft the ad- ought to be the number one priority of Attack and then what? We have not ministration proposed, and I commend this country, of this President, to root been given a plan for striking nor a Leader GEPHARDT for negotiating these out terrorism, to make sure we bring plan for exiting. I think that is wrong. improvements. This resolution narrows the culprit who planned, organized, and And as Members of Congress who have the scope of action to the threats to attacked our Nation to justice. We pledged to represent over 600,000 people national security posed by Iraq and en- have not done that. Nothing should di- apiece, we owe our constituents that forcing compliance with U.N. resolu- vert us from that. answer, these very same constituents tions. There has been no intelligence, no in- whose sons and daughters will be on This resolution stresses a strong formation given to this Member, and I the front line risking their lives in a preference for peaceful and diplomatic might add my ranking member on the war where there has not yet been prov- action, authorizing the use of force Permanent Select Committee on Intel- en to be an imminent threat to our only if peaceful options have failed. ligence, that would say Saddam Hus- country. This resolution requires the Presi- sein is an imminent threat to America Mr. Speaker, over the next several dent to comply with the War Powers at this time. No information to the hours I ask my constituents to please Act and report regularly to Congress highest ranking Democrat on the Per- listen to the comments of our col- should military action become nec- manent Select Committee on Intel- leagues. And, again, I respect both essary, as well as after the use of force ligence. sides; but I think my constituents sent is completed. Does he have weapons? Can he harm? this Member here to represent and to This resolution addresses post-disar- Yes, he can. The President went to the report to them, and what I am report- mament Iraq and the role of the United United Nations and spoke before 189 ing today is that there is no informa- States and the international commu- nations of the world not long ago, and tion, no intelligence presented that ei- nity in rebuilding. the U.N. Security Council, which is ther this Member or our ranking mem- And of crucial importance, this reso- composed of many countries, China, ber on our Permanent Select Com- lution requires the President to certify Russia, Germany, France and others, mittee on Intelligence that Saddam to Congress that action in Iraq will not whose responsibility it is to act. And if Hussein is an imminent threat to our dilute our ability to wage the war on a unilateral strike were necessary country today. terrorism. right now, do any of us believe that Let the U.N. process work. Go in with Removing WMD from Iraq is an im- China, Russia, France, Germany, who unfettered inspections, and then let us portant priority, but it cannot replace are also a part of this world, would join make an intelligent response. Then our counterterrorism efforts at home with the United States? They have cho- multilaterally put the coalition to- and abroad. We must ensure we do not sen not to do so. Therefore, that leaves gether that we have to have to rid Iraq divert attention from protecting our the United States alone. of weapons of mass destruction. But homeland, beginning with the creation Yes, we are the most powerful. Yes, then also invest in America to save our of a Department of Homeland Security. this is a great country, and we want to health care institutions, to build new

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7314 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 schools. I am telling my colleagues, By exercising leadership in the world since his invasion of Kuwait would sug- and America, to rise up, to speak out. community, we will send a powerful gest that his disrespect for the rules of The time is now. message to Saddam and terrorists that civilized society has changed one iota. Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased peace-loving nations and peace-loving If anything, that disrespect has grown to yield 3 minutes to the distinguished people will not stand by silently as as he has arrogantly ignored U.N. reso- gentleman from Michigan (Mr. HOEK- they threaten the values that we stand lution after resolution, year after year. STRA), a member of the Permanent Se- for. In times of crisis, America has al- Do I hope for peace without war? Fer- lect Committee on Intelligence. ways led. Now is the time for the Presi- vently so. Because I represent 40,000 Mr. HOEKSTRA. Mr. Speaker, I dent, for this Congress, and for Amer- soldiers in my district who may be sent thank the chairman of the Permanent ica to once again show leadership in a off to that war, and I represent their Select Committee on Intelligence for dangerous world. families. Yet, sadly, 11 years of his ac- yielding me this time. Mr. CROWLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 tions suggest Saddam Hussein has no Mr. Speaker, I rise today to talk minutes to the gentleman from Texas respect for the principles of diplomacy about what will be the most difficult (Mr. EDWARDS). and peace. vote many of us will ever cast. The de- Mr. EDWARDS. Mr. Speaker, today I The responsibility to only use war as cision to authorize our President to use rise not as a Democrat, but as an a last resort does not negate the pro- force is never an easy one. Leadership American who shares the belief with found obligation of the President and is never easy. Like many people in my President Bush that, once and for all, Congress to protect American citizens district, I struggled with this decision. the time has come to end the threat of from weapons of mass destruction. The Just as I do not believe any of my con- Saddam Hussein and his weapons of United States as the one superpower in stituents wants to go to war, I do not mass destruction. For that reason, I in- the world has an abiding responsibility believe any person in this Chamber tend to support the authorization of to ensure that the terrorist attacks of wants to go to war. But there are those military force against Iraq, even as I September 11 do not become a prelude in this world who may leave us no hope and pray for peace. for biological, chemical or nuclear ter- choice. They have already declared war Saddam Hussein has been responsible rorism either here or anywhere in the on America. That is where we find our- for the murder and deaths of hundreds world. I respect President Bush, as I do his selves today. of thousands of men, women, and chil- father, for standing up to the menace Much has changed in our country dren. How many more people, how of Saddam Hussein. I applaud the since the attacks of September 11. We many more innocent victims must die President’s recent challenge to the have awakened to a world in which the at his hands before the world finally United Nations. The interest of our Na- threats that existed before only outside says enough is enough? tion and all nations will be served if of our borders are now very real inside Saddam Hussein has built chemical the U.N. enforces its resolutions of them. None of us will ever forget and biological weapons. He has pursued against Saddam Hussein and Iraq. But that day, the horror, and then explain- the ultimate weapon of terror, a nu- if the U.N. does not take decisive acing to our children how the most pow- clear bomb. How many more weapons tion, the threat posed by Saddam Hus- erful Nation in the world, in a matter of mass destruction must he build be- of seconds, became one of its most vul- sein and Iraq does not go away. fore the world finally says enough is Tigers do not change their stripes, nerable. enough? and Saddam Hussein has not changed On September 11 we lost over 3,000 There comes a time when a tyrant’s his. Not in 11 years, and not now. He people. They were ordinary Americans repeated disdain for the rules of civ- was a brutal dictator, a dangerous dic- going about the business of their lives ilized society makes it necessary for tator over 11 years ago; and he is a bru- when they became victims of the glob- society to protect itself. I say that tal, dangerous dictator today. The real war that terrorists have launched time is now. ality is diplomacy has failed and delay against America. They were not the Some of my colleagues in Congress could be dangerous. The time to act is first victims. Throughout the 1990s, al say, in good faith, let us continue to now. Qaeda and other terrorist organiza- try diplomacy with Saddam Hussein, Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 tions attacked our Nation. We did not and I respect their right to that view. minutes to the gentlewoman from heed the warning signs. We see these Eleven years ago, I too had hoped di- Florida (Mrs. MEEK), a member of the warning signs in Iraq now. plomacy would have worked, in that Committee on Appropriations, and a Saddam Hussein has already used case to stop Saddam Hussein from his teacher for over 50 years. This is the weapons of mass destruction against unprovoked aggression against his gentlewoman’s last term, and we ap- his own people and the people of Iran. neighbor, Kuwait. The Arab League preciate her service to our country. He has systematically thwarted every tried diplomacy and failed. The Euro- Mrs. MEEK of Florida. Mr. Speaker, I attempt by the United Nations to con- pean Community tried diplomacy and thank the gentleman for yielding me duct thorough inspections of his chem- failed. The United Nations tried diplo- this time. ical, biological and nuclear arms-mak- macy and failed. And for 11 long years As a woman of peace, I am compelled ing capabilities. He has ignored a dec- since, the world community, acting to rise in opposition to this resolution. ade-plus of U.N. resolutions. through the United Nations, has tried I oppose this resolution as someone The question now is how long do we to use diplomacy to convince Saddam who loves this country very deeply. wait? Do we wait for a dictator who has Hussein to destroy his weapons of mass Perhaps one would have had to have shown no limits in his willingness to destruction. grown up under segregation in the deep flaunt international law, to killing in- South, as I did, to truly appreciate how b 1200 nocent people? Do we wait to give al much this Nation means to me and how Qaeda or some other terrorist group a Once again, the world community honored I am to serve my country in weapon of mass destruction that Sad- and diplomacy have failed. Congress. dam Hussein has provided to them? Is that failure the fault of the United As one of the most senior Members of Mr. Speaker, there is no doubt that States, the United Nations? Absolutely Congress, few have seen what I have Saddam Hussein is a threat to our Na- not. The fault lies squarely with one seen in this Nation’s history. I remem- tion and to the peace of this planet. He person and one person alone, Saddam ber clearly the Japanese preemptive is a rogue leader seeking the world’s Hussein. He is the guilty one, not us. attack, or first strike, against the deadliest weapons, and there is little The reality is that Saddam Hussein United States that plunged us into doubt he will use them for his own evil is a terrorist of historic proportions World War II. We called it a sneak at- purposes. Now is the time for the U.S. who has gassed his own citizens and tack and an act of cowardice. They to lead, to demonstrate real leadership killed his own neighbors. Now with his called it a preemptive attack against a at the United Nations, to demonstrate weapons of mass destruction he is a foreign enemy that threatened their in- our conviction and resolve to the dis- genuine threat to his declared enemy, terests. sidents in Iraq that we stand with the United States. Nothing, absolutely I also remember clearly when we them. nothing Saddam Hussein has done went to war in South Korea, and after

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7315 50 years we are still in Korea. Since I As a leading member of the inter- Qaeda ‘‘suggest Baghdad’s links to terrorists have been in Congress these past 10 national community, the United States will increase, even absent U.S. military ac- years, I have supported every Defense must live and get along with and set tion.’’ In his speech to the nation Monday night, authorization and Defense appropria- example for the other nations of the Bush said: ‘‘Iraq could decide on any given tions bill, every one of them. I feel very world. If we claim the right to attack day to provide a biological or chemical weap- strongly that we need a strong na- other nations on our own, what would on to a terrorist group or individual terror- tional defense, and we need to be pre- we do when other nations claim that ists. Alliance with terrorists could allow the pared, and indeed we are. same right and then act upon it? The Iraqi regime to attack America without We are the strongest Nation in the world is filled with nations that al- leaving any fingerprints.’’ world, and number two is not even ready have weapons of mass destruc- The letter’s release shed light on a behind- close to us. I believe that our Nation the-scenes battle over Iraq-related intel- tion and that already have hate and ligence. The CIA’s detailed, unvarnished sets the standard for the world. What fear their neighbors. How would we view of the threat posed by Iraq is central, we do and how we do it has a huge im- contain the preemptive attacks by say many lawmakers, to how they will vote pact on the actions and things that other countries that would be justified on the matter. Yet an increasing number of other nations do. I also believe that we by our own actions? Such attacks intelligence officials, including former and need a strong Presidency. I felt that could even be directed against us. current intelligence agency employees, are way under President Clinton, and I feel Finally, I believe we should fully and concerned the agency is tailoring its public that way under President Bush. How- aggressively utilize every diplomatic stance to fit the administration’s views. The CIA works for the president, but its ever, we must use our power very care- option available to us. We have worked role is to provide him with information un- fully. We must set standards for other with the United Nations in the past, tainted by political agendas. nations and promote our security, our and we can do it again. Caught in the tug of war over intelligence, interests and our goals. A strong chief Mr. Speaker, this is not the world of say former intelligence officials familiar executive should not be an all-powerful President William McKinley. The real with current CIA intelligence and analysis chief executive; strong, but not all- and imminent threat to our Nation is on Iraq, has been the CIA’s rank and file, and powerful. to some extent, Tenet. from terrorism, not from other na- ‘‘There is a tremendous amount of pressure It is for these reasons I oppose this tions. on the CIA to substantiate positions that resolution. Mr. Speaker, I include the following have already been adopted by the adminis- Are we in imminent danger of at- for the RECORD. tration,’’ said Vincent Cannistraro, former tack? The claims of proof are lacking. ANALYSTS DISCOUNT ATTACK BY IRAQ head of counterterrorism at the CIA. Tenet last night released a statement that The media has reported today that the COUNTERATTACK IS CALLED POSSIBLE consensus of all relevant U.S. military was meant to dispel assertions that the let- (By Dana Priest) intelligence agencies is that Saddam ter contained new information that would Hussein is unlikely to initiate an at- Unprovoked by a U.S. military campaign, undercut the case Bush made in his speech. Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is unlikely ‘‘There is no inconsistency between our tack upon us. In fact, the relevant U.S. to initiate a chemical or biological attack view of Saddam’s growing threat and the intelligence agencies have concluded against the United States, intelligence agen- view as expressed by the President in this that the major threat to the United cies concluded in a classified report given to speech,’’ the statement read. ‘‘Although we States is not a first strike but the select senators last week. think the chances of Saddam initiating a weapons of mass destruction against However, the report added, ‘‘should Sad- WMD attack at this moment are low—in our invading troops. dam conclude that a US-led attack could no part because it would constitute an admis- Is Saddam Hussein an enemy? Yes, he longer be deterred,’’ he might launch a sion that he possesses WMD—there is no is. Is Saddam Hussein interested in chemical-biological counterattack. Hussein question that the likelihood of Saddam using might ‘‘decide that the extreme step of as- WMD against the United States or our allies military conquests? Unquestionably. sisting Islamist terrorists in conducting a in the region for blackmail, deterrence, or Do we need to take action against him WMD [weapons of mass destruction] attack otherwise grows as his arsenal continues to to dismantle any existing weapons and against the United States would be his last build.’’ prevent the construction of others? chance to exact vengeance by taking a large In explaining why the items in the letter Emphatically yes. But is he an immi- number of victims with him.’’ were not also released before, Tenet said he nent threat to the United States? The The assessment was first made in a classi- did not want to provide ‘‘Saddam a blueprint answer is, no. Such a serious threat fied National Intelligence Estimate, which of our intelligence capabilities and short- comings, or with insight into our expecta- that we have no choice but to imme- includes the analysis and opinions of all relevant U.S. intelligence agencies, that was tions of how he will and will not act.’’ diately attack him? The President sim- given to the Senate intelligence committee Still, he noted, the agency could neverthe- ply has not even come close to proving last week. A declassified ‘‘white paper’’ on less declassify further information not pre- his case on that to me, representing Iraq was released days later. At the urging of viously disclosed. Included in his letter were over 600,000 people, or to the American the committee, which is controlled by Demo- snippets of an Oct. 2 closed-door session. people, nor have those who are pro- crats, additional portions of the classified in- Included in that was questioning by Sen. moting this war. telligence report were declassified by the Carl M. Levin (D-Mich.), in which he asked an unnamed intelligence official whether it Under such shaky justifications when CIA Monday and released last night. With lawmakers poised to vote this week ‘‘is likely that [Hussein] would initiate an we have other options, why are we in attack using a weapon of mass destruction? such a hurry to start a war? Why are on a resolution giving President Bush authority to attack Iraq, the new intelligence The official answered: ‘‘. . . in the fore- there so many people beating the report offers grist both for supporters and seeable future, given the conditions we un- drums of war? My answer to this reso- critics of the administration’s policy. The derstand now, the likelihood I think would lution is that we do not have clear evi- CIA assessment appears to suggest that an be low.’’ dence, we do not have a demonstrated attack on Iraq could provoke the very thing Levin asked: ‘‘If we initiate an attack and he thought he was in extremis . . . what’s imminent threat, and so we do not the president has said he is trying to forestall; the use of chemical or biological weap- the likelihood in response to our attack that have a compelling reason to pass this he would use chemical or biological weap- resolution. ons by Hussein. But the CIA also declassified other ele- ons?’’ As I said, I believe in a strong chief The answer came: ‘‘Pretty high, in my ments of analysis that seem to back up the executive, but I also believe in a strong view.’’ president’s assertion that Iraq has active In his letter, Tenet responded to senators’ constitutional government. Only Con- ties to al Qaeda—a growing feature of the ad- gress has the authority under the Con- questions about Iraq’s connections to al ministration’s case for considering military Qaeda. ‘‘We have sold reporting of senior stitution to declare war. This resolu- action. level contacts between Iraq and Al Quada tion authorizes the use of force imme- Among the intelligence assessments link- going back a decade,’’ Tenet wrote. ‘‘Credible diately regardless of our efforts to gain ing Iraq with al Qaeda is ‘‘credible report- information’’ also indicates that Iraq and al the support and assent of the other na- ing’’ that the group’s ‘‘leaders sought con- Qaeda ‘‘have discussed safe haven and recip- tions that share the world with us. I tacts in Iraq who could help them acquire rocal non-aggression.’’ WMD capabilities,’’ according to a letter to am certainly not willing to approve senators from CIA Director George J. Tenet. Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I would like this blank check to give such power to Tenet added: ‘‘Iraq’s increasing support to to inquire about the division of time. any President, whether he be Democrat extremist Palestinians, coupled with grow- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. or Republican. ing indications of a relationship’’ with al ISAKSON). The gentleman from Illinois

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7316 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 (Mr. HYDE) has 1 hour 47 minutes re- the status of our Nation’s preparation months together and not all fun; but it maining; the gentleman from Cali- for chemical and biological attacks. I is a very, very serious thing. fornia (Mr. LANTOS) has 1 hour 25 min- know firsthand the need to eliminate I would like to start off my com- utes remaining; the gentleman from this threat while we continue with our ments by saying that this Member, al- New Jersey (Mr. PAYNE) has 1 hour 2 preparation. though I am a veteran, as many are minutes remaining; and the gentleman As a member of the Permanent Se- here, I am not a hawk, I am not a dove. from Florida (Mr. GOSS) has 441⁄2 min- lect Committee on Intelligence, I have I am a concerned American who wants utes remaining. reviewed the evidence of Iraqi’s weap- our country and our people to be safe. Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 ons programs and its increasing ties to I have had some of those sleepless minutes to the gentleman from North international terror. I have partici- nights. I think of the gentleman from Carolina (Mr. BURR), a member of the pated in countless hearings on the ter- California (Mr. CUNNINGHAM). I think of Permanent Select Committee on Intel- ror threat and the state of the war the gentleman from Texas (Mr. SAM ligence. against terrorism. I have seen, heard JOHNSON), the price he paid. I think of (Mr. BURR of North Carolina asked and read things that keep me awake at the gentleman from Florida (Mr. BOYD) and was given permission to revise and night. and the gentleman from California (Mr. extend his remarks.) Iraq brings the dangers of chemical THOMPSON) and many others who have Mr. BURR of North Carolina. Mr. and biological weapons, their use, and served and know something as well as Speaker, I thank the gentleman from international terrorism together in one I what it is like to face war. It is not a good thing. Florida (Mr. GOSS) for not only his clear, defined threat. Addressing this I am a member of the Permanent Se- leadership as chairman of the Perma- threat is mandated by our duty to pro- lect Committee on Intelligence, and I nent Select Committee on Intelligence tect our Nation’s rights and interests. have tried to prepare myself with but also for the gentleman’s leadership The reason for my support of this knowledge and information, and some in the debate on this issue on this resolution, Mr. Speaker, is simple. No things I am convinced of and I would floor. matter how well we protect our bor- Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the share with you today. I am convinced ders, increase our military spending that Saddam Hussein has weapons of resolution, but I want to take a mo- and strengthen our intelligence com- mass destruction. I am convinced that ment to thank my colleagues who seek munity, we cannot secure our home- he has the chemical and biological and a peaceful solution to this crisis. I, too, land without eliminating the threat he wants very badly to have the nu- would prefer peace to war. Saddam Hussein’s weapons present to clear; and given a chance, he will have As Thomas Jefferson wrote to An- America and to the world. We must them. I am convinced that he would drew Jackson in 1806, ‘‘Always a friend find them. We must destroy them. We use them. He is a despot. No question to peace, and believing it to promote must be prepared to take action when about it in my mind. But he would not the happiness and prosperity of man- the international community will not, only use them, I think he would make kind, I am ever unwilling that it and we must fulfill our duty. them available to others if they came should be disturbed, as long as the I will conclude with President Jeffer- to buy or he would even give them to rights and interests of the Nation can son’s letter to John Adams in Sep- them. be preserved.’’ tember 1821. ‘‘The flames kindled on So I am very concerned about this, Jefferson went on to say in this let- the 4th of July, 1776, have spread over and I have had my sleepless nights. It ter, when our rights and interests are too much of the globe to be extin- almost reminds me of some of the threatened, ‘‘we must meet our duty guished by the feeble engine of des- times going into a major operation and convince the world that we are just potism; on the contrary, they will con- when I was in Vietnam. It was pretty friends and brave enemies.’’ sume these engines and all who work hard to sleep when we knew that lives Mr. Speaker, the rights and the in- them.’’ would be lost that next day and we terests of our Nation are threatened One wonders what President Jeffer- might have to write the letters to the today. Voting to send our military into son would say about the weapons avail- next of kin, the moms, the dads and battle, even potential battle, is among able to our enemies on this day at this the husbands, the spouses about how the hardest things we will do as Mem- time. Today, the bright flames of July their son paid the supreme sacrifice bers of Congress. It is not a duty to 4th find themselves in struggle with that day. take lightly. However, I have come to the dark fires of September 11. Those I served 20 years, served a couple of the realization that there are times fires, lit by the enemies of freedom, tours over in NATO. I know something when such votes are necessary. This is cannot be allowed to prevail. Will we about the international relationship one of those times. allow them to advance, possibly in the that needs to be there as we go into The threat to our Nation from Sad- ashes of a nuclear holocaust, or will we this world that we live in today. It is a dam Hussein’s weapons programs and extinguish them before they gain a very, very serious matter, and I have his growing ties to the networks of foothold? Those dark fires may not no quarrel with those that have spoken international terror cannot be under- have been lit in Baghdad, but they are just as the last speaker. I respect that. estimated and should not be ignored. certainly fanned from that city. But I am concerned about the tomor- Willful blindness to this threat will not It is time to extinguish those fires. row for my children and my grand- make it go away. The evidence is clear, the cause is just, children. In a little more than a decade, we and timing is of the essence. We must I know that when I went to Vietnam, have sent our Armed Forces to war on give our President the tools he needs to I settled my family there in a little behalf of the Kuwaitis, the Saudis, the protect our Nation, our interests, and farm there in southern Iowa the night Somalis, the Bosnians, and the our citizens. before I was to leave. My little daugh- Kosovars. Some in our military made Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to ter, who now has a teen-age child, the ultimate sacrifice. support this resolution. came out to the yard where my wife It may soon prove necessary to send Mr. CROWLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 7 and I were sitting and having kind of a our troops to war on behalf and in de- minutes to the gentleman from Iowa quiet moment as the sun was going on. fense of the American people. I cannot (Mr. BOSWELL). She said, Daddy don’t go. So I said, in good conscience ignore the dangers Sweetheart, I’m a soldier. I have to go. posed by Iraq to my constituents, in- b 1215 She said, Please don’t go. I am afraid. cluding the servicemen and women who (Mr. BOSWELL asked and was given Think about this, your own child: I am call North Carolina home. Inaction on permission to revise and extend his re- afraid you may not come back. So I our part may very well be more costly marks.) tried to give her assurance as I had the to our Nation than action. The threat Mr. BOSWELL. Mr. Speaker, I thank first time I had gone that I would come is real. the gentleman from New York (Mr. back. Lucky for me, I did; but every- As a member of the Committee on CROWLEY), for yielding me this time, body did not come back. So I under- Energy and Commerce, I have heard and the chairman of our committee. stand that this is one of the most seri- testimony from countless officials on We have had an interesting several ous things we deal with.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7317 I had the occasion to get invited over make. And I am proud to have served but it is not the only answer. Will war to the White House 2 weeks ago tomor- with the gentleman from California solve the Iraqi problem and wipe out row with several of my colleagues. (Mr. CUNNINGHAM), as I see him on the terrorism in the world as we know it? Some of my colleagues might be listen- floor now, and the others I have men- Maybe, but probably not. Our actions ing. And I was one of the four or five tioned. But our country is a precious may simply spur greater resentment that the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. thing, and we have to save it for the fu- against our increasingly imperial BLUNT), the gentleman from Texas (Mr. ture; and this is our moment to deal power, producing an endless stream of EDWARDS), a few were there and others with this now. new enemies finding new and terrifying to have dialogue with the President. Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 ways to attack us. And I said to the President I think that minutes to the gentlewoman from New What we must do at this critical he is right, that the U.N. ought to lead York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ). She is the rank- juncture in our Nation’s history is to on this. That is their charter and their ing member on the Committee on affirm American values of peace, jus- responsibility. But they might not. If Small Business, a spokesperson for tice, and democracy. These values are he really believes hard facts that Sad- women and minority businesses. what brought this country to the pre- dam has had his finger on the trigger Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise eminent position as the ‘‘indispensable or he may have, we have to deal with in strong opposition to House Joint Nation,’’ and they are the reason why this, but let us have the American peo- Resolution 114. This so-called com- we embody the hopes and aspirations of ple behind this. promise resolution on Iraq is not com- people around the world. We must not I will give a contrast. When we sent promise at all, but a blank check to let them down. We demonstrate our our troops off to Desert Storm, the give President Bush unprecedented peaceful intent by pursuing diplomatic communities were behind the troops power to launch preemptive war on means to pressure the Iraqi regime. We when they left, when they were there, Iraq. There is no justification for such may pursue justice by seeking an in- and they brought them back. By con- an action, and the case that the admin- dictment of Saddam Hussein for war trast I said, Mr. President, I went to istration has made is suspect at best. crimes in the International Criminal Vietnam twice. The American people Even though we are engaged in a war Court, and we must affirm our demo- were not behind us. It was pretty tough on terrorism, here we are today, no cratic values by consulting allies and to go and give everything we had to mention of Osama bin Laden, no men- working with the United Nations to re- fulfill the commitment that we were tion of how this resolution accom- solve this crisis. But the enumeration given, the mission to give all we had plishes the goal we all stood unified on of Iraq’s past crimes, concerns over and not have the American people be- 1 year ago. preemption and our place in the world, hind us. And they were not. Not only has the case not been made pale when compared to the reality of And I said, Mr. President, remember to the American people, we have not sending our young men and women how we left Vietnam? We were thrown made the case to the international into harm’s way. We know that some of out. I remember the scene, people fall- community, and we cannot go it alone. them will die. ing off the helicopters trying to get out We cannot act unilaterally. We must Before we vote to send them to war, of the embassy. But what did we bring work closely with the United Nations we must be able to look in the eyes of back? We brought back 56,000 body and other countries in the global com- the mothers and fathers whose sons bags, and some of us have put people in munity. Without them we cannot move and daughters have died for us and tell those body bags and carried them back towards a new, more peaceful world. them that their sacrifice was worth it. I cannot do that today in good con- to the collection point. But the Amer- We need to be mindful that we were science, and that is why I will vote ican people were not with us. able to act quickly and decisively dur- So if he commits our troops, have ing the Gulf War because we stood as a ‘‘no.’’ Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 good cause, have his facts straight and world community. Today we stand minutes to the distinguished gen- tell the American people. He has been alone. Is Saddam Hussein evil? Abso- tleman from Georgia (Mr. CHAMBLISS), doing that. I think there has been a lutely. But we have not been shown chairman of the Subcommittee on constant stream, Mr. Speaker, going that there is an imminent threat com- Human Intelligence, Analysis and over to the White House to talk about pelling us to act. We know what an im- Counterintelligence of the Permanent this; and I think that his speech and minent threat looks like. We saw it Select Committee on Intelligence. the other things he has done, his trip during the Cuban Missile Crisis, in the (Mr. CHAMBLISS asked and was to the United Nations, he is making buildup to the Six-Day War in the Mid- given permission to revise and extend the efforts to do what is right, and I dle East, and when Iraqi tanks poised his remarks.) hope he is being straightforward and on the border with Kuwait in 1990. By Mr. CHAMBLISS. Mr. Speaker, I honest about it. I accept his statement contrast, the evidence here looks more strongly support President Bush and that he said to us, to me, ‘‘The last like the Gulf of Tonkin. this resolution to authorize the use of thing I want to do is to send our troops War is our last resort, not our first force to defend the national security of into harm’s way.’’ option. The United States must ex- the United States against the con- I am accepting that and I am also haust all diplomatic channels before tinuing threat posed by Iraq. It is im- saying to the President that it is up to waging another war. The President portant to note that the thrust of the him in his position as leader, Presi- needs to work closely with the inter- resolution is to remove the capability dent, Commander in Chief, that he national community to demand com- from Saddam Hussein to deliver weap- keep the American people informed pletely unfettered inspections of Iraq’s ons of mass destruction. The oppressive that they understand and that they weapons of mass destruction programs. regime of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hus- know that this country is doing this With continued pressure from the sein is a clear and present danger to because we want to preserve it safely world’s only superpower, we can pres- international peace and stability, par- for our future, for our children, my sure the Iraqi Government to allow ticularly to the United States. The grandchildren, my teen-age grandchild. United Nations inspectors in so we can threat to the national security of the Cindy who was so worried about her know exactly what Saddam Hussein United States is real. dad going, of course, is concerned has in his weapons arsenal before we For 11 years Saddam has systemati- about her son and others across this act. At this time we do not have such cally violated United Nations Security country. firm information, only the past record Council resolutions. We know that Iraq If he is the person we think he is, of the Iraqi regime. If we did have this is aggressively pursuing the develop- then we have to be ready to tell him do information and if this government ment of weapons of mass destruction, not do it or the consequences will be consults with, rather than dictates to, supporting international terrorism, in- severe, and that is what has brought our allies and the international com- cluding harboring terrorists and re- me from this point today from unde- munity, only then could we act against pressing minorities within Iraq. cided and walking the floor to say that the threat that Iraq poses. However, I am most troubled by the I will support this resolution. It is a We do need to act, but we do not need Iraqi regime’s persistent efforts to ac- hard decision, but it is one we have to to rush into war. War is one answer, quire biological, chemical, and nuclear

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7318 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 weapons, as well as long-range mis- Mr. Speaker, if you take every emo- I intend to support the resolution. It siles. In a report released by the CIA tion you have ever felt, of love, anger, is a fact, Mr. Speaker, that Saddam last week, the intelligence community hate, it swells up in a person. If you Hussein has produced thousands of tons confirmed that since U.N. inspections can imagine what it is like to see a of chemical agents and used them ended in 1998, Iraq has continued its de- friend or friends go down in flames, and against Iran and 40 Iraqi villages. He termined efforts to maintain a chem- even more know how that is going to has rebuilt facilities that were used to ical weapons capability, invested heav- affect the families, this vote rips my manufacture chemical and biological ily in developing biological weapons, heart out. weapons in violation of the truce that rebuilt missile facilities, and is work- But, yet, being on the Permanent Se- ended the Persian Gulf War. He posing to build unmanned aerial vehicles lect Committee on Intelligence and the sesses ballistic missiles with a range as a lethal means to deliver biological Committee on Armed Services, I would great enough to strike Saudi Arabia, and chemical agents. Moreover, it is tell my friends that disagree, I believe Israel, Turkey and other nations in the clear that Saddam Hussein is intent on with every fiber in my heart that it is region, where more than 135,000 Amer- acquiring nuclear weapons. Experts be- necessary to give the President the ican civilians and service personnel lieve that if the Iraq regime can get its flexibility to stop not only terrorists now live and work. hands on highly enriched uranium, it is but Saddam Hussein, because I believe He has a fleet of manned and un- very likely that Iraq could build a nu- that threat will reach the shores of the manned aerial vehicles that could be clear weapon in less than a year. This United States. used to disperse chemical and biologi- is a threat we cannot allow to mature. Mr. CROWLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 6 cal weapons across broad areas. It b 1230 minutes to the gentleman from Geor- would not take sophisticated delivery gia (Mr. BISHOP), the ranking member systems to deliver these chemical and Iraq’s obstruction of U.N. inspectors of the Subcommittee on Technical and biological agents to harm the 135,000 and extensive efforts to hide its mass Tactical Intelligence of the Permanent Americans I have cited. destruction efforts seem to make it ob- Select Committee on Intelligence. We do not know the extent of his nu- vious that the current regime cannot Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Speaker, I thank clear weapons development since he be trusted. Let there be no mistake the gentleman for yielding me time. threw out the inspectors 4 years ago, about it. As the number one target of Mr. Speaker, today the Members of but we do know he was just months Saddam Hussein’s wrath, there is no this body are called to face an awesome away from success; and in spite of U.N. question as to who these dangerous challenge and a very perplexing di- prohibitions, he has continued his weapons would be used against; that is, lemma. We must decide whether or not the United States and our friends. The quest. He has had 4 years of unre- to authorize the President to use the cost of inaction will be paid for with stricted freedom to pursue his nasty Armed Forces of the United States as the blood of innocent Americans. goals. In addition to the fact that our mili- he determines to be necessary and ap- We know that, as good as our intel- tary is targeted almost daily by the propriate to defend the national secu- ligence community is, 9/11 and numer- Iraqi military in the no-fly zones, the rity of the United States against the ous inquiries thereafter have proven Iraqi regime has engaged in despicable continuing threat posed by Iraq and en- that our intelligence community is not acts. They attempted to assassinate force all relevant United Nations Secu- perfect. We need unfettered, unre- former President George Bush and the rity Council resolutions regarding Iraq. stricted international inspections to Emir of Kuwait and have offered re- The measure requires that before get accurate information on compli- wards to the families of suicide bomb- military action is begun or as soon ance or noncompliance. ers. Not only does Iraq harbor inter- thereafter as feasible, but not later History is replete with evidence that, national terrorist organizations such than 48 hours, the President must re- without a show of force, Saddam will as al Qaeda, Abu Nidal and the MEK, port to Congress that all diplomatic ef- not respond. I believe that empowering the Iraqi regime has direct links to forts to protect the security of the the President to use Armed Forces to international terrorist groups and con- United States against the threat posed assure that Saddam has no weapons of tinues to provide support, training and by Iraq or to enforce all relevant U.N. mass destruction to threaten the lives resources to terrorists. resolutions regarding Iraq have been of American civilians and service mem- President Bush has demonstrated un- exhausted. bers and innocent neighbors or to give ambiguous and forceful leadership in The resolution also requires that the terrorists, this will give Secretary addressing the Iraqi threat. He has President must report to the Congress Powell the strength that he needs to clearly explained the threat the cur- that military action against Iraq is get a strong U.N. resolution. rent Iraqi dictator poses in the world consistent with our continued actions When he goes to the Security Coun- and made a very strong case for the against international terrorists, in- cil, he needs to be carrying a big stick, need for a regime change in Iraq. The cluding those responsible for 9/11. speaking with unquestioned resolve of President stated his case before the The resolution states that it is con- the Congress and the American people. United Nations and has reached out to sistent with the War Powers Act and I do not take lightly the risks that an international coalition of partners constitutes specific authorization with- our sons and daughters will be sent who share our concerns about the cur- in the meaning of the War Powers Act. into harm’s way. I do not take lightly rent regime in Iraq. It states that Congress supports the the unprecedented probability of uni- The American people can show by President’s efforts to strictly enforce lateral action by the United States, support of this resolution that we through the United Nations Security but we live in a new and different and stand 100 percent behind the President Council all relevant Security Council dangerous time, and the threat of of the United States to remove the ca- resolutions applicable to Iraq and en- weapons of mass destruction demand pability of delivery of weapons of mass courages him in those efforts, supports that we take unprecedented actions to destruction from Saddam Hussein. I his efforts to obtain prompt and deci- protect America, her people and civ- urge support of this resolution. sive action by the Security Council to ilized nations from the death and de- Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, ensure that Iraq abandons its strategy struction of a Saddam Hussein. will the gentleman yield? of delay, evasion, noncompliance and Mr. Speaker, I support the adoption Mr. CHAMBLISS. Mr. Speaker, I promptly and strictly complies with all of the resolution. I support the Spratt yield to my distinguished friend from of the relevant Security Council reso- substitute, but there must be California, a Vietnam decorated vet- lutions. verification, there must be inspections; eran, the Top Gun. It requires the President at least and the time to assure the safety of Mr. CUNNINGHAM. I thank the gen- once every 60 days to report to the Americans, and the safety of the world, tleman for yielding. Congress on the matters relevant to is now. Mr. Speaker, a few minutes ago I was this resolution, including the use of Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 53⁄4 unable to finish my discussion. I hate force and on efforts to support Iraq’s minutes to the gentlewoman from not being in control. But I would like transition to democracy after Saddam Georgia (Ms. MCKINNEY), the ranking to finish it at this time. Hussein is gone. member on the Subcommittee on

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7319 Human Rights of the Committee on Will we let this President create yet parent wants for their grandchildren, an envi- International Relations. another generation of veterans to ronment where she is able to grow up secure Ms. MCKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, I share whom we have broken our promise? I and safe, living the experience of freedom the same revulsion that many others see too many of these veterans sleeping upon which our Nation was founded. Sep- have toward Saddam Hussein. We all on our streets. The President can see tember 11th reminded us that in order to pro- know that he is brutal and that his re- them, too, if he would just look. They tect freedom we must not turn a blind eye to gime has terrorized the Iraqi people sleep on the sidewalks, the benches and the real dangers around the World in hopes and the peoples of nearby countries. the heating vents just across the street that they will not affect us. But there was a time not so long ago from the White House. And, sadly, one After numerous briefings on Iraq and the ac- when, despite all of this, we chose to of the first things our President did tivities of its leader—Saddam Hussein—there allow him to be our friend. There was a after he declared this war on terrorism is no doubt in my mind that he is clear and time when we supplied him with chem- was to deprive our young men and present danger to the United States and free- ical weapons and other military tech- women who are now fighting on the dom loving people around the World. nology. front lines of their high deployment The evidence mounts with each passing If our Nation really cared about overtime pay. He does not even want to day. Many analysts believe that Iraq may be, Iraq’s neighbors, we would never have pay them. or become, a breeding ground and source of supplied him the military arsenal that Mr. Speaker, do we give this Presi- support for terrorism. Iraq retains its arsenal of we did. And if we really cared about his dent the green light to go to war with chemical and biological weapons, and there is people, we would have done something Iraq based on evidence which many strong evidence that it is also developing nu- to alleviate the suffering of the Kurds, weapons experts believe to be exagger- clear weapons. There is no way of knowing for who for years have been brutalized by ated? Are we now turning a blind eye sure the extent of Iraq’s plans or capabilities, the Iraqi military. If we cared about to another Gulf of Tonkin-type inci- since U.N. weapons. There is no way of know- the Iraqi people, we would have done dent? Should we not trust the legal and ing for sure the extent of Iraq’s plans or capa- something to lift the burdens imposed diplomatic means of the United Na- bilities, since U.N. weapons inspectors were on them by U.N. sanctions, which to tions? forced out of the country in 1998, and since date have claimed in excess of an esti- Do we give the President the green Iraq’s current government seems committed to mated 500,000 Iraqi children. But the light to go to war in Iraq because it has hiding weapons of mass destruction, delaying truth is we did not really care about refused to comply with U.N. Security the return of inspectors, and making inspec- any of that suffering. Madeline Council weapons inspections resolution efforts ineffective. Albright even said that the price of tions? At the same time, Israel refuses 500,000 dead Iraqi children was worth it. to comply with U.N. resolutions with Saddam Hussein governs his country by de Now, however, we claim to care. respect to the occupied territories. Do facto dictatorship, and has a long history of Now, Saddam Hussein has just be- we have different standards for dif- human rights abuses against his own people. come another name on a long list of ferent countries? And, based on the actions of Iraq’s current other tyrants who we once aided and Mr. Speaker, the Cuban missile crisis government under Hussein, it would be short- abetted but now oppose. and the Gulf of Tonkin, if they taught sighted and naı¨ve to assume that Iraq’s inten- But what to do? In the past, other ty- us anything, they taught us the dan- tions through his actions are benign. rants we have grown tired of were as- gers of choosing the military option I believe that a regime change in Iraq is in sassinated, like Jonas Savimbi; or over diplomatic and legal alternatives. the best interest of the United States and our charged with war crimes, like Slobodan The current terrorist crisis con- allies. And, I believe that, as we have done Milosevic; or forced from power fronting our Nation is so much bigger throughout our history, the United States must through U.S.-backed uprisings, like and more complicated than this call one again display our leadership in the fight Mobutu Sese Seko. for war on Iraq. Should we miscalcu- against terrorism throughout the World and President Bush is confronted with late our military actions in Iraq, we eliminate the threat to security imposed by the ‘‘what to do question.’’ He appears could cause many American service- Iraq. men and women to lose their lives. to be choosing war to get rid of this ty- While this resolution authorizes military ac- Needless to say, we could also cause rant; and, of course, he has to justify tion, I will hold out hope that it will be used untold numbers of Iraqis to be killed or it. That is the public relations part of only as a last resort. injured. Worse still, instead of solving the equation. History has taught us that freedom is not The words ‘‘Gulf of Tonkin’’ have the current threat of terrorism against free. echoed around Washington this last us, going to war in Iraq might well month, with many people concerned make things far worse for us, both at Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 that the Bush Administration is now home and abroad. minutes to the gentleman from Ala- manufacturing an international crisis I hope and pray that we choose our bama (Mr. EVERETT), a distinguished in order to launch a preemptive mili- options carefully; and, for that reason, member of the committee. tary strike against Saddam Hussein. I will be voting no on this resolution to Mr. EVERETT. Mr. Speaker, when I In 1964, there were some courageous go to war in Iraq. was elected to the United States House Members of this House who knew that b 1245 of Representatives, I took an oath to protect and defend the United States the Gulf of Tonkin incident was a po- Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield such litical ruse being used by the Johnson against all enemies, foreign and domes- time as he may consume to the distin- tic. Fortunately, in my 10 years in Con- administration in order to justify the guished gentleman from Iowa (Mr. United States going to war in Vietnam. gress, we have had few opportunities to LATHAM). vote on authorizing the use of military For their courage to speak out and re- (Mr. LATHAM asked and was given force to protect our country from these sist, they suffered a tidal wave of pub- permission to revise and extend his re- enemies. Authorization of military lic ridicule. But we now know that marks.) they were right and that the Vietnam Mr. LATHAM. Mr. Speaker, I rise in force is one of the most solemn deci- War was a monumental mistake that support of our national security and in sions that we can make as Members of cost the lives of some 60,000 brave support of this resolution. Congress, and it is a decision that must young Americans and hundreds of Mr. Speaker I rise today to join my col- be made only after thoughtful and thousands of Vietnamese. leagues that are in support of this resolution. prayerful consideration. And, still, we have many Americans Last year there were two very significant Our Nation now faces a clear and and Vietnamese who suffer the health events in my life—one was the birth of my first present danger from the regime of Iraqi effects of Agent Orange and other tox- grandchild, Emerson Ann. The second was President Saddam Hussein. Saddam ins faced on the battlefield. And all the September 11th attack on our Nation. both has been without international super- across the American and European of these events had a deep impact on me per- vision; and I have received informa- landscape today, veterans still suffer sonally. tion, both from public and from classi- from Gulf War Syndrome and exposure I want for Emerson Ann what every parent fied hearings, that suggests that the to depleted uranium. wants for their children, and what every grand- Iraqi regime could be merely months

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7320 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 away from attaining the necessary re- Mr. CROWLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 6 Now, I think that is the evidence sources to complete his mission of de- minutes to the gentleman from Indiana that we are voting on today. I think veloping nuclear weapons. (Mr. ROEMER), a member of the Perma- that is the reason for our resolution Saddam has made it clear that he nent Select Committee on Intelligence. going forward. will do whatever is necessary to pro- (Mr. ROEMER asked and was given Secondly, I am voting for this be- hibit inspections of his compounds for permission to revise and extend his re- cause this resolution has gone in a the purpose of determining the extent marks.) more positive direction from when the to which he has stockpiled the nec- Mr. ROEMER. Mr. Speaker, I want to Bush administration first introduced essary components to produce these thank my friend, the gentleman from it. It is narrowed in scope to Iraq in- weapons. He has the technology and New York (Mr. CROWLEY), for yielding stead of broadly applying to the region. the know-how to build such a device. me this time. It applies to try to put together diplo- All that he lacks is materials. The In- I want to begin by quoting General matic and multilateral efforts. These, telligence community says that Iraq is William Sherman in the Civil War who Mr. President, should be exhaustive be- 3 to 5 years away from developing a nu- simply stated, ‘‘War is hell.’’ And I can fore we engage in war in Baghdad or in clear device if it has to produce its own also say, having visited the Pentagon Iraq. I think this resolution has moved nuclear bomb material, and months the night of the attacks on September in a positive direction in terms of en- away if it acquires this material from 11 and visiting New York City at gagement and consultation with Con- outside sources. The problem is, we do Ground Zero just a few days after the gress and the War Powers Act. So that not know when the clock started on ei- attacks, that terrorism is hell; and the is the second reason I intend to vote ther scenario. pain and agony that that has inflicted for this. Additionally, Saddam’s government on our country, on men and women and Mr. Speaker, thirdly, 15 days after has repeatedly violated the 1991 cease- children and families, has been excru- Desert Storm ended in 1991, the U.N. fire agreement that ended the Persian ciating. And this resolution that we de- started passing one of its 16 resolutions Gulf War and Iraq’s obligation to un- bate in this Chamber today and will to say we must look into Iraq and in- conditionally disarm its weapons of vote on tomorrow is one of the most spect the sites where they are devel- mass destruction. Not only does Sad- difficult, heart-stabbing, gut-wrench- oping these weapons. That has been ig- dam Hussein continue to halt the will ing votes that one can cast. nored for the past 10 years. Not only of the international community with My first vote as a freshman was on has it been ignored, but Saddam Hus- regard to inspections, he continues to the Persian Gulf War, which had some- sein said, you will not look, you will shoot at coalition aircraft patrolling thing to do with Saddam Hussein in- not investigate, you will not inspect the northern and southern no-fly zones vading Kuwait, and now one of my last these compounds, presidential palaces, daily. votes will be on war. And in between, so-called compounds, some of which For us not to recognize the clear and we have had votes on Somalia and are 12.5 square miles. The city of D.C. present danger that the Iraqi regime of Kosovo and Bosnia, and we have had a is 67 square miles. That is a fifth of the Saddam Hussein represents to our vote to declare war on terrorism. These size of our Nation’s Capital of one com- country would be tragically wrong. We are difficult, excruciating votes that I pound that Saddam Hussein does not must protect and defend our Nation think every Member in this body takes want our inspectors or the world com- against this madman and his ability to extremely seriously. munity anywhere near. destroy tens of thousands of Ameri- I will vote in favor of the President’s Mr. Speaker, the Democrats said in cans. resolution for three reasons. One is be- their policy platform of the year 2000, The resolution authorizing the use of cause of the chemical and biological we did not talk about preemptive military force that we are considering and nuclear threat that Saddam Hus- strikes; we talked about forward en- today gives the President the flexi- sein poses with these weapons. I have bility and authority he needs to pro- gagement as part of our foreign policy to say that I do not think the adminis- tect the American people while, at the to try to stop, whether it be in the en- tration has made the case with connec- same time, preserving the prerogatives vironment or in war, bad things from tions to al Qaeda, nor have they made of Congress. happening. Let us exhaust our diplo- The findings at the beginning of this the case with connections to 9–11. But matic means, but let us use the force of resolution offer more than enough evi- I think in a compelling and convincing war and the threat of war with Saddam dence of Saddam Hussein’s crimes. The fashion, we must, in post-9–11 concern, Hussein to open up these compounds authorization in section 3 has been ap- be very aware of how these weapons and these presidential palaces and have propriately modified in a bipartisan can be used against the United States, the world look at these sites and rid manner. It authorizes the use of mili- even in America, against our allies in Iraq of the weapons of mass destruc- tary force as the President determines the region, and all over the world. tion. necessary and appropriate to: ‘‘(1), de- When airplanes filled with people and Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 fend the national security of the gasoline can be commandeered and minutes to the gentleman from Texas United States against the continuing flown into our buildings in America, we (Mr. REYES), a member of the Perma- threat posed by Iraq; and (2), enforce can only imagine what can be done, not nent Select Committee on Intelligence all relevant United Nations Security just with a vial of smallpox that Sad- and the ranking member of the Sub- Council resolutions regarding Iraq.’’ dam Hussein or some other terrorist committee on Benefits of the Com- The resolution also requires a timely group may have, but we are talking mittee on Veterans’ Affairs. ‘‘presidential determination’’ that all about a few hundred metric tons of Mr. REYES. Mr. Speaker, I thank the means short of war have been ex- chemical weapons that Iraq possesses. gentleman for yielding me time on this hausted, and that acting pursuant to We are talking about, and I quote from very important issue that we debate. this authorization is consistent with a declassified CIA report: ‘‘Baghdad has There are many things that make me ongoing activities in the war against begun renewed production of chemical proud to be an American. One of them terrorism. warfare agents, probably including is to be here today to be able to debate Finally, this resolution contains re- mustard, sarin, cyclosarin, and VX.’’ It this issue. As my previous colleague porting requirements to ensure that goes on to say, ‘‘Saddam probably has stated when he quoted a general that Congress and the American people are stocked a few hundred metric tons of said that war is hell, take it from fully apprised on all matters relevant CW agents.’’ Finally, ‘‘All key aspects: somebody that has been there. Thirty- to this resolution and that both are research and development, production, five years ago, I found myself half a full partners in an effort to rid the and weaponization, of Iraq’s offensive world away in a place called Vietnam. United States of the Iraqi threat. BW program are active and most ele- I can tell my colleagues that war is Mr. Speaker, September 11 changed ments are larger and more advanced hell. There are a lot of us here today our country and the world forever. For than they were before the Gulf War.’’ that have had that same experience, all of these reasons, I intend to vote in Mr. Speaker, this is a compelling but are taking different positions on favor of the resolution and encourage concern, this is a present danger, this this resolution. Some of my colleagues my colleagues to do the same. is grave and growing. have asked why, when they hear my

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7321 friend and colleague, the gentleman So I tell my staff, I will tell the risks to our young men and women in from California (Mr. CUNNINGHAM), talk troops the same thing that I will tell uniform are necessary; how will other about his experience and his favoring the American people on the floor of nations respond if the United States in support of the resolution. Congress, that I oppose this resolution decides to enter the conflict without I will tell my colleagues that I intend because I think that the case has not United Nations’ support; what could be to vote against this resolution. I intend been made. I do not take giving my the effect on the stability of the Middle to do so because in meetings I have support for war lightly, as neither do East and the fate of the Iraqi people. held in my district, mothers and fa- my colleagues on both sides of the I share many of their concerns. That thers and veterans come to me and tell aisle. But each one of us has to wrestle is why I have tried to gather as much me, please, do not let us get back into with his or her own conscience. information as possible by reading re- a war without exhausting all other ave- I want to make sure that my grand- ports, attending briefings, and talking nues. I think every one of us in this daughter, Amelia, maybe 35 years from with other Members of Congress. Here House brings our own experiences as we now, can look and say, my grandfather is what I have learned: the security of represent our constituents. Every one made his decision on the information our Nation is at risk. of us here wrestles with a very tough that he had. He opposed the resolution For the past several months, I have decision as to whether or not to go for- because he did not think it was the participated in intelligence hearings on ward with a resolution on war. Every right thing to do. the September 11 terrorist attacks and one of us understands that we are a na- But I will tell the Members this: have studied the hatred some nations tion of laws, that we lead the world by When and if the President makes a de- and groups have toward America. Sad- example, that we have a great respect cision to commit troops, when and if dam Hussein is encouraging and pro- for process and to protect the rights of the President commits us to a war, I moting this hatred by openly praising everyone. intend to be there. Because my experi- the attacks on the United States. The That is why, Mr. Speaker, I reluc- ence in coming to this Congress, my Director of Central Intelligence re- tantly today rise in opposition against experience of some 35 years ago, recently published an unclassified sum- this resolution, because I think that turning from Vietnam and seeing all mary of the evidence against Saddam the President has not made a case as to the protests and seeing all the signs Hussein, and it is substantial. why Iraq and why attack Saddam Hus- and seeing all the things that they We know that Iraq has continued sein. As a member of the Committee on were calling us, was very divisive. building weapons of mass destruction, Intelligence, I have asked consistently So it is inherent upon us to do what energized its missile program, and is the questions to those that have come our conscience dictates on this issue investing in biological weapons. Sad- before us with information, I have today. I oppose it reluctantly under dam Hussein is determined to get asked the question of what is the con- those circumstances, but I will support weapons-grade material to develop nu- nection between 9–11 and Iraq and Sad- whatever decision our President and clear weapons. Its biological weapons dam Hussein. None. our country makes. program is larger and more advanced Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 31⁄2 than before the Gulf War. Iraq also is 1300 b minutes to the distinguished gen- attempting to build unmanned vehi- What is the connection between Iraq tleman from Delaware (Mr. CASTLE), cles, UAVs, to possibly deliver biologi- and Saddam Hussein and al Qaeda? the former Governor and a member of cal warfare agents. All of this has been Very little, if any. our committee and the chairman of our done in flagrant violation of the U.N. As to the weapons of mass destruc- Subcommittee on Technical and Tac- Security Council resolutions. tion, the delivery systems and all of tical Intelligence. Some may react to this evidence by these things, we have clearly heard Mr. CASTLE. Mr. Speaker, I thank saying that, in the past, other coun- that there is a lot of speculation about the distinguished chairman of the Per- tries have had similar arsenals and the those capabilities. manent Select Committee on Intel- United States did not get involved. But Last week, I was part of a group of ligence not only for yielding to me but as President Bush has told us and as colleagues that met with a retired gen- for the extraordinary work he does for Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld reiter- eral that was in charge of this con- this country on a day-in-and-day-out ated yesterday in a meeting, Saddam flicted area of our world. He was asking basis in a very difficult circumstance Hussein’s Iraq is different. This is a the same question that we were: Why right now. ruthless dictator whose record is des- Iraq, and why Saddam Hussein? The vote on the resolution to author- picable. He has waged war against his In fact, when we asked him to list in ize the use of force to disarm Saddam neighbors and on his own people. He priority order a war against Iraq and Hussein is one of the most important has brutalized and tortured his own Saddam Hussein, he listed it as his sev- decisions we will ever have to make as citizens, harbored terrorist networks, enth priority. When we asked him, Members of the House of Representa- engaged in terrorist acts, lied, cheated, what would you do in our situation, he tives. Every Member of Congress wants and defied the will of the international was as perplexed as we are being in this to do what is right, not only for Amer- community. situation. ica but for the entire world. Mr. Speaker, I have examined this in- September 11 changed things. I con- Today I speak both as the Represent- formation and some of the more spe- cede that. More than that, for me perative of the people of Delaware and as cific classified reports. The bottom line sonally being a first-time grandfather a member of the Permanent Select is, we do not want to get caught off changed things as well. I bring to this Committee on Intelligence. Like many, guard. We must take all precautions to position and to this decision the expe- I have been traveling throughout my avoid a catastrophic event similar to rience that I brought as a Member of State over the past few weeks, and Iraq September 11. Congress. is on everyone’s minds. Individuals In recent meetings, the National Se- My staff asked me, Congressman, have crossed the street to give me their curity Adviser, Dr. Condoleezza Rice, what are you going to say to the opinions, and seniors have approached rightly called this coercive diplomacy. troops? Because I have taken the op- me at our annual beach day event. It is my hope that through forceful di- portunity to go out and visit our troops I have received many personal let- plomacy, backed by clear resolve, we in Afghanistan three times since ters, e-mails, and phone calls from peo- can avoid war. Unfortunately, Saddam Easter. I know the conditions they are ple who have taken the time to sit Hussein’s history of deception makes a living in, and I know the conditions down and really think about this very new attempt to disarm him difficult. they are fighting in. Those are similar difficult issue. They know Saddam Additionally, our goal to disarm him to the same conditions of some 35 years Hussein is a tyrannical dictator and must also be connected to a plan to end ago. War is hell, and we ought to ex- would like to see him go. They hope his regime, should he refuse to disarm. haust every single possible remedy be- war can be avoided but also want to For all these reasons, I would encour- fore going to war, before subjecting our support the President. age all of us to support this resolution troops, our men and women in uniform, They want to know if immediate as the best resolution to make this to those kinds of consequences. military action is necessary and if the happen.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7322 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 Mr. CROWLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 only conclude that the President needs suspicions. That is not sufficient jus- minutes to the gentleman from North the authorization to act if he is to have tification to start a war. Dakota (Mr. POMEROY). any hope of enlisting the cooperation Further, there is reference to the 9/11 Mr. POMEROY. Mr. Speaker, I thank from Saddam Hussein. A two-vote al- terrorism we suffered and the assertion the gentleman for yielding time to me. ternative in my view sends a mixed sig- that members of al Qaeda are in Iraq. Mr. Speaker, when it comes to Iraq, nal: Go try and enlist his cooperation, After extensive investigation, our in- it is time for the United States of and we will evaluate what to do if you telligence community could find no America to state forcefully and with- do not succeed. link between the Iraqi regime and the out equivocation: Enough is enough. The administration has made it very, plot that led to last year’s deadly ter- Either Saddam Hussein yields to the very clear, and I have heard the Presi- rorist attacks. resolutions of the United Nations, pro- dent express this personally, that the b 1315 viding for completely unrestricted in- use of force would be his absolute last spection and disarmament, or the wish. I believe, therefore, we need to Also it has become reported that al United States and other nations will give him the resolution and the author- Qaeda members are in Iran, Pakistan use military force against his govern- ity from this body that, first, seek dis- and Saudi Arabia. Do we attack them ment to enforce his compliance. armament and under terms that are next? This is terribly, terribly serious busi- unlike any other imposed upon Iraq The resolution further asserts also ness, Mr. Speaker, potentially one of any time, anywhere, by any person; without any evidence that there is a life and death for those that will be in- and in the event that is not forth- great risk that Iraq could launch a sur- volved in prosecuting this action. coming, there shall be force to insist prise attack on the United States with Therefore, I, like so many others, have on his cooperation, or to replace the re- weapons of mass destruction. It is fact expressed the view that this vote is one gime and obtain cooperation from a that Saddam does not possess a deliv- of the most important votes that I will new government. ery system that has the throw power of ever cast in this Chamber on behalf of I understand, Mr. Speaker, the dif- 8,000 miles or anything even close. And the people of North Dakota. ficulty of this decision. But, again, the if there is such a great risk that he has I reached the conclusion that the res- facts are clear, and doing nothing is and will use biological and chemical olution authorizing the President to not acceptable. I urge adoption of the weapons against us, why did he not do use force should pass, and I do that resolution. so in the Gulf War? The answer is be- based upon the following undeniable Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 51⁄2 cause he knew that our response would and uncontroverted facts: minutes to the gentleman from Wis- be strong, swift, and fatal. Hussein is First, Saddam Hussein is a uniquely consin (Mr. KLECZKA), a member of the not a martyr; he is a survivalist. evil and threatening leader. His past is Committee on Ways and Means, a lead- Similarly, the evidence does not absolutely replete with nonstop bellig- er on health issues. show that Iraq has any nuclear capa- erence and aggression, as well as atroc- Mr. KLECZKA. Mr. Speaker, al- bilities. General Wesley Clark, former ities. though we all know this war resolution commander of NATO forces in Europe, Two, he has been determined to have will pass, I nevertheless must question contends that ‘‘despite all the talk of developed weapons of mass destruction, the wisdom and morality of an ‘loose nukes,’ Saddam does not have biological and chemical. He continues unprovoked attack on another foreign any,’’ or the highly enriched uranium to seek nuclear capacity and is be- nation. The guiding principle of our or plutonium to enable him to con- lieved to be within mere months of foreign policy for over 50 years has struct them. having that capacity, in the event he been one of containment and deter- Air Force General Richard B. Myers, could get his hands on the requisite rence. This is the same strategy that chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, materials. kept the former Soviet Union in check, recently concurred, admitting that the Three, he now continues to produce a power whose possession of weapons of consensus is that Saddam Hussein weapons of mass destruction, having mass destruction had been proven and ‘‘does not have a nuclear weapon, but effectively completely thwarted the in- not speculated, and in fact led to its he wants one.’’ spection and disarmament require- downfall. One of the goals of the President is to ments of the United Nations; and he The administration asserts that this force a regime change in Iraq. Who are has made it increasingly difficult to time-tested policy is not sufficient to we to dictate to another country that detect his production facilities, even as deal with this, yes, dangerous but their leadership must be changed? he continues to add to his arsenals. small, economically weakened Middle What would be our reaction if another Four, he is harboring and has well- Eastern nation. Instead, they support a country demanded or threatened to re- developed relationships with terrorists, new policy of a unilateral preemptive move President Bush? All of us, Repub- including senior al Qaeda operatives. attack against Iraq, citing the licans and Democrats alike and each Five, he certainly has demonstrated unproven possibility that Saddam Hus- and every American, would be infuri- that he is not above using weapons of sein might be a risk to the security of ated by such an inference and rise up mass destruction. Indeed, he has used the United States. against them. Changes in regimes must them on his own people. The long-term effects of this go-it- come from within. Now, under these terrible cir- alone, shoot-first policy will be to lose The result of voting for this resolu- cumstances, I have concluded that the high moral ground we have exer- tion will be to give the President a doing nothing is simply not acceptable cised in the past to deter other nations blank check with broad authority to for the United States of America. We from attacking militarily when they use our Armed Forces to unilaterally need to act, and determining exactly felt their security was at stake. The attack Iraq. He merely has to tell us how to act is the question before this next time Pakistani and Indian troops why he believes that continued diplo- Chamber. mass at their borders with both na- matic efforts will fail and does not I believe that we should support the tions’ fingers on nuclear triggers, what have to give that information to Con- President as he builds an international moral authority will we have to pre- gress until 48 hours after he has begun consensus to reinstitute completely vent a potential catastrophe? They the war. unfettered inspections, or to use force would justifiably ignore our pleas for The more meaningful provision in the event it is not forthcoming. In diplomatic or negotiated approaches would be to provide for a two-step proc- dealing with Saddam Hussein, I believe and instead simply follow our lead. ess where after all diplomatic efforts our only hope of enlisting the coopera- The administration continues to as- have failed, the President would come tion of his government is if he knows sert that Iraq is an urgent threat to back to Congress and make the case for an absolute certainty there will be our national security and that we are that military force is now necessary. terrible consequences if he does not at risk of an Iraqi surprise attack. But Our colleague, the gentleman from comply. the resolution before us offers no sub- South Carolina (Mr. SPRATT), has that Therefore, in looking at the resolu- stantiation of these allegations, speak- provision in his alternative and it de- tions before this body, I think we can ing only of hunches, probabilities, and serves our careful consideration. Let us

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7323 make no mistake about it, Hussein is a mass destruction constituted a Mr. WYNN. Mr. Speaker, I thank the brutal dictator who has flagrantly de- threat.’’ gentleman from New York (Mr. CROW- fied the will of the world community. These words remain even more true LEY) for yielding me time. But the case has simply not been made today in light of the scourge of global Mr. Speaker, it should be stated at either by this resolution or by the ad- terrorism. Today the threat to the na- the outset that not one Member of this ministration that there is a clear and tional security of the United States body wants war. We all want peace. present danger to the security of the and to international peace and security The decision whether to send American United States which would warrant continues to grow. It is especially seri- soldiers into battle is the most agoniz- this Nation embarking on its first ous because we know that Saddam Hus- ing vote we will cast in Congress. It is unprovoked preemptive attack in our sein supports terrorist organizations a choice between confronting the hor- 226-year history. such as al Qaeda and could very well be rors of war versus allowing a poten- The President must continue to work working with these agents at this very tially devastating attack on our home- together with our allies in the U.N. Se- moment providing them with the ex- land, one that could kill tens of thou- curity Council to ensure that the Iraqi pertise to use chemical and biological sands of Americans. regime is disarmed. Mr. Speaker, war weapons against the United States and But make no mistake, the threat should always be the last resort and others. posed by Saddam Hussein also ulti- not the first. For all these reasons, I In 1991 in the aftermath of the Iraq mately threatens world peace and sta- cannot support this resolution and invasion of Kuwait, I led a group of our bility. It is for this reason that we must vote ‘‘no.’’ colleagues in the House in introducing must consider the resolution before us Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 a resolution authorizing then-Presi- today, allowing the President to take minutes to the gentleman from Cali- dent Bush the use of all necessary unilateral military action to disarm fornia (Mr. GALLEGLY), the distin- means to force Iraq from Kuwait. Iraq in the interest of long-term peace. guished chairman of the Subcommittee There were dissenters who felt we First, I believe we must consider this on Europe of the Committee on Inter- should not go to war, but in the end issue in the context of the post-Sep- national Relations. there is no question we were proven tember 11 world. Our enemies and their (Mr. GALLEGLY asked and was right. In 1998 I strongly supported the supporters have demonstrated their given permission to revise and extend House resolution which declared Iraq willingness to strike at us in covert his remarks.) to be in breach of its international ob- and highly-destructive ways. As a re- Mr. GALLEGLY. Mr. Speaker, I rise ligations, and we urged the President sult of briefings I have received from in support today of H.J. Res. 114. I to take appropriate actions to bring military experts, former weapons in- want to commend the gentleman from Iraq into compliance. spectors and colleagues in the intel- Illinois (Mr. HASTERT) and House lead- However, at that time significant ligence community, I am convinced ership for working in a bipartisan man- penalties for noncompliance were not that Iraq does indeed possess weapons ner with the White House to develop invoked, and so here we are again of mass destruction. what I believe is a very strong, but bal- today, confronting the same issue First, chemical and biological anced, resolution. without an inch of change in Saddam’s threats. Saddam Hussein has VX nerve Last week by a strong vote the Com- attitude or actions. gas, mustard gas, and anthrax. These mittee on International Relations toxins are deadly and could kill thou- Today we are faced with the same passed this resolution. As part of its re- sands. proposition and very similar argu- sponsibility to carry out its role in Second, we know that Saddam has a ments on both sides; but with the pas- helping shape United States foreign growing fleet of manned and unmanned sage of this resolution, we will again policy toward Iraq, our chairman, the aerial vehicles, UAVs, that could be provide the President the authority he gentleman from Illinois (Mr. HYDE), used to disburse chemical and biologi- may need to take the appropriate ac- and our ranking member, the gen- cal weapons across broad areas. Intel- tions necessary to protect the national tleman from California (Mr. LANTOS), ligence data suggests that Iraq may be security of this great Nation. deserve a great deal of credit for their exploring ways of using these UAVs for efforts in guiding this effort through Mr. Speaker, this time around we missions targeting the United States. the committee process. must have an absolute commitment to Third, as we learned from last fall’s September 11 has tragically taught not allow Saddam Hussein to have anthrax attacks, sophisticated delivery us the price of not acting when faced chemical or biological weapons any- systems are not required. For chemical with a clear and present danger, and more. But the enforcement of Security and biological attacks, all that is re- there should be no doubt today we face Council resolutions this time must in- quired is a small container and one a clear and present danger in the form clude significant penalty for non- willing adversary. of weapons of mass destruction in the compliance which are immediate and Next consider the nuclear threat. possession of Saddam Hussein. We automatic. The resolution we are de- Iraq can develop nuclear capabilities in know after the 1991 liberation of Ku- bating today is forceful in that it again 1 to 2 years. We know that Iraq has al- wait, Iraq unequivocally agreed to gives the President the authority to ready experimented with dirty bombs. eliminate its nuclear, biological, and use whatever means, including force, to There is nothing to suggest that they chemical weapons programs and agreed rid Iraq of its weapons of mass destruc- have discontinued this program. With to allow international weapons inspection. But this resolution is balanced in enriched uranium and subsequently an tors to ensure that be accomplished. that it encourages the President to atomic bomb, Iraq could use nuclear But as we all know, Iraq has willfully pursue diplomatic avenues to achieve blackmail to conquer other countries and in direct violation of its own agree- international support of enforcing U.N. in the region and threaten U.S. na- ment and those of the United Nations mandates and provide for an important tional security. Security Council thwarted over and role in the Congress. Now, some people that say that our over again the efforts of the inspectors I believe the gravity of this issue focus should be on the war against ter- to find and destroy those weapons. This mandates that we act now to give the rorism. In my view, the Iraqi threat is can only mean one thing, Mr. Speaker. President the tools he should have to part and parcel of the war against ter- Saddam intends to hold on to these deal with this significant threat. The rorism. There is ample evidence of al weapons and use them at the appro- potential terror of weapons of mass de- Qaeda and Iraqi contacts in the devel- priate time and in the manner he struction in the hands of a madman to opment of chemical and biological deems necessary. the world must be addressed, and it weapons. Additionally, Saddam has As early as 1998, U.N. Secretary Gen- must be addressed decisively and now. harbored known terrorists such as Abu eral Kofi Annan in a letter to the Secu- Mr. Speaker, I urge the support of Nidal, who, prior to his mysterious rity Council stated, ‘‘No one can doubt this resolution. death, was connected to at least 90 at- or dispute that Iraq’s refusal to honor Mr. CROWLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 6 tacks throughout the world. its commitments under Security Coun- minutes to the gentleman from Mary- Iraq poses a threat to the Persian cil resolutions regarding its weapons of land (Mr. WYNN). Gulf and the Middle East as well as

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 110,000 United States American troops the United Nations to step up to the Mr. Saddam Hussein has no friends in and civilians. plate and avoid war. the world. Everybody fears him and As a representative from the Wash- As provided in an amendment I intro- most despise him, but the President ington, D.C. suburbs, I am particularly duced to this resolution, I urged the has chosen the wrong course. He has concerned about the threat to our President to give the United Nations a given us a request for a blank check. homeland and the Washington metro- reasonable opportunity to pass and im- There has been inadequate or no dis- politan region. We learned on Sep- plement a new resolution for unfet- cussion with our allies and friends. tember 11 that the D.C. area is indeed tered and unconditional weapons in- There has not been sufficient discus- a terrorist target, and a prime target. spections. sion with the Congress or the people of Now, many ask why is Iraq unique? b 1330 the United States, and the countries in Other countries have weapons of mass the area are troubled because they feel destruction and hostile intentions. If the President takes his prudent approach, allowing a reasonable oppor- that they do not understand what it is This is true. But none have the unique the United States intends to do, when, history of Iraq. I submit to you some of tunity for the U.N. to act, it would demonstrate our desire for inter- how or why. Iraq’s prior aggressions and violations: We are embarking upon a unique and national support and cooperation and a First, Saddam’s invasion of Iran. new doctrine. We will engage in a uni- peaceful resolution to the Iraqi prob- Second, Saddam’s invasion of Ku- lateral preemptive strike, if the early lem. I believe our patience could gar- wait. pronouncements of the administration Third, Saddam’s use of chemical and ner further support. are to be believed, and our purpose biological weaponry against his own Finally, should military force be nec- there is the removal of Saddam Hus- people as well as his enemies. essary, I believe nation building is a re- Fourth, Saddam has continued to ob- quirement. Some of my colleagues sein, obviously a desirable change. But, struct U.N. weapons inspections. We across the aisle have opposed nation more recently, the President has said cannot continue to ignore these viola- building. I am pleased to see the Presi- our purpose now is to disarm Mr. Hus- tions. And in his most recent gambit, dent say we must have nation building sein and Iraq of their weapons of mass he tells us yes, we will accept inspec- if we implement a military action. destruction. I am not clear what course tions, but you can not inspect my pal- Finally, this end game strategy is as it is that the President has in mind, aces, some of which are as big as small important as military action if we are but I am convinced that proceeding cities. This is unacceptable. to achieve our long-term goal of peace into this situation without allies, with- I believe that actions speak louder in the region. In the final analysis, we out bases, without proper and adequate than words and that past is prologue. all want peace, we all want a diplo- logistic support is an act of great folly. In Saddam Hussein we are dealing with matic solution or a multinational mili- It poses enormous risks to the troops a shrewd and diabolical aggressor who tary effort. If we can achieve these that we would be sending, and it poses must be thwarted. things, fine. enormous risk to this country and to However, despite all of this, what we However, being a world leader means our foreign policy. want is inspections and disarmament, more than just waving flags and saying Not only is it novel and dangerous to not war. I agree with those who believe that we are the greatest country in the talk about preemptive strikes, but it is war should be our last option. Thus, we world and waiting for others to be will- something which need not be done. A must consider the viability of diplo- ing to act. Sometimes we have to make proper exercise of leadership in the matic measures. Although Saddam has difficult decisions and sacrifices in U.N. will cause that institution to fol- defied 16 U.N. resolutions over the past order to stand for principles and low the United States; and I would decade, the President has asked the against aggression. Sometimes the urge us, as the remaining superpower, United Nations to pass another resolu- willingness to fight a war avoids the to exercise leadership and have enough tion requiring complete, unconditional necessity to fight. confidence in ourselves and our capac- inspections of all sites. The U.N. can do I support this bipartisan resolution, ity to lead to proceed to embark upon this. and I urge my colleagues to do so. that course. I do not see this resolution To those who can say we only act Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 6 before us as being a device which stim- multilaterally with our allies, I say minutes to the gentleman from Michi- ulates or encourages that. Perhaps the yes, and I hope they will support us in gan (Mr. DINGELL), ranking Democrat President would exercise that kind of the United Nations Security Council. on the Committee on Energy and Com- leadership. I see no evidence that such, Unfortunately, some of our allies are merce, longest serving Democrat in the however, is to be the case. willing to appease Saddam Hussein. House. I was here during the time of the Winston Churchill said, ‘‘An appeaser (Mr. DINGELL asked and was given missile crisis, and I remember that the is one who would feed a crocodile, hop- permission to revise and extend his re- President at that time observed that ing it will eat him last.’’ marks.) the worst course to be taken was a pre- Like a crocodile, the longer Saddam Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I rise in emptive war. Our policy succeeded. We Hussein is left unchecked, the stronger opposition to the resolution now before forced the missiles out. And when the and hungrier he will get. the Congress. I supported the father of matter was discussed in the United Na- This resolution sends Saddam Hus- the current President on his resolution tions, our ambassador there, Mr. Ste- sein the type of clear message aggres- and was one of the few Democrats who venson, showed them a photograph of sors understand, that we will no longer did. I was right. There was a strong, what was transpiring and that the So- stand idly by while he threatens U.S. present imperative by this country and viets had moved missiles into Cuba. interests and American lives. Disarm by the nations of the world. It made The world accepted, approved and fol- or bear the consequences of your ac- sense, it was good, and it was some- lowed the United States. tions. thing which was accepted and followed We have not seen that the people of Many of my colleagues believe that by the people of the world. the world are convinced that we have this resolution will start war. However, There is no evidence that our allies made the case that Mr. Saddam Hus- as the President said about the resolu- in Europe support the efforts that are sein would embark immediately or at a tion now before us during his speech 2 described by the President to be made time of risk to the United States on days ago, ‘‘Approving this resolution by the United States. The people and the use of weapons of mass destruction. does not mean that military action is the countries in the area do not sup- Perhaps he would, and I do not trust imminent or unavoidable. The resolu- port this undertaking; and, overwhelm- him, but I would note to my colleagues tion will tell the United Nations and ingly, the American people oppose this that there is a sensible way of achiev- all nations that America speaks with kind of effort, an effort intelligently, ing the following and the support of one voice, and it is determined to make wisely and necessary to be made to the people of the world. the demands of the civilized world achieve the purposes of everybody, that George Herbert Walker Bush chose it, mean something.’’ is, elimination of weapons of mass de- and I supported him. He went around Thus, I believe this resolution can be struction from within the country of the world and he assembled not just used to apply maximum leverage on Iraq. the countries in the area, not just our

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7325 allies, but the whole world. And but for enough confidence in ourselves, and in our Mr. President, most of the world agrees the fact that we pulled out too soon, capacity to lead, to embark upon that wiser that Saddam Hussein is a menace to the re- the matter would have been disposed of and more propitious course. I do not see this gion, the international community, and the Iraqi people. Iraq refuses to comply with its completely and satisfactorily then. resolution before us as being a device which obligations regarding weapons of mass de- We have not taken the steps that are stimulates or encourages other nations to fol- struction (WMD), nor does it observe U.N.- necessary to assure either that the na- low the United States. Perhaps the President imposed no-flight zones. Saddam Hussein’s tions of the world, our friends and al- would exercise that kind of leadership. He cer- Iraq has rejected its neighbors calls for rec- lies in Europe or the nations in the tainly should. I would support him in that. I see onciliation, repeatedly threatened to attack area would support this undertaking. I no evidence that such, however, is to be the Kuwait, failed to account for 600 missing Ku- am not a dove, and I am not a hawk. I case. waiti citizens and as recently as last year am a very sensible Polish American, I was here during the time of the missile cri- conducted raids into Saudi Arabian territory. and it is my view that the game here is sis, and I remember that President Kennedy at Saddam Hussein’s repressive policies have to win, and we best win by using the re- that time observed that the worst course to be resulted in the deaths of countless Iraqi citi- sources of the United Nations and the taken was a preemptive war. His policies suc- zens. While defying the international com- following of the whole world as we as- ceeded. We forced the missiles out, peace munity, Saddam Hussein has manipulated semble a coalition to disarm or dispose was maintained, and when the matter was dis- public opinion by blaming the United States of Saddam Hussein. To take some other cussed in the United Nations, our ambassador and the United Nations for the intense hard- course is to accept foolish risks, in- there, Mr. Stevenson, showed them a photo- ships faced by the people of Iraq. The UN has graph of what was transpiring and that the So- repeatedly found that the Iraqi government cluding the risk of failure. supports massive and systematic human Mr. Speaker, I rise in opposition to the reso- viets had moved missiles into Cuba. The world rights abuses, and has demonstrated in act lution now before the Congress. I supported accepted, approved and followed the United and deed that it would rather manipulate the the father of the current president on his reso- States. suffering of innocent civilians for propa- lution and was one of the few Democrats who We have not seen that the people of the ganda effect result than take full advantage did. I was right. There was a strong, present world are convinced that we have made the of humanitarian relief efforts, such as the imperative by this country and by the nations case that Mr. Saddam Hussein would embark oil-for-food program. immediately or at some early time to use That being said, there is great concern in of the world. It made sense, it was good, and the United States and around the globe over it was something which was accepted and fol- weapons of mass destruction. I do not trust the possibility of the U.S. launching a uni- lowed by the people of the world. him, and he might, but losing to him in this lateral, sustained military operation against There is no evidence that our allies in Eu- matter would make such use of weapons of Iraq. To date, the United States has not rope support the efforts that are described by mass destruction more certain. I would note to clearly stated its rationale for attacking the President to be made by the United my colleagues that there is a sensible way of Iraq, nor have we answered questions per- States. The people and the countries in the achieving the following of the world and the taining to the possible consequences of opt- support of the nations of the world. ing for military confrontation. This has trig- area do not support this undertaking; and, gered intense criticism of U.S. policy vis-a- overwhelmingly, the American people oppose President George Herbert Walker Bush chose it, and I supported him. That President vis Iraq at home and abroad. Without out- this kind of effort, because it is not made intel- lining the objectives and rationale for an at- ligently, wisely and in ways necessary to went around the world and assembled not just tack or obtaining the necessary domestic achieve its purpose. The basic purpose is the the countries in the Middle East, not just our and international support, a U.S. military elimination of weapons of mass destruction allies, but the whole world. And but for the fact campaign would be unwise. Accordingly, I from within the country of Iraq. that we pulled out too soon, the matter would firmly believe the Administration must meet Mr. Saddam Hussein has no friends in the have been disposed of completely and satis- the following conditions pertaining to Iraq factorily then. in order to justify and guarantee the success world. People fear him and most despise him. of a military campaign: But the President has chosen the wrong We have not taken the steps that are necessary to assure either that the nations of the (1) The Bush Administration must consult course. He has given us a request for a blank and obtain approval from Congress before check. There has been inadequate or no dis- world, our friends and allies in Europe, or the launching a sustained attack of Iraq. cussion with our allies and fiends. There has friendly nations in the Middle East will support Congress must be provided with any and not been sufficient discussion with the Con- this undertaking. I am not a dove, and I am all facts justifying the need for military ac- not a hawk. I am very sensible Polish Amer- tion, and must be offered a clear explanation gress or the people of the Untied States, and ican, and it is my view that the game here is as to the goals of a military campaign, in- the countries in the area are troubled because to win. And we best win by using the re- cluding an exit strategy. The Administration they feel that they do not understand what it sources of the United Nations and the fol- must also explain to Congress why military is the United States intends to do, when, how action against the Iraqi regime is vital to lowing of the whole world as we assemble a or why. the security of the United States, and why it We are embarking on a unique and new coalition to disarm or dispose of Saddam Hus- is necessary now. sein. To take some other course is to accept doctrine. We propose to engage in a unilateral The Administration must make a clear and foolish risks, including the risk of failure. Let convincing case that Iraq has weapons of preemptive strike, if the early pronouncements us do it right. If we do, we will win. mass destruction—biological, chemical, or of the administration are to be believed. Our Mr. Speaker, at this point, I insert into the nuclear—and the means to deliver such purpose there is the removal of Saddam Hus- RECORD, a letter I sent the President outlining agents. The Administration must explain sein, obviously a desirable change, but again my views and questions to be addressed be- why it believes Iraq will employ these kinds done unilaterally—a great strategic and tac- fore we embark on this risky endeavor. of weapons in imminent attacks on other na- tical error. More recently, the President has tions. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, (2) Any sustained military campaign must said that our purpose now is to disarm Mr. Washington, DC, September 5, 2002. Hussein and Iraq of their weapons of mass have the support of the international com- THE PRESIDENT, munity. destruction. I am not clear what course it is The White House, We must first be certain that our nation’s that the President has in mind, but I am con- Washington, DC. traditional allies in Europe and elsewhere vinced that proceeding into this situation with- DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: In recent weeks support a military operation against Iraq. out allies, without bases, without proper and there has been much debate, public and pri- The Administration must secure the sup- adequate logistical support is risky, indeed, it vate, over the possibility of a United States port of our regional allies, and gain access to military campaign against Iraq. I agree with is an act of great folly. It poses enormous military bases in those nations bordering the notion that Saddam Hussein is an evil Iraq which are vital to the success of a mili- risks to the troops that we would be sending, man who continues to pose a serious threat tary operation. and it poses enormous risk to this country, to to the stability of the Middle East. However, The United States must have the support the success of the undertaking, and to our for- as one who voted in favor of authorizing the of, and/or be able to coordinate with, the eign policy. use of force prior to the Persian Gulf War in armed forces of our regional and other allies Not only is it novel and dangerous to talk 1991, and supported George H. W. Bush necessary to guarantee success militarily about preemptive strikes, but it is something through the duration of that conflict, I write and diplomatically. which need not be done. A proper exercise of to express my deep reservations over launch- The matter of Iraq must be fully debated ing an attack against Iraq. Without a clear by the United Nations. An attack on Iraq leadership in the U.N. will cause that institu- purpose or strategy, I question whether you must have the support of the U.N., and must tion and its members to follow the United have established that waging a war at this be carried out under U.N. auspices. States. I would urge us, as the remaining su- time would be advantageous to the United (3) The Administration must formulate and perpower, to exercise leadership and have States. explain its strategy for port-way Iraq. The

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 U.S. must answer questions as to how it will and the Saddam Hussein regime. Sad- that Iraq represents an imminent and assist in reconstituting a united Iraq, main- dam Hussein, as we all know, is aggres- serious threat to the American inter- tain Iraqi territorial integrity, and build a sive, he is a rogue leader, he ruthlessly ests. peaceful government and stable society that We have known for some time that does not pose a threat to the U.S., our allies, crushes his political dissent. He ignores or the region. the most basic tenets of human dignity Iraq possesses biological and chemical (4) Congress and the American people must and uses fear and brutality to stay in weapons of mass destruction and mate- be informed of the anticipated cost of opting power. He has not been truthful. There rial, an unacceptable breach of its for military action, both in lives and dollars. is no reason for anyone to believe him. international obligations. Addition- The Administration must fully explain the He is known from our intelligence ally, Iraq seeks to produce nuclear cost of waging a war in Iraq, economically, sources to be a master of deceit and de- weapons. Moreover, we have evidence militarily, and diplomatically. It must dem- that Iraq has worked to build the deliv- onstrate that the considerable cost of a mili- ception in word and in deed. He would tary endeavor justify an attack on Iraq. not be missed by his friends in that re- ery systems and now has the capacity Again, I would caution against unilaterally gion, and no one, no one is defending to deliver these weapons all over the unleashing U.S. military might on Iraq until him in this body that I have heard yet. world. a compelling case is made to the American Debate now, followed by unlimited After considerable deliberations, I people, Congress, and the international com- inspection and full, effective enforce- have, therefore, determined that a con- munity. Needless to say, we must also have vincing case has been made that Iraq clear objectives in the short and long term, ment of the sanctions are the best way to achieve his removal and reduction of presents an imminent threat to our na- less we risk suffering unintended con- tional security. Without question, we sequences. weapons of mass destruction and the know that we cannot trust Saddam Sincerely yours, threat they represent. Now is not the Hussein. Other nations might have the JOHN D. DINGELL, time to sit back and observe the storm. same deadly capacities as Iraq, but Member of Congress. As the chairman of the Permanent none has a leader like Saddam Hussein, Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- Select Committee on Intelligence, I who is a vicious and dangerous man. self such time as I may consume. can attest to the evilness of Saddam Mr. Speaker, the blue sky times of At this critical junction, we must, Hussein. There is no doubt. I can attest therefore, act quickly to safeguard our the past peace have clearly clouded to the capabilities of his dreadful arse- over, and we have now come to realize national security and the security of nal of weaponry and the inventory that our allies. If we do not, millions may that as Americans that our part of the that danger will grow geometrically world is not sheltered from global die. Let us err on the side of national the longer we wait to disable him. security. storms either. Our country was hit a Those are undeniable realities that we terrible blow on September 11, one that have to live with and deal with. b 1345 was delivered by depraved men, not by We know about him. What about us? Further, we have before us a well- Mother Nature, and unlike the forces What are we going to do about it? That crafted compromise resolution to au- of nature, the destructive power of man is what this debate really is, the how thorize the use of force against Iraq. can and must be stopped before it and the when of dealing with some- This resolution imposes some appro- surges and reaches our shores again. It thing we have to deal with. priate checks on the President’s au- is time we go straight to the eye and President Bush asked in this resolu- thority to use force against Iraq. It dismantle the elements from which the tion that we give him flexibility and also represents a reasonable com- storm of brutal, repressive tyranny and support to handle this in the most ef- promise between what the President oppression radiate. fective way with the least risk to our had initially requested and what the Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden troops, the least risk to further dan- Congress felt was wise to allow. After and their radical ilk are at the epi- gers for the people of this great Nation all, under our Constitution, only Con- center of terrorist activity in the Mid- and our allies and friends around the gress has the power to declare war. dle East. Nobody doubts that. It is not world. We must additionally consider the debatable. President Bush, Prime Min- We should support our President. I consequences of military intervention ister Blair and others have made con- will support him with my vote; and I for our diplomatic relations with other vincing cases about the threats the hope others will, too. nations. In my mind, the President has despotic Iraqi regime poses to world Mr. Speaker, I yield the balance of made a convincing case to Congress peace and stability today, today, as my time to the distinguished gen- about the need for such action in this well as tomorrow. The list of offenses instance. His administration in recent tleman from Illinois (Mr. HYDE), the is long, and it has been much discussed. weeks has made progress in educating Briefly, Iraq has not lived up to the Chairman of the Committee on Inter- national Relations, for the purposes of the rest of the world about the need for terms of peace it agreed to at the end such action. Furthermore, the resolu- of the Gulf War. So we are in a con- control. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. tion before us today prioritizes U.S. tinuation of the Gulf War. It has ille- diplomatic efforts in the United Na- SIMPSON). The gentleman from Illinois gally sold oil and fired missiles repeat- tions for resolving this escalating situ- (Mr. HYDE) will control the remainder edly at U.S. aircraft in no-fly zones. I ation. As a result, it is my hope we will of the gentleman’s time. am sorry that CNN does not run every resolve the situation through diplo- Mr. CROWLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 night the aerial combat that goes on in matic means. But should those efforts minutes to the gentleman from Penn- the no-fly zones. The Iraqis are trying fail, we must and we need to ensure sylvania (Mr. KANJORSKI). to kill our troops over there who are that the President has the tools he Mr. KANJORSKI. Mr. Speaker, today enforcing the sanctions the Iraqi re- needs to protect our national security. gime agreed to. The policemen we put I rise with a heavy heart because the Further, if we must use force against there, with their agreement, they are decision to go to war is the greatest Iraq, it is imperative that we not leave trying to take out. vote a Member of Congress can make. I a vacuum of power so that one dan- Iraq has expanded its weapons of take my sworn constitutional duty in gerous regime replaces another dan- mass destruction capabilities against this matter very seriously. Accord- gerous regime. If we fail in the second its pledge not to. It still has deadly ingly, I have conducted a thorough part of our mission in Iraq, we will not chemical weapons hidden throughout analysis of this situation since the have accomplished much. the country, and it has tried to develop President indicated discussions several If we ultimately pursue military ac- nuclear devices as well. months ago about the possible need for tion, we must therefore commit this It is certain that Iraq has ties to American military action in Iraq. The Congress and the American people to many Islamic terror groups in the re- examination and analysis has resulted provide assistance, as we did after the gion, including al Qaeda. Evidence sup- in my conclusion to support this reso- war in Europe. Consequently, I am ports Iraq’s involvement in the first lution. pleased that the President has ex- and probably the second World Trade Ultimately, we must do what is right pressed his support for rebuilding Center bombing. for the security of our Nation. Before Iraq’s economy and creating institu- The ultimate goal of an Iraq invasion the United States agrees to commit tions of liberty in a unified Iraq at is clear. It is the removal of weaponry troops abroad, we must first determine peace with its neighbors.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7327 Mr. Speaker, Congress must act President’s resolution gives broad au- cially countries like Saudi Arabia and swiftly to pass this resolution so that thority to the President to do whatever Turkey, to grant us basing and over- the United States can fully protect the he sees fit to disarm Iraq and protect flight rights and other means of sup- national security of the American peo- this country. And then there is a third port. It allows moderate Arab and Mus- ple. The resolution now before us rep- alternative, the Spratt amendment, lim states to support the U.S. action, resents a reasonable compromise be- which seeks to limit the broad author- deflecting the resentment an attack on tween the desires of the administration ity given to the President, but nothing Iraq by the U.S. alone would generate and the goals of Congress to protect to the point that it ties the President’s in the Arab and Muslim populations, the American people. We should, as a hands. and it enhances the chances of postwar result, support this resolution and sup- I really believe, in looking at all successes. Allies with us on the takeoff port the President as he upholds the three proposals, that the Spratt are far more likely to be with us after duties he was sworn to do. amendment makes the most sense. the conflict. Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 51⁄2 First of all, it makes it clear that the Mr. Speaker, this is something we minutes to the gentleman from Penn- primary aim that we have is disarming need to think through. What is a post- sylvania (Mr. DOYLE), a member of the Iraq from all weapons of mass destruc- Saddam Iraq going to look like? How Committee on Energy and Commerce tion. It keeps the Congress engaged. many years and how many troops will dealing with trade energy and air qual- Whatever happened to keeping the we have to station there? Mr. Speaker, ity. Congress engaged in what goes on in I think the answer is simple. In the Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker, tomorrow, our country? I have watched trade last few speeches, the President has we will all have to cast one of the most agreements where we have abdicated made it clear by saying he will not at- difficult votes of our careers. I know our responsibilities in trade agree- tack Iraq without first attempting to this will be the most difficult vote I ments to the executive branch, no build an international coalition of sup- will have to cast in the 8 years that I oversight with these fast track agree- port from our allies. And I appreciate have had the privilege of representing ments. And now we are talking about that because I think that is the right the people of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. maybe sending our sons and daughters way to go. It is a vote that I have given much to war; and the Congress is ready to, The Spratt amendment deals with thought to because, Mr. Speaker, we once again, just abdicate its oversight Iraq in the right way by providing for are talking about the possibility of to the executive branch. I think we a more thorough and narrowly focused sending America’s sons and daughters need to be engaged, and the Spratt process that I believe increases signifi- to war; and that is something that we amendment allows us to be engaged. cantly our chances of success in this must never take lightly. The Spratt amendment commends delicate and difficult situation. Now, all of us here in the Congress the President for taking the case Mr. Speaker, I intend to support the have been to many briefings. I have against Iraq to the United Nations. It Spratt resolution. I think it is the talked to the Director of the CIA, the encourages him to persist in his efforts right way to go. I intend to vote DIA, the National Security Adviser. We to obtain Security Council approval. against the President’s resolution. Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased have heard from many people from the And it calls on him to seek and also for to yield 3 minutes to the gentlewoman administration, all of us, I believe, in the Security Council to approve a new from Maryland (Mrs. MORELLA). an effort to get the facts, to seek the resolution mandating tougher rounds Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Speaker, I truth, to help us make a decision that of arms inspections. We think this is thank the gentleman for yielding me we think is in the best interest of our an important first step that thinks this time to speak, and I rise today country. that the first order of business should with a heavy heart over one of the And I want to say at the beginning be to get compliance through the Secu- most difficult decisions that we as that I think we are going to reach dif- rity Council first. elected officials are called upon to ferent conclusions tomorrow. There are It also authorizes the use of force if make. It is literally a decision of life or basically three different ways we can sanctioned by the Security Council. If death. vote tomorrow, and I do not question Iraq resists the weapons inspectors and As a mother who has raised nine chil- anyone’s vote tomorrow. I think every- the new rounds of inspections fail, then dren, I cannot help but think about one in the House is a patriot and will the Security Council is going to have this issue on a personal basis. Can I or vote in a manner which they think is to confront the use of military force can any parent look into the eyes of an the best way for our country to pro- against Iraq. And if they authorize 18-year-old boy and with a clear mind ceed. I want to say that up front. such force, as they did in 1990, the and clear conscience say that we have But we do have three choices and we President does not need any further ap- exhausted every other option before are confronted with some realities. I proval from Congress. He need not sending him into the perils of conflict? think all of us would agree that Iraq come back to us. Are we certain that the strongest pos- poses a threat. They have biological But if the Security Council does not sible case has been made that the and chemical weapons. We know that. adopt the new resolution, or if the threat posed by Iraq rises to the level We know they have designs on recon- President considers its resolution too of risking the lives of tens of thousands stituting their nuclear arsenal. They weak to wipe out Iraq’s weapons of of our young citizens? Can we say to are not there yet. They may not be mass destruction, then the President that young man with sufficient moral there for a year or so. But we know can seek, on an expedited basis, an up- certainty that the time must be now, they have intentions to do that. So we or-down vote by the Congress to use and that we can afford to work no agree there is a threat. Some of us military force to eliminate Iraq’s longer on an alternative to war? would observe that the threat is equal weapons of mass destruction. Mr. Speaker, the world is watching to or certainly no greater than the Now, we ask that the President cer- us today as we show how the world’s threats posed by many other countries, tify that he has sought a new resolu- last remaining superpower sees fit to Iran, North Korea, China, Syria. But I tion from the Security Council and use its great influence. We are looked think we all agree that it is in the in- that it has either failed to pass that to as we set an example for the world. terest of the United States and the resolution or it is insufficient; that Are we a Nation that will work within world community that Iraq be dis- military force is necessary to make the world community, or will we go it armed. Iraq comply; that the U.S. is forming alone? Are we willing to exhaust every So the question is what is the best as broad based a coalition as it can; possible chance for a peaceful resolu- way to do that, and tomorrow we are and that military action against Iraq tion, or are we ready now to commit to going to have three choices. The gen- will not interfere with the war on ter- war? Have we made the strongest case tlewoman from California (Ms. LEE) rorism. for action that we can make to the would have us do this exclusively Security Council approval is in the world? And do we honestly have a plan through the United Nations; that we interest of the United States in the for a post-war Iraq? would just work through the U.N. to long term, because it is going to help This great struggle against evil is try to effect disarmament of Iraq. The persuade neighboring countries, espe- not a Christian struggle, a Jewish

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 struggle, or a Muslim struggle. It is a world community to pass this resolu- tary second to none, yes. Through ef- common struggle among people of all tion. No one wants to go to war and see fective law enforcement here at home, faiths. But as a Nation of Christians, lives lost. No one wants our blood and yes. But arms alone are insufficient Jews, Muslims and Hindus, and as a treasures spent in far-off lands. But protection, as the tragedy of Sep- Member who represents a district of all just as President Kennedy acted with tember 11 demonstrated all too well. of these faiths, we should look toward threat of force of our military to end a True security means working to- the common thread of all our beliefs threat 40 years ago, we must not re- gether with nations, large and small. It that it is our responsibility to win this move this option from President Bush means that we must be wise enough to struggle through peace, through nego- today. I urge support of this bipartisan rely on America’s other strengths to tiation, through coalition building, and resolution. rid the world of Iraq’s danger, rather as an international, not unilateral, ef- Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 than unilaterally imposing our will by fort. minutes to the gentleman from Texas force that will only unite our enemies As the world’s last superpower, I be- (Mr. DOGGETT), a leader in the battle while dividing our natural allies. lieve that we must have a better plan against this resolution, and a member Overreliance on packing the biggest for our Nation and for the world for a of the Committee on Ways and Means. gun and on having the fastest draw, Mr. DOGGETT. Mr. Speaker, today, post-war Iraq. We must reassure those will not make us safer. Rather, it is a we must speak not with one voice, but neighbors in the Middle East that we formula for international anarchy. A as one democracy—giving voice to the are committed first to peace and sta- quick draw may eliminate the occa- millions of Americans increasingly bility and second to regime change. sional villain, but only at the cost of concerned with an Administration’s de- And we must not give our friends and destabilizing the world, disrupting the foes in the region more reason to dis- liberate choice to make the terrible hope for international law and order, trust our sincerity and desire for peace weapon of war a predominant instru- and, ultimately endangering each of by ignoring the world community’s ment in its foreign policy. our families. role in addressing this problem. Among the more than three thousand I commend our President for his com- communications I have received from President Bush has correctly said, I mitment to protecting our national se- my neighbors in Central Texas con- would not trust Saddam Hussein with curity and his honest heartfelt desire cerned with this rush to inflame a re- one American life. What fool would to do what he thinks is right to make gion that is as volatile as the oil it trust him? But that is not our choice our world safe for democracy and safe holds, is that of Bill Hilgers, a World today. Nor is it a choice between ‘‘war’’ for future generations. I know that in War II veteran with 30 bombing mis- and ‘‘doing nothing,’’ or between ‘‘war’’ his heart he will continue to do what is sions over Germany and a Purple and ‘‘appeasement.’’ right. But I believe as a Nation we owe Heart. He writes, ‘‘No one can foresee The better choice today is for effec- it to ourselves and to those of other na- the potential damage [to] our troops or tive, comprehensive, international in- tions who would fall victim to the hor- citizens. . . . We stake our future on an spections and the disarmament of Iraq ror of this war to make sure that every unprecedented breach of our moral of any weapons of mass destruction other option has been exhausted before principles . . . and our past commit- that we believe it possesses. The better we take this final and irrevocable step ment to peace. [W]e should . . . use choice is to follow the prudent, indeed of authorizing full-scale military ac- every diplomatic strategy . . . to see the conservative approach, a firm pol- tion. that Iraq’s weapons are destroyed be- icy of containment that kept the I will follow my conscience and vote fore [using] military force.’’ threat to American families at bay. against House Joint Resolution 114. A more recent veteran, General Nor- Abandoning that successful policy, a Mr. CROWLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 man Schwarzkopf, writing of the Gulf policy which Ronald Reagan used minutes to the gentleman from Utah War, was more direct: ‘‘I am certain against another ‘‘evil empire,’’ aban- (Mr. MATHESON). that had we taken all of Iraq, we would doning that policy which avoided nu- Mr. MATHESON. Mr. Speaker, this have been like the dinosaur in the tar clear Armageddon, abandoning that debate is occurring at an auspicious pit.’’ [‘‘It Doesn’t Take a Hero, Bantam policy which we used successfully anniversary in our Nation’s history. Books, 1992, page 498] against Muammar Qadhafi—that aban- Forty years ago this month, our Nation The house-to-house urban warfare donment will place America on a truly stood at the brink of nuclear annihila- that would likely result from a land in- perilous path. tion. Offensive nuclear weapons were vasion would endanger our soldiers, de- Containment and disarmament may being placed 90 miles from Miami. A tract from our ongoing war on ter- not end all wars, but they are clearly dictator stood ready to launch a mis- rorism, and expose our families to ter- superior to the new ‘‘first-strike’’ for- sile strike against this Nation. And the rorism for years to come, in what to mula that risks wars without end. many in that part of the world would United States, while supported by the America has the might and right to world community, stood alone in con- perceive as a war on Islam. Many Americans are asking, ‘‘how defend itself against imminent threats fronting the menace. to its security, even unilaterally. If in Mr. Speaker, there are ominous par- best do we protect our families?’’ And, ‘‘do they know something in Wash- fact the quality of the President’s evi- allels to the missiles of October 1962 dence matched the quality of his ora- and the Iraqi threat of 2002. While we ington that we do not know?’’ From our briefings in Congress, we tory, I would be ‘‘ready to roll.’’ The debate this resolution, I believe it is il- President does not need us to consent luminating to go remember what Presi- do know something about which the public is uncertain and fearful. We to saber rattle, but let him return to dent Kennedy faced 40 Octobers ago. Congress if he has any clear evidence, President Kennedy did not want to go have been shown no evidence that Iraq is connected to 9/11. We have been not yet provided, to show us it is time to war. He knew what war meant. But to let the saber strike. he also knew the dangers of inaction shown no evidence that Iraq poses an With this daily talk of war overshad- far outweighed the risk of action. imminent threat to the security of owing all our hopes and dreams for this We are faced with a similar situation American families today. From Central country and world, I would address my today. A tyrant is building a nuclear, Intelligence Agency reports, secret final remarks to those who are strug- chemical, and biological weapons capa- until very recently and finally re- gling with how to respond. Continue to bility designed only for offensive use. leased, we know that terrorism, not Iraq, is the real threat. The CIA has thoughtfully, respectfully but force- b 1400 concluded that an American invasion fully voice your opposition. Do not lose International mediation is preferred, of Iraq is more likely to drive our en- hope. Petition for peace. Pray for but not an absolute method of engage- emies together against us and cer- peace. Do not give up on peace. Let us ment. The threat is real, and inaction tainly more likely to make Saddam work together for an America that re- on our part today will put us at greater Hussein use any weapons of mass de- mains, indeed, a beacon for the world, risk tomorrow. struction that he may possess. that joins with its allies in ensuring This resolution is not a blank check How do we make our families safe at the collective security of families here to go to war. It is not defiant of the this time? Certainly, through a mili- and around the globe.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7329 Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 weapons capability and is actively de- Saddam Hussein. The world looks to minutes to the gentleman from Min- veloping a nuclear weapons capability. America to promote freedom and jus- nesota (Mr. RAMSTAD). Moreover, declassified intelligence re- tice, not alone but in concert with the Mr. RAMSTAD. Mr. Speaker, I thank ports document ties between al Qaeda global community. In the past decades, the gentleman for yielding me this and the Iraqi government, including we have had models of this success. Let time. the presence of senior members of al us build again a global coalition. Mr. Speaker, decisions involving war Qaeda in Baghdad. We also know from In 1991, the senior President Bush and peace are by far the most difficult high-ranking terrorist prisoners at collectively and carefully assembled a and agonizing as they potentially in- Guantanamo Bay that Iraq has pro- broad coalition against Iraq, unified in volve putting America’s sons and vided training to al Qaeda in devel- purpose and in action. We succeeded, daughters in harm’s way. That is why I oping chemical and biological weapons. and we brought freedom back to the focused heavily on the Iraq resolution In conclusion, I believe the gen- Kuwaiti people. for weeks, attending every possible tleman from Missouri (Mr. GEPHARDT) After September 11, President Bush briefing from the CIA, National Secu- summed it up best when he said, ‘‘Iraq tapped the collective will of the inter- rity Council, Joint Chiefs, and the presents a problem after September 11 national body to respond to terrorism State Department. I have examined the that it did not before, and we should around the world; and with the support classified data made available by our deal with it diplomatically if we can, of our allies, we rid Afghanistan of the intelligence officials. militarily if we must. And I think this Taliban. We sent operatives of the al I have also listened to the people of resolution does that.’’ Qaeda network scrambling, and we re- Minnesota. I realize there are people of Like the gentleman from Missouri stored freedom to the Afghani people. goodwill and good conscience who will (Mr. GEPHARDT), I believe this resolu- But, today, the President seeks to disagree with my conclusion. tion will strengthen our diplomatic ef- engage the American people in another My fundamental principles approach- forts to disarm Saddam Hussein and conflict, void of broad-based inter- ing this resolution are several: enhance the prospect of a peaceful out- national support and lacking a cohe- First, the highest responsibility of come. sive international voice. Today, some the Federal Government is to keep the I ask all Members to vote their con- of our allies are beginning to move for- American people safe. science, as I will in supporting this res- ward, begrudgingly, to join us, spurred Second, the greatest danger to our olution. more by a threat of a weakened rela- national security is terrorists with Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 tionship with the United States than weapons of mass destruction. minutes to the gentlewoman from Min- by an immediate threat of Saddam Third, diplomacy should always be nesota (Ms. MCCOLLUM), a member of Hussein. exhausted and proven unworkable prior the Committee on Education and the b 1415 to the use of force. Workforce and a spokesperson for chil- Fourth, war should always be the last dren. While I believe Saddam is a threat, I option. Ms. MCCOLLUM. Mr. Speaker, we do not believe we should take offensive Consistent with these beliefs, my live in a dangerous world. We always military action, the first strike, with- oath of office, and my conscience, and have. But every day, the greatest de- out broad-based international coalition based on all of the briefings and classi- mocracy on earth wakes. All of us from support. I ask why are we not standing fied data I have seen, I have decided to Minnesota, we get up every day. We side by side with our neighbors in the vote for this bipartisan resolution for take our children to school. We go to region, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Jordan, several reasons. work. We enjoy the hope, opportunity Egypt, our allies around Europe and First, Saddam Hussein’s weapons of and freedom of this great Nation. We around the world? The United States mass destruction and links to terror- know that our democracy provides possesses the intelligence capacity to ists pose a clear and present danger to hope and opportunity not only for our assess potential threats to our secu- our national security. own families here in America but for rity. A diplomatic corps capable of dif- Second, this resolution is the last nations around the world. fusing tensions and a potent military best chance for a peaceful outcome Nevertheless, we do live in a dan- force prepared to take appropriate ac- with Iraq, because diplomacy not gerous world. We always have. I am 48 tion if necessary. Why have been un- backed by the threat of force will not years old. There has never been a time able to convince our closest allies to work with Saddam Hussein. in my life when the United States was join us in this military undertaking Third, this resolution puts maximum not targeted by another country or against Iraq? This is a question that pressure on the United Nations to en- countries with nuclear weapons, or the families in my district have been force its own resolutions and on Sad- when another nation has not had the asking me. This is a question that no dam Hussein to comply. capacity to attack us with chemical one in this administration has been Fourth, this resolution requires the and biological weapons. How many na- able to answer. President to exhaust all possible diplo- tions today have the capacity to strike Mr. Speaker, as I said, we live in a matic efforts and certify that diplo- us within our borders? How many actu- dangerous world; and I want to be very macy is unworkable prior to the use of ally have targeted us today? clear if Iraq possesses an immediate force. The world is filled with dangers, and threat to the American people, the I am hopeful that diplomacy backed Saddam Hussein and his regime pose a President has all the authority he by the threat of force will work to get real danger to America, to the global needs to take military action to pro- the United Nations weapons inspectors community. Osama bin Laden and al tect our Nation without this resolu- back into Iraq to disarm Saddam Hus- Qaeda remain free and continue to pose tion. The brave men and women of our sein’s weapons of mass destruction. As a real danger to America. The anony- Armed Forces must not be sent into history has taught us, diplomacy with- mous assassin who 1 year ago murdered harm’s way alone. America’s duty is to out the threat of force does not work five Americans with anthrax remains build a coalition of allies, seize the with dictators. free and is a real danger. How many moral high ground, and act as part of a Since September 11, the world has other rogue states, terrorist organiza- community of nations against changed. Protecting our national secu- tions, drug cartels or pandemics pose a Saddam’s regime. When this adminis- rity now means preventing terrorists real security threat to the United tration convinces our allies in the re- from getting weapons of mass destruc- States, our citizens and the millions of gion and around the world the need for tion. Our highest duty is to assure that people around the world? If Saddam joint military action, then the Presi- no weapons of mass destruction are Hussein is today’s threat, who or what dent will have my full support to take used to harm the people of the United is the next? every action necessary to eliminate the States. Today, I rise in opposition to this danger in Iraq. The overwhelming evidence is that resolution because I do not believe we Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I Iraq continues to possess and develop a should provide a blank check to this yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from significant chemical and biological administration to unilaterally attack Maryland (Mr. CARDIN).

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 Mr. CARDIN. Mr. Speaker, there is the United Nations to eliminate Iraq’s rorist threats and protect American no question that Iraq’s President, Sad- weapons of mass destruction. If the lives. I know that given all the facts, dam Hussein, is a dangerous individual. United Nations does not approve a res- President Bush will make the right de- Under his control Iraq has violated olution authorizing force, then the cision. United Nations resolutions on the de- President could seek an immediate Saddam Hussein is a dangerous man velopment of weapons of mass destruc- vote of Congress if he still believed the with dangerous weapons, weapons of tion. Iraq possesses significant quan- use of force by the United States is mass destruction. His regime has tities of chemical and biological weap- necessary. stockpiled large amounts of chemical ons and is attempting to develop nu- Mr. Speaker, I shall support the and biological weapons and is attempt- clear and radiological weapons all in Spratt substitute resolution because ing to acquire nuclear weapons, has re- contravention of the U.N. resolutions. when compared to the President’s reso- peatedly violated United Nations Secu- Iraq has shown a disposition to use lution, I believe it most closely reflects rity Council resolutions, has repeat- weapons of mass destruction when the the proper authorization from Con- edly fired missiles at U.S. aircraft, has regime used chemical weapons against gress. It is important that we speak as aided known terrorist organizations, its own citizens. Iraq has had 4 years to a united country in our determination and has openly praised the attacks of rebuild its weapons of mass destruction to eliminate Iraq’s weapons of mass de- September 11, 2001, which killed 3,000 program without U.N. oversight or instruction. I urge the President to fol- people. spection. The current regime has also low the path he has announced in seek- Mr. Speaker, hoping that Saddam supported terrorism. It is in the inter- ing U.N. action, limiting our forces to Hussein will not use his weapons or est of the United States to take action the elimination of weapons of mass de- wishing that his threat to world peace against Iraq to enforce the U.N. resolu- struction and working with the inter- will go away is not a responsible policy tions, mandating that Iraq destroy its national community. and certainly not a guarantee of suc- weapons of mass destruction. The pre- I have grave concerns about the con- cess. Hope is not a strategy. Mr. Speak- ferred course for the United States is sequences of unilateral preemptive er, evil must be confronted and con- to pursue that action through the military attack by the United States. demned. Either it will destroy itself or United Nations. The use of force should Such a course of action could endanger it must be neutralized. Avoiding the be a matter of last resort if all other our global coalition against terrorism, task only makes the future more dan- diplomatic means prove ineffective. particularly from our moderate Arab gerous and difficult. We should always I support President Bush’s efforts to allies. It also may increase terrorism pray for peace, but if the use of force secure a resolution in the United Na- activities around the world. The United becomes necessary, we must pray for tions Security Council along with a States could also set a dangerous victory. time schedule for enforcement. I also precedent in international law which Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 6 support President Bush’s stated intent could be invoked, for example, by India minutes to the gentleman from Oregon that force should only be used as a against Pakistan, Russia against Geor- (Mr. WU), a person who exemplifies the matter of last resort and that it is in gia, or China against Taiwan. In addi- struggle and fight for human rights, a the best interest of our Nation to avoid tion, we must not overlook the massive member of the Committee on Edu- the use of force. cost and effort that the United States cation and the Workforce. The question before Congress is how would have to undertake in a post-Sad- Mr. WU. Mr. Speaker, I thank the we should best address the threat posed dam Hussein regime. The United States gentleman from New Jersey for yield- by Saddam Hussein as he seeks to will need the help of its allies as it ating me this time. strengthen his arsenal of weapons of tempts to transition Iraq from a dicta- Mr. Speaker, I was at home this mass destruction. We all agree that the torship to a democracy which has the weekend; and on Saturday morning at United States must exercise leadership full respect of religious freedom and my very first town hall meeting, the at this critical time in world history. minority rights of the Kurds, Shiites, first speaker or questioner got up and It is unfortunate that H.J. Res. 114 goes and Sunnis. said, You know, I don’t understand all well beyond the President’s state- Ultimately, Mr. Speaker, by working this talk about Iraq in Washington, ments. Under the resolution the Presi- through the United Nations we create D.C. I have been out of work for over a dent could take unilateral military ac- an international coalition that will be year. I work in high tech. I have been tion against Iraq without seeking the critical in any future military cam- looking hard and I have not been able support of the United Nations. The paign against Iraq or in any effort to to find a job, and all I hear about in President could also take unilateral stabilize and rebuild Iraq. Washington is this talk of war in Iraq. military action against Iraq to enforce Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- What are you going to do about the U.N. resolutions unrelated to weapons er, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman economy? of mass destruction. The President has from Texas (Mr. SMITH), someone who I gave the man the best answer I indicated that he will use his authority has a great deal of experience in lead- could, the things that I have been try- more narrowly but that it is useful to ership in the area of antiterrorism, the ing to do, some of which have been have broader legislative authority. chairman of the Subcommittee on passed, some of which have not. This However, the Congress has the respon- Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Secu- Congress owes that Oregonian that an- sibility under the War Powers Act to rity. swer about that economy, and this gov- be very cautious on the authorization Mr. SMITH of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I ernment ultimately owes that Orego- of the use of force. thank the gentleman from Wisconsin nian an answer also. The gentleman from Florida (Mr. for yielding me this time and for that But we are here today on the most DAVIS) and I presented a substitute res- nice introduction. serious of topics, whether to send olution to the Committee on Rules. Mr. Speaker, soon each Member of American men and women to war, and That resolution was originally pro- Congress will vote on a historic resolu- I oppose the resolution to grant the posed by Senators BIDEN and LUGAR of tion to authorize the President to use President’s unilateral authority to go the Committee on Foreign Relations. military force against Saddam Hussein. to war. Make no mistake about it, I It would have limited the use of force This is not a declaration of war, and would not hesitate to use force if there to the specific threat against our Na- war is not inevitable. Saddam Hussein were sufficient evidence of an immi- tion. Unfortunately, the Republican may yet yield to international pressure nent threat to the United States, our leadership in the House refused to and reveal his weapons of mass de- allies, or our military forces; but in all allow that resolution to be considered. struction and destroy them, or the the briefings that I have attended, in The only other option on the use of Iraqi people might still install a new all of my study and research, I have force to the President’s resolution is regime. not found sufficient evidence of an im- the substitute resolution offered by the No President wants to send our sons minent threat to us, our allies, or our gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. and daughters into combat, but a military. And if there were, the main SPRATT). That resolution allows the President should be able to take action resolution that we are considering del- President to use force if authorized by he deems necessary to respond to ter- egates so much war-making power to

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7331 one person, I believe that if the Found- we strike blindly, if we start a series of We cannot wait for Saddam to arm ers of this Republic were to read this wars because of September 11, we will terrorist groups with weapons of mass resolution, they would tremble at the have given Osama bin Laden what he destruction, nor can we allow him to thought that one individual ever in wanted. Let us stop as soon as we can. use these weapons to blackmail his America would have such terrible Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- neighbors. He has proven himself to be power in his or her hands no matter er, obviously, we are in the midst of a a menace to the stability of the entire how much we trust that person or no great and historic debate. In fulfilling Gulf region. matter how much we like that person. the pledge that the gentleman from Il- In Afghanistan, U.S. forces worked That is not the American way, to put linois (Chairman HYDE) made yester- with the anti-Taliban opposition to so much unilateral power into one per- day, I ask unanimous consent that the free the country. We also reversed an son’s hands. time for debate on this resolution be impending famine in that country. The The gentleman from South Carolina’s extended for 4 hours, to be equally di- U.S. is working with the new Afghan (Mr. SPRATT) resolution is a much bet- vided between the majority and the mi- government to build the foundation for ter solution to this problem. It requires nority. a civilized society that respects human the President to take all steps and The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. rights and international law. No less then to come back after exhausting HASTINGS of Washington). Is there ob- should be expected for the people of diplomatic and other means. jection to the request of the gentleman Iraq. I want to also seriously address the from Wisconsin? Mr. Speaker, we cannot allow the new first-strike doctrine which is being There was no objection. world to be tormented by terrorists or advocated by this administration. It is Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I tyrants. The problem is the regime. not a preemption doctrine because pre- thank the gentleman. This is in accord- The problem is Saddam. We know who emption assumes that there is an im- ance with the agreement set prior to the enemy is, we know what he does, minent danger and that is what we are the beginning of the debate, and I ap- and we know what we must now do. preempting. This doctrine allows for preciate the cooperation. Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is first strikes even absent imminent dan- Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con- my pleasure to yield 5 minutes to the ger. sent to yield 1 hour of my time to the gentlewoman from Nevada (Ms. BERK- Where will we draw the line? Will we gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. LEY), a member of the Committee on strike next at the other nations of the PAYNE), and that he be allowed to con- International Relations. Axis of Evil? What about Pakistan trol that time and yield it to others. Ms. BERKLEY. I thank the gen- with a nuclear capacity and known ties The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there tleman from New York for yielding. to terrorists? Where will other coun- objection to the request of the gen- Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support tries draw the line? There are at least tleman from New York? of this resolution. half a dozen hot spots around the world There was no objection. Iraq, under the tyrannical dictator- where conflicts could be of a conven- Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- ship of Saddam Hussein, has been in tional or a nuclear nature. er, it is my great honor to yield 2 min- violation of 16 different United Na- For over 200 years we have rarely utes to the gentleman from Florida tions’ resolutions over the past decade, been the first to shoot. For over 200 (Mr. FOLEY), a Member of the Com- resolutions passed to ensure that Iraq years American Presidents have taken mittee on Ways and Means. dismantle its chemical, biological and a united America to war. Lincoln, Wil- Mr. FOLEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise in nuclear weapons programs and destroy son, Roosevelt, Kennedy, they all made support of the resolution. any remaining weapons of mass de- their public case that war was nec- Americans are a peace-loving people. struction. essary and that there was an imminent While we desire a diplomatic resolution Ensuring compliance with these U.N. threat. The exceptions: President to the Iraqi crisis, we must be prepared resolutions, which represent the will of Madison, President Johnson. I do not to support the President if military the international community, is essen- think that we want to fall into the his- force becomes necessary. tial. Iraq has demonstrated its willing- toric situations in which those two Saddam Hussein is a dangerous and ness to use these horrific weapons in Presidents ultimately found them- unpredictable despot who has com- battle and against its own people. selves. This first-strike doctrine puts mitted genocide, including the use of One particularly gruesome example us on the edge of a terrible, terrible chemical weapons to slaughter his own occurred in the late 1980s when Saddam precipice. The vote on this resolution is a fore- people. It is estimated that Saddam Hussein unleashed deadly chemical gas gone conclusion. I think it is a fore- has butchered over 200,000 of his own attacks over entire villages in Iraq, gone conclusion that we will be at war citizens in the past decade. He led his killing thousands of innocent men, in January. We are fighting against the country into an 8-year war with Iran, a women and children, so he could exper- second war, the third war, the fourth disastrous conflict with the U.S.-led iment, experiment, with finding the war, the fifth war. We are trying to cut coalition in 1991, and is open about his most efficient ways to spread nerve, that chain of wars off as soon as we financial and technical support for blister and mustard gas. can. But make no mistake about it, Hamas and Islamic Jihad. Given Saddam Hussein’s 11-year with this first strike, with this first Saddam has always overestimated record of defying and misleading the war, we will lose the high moral ground his military capabilities and underesti- international community, I believe the that has taken Americans 200 years to mated the resolve of the civilized United States, our allies and the build. We will no longer be in a posi- world. He surrounds himself with ‘‘yes United Nations are justified in their ef- tion through moral suasion or other- men’’ who reinforce his ego and ambi- forts to rid Iraq of biological and chem- wise to be an example to the world, for tion and fail to warn him of the con- ical weapons. democracy, human rights, and the rule sequences of his actions. This makes Just this week, a new CIA report ex- of law. We will not be able to have oth- Saddam an immediate threat to Amer- posed Saddam’s vigorous concealment ers stay their hand by the example of ica who can neither be trusted nor record as further proof that he has no us staying ours. dealt with rationally, in spite of the intention whatsoever of honoring his From the Lexington Green to Fort testimonials provided by two Members U.N. commitments by giving up his Sumpter, from the submarine cam- of Congress who recently visited Iraq. ever-expanding stockpile of weapons of paign in the north Atlantic before our We cannot wait for Saddam to de- mass destruction. entry into World War I to the Cuban velop a nuclear device and the missiles Month by month, Saddam Hussein in- Missile Crisis, American Presidents to threaten our troops, allies, and our creases his arsenal of chemical and bio- have been restrained in their use of own territory. logical weapons, while he aggressively power. We cannot ask what will happen if we works to build nuclear capacity. The act, but, rather, what will happen if we CIA now believes that Iraq could make b 1430 do not. We must not only remove a nuclear weapon within a year if it Let not the innocent 3,000 of Sep- Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction, manages to obtain weapons-grade ma- tember 11 die in vain. If we lash out, if but Saddam himself. terial from abroad.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 The CIA further reports that Saddam dent is required to exhaust all diplo- The President’s critics urge dealing is intent on acquiring nuclear weapons, matic measures before launching an at- with this threat through diplomatic and Iraq’s expanding international tack on Iraq, that the President is re- and U.N. efforts, but passage of this trade provides growing access to the quired to give Congress prior notice of resolution is the only way Saddam will necessary materials. such an attack. take those ongoing efforts at the U.N. Given these developments, we simply Rhetoric and semantics aside, this is seriously. It is, in fact, the only hope cannot wait any longer. still a blank check. The President for those continuing efforts. September 11 taught us that there alone makes the final determination of Many of those same critics say that are those who would use any means to exhaustion of diplomatic remedies. our government should have connected harm Americans. I am increasingly This resolution simply adds a step to the dots and better understood the ter- concerned about weapons of mass de- the process. It will not have an impact rorist threat before September 11. Well, struction being transferred from Iraq on the final decision. It will not give that is exactly what we are doing here to terrorists like Osama bin Laden’s al Congress a greater role in the decision now, connecting the dots and better Qaeda network, bent on destroying making. Notice to Congress is a mere understanding a closely-related threat. Americans, or being used by Saddam formality. Saddam Hussein has proved time and himself against his neighbors, our al- Sadly, proper deference has not been again that his totalitarian regime lies, or against the United States. given to the authority vested in the threatens America, our allies and even The United States should seek to Congress by the Constitution to exer- his own people. He is a known exporter achieve our objective with as little risk cise the power to declare war. The of terrorism. He causes regional insta- to Americans and Iraqi civilians as pos- Founders must have believed, as I do bility. He actively pursues weapons of sible. However, we must act to perma- now, that the power to wage war is too mass destruction. He has proven he is nently disarm Saddam Hussein, be- awesome a power to vest in the execu- willing to use them. So inaction, or the cause the cost in lives and misery if we tive. War is too dangerous and too im- mere return to the old frustrated U.N. do not act will be incalculable. portant a matter to be left to the dis- resolutions, is clearly the riskiest path Before any action is taken, the Presi- cretion of one man or woman. of all. dent is right in seeking approval of This war would be especially dan- My constant prayers are for the Congress, and I commend him for that. gerous. We would be acting alone, not members of our Armed Forces around The more information the American only without allies but also with the the world as they embark on their mis- people have, the stronger our Nation hostile condemnation of the rest of the sions. May God bless them, and may will be. Arab world. We would undermine the God bless America. Further, it is important that we con- war against terrorism and, indeed, in- b 1445 tinue to make every effort to marshal crease the risk of future terrorist attacks against our own country. We Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I international support. I would prefer to yield 6 minutes to the gentleman from work in concert with the United Na- would undermine the authority and mission of the United Nations, our best American Samoa (Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA). tions. Saddam Hussein is, after all, a (Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA asked and threat to international security. But, hope for a peaceful solution. It is dangerous to go forward without was given permission to revise and ex- in the final analysis, my responsibility knowing how long this war will take; tend his remarks.) is to protect my constituents and pro- without knowing how many lives will Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, tect the national security of our Na- be lost, military and civilian; how I just returned this morning from a 16- tion, so I will be voting in favor of this much it will cost; how much of a drain hour flight from my district, hoping resolution. it will be on our already dangerously very much that I would be able to par- Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 weak economy; how long it will take to ticipate in some small way in this most minutes to the gentleman from New rebuild a devastated Iraq; and whether important debate now pending before Mexico (Mr. UDALL), a member of the Iraq will ever be a viable democracy. this body. Committee on Resources and a great So, before we vote, we must ask, why In the course of the weekend, I had addition to this House. now? Why the rush? There is too much the opportunity of participating in the (Mr. UDALL of New Mexico asked danger lurking in the unknown and the dedication of the opening of the con- and was given permission to revise and untried. With the election only weeks struction of the brand-new U.S. Army extend his remarks.) away, there is too much of the taint of Reserve Center that we are estab- Mr. UDALL of New Mexico. Mr. political expediency to gain the trust lishing in my district for the purpose of Speaker, the House is engaged in a of our international friends. accommodating some 450 of our men great and serious debate on an issue of I cannot support this resolution. I and women in military uniform; also, incredible importance; and, given the will support the United Nations leading in essence, sharing with my people the strong arguments on both sides, we an international coalition to disarm historical aspects of our participation may have missed the fact that we actu- Iraq. At the very least, we should give in our unit as part of the famous 100th ally agree on many points. the U.N. a chance before we embark on battalion 442nd infantry Army Reserve We all agree with the President that the dangerous path this resolution organization out of the State of Ha- Saddam Hussein is a brutal dictator. takes us. waii. I did this, in observing these men We all agree with the President that I will vote against H.J. Res. 114. and women in uniform, as I reflected both Iraq and the world would be bet- Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- on the fact that in a couple of days I ter off without him. We all agree with er, it is my great honor to yield 2 min- would be here before my colleagues ex- the President that Iraq must be rid of utes to the gentleman from Louisiana pressing my opinion of what we should its weapons of mass destruction. So, as (Mr. VITTER), a Member of the Com- do in the aftermath of the President the President said on Monday night, we mittee on Appropriations. asking us to make a decision on this all agree on the goal. The issue is how Mr. VITTER. Mr. Speaker, I thank important issue. best to achieve it. my friend from Wisconsin for yielding As a member of the Committee on Right now, we have two choices. We me time. International Relations, Mr. Speaker, I can vote for the resolution before us, or Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong voted in favor, in support of the pro- we can vote against it. If we vote for it support of the resolution granting posed resolution now under consider- we are, in effect, granting the Presi- President Bush the authority he seeks ation by this body. In principle, House dent unprecedented authority to to take decisive action against Saddam Joint Resolution 114 embodies our Na- launch a unilateral, preemptive strike Hussein. Clearly, this decision is one of tion’s efforts to work with our allies against Iraq. the most sobering I have had to make and work with the United Nations Se- Much has been made of the fact that during my time in public service. It is curity Council and the United Nations the resolution is not the blank check a decision that no Member of Congress General Assembly to seriously consider originally submitted by the President, considers lightly. It is also one that I the demands and the dangers that are that concessions have been made, that take confidently and with great moral now posed by the current regime ruled under the current resolution the Presi- clarity. by dictator Saddam Hussein.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7333 I am happy to observe that our Presi- As a result, he proposed six principles about the Vietnam War. He skirted his dent’s initial rhetoric on this most se- or criteria or tests that I think our Na- own military service and then failed to rious matter is now more realistically tion must answer positively before our serve out his time in the National applied. The fact is that our President Nation should commit its sons and Guard; and he reported years later must come to the Congress not just to daughters to war. I want to share these that, at the height of the conflict in consult, but must come to the Congress six principles with my colleagues here 1968, he did not notice any ‘‘heavy to justify himself on whether or not we this afternoon. stuff’’ going on. should commit our men and women in Test number one, ‘‘Commit only if So we have a President who thinks military uniform and put them in our allies and our vital interests are at foreign territory is the opponent’s dug- harm’s way. I am sure my colleagues stake. Number two, if we commit, do so out and Kashmir is a sweater. What is need not be reminded of the wisdom of with all of the resources necessary to most unconscionable is that there is how the Founding Fathers established win. Number three, go in only with not a shred of evidence to justify the our system of government as plainly clear political and military objectives. certain loss of life. Do the generalized written, clearly written in the Con- Number four, be ready to change the threats and half-truths of this adminis- stitution, where, this power in this commitment if the objectives change, tration give any one of us in Congress most serious matter, is given to the since war is rarely standstill. Number the confidence to tell a mother or fa- Congress and not to the President, the five, only take on commitments that ther or family that the loss of their power to declare war. gain the support of the American peo- child or loved one was in the name of a I think another matter that also ple and the Congress. And, number six, just cause? Is the President’s need for needs to be restated in the aspects of commit U.S. forces only as a last re- revenge for the threat once posed to his how our government functions, Con- sort.’’ father enough to justify the death of gress also is given the important re- Mr. Speaker, I want to share with my any American? I submit the answer to sponsibility of raising an Army and a colleagues a statement made by a gen- these questions is no. Navy, not the President. I think it eral some 2,500 years ago named Gen- Aside from the wisdom of going to shows quite well how our Founding Fa- eral Sun Tzu. He said, ‘‘The art of war war as Bush wants, I am troubled by thers said, we do not want another em- is of vital importance to the State. It who pays for his capricious adventure peror or another king; we want to is a matter of life and death, a road ei- into world domination. The Adminis- make sure that there is a checks and ther to safety or to ruin. Hence, under tration admits to a cost of around $200 balance system. I think this is how we no circumstances can it be neglected.’’ billion. Now, wealthy individuals will came out with such an excellent way of Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 not pay; they have big tax cuts al- proceeding to make sure that this kind minutes to the gentleman from Cali- ready. Corporations will not pay; they will just continue to cook the books of authority or power is not given ex- fornia (Mr. STARK), ranking member on and move overseas and send their conclusively just to the President. the Subcommittee on Health of the When our Secretary of State Powell Committee on Ways and Means, but tributions to the Republicans. Rich appeared before our Committee on known as the fierce fighter for Medi- kids will not pay; their daddies will get International Relations, I asked Sec- care and Medicaid. them deferments as Big George did for retary Powell some questions that (Mr. STARK asked and was given George W. Well, then, who will pay? School kids were very dear to my heart. I asked, permission to revise and extend his re- will pay. There will be no money to ‘‘Secretary Powell, if and when our Na- marks.) keep them from being left behind, way tion should ever declare war, are we Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I rise in behind. Seniors will pay. They will pay going to go there to win and nothing opposition to this resolution. I am big time as the Republicans privatize deeply troubled that lives may be lost less? Secretary Powell, I don’t want Social Security and continue to rob the without a meaningful attempt to bring another Vietnam War. I don’t want to trust fund to pay for this capricious Iraq into compliance with U.N. resolu- hear another bunch of half-baked plans war. Medicare will be curtailed and tions through careful and cautious di- and objectives being done by some bu- drugs will be more unaffordable, and plomacy. reaucrats in the Pentagon, and then a there will not be any money for a drug The bottom line is that I do not trust policy where the enemy soldiers can benefit because Bush will spend it on a the President and his advisors. shoot at you, but you can’t shoot war. Working folks will pay through Make no mistake. We are voting on a back.’’ Secretary Powell’s response loss of jobs, job security, and bar- resolution that grants total authority was, ‘‘Yes, if we are going to go to war, gaining rights. And our grandchildren to a President who wants to invade a we are going to go to win.’’ will pay, through the degradation of sovereign nation without any specific I also asked Secretary Powell, ‘‘Are our air and water quality, and the enact of provocation. This would author- we going to be working with the Secu- tire Nation will pay as Bush continues ize the United States to act as the ag- rity Council and the United Nations?’’ to destroy civil rights, women’s rights, gressor for the first time in our his- Again he responded and said, ‘‘Yes, ex- and religious freedom in a rush to tory. And it sets a precedent for our actly. This is our objective as far as phoney patriotism and to courting the Nation or any nation to exercise brute the administration is concerned.’’ messianic Pharisees of the religious I also asked Secretary Powell, ‘‘Will force anywhere in the world without right. our Nation take up the responsibility regard to international law or inter- The questions before the Members of as well to provide for some millions of national consensus. Congress must not this House and to all Americans are Iraqi refugees who will be fleeing from walk in lockstep behind a President immense, but there are clear answers. these horrible consequences of war who has been so callous as to proceed America is not currently confronted by which, I believe, will also cause serious without reservation as if the war is of a genuine, proven, imminent threat economic and social conditions to the no real consequence. from Iraq. The call for war is wrong. surrounding Arab countries in the Mid- Mr. Speaker, 3 years ago, in Decem- What greatly saddens me at this dle East?’’ And he said, ‘‘Yes, we will ber, Molly Ivins, an observer of Texas point in our history is my fear that also have to take up that responsi- politics wrote, ‘‘For an upper-class this entire spectacle has not been bility.’’ white boy, Bush comes on way too planned for the well-being of the world, Mr. Speaker, as we consider this mat- hard, at a guess, to make up for being but for the short-term political inter- ter now before us, I am reminded of an an upper-class white boy. Somebody,’’ ests of our President. incident that occurred years ago in the she wrote, ‘‘should be worrying about Now, I am also greatly disturbed that Middle East where a terrorist bombing how all this could affect his handling of many Democratic leaders have also put of the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut, future encounters with some Saddam political calculation above the Presi- Lebanon, where hundreds of Marines Hussein.’’ Pretty prophetic, Ms. Ivins. dent’s accountability to truth and rea- were needlessly killed as a result of Let us not forget that our President, son by supporting this resolution. that incident. At that time our Sec- our Commander in Chief, has no experi- But I conclude that the only answer retary of Defense, Casper Weinberger, ence or knowledge of war. In fact, he is to vote ‘‘no’’ on the resolution before was literally tortured by this incident. admits that he was at best ambivalent us.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE Mr. Speaker, I rise to offer my sup- America’s Armed Forces. We are a The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. port for the resolution before us and to peaceful Nation, preferring instead to HASTINGS of Washington). The Chair offer my support for our President. rely on diplomacy in our relations with would remind the Member that it is There is no task that any of us faces other countries. not in order to refer to the President in that is more serious than making the On the question of Iraq in particular, personal terms. Although remarks in decision to commit our military to the United States and the United Na- debate may include criticism of the danger abroad. Mr. Speaker, I do not tions have been exceedingly patient, President’s official actions or policies, take this task lightly, but with the de- working steadily to integrate Iraq into they may not include criticism on a cision that currently faces us, I feel we the community of law-abiding nations, personal level. have no choice. but to date we have failed. In the dec- Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- Above all, it is our responsibility as ades since Desert Storm, Iraq has cho- er, I thank the Chair for that reminder. Members of Congress to work with the sen a very different path. Iraq has I think it is an important reminder, es- President to protect our citizens from worked to develop weapons of mass de- pecially when we are debating such se- danger. While it is my hope that construction, including chemical and bio- rious matters here. tinued diplomatic efforts ultimately logical agents; and Saddam Hussein It is my honor, Mr. Speaker, to yield prove this resolution unnecessary, his- has repeatedly ignored U.N. resolutions 2 minutes to the gentleman from Ne- tory has shown that we should not and demanding that he disarm. He has re- braska (Mr. TERRY), a member of the cannot take that chance. fused to allow weapons inspectors ac- Committee on Energy and Commerce. As our esteemed colleague, the chair- cess to potential sites. Thus, the threat (Mr. TERRY asked and was given man of the Committee on International of obtaining stocks of these terrible permission to revise and extend his re- Relations, reminded us yesterday, 66 weapons continues to grow. marks.) years ago another brutal dictator ter- Most troubling of all, Saddam Hus- Mr. TERRY. Mr. Speaker, I rise in rorized his own people, instigated reli- sein has shown, has demonstrated, his support of this resolution. In dealing gious and ethnic persecution on a mas- willingness to use such horrible weap- with Iraq, we must act in the best in- sive scale, and declared his aggressive ons against other nations and against terests of our national security. Based intent against his neighbors. The world his own people. Only when military ac- on the evidence against Saddam Hus- still bears the scars from the mistake tion is imminent does the Iraqi regime sein, we no longer wonder if he has of ignoring the threat of evil posed by begin to discuss allowing inspectors to weapons of mass destruction or if he Adolph Hitler. return, but the restrictions they wish will use them, but when. History has shown that Saddam Hus- Defectors have reported the existence to place on these inspectors would ef- sein, too, is a brutal dictator and he of mobile germ warfare laboratories. fectively render their mission useless needs to be held in check. We know Dump trucks purchased through the and, instead, simply delay action and what he has done to the Kurds. We U.N. humanitarian aid program have allow a covert weapons program to know what he has done to his own peo- been converted into military vehicles. begin to bear terrifying results. ple. We cannot turn our backs as the If we wait until Iraq succeeds in Saddam Hussein is an expert in dual threat of Saddam Hussein continues to achieving these goals, we will have technologies. Computers used in hos- plague our Nation and the world. waited too long. pitals can also generate designs for nu- Iraq’s use and its continued develop- The resolution we are debating today clear weapons. Saddam imports dual- ment of weapons of mass destruction, encourages a diplomatic solution to use technologies and then diverts them as well as its connections with ter- the threat that Iraq poses to our na- to military use. rorist organizations that wish to do the tional security. The President has b 1500 United States harm, demand that we called on the U.N. to act effectively to His regime is founded upon the ha- act prudently to protect our citizens enforce Iraq’s disarmament and ensure tred of America and Israel, his loathing from danger. full compliance with Security Council for freedom and liberty, and his fear for While it is necessary for us to make resolutions. But if the U.N. cannot act democracy. Saddam is driven by the the preparations to go to war, we effectively, this resolution will provide fantasy to triumph over the free world. should not be going at it alone. I en- the President with full support to use We must implement a long-term solu- courage President Bush to work hard all appropriate means. tion to neutralize this threat that Sad- for the passage of a U.N. resolution ac- Mr. Speaker, neither I nor any Mem- dam poses to America, to the free knowledging the threat that Iraq poses ber of this body want to see a renewed world, and to his own people. to the world. The United States does conflict in Iraq. We must be prepared Military action is not the desired not suffer alone from the threat that to act give the President flexibility means of resolving the Iraqi situation. Saddam poses. We should not go at it that he needs to respond to this gath- I do not take lightly the prospect of alone in combatting that threat either. ering threat to protect American lives sending our young Americans to war. Just as we did during the Gulf War, and address the threat to global peace. Force, however, may be an eventuality this administration should work to I urge my colleagues to support the for which we must prepare. This resolu- build a multinational coalition to resolution. tion permits the use of force to prevent share the burden of any possible mili- Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 a ruthless dictator from using deadly tary action against Iraq. minutes to the gentlewoman from weapons of mass destruction. In conclusion, let me reiterate my Florida (Ms. BROWN), the ranking mem- Without regard to U.N. resolutions or support for this resolution. ber of the Subcommittee on Coast international law he has sought, ob- Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- Guard and Maritime Transportation tained, and used weapons of mass de- er, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman and a fighter for the people of her dis- struction even on his own people. Un- from New Hampshire (Mr. SUNUNU), a trict. less the U.N. resolutions are backed by member of the Committee on Appro- Ms. BROWN of Florida. Mr. Speaker, action, he will brazenly frustrate simi- priations and vice-chairman of the I thank the gentleman for yielding lar attempts to inspect and disarm his Committee on the Budget. time to me. arsenal. Military consequences are the Mr. SUNUNU. Mr. Speaker, I rise Mr. Speaker, I stand before the Mem- only way to stop Saddam Hussein’s today in support of the resolution, a bers today, one of three African Ameri- games and force legitimate inspec- resolution which I believe will send a cans sent to the United States Con- tions. clear and an unmistakable message to gress 10 years ago, the first time in 129 Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I our own citizens, our allies, and our en- years that Florida sent an African yield 5 minutes to the distinguished emies, as well, that Congress stands be- American to Congress from the great gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. hind our President in defense of Amer- State of Florida; the scene of the crime HOLDEN). ica’s national security interests. of the 2000 Presidential election, where Mr. HOLDEN. Mr. Speaker, I thank Mr. Speaker, there is no more serious thousands of African American votes my friend, the gentleman from New an issue for Congress to debate than were not counted, over 27,000 thrown York, for yielding time to me. the question of authorizing the use of out in my district, with the Supreme

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7335 Court selecting the President in a 5–4 public otherwise, they have not shown situations that cause a nation to rise decision. any evidence of a connection between 9/ with certainty and defend itself. Many of my colleagues say that the 11 and Iraq. Iraq’s government is not a I urge my colleagues to send a clear President is the only person elected by democracy, but neither are many other message to Saddam Hussein: disarm, or all of the people. Did I miss something? countries on the State Department ter- face the consequences. There is no mid- This President was selected by the Su- rorist list. dle ground. preme Court, and that fateful decision In closing, Mr. Speaker, it is in the Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I was over 600 days ago. Now this Presi- hands of my colleagues. I do believe yield 5 minutes to the distinguished dent, who runs our country without a that there is good and evil in the gentleman from Washington (Mr. mandate, has pushed us to the brink of world, and what we are about to do SMITH). war. here in the next couple of days will tilt Mr. SMITH of Washington. Mr. The President is asking Congress to it in a negative direction. I do hope Speaker, I rise in support of this reso- give him a blank check. I say today to that I am wrong, but I do believe what lution because I believe that the threat the President, his account has come we will do here today will not only af- of force is required if we are to have back overdrawn. This blank check fect our children, but our children’s any hope of disarming Saddam Hussein gives him too much power: a blank children will pay for what we are about and removing the threat that he pre- check that forces Congress to waive its to do. sents to our Nation and to the world. constitutional duties to declare war, a May God have mercy on America, Just about everybody agrees that blank check that lets the President de- and God bless America. Saddam Hussein does in fact pose a clare war and not consult Congress Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- threat. The debate seems to be about until 48 hours after the attack begins. er, as part of this great debate, I yield how large that threat is, how imminent Let me repeat that, a blank check that 2 minutes to the gentleman from Flor- it is, and how much it is directed at us. lets the President declare war and not ida (Mr. CRENSHAW), a member of the I think the evidence makes it clear even consult with Congress until 48 Committee on Appropriations and the that we face a threat. hours after the attack has begun. Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. I am sympathetic to those who would Not only has the President given us Mr. CRENSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I rise like to wish away that threat because an economic deficit, but there is a defin support of this resolution. of the hard choice that we have to face icit in his argument. Why Iraq, and No person of common sense wants when we realize that we do have a why today? war. Rational people agree that war threat against us, but it does not In the 10 years that I served in Con- should be the last resort. But there is a change the facts. Saddam Hussein has gress, this is the most serious vote I real, dangerous, and deadly threat a long history of trying to develop the will take. I have to say, the resolution posed by Iraq; and we must face this most deadly weapons possible: chem- on Iraq the White House drafted is in- challenge head on or suffer the con- tentionally misleading. It misleads the ical, biological, and nuclear. He was sequences of inaction. first thwarted in 1981 by Israel, then in American people, the international Saddam Hussein ignores repeated de- community and, yes, the United States 1991 by the Gulf War, and now all evi- mands to stop accumulating weapons dence points to the fact that he is try- Congress. of mass destruction. These are not our This is a sad day, almost as sad as it ing to develop those weapons again. demands, they are the demands of the was 627 days ago when the Supreme That makes him a threat right off the world. Court selected George W. Bush as the bat. In an ideal world, Saddam Hussein President. The White House talks Plus he has a proven propensity for would disarm immediately. In an ideal about dictators, but we have not done violence, a proven propensity to use world, Saddam Hussein would stop anything to correct what has happened those weapons. As bad as we think Iran manufacturing, stockpiling, and pur- right here in the United States. It and North Korea are, and the Soviet amazes me that we question other gov- suing weapons of mass destruction. In Union was, none of those countries ernments when in our country we did an ideal world, Saddam Hussein would have ever used chemical weapons. They not have a fair election. tell us what happened to Captain Scott drew the line; Saddam Hussein did not. I recently traveled to Russia, China, Speicher, a young man, a Navy pilot He crossed over it, and he used chem- and South Korea; and I believe it would from my hometown of Jacksonville, ical weapons against his own people. be unfortunate to damage the goodwill who was the first man shot down be- He also has clearly expressed his dis- our Nation was receiving after Sep- hind enemy lines during the Gulf War. dain for the United States of America tember 11. But there is a song, ‘‘You In an ideal world, Iraq would honor the ever since the Gulf War, so clearly he is are on your own.’’ Mr. Speaker, we are 16 United Nations resolutions that he a threat to us. has thumbed his nose at for the last 11 on our own with this. No one in the b 1515 international community is behind us. years. I have not seen any information dem- But we do not live in an ideal world. The presence of international ter- onstrating that Iraq poses a threat to The reality demands that we act. We rorism changes the nature of this our country any more than it did 10 must act because the danger is grave threat. Many have said we have not years ago, and certainly I do not have and growing. We must act because Sad- proven a link to 9–11, we have not prov- reason to believe we should attack uni- dam Hussein is a man with no moral en a link between Saddam Hussein and laterally without the support of the limits. He is uniquely evil, and the al Qaeda, but there is ample evidence U.N. In fact, recent poll numbers sug- only ruler in power today, and the only that some degree of connection is gest that many Americans do not sup- one since Hitler, to commit a campaign there. And there is certainly ample port the way that the President is han- of chemical genocide against his own reason that tells us that Saddam Hus- dling the situation and, indeed, the people. sein coming together with the inter- way Congress handles the situation. We must act because the worst thing national terrorists who oppose us is They think we are spending too much we could do is turn our heads and pre- quite likely and quite possible; and time talking about Iraq and not dis- tend that Saddam Hussein does not that makes the threats both imminent cussing problems like health care, edu- exist. We must not allow this dictator and to the U.S. because terrorism cation and, yes, their pensions. to arm himself with nuclear capabili- would enable Saddam Hussein to de- Many also say they do not want the ties and position himself further as the liver these weapons through means United States to act without support world’s bully, blackmailing those with- other than having to develop an inter- by allies and, by a 2 to 1 margin, do not in his nuclear grasp, blindsiding re- continental missile. He could deliver want the United States to act before gional stability, and threatening our them in any manner of different ways the U.N. weapons inspectors have had national security through his dealings and has shown a certain willingness to- an opportunity to enter Iraq and con- with terrorists. wards violence against the U.S. duct further investigations. There is nothing desirable about We face a threat. We cannot wish Although the administration is at- breaching the bounds of civility to away that threat because of con- tempting to convince the American forge peace. Even so, I believe there are sequences of acknowledging it. We face

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 that threat, and we must stand up to dog,’’ he was dealing with his personal Oil for Food Program, diverting unit, and the threat of force against him problems. We undercut our own Presi- counted millions to fund a military is necessary to meet it. dent at a time when he needed us most. buildup and develop weapons of mass Now, I want to deal with the preemp- And now when I see Democrats doing destruction, all the while allowing a re- tive argument because many have said the same thing by questioning the ported 1 million children to die of star- we are becoming a rogue nation by President’s motives at a time when we vation. doing this. And I regret what the Presi- need to come together as a country, I The oppressed citizens of Iraq are not dent has said about a policy of preemp- similarly destain that partisanship. our enemy, only the evil regime of Sad- tive strike because I think it has mud- There is plenty of room to disagree dam Hussein. This resolution is a died the waters. We do not have to vio- here about whether or not we should go grave, but necessary, step in con- late international law to go to war to war. We do not need to question the fronting the danger of his regime. It with Saddam Hussein. We are in an ar- personal motives of our President now does not inevitably lead us to war. It mistice with Saddam Hussein and Iraq. any more than we should have back in encourages the United Nations to live We went to war with them in 1991. That 1998 when it was Republicans doing it up to its true purpose. war was only ended by an armistice, an to Democrats instead of Democrats President John F. Kennedy described armistice which everyone knows Sad- doing it to Republicans. courage as ‘‘doing what is right even in dam Hussein is in violation of. We are Lastly, I would like to deal with the the face of unrelenting pressure.’’ The clearly within the bounds of inter- issue of how this affects the people of time has come for the U.N. to take de- national law to use force to enforce Iraq. There has been much criticism of cisive action, but we cannot let the that armistice. We do not have to get the sanctions regime on Iraq, much U.N.’s inaction keep us from defending into a debate about first strikes and criticism of the effect that has had on our national security. preemptive action. We are clearly the Iraqi people. Ironically, that criti- President Bush is effectively building within the bounds of the international cism has come from some of the same an international coalition, but for law. people who now criticize our threat to those countries afraid or unwilling to It has also been said that we should use force against Iraq. I think the criti- join our coalition, this resolution en- work multilaterally. I completely cism was this is harming the Iraqi peo- courages them to help in our effort to agree that we should. Again, I regret ple and doing nothing to Saddam Hus- preserve peace and democracy. A few weeks after September 11, I the approach the President took earlier sein. personally visited Ground Zero. I will this year when stories were leaked So if we do not threaten to use force never forget the smouldering rubble about how he could do it without con- and back it up if necessary to disarm where innocent thousands lost their gressional approval. He did not want to Saddam Hussein and remove that lives. There I spoke with the New York go to the U.N. He wanted to do it uni- threat, what are we left with? Do we City firefighter who lost so many of his laterally. I think that was a mistake. I simply remove the economic sanctions heroic colleagues. And before I de- and say it is okay for Saddam Hussein think he should have learned from his parted, he passionately challenged me, to make a mockery of international father’s example when Iraq invaded Ku- saying, ‘‘Don’t you ever let them forget law, to make a mockery of the same wait. The first thing the first George what happened here.’’ Bush did was to call the U.N. and say multilateralism that we claim to sup- I now have the honor to speak on be- let us work together. We should have port, to continue to develop weapons of half of that brave firefighter and chal- taken that approach, but now we are. mass destruction that threaten us and lenge this Congress. We must not for- It has been said, How can we give the world and simply say we will do get those who lost their lives on 9–11, this power to the President who wants nothing? and we must overwhelmingly support to go right over our heads and totally I fully admit this is a hard choice. this resolution to defend our freedom. ignore Congress? We are here talking Going to war is not easy, but we cannot Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 about it. He is not going over our wish away the threat and pretend minutes to the gentleman from North heads. He is asking us for that support. somehow this is simply motivated by Carolina (Mr. PRICE), a leading member So that too is not an issue. personal motivations of the President. of the Committee on Appropriations We should act multilaterally. We are. There is a clear threat here we must and the Committee on the Budget. It is my profound hope that we will not deal with. I hope the threat of force (Mr. PRICE of North Carolina asked go to war, that Saddam Hussein faced deals with it; but if the threat does and was given permission to revise and with this threat will allow for the dis- not, we must follow through in order to extend his remarks.) armament to happen. But absent this protect ourselves and protect the Mr. PRICE of North Carolina. Mr. threat, rest assured he will not react in world. Speaker, I rise in support of the sub- the way that we want him to. Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- stitute resolution offered by the gen- I also regret that politics has been er, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman tleman from South Carolina (Mr. brought into this. During the time from Kentucky (Mr. FLETCHER), a vet- SPRATT) and in opposition to the when we were trying to deal with the eran of the U.S. Air Force, someone Hastert-Gephardt resolution. crises in Kosovo and Bosnia and even who understands the dangers of war The Spratt-Allen-Price-Snyder-Cly- Iraq in 1998, I was deeply angered by very well. burn - Matsui - Larson - Moran - Reyes - Republican colleagues who attacked Mr. FLETCHER. Mr. Speaker, before Levin resolution recognizes the danger the President’s character as he tried to 9–11 the threat of terrorists and those posed by Iraq’s possession and develop- deal with this threat. states that harbored them was unfortu- ment of weapons of mass destruction, ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE nately not taken as seriously. and it recognizes the need to enforce The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. LIN- In the 1990’s, terrorists bombed the United Nations resolutions providing DER). The gentleman will suspend. World Trade Center, two American em- for the destruction of these weapons The Chair requests the doormen in bassies, an American barracks, and the and of the capacity to produce them. the gallery to take care of that USS Cole. We took only limited action It authorizes the President to utilize cellphone noise and remove it. Will the then, but now we cannot let the deaths armed forces to protect and support Sergeant at Arms find that and have it of nearly 3,000 Americans on September arms inspectors and to undertake en- removed from the gallery? 11 be in vain. We vowed after that to do forcement actions under U.N. auspices. The gentleman will continue. our best to rid the world of terrorists It does not, however, give the Presi- Mr. SMITH of Washington. Mr. and fear. dent open-ended authorization to use Speaker, the criticisms of President Over the past 12 years, the United force unilaterally or preemptively. For Clinton were that in trying to deal Nations has issued numerous warnings that he would have to come to Con- with Saddam Hussein, when he finally about the blatant defiance of Iraq. Ad- gress for a specific vote after other so thwarted the U.N. inspectors that ditionally, we know that Saddam Hus- means had been exhausted. they were forced to leave because they sein’s brutal regime has used biological As the gentleman from South Caro- could not do their job, criticism was and chemical weapons against even his lina (Mr. SPRATT) has testified, ‘‘A sec- that the President was ‘‘wagging the own citizens. Hussein has violated the ond vote is not an imposition on the

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7337 President’s powers. It is the age-old tration’s recently enunciated ‘‘doc- lost in the bombing of the Khobar Tow- system of checks and balances and one trine’’ of the right of one country to ers in Saudi; the foreign service per- way Congress can say that we prefer take preemptive or even preventative sonnel we lost in Tanzania and Kenya; for any action against Iraq to have the military action against hostile states. and then the sailors weapon lost in sanction of the Security Council and This doctrine goes far beyond the Yemen; and, finally, Mr. Speaker, the the support of a broadbased coalition.’’ recognized right of anticipatory self- people we lost in New York and in D.C. An up-or-down congressional vote on defense. b 1530 a resolution authorizing force is a A unilateral attack on Iraq would be blunt instrument at best. And regard- difficult to justify under existing Intelligence tells us that Saddam less of which resolution passes, the standards, for even the Bush adminis- Hussein has massive stockpiles of President and Congress and the coun- tration has not consistently argued weapons and he has missiles, the capa- try will still face critical decisions that the threat to the U.S. from Iraq is bility of delivering those weapons. Our President does not easily want to down the road. The Iraqi threat, as imminent. But we must ask how this go to war. He has even stated this re- grave as it is, must be assessed in the new doctrine would play out as other peatedly on many occasions, but it is a context of other antiterrorist and dip- nations eagerly adopt it and act on it difficult situation that he is in and we lomatic objectives. After all, the war for their own purposes. are in, Mr. Speaker. But this resolution against al Qaeda is hardly won. It is As former Secretary of State Henry demonstrates the resolve of the Amer- Kissinger recently stated, ‘‘It cannot critical, as the Spratt resolution ican people to force Saddam Hussein to be either in the American national in- states, that action against Iraq not im- comply with U.N. regulations which, terest or in the world’s interest to de- peril international cooperation in the until now, he has flagrantly abused. fight against terrorism or displace re- velop principles that grant every na- This resolution will send a clear mes- lated diplomatic endeavors such as pur- tion an unfettered right of preemption sage to the Middle East, to the oppres- suit of an Israeli-Palestinian settle- against its own definition of threats to sive dictator, the Butcher of Baghdad, ment. its security.’’ and to the rest of the world that we Moreover, a complex of policies is ei- Mr. Speaker, the question before us will not live in fear; that we will not ther already in place or is envisioned in is not whether but how best to address tolerate terrorism; and that we will use the resolutions before us: a regime of the threats posed by Iraq’s weapons the force necessary to protect our peo- coercive inspections; U.N. enforcement programs and its continued defiance of ple, our freedoms and our way of life of the mandate to disarm; readiness for the world community. from those who seek only to destroy A purely military response, particu- a devastating response to any aggres- such. sive Iraqi military action; no-fly zones; larly one taken unilaterally or preemp- It goes without saying this President intense surveillance; a tight embargo tively, would have costs and risks that has sworn to do a duty. We must give on strategic and dual-use materials. should lead us to regard it as a last re- him the power and the necessary au- Could these policies contain, deter, and sort. We must deal with the threat in thorization to do so. ultimately disarm Iraq, making a mili- ways that do not compromise our I strongly support this resolution and tary invasion unnecessary and enabling broader war on terrorism and that ask my colleagues to do the same. us to attend to other equally impor- maintain the support and engagement Mr. Speaker, today we are debating whether tant antiterrorist priorities? of our allies. or not to support the President of the United We cannot answer that question now. The Spratt substitute resolution States in his efforts to exercise his sworn duty But should we not know that answer keeps these priorities straight. It up- to protect the nation. before we authorize a massive military holds Congress’ role in authorizing That there is a gathering threat to America invasion which surely represents an ex- military operations, not indiscrimi- from the dictator Saddam Hussein goes with- treme option? nately, but under specific conditions out saying, but let me reiterate some of the We should not make this congres- for specific purposes. It is vastly pref- past actions that demonstrate that threat. sional vote any blunter an instrument erable to the open-ended Hastert-Gep- Saddam Hussein invaded neighboring Ku- than it needs to be. We are being asked hardt resolution, and I urge its adop- wait without provocation. He has used weap- to line up behind an open-ended resolution. ons of mass destruction against his own peo- tion that has been improved by hor- Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- ple, killing and maiming thousands upon thou- tatory language but still authorizes er, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman sands of innocents, including women and chil- the President to invade unilaterally or from Georgia (Mr. COLLINS), a veteran dren. In 1993. Saddam sent a Land Cruiser preemptively under circumstances, of the National Guard and a member of loaded with 400 pounds of explosives into Ku- weeks or months hence, that we cannot the Committee on Ways and Means. wait to attempt to assassinate former Presi- possibly foresee. This, we are told, will Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, I rise in dent George Bush. He has deceived weapons help the administration influence the support of this resolution to give the inspectors and violated the conditions of the U.N. Security Council and apply max- President of the United States the au- 1991 Cease-fire agreement with the United imum pressure on Iraq. Now, that is thority to exercise his sworn duty to Nations. He has continued to stockpile chem- not a negligible argument; but it does protect the people of this Nation. ical and biological weapons, and recent intel- not do justice to our duty, as members There is no question that Saddam ligence tells us, is much closer than we pre- of a coordinate branch of government, Hussein is a threat to the United viously thought possible to developing and to help set national policy. States and other parts of the world. He constructing a usable nuclear weapon. Our job is to provide a responsible has used weapons of mass destruction Over the past 12 years we have learned and rational guide to policy, should against his own people, killing and many painful lessons regarding the Middle compliance and enforcement fail. The maiming thousands upon thousands of East and terrorism. Our citizens have been at- open-ended resolution requested by the innocents, including women and chil- tacked and killed repeatedly. The 1996 bomb- President would represent an abdica- dren. He has deceived weapons inspec- ing of the Khobar Towers by Saudi dissidents tion of that responsibility. tors and violated the conditions of the funded and organized by Iranian Leadership The Spratt resolution with its re- 1991 cease-fire agreement with the killed 19 of our servicemen and women. In quired second vote would give us the United Nations. He has continued to 1998, the coordinated bombing of American means to exercise our constitutional stockpile chemical and biological embassies in Tanzania and Kenya killed 224 role more fully and with better com- weapons, and recent intelligence tells people, including 12 Americans. In 2000, 17 mand of the facts. And, no less than us he is much closer than we pre- American Sailors were killed in the Port of the Hastert-Gephardt resolution, it viously thought possible to developing Yemen when terrorists bombed the USS Cole. would serve notice now of our resolve and constructing a usable nuclear And our nation still reels from the effects of to see United Nations resolutions weapon. September 11, 2001 when thousands of our upheld and Iraq disarmed. Over the past few years, we have countrymen were tragically lost to us in dev- Our concern about granting open- learned many painful lessons regarding astating attacks. ended authority to make war should be the Middle East and terrorism: the Ma- And yet, as painful as each of these inci- heightened as we consider the adminis- rine barracks in Beirut; the airmen we dents has been, nothing can compare to the

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Imagine New York City and its 19 million effect, preauthorize the use of unlim- istration the clout they need and they residents dead from the effects of Sarin or VX ited military force against Iraq and in- seek to pressure Iraq into full compli- Nerve gas. Imagine Washington, DC and its vest this awesome authority in one ance. half million residents, sick or dying from An- person, the President of the United Mr. Speaker, I remember one of our thrax, Botulism, or one of the other deadly bio- States. colleagues lamenting the possibility logical agents in Saddam’s arsenal. As many of my colleagues before me immediately after September 11 that And can there be any doubt that he would have stated, the decision that is ours the Constitution would be the first cas- fully use such weapons in American if given by the authority bestowed upon us as ualty of the war on terrorism. It has the chance. If you doubt it, I ask you to con- Members of Congress by the writers of unfortunately been gravely wounded, sider the Kurds who opposed Saddam and the the Constitution, the Founders of this but the mortal blow would come should horrid fate they met at his bloody hands. great country, to send our brave young we forfeit our constitutional authority Our President does not eagerly anticipate men and women to war is the most sol- to declare war and grant unlimited au- war. He is not bent on sending young men emn and serious choice we are ever thority to the President at any time, and women into harm’s way. He has even called on to make. and under whatever circumstances he stated repeatedly his desire to avoid a conflict. I hold to the principle that war sees fit, to take this country into war But this resolution demonstrates the resolve of should be a last resort. This resolution and too many of our young people to the American people to force Saddam Hussein makes it the first resort. an untimely death. to comply with UN Resolutions which, until The President is asking for authority To relinquish such an important con- now he has flagrantly disregarded. Without the to wage a preemptive strike. I have at- stitutional authority sets another dan- teeth provided by this resolution, nothing will tended many briefings, and, to date, gerous precedent that could endanger change. This resolution will send a clear mes- nothing has been forthcoming to jus- other provisions of the body of laws sage to the Middle East; to the oppressive dic- tify such an action at this time. The that has guided this Nation so well for tator—the Butcher of Baghdad; and to the rest case has yet to be made that Iraq poses over 226 years. of the world that we will not live in fear, that an imminent threat to our safety and Finally, this yet-to-be-justified war we will not tolerate terrorism, and that we will national security. would not only commit thousands of use the force necessary to protect our people, In adopting H.J. Res. 114 without lives but would also commit resources our freedoms, and our way of life from those amendment, we would be setting a dan- that this country needs to improve and who seek only to destroy. gerous precedent, embarking upon a save the lives of people right here at Mr. Speaker, this resolution before us today course which could allow nations to de- home. This proposed war, which again is not about whether we will go to war against termine, without international sup- we have not been convinced we need to Iraq, it is about whether we will take the nec- port, who among their neighbors pose a undertake now, will undermine the war essary precautions to protect American citi- threat to their national security and, against terrorism, our homeland secu- zens from a cruel dictator, and while doing so, upon that assertion, wage a first strike rity and further threaten the very fab- remove the yoke of oppression from the necks offensive attack, plunging the world ric of our society. of the people of Iraq. It is about empowering once again into the dangerous era of Mr. Speaker, let us not take action the President to do the job he has sworn to unilateral preemptive use of force by that would undermine the constitu- do. It is about enforcing the United Nations nations. We should not be charting tional authority of the Congress. Vote mandates against a nation that has repeatedly such a course. no on H.J. Res. 114 and support both disregarded them. It is about assuring our While most Americans share the the Lee and Spratt-Moran amendment. safety, security, and freedom. And it is a nec- President’s view, as do I, that Saddam Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- essary tool to ensure the disarmament of Iraq Hussein is a dangerous man and the er, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman and the removal of Saddam Hussein and his world would be better off without his from Florida (Mr. DAN MILLER), a regime of terror. brand of tyranny, we are gravely con- member of the Committee on Appro- I support this resolution and urge my col- cerned about the repercussions of such priations and Committee on Govern- leagues to pass it. a war if we have to fight it alone. The ment Reform. Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 American people are concerned that, (Mr. DAN MILLER of Florida asked minutes to the gentlewoman from the absent the endorsement of the U.N. Se- and was given permission to revise and Virgin Islands (Mrs. CHRISTENSEN), a curity Council, a unilateral first strike extend his remarks.) member of the House Committee on by us would lead to more terror at Mr. DAN MILLER of Florida. Mr. Resources and a leader in health care, home and a wider war in the Middle Speaker, a little over a year ago, this and she has brought attention to the East. country saw evil demonstrated as we U.S. Virgin Islands. So, Mr. Speaker, taking heed of the had never imagined possible. Last Mrs. CHRISTENSEN. Mr. Speaker, I reluctance and the concerns of my con- year’s attacks on our Nation showed us thank my colleague for yielding me the stituents and the American public at all too well the immorality of evil per- time. large, I also join with those who hold sons who are determined to attack us, Mr. Speaker, I must preface my re- that we must exhaust all diplomatic ef- our way of life and the freedom we marks by reminding my colleagues forts and fully utilize all options avail- cherish. We must act to ensure that no that as the representative of the people able to us through the United Nations such attack ever occurs again, and it is of the Virgin Islands, who serve in first as proposed in the Lee amend- today more imperative than ever that some of the highest per capita numbers ment. Iraq’s weapons programs be brought to in our Armed Forces, I do not get to di- Mr. Speaker, the Spratt-Moran light, halted and terminated. The con- rectly influence this decision because I amendment, which I also support, sequences of not acting to prevent Iraq am not allowed to cast a vote on the which closely mirrors the statement of from continuing its weapons develop- resolution we are debating today. principles adopted by the Congres- ment are simply too great to be ig- Nevertheless, I rise because it is im- sional Black Caucus, authorizes the nored. portant that I speak on behalf of my President to use military force pursu- For over a decade, Saddam Hussein constituents on this critical issue ant to a new U.N. Security Council res- and the Iraqi regime has defied and de- which affects them, as it does all olution that mandates the elimination ceived the international community. Americans, despite the fact that nei- of weapons of mass destruction and In its blatant and deliberate violation ther do we vote for our Commander-in- ballistic missiles. The Spratt-Moran of international will and its develop- Chief. amendment would also provide that if ment of weapons of mass destruction, Mr. Speaker, I come to the floor the Security Council does not adopt Iraq has continued to pose a real and today with a heavy heart, preferring such a resolution, the President should significant threat to the security of its

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Under his leadership, the Iraqi the House Committee on Education again showed no respect for inter- regime has had a repeated history of aggres- and the Workforce and a real reformer. national norms and the rule of law or sion against its neighbors, repression of its (Mr. TIERNEY asked and was given respect for human life, just like the people, and hostility toward the international permission to revise and extend his re- terrorists responsible for the murder of community and the United States of America. marks.) 3,000 innocent Americans last year. As The facts speak for themselves: Mr. TIERNEY. Mr. Speaker, as the such, Saddam Hussein is as much a ter- When Iraq invaded its neighbor Iran in previous colleague just said, the deci- rorist and a threat to our Nation as 1980, the ensuing eight year war saw over sion of whether or not to send our those directly responsible for last Sep- one million casualties; young men and women to danger and tember’s heinous acts. Just ten years later, Iraq’s brutal invasion of to possibly kill or harm others is cer- What we know about Saddam Hus- Kuwait in August 1990 was followed by the tainly the most solemn and serious de- sein and the Iraqi regime is unques- detention and use of foreign nationals as cision the Members of Congress will tionably troubling, and, as President human shields, the torture of Kuwaiti citizens have to make. There was no ambiguity between Bush said, what we do not know is even and coalition servicemen including Americans; more so. His continued research and A year after the close of the Persian Gulf Congress and the President with redevelopment of chemical weapons and War, the Iraqi regime plotted a foiled assas- spect to our response to the events of September 11, 2001, but now the issue is other weapons of mass destruction, the sination attempt on President George H. W. how to deal with a nation under con- extent of which is unknown due to his Bush during his visit to Kuwait in 1993; and flagrant violation of international International coalition warplanes patrolling trol of an undeniably dangerous and treacherous individual, Saddam Hus- mandates, is a tremendous threat to and enforcing the UN designated ‘‘no-fly sein. the security of this Nation and must be zones’’ over Iraq—zones agreed to by the The administration seeks to go it stopped. Iraqi regime—have continuously and repeat- alone, seeks a resolution that would The power to declare war and author- edly come under attack from Iraqi anti-aircraft allow the President alone to decide and ize the use of military force is one of installations. determine whether or not it is nec- the most significant powers the Con- But most troubling is Iraq’s capability and essary to attack Iraq. It also seeks au- stitution gives this body. It is a respon- capacity to use weapons of mass destruction: thorization to act for reasons beyond sibility that every Member of Congress 45,000 Iranians were killed when Iraq used Iraq’s failure to disarm after inspec- takes seriously, and there is no more chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq War; tions. I believe there is a better way, a 5,000 Kurdish civilians were killed and an- difficult decision that we can make way recommended by other past com- other 7,000 injured when Saddam Hussein than to choose to send our military manders and present, names like Admi- into action. Ensuring the security of used chemical weapons on his own people in ral Clark, Zinni and others. We should this Nation and the safety of the citi- 1988; and work within the international frame- Iraq again threatened to use chemical zens is a responsibility that we all take work to create a consensus to impose seriously, and I provide my support to weapons against international coalition forces inspections and disarmament and au- President Bush as he makes the tough during the Persian Gulf War. thorize the United States to partici- Saddam Hussein is a ruthless and evil dic- decisions ahead. pate in that U.N. Security Council ef- Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of this tator of a regime that has again and again fort to enforce those inspections and resolution to provide the President authoriza- shown no respect for international norms and disarmament. tion to use the United States Armed Forces the rule of law, or respect for human life—just That resolution should also say that against Iraq. like those terrorists responsible for the murder if efforts are honestly and diligently A little over a year ago, this country saw evil of 3,000 innocent Americans last year. As pursued and they prove unsuccessful, demonstrated as we had never before imag- such, Suddam Hussein is as much a terrorist then the administration should return ined. Last year’s attacks on our nation showed and a threat to our nation as those directly re- to Congress for the determination of us all too well the immorality of evil persons sponsible for last September’s heinous acts. what appropriate action the United who are determined to attack us, our way of What we know about Saddam Hussein and States, and other countries choosing to life, and the freedom that we cherish. We the Iraqi regime is unquestionably troubling, act with it, should then take. must act to ensure that no such attack ever and as President Bush said, what we don’t If Iraq were attacking the United occurs again, and it is today more imperative know is even more so. His continued research States now, Congress would undoubt- than ever that Iraq’s weapons programs be and development of chemical weapons and edly act with the same speed it did on brought to light, halted, and terminated. The other weapons of mass destruction—the ex- September 14, 2001. If Iraq were doing consequences of not acting to prevent Iraq tent of which is unknown due to his flagrant that, we would act, but it is not at- from continuing its weapons development are violation of international mandates—is a tre- tacking the United States at this point simply too great to be ignored. mendous threat to the security of this nation in time. For over a decade now, Saddam Hussein and must be stopped. The administration presents the case and the Iraqi regime has defied and deceived The power to declare war and authorize the that, as the world’s remaining super- the international community. In its blatant and use of military force is one of the most signifi- power, it is justified in using its global deliberate violation of international will and its cant powers the Constitution gives this body. military superiority to preempt per- development of weapons of mass destruction, It is a responsibility that every Member of ceived threats before they occur. We Iraq has continued to pose a real and signifi- Congress takes very seriously, and there is no all know that America always knows cant threat to the security of its neighbors and more difficult decision that we can make than that it can act to prevent disaster, but the entire Persian Gulf region, the national se- to choose to send our military into action. En- elevation of that unilateral preemptive curity of the United States, and indeed the se- suing the security of this nation and the safety policy to a new norm would mean that curity of the civilized world. of her citizens is also a responsibility that I any militarily stronger nation may When Iraq accepted the provisions of the and the other members of this body take very perceive a not-yet-established immi- United Nations Security Council Resolution seriously, and that is why I will vote in support nent threat and act preemptively. That 687 in 1991, it unconditionally accepted the in- of this resolution. I know that President Bush would conjure up thoughts of India and spection, destruction, and removal of its weap- shares this concern for the security of this na- Pakistan, Russia and Chechnya, and ons of mass destruction and missile programs tion, and I have the utmost confidence that he China and Taiwan. under international supervision. Unfortunately, will continue to demonstrate the leadership This would turn decades of inter- however, the United Nations Special Commis- necessary to protect this nation, just as he has national law and norms on their head, sion’s (UNSCOM) inspectors were repeatedly in our war on terrorism. years in which the United States was a impeded and prevented from carrying out their I urge passage of this resolution, to give the leader in establishing international en- mission, and were ultimately banned from Iraq President the necessary flexibility to provide tities and laws, just so that nations

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would not act presumptuously and at- terms of our economy? What will peo- Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 51⁄2 tack others, and instead we set up an ple be asked to forego in terms of edu- minutes to the gentleman from Ohio international system within which dif- cation and health care and prescription (Mr. KUCINICH), a person who has pro- ferences could be resolved without pre- drugs and infrastructure and getting posed a peace committee; a person who emptive attacks being the first resort. people back to work? What about our has been a strong advocate against this The administration says that Hus- plans for reoccupying and restabilizing resolution sein is bad, and no one disagrees, nor Iraq? Mr. KUCINICH. Mr. Speaker, I thank do we disagree with the notion that the Mr. Speaker, as I close, if we go it the gentleman from New Jersey for U.N. resolutions must be enforced by alone, how will we deal with maintain- yielding me this time and for his lead- the U.N. Security Council action. The ing the cooperation of other nations, ership and his work with all of us here. administration, though, asserts that especially Arab and Muslim countries, Mr. Speaker, yesterday students held the United States must act peremp- and our number one threat of ter- a peace rally on the west front of the torily and right now because Iraq is an rorism, should we lose our leadership? Capitol. It may have been the first imminent threat, but the truth be told, Countries look to us for that. rally on the Capitol grounds in opposi- it has not met the burden of proof with Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- tion to war with Iraq I attended, and I respect for that claim. er, I yield 2 minutes to the distin- heard representatives of America’s Yes, Iraq has biological and chemical guished gentleman from Florida (Mr. youth asking questions. Why? Why war weapons and has had them for some JEFF MILLER), a member of the Com- against the people of Iraq? Why assert time. Yes, they may have been trying mittee on Armed Services and the military power, which threatens inno- unsuccessfully to get nuclear capabili- Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. cent civilians? Why war to settle dif- ties, but we have stopped them from Mr. JEFF MILLER of Florida. Mr. ferences? Why separate our Nation doing that. In fact, the inspections Speaker, no Member of this body ever from the world community? Why not were successful in inhibiting those at- wants to put our men and women in give peaceful resolution a chance? tempts, and Iraq does not have nuclear harm’s way in a war, a war that will I looked into the eyes of our youth. I capability nor does it have the means undoubtedly cost lives and inflict anx- looked at their fresh faces, faces hope- to deliver weapons of mass destruction iety on the families of the loved ones ful and optimistic yet challenging, ask- against the United States. who are in harm’s way. ing why. Soon the voices of our youth We have kept those materials from My community hosts the Navy’s fu- will be heard across this Nation, and Iraq and from terrorists. And the irony ture force in schoolhouses, in the Air we should pay them heed. They will be is that, while the administration cava- Force’s current command and wing heard on campuses, in town halls, and lierly talks about a $100 to $200 billion commands and special operation units. many marches. They will be raised to cost of attack and rebuilding Iraq, it It is these brave men and women who challenge and to confront senseless vio- fails to come to this body and push for will fight this war. lence, mindless war, the death of inno- legislation that would be far less costly cents, the destruction of villages to b 1545 under the Nunn-Lugar cooperative save villages. threat reduction to safeguard weapons These are the men and women who Voices will be lifted up in urgency be- of mass destruction materials from will put their lives on the line for us cause the future knows when the place getting into the hands of terrorists or and defend freedom. it needs to build could be destroyed. Iraq or anyone else; and that simply is I do not question the need for this ac- The future knows and is skeptical the path we should take. tion. I do not question the risk that is about promises of peace that are There is currently insufficient evi- presented. But I do not wish for this wrapped in fire and brimstone. Our dence of Iraq’s complicity with terror- war. I wish with all my soul that this young people opposing war represent a ists, and today we learned through de- monster could be removed from power message from the future America, the classified CIA reports that Iraq is not without firing a single shot. I wish the America that can be, and with the likely to use biological/chemical weap- people of Iraq would rise up and put upwardly-spiraling aspirations of mil- ons against the United States unless their lives on the line, as our military lions of Americans of all ages, the we send people in and provoke it in personnel will. I wish we did not have America that will be. that region, and a number of reports so to send America’s sons and daughters The future America works to make indicate. to liberate their sons and daughters nonviolence an organizing principle in Given the absence of a direct threat from a man who murders his own peo- our society. The future America works to the United States and the absence of ple. I wish our European partners to make war archaic. It is a Nation an imminent threat to the United would see the threat as we do. I wish that lives courageously in peace, work- States, we should proceed, but first, they would use their tools to unite a ing to settle differences at home and the United States, as a founder and a common response to Iraq rather than abroad, without killing. The future leader of the Security Council, should sow the seeds of division seen in the America comprehends the world as an lead the international council to en- parliaments and personal political interconnected whole. It understands force inspection and disarmament, and campaigns of our allies. But most of that changes in transportation, com- we should seek further to get rid of all, we see that the world is content to munication, and trades have made peo- weapons of mass destruction through- ride our backs to prosperity and to ple throughout the world neighbors. out that Middle East region and not freedom, a weight that we have carried The future America believes that stop with just Iraq. We should also use before and, apparently, will carry each person is sacred, that each person our diplomatic efforts to do that for again. makes a difference, that each choice every country, particularly in that re- Mr. Speaker, I know this task must we make affects others, that an injury gion. be carried out by the United States of to one person is an injury to all, that We should also use the time that we America. We must face this continued justice ought to be international, and would have by going the international threat of terrorism head on, alone, or that vengeance is reserved to the Lord. route to disclose fully to the United with our friends. And this position is It is an America where human rights States the cost of action, if it is nec- no different than our position in the and workers’ rights and environmental essary, in people and in treasuries. As past. As leaders of the free world, we quality principles are within the arc of the senior Senator from Massachusetts have always walked point. Mr. Speak- the human covenant. It is a Nation said, what casualties would there be if er, we must trust our values, protect where each life is given an opportunity we fight in the desert or if we fight our freedom, and let liberty be our to unfold, where all have access to door to door in the city or biological/ guide. This strategy has served us well health care, to higher education, to chemical weapons are used on our over the past 200 years, and I can think jobs, and to a secure retirement; where troops? What will happen with Iraqi ci- of no reason to turn our back on it quality of life matters, where people vilian victims and what are our inten- today. build families, build communities, tions to minimize those victims’ prob- I support the President of the United build an American community of our lems? What about the sacrifice in States, and I support this resolution. dreams; where our highest aspirations

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7341 light the way to a better Nation and to and megalomaniacs should not be free world, led by the United States, to a better world. trusted. dismantle these destructive capabili- The future America is a Nation Saddam Hussein has used weapons of ties. We have before us a resolution which works to sustain life on Earth. It bioterror against his own countrymen. which will authorize, if necessary, the champions protection of the global en- He has committed genocide, killing be- use of America’s military to enforce vironment. It works with all nations to tween 50,000 and 100,000 people in north- the demands of the U.N. Security abolish nuclear weapons, chemical ern Iraq. His regime is responsible for Council. weapons, and biological weapons. It is widespread human rights abuses, in- There is no greater responsibility for a Nation which preserves the heavens cluding imprisonment, executions, tor- us as elected officials than to provide for the restless human soul, and it re- ture and rape. Just in the past 12 years, for the common defense of our fellow jects putting weapons in space because he has invaded Kuwait, he has countrymen. In voting for this resolu- it knows that the kingdom that will launched ballistic missiles at Israel, tion, we send a message to a tyrant come from the stars should bring eter- Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and previously that he should not rest easy; that those nal peace and not war. While some at Iran. who would venture to strike at our Na- voices clamor for war, a future Amer- Following the Gulf War, he arro- tion will encounter consequences. We ica looks for deeper unity of all people gantly defied the international com- send a message to the Iraqi people that worldwide and seeks not empire but munity, violating sanctions and con- the world has not forgotten them and harmony. tinued in the development of weapons their suffering at the hands of a mad- So to you, young America protesting of mass destruction while evading man. We send a message to the world this war, I sing a hymn of praise. Be- international inspectors. His regime community that we are unified as a cause while some may want to send has violated 16 U.N. resolutions devoid Nation; that the President possesses you marching off to fight yesterday’s of consequences. the full faith and backing of this distinguished body; that we are com- wars, you are advancing from the fu- Most ominously, in the wake of the mitted to defending the liberties which ture, reminding us that our Nation has September 11 terrorists’ attacks, Sad- are the very foundation of our Repub- a higher calling, reminding us of an dam has quantifiable links to known lic; and that we are steadfast in our re- America that can be, reminding us that terrorists. Iraq and al Qaeda have had solve in the war on terror. there has to be a better way, reminding high-level contacts stretching back a Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I us to find that better way, joining with decade. yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from We know based on intelligence re- us to make straight the path of democ- Texas (Mr. LAMPSON), the conscience of racy. ports and satellite photos that Saddam the Congress on the issue of finding This is a time for caution as we is acquiring weapons of mass destruc- lost children. would face war; but it is also a cause tion. He possesses stockpiles of biologi- Mr. LAMPSON. Mr. Speaker, I thank for joy, because the same revelry that cal and chemical weapons, and he is ag- the gentleman for yielding me this sounds a battle cry and clangs the tox- gressively seeking nuclear weapons. time. ins of war brings forth legions of others Every weapon he possesses is a viola- Mr. Speaker, we have heard many enlisted in a holy cause to relight the tion of the Gulf War truce. A crazed times over the course of yesterday and lamp of freedom in our own land. So man in possession of these instruments today that this is the most important come forth young and old, prepare for of death is a frightening prospect, in- vote that we will be asked to make in America’s future. deed. our service in Congress. And I, as all Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- Had Saddam possessed nuclear capa- the rest of my colleagues, take it very er, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman bilities at the time of the Gulf War, we seriously. from Virginia (Mr. GOODLATTE), a may not have gone into Kuwait. There is absolutely no doubt in my member of the Committee on the Judi- Should he acquire nuclear capabilities, mind that Saddam Hussein poses a ciary. his aggressions would be virtually unclear danger to the United States and (Mr. GOODLATTE asked and was checked. Deterrence can no longer be to the world and he must be dealt with given permission to revise and extend relied upon. quickly and decisively. his remarks.) President Bush was accurate to char- b 1600 Mr. GOODLATTE. Mr. Speaker, I acterize Saddam as a grave and gath- thank the gentleman for yielding me ering danger. The President challenged It is my hope that this resolution will send a message to Saddam Hussein this time. the U.N., calling into question their that America means business, and in On the eve of potential military ac- relevance should they leave unchecked return we will hear that U.N. inspection abroad, I am reminded of Presi- Saddam’s blatant disregard for their tors will be granted unfettered access dent Reagan’s speech before the British authority. He consulted Congress and to any location deemed necessary with House of Commons when he said, ‘‘If made a case to the American people. no exceptions. history teaches anything, it teaches The President should continue to push I am pleased that the House leader- self-delusion in the face of unpleasant for a U.N. resolution with uncompro- ship listened to the concerns of Mem- facts is folly.’’ Reagan was speaking to mising and immediate requirements bers of both parties and developed a bi- a people who knew well the ravages of for the Iraqi regime, thereby rejecting partisan resolution that does not give war and the terrible price of appease- the tried course of empty diplomacy, blanket approval to the President to ment. fruitless inspections, and failed con- carry this battle across the globe with- Churchill called World War II the un- tainment. out consulting the American people, necessary war. He did not mean that it Americans looked on in horror as the Congress, or our allies. I am also was unnecessary to rise to the occasion events of September 11 unfolded. At the pleased that the President is con- and defeat Nazism, he meant that had end of the day, the skyline of one of tinuing to enlist the support of other we taken early notice of Hitler’s clear- our greatest cities was forever nations and that our action will not be ly stated intentions rather than na- changed; the Pentagon, a symbol of unilateral. ively drifting through the 1930s, a America’s military might, was still The intent of Congress must be clear world war may not have been nec- smoldering; and a previously indistin- that this is not an endorsement of a essary. Weary of conflict, some of the guishable field in western Pennsyl- foreign policy of preemptive strikes, allies adopted a policy of peace at any vania had suddenly and terribly be- but instead a resolution authorizing price, but no peace that a freedom-lov- come an unmarked grave for America’s the President to take specific action ing people could tolerate. newest heroes. against a specific, demonstrated While the circumstances are dif- In the aftermath, Americans have threat, Saddam Hussein. ferent, there are lessons to be drawn been asking questions, some of which Action against Saddam Hussein is from the annals of history. Just be- we may never have satisfying answers not a preemptive strike, it is a re- cause we ignore evil does not mean to. But today we know that a sworn sponse to Saddam Hussein’s blatant at- that it ceases to exist. Appeasement in- enemy is pursuing weapons of mass de- tacks, ranging from firing on our air- vites aggression. Dictators, tyrants struction. It is incumbent upon the craft to the attempted assassination of

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 a former President. Foreign policy is Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 nity to resolve an international issue. not an exact science. What we as Mem- minutes to the gentlewoman from Cali- We should be here, Mr. Speaker, debat- bers of Congress must do is weigh the fornia (Ms. LOFGREN), a member of the ing a resolution because all other ef- evidence and at some point we must Committee on the Judiciary and a forts have failed. Sadly, we are here trust the President, Colin Powell, member of the Committee on Stand- discussing an end result with no end Condoleezza Rice and others in the ad- ards of Official Conduct. game in mind. ministration to use this resolution as a (Ms. LOFGREN asked and was given This resolution is an unwise step for tool, not just as a club. permission to revise and extend her re- America that will in the end weaken After countless hours of briefings, marks.) America. We are at our best when we soul searching and prayer, I am con- Ms. LOFGREN. Mr. Speaker, should are first among allies, standing tall for fident that this is our best course of ac- Congress authorize the President to the free world. Let us be at our best tion. I ask our President that, as I use the Armed Forces of the United when we deal with Iraq. reach across this aisle to support him States to attack Iraq? The President is For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, I will on this resolution, I must express in asking us to pass this resolution now, not vote to authorize the President to the strongest possible terms my dis- but he has not yet made the case for carry out a unilateral and costly appointment with the President’s han- war. ground war against Iraq. dling of our economy. It is a disaster. I cannot support the President’s re- Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield Layoffs are occurring as we speak. The quest that we authorize military force myself such time as I may consume. stock market is in a ditch, and the peo- against Iraq. I make this very difficult Mr. Speaker, first, I would like to ple of the 9th Congressional District of decision for three important reasons: thank the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Texas and in this Nation are concerned The United States is not acting in self- HYDE) for his tremendous leadership in for their family’s future. There is a defense or from an imminent threat bringing this resolution to the floor. In growing concern that the administra- from Iraq, the United States should not addition, I would like to commend tion is asleep at the wheel on domestic be pursuing unilateral action without President Bush for providing coura- issues. international support, and the Presi- geous leadership during this time of This cannot continue. Just as I have dent has not stated an exit strategy. national crisis. reached across the aisle to support the I believe there are times when coun- As America continues to wage a President on foreign policy, I am urg- tries must resort to war, and indeed world war against terrorism, the time ing the President to reach back across international law recognizes the rights has come to weigh the dangers of con- this aisle to help me and my colleagues of nations to defend themselves. I frontation against the risks of inac- address the economic problems facing strongly support our campaign against tion. this Nation, because that, too, poses a terrorism. But are we voting this week A year ago on September 11, the clear and present danger to the United on a case of self-defense? It would cer- United States, our people, and our in- States of America. tainly be self-defense if Iraq supported stitutions were attacked. That day the God bless America and all of the peo- the al Qaeda attack on September 11, war began. I respond to those of my ples of this world. but the evidence of such support is colleagues posing the question: Where Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- lacking. is the imminent threat? Why must we er, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman I have listened to the administration confront Iraq now? I ask simply: How from California (Mr. HORN), a member and met with top officials. I have yet many more innocent Americans must of the Committee on Government Re- to see any credible evidence that Iraq die in order for the threat to be immi- form. Mr. HORN. Mr. Speaker, last night is connected with al Qaeda. The experts nent? We face an enemy that will stop at the gentleman from Wisconsin (Mr. readily admit that there is no real con- nothing to kill Americans, including RYAN) gave a very fine statement on nection. this matter. I can believe that Iraq is a threat to taking their own lives. This enemy In his remarks, the gentleman from the region and to some American inter- could not survive without the state Wisconsin (Mr. RYAN) quoted the book ests overseas, but I do not believe the sponsorship it receives from Saddam ‘‘The Threatening Storm’’ by Kenneth threat is imminent or must be handled Hussein, an oppressive dictator who is Pollack, who served as the Clinton ad- with a unilateral military strike. a sworn enemy of the United States. In ministration’s expert on Iraq. This The President is now choosing a new order to win the war on terror, we must quotation cuts to the very heart of this and dangerous policy, the America effect a regime change in Baghdad. debate by laying out the horrific na- Strikes First Doctrine, when he argues As we consider the resolution before ture of Saddam Hussein. we can attack any time we feel threat- us, we must consider two fundamental It paints a picture that no civilized ened. questions: Does Saddam Hussein have person can find acceptable: the torture I am the mother of a 17-year-old son. the desire to harm the United States of of children, the rape of women, the Maybe that is why I understand when America? And does Saddam Hussein fiendish maiming of opponents, the mothers ask me about Iraq. A life lost have the ability to carry out that ob- gassing of entire Kurdish villages to to save America is a stinging pain that jective? spread terror. will always be with a Gold Star Moth- In answering the first question, we Mr. Speaker, these crimes are well er. But the knowledge that the loss was must be mindful that he has aligned documented. We have eyewitness ac- necessary to protect the home of the his regime with the world’s most unsa- counts, news photographs and video- brave and the land of the free gives vory characters who continue to seek tapes of gas attacks against the Kurd- both comfort and cause. the destruction of freedom and democ- ish villages. We have first-person testi- Is America prepared to sacrifice lives racy around the world. He has openly mony on Saddam Hussein’s reign of when the cause is not to defend Amer- praised the attacks of September 11, terror within Iraq. It is estimated that ica but to start a war unilaterally attempted to assassinate a former U.S. Saddam Hussein has murdered more without a threat? I have not heard the President, and directly ordered acts of than 200,000 of his own countrymen, American people say so. terror against innocent civilians. Our generals and relatives included. We would be having a far different national security requires us to con- Given his record of brutality, there debate had President Bush come to clude that he aims to threaten the should be no question what Saddam Congress leading the world community lives of American citizens. Hussein will do once he obtains nuclear and the United Nations or NATO. As of Saddam Hussein is an oppressive ty- weapons. We must face squarely the this moment, Great Britain is the only rant who, with each passing day, in- true nature of this tyrant. We must act other nation dedicated to military ac- creases his ability to terrorize the to deal with the threat he poses. tion with us in Iraq. When even Canada world with the most destructive weap- Mr. Speaker, I urge all of my col- is not prepared to march by our side, ons known to man. He currently has leagues to vote for this resolution. It is we have cause to pause and reflect. The chemical and biological weapons and is the right thing for America and hu- United States should be leading the actively pursuing a nuclear capability. manity. world, working with the world commu- The accumulation of these weapons is

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7343 transforming Saddam Hussein from a are present; and, in my judgment, the to give up his weapons of mass destruc- regional threat into a global menace. threat is unacceptable. tion without delay. Whether we act to prevent him from Much of what we know, we have The quest for America’s security in acquiring such weapons, or act to pre- known for a long time. We know Sad- the 21st century begins with us. The vent him from using them once he has dam Hussein has developed biological Bible tells us to whom much has been them, action is required. weapons. We know that Saddam has de- given, much is required. Our duty and Although the United States is a veloped chemical weapons. We know our responsibility to future genera- peace-loving Nation, there will never that he has used them in war and tions of Americans leave us no option be peace and security so long as Sad- against helpless civilians, and we know but to act with resolve, with courage, dam Hussein is in power. Effecting a that he is working feverishly to ac- and the will to win. regime change and liberating the peo- quire nuclear weapons. We know he has America is a special place. God has ple of Iraq is the official policy of the launched ballistic missiles at his blessed us beyond measure; and while a United States Government. President neighboring countries of Bahrain, few pursue hatred and destruction and Bush has demonstrated a willingness to Saudi Arabia, Iran and Israel; and he can bring us harm, there are millions pursue peace, yet he must also have continues to develop missiles that can every day who seek to come to this the authority to present Saddam Hus- hit American bases. We know he in- land of promise because we stand for sein with the absolute certainty that vaded Iran in 1980, causing the deaths peace, for justice, and for democracy. the full force of the United States mili- of over 1 million people. Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the distinguished gen- tary is ready to act. b 1615 This resolution gives the President tleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. this necessary authority, and I whole- We know he invaded Kuwait in 1990 GEKAS). heartedly urge its adoption. and ordered the torture and murder of Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Speaker, the value Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of tens of thousands of civilians. We know of this resolution is cast in a way that my time. this man and we know his works. He its failure to be enacted by this Con- Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I has the capability and he has the mo- gress would make havoc reign in the yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from tive to bring great harm to our Nation. House of Representatives. What do I Texas (Mr. TURNER). We have been at war with him for over mean by that? If we should fail to Mr. TURNER. Mr. Speaker, we con- 10 years. His hatred for the United adopt this resolution and some new front in this Chamber today a decision States has no limits, and his cruelty terror strike visits our land and kills of utmost gravity, to authorize the and atrocities committed against his more of our people, God forbid, then we President to use military force if nec- own people, his closest associates, and will be rushing back to this floor. Re- essary to remove the threat of chem- even his family leave no room to doubt member now, if this resolution fails, we ical, biological, and nuclear weapons his murderous nature. will be rushing back to this floor eager from the hands of Saddam Hussein. For 10 years the United Nations Se- to give new powers to the President to To risk the lives of our sons and curity Council passed resolutions to do something about the new terror at- daughters for this cause burdens the open Iraq to weapons inspectors, to dis- tack. That is what the value of this hearts and minds of every Member of arm Saddam, to take away his weapons resolution is. Congress. For the past several weeks, of mass destruction. For 10 years he We are preparing the President, we we have weighed this decision in the has avoided, evaded, and escaped the are preparing the Congress of the balance. People of goodwill have had rules we tried to use to secure the United States, we are preparing the their differences of opinion. We know peace. Saddam Hussein is in material people of the United States, and more that military action by its nature is an breach of international law. vitally we are preparing the Armed assumption of risk, risk to the lives Mr. Speaker, knowing these things to Forces of the United States in a stal- and safety of our military forces, risk be true, to protect our homeland, to wart resolution which outlines the re- of outcome and duration of battle, and take weapons of mass destruction out solve of the United States to prepare risk of economic and political disloca- of the hands of a tyrant, and to uphold for any kind of action that might be re- tions. the rule of law, I support the President quired not just to stabilize the region In spite of these dangers, the greatest in his request for authorization to use in which Iraq lies but also to stabilize danger is to do nothing. The failure to force, if necessary, to accomplish these the entire civilized world with respect act will leave an international outlaw goals in Iraq. Saddam Hussein is an to the threat and fear of terror. undeterred and will sacrifice a freedom international outlaw who is a clear and And so if we forget everything else that President Franklin Roosevelt present danger to our country, and about what the resolution may do, if called fundamental, the freedom from time is not on our side. To meet this we recognize that our national security fear. threat, we will work with the United is the matter that atmospheres across On a clear autumn morning on Sep- Nations, but we will not wait for the every single word of the resolution, tember 11 we were awakened to the re- United Nations. We do not seek war, then we have additional rationale for ality of a new and growing threat to and the best way to avoid it is to be adopting the resolution. The Armed our security. We saw all too vividly clear with our intent and be prepared Forces always look to the Commander how vulnerable our Nation can be to to act. Saddam must have no doubt in Chief for guidance, for leadership, as unconventional warfare. We were about our course. He can disarm or his they will within this case; but they forced to face the stark reality that an days are numbered. also look to see are the people of the international terrorist organization Some have suggested that we adopt a United States, our people, our families, named al Qaeda exists and is dedicated two-step resolution that would assure our neighborhoods at home, are they to the destruction of America and our our allies that we seek U.N. approval; backing us? Are they supporting us? way of life. and if approval is denied, the President This resolution crosses through all the Our time-honored policy of security would seek a second resolution from lines of communication right to the through deterrence backed by our over- this Congress authorizing the use of barracks of our Armed Forces and whelming military superiority is no unilateral force. This could weaken our gives indication to them that the peo- longer sufficient to protect our Nation President’s hand in the effort to secure ple of the United States, the people from a weapon of mass destruction in Security Council support and work they are sworn to serve and for whom the hands of a single terrorist on a sui- contrary to our very interest of secur- they would risk their life and limb that cide mission. ing multilateral cooperation. If the they are behind their actions. Opinions differ on the question of U.N. declined to act and then we had a I remember as a member of the whether Saddam Hussein will engage in subsequent resolution on this floor, we Armed Forces myself in our own com- a terrorist act against our Nation or would be in a position that we all seek pany that the words of the then-Com- place weapons of mass destruction in to avoid; and in addition, a two-step mander in Chief were very important the hands of terrorists, but there is no resolution would detract from the ef- to us as to where and what direction we debate that the motive and the means fort to send a clear message to Saddam should go and whether or not the whole

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7344 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 thing was worth it; it is to the Armed Everyone in this Congress has sworn growing. It is not just that Saddam Forces once they know that this reso- to uphold the Constitution. It was in Hussein has weapons of mass destruc- lution will pass and will guide them, in 1787 that the founders of our country tion, Mr. Speaker. He has used them. the words of the Commander in Chief, gave Congress, not the President, the He used them against Iran. He used in the interest of national security. power and the responsibility of declar- chemical weapons against his country’s Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 ing war and sending American troops own people, the Kurds of northern Iraq. minutes to the gentleman from Texas oversees. The Spratt substitute would And we have to ask ourselves this ques- (Mr. HINOJOSA), member of the Com- require the President to come to Con- tion, Mr. Speaker: Since Saddam Hus- mittee on Education and the Workforce gress and ask for the support through sein has no greater opponent than the and a diligent fighter for Hispanic- an expedited process after it is deter- United States and our people and since serving institutions to increase fund- mined that the United Nations will not he continues to develop more and more ing. act. I think this is the appropriate weapons, where will he use them next? Mr. HINOJOSA. Mr. Speaker, I rise manner in which to conduct such a se- In the aftermath of September 11, today in opposition to House Joint rious endeavor as another war. We need 2001, countless voices asked this ques- Resolution 114, giving authorization for to remind ourselves that we are not tion: Did we do everything we could do military force against Iraq. I am deter- just entering and referring to a con- to prevent this tragedy? To answer mined to convince my colleagues to gressional resolution, we are talking that question in the world that exists pass the substitute amendment that about the potential loss of American today, in a world in which an enemy will be offered by the gentleman from troops and the lives of civilian Iraqis. can inflict damage with an army of South Carolina (Mr. SPRATT). I agree Life is too precious a gift to grant one, we must be willing to change fun- with my colleague that the resolution such broad powers even to our Presi- damentally our security strategy by reported by the Committee on Inter- dent without a thorough discourse with accepting that intervention is a nec- national Relations authorizing the use the United Nations or with the United essary part of protecting our safety. of force against Iraq is an amendment States Congress. I do not question our With the passage of this resolution, and an improvement over the original President’s authority to protect our Mr. Speaker, Saddam Hussein will be House draft; and, yes, I also agree with national security. I am asking that our able to choose his destiny. Either Sad- him that we must limit the broad au- President work through the United Na- dam Hussein’s regime must change the thority it grants to our President. tions and consult Congress prior to en- way it acts or the regime itself must While no one in this House believes gaging in what will become a serious change. that Saddam Hussein should be allowed international conflict. Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield to develop weapons of mass destruc- In closing, over the last few weeks I 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ken- tion, my fellow colleagues should see have talked to many of my constitu- tucky (Mr. LUCAS). the need to encourage the President to ents from all walks of life: farmers, Mr. LUCAS of Kentucky. Mr. Speak- persist in his efforts to obtain Security ranchers, veterans, educators, parents, er, I rise in strong support of the reso- Council approval for any action taken students, doctors, businessmen, and lution before us. This is one of the against Iraq. The President should also businesswomen. I have listened care- most important votes I ever expect to be required to seek a Security Council fully to all of their views and concerns; cast on this House floor, and I make it resolution mandating a new and tough- and as a result, I will vote against after much serious thought and delib- er round of arms inspection. House Joint Resolution 114. I respect- eration. When the Gulf War ended, Iraq fully urge my colleagues to support the The events of the past year have af- agreed to destroy all of its chemical, Spratt amendment. fected every single person in America. biological, and nuclear weapons; and, Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 Our lives will never be the same. The yes, Iraq should be held to that com- minutes to the distinguished gen- terrorists on September 11 tried to mitment. The safety of America and tleman from Mississippi (Mr. WICKER). break the spirit of America, but they the world depends on Iraq’s compliance Mr. WICKER. Mr. Speaker, I thank failed. The spirit of our Nation is un- with the United Nations resolutions. the gentleman for yielding me this breakable and unwaivering. As a Na- Because the Spratt substitute would time. tion, we will work together to fight the call on the United Nations to approve Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of this war on terrorism, to preserve our own the use of force, if necessary, to ensure resolution because it provides an op- lives and the lives of our peace-loving that Iraq meets its obligations to dis- portunity for peace through diplomacy friends all around the world. arm, the United Nations Security while preserving the President’s flexi- Council’s approval of action in Iraq bility to engage the full force of our b 1630 would provide several crucial benefits. military to protect national security. During his address to the United Na- It would encourage all allies to fall in The resolution before us does not pre- tions on September 12, and again on line and support our efforts. It would ordain a path for our President to Tuesday in Cincinnati, the President allow moderate Arab states to use the choose. Rather, this resolution pro- outlined a powerful case as to why pur- council’s approval as a guide to support vides the President with all possible suing regime changes by military our troops’ presence in Iraq, con- options. means, if necessary, in Iraq, is in the sequently enhancing the chances of Enacting the resolution does not vital national interests of America and post-war democracy and economic suc- mean that an attack is imminent. It all freedom-loving people everywhere. I cess in Iraq. If Saddam Hussein’s re- does mean that an escalation of our feel that the President provided a clear gime is toppled, a new government will current military conflict with Iraq is a and compelling case that will lead to have to be formed to revive Iraq’s econ- real possibility. Enacting this resolu- broad international support of our ob- omy and bring together the various tion does not mean that the President jectives. ethnic factions to form a viable gov- will stop pursuing diplomatic and The President told us that Iraq pos- ernment. peaceful means to a solution. It does sesses the physical infrastructure re- Nation-building should be the work mean that there can be consequences quired to build nuclear weapons and of the United Nations, not the U.S. to continued inaction by the Iraqi re- maintains stockpiles of chemical and military. As I have said, U.N. approval gime. Enacting this resolution will biological agents for the purpose of of our efforts would improve our ties show the world, our traditional allies, killing literally thousands of people. with our allies, both European and our potential allies, the Iraqi people, U.N. inspectors have stated that they Arab, and would likely lead to a fledg- and most importantly Saddam Hussein, believe Iraq has produced as much as ling, yet strong, democracy. If the that the United States speaks with one four times the amount of biological United Nations decides not to impose voice in our determination to bring agents it claims to possess and has additional sanctions or to cooperate, peace and stability to the world. failed to account for more than three then America should take unilateral The resolution references the con- metric tons of material that could be action against Iraq within the guide- tinuing threat posed by Iraq. Make no used to produce biological weapons. lines of the Constitution. mistake, this threat is real and it is Along with this threat, Iraq possesses a

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Defense, for the fiscal year ending September 30, be available for the same purposes, and for the Last week, I stood with the President 2003, and for other purposes, namely: same time period, as the appropriation or fund MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, ARMY to which transferred: Provided further, That of and congressional leadership in the the amount appropriated, not to exceed (INCLUDING RESCISSION) White House Rose Garden in support of $50,432,000 shall be available for study, plan- For acquisition, construction, installation, this resolution authorizing the use of ning, design, architect and engineer services, as and equipment of temporary or permanent pub- force against Iraq, and I am proud to authorized by law, unless the Secretary of De- lic works, military installations, facilities, and fense determines that additional obligations are rise to the support of that resolution real property for the Army as currently author- necessary for such purposes and notifies the today. All the while, I fervently hope ized by law, including personnel in the Army Committees on Appropriations of both Houses of and pray that force will not be nec- Corps of Engineers and other personal services Congress of his determination and the reasons essary. However, I strongly believe necessary for the purposes of this appropriation, therefor: Provided further, That of the funds and for construction and operation of facilities that American foreign policy, espe- appropriated for ‘‘Military Construction, De- in support of the functions of the Commander in cially with regard to eradicating weap- fense-wide’’ in previous Military Construction Chief, $1,683,710,000, to remain available until ons of mass destruction and terrorism, Appropriation Acts, $2,976,000 are rescinded. must be a top priority. September 30, 2007: Provided, That of this amount, not to exceed $163,135,000 shall be MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, ARMY NATIONAL Our actions do not come without sac- available for study, planning, design, architect GUARD rifice or consequence; and I want to and engineer services, and host nation support, For construction, acquisition, expansion, re- personally recognize our young men as authorized by law, unless the Secretary of habilitation, and conversion of facilities for the and women, these brave young men and Defense determines that additional obligations training and administration of the Army Na- women who are currently engaged in are necessary for such purposes and notifies the tional Guard, and contributions therefor, as au- the war on terrorism and who may be Committees on Appropriations of both Houses of thorized by chapter 1803 of title 10, United Congress of his determination and the reasons States Code, and Military Construction Author- called to service in Iraq. As a parent, I ization Acts, $241,377,000, to remain available know firsthand the sacrifice that mili- therefor: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated for ‘‘Military Construction, Army’’ until September 30, 2007. tary personnel and their families are in previous Military Construction Appropriation MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, AIR NATIONAL GUARD making. Acts, $49,376,000 are rescinded. For construction, acquisition, expansion, re- I was a pilot in the Air Force, and MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, NAVY habilitation, and conversion of facilities for the nothing made my wife Mary and me training and administration of the Air National (INCLUDING RESCISSION) more proud than our son Lance as he Guard, and contributions therefor, as author- For acquisition, construction, installation, ized by chapter 1803 of title 10, United States served his country as an Air Force and equipment of temporary or permanent pub- Code, and Military Construction Authorization pilot in the Desert Storm conflict. We lic works, naval installations, facilities, and real Acts, $203,813,000, to remain available until Sep- know firsthand what it is like to have property for the Navy as currently authorized tember 30, 2007. a loved one in harm’s way. by law, including personnel in the Naval Facili- However, once again, America is ties Engineering Command and other personal MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, ARMY RESERVE forced to defend herself against forces services necessary for the purposes of this ap- For construction, acquisition, expansion, re- propriation, $1,305,128,000, to remain available habilitation, and conversion of facilities for the that do not respect human life, free- training and administration of the Army Re- dom or the American way. until September 30, 2007: Provided, That of this amount, not to exceed $87,043,000 shall be avail- serve as authorized by chapter 1803 of title 10, We cannot wait until Saddam Hus- able for study, planning, design, architect and United States Code, and Military Construction sein or one of his terrorist allies engineer services, as authorized by law, unless Authorization Acts, $100,554,000, to remain strikes first. We cannot let another the Secretary of Defense determines that addi- available until September 30, 2007. horrific event like September 11 hap- tional obligations are necessary for such pur- MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, NAVAL RESERVE pen again while we stand idly by. poses and notifies the Committees on Appropria- For construction, acquisition, expansion, re- Mr. Speaker, I ask all my colleagues tions of both Houses of Congress of his deter- habilitation, and conversion of facilities for the to join with me in support of this im- mination and the reasons therefor: Provided training and administration of the reserve com- portant resolution. further, That of the funds appropriated for ponents of the Navy and Marine Corps as au- ‘‘Military Construction, Navy’’ in previous Mili- thorized by chapter 1803 of title 10, United f tary Construction Appropriation Acts, $1,340,000 States Code, and Military Construction Author- CONFERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 5011, are rescinded. ization Acts, $74,921,000, to remain available MILITARY CONSTRUCTION AP- MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, AIR FORCE until September 30, 2007. PROPRIATION ACT, 2003 (INCLUDING RESCISSION) MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, AIR FORCE RESERVE For acquisition, construction, installation, For construction, acquisition, expansion, re- Mr. HOBSON submitted the following and equipment of temporary or permanent pub- habilitation, and conversion of facilities for the conference report and statement on the lic works, military installations, facilities, and training and administration of the Air Force Re- bill (H.R. 5011) making appropriations real property for the Air Force as currently au- serve as authorized by chapter 1803 of title 10, for military construction, family hous- thorized by law, $1,080,247,000, to remain avail- United States Code, and Military Construction ing, and base realignment and closure able until September 30, 2007: Provided, That of Authorization Acts, $67,226,000, to remain avail- for the Department of Defense for the this amount, not to exceed $72,283,000 shall be able until September 30, 2007. fiscal year ending September 30, 2003, available for study, planning, design, architect NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION and engineer services, as authorized by law, un- and for other purposes. SECURITY INVESTMENT PROGRAM less the Secretary of Defense determines that ad- For the United States share of the cost of the CONFERENCE REPORT (H. REPT. 107–731) ditional obligations are necessary for such pur- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Security In- The committee of conference on the dis- poses and notifies the Committees on Appropria- vestment Program for the acquisition and con- agreeing votes of the two Houses on the tions of both Houses of Congress of his deter- struction of military facilities and installations amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. mination and the reasons therefor: Provided (including international military headquarters) 5011) ‘‘making appropriations for military further, That of the funds appropriated for and for related expenses for the collective de- construction, family housing, and base re- ‘‘Military Construction, Air Force’’ in previous fense of the North Atlantic Treaty Area as au- alignment and closure for the Department of Military Construction Appropriation Acts, thorized in Military Construction Authorization Defense for the fiscal year ending September $13,281,000 are rescinded. Acts and section 2806 of title 10, United States 30, 2003, and for other purposes,’’ having met, MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, DEFENSE-WIDE Code, $167,200,000, to remain available until ex- after full and free conference, have agreed to (INCLUDING TRANSFER AND RESCISSION OF FUNDS) pended. recommend and do recommend to their re- For acquisition, construction, installation, FAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, ARMY spective Houses as follows: and equipment of temporary or permanent pub- (INCLUDING RESCISSION) That the House recede from its disagree- lic works, installations, facilities, and real prop- For expenses of family housing for the Army ment to the amendment of the Senate, and erty for activities and agencies of the Depart- for construction, including acquisition, replace- agree to the same with an amendment, as ment of Defense (other than the military department, addition, expansion, extension and alter- follows: ments), as currently authorized by law, ation, as authorized by law, $280,356,000, to re- In lieu of the matter stricken and inserted $874,645,000, to remain available until September main available until September 30, 2007: Pro- by said amendment, insert: 30, 2007: Provided, That such amounts of this vided, That of the funds appropriated for ‘‘Fam- That the following sums are appropriated, out appropriation as may be determined by the Sec- ily Housing Construction, Army’’ in previous of any money in the Treasury not otherwise ap- retary of Defense may be transferred to such ap- Military Construction Appropriation Acts, propriated for military construction, family propriations of the Department of Defense avail- $4,920,000 are rescinded.

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FAMILY HOUSING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, specific approval in writing of the Secretary of SEC. 113. The Secretary of Defense is to inform ARMY Defense setting forth the reasons therefor. the appropriate committees of Congress, includ- For expenses of family housing for the Army SEC. 102. Funds appropriated to the Depart- ing the Committees on Appropriations, of the for operation and maintenance, including debt ment of Defense for construction shall be avail- plans and scope of any proposed military exer- payment, leasing, minor construction, principal able for hire of passenger motor vehicles. cise involving United States personnel 30 days SEC. 103. Funds appropriated to the Depart- and interest charges, and insurance premiums, prior to its occurring, if amounts expended for ment of Defense for construction may be used as authorized by law, $1,106,007,000. construction, either temporary or permanent, for advances to the Federal Highway Adminis- are anticipated to exceed $100,000. FAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, NAVY AND tration, Department of Transportation, for the SEC. 114. Not more than 20 percent of the ap- MARINE CORPS construction of access roads as authorized by propriations in Military Construction Appro- (INCLUDING RESCISSION) section 210 of title 23, United States Code, when priations Acts which are limited for obligation For expenses of family housing for the Navy projects authorized therein are certified as im- during the current fiscal year shall be obligated and Marine Corps for construction, including portant to the national defense by the Secretary during the last 2 months of the fiscal year. acquisition, replacement, addition, expansion, of Defense. (TRANSFER OF FUNDS) extension and alteration, as authorized by law, SEC. 104. None of the funds appropriated in SEC. 115. Funds appropriated to the Depart- $376,468,000, to remain available until September this Act may be used to begin construction of ment of Defense for construction in prior years 30, 2007: Provided, That of the funds appro- new bases inside the continental United States shall be available for construction authorized priated for ‘‘Family Housing Construction, for which specific appropriations have not been for each such military department by the au- Navy and Marine Corps’’ in previous Military made. thorizations enacted into law during the current Construction Appropriation Acts, $2,652,000 are SEC. 105. No part of the funds provided in session of Congress. rescinded. Military Construction Appropriations Acts shall SEC. 116. For military construction or family be used for purchase of land or land easements AMILY HOUSING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, housing projects that are being completed with F in excess of 100 percent of the value as deter- NAVY AND MARINE CORPS funds otherwise expired or lapsed for obligation, mined by the Army Corps of Engineers or the expired or lapsed funds may be used to pay the For expenses of family housing for the Navy Naval Facilities Engineering Command, except: cost of associated supervision, inspection, over- and Marine Corps for operation and mainte- (1) where there is a determination of value by a head, engineering and design on those projects nance, including debt payment, leasing, minor Federal court; (2) purchases negotiated by the and on subsequent claims, if any. construction, principal and interest charges, Attorney General or his designee; (3) where the SEC. 117. Notwithstanding any other provision and insurance premiums, as authorized by law, estimated value is less than $25,000; or (4) as of law, any funds appropriated to a military de- $861,788,000. otherwise determined by the Secretary of De- partment or defense agency for the construction FAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, AIR FORCE fense to be in the public interest. of military projects may be obligated for a mili- SEC. 106. None of the funds appropriated in (INCLUDING RESCISSION) tary construction project or contract, or for any Military Construction Appropriations Acts shall For expenses of family housing for the Air portion of such a project or contract, at any be used to: (1) acquire land; (2) provide for site Force for construction, including acquisition, time before the end of the fourth fiscal year preparation; or (3) install utilities for any fam- replacement, addition, expansion, extension and after the fiscal year for which funds for such ily housing, except housing for which funds alteration, as authorized by law, $684,824,000, to project were appropriated if the funds obligated have been made available in annual Military for such project: (1) are obligated from funds remain available until September 30, 2007: Pro- Construction Appropriations Acts. vided, That of the funds appropriated for ‘‘Fam- available for military construction projects; and SEC. 107. None of the funds appropriated in (2) do not exceed the amount appropriated for ily Housing Construction, Air Force’’ in pre- Military Construction Appropriations Acts for vious Military Construction Appropriation Acts, such project, plus any amount by which the cost minor construction may be used to transfer or of such project is increased pursuant to law. $8,782,000 are rescinded. relocate any activity from one base or installa- (TRANSFER OF FUNDS) FAMILY HOUSING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, tion to another, without prior notification to the SEC. 118. During the 5-year period after ap- AIR FORCE Committees on Appropriations. propriations available to the Department of De- For expenses of family housing for the Air SEC. 108. No part of the funds appropriated in Military Construction Appropriations Acts may fense for military construction and family hous- Force for operation and maintenance, including ing operation and maintenance and construc- debt payment, leasing, minor construction, prin- be used for the procurement of steel for any construction project or activity for which American tion have expired for obligation, upon a deter- cipal and interest charges, and insurance pre- mination that such appropriations will not be miums, as authorized by law, $863,050,000. steel producers, fabricators, and manufacturers have been denied the opportunity to compete for necessary for the liquidation of obligations or FAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, DEFENSE-WIDE such steel procurement. for making authorized adjustments to such ap- For expenses of family housing for the activi- SEC. 109. None of the funds available to the propriations for obligations incurred during the ties and agencies of the Department of Defense Department of Defense for military construction period of availability of such appropriations, (other than the military departments) for con- or family housing during the current fiscal year unobligated balances of such appropriations struction, including acquisition, replacement, may be used to pay real property taxes in any may be transferred into the appropriation ‘‘For- addition, expansion, extension and alteration, foreign nation. eign Currency Fluctuations, Construction, De- as authorized by law, $5,480,000, to remain SEC. 110. None of the funds appropriated in fense’’ to be merged with and to be available for available until September 30, 2007. Military Construction Appropriations Acts may the same time period and for the same purposes FAMILY HOUSING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, be used to initiate a new installation overseas as the appropriation to which transferred. SEC. 119. The Secretary of Defense is to pro- DEFENSE-WIDE without prior notification to the Committees on Appropriations. vide the Committees on Appropriations of the For expenses of family housing for the activi- SEC. 111. None of the funds appropriated in Senate and the House of Representatives with ties and agencies of the Department of Defense Military Construction Appropriations Acts may an annual report by February 15, containing (other than the military departments) for oper- be obligated for architect and engineer contracts details of the specific actions proposed to be ation and maintenance, leasing, and minor con- estimated by the Government to exceed $500,000 taken by the Department of Defense during the struction, as authorized by law, $42,395,000. for projects to be accomplished in Japan, in any current fiscal year to encourage other member DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FAMILY HOUSING NATO member country, or in countries bor- nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- IMPROVEMENT FUND dering the Arabian Sea, unless such contracts tion, Japan, Korea, and United States allies bor- For the Department of Defense Family Hous- are awarded to United States firms or United dering the Arabian Sea to assume a greater ing Improvement Fund, $2,000,000, to remain States firms in joint venture with host nation share of the common defense burden of such na- available until expended, for family housing ini- firms. tions and the United States. tiatives undertaken pursuant to section 2883 of SEC. 112. None of the funds appropriated in (TRANSFER OF FUNDS) title 10, United States Code, providing alter- Military Construction Appropriations Acts for SEC. 120. During the current fiscal year, in native means of acquiring and improving mili- military construction in the United States terri- addition to any other transfer authority avail- tary family housing, and supporting facilities. tories and possessions in the Pacific and on able to the Department of Defense, proceeds de- BASE REALIGNMENT AND CLOSURE ACCOUNT Kwajalein Atoll, or in countries bordering the posited to the Department of Defense Base Clo- Arabian Sea, may be used to award any con- sure Account established by section 207(a)(1) of For deposit into the Department of Defense tract estimated by the Government to exceed the Defense Authorization Amendments and Base Closure Account 1990 established by sec- $1,000,000 to a foreign contractor: Provided, Base Closure and Realignment Act (Public Law tion 2906(a)(1) of the Department of Defense Au- That this section shall not be applicable to con- 100–526) pursuant to section 207(a)(2)(C) of such thorization Act, 1991 (Public Law 101–510), tract awards for which the lowest responsive Act, may be transferred to the account estab- $561,138,000, to remain available until expended. and responsible bid of a United States con- lished by section 2906(a)(1) of the Department of GENERAL PROVISIONS tractor exceeds the lowest responsive and re- Defense Authorization Act, 1991, to be merged SEC. 101. None of the funds appropriated in sponsible bid of a foreign contractor by greater with, and to be available for the same purposes Military Construction Appropriations Acts shall than 20 percent: Provided further, That this sec- and the same time period as that account. be expended for payments under a cost-plus-a- tion shall not apply to contract awards for mili- SEC. 121. (a) No funds appropriated pursuant fixed-fee contract for construction, where cost tary construction on Kwajalein Atoll for which to this Act may be expended by an entity unless estimates exceed $25,000, to be performed within the lowest responsive and responsible bid is sub- the entity agrees that in expending the assist- the United States, except Alaska, without the mitted by a Marshallese contractor. ance the entity will comply with sections 2

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through 4 of the Act of March 3, 1933 (41 U.S.C. with the Homeowners Assistance Program. Any JOHN W. OLVER, 10a–10c, popularly known as the ‘‘Buy Amer- amounts transferred shall be merged with and CHET EDWARDS, ican Act’’). be available for the same purposes and for the SAM FARR, (b) No funds made available under this Act same time period as the fund to which trans- ALLEN BOYD, shall be made available to any person or entity ferred. NORMAN D. DICKS, who has been convicted of violating the Act of SEC. 127. Notwithstanding this or any other DAVID R. OBEY, March 3, 1933 (41 U.S.C. 10a–10c, popularly provision of law, funds appropriated in Military Managers on the Part of the House. known as the ‘‘Buy American Act’’). Construction Appropriations Acts for operations DIANNE FEINSTEIN, SEC. 122. (a) In the case of any equipment or and maintenance of family housing shall be the DANIEL K. INOUYE, products that may be authorized to be pur- exclusive source of funds for repair and mainte- TIM JOHNSON, chased with financial assistance provided under nance of all family housing units, including MARY L. LANDRIEU, this Act, it is the sense of the Congress that en- general or flag officer quarters: Provided, That HARRY REID, tities receiving such assistance should, in ex- not more than $35,000 per unit may be spent an- ROBERT C. BYRD, pending the assistance, purchase only Amer- nually for the maintenance and repair of any KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, ican-made equipment and products. general or flag officer quarters without 30 days CONRAD BURNS, (b) In providing financial assistance under advance prior notification to the appropriate LARRY CRAIG, this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall committees of Congress, except that an after- MIKE DEWINE, provide to each recipient of the assistance a no- the-fact notification shall be submitted if the TED STEVENS, tice describing the statement made in subsection limitation is exceeded solely due to costs associ- Managers on the Part of the Senate. (a) by the Congress. ated with environmental remediation that could (TRANSFER OF FUNDS) not be reasonably anticipated at the time of the JOINT EXPLANATORY STATEMENT OF THE COMMITTEE OF CONFERENCE SEC. 123. Subject to 30 days prior notification budget submission: Provided further, That the to the Committees on Appropriations, such addi- Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) is to The managers on the part of the House and tional amounts as may be determined by the report annually to the Committees on Appro- the Senate at the conference on the dis- Secretary of Defense may be transferred to the priations all operations and maintenance ex- agreeing votes of the two Houses on the Department of Defense Family Housing Im- penditures for each individual general or flag amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. provement Fund from amounts appropriated for officer quarters for the prior fiscal year. 5011) making appropriations for the Depart- construction in ‘‘Family Housing’’ accounts, to SEC. 128. Notwithstanding any other provision ment of Defense for the fiscal year ending be merged with and to be available for the same of law, the Secretary of the Navy is authorized September 30, 2003, and for other purposes, purposes and for the same period of time as to use funds received pursuant to section 2601 of submit the following joint statement to the amounts appropriated directly to the Fund: Pro- title 10, United States Code, for the construc- House of Representatives and the Senate in vided, That appropriations made available to tion, improvement, repair, and maintenance of explanation of the effect of the action agreed the Fund shall be available to cover the costs, as the historic residences located at Marine Corps upon by the managers and recommended in defined in section 502(5) of the Congressional Barracks, 8th and I Streets, Washington, D.C.: the accompanying conference report. Budget Act of 1974, of direct loans or loan guar- Provided, That the Secretary notifies the appro- The Senate deleted the entire House bill antees issued by the Department of Defense pur- priate committees of Congress 30 days in ad- after the enacting clause and inserted the suant to the provisions of subchapter IV of vance of the intended use of such funds: Pro- Senate bill (S. 2709). The conference agree- chapter 169, title 10, United States Code, per- vided further, That this section remains effec- ment includes a revised bill. taining to alternative means of acquiring and tive until September 30, 2004. ITEMS OF GENERAL INTEREST improving military family housing and sup- SEC. 129. None of the funds made available in Matters Addressed by Only One Committee.— porting facilities. this Act may be transferred to any department, The language and allocations set forth in SEC. 124. None of the funds appropriated or agency, or instrumentality of the United States House Report 107–533 and Senate Report 107– made available by this Act may be obligated for Government, except pursuant to a transfer made 202 should be complied with unless specifi- Partnership for Peace Programs in the New by, or transfer authority provided in, this Act or cally addressed to the contrary in the con- Independent States of the former Soviet Union. any other appropriation Act. ference report and statement of the man- SEC. 125. (a) Not later than 60 days before SEC. 130. Amounts appropriated for a military agers. Report language included by the issuing any solicitation for a contract with the construction project at Camp Kyle, Korea, relat- House which is not changed by the report of private sector for military family housing the ing to construction of a physical fitness center, the Senate or the conference, and Senate re- Secretary of the military department concerned as authorized by section 8160 of the Department port language which is not changed by the shall submit to the congressional defense com- of Defense Appropriations Act, 2000 (Public Law conference is approved by the committee of mittees the notice described in subsection (b). 106–79; 113 Stat. 1274), shall be available instead conference. The statement of the managers, (b)(1) A notice referred to in subsection (a) is for a similar project at Camp Bonifas, Korea. while repeating some report language for a notice of any guarantee (including the making SEC. 131. (a) REQUESTS FOR FUNDS FOR ENVI- emphasis, does not intend to negate the lan- of mortgage or rental payments) proposed to be RONMENTAL RESTORATION AT BRAC SITES IN FU- guage referred to above unless expressly pro- made by the Secretary to the private party TURE FISCAL YEARS.—In the budget justification vided herein. In cases where the House or the under the contract involved in the event of— materials submitted to Congress in support of Senate have directed the submission of a re- (A) the closure or realignment of the installa- the Department of Defense budget for any fiscal port from the Department of Defense, such tion for which housing is provided under the year after fiscal year 2003, the amount requested report is to be submitted to both House and contract; for environmental restoration, waste manage- Senate Committees on Appropriations. (B) a reduction in force of units stationed at ment, and environmental compliance activities Foreign Currency Fluctuation Savings.—The such installation; or in such fiscal year with respect to military in- conference agreement rescinds funds from (C) the extended deployment overseas of units stallations approved for closure or realignment the following accounts in the specified stationed at such installation. under the base closure laws shall accurately re- amounts to reflect savings from favorable (2) Each notice under this subsection shall flect the anticipated cost of such activities in foreign currency fluctuations: specify the nature of the guarantee involved such fiscal year. (b) BASE CLOSURE LAWS DEFINED.—In this Account Amount and assess the extent and likelihood, if any, of Military Construction, the liability of the Federal Government with re- section, the term ‘‘base closure laws’’ means the following: Army ...... $13,676,000 spect to the guarantee. Military Construction, (c) In this section, the term ‘‘congressional de- (1) Section 2687 of title 10, United States Code. (2) The Defense Base Closure and Realign- Navy ...... 1,340,000 fense committees’’ means the following: Military Construction, Air ment Act of 1990 (part A of title XXIX of Public (1) The Committee on Armed Services and the Force ...... 10,281,000 Law 101–510; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note). Military Construction Subcommittee, Committee Military Construction, De- (3) Title II of the Defense Authorization on Appropriations of the Senate. fense-wide ...... 2,976,000 (2) The Committee on Armed Services and the Amendments and Base Closure and Realignment Family Housing Construc- Military Construction Subcommittee, Committee Act (Public Law 100–526; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note). tion, Army ...... 4,920,000 on Appropriations of the House of Representa- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Military Con- Family Housing Construc- tives. struction Appropriation Act, 2003’’. tion, Navy and Marine (TRANSFER OF FUNDS) And the Senate agree to the same. Corps ...... 2,652,000 SEC. 126. During the current fiscal year, in DAVID L. HOBSON, Family Housing Construc- addition to any other transfer authority avail- JAMES T. WALSH, tion, Air Force ...... 8,782,000 able to the Department of Defense, amounts DAN MILLER, Total ...... 44,627,000 may be transferred from the account established ROBERT ADERHOLT, by section 2906(a)(1) of the Department of De- KAY GRANGER, Revised Economic Assumptions.—The con- fense Authorization Act, 1991, to the fund estab- VIRGIL H. GOODE, Jr., ference agreement includes reductions total- lished by section 1013(d) of the Demonstration JOE SKEEN, ing $57,000,000, which result from the Office Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966 DAVID VITTER, of Management and Budget’s (OMB’s) re-esti- (42 U.S.C. 3374) to pay for expenses associated C.W. BILL YOUNG, mation of inflation in its mid-session review

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7348 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 of the budget request. The conferees direct Family Housing Operation and Maintenance: New Mexico—White Sands Missile Range: An- the Department to distribute these reduc- Financial Management.—The conferees agree echoic Chamber.—Of the additional funds tions proportionally against each project and to continue the restriction on the transfer of provided for planning and design in this ac- activity in each account as follows: funds between the family housing operation count, the conferees direct that not less than and maintenance accounts. The limitation is $1,000,000 be made available for the planning Account Amount ten percent to all primary accounts and sub- and design of this facility. Military Construction, accounts. Such transfers are to be reported Puerto Rico—Fort Buchanan: Rescission of Army ...... $8,000,000 to the appropriate Committees within thirty Funds.—The conferees agree to rescind Military Construction, $30,700,000 from unobligated balances in this Navy ...... 5,000,000 days of such action. Erosion Study.—The conferees direct the account. The National Defense Authoriza- Military Construction, Air General Accounting Office to conduct a tion Act, 2001 (Public Law 106–398) estab- Force ...... 5,000,000 study of Alaska Native villages affected by lished a construction moratorium in Puerto Military Construction, De- Rico due to concern over long-term sta- fense-wide ...... 3,000,000 flooding and erosion including but not limited to Kaktovik, Barrow, Point Hope, tioning requirements. This moratorium halt- Military Construction, ed three previously appropriated construc- Army National Guard ..... 1,000,000 Kivalina, Unalakleet, and Bethel. The General Accounting Office should con- tion projects totaling $30,700,000 at Fort Bu- NATO Security Investment sult with the following agencies: (a) the Sec- chanan in Puerto Rico. As a result of the re- Program ...... 1,000,000 retary of the Army to determine: (1) which cent decision to relocate the headquarters of Family Housing Construc- U.S. Army South from Fort Buchanan to tion, Army ...... 2,000,000 villages can reasonably be protected through construction of seawalls, rip rap, and other Fort Sam Houston, Texas, these projects are Family Housing Operation no longer needed and the conferees agree to and Maintenance, Army 8,000,000 engineered structures and at what cost, and; (2) which villages cannot reasonably be pro- rescind the funds. Family Housing Construc- Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) Initia- tected and will be required to relocate; (b) tion, Navy and Marine tive.—The conference agreement includes Corps ...... 3,000,000 the Secretary of the Interior to identify pos- $25,000,000 above the budget request to assist Family Housing Operation sible relocation sites including federal lands in the Army’s transformation effort. The and Maintenance, Navy and existing villages; (c) the Secretary of Senate proposed $100,000,000 for this initia- and Marine Corps ...... 6,000,000 Housing and Urban Development to deter- tive. The House did not include a similar Family Housing Construc- mine the cost of constructing housing and proposal. This funding is to support infra- tion, Air Force ...... 5,000,000 water and sewer systems in relocated vil- structure requirements relating to fielding Family Housing Operation lages; (d) the Secretary of Health and Human of the Stryker Brigade Combat Teams and Maintenance, Air Services to determine the cost of con- (SBCTs). It is the intent of the conferees Force ...... 6,000,000 structing health facilities in relocated vil- that the Army has the discretion to deter- Base Realignment and Clo- lages; (e) the Secretary of Agriculture to de- mine how these funds will be allocated in sure ...... 4,000,000 termine the cost of constructing power sys- support of transformation, subject to notifi- tems in relocated villages; and (f) the Sec- cation to the congressional defense commit- Total ...... 57,000,000 retary of Transportation to determine the tees 15 days prior to the obligation of these cost of constructing airports, roads, and United States Army South.—In the state- funds. dock facilities in relocated villages. This re- ment of the managers accompanying the Fis- MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, NAVY port should be submitted to the House and cal Year 2002 Department of Defense Appro- Senate Committees on Appropriations no (INCLUDING RESCISSION) priations Act (Public Law 107–117), the con- later than October 1, 2003. The conference agreement appropriates ferees directed the Department of the Army $1,305,128,000 for Military Construction, MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, ARMY to provide information to the House and Sen- Navy, instead of $1,245,765,000 as proposed by ate Committees on Appropriations by Feb- (INCLUDING RESCISSION) the House and $1,216,643,000 as proposed by ruary 28, 2002, regarding the relocation of the The conference agreement appropriates the Senate. This amount reflects $5,000,000 in headquarters of U.S. Army South. The Army $1,683,710,000 for Military Construction, savings that result from the re-estimation of failed to comply with this direction for sev- Army, instead of $1,514,557,000 as proposed by inflation. Within this amount, the con- eral reasons, some of which were not within the House and $1,679,212,000 as proposed by ference agreement earmarks $87,043,000 for its control. Nonetheless, the conferees re- the Senate. This amount reflects $8,000,000 in study, planning, design, architect and engi- mind the Department of the Army that it ex- savings that result from the re-estimation of neer services instead of $94,825,000 as pro- pects compliance with specific direction in- inflation. Within this amount, the con- posed by the House and $91,620,000 as pro- cluded in committee reports. If the Army is ference agreement earmarks $163,135,000 for posed by the Senate. The conference agree- unable to comply with that direction or study, planning, design, architect and engi- ment rescinds $1,340,000 from funds provided changes the manner in which the direction is neer services, and host nation support in- to this account in previous Military Con- to be implemented, the committees should stead of $158,664,000 as proposed by the House struction Appropriation Acts to reflect sav- be given the courtesy of an explanation. and $136,835,000 as proposed by the Senate. ings from favorable foreign currency fluctua- Sustainment, Restoration, and Modernization: The conference agreement rescinds tions as proposed by the Senate. The House Reporting Requirement.—The conferees agree $49,376,000 from funds provided to this ac- bill proposed rescinding these funds in sec- to the following general rules for repairing a count in previous Military Construction Ap- tion 128 of the General Provisions. facility under operation and maintenance propriation Acts. The rescission includes MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, AIR FORCE funding: $13,676,000 to reflect savings from favorable (INCLUDING RESCISSION) Components of the facility may be repaired foreign currency fluctuations as proposed by The conference agreement appropriates by replacement, and such replacement can be the Senate. The House bill proposed rescind- $1,080,247,000 for Military Construction, Air up to current standards or code; ing these savings in section 128 of the Gen- Force, instead of $964,302,000 as proposed by Interior arrangements and restorations eral Provisions. In addition, the rescission the House and $1,175,617,000 as proposed by may be included as repair, but additions, new includes $5,000,000 from a project that is no the Senate. This amount reflects $5,000,000 in facilities, and functional conversions must longer needed at Fort Bliss in Texas as pro- savings that result from the re-estimation of be performed as military construction posed by the House, and $30,700,000 from inflation. Within this amount, the con- projects; three projects that are no longer needed at ference agreement earmarks $72,283,000 for Such projects may be done concurrent with Fort Buchanan in Puerto Rico. study, planning, design, architect and engi- repair projects, as long as the final conjunc- Kansas—Fort Leavenworth: U.S. Disciplinary neer services instead of $78,951,000 as pro- tively funded project is a complete and usa- Barracks.—The conferees are concerned that posed by the House and $87,555,000 as pro- ble facility; and the Department of the Army is planning to posed by the Senate. The conference agree- The appropriate Service Secretary shall relinquish its current mission of confining ment rescinds $13,281,000 from funds provided notify the appropriate Committees 21 days level III military inmates convicted under to this account in previous Military Con- prior to carrying out any repair project with the Uniformed Code of Military Justice by struction Appropriation Acts. The rescission an estimated cost in excess of $7,500,000. transferring the mission to the Bureau of includes $10,281,000 to reflect savings from fa- In future budget requests, the Department Prisons. This decision appears to have been vorable foreign currency fluctuations as pro- is directed to provide the sustainment, res- made despite the Army’s recent completion posed by the Senate. The House bill proposed toration, and modernization backlog at all of the new maximum security U.S. Discipli- rescinding these savings in section 128 of the installations for which there is a requested nary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. General Provisions. In addition, the rescis- construction project. This information is to The conferees direct the Army to submit a sion includes $3,000,000 from funds appro- be provided on the form 1390. In addition, for report to the congressional defense commit- priated in Public Law 107–64 for the civil en- all troop housing requests, the form 1391 is to tees no later than December 15, 2002, on the gineer maintenance complex at Osan Air show all sustainment, restoration, and mod- rationale for this proposal as well as the im- Base in Korea. The Defense Department has ernization conducted in the past two years pact a policy change will have on the oper- informed Congress that this project was can- and future requirements for such housing at ation of the new U.S. Disciplinary Barracks celed due to the U.S.-Korea Land Partner- the installation. at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. ship Plan signed on March 29, 2002.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7349 Air Mobility Modernization Program.—The chemical agents and urge the Department of National Guard, instead of $119,613,000 as pro- conference agreement includes $25,000,000 Defense to execute it as quickly as possible. posed by the House and $217,988,000 as pro- above the budget request to assist in the Air The chemicals stored at these sites create posed by the Senate. Force’s mobility modernization program. health and environmental hazards. Massachusetts—Otis Air National Guard The Senate proposed $100,000,000 for this ini- As a result of revisions to accelerate the Base: Fire Crash Rescue Station/Control tiative. The House did not include a similar chemical demilitarization program, several Tower.—The conferees agree this project proposal. This funding is to support infra- military construction projects at Aberdeen should be executed with funds made avail- structure requirements related to the imple- Proving Ground have been terminated, leav- able for planning and design in this account mentation of this program. It is the intent of ing partially-completed structures. The con- as proposed by the House rather than with the conferees that the Air Force has the dis- ferees support the Department of the Army funds in the ‘‘Military Construction, Air cretion to determine how these funds will be efforts to redesign and complete these par- Force’’ account, as proposed by the Senate. allocated in support of transformation, sub- tially-constructed buildings to meet other Minnesota—Duluth International Airport: ject to notification to the congressional de- military construction needs. The conferees Aircraft Maintenance Complex and Shops, fense committees 15 days prior to the obliga- urge the Department of Defense to reach Phase II.—The conferees were unable to fully tion of these funds. firm decisions on the re-use of these build- fund the final phases of this project due to Arizona—Luke Air Force Base: Land Acqui- ings without further delay. The Department funding constraints. Mindful of the impor- sition.—The conferees agree to provide is directed to submit a report to the congres- tance of the facility, the conferees strongly $13,000,000 to be used for a land acquisition to sional defense committees no later than De- urge the Air National Guard to provide full preserve access to the Barry M. Goldwater cember 31, 2002, on plans for re-use of exist- funding to complete the project in its fiscal Range (BMGR), to prevent incompatible land ing and partially-constructed chemical de- year 2004 budget submission. uses and encroachment, and to increase the militarization buildings at Aberdeen Proving Ohio—Toledo Express Airport: Replace Logis- margin of safety in the Live Ordnance Depar- Ground that are not needed as a result of the tics Complex.—Of the funds provided for plan- ture Area (LODA) southwest of Luke Air accelerated program. The conferees encour- ning and design in this account, the con- Force Base. age the use of available funds to complete ferees direct that not less than $472,000 be North Dakota—Minot Air Force Base: Cruise planning and design for re-use of the par- made available for the design of this facility. Missile Storage Facility, Phase I.—Although tially-constructed buildings during fiscal MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, ARMY RESERVE the conferees were able to fund only Phase I year 2003, and urge the Department to in- The conference agreement appropriates of this project due to funding constraints, clude the redesigned projects in the fiscal $100,554,000 for Military Construction, Army the conferees recognize the importance of year 2004 budget submission. this facility and strongly urge the Air Force In addition, the conferees agree to delete Reserve, instead of $99,059,000 as proposed by to include full funding to complete the language proposed by the House and not in- the House and $66,487,000 as proposed by the project in its fiscal year 2004 budget submis- cluded by the Senate, that makes $84,400,000 Senate. sion. contingent upon the program meeting mile- MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, NAVAL RESERVE MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, DEFENSE-WIDE stones agreed upon by the Secretary of De- The conference agreement appropriates (INCLUDING TRANSFER AND RESCISSION OF fense and the Office of Management and $74,921,000 for Military Construction, Naval FUNDS) Budget. This language is not necessary and Reserve, instead of $75,821,000 as proposed by potentially could cause Chemical Weapons The conference agreement appropriates the House and $58,671,000 as proposed by the Convention Treaty compliance issues. Senate. $874,645,000 for Military Construction, De- Energy Conservation Improvement Program.— MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, AIR FORCE RESERVE fense-wide, instead of $901,066,000 as proposed The conferees agree to reduce this program by the House and $927,242,000 as proposed by by $15,000,000 due to substantial prior year The conference agreement appropriates the Senate. This amount reflects $3,000,000 in unobligated balances. $67,226,000 for Military Construction, Air savings that result from the re-estimation of Texas—Kingsville Naval Air Station: Replace Force Reserve, instead of $75,276,000 as pro- inflation. Within this amount, the con- Fuel Farm.—The conferees agree this project posed by the House and $58,209,000 as pro- ference agreement earmarks $50,432,000 for should be executed with funds made avail- posed by the Senate. study, planning, design, architect and engi- able for planning and design in this account NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION neer services instead of $45,432,000 as pro- rather than with funds in the ‘‘Military Con- SECURITY INVESTMENT PROGRAM posed by the House and $57,789,000 as pro- struction, Navy’’ account, as proposed by the Due to savings that result from the re-esti- posed by the Senate. The conference agree- Senate. ment rescinds $2,976,000 from funds provided mation of inflation, the conferees agree to MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, ARMY NATIONAL to this account in previous Military Con- reduce this appropriation from $168,200,000 to GUARD struction Appropriation Acts to reflect sav- $167,200,000. ings from favorable foreign currency fluctua- The conference agreement appropriates The conferees agree to clarify Senate re- tions as proposed by the Senate. The House $241,377,000 for Military Construction, Army port language directing the Department to bill proposed rescinding these funds in sec- National Guard, instead of $159,672,000 as pro- identify the level of funding anticipated for tion 128 of the General Provisions. posed by the House and $208,482,000 as pro- NATO enlargement and Partnership for California—Presidio of Monterey: Medical posed by the Senate. This amount reflects Peace. This report should be provided to the Clinic Expansion.—The conferees are aware $1,000,000 in savings that result from the re- Committees on Appropriations no later than that the current medical clinic located at estimation of inflation. June 15, 2003. the Presidio of Monterey, which serves both Indiana—Gary: Army Aviation Support Facil- FAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, ARMY ity and Readiness Center.—In response to the the Defense Language Institute and the (INCLUDING RESCISSION) Naval Postgraduate School, must annually additional needs of homeland security and the protection of metropolitan areas, the The conference agreement appropriates turn away 10,000 active duty family members $280,356,000 for Family Housing Construction, and a large retiree population of 20,000 be- conferees encourage the Army National Guard to include this project in its fiscal Army, instead of $283,346,000 as proposed by cause of insufficient clinic space for primary the House and $282,856,000 as proposed by the care and selected specialty care. This situa- year 2004 budget submission. Iowa—Waterloo: Readiness Center Addition.— Senate. This amount reflects $2,000,000 in tion is further exacerbated by the increased savings that result from the re-estimation of student enrollment at the Defense Language Of the funds provided for unspecified minor inflation. The conference agreement rescinds Institute to meet the language training de- construction in this account, the conferees $4,920,000 from funds provided to this account mands of Operation Enduring Freedom. urge the Army National Guard to provide in previous Military Construction Appropria- Therefore, the conferees encourage the De- $1,388,400 for an addition to the Readiness tion Acts to reflect savings from favorable partment to make this project a priority and Center at Waterloo, Iowa. foreign currency fluctuations as proposed by program the requirement within the Future Mississippi—Tupelo: Army Aviation Support the Senate. The House bill proposed rescind- Years Defense Plan. Facility.—Of the amount provided for plan- ing these funds in section 128 of the General Chemical Demilitarization.—The conference ning and design in this account, the con- Provisions. agreement reduces the budget request for the ferees direct that not less than $891,000 be Germany-Stuttgart: General Officer Quar- Ammunition Demilitarization Facility made available to design this facility instead ters.—In light of the symbolic importance of (Phase V) project at Aberdeen Proving of $879,000 for design of the Readiness Center the Deputy Commander-in-Chief’s European Ground, Maryland by $10,000,000 rather than at Tupelo, Mississippi as proposed by the Command residence in Stuttgart, the con- a general reduction to the chemical demili- House. ferees deny the budget request for $990,000 to tarization program as proposed by the Sen- Pennsylvania—Fort Indiantown Gap: Multi- build the new on-post General Officer Quar- ate. The House did not include a similar re- purpose Training Range.—Of the funds pro- ters (GOQ). The House proposed to fully fund duction. The reduced amount reflects revised vided for planning and design in this ac- the project. The Senate proposed to reduce facility requirements resulting from the account, the conferees direct that not less than the project by $490,000. celeration initiative for the destruction of $1,400,000 be made available to design this chemical agents at Aberdeen Proving project. FAMILY HOUSING OPERATION AND Ground. MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, AIR NATIONAL GUARD MAINTENANCE, ARMY The conferees are pleased with the Army’s The conference agreement appropriates Due to savings that result from the re-esti- proposal to accelerate the neutralization of $203,813,000 for Military Construction, Air mation of inflation and a $5,000,000 reduction

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 for excessive housing privatization con- The conference agreement includes a pro- sure (BRAC) account to the Homeowners As- sulting costs, the conferees agree to reduce vision, section 121, as proposed by the House, sistance Program. The House bill contained this appropriation from $1,119,007,000 to which prohibits the expenditure of funds ex- a similar provision with additional language $1,106,007,000. cept in compliance with the Buy American providing transfer authority from the oper- FAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, NAVY AND Act. The Senate bill contained no similar ation and maintenance accounts in the De- MARINE CORPS provision. partment of Defense Appropriations Bill to The conference agreement includes a pro- the Homeowners Assistance Program. (INCLUDING RESCISSION) vision, section 122, as proposed by the House, The conference agreement includes a pro- The conference agreement appropriates which states the recipients of equipment or vision renumbered section 127, as proposed $376,468,000 for Family Housing Construction, products purchased with funds provided in by the Senate, regarding funding for oper- Navy and Marine Corps, instead of this Act should be notified that they must ation and maintenance of general officer $380,268,000 as proposed by the House and purchase American-made equipment and quarters. The House provision did not au- $374,468,000 as proposed by the Senate. This products. The Senate bill contained no simi- thorize after-the-fact notification for costs amount reflects $3,000,000 in savings that re- lar provision. associated with environmental remediation. sult from the re-estimation of inflation. The The conference agreement includes a pro- The conference agreement includes a pro- conference agreement rescinds $2,652,000 vision renumbered section 123, as proposed vision renumbered section 128, as proposed from funds provided to this account in pre- by the Senate, permitting the transfer of by the House, authorizing the use of private vious Military Construction Appropriation funds from Family Housing Construction ac- funds for the construction, improvement, re- Acts to reflect savings from favorable for- counts to the Family Housing Improvement pair, and maintenance of historic residences eign currency fluctuations. The House bill Fund. The House bill contained a similar at 8th and I Marine Barracks in Washington, proposed rescinding these funds in section provision with additional language permit- D.C. The conferees agree to modify the provi- 128 of the General Provisions. ting the transfer of funds from unaccom- sion by changing the authorization expira- panied housing projects in the Military Con- FAMILY HOUSING OPERATION AND tion from September 30, 2006 to September struction accounts to the Family Housing MAINTENANCE, NAVY AND MARINE CORPS 30, 2004. The conferees direct the Secretary of Improvement Fund to support barracks pri- Due to savings that result from the re-esti- the Navy to submit a report no later than vatization. Without prejudice to the concept, mation of inflation, the conferees agree to February 28, 2003, outlining: (1) the current the conferees agree to delete language as reduce this appropriation from $867,788,000 to status of renovation efforts at 8th and I; (2) proposed by the House allowing the service $861,788,000. the total funds expended to date on renova- components to intermingle family housing tion efforts (appropriated funds and private FAMILY HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, AIR FORCE and unaccompanied housing funds for the funds); (3) the current balance of the Friends (INCLUDING RESCISSION) purpose of privatizing barracks projects. of the Home of the Commandant’s Fund, Rather than authorizing these expenditures, The conference agreement appropriates Fund activities to date, and future activities the conferees prefer to wait for policy guid- $684,824,000 for Family Housing Construction, planned for the Fund; and (4) the overall pro- ance from the authorizing committees. Air Force, instead of $689,824,000 as proposed jected cost of the renovation efforts at 8th Areas of concern, however, are the un- by the House and $676,694,000 as proposed by and I. known consequences of co-mingling these the Senate. This amount reflects $5,000,000 in The conference agreement includes a pro- savings that result from the re-estimation of funds to the integrity of the audit trail. Spe- cifically, the conferees are concerned that vision renumbered section 129, as proposed inflation. The conference agreement rescinds by the House, which limits funds from being $8,782,000 from funds provided to this account the Department of Defense and Congress must be able to clearly identify and track transferred from this appropriation measure in previous Military Construction Appropria- into any new instrumentality without au- tion Acts to reflect savings from favorable the financial advantages of privatizing unaccompanied barracks versus the traditional thority from an appropriation Act. The Sen- foreign currency fluctuations as proposed by ate bill contained no similar provision. the Senate. The House bill proposed rescind- military construction approach. Especially The conference agreement includes a pro- ing these funds in section 128 of the General during this pilot program, a merger of family vision renumbered section 130, as proposed Provisions. housing and unaccompanied housing funding would not allow for a true comparison. With- by the House, which transfers amounts ap- FAMILY HOUSING OPERATION AND out that analysis, the Congress will not be propriated for a physical fitness center at MAINTENANCE, AIR FORCE able to determine the best approach to pro- Camp Kyle, Korea, to a similar project at Due to savings that result from the re-esti- vide funds for unaccompanied housing. Camp Bonifas, Korea. The Senate bill con- mation of inflation and a $5,000,000 reduction The conference agreement includes a pro- tained no similar provision. for excessive housing privatization con- vision renumbered section 124, as proposed The conference agreement includes a pro- sulting costs, the conferees agree to reduce by the Senate, to prohibit the obligation of vision renumbered section 131, as proposed this appropriation from $874,050,000 to funds for Partnership for Peace programs in by the Senate, which directs the Department $863,050,000. the New Independent States of the former of Defense to accurately reflect the cost of BASE REALIGNMENT AND CLOSURE ACCOUNT Soviet Union. The House bill contained no environmental remediation activities in its The conference agreement appropriates similar provision. The Administration re- future budget submissions for the Base Re- $561,138,000 for the Base Realignment and quested eliminating this limitation on pro- alignment and Closure (BRAC) account. The Closure Account, instead of $545,138,000 as viding NATO Security Investment Program House bill contained no similar provision. proposed by the House and $645,138,000 as pro- (NSIP) funds for non-NATO countries that Those general provisions not included in posed by the Senate. This amount reflects participate in Partnership for Peace pro- the conference agreement are as follows: grams. The conferees are concerned that $4,000,000 in savings that result from the re- The conference agreement deletes the NSIP funds are already oversubscribed and estimation of inflation. House provision rescinding funds from var- that expanding the scope of the program be- Environmental Cleanup Acceleration Initia- ious accounts to reflect savings from favor- yond NATO membership would compound an tive.—The conference agreement includes able foreign currency fluctuations. $20,000,000 above the budget request to accel- already serious problem. However, the conferees agree that the matter can be re-ad- The conference agreement deletes the erate the pace of environmental cleanup at House provision limiting funds from being closed or realigned military installations. dressed should the Department have compelling and specific reasons to make NSIP funds expended to prepare conveyance documents The Senate proposed $100,000,000 for this ini- at the former Fort Ord in California. tiative. The House did not include a similar available beyond the alliance. The conference agreement includes a pro- The conference agreement deletes the proposal. Based on requirements identified vision renumbered section 125, as proposed House provision limiting funds provided in by the services, the conferees direct that, of by the House and the Senate, which requires this Act from being used to relocate the the additional funding provided, $11,000,000 the Secretary of Defense to notify Congres- headquarters of U.S. Army, South. be made available for the Navy, $6,000,000 for sional Committees sixty days prior to The conference agreement deletes Senate the Air Force, and $3,000,000 for the Army. issuing a solicitation for a contract with the sections 127 through 131. The projects pro- GENERAL PROVISIONS private sector for military family housing. vided in these provisions were considered The conference agreement includes general The conference agreement includes a pro- within the full scope of projects in con- provisions (sections 101–120) that were not vision renumbered section 126, as proposed ference. Projects included in the conference amended by either the House or Senate in by the Senate, which provides transfer au- agreement are provided in the state list ac- their versions of the bill. thority from the Base Realignment and Clo- companying this report.

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VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB Insert offset folio 72 here EH09oc02.024 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7375 CONFERENCE TOTAL—WITH they did not have the long lens of his- Ironically, a number of family mem- COMPARISONS tory to guide them. These bold men bers who lost loved ones last Sep- The total new budget (obligational) au- adopted the radical idea of independ- tember have come to Capitol Hill and thority for the fiscal year 2003 recommended ence based upon deeply-held convic- have questioned the inability of our in- by the Committee of Conference, with com- tions and beliefs that bloodshed, telligence agencies to foresee those at- parisons to the fiscal year 2002 amount, the though unwanted, was a probable tacks prior to September 11. Why did 2003 budget estimates, and the House and Senate bills for 2003 follows: course. Indeed, when the document de- we not act upon those threads of infor- claring independence was executed in mation, they ask plaintively? Why did [In thousands of dollars] August of that year, 30,000 British and we not prevent the horrific attacks of New budget (obligational) authority, fiscal year Hessian troops were assembled at Stat- that crisp, clear morning? 2002 ...... $10,604,400 en Island, New York, a 3 days’ journey Mr. Speaker, let us not allow that Budget estimates of new from Philadelphia. tragic history to be repeated. We have (obligational) authority, At first blush, those of you reminded a moral responsibility to defend our fiscal year 2003 ...... 9,664,04 of this narrative would quickly make Nation from harm. This conflict has House bill, fiscal year 2003 10,083,000 the distinction that those Philadelphia been brought to us, and we have pro- Senate bill, fiscal year 2003 10,622,000 delegates and the colonists they rep- voked it only by being free. We must Conference agreement, fis- resented were in imminent peril, and move forward decisively, confident in cal year 2003 ...... 10,499,000 Conference agreement we are not. Is that in fact the case the knowledge that our voices, which compared with: after September 11? America’s enemies cry out so desperately for a lasting New budget today do not dispatch columns of in- peace, have been and will be heard by (obligational) author- fantrymen ‘‘across the green’’ or bat- the rest of the world. ity, fiscal year 2002 ...... ¥105,400 tleships upon the high seas. Instead, we Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 Budget estimates of new face a deadlier threat in chemical and minutes to my good friend, the gen- (obligational) author- biological weapons willing to be dis- tleman from Arizona (Mr. PASTOR), a ity, fiscal year 2003 ...... +834,959 member of the House Committee on House bill, fiscal year persed by an army of anonymous kill- 2003 ...... +416,000 ers. This 107th Congress, as our fore- Appropriations, a top member of the Senate bill, fiscal year fathers before, must face this difficult Committee on Energy and Water and 2003 ...... ¥123,000 issue without the benefit of history’s on the Committee on Standards of Offi- clarity. cial Conduct. DAVID L. HOBSON, (Mr. PASTOR asked and was given JAMES T. WALSH, I have been contacted by a number of DAN MILLER, Missourians with wide-ranging opin- permission to revise and extend his re- ROBERT ADERHOLT, ions, and some have proclaimed, ‘‘Let marks.) KAY GRANGER, us not wage war with Iraq.’’ Would that Mr. PASTOR. Mr. Speaker, I am VIRGIL H. GOODE, Jr., I could will it so, possessing the knowl- committed to the war against ter- JOE SKEEN, edge as I do of the threat Iraq poses. rorism and believe that stopping Sad- DAVID VITTER, Would that Saddam Hussein lay down dam Hussein from developing weapons C.W. BILL YOUNG, his arms, those weapons designed to of mass destruction is a necessary part JOHN W. OLVER, of that effort. But at this time, how- CHET EDWARDS, commit mass murder against the de- SAM FARR, fenseless. ever, I believe it is premature to au- ALLEN BOYD, Now, time does not permit me to thorize a unilateral attack on Iraq. NORMAN D. DICKS, make my case, but there has been a lot Working with the international com- DAVID R. OBEY, of discussion about the case that has munity is the surest means of address- Managers on the Part of the House. been made, and I am convinced that ing this threat effectively, sharing DIANNE FEINSTEIN, Iraq continues to possess and manufac- costs and resources and ensuring sta- DANIEL K. INOUYE, ture weapons of mass destruction in de- bility in Iraq and throughout the Mid- TIM JOHNSON, fiance of 12 years of Security Council dle East in the event of a regime MARY L. LANDRIEU, resolutions. change. While the President has spoken HARRY REID, My colleague, the gentlewoman from of the value of a coalition effort, the ROBERT C. BYRD, California (Ms. LOFGREN), a good resolution before the House today un- KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON friend, a moment ago said there is no dermines the importance of our allies CONRAD BURNS, definitive link between Iraq and the at- and of maintaining the momentum of LARRY CRAIG, MIKE DEWINE, tacks of September 11, 2001; and I ac- international cooperation in the wider TED STEVENS, knowledge that. However, our United war on terrorism. Managers on the Part of the Senate. States intelligence services have de- I support the Spratt amendment to f tected that Saddam’s regime has begun this resolution. This amendment would efforts to reach out to terrorist groups authorize the use of U.S. forces in sup- FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF H. with global reach. port of a new U.N. Security Council RES. 114, AUTHORIZATION FOR I acknowledge that Saddam Hussein’s resolution mandating the elimination, USE OF MILITARY FORCE regime is largely secular and has often by force, if necessary, of all Iraqi weap- AGAINST IRAQ RESOLUTION OF clashed with fanatical religious fun- ons of mass destruction and means of 2002 damentalist groups. However, I am producing such weapons. Should the Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 mindful of a disquieting adage, the Security Council fail to produce such a minutes to the distinguished gen- enemy of my enemy is my friend. resolution, the amendment calls on the tleman from Missouri (Mr. HULSHOF). The resolution I support today sug- President then to seek authorization (Mr. HULSHOF asked and was given gests a variety of means to disarm Iraq for unilateral military action. In this permission to revise and extend his re- without immediately resorting to the way, the amendment emphasizes our marks.) end of open warfare. It is imperative preference for a peaceful solution and Mr. HULSHOF. Mr. Speaker, ‘‘When that the United Nations take strong coalition support, while recognizing in the course of human events it be- action to implement a comprehensive that military force and unilateral ac- comes necessary for the people to dis- and unfettered regime of weapons in- tion may be appropriate at some point. solve the political bonds which have spections. It is deeply troubling to me, We should not rush into war without connected them with another, a decent however, that the only thing that the support of our allies. We should not respect to the opinions of mankind re- seems to compel Saddam Hussein into send American troops into combat be- quires that they should declare the compliance is the threat of military fore making a full-faith effort to put causes which impel them.’’ force. Certainly many questions re- U.N. inspectors back into Iraq under a When the delegates to the Second main. However, the risks of inaction more forceful resolution. We should not Continental Congress began to debate are greater, in my mind, than the risks turn to a policy of preemptive attack, those immortal words in July of 1776, of action. which we have so long and so rightly

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Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 Mr. Speaker, the resolution that will tatorial madman with little respect for minutes to the distinguished gen- come before us for final passage has al- the life of even his own people, let tleman from Missouri (Mr. GRAVES). ready been written at the White House. alone American life, to bring about a Mr. GRAVES. Mr. Speaker, I thank I very much wish that it had a dif- peaceful resolution to this crisis would the gentleman for yielding me time. ferent phraseology, but that is not the be foolhardy. It is for that reason I Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of choice of individual Members. The only strongly believe that we must House Joint Resolution 114, authoriza- question that will come before us that strengthen the President’s hand. With tion of use of force against Iraq. we can influence as individual Mem- a hopeful heart, but realistic concern After the attacks of September 11, bers is by what margin does that reso- over this threat, I will cast my vote in Congress reaffirmed our commitment lution pass. Does it get 325 votes, or support of this resolution as a last to keep the American people safe from 375, or somewhere in between? chance for peace. international threats. That commit- Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 6 b 1645 ment faces its first true test as we de- minutes to the gentlewoman from Cali- bate this resolution. Saddam Hussein does not fully under- fornia (Ms. WATSON), a member of the We are faced with clear evidence of a stand our political process. He sees a Committee on International Relations threat against the security of the nation in the throws of an election and former ambassador to Micronesia. American people. We have several op- where we speak quite harshly to each Ms. WATSON of California. Mr. tions to deal with this threat. This res- other on domestic issues, and we will Speaker, I stand to oppose H.J. Res. olution will provide all necessary op- be doing more of that in the coming 114, the authorization for military tions to the President for protecting weeks. There is no better way to assure force against Iraq. the security interests of the American that Saddam capitulates on the issue Mr. Speaker, I have attended numer- people. of inspectors, no better way to assure ous administrative hearings on Iraq By giving the President the needed that this war does not have to be where not one bit of new evidence was flexibility, Iraq and the rest of the fought, no better way to assure a offered to demonstrate that presently world will know that we are prepared peaceful resolution of this conflict Saddam Hussein is more of a menace to enforce our demands for disar- than for us to pass this resolution by than that proven diabolical character, mament with the use of force. the largest possible margin and make Osama bin Laden. Why are we not still By giving the President this flexi- sure that Saddam understands that focusing our attention on him? I re- bility, the American people can be America is united and capitulation on member so well the declaration made fully defended from the threat Iraq the issue of inspectors is the only ra- by the President: ‘‘Wanted, dead or poses to our national security. tional course and the only course that alive.’’ We have painfully experienced It is clear that Saddam Hussein con- will assure his own personal safety. his capacity to wreak havoc on thou- stitutes a grave threat to the security Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 sands of our people from thousands of of the United States through his mo- minutes to the distinguished gen- miles from his own perch. And now, he tives, history, technological capabili- tleman from Florida (Mr. SHAW). appears to be an afterthought. ties and his support for international Mr. SHAW. Mr. Speaker, I thank the We have given Saddam Hussein the terrorism. Saddam Hussein is a ruth- gentleman for yielding me this time. power to force the greatest country on less dictator who has sworn eternal I rise in strong support of this most Earth to abandon its domestic agenda, hostility to the United States. There is balanced resolution. Like most of my to potentially violate the U.N. charter, evidence that this same dictator has fi- colleagues who support the President and possibly take unilateral and pre- nanced and supported international in this important matter, I am not vot- emptive action before exhausting all terrorism, including harboring mem- ing for this resolution because I have diplomatic efforts. I am not convinced bers of al Qaeda. Despite agreeing to any wish to speed to war; I am voting that Saddam Hussein warrants the fully disarm by ridding itself of weap- for this resolution because I hold out daily headlines and the extraordinary ons of mass destruction, Iraq has hope for peace, a peace that can still amount of time and resources given to worked to actually enhance its weap- come, but only if the United Nations him. We are equating his power with ons program, increasing its stockpiles will apply decisive pressure to Iraq to ours and, in some ways, ascribing it to of biological and chemical weapons and open itself to unconditional, unfettered be beyond our ability to detect. working to build nuclear weapons. weapons inspection. While we are monitoring his every Saddam Hussein has used weapons of Unfortunately, the last decade has move, I have no doubt that if he were mass destruction against his neighbors shown that without the use of force as to plan an attack on the United States and his own people. He has attempted a threat, Saddam Hussein will continue or on our allies, we would be able to assassinations of foreign leaders, in- to stonewall and ignore every resolu- stop him in his tracks. But what we cluding an American president. tion issued by the United Nations, all cannot do is to provide the proof of Alone, these facts are very troubling. the while amassing weapons of terror. Osama bin Laden’s whereabouts or Together, they present a clear and The resolution before us today does not whether he is dead or alive, or who present danger to the national security send us to war, but it does provide a spread anthrax and, currently, right of the United States. Saddam Hussein powerful incentive for Hussein to fi- here in this country, who is killing in- has the motive, has the capabilities nally comply with the dictates of the nocent Americans in a close radius of and the absence of humanity that is all United Nations. With the threat of the White House. But our focus re- too clear. Ignoring this evidence would force, the United Nations and Presi- mains thousands of miles away on a be abandoning our duty to the security dent Bush will be able to negotiate villain who cowardly goes after the of the American people. from a position of strength. weakest. It is beneath us to choose war Now we are faced with this question: Nobody, no legislator, Republican or over diplomacy, and not only carry a How do we deal with this threat? The Democrat, takes this responsibility of big stick, but beat our perceived enemy answer is to leave all options at the sending our children off to war lightly, over the head with it. President’s disposal on the table, in- but nor can we stand by as Saddam The United Nations is being dimin- cluding military options. Like every- Hussein and his regime continue to ished with our rhetoric of the last few one in this Chamber, I sincerely hope work to amass stockpiles of the world’s weeks. As a charter member, we are and pray it will never come to that. most deadly weapons. My deepest fears not giving it credit for trying to uphold Nevertheless, I believe the evidence lay in the thought that he could soon the principle of sovereign equality of

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I came in to my congres- a new, tougher weapons inspection resolution or the use of force against the terri- sional office building, and I was in- which would allow the U.N. inspectors unfet- torial integrity or political independ- formed that a plane had just struck the tered access to all sights in Iraq, including the ence of any State. Pentagon. We left our offices, we went presidential palaces. If it is implemented suc- Chapter VI of the charter empowers to a place, we tried to call our families, cessfully, the resolution would serve to disarm the Security Council to investigate any the communications systems were Iraq and would not require an armed con- disputes and to recommend appropriate jammed. It took 3 hours until I could frontation. However, as President Bush has procedures for the settlement of the finally talk to my wife and I have five noted, the track record of Iraq’s compliance dispute. If the dispute is not resolved, sons, and I began talking to each of my with U.N. resolutions is abysmal, and this time it is then referred to the Security boys. I got to my second son, Ross, and we must give him the tools necessary to en- Council for action. Under Chapter VII, he was crying, and he asked me, Daddy, sure that Iraq is truly disarmed. the U.N. Security Council shall deter- are we safe? In addition, I believe that before we use mili- mine the existence of threats to peace. In my lifetime, I never asked that tary force against Iraq that the administration Article 46 provides that plans for the question. I never asked that question, should work to reassemble the coalition that application of armed force shall be Are we safe, of my mother and daddy, was so successful during the Gulf War or like made by the Security Council. The of my father, because the generations the one we developed to combat terrorism. U.N. charter does not provide for pre- that went before us gave us the bless- While we could defeat Iraq without a coalition, emptive or first-strike options of mem- ings of liberty. They protected and de- policing and rebuilding Iraq will take years, ber states against a perceived threat. fended our safety and security when a and we will need allies to undertake this long Too little in this House has been threat, a challenge emerged; when we and difficult task. made of peace. When will we mature to were at risk, they answered the call. So Those of us in this chamber who have worn a point when we will find noncom- many times in our Nation’s history, we the military uniform of this great country, un- bative ways to settle our differences? have had the strong voices that have derstand the ravages and consequences of When are we ready to use our higher given us warnings and called us to ac- war, and do not take this vote lightly. All diplo- selves to find ways to be nonviolent? tion, and so many times we did not lis- matic options should be exhausted before the To effect a regime change, we are ten. Winston Churchill called on the use of military force, but I believe the option threatening an invasion of a territorial world to look and to act at the threat of force must be available to the President as foe to enhance our own security; but that Hitler posed, and the world did a last resort. Giving the authority to use force such an invasion will, in fact, degrade not listen; and because of that, more does not mean war, it only gives our com- and diminish us. death and more destruction and world mander-in-chief the maximum flexibility to pro- This resolution offers only the inces- war came. tect our nation. sant drumbeat of war. During the Viet- Today, we have an opportunity, If it comes to war, many of our nation’s sons nam War, it was often said that ever backed by a clear and convincing and daughters will be put in harms way in every time we kill a Viet Cong guer- threat, and backed by a leader of char- order to protect our freedoms from Saddam rilla, we create two more. Our invasion acter, to hear the warnings, to know Hussein’s reign of terror and to keep him from of Iraq will be watched by millions of that nuclear capability is around the acquiring nuclear weapons and the means of Muslim men and women. Many govern- corner in the hands of a dictator, in the delivering them to the United States. I would ments around the world will become hands of a tyrant; and he could use it, never send our young men and women into less cooperative in helping us track and the death and the destruction that combat unless it was absolutely necessary; down terrorist operatives in their it could cause would be devastating. It and unless Iraq allows weapons inspectors countries. Hundreds, if not thousands, would be overwhelming. But if we act into the country with unfettered access it will of American men and women may per- now, we can stop it. We can prevent it. be necessary. Congress needs to give the ish in the streets of Baghdad. Our inva- We can preempt it. President the authority he needs to protect sion will engender a bottomless well of For those reasons, we have the moral America while encouraging the use of diplo- bitterness and resentment towards the obligation to act. I support the resolu- macy and negotiations to try and arrive at a United States that will haunt us for tion, and I urge my colleagues to do peaceful solution to this problem before turn- decades to come. We now have a choice the same. ing to military force and this is why I will vote to maintain the moral high ground or Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield to give him the ability to eliminate this threat sink to the depths of our tormentors. such time as he may consume to the to American security. History will record this moment. gentleman from Florida (Mr. BOYD). Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield MAKING IN ORDER AT ANY TIME CONSIDERATION (Mr. BOYD asked and was given per- 6 minutes to the gentleman from Wis- OF CONFERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 3295, HELP mission to revise and extend his re- consin (Mr. KIND), who has just arrived AMERICA VOTE ACT OF 2002 marks.) and is now available to convince the Mr. NEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- Mr. BOYD. Mr. Speaker, I thank the entire House of Representatives. mous consent that it be in order at any gentleman for yielding me this time. I (Mr. KIND asked and was given per- time to consider the conference report rise in support of H.J. Res. 114. mission to revise and extend his re- to accompany H.R. 3295; that all points Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of giving marks.) of order against the conference report the President the authority to go to war with Mr. KIND. Mr. Speaker, I thank the and against its consideration be Iraq if it becomes necessary. I came to this gentleman for yielding me this time. waived; and that the conference report difficult decision only after considering the We have before us today one of the be considered as read when called up. threat to our national security that allowing most important issues that a democ- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. LIN- Saddam Hussein to acquire long range mis- racy must decide, whether to poten- DER). Is there objection to the request siles and nuclear weapons represents. While tially go to war against another na- of the gentleman from Ohio? we should continue to seek a diplomatic solution. It is a vote of conscience, and I There was no objection. tion, inaction is not an option. I feel that we believe reasonable people can disagree Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 must give the president the option of using while looking at the same set of facts. minutes to the distinguished gen- force to remove this threat to our nation if di- 1700 tleman from Mississippi (Mr. PICK- plomacy does not work. b ERING). No one in the United States wants another September 11, however, has changed Mr. PICKERING. Mr. Speaker, today war with Iraq if it can be avoided. However, the psyche of our Nation forever. We I rise in support of the resolution be- we know that Iraq has chemical and biological witnessed in horror what a few suicidal fore us. weapons, and is frantically working to develop terrorists can accomplish in a low-tech

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 operation, and now we shudder to vital reason why international support May God continue to bless these imagine what suicidal terrorists can is critical for our action in Iraq, for United States of America. accomplish if they gain access to high- what happens the day after. Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield tech weapons of mass destruction. We have never been good at nation such time as he may consume to the I believe Saddam Hussein has biologi- building. We can accomplish military gentleman from New Hampshire (Mr. cal and chemical weapons of mass de- goals with little help, but our democ- BASS). struction and that he is aggressively racy does not have the experience or (Mr. BASS asked and was given per- seeking to develop nuclear capability. the sustainability for successful nation mission to revise and extend his re- But I also believe that he can be de- building. Therefore, we must approach marks.) terred because, as New York Times col- the aftermath of any conflict in the re- Mr. BASS. Mr. Speaker, I rise in umnist Thomas Friedman puts it, Sad- gion with the greatest degree of humil- strong support of House Joint Resolu- dam loves his life more than he hates ity. tion 114. us. In addition, I am concerned that the Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the opportunity to It is, however, irrefutable that Sad- administration is developing a blind address the House today in support of the res- dam is in blatant violation of numer- spot. They are becoming overly intoxi- olution before us. The decision to allow our ous U.N. resolutions that call for his cated with the use of our military military to use force against Iraq will be one of disarmament of these weapons. Now power. I am glad that we have the the most important votes we cast in this Con- the question becomes: How do we en- world’s most powerful military; but gress, but the responsible choice to support force these resolutions and accomplish this is not just a battle of military the resolution is clear. the universal goal of disarming his might, it is also a battle of values and Over the past few weeks, we have labored weapons of mass destruction? ideas in the region. Our message to the over the proper scope and limitations for this I have come to the conclusion that outside world needs to be better than: significant measure. The compromise lan- my two sons’ futures and the future of You are either for us or you are against guage has been drafted by key House and all our children across the globe will be us; and if you are against us, we are Senate leaders, and the President. made a little safer if Saddam disarms, going to kill you. This resolution is in the best interest of on his own or with our help; militarily, Instead, we need to send a message America’s national security. After a decade of if necessary. I pray that it is done through words and deeds that we are deceit and deception, in which we have per- peacefully. I pray that he blinks. interested in being good global citizens mitted a hostile dictator to repeatedly violate But I have also concluded that we are as well. Unfortunately, the every agreement we have in good faith put dealing with a person who will not do unilateralist message this administra- before him, the use of force has become a the right thing unless, literally, he has tion has sent from day one has now necessary option. I think I speak for all mem- a gun pointing at his head. Therefore, I come back to haunt us in our attempt bers of this Congress when I say that I hope support the resolution before us today. to secure support against Iraq: No to and pray that military force does not become But I also support the Spratt amend- the global climate treaty, no to the bi- required; however, we must prepare for all ment, because how we accomplish our ological treaty, no to the land mines possible outcomes. goals and with whom can make all the treaty, no to the ABM treaty, no to an This resolution protects the Congress’ ability difference. We need to do this with the international crimes tribunal. If the to remain fully involved in future decisions and help and the support of the inter- rest of the world does not like it, that actions in Iraq. It provides the resources for national community. I believe that it is just tough. the United States to act ion the best interest Instead, the world needs to hear from would be disastrous if we try to accom- of our national security, while remaining com- us that we are concerned about our plish disarmament through unilateral mitted to generating support for a multilateral global environment; we are concerned military action. coalition. about their economic progress; we are The process we take will determine I support our President and commend his concerned that 2 billion people must whether the rest of the world views us efforts to ensure that the citizen’s of American survive on just $1 a day; that 1.5 billion as a beacon or as a bully. We could re- do not live in fear of another tragic terrorist at- people, most of them children, cannot main a beacon of hope and optimism as even get a clean glass of water; and tack or of harm from rogue nations. With pas- the leader of the free world, promoting that we want to help eradicate the sage of this resolution, we will provide our economic progress for all, respecting scourge of AIDS. Commander in Chief with the resources nec- human rights, and ensuring democratic Furthermore, the world needs to hear essary to carry out his greatest task of all— values such as freedom, political plu- that we are truly interested in being providing for the continued safety of our citi- ralism, religious tolerance, free speech, honest brokers in finding a peaceful so- zens. and respect for the rule of law; or we lution to the conflict in the Middle This resolution to authorizer military action could be viewed as the superpower East. We need to recognize that the against Iraq is one that has been seriously de- bully, imposing our military power real battleground for peace throughout liberated by the President, his policy makers, whenever we want and wherever we the world ultimately lies in education. and this Congress. want. We cannot just keep looking at the Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 I give the President the benefit of the Arab world as a great gas station, in- minutes to the distinguished gen- doubt when he now says that the use of different to what happens inside their tleman from Ohio (Mr. BOEHNER), the military force will be a last resort, not countries, because the gas now is leak- chairman of the Committee on Edu- a first option; that regime change can ing, and there are people starting to cation and the Workforce. also mean attitude change of throw matches around. Mr. BOEHNER. Mr. Speaker, ‘‘does Saddam’s; and that we will work hard If we have learned anything from this body have the will and resolve to to gather international support for dis- September 11, it is that if we do not commit this Nation to a future of arming him before military action is visit and help in a bad neighborhood, peace, or will we leave for our children taken. that bad neighborhood can come and an inheritance of uncertainty and That is what the administration visit us. world instability? I do not want to see should have been saying from day one, So for the sake of our young military our Nation at war, and I pray that this and it is now reflected in the new reso- troops, for the sake of the Iraqi people, crisis will be resolved peacefully. But I lution before us today. and for the sake of our Nation as it is cannot in good conscience deny to the We need to do this the right way be- perceived by the rest of the world in President of the United States every cause U.N. engagement and inter- the 21st century, I pray that we can ac- power and tool that he is entitled to in national support is essential. I sub- complish Saddam’s disarmament his efforts to resolve this crisis.’’ scribe to the Thomas Friedman ‘‘crys- peacefully and, if not, then with inter- Mr. Speaker, I spoke these words tal store’’ theory of U.S. foreign policy: national support. right here in this very spot on the floor If you break it, you own it. If we break But today we need to give the Presi- of the House of Representatives during Iraq, we will have the responsibility to dent this tool in his diplomatic arse- my first speech as a Member of this rebuild it, just as we need to rebuild nal, and also pray that he uses it wise- body. One day later, on January 12, Afghanistan today. This is another ly. 1991, I cast my first vote, one to give

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Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 have the weapons to do so, we need to again would be faced with the chal- minutes to the distinguished gen- eliminate their capacity to do so. lenge of dealing with Saddam Hussein’s tleman from Indiana (Mr. SOUDER). If this leader and nation have already outlaw regime. But here we are in 2002, (Mr. SOUDER asked and was given demonstrated, as Saddam Hussein has, and Saddam is once again at the heart permission to revise and extend his re- a willingness to use such weapons of of our national security concerns. marks.) mass destruction to terrorize, like The September 11 terrorist attacks Mr. SOUDER. Mr. Speaker, today the Iraq, alone in the world in dem- have changed this Nation forever. Committee on Government Reform and onstrating such willingness, then the Those tragic events increased our ap- Oversight unanimously approved the need to act becomes urgent. preciation of our vulnerability to ter- report of the Subcommittee on Crimi- The American people do not want to rorist attacks, particularly from weap- nal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human burn while the politicians fiddle. We ons of mass destruction. Saddam Hus- Resources titled ‘‘Federal Law Enforce- need to strengthen our borders. We sein has actively developed a deadly bi- ment at the Borders and Ports of need to monitor suspected terrorists ological and chemical weapons pro- Entry,’’ the most comprehensive report and arrest those who become active. gram, and he is actively pursuing the ever on our Nation’s border security. We need to take out the capacity of development of nuclear weapons. We As chairman of this subcommittee, I those bent on terrorizing our Nation. cannot ignore this reality. would like to discuss some of the find- If we implement all of these strate- What has changed since the last time ings and how I feel they impact the de- gies, we have a chance of success. Par- I voted to use our Armed Forces bate on the resolution regarding Iraq tial, timid strategies against people against Iraq has not been a new identi- that is before us. bent upon killing Americans will not fication of our enemy, but the reassess- There are 130 official ports of entry save lives. They will cost lives. ment of our national security risk. The on the northern border at which it is Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 last 11 years have proven that attempt- legal to cross, whether by vehicle or minutes to the distinguished gen- ing to contain Saddam through an inef- foot. There are an additional over 300 tleman from Tennessee (Mr. JENKINS). Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, I rise in fective weapons inspection regime does unofficial crossing areas along the not alter his intentions nor force him support of this resolution. northern border, roads which are The preamble of this resolution sets to disarm. We must resolve to stand unmonitored and allow for individuals firm against Hussein’s regime to guar- out in detailed chronological order the or groups to cross undetected. obligations that were imposed upon antee security for Americans and the Near Blaine, Washington, the only and accepted by the regime of Saddam international community and justice barrier is a narrow ditch easily stepped Hussein as the result of a United Na- for the Iraqi people. over and containing no water between I commend President Bush for his tions-sponsored ceasefire in 1991. They two roads. In northwest North Dakota, consistent consultation with the inter- were clear obligations for Saddam Hus- it is even easier: It is flat for miles, and national community and with the con- sein to end his nuclear, biological, and there is no ditch. As for the southern gressional leadership on both sides as chemical weapons programs and the border, it is not exactly known as im- he develops a strategy for confronting means to deliver them and to end his penetrable. If we cannot stop tens of this grave threat. The resolution before support for international terrorism. I thousands of illegal immigrants, it us today is a result of those consulta- have heard no one deny the existence does not breed a lot of confidence that tions, and its passage is the United of these obligations. I have heard no we can stop all terrorists. States government’s opportunity to credible denial of their breach. Our subcommittee has also begun to speak with one voice in its efforts to Since our country has been attacked study port security. The challenges in protect American interests at home by terrorists and we continue to be our largest harbors, Long Beach and and abroad. threatened, at least in part, due to the We cannot expect the United Nations Los Angeles, are overwhelming. But by breach of these obligations, it becomes Security Council to take action to pro- the time a nuclear device has slipped the duty of the President and this Con- tect not only our interests but the in- into L.A., we are already in deep trou- gress to chart a course of action that terests of the international community ble. Preclearance at point of origin, or will protect our country and all its without sending it a strong signal of at a point prior to coming into the citizens. This resolution in my opinion our own resolve. U.S., is a probable method to reduce charts such a course. Looking back on the vote that this risk; but shipments could have chem- House cast to authorize force back in ical, biological, or nuclear weapons b 1715 1991, I can recall how somber my col- added en route at the receiving harbor It provides that the President is au- leagues and I were as we contemplated or in transit to the next shipping point. thorized to use the Armed Forces as he the consequences of our actions. I have not even discussed airport se- deems necessary and appropriate to de- Today, I sense a similar mood in the curity. fend the national security of the House. Whenever Congress votes to au- The point of my comments is this: If United States, and, secondly, to en- thorize the use of the greatest Armed those opposed to this resolution some- force all relevant United Nations Secu- Forces in the world, it is destined to be how think we are going to stop terror- rity Council resolutions regarding Iraq. one of the most serious and difficult ists from crossing our borders, that by In the final analysis, it boils down to votes ever cast by our Members. It is itself is an incredibly high-risk strat- a matter of judgment, whether we not a decision we relish, but it is one egy doomed to probable failure. As should vote ‘‘yes’’ or ‘‘no.’’ My judg- that we must make. chemicals come across in different ment is unless I vote ‘‘yes,’’ I have I pray and hope that the need to use forms or nuclear weapons in parts, failed to meet the obligation that I military force to disarm Hussein’s re- even with dramatically improved secu- have to the more than 630,000 men, gime is not imminent. However, I stand rity we will not catch it all. women and children who constitute the ready to support such an action should We need a multifaceted approach. We First Congressional District of Ten- the President deem it necessary. need a vastly improved intelligence nessee who are at risk today because of The famous legislator and philoso- collection and information-sharing. the failures of Saddam Hussein. pher, Sir Edmond Burke from England, That is obvious to everyone. We are Is there any question in anybody’s once said, ‘‘All that is needed for evil working to improve border security, mind what the votes of any of those to exist is for good men to do nothing.’’ port security, and airport security. But brave leaders who founded or helped I also recall the words of our great when we can see the chemical and bio- perpetuate our Nation would be? Lead- President Ronald Reagan when he said logical facilities that have manufac- ers like President Washington, Presi- ‘‘If not now, when? If not us, who?’’ tured, can manufacture, and probably dent Lincoln, President Truman, or

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Who else violates As of today, the United States, and been spared terrible agony and death if this new policy and, therefore, who we know it, has not exhausted our the judgment of Winston Churchill had would be next to have our new policy peaceful options; and by tomorrow been heard and heeded and adopted as a implemented against them? when we vote on this, we will have set course of action in the 1930’s? Let us start with Iran. They have America and the world on a new course The eyes of all our great leaders of weapons of mass destruction. Iran has that has not yet been fully thought out the past and the eyes of all who have certainly supported terrorists and does or debated. We owe it to ourselves and laid down their lives for our freedom so today. In fact, many people believe to our children to go slow. are upon us today to see if we are prop- that this country, Iran, now is home to Others have cited history as well. Let er stewards of the freedom and the op- more al Qaeda members than any other me be clear, no one has forgotten Sep- portunities that they afforded us with country in the world. Finally, Iran has tember 11. Everyone wants to avoid an- their sacrifices. This decision is vital, a history of aggression and brutality other such incident. But no one has di- not only to the future of Americans, against its own people and its neigh- vine insight as how to best accomplish but to the future of the world commu- bors. When do we attack Iran? that goal. Let me ask those who have nity and to all who would throw off the What about China? They certainly cited World War II and to remind them yoke of tyranny and oppression and es- have very powerful weapons of mass de- that when Iraq did try to expand its cape the horrors of chemical, bacterio- struction, including nuclear weapons. borders, the world did react. This Con- logical, and nuclear warfare. They are the leading sellers of both gress reacted, unlike Europe in the If we are forced to action following weapons of mass destruction and, more 1930’s. The comparison is not valid. this resolution, and it is everybody’s importantly, the industrial means to If necessary there will be plenty of hope that we will not be, it will be easi- produce such weapons around the time to wage war against Iraq, and I er in proportion to our accord for those world. They have ignored all calls to may support it. But if an unnecessary who represent us on the battlefield. withdraw from Tibet or to treat Tibet- war is waged, we risk forfeiting Amer- Mr. Speaker, I urge passage. ans fairly. They brutalize the Falun ica’s well-deserved reputation as hu- Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I Gong. They brutalize Christians. They manity’s best hope for a long-lasting yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from threaten Taiwan and the peace in of all worldwide peace. Massachusetts (Mr. CAPUANO). of Asia. When do we attack China? Mr. Speaker, I urge this Congress to Mr. CAPUANO. Mr. Speaker, I thank When do we attack the Sudan? When vote ‘‘no’’ on this resolution. the gentleman for yielding me time. do we attack North Korea? When do we Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 41⁄2 Mr. Speaker, over the last 6 weeks, attack Russia itself? minutes to the distinguished gen- the President has changed long-stand- Each of these countries meets all of tleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. ing policy that prohibits a unilateral the criteria the President is now using WELDON). American first strike and has argued to say we should attack Iraq unilater- (Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania asked that his new policy should be imposed ally. and was given permission to revise and upon Iraq. Most Americans want Saddam Hus- extend his remarks.) President Bush, to his credit, has de- sein gone. So do I. Most Americans Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania. Mr. cided to include Congress in this proc- want the United States to remain the Speaker, I rise in strong support of the ess and to seek international support strongest Nation in the world. So do I. resolution and want to focus on what for his positions, although he will not But most Americans also want the this debate is all about. wait for such support to enforce his United States of America to continue This debate is all about whether Sad- new policy. to be the world’s moral leader while we dam continued to build weapons of The process is important, but it is accomplish both of these goals. mass destruction after 1991 and would not the most important aspect of his President Bush’s unclear, imprecise he use them. Well, I think everyone is efforts. For me, the most important new policy in support of a unilateral in agreement in the second question, question in this entire matter is what force first strike does not do it. that he will use them because he has happens after Saddam Hussein is de- Not long ago another American stat- already done that. He has done it with throned. Forty years ago we amended ed, ‘‘Our purpose is peace. The United the Kurds. He has done it with his own our policies to state that America will States intends no rashness and seeks population a number of times. no longer allow long-range nuclear no wider war. We seek the full and ef- Let us talk about whether or not he weapons to be installed in our hemi- fective restoration of international has weapons of mass destruction and sphere, a precise policy that applied agreements.’’ This House reacted by how he got them. Mr. Speaker, I have only to Cuba at that time. voting, ‘‘The United States is prepared given no less than 12 speeches on the Twenty years ago we amended our as the President determines to take all floor of this House about the prolifera- policy to state that America will not necessary steps including the use of tion that occurred to Saddam Hussein allow foreign leaders to enrich them- armed forces.’’ in the 1990s. selves by using their governmental I am sure some of you recognize Mr. Speaker, I insert two documents structure to ship illegal drugs into these words from the 1963 Gulf of Ton- that I have inserted in the CONGRES- America. Again, a precise policy which kin Resolution that led to the Vietnam SIONAL RECORD five times in the past. applied only to Panama at the time. debacle. We all know the results of Mr. Speaker, these are chronologies Although the President has changed that resolution. We all know that this of weapons-related transfers of tech- some of his arguments, there do seem House had to repeal this resolution 6 nology to Saddam by Chinese interests to be three constant points that he years later. and Russian interests. uses. This resolution before us tonight [Los Angeles Times Editorials, May 21, 1998] Number one, Iraq has weapons of uses virtually the same language and INDIGNATION RINGS SHALLOW ON NUKE TESTS mass destruction. Number two, Iraq grants the President comparable au- (By Curt Weldon) has supported terrorists even if the thority to the Gulf of Tonkin resolu- Escalating tensions between India and link to al Qaeda cannot be proven. tion. But I think our actions here Pakistan should come as no surprise to the Number three, Iraq has a history of ag- today may actually prove to be more Clinton administration. Since the president gression and brutality against its own dangerous because we base them on a took office, there have been dozens of reported transfers of sensitive military tech- people and against its neighbors. We all new policy of unilateral first strike. At nology by Russia and China—in direct viola- agree on all of those points. They are a minimum, the President needs to re- tion of numerous international arms control not subject to debate. Based on con- fine his new policy before we imple- agreements—to a host of nations, including stant repetition of these factors, we ment. Until we do so, America must Pakistan and India.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00076 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7381 Yet the Clinton administration has repeat- rocket engines and technology to India. widely blamed as the impetus for India’s de- edly chosen to turn a blind eye to this pro- While sanctions were imposed by President cision to detonate five nuclear weapons in liferation of missile, chemical-biological and Bush in May 1992, the Clinton administration tests earlier this month. Again, no sanctions nuclear technology, consistently refusing to allowed them to expire after only two years. were imposed on China. impose sanctions on violators. And in those And in June 1993, evidence surfaced that ad- Retracing the history of these instances of handful of instances where sanctions were ditional Russian enterprises were involved in proliferation, it is obvious that Pakistan and imposed, they usually were either quickly missile technology transfers to India. The India have been locked in an arms race since waived by the administration or allowed to administration imposed sanctions in June the beginning of the decade. And the race expire. Rather than condemn India for cur- 1993, and then promptly waived them for a has been given repeated jump-starts by rent tensions, the blame for the political month, never following up on this issue. China and Russia, a clear violation of a num- Meanwhile, Pakistan continued to aggres- powder keg that has emerged in Asia should ber of arms control agreements. Yet rather sively pursue technology transfers from be laid squarely at the feet of President Clin- than enforce these arms control agreements, ton. It is his administration’s inaction and China. In August 1996, the capability to man- the Clinton administration has repeatedly refusal to enforce arms control agreements ufacture M–11 missile or missile components acquiesced, fearing that the imposition of that have allowed the fuse to grow so short. was transferred from China to Pakistan. No sanctions could either strain relations with In November 1992, the United States sanctions. In November 1996, a special indus- China and Russia or potentially hurt U.S. learned that China had transferred M–11 mis- trial furnace and high-tech diagnostic equip- commercial interests in those countries. siles to Pakistan. The Bush administration ment were transferred from China to an un- imposed sanctions for this violation but protected Pakistani nuclear facility. No Now the Clinton administration has an- Clinton waived them a little more than 14 sanctions. Also during 1996, the director of nounced a get-tough policy, threatening to months later. Clearly, the sanctions did not the Central Intelligence Agency issued a re- impose sanctions on India for testing its nu- have the desired effect: Reports during the port stating that China had provided a ‘‘tre- clear weapons. But what about Russia and first half of 1995 indicated that M–11 missiles, mendous variety’’ of technology and assist- China, the two nations that violated inter- additional M–11 missile parts, as well as 5,000 ance for Pakistan’s ballistic missile program national arms agreements? Shouldn’t they ring magnets for Pakistani nuclear enrich- and was the principal supplier of nuclear also be subject to U.S. sanctions for their ment programs were transferred from China. equipment for Pakistan’s program. Again, role in this crisis? Sadly, the Clinton admin- Despite these clear violations, no sanctions the Clinton administration refused to impose istration is likely to ignore the proliferators were imposed. And it gets worse. sanctions. and impose sanctions solely on India. In the Not to be outdone by its sworn foe, India Finally, in recent months we have learned meantime, China and Russia will continue aggressively pursued similar technologies that China may have been responsible for the their proliferation of missile and nuclear and obtained them, illicitly, from Russia. transfer of technology for Pakistan’s Ghauri technology to other nations, including rogue From 1991 to 1995, Russian entities trans- medium-range ballistic missile. Flight tested states such as Iran, Iraq and Syria. ferred cryogenic liquid oxygen-hydrogen on April 6, 1998, the Ghauri missile has been CHRONOLOGY OF CHINESE WEAPONS-RELATED TRANSFERS

Date of transfer or report Reported transfer by China Possible violation Administration’s response

Nov. 1992 ...... M–11 missiles or related equipment to Pakistan (The Administra- MTCR—Arms Export Control Act, Export Administration Act ...... Sanctions imposed on Aug. 24, 1993, for transfers of M–11 re- tion did not officially confirm reports that M–11 missiles are lated equipment (not missiles); waived on Nov. 1, 1994. in Pakistan.). Mid-1994 to mid-1995 ...... Dozens or hundreds of missile guidance systems and computer- MTCR—Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act, Arms Export Control No sanctions. ized machine tools to Iran. Act, Export Administration Act. 2nd quarter of 1995 ...... Parts for the M–11 missile to Pakistan ...... MTCR—Arms Export Control Act, Export Administration Act ...... No sanctions. Dec. 1994 to mid-1995 ...... 5,000 ring magnets for an unsafeguarded nuclear enrichment NPT—Export-Import Bank Act, Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Considered sanctions under the Export-Import Bank Act; but an- program in Pakistan. Act, Arms Export Control Act. nounced on May 10, 1996, that no sanctions would be imposed. July 1995 ...... More than 30 M–11 missiles stored in crates at Sargodha Air MTCR—Arms Export Control Act, Export Administration Act ...... No sanctions. Force Base in Pakistan. Sept. 1995 ...... Calutron (electromagnetic isotope separation system) for uranium NPT—Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act, Export-Import Bank No sanctions. enrichment to Iran. Act, Arms Export Control Act. 1995–1997 ...... C–802 anti-ship cruise missiles and C–801 air-launched cruise Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act ...... No sanctions. missiles to Iran. before Feb. 1996 ...... Dual-use chemical precursors and equipment to Iran’s chemical Arms Export Control Act, Export Administration Act ...... Sanctions imposed on May 21, 1997. weapon program. summer 1996 ...... 400 tons of chemicals to Iran ...... Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act,1 Arms Export Control Act, Ex- No sanctions. port Administration Act. Aug. 1996 ...... Plant to manufacture M–11 missiles or missile components in MTCR—Arms Export Control Act, Export Administration Act ...... No sanctions. Pakistan. Aug. 1996 ...... Gyroscopes, accelerometers, and test equipment for missile guid- MTCR—Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act, Arms Export Control No sanctions. ance to Iran. Act, Export Administration Act. Sept. 1996 ...... Special industrial furnace and high-tech diagnostic equipment to NPT—Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act, Export-Import Bank No sanctions. unsafeguarded nuclear facilities in Pakistan. Act, Arms Export Control Act. July-Dec. 1996 ...... Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) reported ‘‘tremendous vari- MTCR—Arms Export Control Act, Export Administration Act ...... No sanctions. ety’’ of technology and assistance for Pakistan’s ballistic missile program. July-Dec. 1996 ...... DCI reported ‘‘tremendous variety’’ of assistance for Iran’s bal- MTCR—Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act, Arms Export Control No sanctions. listic missile program. Act, Export Administration Act. July-Dec. 1996 ...... DCI reported principal supplies of nuclear equipment, material, NPT—Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act, Export-Import Bank No sanctions. and technology for Pakistan’s nuclear weapon program. Act, Arms Export Administration Act. July-Dec. 1996 ...... DCI reported key supplies of technology for large nuclear projects NPT—Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act, Nuclear Proliferation No sanctions. in Iran. Prevention Act, Export-Import Bank Act, Arms Export Adminis- tration Act. July-Dec. 1996 ...... DCI reported ‘‘considerable’’ chemical weapon-related transfers Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act, Arms Export Control Act, Ex- No sanctions. of production equipment and technology to Iran. port Administration Act. Jan. 1997 ...... Dual-use biological items to Iran ...... BWC—Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act, Arms Export Control No sanctions. Act, Export Administration Act. 1997 ...... Chemical precursors, production equipment, and production tech- Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act, Arms Export Control Act, Ex- No sanctions. nology for Iran’s chemical weapon program, including a plant port Administration Act. for making glass-lined equipment. Sept. to Dec. 1997 ...... China Great Wall Industry Corp. provided telemetry equipment MTCR—Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act, Arms Export Control No sanctions. used in flight-tests to Iran for its development of the Shahab- Act, Export Administration Act. 3 and Shahab-4 medium range ballistic missiles. Nov. 1997/April 1998 ...... May have transferred technology for Pakistan’s Ghauri medium- MTCR—Arms Export Control Act, Export Administration Act ...... No sanctions. range ballistic missile that was flight-tested on April 6, 1998. 1 Additional provisions on chemical, biological or nuclear weapons were not enacted until February 10, 1996. BWC: Biological Weapons Convention; MTCR: Missile Technology Control Regime; and NPT: Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.

CHRONOLOGY OF SUSPECTED RUSSIAN WEAPONS-RELATED TRANSFERS

Reported Russian transfers that may have violated a regime or Date of transfer or report law Possibly applicable treaties, regimes, and/or U.S. laws Administration’s response

early 1990s ...... Russians sold drawings of a sarin plant, manufacturing proce- AECA sec. 81, EAA sec. 11C ...... No publicly known sanction. dures, and toxic agents to a Japanese terrorist group. 1991 ...... Transferred to China three RD–120 rocket engines and electronic MTCR, AECA sec. 73, EAA sec. 11B ...... No publicly known sanction. equipment to improve accuracy of ballistic missiles. 1991–1995 ...... Transferred Cryogenic liquid oxygen/hydrogen rocket engines and MTCR, AECA sec. 73, EAA sec. 11B ...... Sanctions against Russia and India under AECA and EAA im- technology to India. posed on May 6, 1992; expired after 2 years. 1992–1995 ...... Russian transfers to Brazil of carbon-fiber technology for rocket MTCR, AECA sec. 73, EAA sec. 11B ...... Sanctions reportedly secretly imposed and waived. motor cases for space launch program. 1992–1996 ...... Russian armed forces delivered 24 Scud-B missiles and 8 MTCR, AECA sec. 73, EAA sec. 11B ...... No publicly known sanction. launchers to Armenia.

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Reported Russian transfers that may have violated a regime or Date of transfer or report law Possibly applicable treaties, regimes, and/or U.S. laws Administration’s response

June 1993 ...... Additional Russian enterprises involved in missile technology MTCR, AECA sec. 73, EAA sec. 11B ...... Sanctions imposed on June 16, 1993 and waived until July 15, transfers to India. 1993; no publicly known follow-up sanction. 1995-present ...... Construction of 1,000 megawatt nuclear reactor at Bushehr in IIANPA sec. 1604 and 1605, FOAA, NPPA sec. 821, FAA sec. 620G Refused to renew some civilian nuclear cooperation agreements; Iran. waived sanctions on aid. Aug. 1995 ...... Russian assistance to Iran to develop biological weapons ...... BWC, AECA sec. 81, EAA sec. 11C, IIANPA sec. 1604 and 1605, No publicly known sanction. FAA sec. 620G and 620H. Nov. 1995 ...... Russian citizen transferred to unnamed country technology for AECA sec. 81, EAA sec. 11C ...... Sanctions imposed on Nov. 17, 1995. making chemical weapons. Dec. 1995 ...... Russian gyroscopes from submarine launched ballistic missiles United Nations Sanctions, MTCR, AECA sec. 73, EAA sec. 11B, No publicly known sanction. smuggled to Iraq through middlemen. IIANPA sec. 1604 and 1605, FAA sec. 620G and 620H. July-Dec. 1996 ...... DCI reported Russia transferred to Iran ‘‘a variety’’ of items re- MTCR, AECA sec. 73, EAA sec. 11B, FAA sec. 620G and 620H, No publicly known sanction. lated to ballistic missiles. IIANPA sec. 1604 and 1605, FOAA. Nov. 1996 ...... Israel reported Russian assistance to Syria to build a chemical AECA sec. 81, EAA sec. 11C, FAA sec. 620G and 620H ...... No publicly known sanction. weapon plant. 1996–1997 ...... Delivered 3 Kilo diesel-electric submarines to Iran ...... IIANPA sec. 1604 and 1605, FAA sec. 620G and 620H ...... No publicly known sanction. Jan.-Feb. 1997 ...... Russia transferred detailed instructions to Iran on production of MTCR, AECA sec. 73, EAA sec. 11B, FAA sec. 620G and 620H, No publicly known sanction. the SS–4 medium-range missile and related parts. IIANPA sec. 1604 and 1605, FOAA. April 1997 ...... Sale of S–300 anti-aircraft/anti-missile missile system to Iran to IIANPA sec. 1604 and 1605, FAA sec. 620G and 620H ...... No publicly known sanction. protect nuclear reactors at Bushehr and other strategic sites. Oct. 1997 ...... Israeli intelligence reported Russian technology transfers for Ira- MTCR, AECA sec. 73, EAA sec. 11B, IIANPA sec. 1604 and 1605, No publicly known sanction. nian missiles developed with ranges between 1,300 and FAA sec. 620G and 620H, FOAA. 10,000 km. Transfers include engines and guidance systems. Regimes: BWC: Biological Weapons Convention; and MTCR: Missile Technology Control Regime. U.S. Laws: AECA: Arms Export Control Act; EAA: Export Administration Act; FAA: Foreign Assistance Act; FOAA: Foreign Operations Appropriations Act; IIANPA: Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation Act; and NPPA: Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act.

Mr. Speaker, during the 1990s, I like the one I have in front of me that Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 would remind my colleagues, 37 times General Alexander Lebed told my dele- minutes to the distinguished gen- we had evidence of China and Russia gation in 1997 that they built? And the tleman from Kentucky (Mr. LEWIS). transferring weapon technology to previous administration when it be- Mr. LEWIS of Kentucky. Mr. Speak- Hussein. Every one of those should came public said, we deny the Russians er, I rise in support of the resolution. have required a response, should have ever built them. As I have listened to this thorough de- required sanctions. The previous ad- The previous administration sided bate and thought about the resolution ministration imposed sanctions a total with the Russian Ministry of Foreign we are about to vote on, it seems to me of four times out of 37. In nine of those Affairs and said we have no reason to the Persian Gulf War has never really cases, it was chemical and biological doubt them, even though two top Rus- ended. In 1991 Saddam Hussein agreed weapon technology, the very tech- sian leaders said there was reason to to a conditional surrender. He has not nology today that we are worried believe 80 of these devices were miss- met the conditions of his surrender. about. We saw it being transferred, and ing. Iraq is still fighting, and we need to re- we did nothing about it. In fact, only in The reason why we have to support spond. two of those nine cases did we impose the President is because the failures of I have heard some of my colleagues the required sanctions. our policies in the past decade have say that use of force against Iraq would Mr. Speaker, we have evidence which given Saddam Hussein biological and be a preemptive strike. I disagree. In I will submit in the RECORD also of chemical weapon capability, nuclear 1991 Saddam Hussein said Iraq would Iraq’s policy on their defense system weapon capability, missile capability, comply with all United Nations resolu- and offensive capabilities, both a 1984 none of which should have occurred tions. Iraq has not done so. Iraq agreed document and a 1987 document. In the during the 1990s if we would have en- to eliminate nuclear, chemical and bio- document Saddam’s military talks forced the very arms control agree- logical weapons programs. Today Iraq about the use of chemical and biologi- ments that the other side now talks still has weapons of mass destruction cal weapons. about. Thirty-seven times we had evi- In President Bush’s speech this past and the will to use them. dence, nine cases of chemical and bio- week he said, ‘‘All that might be re- Hussein agreed to allow unfettered logical weapons going from Russian quired of Saddam are a small container weapons inspection in this country. and China to Iraq. And what did we do? and one terrorist or Iraqi intelligence However, Iraq has done everything pos- We went like this and like that. And operative to deliver it.’’ sible to obstruct those inspections. Well, here it is. Mr. Speaker, this is now we are faced with the consequence. Iraq pledged to keep planes out of the a biological disbursing device. You can So what President Bush has said is no-fly zone. In the past few years, his build it for less than $100. If I would not we must stand up and we must show pilots have fired on U.S. and British offend the Parliamentarian, I would the world that we will not tolerate troops 1,600 times. They have shot at us turn it on and you would have a plume what went on in the 1990s. We will not 460 times this year alone. in this room. If you put that device in sit back and allow 37 violations to go Iraq continues to be a threat to the the Metro station subway in D.C. and unchecked. We will not pretend we do area. In 1993 Iraqi troops moved toward activate it, based on a study by the Of- not see them because we want to keep the Kuwaiti border. Iraqi planes con- fice of Technology Assessment, you Yeltsen in power. We will not pretend tinued to fly in the no-fly zone. When would have 150,000 people in the D.C. we do not want to see them because we Iraq banned U.N. inspections in 1998, commuter system killed by the disper- want to protect the financial interests President Clinton responded by launch- sion of 4.5 kilograms of anthrax. of the PLA for our fund-raising pur- ing missiles into the country. Just like we saw back in the 1990s poses. We should have done this during the when we had evidence that Russian en- b 1730 tities transferred these devices, a So- 1990s, but we did not. I say to my col- viet accelerometer and a Soviet gyro- leagues, support this resolution. Give Was that a preemptive strike? Along scope, which the previous administra- the President a unanimous voice that with the British, we dropped more than tion did nothing about, never imposed says to the U.N., we will act to finally 600 bombs on Iraqi military targets. We the required sanctions. Now we have to do what we did not do in the 1990s, and have continued strikes against Iraq air pay the price. that is enforce the requirements of the defense installations and in response to Does Saddam have chemical and bio- six resolutions that were passed back Iraq shots at our planes in the no-fly logical weapons? Absolutely. Where did then. zone. he get it from? He got it from those 37 And if my colleagues want to see Iraq must be held to the conditions it transfers that we knew about that are what a biological disbursement weapon agreed to. This Congress authorized ac- now in the record that we did nothing looks like, come see me. I will activate tion to bring Iraq into compliance in about. Does he have a nuclear weapon it for them in the cloak room. 1998. We must do so again. Until Iraq

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00078 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7383 complies with the terms of its condi- Mr. Speaker, our vote this week will be Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I thank the tional surrender, there has been no sur- whether or not to authorize the President of gentleman for yielding me this time, render. The Persian Gulf War is ongo- the United States to use necessary and appro- and I join the gentleman from Cali- ing. priate force to defend the national security of fornia and associate myself with his re- Further, U.S. action against Iraq is the United States against the continuing threat marks. I would hope my friend, the not a preemptive strike, but is our re- posed by Iraq. I would like to emphatically gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. sponsibility to bring Saddam Hussein’s state that no decision weighs heavier on the WELDON), who I believe is right on this continued plotting of his international mind of a President, or a Member of Con- issue, would refrain from politicizing. obligations to an end. President Bush gress, than the decision to send our men and If there is blame to go around, there is wants the commitment that Congress women of the Armed Forces into action. certainly enough blame to go around stands with him in dealing with Iraq. And I want to thank the President for work- here in this town today, yesterday, and I urge that Congress stand with ing hard to make the case for possible—and even a few days ago. President Bush and support the resolu- I want my colleagues and the public to under- After careful consideration, Mr. tion to finally end the Gulf War once stand this—possible action against Iraq. The Speaker, I rise in support of this reso- and for all. President stated last night that he hopes mili- lution. This vote is the most important Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 tary action is not required. Iraq can avoid con- and difficult one I have cast since com- minutes to the distinguished gen- flict by adhering to the security resolutions re- ing to Congress some 6 years ago. I sin- tleman from Florida (Mr. STEARNS). quiring ‘‘declaring and destroying all of its cerely hope, as I imagine most of my (Mr. STEARNS asked and was given colleagues do, that we will never have permission to revise and extend his re- weapons of mass destruction, ending support for terrorism and ceasing the persecution of its to cast another one like it. marks.) I have listened carefully to the con- Mr. STEARNS. Mr. Speaker, I rise in civilian population. And, it must release or ac- cerns and objections of many of my support of the resolution, but we are count for all gulf war personnel, including an colleagues and constituents; and hav- engaged in debating the most difficult American pilot, whose fate is still unknown.’’ ing never served in the Armed Forces, decision that Members of Congress are To quote a recent article from the ‘‘Weekly I have sought the counsel of those who called upon to make. Standard’’: Notwithstanding that, Saddam Hus- There are, of course, many repugnant dic- have. I have reviewed the available in- sein is uniquely evil, the only ruler in tators in the world; a dozen or so in the Mid- telligence about the threat from Iraq power today, and the first one since dle East alone. But Saddam Hussein is a fig- and weighed the risk of a potential Hitler, to commit chemical genocide. I ure of singular repugnance, and singular dan- conflict with Iraq in the context of our ger. To review: There is no dictator in power ongoing war on terrorism; and I have believe there is reason for the long anywhere in the world who has, so far in his term to remove him from power. This reached the conclusion, as many have, career, invaded two neighboring countries; that the risk of inaction and delay far resolution is the first step. fired ballistic missiles at the civilians of two My colleagues, remember that Israel other neighboring countries; tried to have outweigh the risk of action. absorbed the world’s hatred and scorn assassinated an ex-president of the United Saddam Hussein has stockpiled for its attack on and destruction of States; harbored al-Qaida fugitives . . . at- chemical and biological weapons, as all Iraq’s Osirak nuclear reactor in 1981. tacked the soldiers of an enemy country have mentioned today, and is seeking Today it is accepted by most arms con- with chemical weapons; conducted biological the means to deliver them, if he does trol experts that had Israel not de- weapons experiments on human subjects; not already have the capacity now. He stroyed Osirak, Hussein’s Iraq would committee genocide; and there is, of course, is developing missile delivery systems the matter of the weaponized aflatoxin, a that could threaten American citizens, have had nuclear power by 1990, when tool of mass murder and nothing else. his forces pillaged their way through service members, and our own allies in Kuwait. And lastly, my colleagues, President Bush is the region. But in today’s world, a We can see on this chart all the reso- not alone in calling for a regime change. Con- sworn enemy of America does not need lutions that were passed and that Sad- gress made the need for regime change clear a missile to deliver weapons of mass dam Hussein did not comply with. In in 1998 with the passage of the Iraq Liberation destruction. All he needs is a suitcase, fact, there were 12 immediately after Act. The congress specifically stated ‘‘It should a small plane, a cargo ship, or a single the war; 35 after those 12. All together, be the policy of the United States to support suicidal terrorist. 47 resolutions, of which he scarcely efforts to remove the regime headed by Sad- The most compelling case for action, complied. dam Hussein from power in Iraq and to pro- however, Mr. Speaker, is the nuclear Now, let us take the resolution on mote the emergence of a democratic govern- threat. Let us be clear. We do not have this chart, which is 687, governing the ment to replace that regime.’’ In that legisla- the intelligence suggesting that an im- cease-fire in 1991. It required that Iraq tion we also called upon the United Nations to minent nuclear threat is upon us. I unconditionally accept the destruction, establish an international criminal tribunal to would urge Secretary Rumsfeld to removal or rendering harmless its prosecute Saddam Hussein and those in his cease suggesting to Americans that chemical and biological weapons. With- regime for crimes against humanity and crimi- there is some connection between Sad- in 15 days after the passage of the reso- nal violation of international law. dam Hussein and al Qaeda unless he lution, Iraq was to have provided the Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield has evidence to present to this Con- locations, the amounts, and types of myself 30 seconds to respond to the gress and to this public. those specified items. Over a decade comments made by the gentleman What we do have evidence of is that later, we still have little information from Pennsylvania (Mr. WELDON), who Saddam Hussein continues to desire to on that. pointed out that our actions against obtain a nuclear weapon. And we know That is why I applaud President Bush Saddam during the 1990s were not as that should he obtain the raw mate- for taking his case to the United Na- aggressive as they should have been. rials, which may be available to him in tions and placing the burden of action I would point out that we were also any number of ways, he could build a upon the organization to enforce its not aggressive until September 11 of nuclear bomb in less than a year. The own resolutions passed on Iraq. We owe the prior year. Both administrations Iraqi regime’s efforts to obtain nuclear diplomacy and peaceful opportunities failed to grasp the importance of Sad- weapons are coupled with the reckless- the due diligence necessary to rid this dam Hussein’s weapons program until ness of the Iraqi dictator. We know despotic regime of weapons of mass de- September 11 of last year. that Saddam is capable of murder and struction and terrorism sponsorship. I would also point out that when the untold cruelty. We know that Saddam However, if the U.S. is not credible in prior administration did take military is capable of aggression and also capa- alternatives for noncompliance, we will action against Saddam Hussein, it did ble of miscalculating his adversary’s again be at the crossroads asking the not receive the level of support and response to his aggression. same question: If not now, when? unified support that it should have. Weapons of mass destruction in the Let us move forward with this resolu- Mr. Speaker, I yield 51⁄2 minutes to hands of a cruel, reckless, and mis- tion, develop a consensus, and work to- the extremely distinguished and guided dictator pose a clear and gether with other nations to remove thoughtful gentleman from Tennessee present danger to our security. I could this evil dictator. (Mr. FORD). not vote to authorize military action

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00079 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 abroad if I did not believe that Saddam War is the last outcome that I want, organizations, including the Palestine Hussein poses a growing threat to our and the last outcome I believe the Liberation Front, which is known for security, one that will not recede just President wants; but when America’s its attacks on Israel, including one on because we hope it goes away. That is national security is at stake, the world the Achille Lauro ship that killed the why I support giving the President the must know that we are prepared to de- United States citizen, Leon authority to achieve our fundamental fend our Nation from tyrants and from Klinghoffer. goal: disarming the Iraqi regime of all terrorists. With that, I ask every Mem- My colleagues, the time to act is weapons of mass destruction. ber of Congress to support this resolu- now. If we could just think for a As we consider this resolution, every tion supporting our President and sup- minute what the price of action is Member should read it carefully so we porting our Nation. versus inaction. Had Todd Beamer and do not mischaracterize what we are Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 the other passengers of Flight 93 elect- voting on here today. So what is this minutes to the distinguished gen- ed a course of inaction on September resolution for? First, it is a resolution tleman from Georgia (Mr. KINGSTON). 11, the price would have been signifi- stating Congress’ support for our diplo- Mr. KINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, I cantly different for particularly those matic efforts. This resolution must not thank the gentleman for yielding me of us in this building. This is a time be taken as an endorsement of this time, and I stand in support of that calls for action. And in the great unilateralism. It explicitly affirms Joint Resolution 114. words of Todd Beamer, let me close Congress’ support for the President’s Mr. Speaker, the way I see it is this with this: ‘‘Let’s roll.’’ efforts to work through the U.N. Secu- way. Let us just say, hypothetically, if It is time to do something. Let us rity Council to address Iraq’s ‘‘delay, it was August 2001, and I stood before pass this resolution. evasion and noncompliance.’’ It calls this House and said, listen, there is a Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of for prompt and decisive action by the guy out there named Osama bin Laden House Joint Resolution 114, Authorizing the U.N. Security Council to enforce its who is associated with a terrorist Use of Military Force Against Iraq. own mandates on Iraq. group named al Qaeda, and this ter- Here’s how I view the situation: Suppose Second, this resolution is not a dec- rorist group has found safe haven in- last August (2001), I gave a speech announc- laration of war. The resolution forces side the corrupt Taliban government of ing, ‘‘There’s a guy named Osama Bin Laden the President to affirm that all diplo- Afghanistan. And, my colleagues, I who is involved in a terrorist group called Al matic and peaceful means have proven think we should do something about it Quida, which has found a safe haven and inadequate to protect our Nation’s se- because our intelligence is not nec- training opportunities inside the corrupt curity. This gives the President the essarily absolute, but this guy is up to Taliban government of Afghanistan. Bin Laden flexibility to dangle a stick with that no good and we need to strike before he and his terrorist allies probably were involved carrot. strikes us. in the 1993 bombing of the WTC, the bombing At the same time, it affirms that Now, if I had said that in August of of the USS Cole in Yemen, and the bombing military action must be used only as a 2001, people would have said, that war of our embassies in Africa. We know Bin last resort. If it were up to some of us monger, that jingoistic guy from Geor- Laden hates America and it is likely his group in this Congress, we would have done it gia. What is he talking about? Yet be- will attack our country in the future. Therefore another way, perhaps building inter- fore September 11, would it not have we need to eliminate him. I suggest we start national support before coming to Con- been nice if we could have had that bombing his hideouts in Afghanistan imme- gress, but this President chose to do it speech and maybe prevented the trag- diately.’’ another way. edy of September 11? Had I given that speech, I would have been Third, the resolution more defines Well, here we are. We know Saddam laughed at and called a warmonger, even our purpose in authorizing the use of Hussein has violated treaty after trea- though action against Al Quida in August 2001 force. The use of force has two clearly ty which happened after Desert Storm, could have saved thousands of lives in both defined purposes: one, to defend the na- starting with U.N. Resolution 660, U.N. America and Afghanistan. But this, in fact, is tional security of the United States Resolution 678, U.N. Resolution 686, 687, our situation today. Saddam Hussein hates us. against the continuing threat posed by 688, 701, all of them. In fact, 16 total of He harbors terrorist groups, possesses chem- Iraq; and, two, to enforce all relevant very significant matters going back to ical and biological weapons, and may become United Nations Security Council reso- Resolution 660. All of them violated, nuclear capable in a short period of time. lutions regarding Iraq. Mr. Speaker. America traditionally does not do preemptive Unlike the White House’s draft lan- And then here is the situation with strikes, but the events of September 11th guage, the resolution carefully limits the weapons. We know that they have change everything. Americans will not tolerate its authorization to Iraq and only Iraq. VX. It is a sticky, colorless liquid that the threat of another horrific attack against the And it is clear that our purpose is to interferes with nerve impulses of the United States. Although no American desires protect against the threat to the body, causes convulsions and paralysis. a war, the best way to ensure Hassein’s com- United States. This resolution author- U.N. inspectors estimate that Iraq has pliance with UN resolutions, and reduce the izes military action to disarm Iraq but the means to make 200 tons of VX. threat he poses to our national security, is for does not mention regime change. The Sarin Gas. And, of course, we know Congress to confirm the United State’s willing- goal is Iraq’s disarmament and full that it causes convulsions and paral- ness to use force if necessary. compliance with U.N. mandates. ysis as well. It was used in a small Mr. Speaker, let me give you an account of I applaud Leader GEPHARDT and oth- quantity in a Tokyo subway in 1995. all the reasons why I support this resolution. ers, including Republicans and Demo- Again, inspectors estimate that they The whole world knows that Saddam Hus- crats in the Senate, for helping to ne- have maybe as high as 800 tons of sarin sein has repeatedly violated all 16 of the gotiate such language. gas. It goes on. Mustard gas, anthrax, United Nations Security Council Resolutions Although I strongly support the and other great worrisome chemical (UNSCRs) for more than a decade. These vio- President in addressing the threat from and biological weapons in their stock- lations should not be taken lightly and are Iraq, I believe the President must be pile. We also know that he is trying to worthy of review. The list is substantial: more candid with us and the American become nuclear capable. UNSCR 678—NOVEMBER 29, 1990—VIOLATED people about the long-term commit- Finally comes the question of ter- Iraq must comply fully with UNSCR 660 (re- ment that is going to be needed in Iraq. rorism. We know that the State De- garding Iraq’s illegal invasion of Kuwait) ‘‘and It has been a year since we began the partment has designated Iraq as a state all subsequent relevant resolutions.’’ campaign in Afghanistan; and our ef- that sponsors international terrorism. Authorizes U.N. Member States ‘‘to use all forts there politically, economically, We know that they shelter the Abu necessary means to uphold and implement and militarily are nowhere close to Nidal terrorist organization that has resolution 660 and all subsequent relevant concluding. I visited Afghanistan in carried out terrorist attacks in 20 dif- resolutions and to restore international peace February and March and witnessed ferent countries and killed over 900 and security in the area.’’ firsthand how fragile the peace is people. UNSCR 686—MARCH 2, 1991—VIOLATED there. It will take years to forge sta- We also know that Iraq shelters sev- Iraq must release prisoners detained during bility in Afghanistan and years in Iraq. eral prominent terrorist Palestinian the Gulf War.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00080 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7385 Iraq must return Kuwaiti property seized UNSCR 949—OCTOBER 15, 1994—VIOLATED spectors as ‘‘a flagrant violation’’ of UNSCR during the Gulf War. ‘‘Condemns’’ Iraq’s recent military deploy- 687 and other resolutions. Iraq must accept liability under international ments toward Kuwait. Iraq must provide ‘‘immediate, complete and law for damages from its illegal invasion of Iraq must not utilize its military or other unconditional cooperation’’ with U.N. and IAEA Kuwait. forces in a hostile manner to threaten its inspectors. UNSCR 687—APRIL 3, 1991—VIOLATED neighbors or U.N. operations in Iraq. UNSCR 1284—DECEMBER 17, 1998—VIOLATED Iraq must ‘‘unconditionally accept’’ the de- Iraq must cooperate fully with U.N. weapons Created the United Nations Monitoring, struction, removal or rendering harmless inspectors. Verification and Inspections Commission ‘‘under international supervision’’ of all ‘‘chem- Iraq must not enhance its military capability (UNMOVIC) to replace previous weapon in- ical and biological weapons and all stocks of in southern Iraq. spection team (UNSCOM). agents and all related subsystems and compo- UNSCR 1051—MARCH 27 19961—VIOLATED Iraq must allow UNMOVIC ‘‘immediate, un- nents and all research, development, support Iraq must report shipments of dual-use conditional and unrestricted access’’ to Iraqi and manufacturing facilities.’’ items related to weapons of mass destruction officials and facilities. Iraq must ‘‘unconditionally agree not to ac- to the U.N. and IAEA. Iraq must fulfill its commitment to return Gulf quire or develop nuclear weapons or nuclear- Iraq must cooperate fully with U.N. and War prisoners. weapons-usable material’’ or any research, IAEA inspectors and allow immediate, uncon- Calls on Iraq to distribute humanitarian development or manufacturing facilities. ditional and unrestricted access. goods and medical supplies to its people and Iraq must ‘‘unconditionally accept’’ the de- UNSCR 1060—JUNE 12, 1996—VIOLATED address the needs of vulnerable Iraqis without struction, removal or rendering harmless ‘‘Deplores’’ Iraq’s refusal to allow access to discrimination. ‘‘under international supervision’’ of all ‘‘bal- U.N. inspectors and Iraq’s ‘‘clear violations’’ of While all these violations are extremely seri- listic missiles with a range greater than 150 previous U.N. resolutions. ous, there are 3 or 4 items that stand out in KM and related major parts and repair and Iraq must cooperate fully with U.N. weapons my mind. production facilities.’’ inspectors and allow immediate, unconditional His blatant refusal to allow U.N. weapons in- Iraq must not ‘‘use, develop, construct or and unrestricted access. spectors to oversee the destruction of his weapons of mass destruction. acquire’’ any weapons of mass destruction. UNSCR 1115—JUNE 21, 1997—VIOLATED Iraq must reaffirm its obligations under the His continued development of new biological ‘‘Condemns repeated refusal of Iraqi au- and chemical weapons. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. thorities to allow access’’ to U.N. inspectors, Creates the United Nations Special Com- His continued pursuit of nuclear weapons, which constitutes a ‘‘clear and flagrant viola- and mission (UNSCOM) to verify the elimination of tion’’ of UNSCR 687, 707, 715, and 1060. Iraq’s chemical and biological weapons pro- His support and harboring of terrorist organi- Iraq must cooperate fully with U.N. weapons zations inside Iraq (including Al Quida). grams and mandated that the International inspectors and allow immediate, unconditional Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) verify elimi- Mr. Speaker, some people have said, ‘‘why and unrestricted access. are we doing this now?’’ They say there is no nation of Iraq’s nuclear weapons program. Iraq must give immediate, unconditional and Iraq must declare fully its weapons of mass ‘‘clear and present danger.’’ I don’t know how unrestricted access to Iraqi officials whom much clearer it has to be. The facts of the destruction programs. U.N. inspectors want to interview. Iraq must not commit or support terrorism, matter are documented, and undoubtedly pose or allow terrorist organizations to operate in UNSCR 1134—OCTOBER 23, 1997—VIOLATED a clear and present danger to our national se- Iraq. ‘‘Condemns repeated refusal of Iraqi au- curity. Iraq must cooperate in accounting for the thorities to allow access’’ to U.N. inspectors, Documented U.N. weapons inspector re- missing and dead Kuwaitis and others. which constitutes a ‘‘flagrant violation’’ of ports show that Iraq continually deceived the Iraq must return Kuwaiti property seized UNSCR 687, 707, 715, and 1060. inspectors and never provided definitive proof during the Gulf War. Iraq must cooperate fully with U.N. weapons that they destroyed their stockpiles of biologi- inspectors and allow immediate, unconditional cal and chemical weapons. UNSCR 688—APRIL 5, 1991—VIOLATED and unrestricted access. Iraq has admitted producing the world’s ‘‘Condemns’’ repression of Iraqi civilian pop- Iraq must give immediate, unconditional and most dangerous biological and chemical ulation, ‘‘the consequences of which threaten unrestricted access to Iraqi officials whom weapons, but refuses to give proof that they international peace and security.’’ U.N. inspectors want to interview. destroyed them. Examples of Iraq’s chemical Iraq must immediately end repression of its weapons include VX, Sarin Gas and Mustard civilian population. UNSCR 1137—NOVEMBER 12, 1997—VIOLATED Gas. Iraq must allow immediate access to inter- ‘‘Condemns the continued violations by VX, the most toxic of chemical weapons, is national humanitarian organizations to those in Iraq’’ of previous U.N. resolutions, including its a sticky, colorless liquid that interferes with the need of assistance. ‘‘implicit threat to the safety of’’ aircraft oper- ated by U.N. inspectors and its tampering with body’s nerve impulses, causing convulsions UNSCR 707—AUGUST 15, 1991—VIOLATED U.N. inspector monitoring equipment. and paralysis of the lungs and blood vessels. ‘‘Condemns’’ Iraq’s ‘‘serious violation’’ of Reaffirms Iraq’s responsibility to ensure the Victims essentially chock to death. A dose of UNSCR 687. safety of U.N. inspectors. 10 milligrams on the skin is enough to kill. ‘‘Further condemns’’ Iraq’s noncompliance Iraq must cooperate fully with U.N. weapons Iraq acknowledged making nearly 4 tons of with IAEA and its obligations under the Nu- inspectors and allow immediate, unconditional VX, and ‘‘claimed’’ they destroyed it, but they clear Non-Proliferation Treaty. unrestricted access. never provided any definitive proof. U.N. in- Iraq must halt nuclear activities of all kinds UNSCR 1154—MARCH 2, 1998—VIOLATED spectors estimate that Iraq has the means to until the Security Council deems Iraq in full make more than 200 tons of VX, and Iraq con- Iraq must cooperate fully with U.N. and compliance. tinues to rebuild and expand dual-use facilities IAEA weapons inspectors and allow imme- Iraq must make a full, final and complete that it could quickly adapt to chemical weap- diate, unconditional and unrestricted access, disclosure of all aspects of its weapons of ons production. and notes that any violation would have the mass destruction and missile programs. Sarin gas, a nerve agent like VX, causes ‘‘severest consequences for Iraq.’’ Iraq must allow U.N. and IAEA inspectors convulsions, paralysis and asphyxiation. Even immediate, unconditional and unrestricted ac- UNSCR 1194—SEPTEMBER 9, 1998—VIOLATED a small scale Sarin Gas attack such as the cess. ‘‘Condemns the decision by Iraq of 5 August one used in the Tokyo subway in 1995 can kill Iraq must cease attempts to conceal or 1998 to suspend cooperation’’ with U.N. and and injure vast numbers of people. move weapons of mass destruction, and re- IAEA inspectors, which constitutes ‘‘a totally Iraq acknowledged making approximately lated materials and facilities. unacceptable contravention’’ of its obligations 800 tons of Sarin gas and thousands of rock- Iraq must allow U.N. and IAEA inspectors to under UNSCR 687, 7078, 715, 1060, 1115, ets, artillery shells and bombs containing conduct inspection flights throughout Iraq. and 1154. Sarin, but they have not accounted for hun- Iraq must provide transportation, medical Iraq must cooperate fully with U.N. and dreds of these weapons. Iraq willingly used and logistical support for U.N. and IAEA in- IAEA weapons inspectors, and allow imme- these weapons against Iran during the Iran- spectors. diate, unconditional and unrestricted access. Iraq war, and it also used them against Kurd- UNSCR 715—OCTOBER 11, 1991—VIOLATED UNSCR 1205—NOVEMBER 5, 1998—VIOLATED ish Iraqi civilians. Iraq must cooperate fully with U.N. and ‘‘Condemns the decision by Iraq of 31 Octo- Mustard Gas, a colorless liquid that evapo- IAEA inspectors. ber 1998 to cease cooperation’’ with U.N. in- rates into a gas and begins dissolving upon

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If Hussein complies, our resolution will tons of mustard gas and using the chemical 1985 hijacking of the cruise ship Achille Lauro have worked, but if he does not, then in the during it’s war with Iran, but told U.N. inspec- and murdered U.S. citizen Leo Klinghoffer. words of that brave American Todd Beamer, tors they ‘‘misplaced’’ 550 mustard filled artil- Hussein increased from $10,000 to $25,000 ‘‘Let’s Roll!’’ lery shells after the Gulf war. the money he offers to families of Palestinian b 1745 Examples of Iraq’s biological weapons in- suicide/homicide bombers who blow them- clude Anthrax, Botulimun Toxin and Aflatoxin selves up with belt explosives. Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 Anthrax, as we all know, is a potentially fatal Several former Iraqi military officers have minutes to the gentleman from Penn- bacterium that causes flu like symptoms be- described a highly secret terrorist training facil- sylvania (Mr. ENGLISH). fore filling the lungs with fluid and causing ity in Iraq known as Salman Pak, where both Mr. ENGLISH. Mr. Speaker, in this death. Just a few tiny spores are enough to Iraqis and non-Iraqi Arabs receive training on body our first and highest responsi- cause the deadly infection. hijacking planes and trains, planting explo- bility is protecting our homeland, and Iraq has acknowledged making 2,200 gal- sives in cities, sabotage, and assassinations. that responsibility may from time to lons of anthrax spores—enough to kill millions, And in 1993, the Iraqi Intelligence Service time require us to embrace unpopular but U.N. inspectors determined that Iraq could (IIS) attempted to assassinate former U.S. policies and justify them to our con- have made three times as much. Inspectors President George Bush and the Emir of Ku- stituents when we recognize a tran- say that at least 16 missile warheads filled wait. Kuwaiti authorities thwarted the terrorist scendent danger to our country. with Anthrax are missing, and Iraq is working plot and arrested 17 suspects, led by two Iraqi Mr. Speaker, I realize my vote for to produce the deadlier powdered form of An- nationals. this resolution authorizes a military thrax that could be sprayed from aircraft, put Mr. Speaker, I don’t know how much clearer action that may put at risk thousands into missile warheads, or given to terrorists. it needs to be. The American people will not of American lives in Iraq. However, the Botulimun Toxin, is a poison that is one of understand if we ignore these facts, sit back, tragedies of September 11 have vividly the deadliest substances known to man. Even and wait for the unacceptable possibility of highlighted the danger that inaction in small doses it causes gastrointestinal infec- Saddam Hussein providing a weapon of mass may risk tens, if not hundreds of thou- tion and can quickly advance to paralysis and destruction to a terrorist group for use against sands of innocent American lives here death. A mere 70 billionths of a gram is the United States. at home from terrorism. enough to kill if inhaled. Saddam Hussein was the only world leader This bipartisan resolution was draft- Iraq acknowledged making 2,200 gallons of to fully condone the September 11 attacks on ed in recognition of this fact and, Botulimun Toxin, most of which was put into America. His media even promised the Amer- therefore, presents our President with missile warheads and other munitions. At least ican people that if their government did not the initiative in continuing the global five missile warheads with Botulimun Toxin change its policies toward Iraq, it would suffer war against terrorism. are missing according to U.N. inspectors. even more devastating blows. He has even Mr. Speaker, we know that Saddam Aflatoxin, is a poison that can cause swell- endorsed and encouraged acts of terrorism Hussein, like Osama bin Laden, hates ing of the abdomen, lungs and brain resulting against America. America and has called for the murder in convulsion, coma and death. The case is clear. We know Saddam Hus- of Americans everywhere. We know Iraq acknowledged making more than 520 that Saddam Hussein even in the face gallons of Aflaxtoxin and putting it into missile sein has weapons of mass destruction, we know he harbors terrorists including al-Qaida, of crippling economic sanctions has warheads and bombs. At least four Aflatoxin— found the resources to reconstruct his filled missile warheads are missing according and we know he hates America, so the case against Saddam really isn’t the issue. The chemical and biological weapons pro- to U.N. inspectors. grams, even at great painful expense to It is also a fact (and a clear and present question is what are we going to do about it. his people. danger) that Saddam Hussein continues his Cearly, we must authorize the use of military force against Iraq in case it becomes nec- We know that Saddam Hussein is di- work to develop a nuclear weapon. recting an aggressive program to pro- We know he had an advanced nuclear essary. The President has said that military cure components necessary for building weapons development program before the action is a last resort, and our bipartisan reso- nuclear devices and that he actively Gulf War, and the independent Institute for lution calls for the same tact, but Saddam supports terror in other nations, in- Strategic Studies concluded that Saddam Hus- Hussein must know that America is prepared cluding Israel. So the question before sein could build a nuclear bomb within months to use force if he continues to defy UN Secu- us is, do we wait for Saddam Hussein to if he were able to obtain fissile material. rity Council resolutions and refuses to disarm. We now know that Iraq has embarked on a As the President said, approving this resolu- become a greater threat, or do we ad- worldwide hunt for materials to make an atom- tion does not mean that military action is immi- dress that threat now? ic bomb. In the last 14 months, Iraq has nent or unavoidable. The resolution will tell the CIA Director Tenet has told us in re- sought to buy thousands of specially designed United Nations, and all nations, that America cent days that al Qaeda has sought co- aluminum tubes, which are believed to be in- speaks with one voice and is determined to operation from Iraq. I cannot stand tended for use as components of centrifuges make the demands of the civilized world mean here and trust that Saddam Hussein to enrich uranium. something. Congress will be sending a mes- will not supply al Qaeda and other ter- As if weapons of mass destruction in the sage to Saddam Hussein that his only choice rorist networks with weapons that hands of a ruthless dictator were not enough, is full compliance—and the time remaining for could be used to massacre more Ameri- we now know that Saddam Hussein harbors that choice is limited. cans. On the contrary, we have every terrorist organizations within Iraq. The Speaker, the price of taking action reason to believe that the Iraqi dic- Iraq is one of seven countries that have against this evil dictator may be high, but his- tator would share his growing arsenal been designated by the State Department as tory has shown that the price of inaction is of terror with agents willing to strike ‘‘state sponsors of international terrorism.’’ even higher. Had Todd Beamer and the pas- at the United States. UNSUR 687 prohibits Saddam Hussein from sengers of flight 93 elected a course of inac- With this in mind, and given other committing or supporting terrorism, or allowing tion on September 11th, the price may have revelations from captured members of terrorist organizations to operate in Iraq. Sad- been far higher for those of us in this building. al Qaeda, it is clear that time is not on dam continues to violate these UNSUR provi- There comes a time when we must take ac- our side. That is why I support this bal- sions. tion. A time when we must risk lives in order anced and nuanced resolution pro- Iraq shelters the Abu Nidal Terrorist Organi- to save lives. This resolution authorizes action, viding our President with the powerful zation that has carried out terrorist attacks in if necessary, to protect America. backing of Congress in an effort to dis- twenty countries, killing or injuring almost 900 Mr. Speaker, I am confident that I speak for arm Iraq. It is my sincere hope that people. These terrorists have offices in Bagh- every member of this House when I say I this resolution will stimulate intrusive dad and received training, logistical assist- hope we can avoid war & that Saddam Hus- and decisive action by the United Na- ance, and financial aid from the government of sein will allow unfettered access to all sites tions and at the same time lead to a Iraq. and willingly disarm. But if he does not, then full disarmament of Saddam Hussein. Iraq also shelters several prominent Pales- the Congress will have done its duty and But if it does not, the United States of tinian terrorist organizations in Baghdad, in- given the President the authority he needs to America must stand willing to act in

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But, unfortunately, that is day and today, but as one of the many Speaker, the vote we are debating not what this resolution says. This res- cosponsors of House Joint Resolution today will be the most significant vote olution is weak at best on exhausting 114, I do rise in support of this resolu- that we cast during this Congress and the diplomatic options and relin- tion to authorize the use of United perhaps during our entire careers. I say quishes to the executive branch Con- States military force against Saddam that for two reasons. gress’ constitutional charge to declare Hussein’s regime. First, this vote may very well send war. I believe that is wrong. Much like the first hours and days our American soldiers into what has We must address the potential danger after September 11, the world, our been called on this floor ‘‘harm’s way.’’ presented by Saddam Hussein. The first friends and our foes, wondered how Make no mistake about it, it is impor- step should be the return of the U.N. would the United States respond to tant to note that is a very nice and weapons inspectors; and they must that attack on our Nation? They want- sanitary way of saying that our sol- have unrestricted and unfettered ac- ed to know if we as a Nation would fol- diers will be going to war. They will cess to every square inch of Iraq, in- low through with a serious response to face combat conditions that our forces cluding the many presidential palaces. bring the terrorists to justice. They have not seen during most of our life- We must then work with the Security wanted to see if we would respond with times. According to the military ex- Council to ensure the strictest stand- a token strike, as we did following the perts and the generals I have heard ards, protocols, and modalities are in attack on U.S. troops in Somalia, at from, the casualty rates may be high. place to make certain that Hussein Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia, If, as some expect, Saddam Hussein cannot weasel out of any of these in- against our embassies in Kenya and uses chemical and biological weapons spections. Tanzania, and in the attack on our to defend Baghdad, the results will be Finally, we need to amass the allied sailors aboard the USS Cole. The world horrifying. support necessary to carry out the in- watched. Our credibility was at stake. Mr. Speaker, I have been in combat; spections in a manner that will guar- Before joining us, many of our friends and I am not willing to vote to send an- antee Iraq is completely stripped of all were waiting to see if we were serious other soldier to war without clear and weapons of mass destruction and left this time. Our enemies were not con- convincing evidence that America or unable to pursue new weapons of this cerned because they believed they our allies are in immediate danger and type. could absorb another token response, not without the backup and support of We had great success in building a as they had in past years. allied forces. coalition to fight terrorism, and we But the message became clear just 3 The President delivered a good should do no less when it comes to dis- days after September 11. A response speech on Monday evening. I agree arming Saddam Hussein. We must re- was certain when Congress, with a with him that Saddam Hussein is a spect international order and inter- strong bipartisan vote, stood and ruthless dictator and that he is trying national law in our efforts to make unanimously approved a $40 billion to build an arsenal of weapons of mass this world a safer place. emergency supplemental appropria- destruction. However, he showed us no With our military might, we can eas- tions bill to allow the President of the link between Iraq and September 11, ily gain superiority over anyone in the United States to lead not only a recov- nor did he produce any evidence that world. However, it takes more than ery effort in those parts of our country even suggests that America or our al- military might to prevail in a way that that were attacked in New York City lies are in immediate danger. provides hope and prosperity, two in- and at the Pentagon but to pursue the This morning we learned from the gredients that make it less likely for war against the Taliban and against al CIA that Saddam Hussein is unlikely terrorism to breed and impossible for Qaeda and against any terrorist, wher- to use chemical or biological weapons repressive dictators to rule. ever they might be hiding. It was to if unprovoked by a U.S. military cam- Mr. Speaker, if it is the decision of fund the war against terrorism, wher- paign. Most alarming about that news this Congress to go to war, I will sup- ever they were waiting to attack again. today is the report concludes by saying port our troops 1,000 percent. However, When Congress spoke, almost imme- that, if we attack, the likelihood of I saw Baghdad and I know fighting a diately, with unity and with force, our him using weapons of mass destruction war there will be ugly and casualties friends knew we were serious this time, to respond would be ‘‘pretty high.’’ may be extremely high. Let us exhaust and it was with confidence that they Second, this vote is a radical depar- the diplomatic options, return the joined our cause. And our enemies ture from the foreign policy doctrine weapons inspectors, continue to build knew right away that America was se- that has served us honorably for the an international coalition so Saddam rious; and when President Bush said past 200 years. This radical departure Hussein sees the world, not just the what it was we were going to do, they to an unprovoked, preemptive first- U.S. at the end of the gun. By doing knew that we had the resolve to fight strike policy creates what I believe this, we can avoid sending our soldiers the battle, no matter how long it would will be a grave new world. This new into combat in Baghdad unless it is ab- take or where it would lead. foreign policy doctrine will set an solutely the last option. Today, we are in a similar situation. international precedent that tells the Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield There is no question about the threat world, if they think their neighbor is a such time as he may consume to the to our Nation from Saddam Hussein’s threat, attack them. gentleman from Florida (Mr. YOUNG), regime, to our allies, and to world This, I believe, is precisely the wrong chairman of the Committee on Appro- peace. As has been pointed out here message for the greatest Nation, the priations. many times today, he has defied one only true superpower Nation and the Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, United Nations resolution after an- most wonderful democracy our planet I rise in support of the resolution. other for more than a decade. has known, to send to Russia and Mr. Speaker, voting to authorize Remember, he lost the war. He lost Chechnya, to India and Pakistan, to sending young Americans to war is a the war in Desert Storm, and he signed China and Taiwan, and to whomever serious decision. Members will make up to certain rules and regulations else is listening. And one thing we that decision in this Chamber tomor- which go along with losing a war, and know, everyone is listening. row. he has ignored all of them. He has de- For these two reasons, I cannot sup- Yesterday and today we have heard veloped and stockpiled chemical and port a resolution that does not first re- very impressive debate, most of which biological weapons. We know that he is quire that all diplomatic options be ex- favors the resolution; some did not. We seeking nuclear weapons. We know

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00083 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 that he has aided and abetted terror- the President’s efforts to obtain The connection between Iraq’s weap- ists who have struck international tar- prompt decisive action by the Security ons of mass destruction and its long- gets around the world. But now it is Council to ensure that Iraq abandons standing ties to terrorist networks time for Congress to speak again with its strategy of delay, evasion, and non- such as al Qaeda has significantly al- a firm and resolute voice, just as we compliance with those resolutions. tered the U.S. security environment. did on September 14, 3 days after the One of the lessons of September 11 is The two linked together pose a clear cowardly attacks on innocent Ameri- that terrorism knows no boundaries. and present danger to our country. cans. Its victims are men and women, chil- Consider that Saddam Hussein could Many of our friends are watching and dren and adults. It can occur here; it supply the terrorists who have sleeper they are waiting today, as they were can occur abroad. It can occur any- cells in our land with weapons of mass last year. Are they going to join with where. Terrorists strike without warn- destruction to attack the U.S. while us, or not? Is this a serious effort, or ing. If we are to fight and win the war concealing his responsibility for the not? Is Congress speaking for the on terrorism, we must remain united, action. It is a very real and growing American people to support the Presi- united in the Congress, united with the threat. The Iraqi regime has been dent of the United States as he seeks President of the United States, and building a case against itself for more to protect this Nation and our inter- united with the American people. than 10 years, and if we fail to heed the ests? President Bush told the Nation last warning signs and allow them to con- President Bush needs Congress to act September that victory would not tinue down this path, the results could to convince our allies, our friends, and come quickly or easily. It would be a be devastating, but they would not be a our enemies that we are serious. They battle unlike any our Nation has ever surprise. need to know that our Nation is re- waged. Now is not the time to send a After September 11, we are on notice. solved to continue this battle against mixed message to our friends and al- If Saddam Hussein refuses to comply terrorism into Iraq if necessary. lies. Now is not the time to show our with U.N. resolutions and diplomatic Many have said that Saddam Hussein enemies any weakness in our resolve. efforts, we have only one choice in is not a real threat to the United Mr. Speaker, as we prepare to record order to ensure the security of our Na- States because he is so far away, and our votes on this important resolution, tion and the safety our citizens. he is far away. It is a long distance. we should remember the victims of ter- Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 min- rorism, September 11 and other exam- b 1800 utes to the gentleman from Pennsyl- ples, and our promise last year to seek Many have said that the President’s vania (Mr. PITTS), a member of the out and destroy the roots of terrorism Committee on International Relations. speech Monday night did not address a whether it be its sponsors, planners, or Mr. PITTS. Mr. Speaker, years ago lot of new subjects. He compiled and the perpetrators of these cowardly mis- when I was a world away fighting to organized very well, many of the exist- sions. We should remember the unity of contain the scourge of communism in ing arguments. But he did say some- our Nation and the world. The battle Southeast Asia, a movement grew up thing new for those who paid really continues, the stakes remain high, and here at home to protest what we were close attention. The President dis- the cause remains just. America must doing. Late in the war, one of the an- cussed for the first time publicly infor- again speak one more time with unity, thems of that movement was a song by mation that many of our colleagues with force, and with clarity. This reso- John Lennon called ‘‘Give Peace a who work with intelligence issues have lution does that. been aware of for quite some time. Mr. CANTOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 Chance.’’ We are not here to debate the That involves Saddam Hussein’s ag- minutes to the distinguished gen- Vietnam War, but we are discussing war and peace. Peace is a very precious gressive efforts to develop and use un- tleman from Michigan (Mr. CAMP). manned aerial vehicles, UAVs, as a de- Mr. CAMP. Mr. Speaker, I thank the thing, and we should defend it and even livery method for his weapons of mass gentleman for yielding me this time. fight for it. And we have given peace a destruction. The SCUDs did not have a Mr. Speaker, the Iraqi regime has chance for 11 long years. very long range. The SCUDs were not posed a threat to peace, to the United We gave peace a chance through di- very accurate. I can attest to that be- States, and to the world for too long. plomacy, but Saddam Hussein has bro- cause one night visiting with General In order to protect America against ken every agreement that came out of Schwarzkopf during Desert Storm in this very real and growing threat, I that diplomacy. We gave peace a Saudi Arabia, a SCUD was launched support giving the President the au- chance through weapons inspections, near our site, and it landed not too far thority to use force, to use military ac- but Saddam Hussein orchestrated an away; but it was far enough away that tion if necessary against Iraq. Without elaborate shell game to thwart that efit did not hurt anybody. So we know a doubt this is one of the most difficult fort. We gave peace a chance through that the SCUDs were not that accu- decisions I have had to make as a Mem- sanctions, but Saddam Hussein used rate. UAVs are a different story. UAVs ber of Congress. But after briefings those sanctions as an excuse to starve have a much longer range; UAVs are from the administration, testimony his own people. We gave peace a chance able to be piloted and trained specifi- from congressional hearings, I am con- by establishing no-fly zones to prevent cally on a target. UAVs are dangerous. vinced the threat to our Nation’s safe- Saddam Hussein from killing more of And if my colleagues do not think ty is real. After repeatedly failing to his own citizens, but he shoots at our UAVs have a long range, we ourselves comply with U.N. inspections, Saddam planes every day. We gave peace a have flown a UAV from the United Hussein’s efforts to build weapons of chance by allowing him to sell some oil States to Australia and back. Saddam mass destruction, biological, chemical to alleviate the suffering of the Iraqi is aggressively seeking ability to use and nuclear, have gone unchecked for people, but instead he used the revenue those long-range UAVs to put so many far too long. The world cannot allow to build more weapons of mass destruc- more targets in his sights. We cannot him to continue down this deadly path. tion. let that happen. Saddam Hussein must comply with Mr. Speaker, we have given peace a Mr. Speaker, with this resolution U.N. inspections; but if not, America chance for more than a decade, and it Congress reaffirms our support for the and our coalition must be prepared to has not worked. Even now our Presi- international war against terrorism. It meet this threat. dent is actively working to achieve a continues to be international in na- After the Gulf War, in compliance diplomatic solution by getting the ture, as this resolution specifically ex- with U.N. resolutions, a no-fly zone was United Nations to pass a resolution presses support for the President’s ef- implemented. The purpose was to pro- with teeth; and while the United Na- forts to strictly enforce, through the tect Iraqi Kurds and Shiite Muslims tions has an important role to play in United Nations Security Council, and I from Saddam Hussein’s aggressions and this, no American President and no will repeat that, through the United to conduct aerial surveillance. But American Congress can shirk our re- Nations Security Council, all relevant since its inception, pilots patrolling sponsibility to protect the American Security Council resolutions applicable the zones have come under repeated at- people. If the U.N. will not act, we to Iraq. It also expresses support for tack from Iraqi missiles and artillery. must.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00084 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7389 If we go down to the other end of the The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. today’s environment, it is very possible national Mall, we will see on the Ko- GILCHREST). Is there objection to the he could supply weapons to terrorists rean War Memorial the words ‘‘Free- request of the gentleman from Cali- who will attack the United States or dom is not free.’’ Peace is not free ei- fornia? our allies around the world. ther. What some of those who are pro- There was no objection. I am pleased the resolution has been testing the President’s request for Mr. SCHIFF. Mr. Speaker, I yield 6 improved with congressional input. We military authority do not understand minutes to the gentlewoman from New should proceed carefully, step by step, is that our freedoms were not won with York (Mrs. MALONEY). and use the United Nations and the poster paint. Antiwar protestors do not Mrs. MALONEY of New York. Mr. international community to disarm win our freedoms or our peace. The Speaker, I thank the gentleman for Saddam so that we are safer in the freedom to live in peace was won by yielding me this time. United States and New York and in our men and women who gave their lives Mr. Speaker, this is a very difficult respective States and clear around the on the battlefields of history. vote for me. If there is ever one vote world. As the world’s only remaining super- that should be made in the national in- Just today I spoke with British Per- power, we now even have an even terest, a vote that transcends politics manent Representative to the United greater responsibility to stand up to and where Members must vote their Nations, Sir Jeremy Greenstock, on prevent mass murder before it happens. conscience, it is the one that is before this issue. Ambassador Greenstock told No world organization can override the us tonight. me that the members of the Security President’s duty and our duty to pro- I have received thousands of letters Council, both permanent and other- tect the American people. If Moham- against the resolution, and just this wise, will approve a robust inspection med Atta had had a nuclear weapon, he past weekend over 15,000 gathered in resolution; and if this fails to disarm would have used that weapon in New Central Park in my district to protest. Iraq, he expects a second resolution York and not an airplane. By all ac- But what is at stake are not our polit- that may authorize force. counts Saddam Hussein is perhaps a ical careers or an election, but the fu- I come from a family of veterans. year away from having nuclear weap- ture of our country and our way of life. Most recently, my brother served in ons. He already has chemical and bio- I believe there is a more compelling the 101st Airborne in Vietnam. It hap- logical weapons capable of killing mil- case now against Saddam than 12 years pens to be his birthday today. He told lions. ago. Then the threat was of a geo- me that he parachuted many times be- When police detectives investigate a political nature, a move to change the hind enemy lines to acquire enemy in- crime, they look for three things: map of the Middle East. But I never telligence. He saw many of his friends means, motive, and opportunity. Clear- saw it as a direct threat to our Nation. machine gunned down. This searing ex- ly Saddam Hussein has the means, he The main question before us today is perience left deep wounds. So it is my has the weapons, and he has the mo- whether Saddam is a threat to the deepest hope that we will not have to tive. He hates America, he hates the United States and our allies. No one send our men and young women into Kurds, he hates Kuwaitis, he hates doubts that he has chemical and bio- harm’s way. Iran, he hates Israel, he hates anyone logical weapons. No one doubts that he So it is with a very heavy heart, but who gets in his way. And we know that a clear resolve, that I will be voting to when he hates people, he kills them, is trying to stockpile weapons of mass support this resolution. The accumula- sometimes by the thousand. He has destruction. No one doubts that he has tion of weapons of mass destruction by shown the propensity to use his weap- thwarted inspections in the past and Saddam and the willingness of terror- ons and so he has the means and the has developed UAVs. No one doubts ists to strike innocent people in the motive. But does he have the oppor- that he has consistently worked to de- tunity? Saddam Hussein could easily velop nuclear power. No one doubts United States and our allies across the pass a suitcase with a nuclear weapon that he has twice invaded his neigh- world have, unfortunately, ushered in a off to an al Qaeda terrorist with a one- bors. The question is, Will he use these dangerous new era. It is a danger that way ticket to New York. No finger- weapons against the United States and we cannot afford to ignore. prints, no evidence, and several million our allies, and can we deter him with- I will be voting yes. I will be sup- dead Americans. out using force? porting the President on this resolu- Mr. Speaker, this is a very real dan- As Lincoln said in the beginning days tion. 1 ger. Before September 11 we might of the Civil War: ‘‘The dogmas of the Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 ⁄2 have thought this could never happen. quiet past are inadequate to the minutes to the gentleman from South Today we are too wise to doubt it, and stormy present. The occasion is piled Carolina (Mr. BROWN). it is a danger that grows every day. high with difficulty, and we must rise Mr. BROWN of South Carolina. Mr. Every day Saddam Hussein grows to the occasion. As our case is new, so Speaker, I thank the gentleman for stronger. Every day Saddam Hussein must we think anew and act anew.’’ yielding me time. builds more chemical and biological I would be for deterrence if I thought Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong weapons. Every day Saddam Hussein it would work. We are in a new era and support of this resolution to authorize comes a little closer to achieving nu- no longer in the Cold War. Deterrence the use of military force against Iraq. I clear weapons capability. Every day depends on the victim knowing from stand behind the Commander-in-Chief that passes, America grows more vul- where the aggression will come and the and our men and women in uniform nerable to a Saddam-sponsored ter- aggressor knowing the victim will who may be called upon to defend rorist attack. know who has attacked him. It has America’s freedom again. In this case inaction is more costly been a year since the anthrax attacks The War Powers Resolution was than action. The price of delay is a in our Nation, and we still do not know passed to ensure that the collective greater risk. The price of inaction where the attacks came from. Saddam judgment of both the Congress and the could be catastrophic, even worse than has likely taken notice that we were President will apply before the intro- September 11. We must disarm Saddam unable to tie evidence of attacks to duction of our Armed Forces into hos- Hussein. their source, and if he believes he can tilities. I want to commend the Presi- Mr. Speaker, we are not advocating give weapons of mass destruction to dent for working with Congress on war. We are calling for peace, but peace terrorists to use against us without our crafting this critical resolution. might only be possible if we are willing knowing he has done so, our ability to Time and time again, Mr. Speaker, to fight for it, and the President needs deter him from such a course of action Saddam Hussein and the Iraqi regime that authority to do that. I urge sup- will be greatly diminished. have refused to comply with the sanc- port for the resolution. tions imposed by the United States and Mr. SCHIFF. Mr. Speaker, I ask b 1615 its international community. In 1990, unanimous consent to yield 15 minutes Opponents of our war talk about the Iraq committed an unprovoked act of to the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. unintended consequences of war. They aggression and occupation against its BROWN) and that he be able to control do not talk about the unwanted con- Arab neighbor Kuwait, a peace-loving and yield that time to others. sequences of not disarming Saddam. In nation.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00085 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7390 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 After the Gulf War, the Iraqi govern- prise inspections that we need in order The threat to our national security ment continually violated the terms of to have our questions answered. from Iraq could not be more apparent. the United Nations-sponsored cease- The fact that our President would After the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the fire agreement. They refused to provide consider any additional form of inspec- United Nations Special Commission on access to weapons inspectors to inves- tion is a testimony of his desire to Iraq succeeded in destroying thousands tigate suspected weapon production fa- avoid conflict. Saddam Hussein’s ac- of chemical munitions, chemical cilities. tions in the past show a lack of regard, agents and precursor chemicals. Iraq Americans and coalition force pilots both for his own people and for his admitted to developing offensive bio- have been fired upon thousands of neighboring nations. logical weapons, including botulinum, times while lawfully enforcing the no- I remember back about 10 years ago anthrax, aflatoxin, clostridium and fly zone crafted by the United Nations as a young man preparing to practice others. Security Council. In 1993, they at- law. It was about that time that the Yet this list of poisons describes only tempted to assassinate former Presi- U.S. and our allies spent an enormous what the U.N. inspectors were able to dent Bush. As we speak here today, time and effort freeing the Kuwaiti detect in the face of official Iraqi remembers of al Qaeda are known to be people and hoped that the Iraqi people sistance, deception and denial. They within the borders of Iraq. would also be able to free themselves could not account for thousands of Mr. Speaker, history has proven that from the dictator. chemical munitions, 500 mustard gas Saddam Hussein and his government In World War II, Hitler introduced a bombs and 4,000 tons of chemical weap- cannot be dealt with through diplo- concept of blitzkrieg, a high-speed at- ons precursors. In the intervening pe- matic channels or peaceful means. He tack by land and air. Today’s increas- riod, development efforts have contin- only understands death, destruction ingly long-range and accurate rockets, ued unabated, and accelerated fol- and trampling on the human rights of armed with warheads of mass destruc- lowing the withdrawals of U.N. inspec- others, as evidenced by his treatment tion, makes blitzkrieg look like slow tors. of the Kurdish people in Northern Iraq motion. Iraq has repeatedly demonstrated a The President’s top advisers and the and anyone in his government who resolve not only to develop deadly Secretary of Defense, along with other questions his power. weapons of mass destruction but to use members of the President’s Cabinet, Some may argue that America is act- them on their own people: 5,000 killed, have briefed Members of Congress re- ing as the aggressor and planning a 20,000 Iranians killed through mustard peatedly and in a timely manner. I preemptive strike without justifica- gas clouds and the most deadly agents went down to Pennsylvania Avenue to tion. To the contrary, this is antici- that were inflicted on human beings. the White House just last week, and patory self-defense against evil forces Perhaps in different hands the deadly back on September 19 met with the and weapons that threaten our na- arsenal possessed by Saddam Hussein’s Secretary of Defense along with several tional security and peace and stability Iraq would be less of an imminent other Members of Congress at the Pen- throughout the Persian Gulf and the threat. tagon to discuss and be briefed on the This authorization of force that we world. situation in Iraq. will vote on soon is at some level also We do not want to see another day Now, the President needs our support a recognition of the ongoing state of like September 11 ever again in Amer- so that he can act quickly and deci- war with Iraq. In the last 3 weeks, 67 ica, or anywhere else on God’s great sively against the threat of Iraq should attempts have been made to down col- Earth. If we do not put an end to Iraq’s he deem that action necessary. lision aircraft. Four hundred and six development of its weapons of mass de- Again, let me stress, the action that attempts have been made this year. struction program, the future could be we take this week is not just another The U.S. has struggled against the worse. vote for the United States Congress. It tepid resolutions and general inac- America must act forcefully and with is, indeed, one of those landmark votes tivity of the international community great resolve because the costs are too that will be long remembered and re- for a decade. Regime change cannot high. The time has come for America corded in the history books. The action happen through domestic posturing. once again to set the example for the that we take this week might just, and Disarmament requires more than fer- rest of the free world. Our children and certainly we pray, negate the need to vent hopes and good wishes. our grandchildren should not have to send our troops into harm’s way. On December 9, 1941, President Roo- face this threat again. I would urge all the Members to sup- sevelt said, ‘‘There is no such thing as I ask all of my colleagues to vote in port our President and vote yes on this impregnable defense against powerful favor of this joint resolution. resolution. aggressors who sneak up in the dark 1 Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 ⁄2 Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, it is my great and strike without warning. We cannot minutes to the gentleman from Ala- pleasure to yield 2 minutes to the gen- measure our safety in terms of miles bama (Mr. ADERHOLT). tleman from Washington (Mr. on any map.’’ Mr. ADERHOLT. Mr. Speaker, I rise NETHERCUTT). In 1941, Congress stood with the today to express my support for the (Mr. NETHERCUTT asked and was President and promised full support to President in his policy regarding Iraq. given permission to revise and extend protect and defend our Nation. I urge Resolutions regarding war are not his remarks.) our colleagues today to do the same. something we consider without much Mr. NETHERCUTT. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Speaker, I yield thought, and this should be very seri- thank the gentleman for yielding me 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio ous business for this House and each time. (Mr. BROWN), who serves with distinc- Member of it. Mr. Speaker, it is appropriate that tion on the Committee on Inter- The last few months, there has been we fully discuss here the most serious national Relations and is the ranking much talk about Iraq being given the responsibility that is entrusted to Con- Democrat on the Subcommittee on opportunity to respond to weapons in- gress, and that is authorizing the Health Care of the Committee on En- spections. Sometimes this is said as if President to use force in the defense of ergy and Commerce. it were a new idea. However, when a de- our Nation. The decision by Congress Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I fiant Saddam Hussein has repeatedly to authorize the deployment of the thank my friend for yielding me time. rejected inspections and threatened in- U.S. military requires somber analysis Mr. Speaker, for years our policy in spectors, there is little reason to be- and sober consideration, but it is not a this country has been one of contain- lieve that he will cooperate. discussion that we should delay. ment, of deterrence, of collective secu- You may have seen the movies in The President has presented to the rity, of diplomacy. We contained and which a prison is going to be inspected. American people a compelling case for we deterred Joseph Stalin and the So- The warden replaces the spoiled food intervening in Iraq, and this body has viets for decades. We have contained with fresh vegetables and maybe even a acted deliberately in bringing to the and deterred Fidel Castro and the Cu- meat entree. If Saddam Hussein allows House floor a resolution that unequivo- bans for 40 years. We have contained inspectors in, it will only be at specific cally expresses our support for our and deterred Communist China in its locations and not the unlimited, sur- Commander-in-Chief. expansionist tendencies for 5 decades.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00086 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7391 Now this President wants to radi- estimate for military action, a cost es- taught us, it is that our policy of con- cally change our decades-old foreign timate for reconstruction of Iraq, along tainment and deterrence does not work policy of containment and deterrence with a proposal for how the U.S. is against terrorists who are willing to to a policy of first strike. What does going to pay for these costs. We are blow themselves up and, at the same that tell the world? Does it embolden going more into debt. Will there ever time, innocent civilians. Russia to attack Georgia to better deal be a prescription drug benefit? Will we I rise in support of this historic reso- with Chechnya? Does it set an inter- continue to underfund education? Will lution, fully aware that this may be national precedent for China to go into the economy continue to falter if we do one of the most important votes this Taiwan or deal even more harshly with this war? body casts. Tibet? Does it embolden India or Paki- We should do an analysis of the im- We all hope that we can disarm Iraq stan, or both, each with nuclear weap- pact on the U.S. domestic economy of without bloodshed. That is our goal. ons, from going to war in Kashmir? the use of resources for military action We all hope and pray that risking the The whole point of the Security and the use of resources for reconstruc- lives of the women and men of our Council is to prevent member states, tion of Iraq. We should answer the Armed Forces will prove unnecessary. including veto-wielding permanent questions. We hold out hope that this time, members, perhaps especially veto- We should have a comprehensive plan against the recent tide of history, Sad- wielding permanent members, to pre- for U.S. financial and political commit- dam will allow U.N. inspectors full ac- vent those member states from launch- ment to long-term cultural, economic, cess, free of deception and delay. But if ing first strike, unilateral, unprovoked and political stabilization in a free Iraq the events of 9–11 and ongoing intel- war. if the President is going to talk about ligence-gathering have shown us any- Resolution 678, which authorized the Iraq being a model of democracy in the thing, Mr. Speaker, it is that we must Gulf War, called explicitly for coun- Middle East. remain ever vigilant against the new tries cooperating with the exiled Ku- We should have a comprehensive and growing threat to the American waiti loyals to create a coalition to use statement that details the extent of way of life. Terrorists who are willing force. No country, no country in inter- the international support for military to commit suicide to murder thousands national law, has the unilateral right operations in Iraq and what effect a of innocents will not be halted by the to decide Iraq has not complied with military action against Iraq will mean conventional means and policies of de- U.N. requirements, let alone what the for the broader war on terrorism. terrence we have deployed. The greatest danger we face is in not U.N. response should be. We should have a comprehensive acting, in assuming the terrorists who A couple of weeks ago, three retired analysis of the effect on the stability of are committed to destroying our Na- four-star generals testified in the other Iraq, and the region, of any regime tion will remain unarmed by Saddam. body, stating that attacking Iraq with- change in Iraq that may occur as a re- The first strike could be the last strike out a United Nations’ resolution sup- sult of U.S. military action. And, finally, we should have a com- for too many Americans. porting military action could limit aid Mr. Speaker, we know enough at this mitment that the U.S. will take nec- from allies, would supercharge, in the point about the specific dangers posed essary efforts to protect the health, general’s words, supercharge recruiting by Iraq to make this resolution unfor al Qaeda and undermine our war on safety, and security of the U.S. Armed avoidable: large stockpiles of chemical terrorism. Forces and Iraqi civilians. and biological weapons, an advanced Mr. Speaker, before we send our b 1830 and still-evolving nuclear weapons pro- young men and women to war, before duction program, support for and the There are too many questions the ad- we put our young men and women in ministration has yet to answer. If we harboring of terrorist organizations, harm’s way, we must make certain in the brutal repression and murder of its strike Iraq on our own, what happens every way that this is the best course to our campaign against terrorism? own civilian population, and the utter of action. disregard for U.N. resolutions and dic- Most of our allies in the war on terror Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, could I in- oppose U.N. unilateral action against tates. quire as to the time remaining on both Mr. Speaker, we know enough. Iraq. Will our coalition against ter- sides. We all applaud and support the Presi- rorism fracture? And if we win a uni- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. dent’s commitment to working with lateral war, will we be responsible for GILCHREST). The gentleman from Cali- the U.N. Security Council to deal with unilaterally rebuilding Iraq? fornia (Mr. ISSA) has 2 hours and 26 the threat that Iraq poses to the I am not convinced this administra- minutes remaining; the gentleman United States and our allies. I continue tion possesses the political commit- from California (Mr. SCHIFF) has 39 to hope and pray for a peaceful, inter- ment to reconstruct the damage after minutes remaining; and the gentleman nationally driven resolution to this cri- we defeat Saddam Hussein to bring de- from Massachusetts (Mr. DELAHUNT) sis, but I believe that passing this reso- mocracy to that country. It will entail has 20 minutes remaining. lution strengthens the President’s appropriations of hundreds of millions Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I would like hand to bring this about. of dollars a year, year after year after to ask the gentleman on the other side But with the events of September 11 year. Do we have the political will and of the aisle if we could agree to a 2- or still fresh in our minds and in our the financial commitment to do that in 3-to-1 split in order to normalize the hearts, we cannot rest our hopes on the that country, in that region? Should a time, since there is such a disparity in possibility that Iraq will comply with new enemy arise while we are paying the amount consumed. U.N. resolutions. Iraq has defied the for the campaign against al Qaeda and Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Speaker, I United Nations openly for over a dec- the reconstruction of Iraq, will our re- would agree to a 2-to-1 split, I would ade. sources be so overextended that we will say to my friend from California. Today we are being asked to fulfill not be able to address this new threat? Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I thank the our responsibilities to our families, our This Congress should not authorize gentleman. We will proceed with two in constituents, and our Constitution; and the use of force unless the administra- a row and then yield. I think we have to give the President tion details what it plans to do and Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 minutes to the the appropriate tools to proceed if Sad- how we will deal with the consequences gentleman from Virginia (Mr. TOM dam does not cooperate with the arms of our actions, namely, what will the DAVIS). inspectors and comply with existing U.S. role be after military action is (Mr. TOM DAVIS of Virginia asked U.N. resolutions. completed? We should set stronger con- and was given permission to revise and While we should seek the active sup- ditions before any military action is extend his remarks.) port of other nations, we must first and permitted. Mr. TOM DAVIS of Virginia. Mr. foremost protect our homeland, our The President should present to Con- Speaker, I thank the gentleman for people, and our way of life. gress a comprehensive plan that ad- yielding me this time. Mr. Speaker, I pray for the best as we dresses the full range of issues associ- Mr. Speaker, if there is anything prepare for the worst. Today, we recog- ated with action against Iraq: a cost that 9–11 and the events of that day nize that there may come a time in a

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00087 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 moment when we realize that we are learned several things: number one, the Mr. SCHIFF. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 involved in a profound global struggle Iraqi people do not like Saddam be- minutes to the distinguished gen- in which Saddam’s regime is clearly at cause he, in fact, keeps the great tleman from Oklahoma (Mr. CARSON). the epicenter on the side of evil; when wealth to himself, keeps different Mr. CARSON of Oklahoma. Mr. it becomes clear there are times when tribes in ignorance, to the pleasure of Speaker, for more than a decade, evil cannot be appeased, ignored, or his own tribe. In fact, one of the American foreign policy has struggled simply forgotten; when confrontation conscripts that I interrogated was to define its role in the post-Cold War remains the only option. scared to death of an American soldier. world. Unsure of when to use military There are moments in history when Why? Because they had been told that force, how to use it, and with which al- conscience matters, in fact, when con- if you are captured by Americans, that lies, we have stumbled from engage- science is the only thing that matters. you, in fact, would be quartered, your ment to ad hoc engagement from So- I urge my colleagues to vote their con- body would be quartered. Over 90,000 malia to Kosovo. We have at times science and acknowledge the danger Iraqis that were held in two prisoner of acted hastily in the world; more often, confronting us, by not entrusting our war camps, I say to my colleagues, far too late. fate to others, by demonstrating our have had the opportunity to tell the Our recent fecklessness points up the resolve to rid the world of this menace. stories of how well they were treated foreign policy confusion that the wel- I urge this with a heavy heart, but a by Americans and, in fact, they called come end of the long war with totali- heart convinced that if confrontation the prisoner of war camps ‘‘the hotel.’’ tarianism has left with us. Confronted should be required, we are ready for the Let me tell about their leadership. with the Soviet Union, Democrats and task. Before the interrogation of a two-star Republicans were united in the goals of Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 min- Iraqi general, he was sitting with his containment and deterrence, this lat- utes to the gentleman from Indiana legs crossed on the desert floor with his ter purpose backed up by the threat of (Mr. BUYER). hands in his face weeping like a child. nuclear annihilation. Such strategies Mr. BUYER. Mr. Speaker, I rise in I had an interpreter with me. When I are, of course, still not outdated, as we strong support of this resolution. walked up, I kicked the bottom of his face an unstable Russia and a growing Defending America against all en- boot and, through the interpreter, I China, both armed with significant nu- emies, foreign and domestic, is the first asked him to stand at attention. He clear arsenals. But the primacy of and fundamental purpose of the Fed- stood up and I asked him if he was an these doctrines has no doubt receded eral Government. Once, it took coun- Iraqi general. He responded and said with the Peace of Paris and with the tries of great economic wealth to field yes, he was. Here I am, an American difficult challenges that have arisen a powerful military, to threaten the captain in the Army, and I told him, since. As our Nation enters the 21st cen- United States, and to place our people then if you are an Iraqi general, then tury, we are confronted by some of in fear. The threat of this new century act like one. has now changed, because we have indi- Mr. Speaker, why would an Iraqi gen- these challenges, like humanitarian crises in Somalia which are brought viduals that truly hate us and can use eral be weeping upon the desert floor? into our homes through the global something as simple as box cutters to Because Saddam hand-selects his gen- reach of communications technology, place our people in fear and terror. eral officers. They do not earn it. The and world opinion demands action to With regard to the threat of Saddam men who serve in their military have bring relief. Ethnic cleansing, with its Hussein, it must be recognized for what not earned the trust and confidence. it is: a deliberate and patient campaign Also, what will be told is the echoes of the Holocaust, insist that the by Saddam to terrorize free people and lethality of American combat troops. United States and its Western allies make good on the promise of ‘‘never undermine the very foundations of lib- They know exactly what happened in again.’’ And the spread of weapons of erty. the short war of the gulf. The oper- mass destruction, which means that, I am sufficiently convinced without ations with regard to any military ac- for the first time in history, a nonstate hesitation that Saddam represents a tion that may occur in the Gulf War, I actor can inflict lethal harm on a clear and present danger. As a Gulf say to my colleagues, is so completely State, compels us to develop new doc- War veteran, I am filled with emotion different than the operations of 10 trines of defense. to contemplate that my comrades will years ago. once again be upon the desert floor. I Mr. Speaker, I have faith in the Iraqi b 1845 submit that it is easier to be ordered to people because I also remember them. It is amidst this intellectual muddle war than to vote that someone else Do my colleagues know what their re- that the current crisis with Iraq arises. may go in my place. However, now is quest was at the prisoner of war camp There are certain undeniable facts the time for our Nation to in fact be to bring calm? They just wanted to lis- about Saddam Hussein, who has so vigilant and to authorize the President ten to Madonna. So that is what we ruthlessly ruled Iraq for more than 20 to preserve freedom through military did. We piped in Madonna. They wanted years. He alone in the world has used action, if necessary, and to take our to listen to ‘‘The Material Girl.’’ Their chemical weapons, against his own peo- foreign policy as defense in depth. culture is far more Westernized than ple. He has a sophisticated biological In many respects, this resolution rep- we could ever imagine, and they like weapons program. Most importantly, resents a continuation of the Gulf War. Americans. he has an insatiable appetite for nu- Saddam Hussein agreed to provisions of This is not against the Iraqi people. clear weapons, which, but for the fore- the cease-fire. He has violated his This is any action to get Saddam Hus- sight of Israel and the success of the cease-fire, he has been flagrant in his sein to comply with the cease-fire to Gulf War, he would already possess. violations, and the hostility is now disarm; and if, in fact, he does not, With these capabilities, Saddam Hus- open and notorious. After a decade of then force is the means of last resort. sein has repeatedly tried to dominate denial, deception, and hostility toward And the soldiers, while they prepare to the Middle East, a region of critical the world, it is time to seek Iraq’s com- fight and win the Nation’s wars, they importance to the United States. pliance and, if necessary, remove this are the ones who have taken the oath These facts alone dictate immediate despotic dictator, his weapons of mass to lay down their life for the Constitu- action to disarm Iraq. If Saddam Hus- destruction, and the terrorists he sup- tion, and they do not want to fight. In sein were to acquire a nuclear weapon, ports and harbors. fact, they want peace. But if called he would be able to muscle surrounding Saddam Hussein and the Ba’ath upon, they, in fact, will serve. states, as he attempted to do with Ku- Party rule Iraq through terror and So I will vote for this resolution, and wait in 1990, with relative impunity, fear. I will share some personalized sto- I will think about my comrades who for the threat of nuclear reprisal would ries. may be placed in harm’s way, and I deter all but the most determined vin- Through interrogations at the enemy also will think of the children that are dicators of international law and Mid- prisoner of war camp during the Gulf left behind and the spouses who will dle East stability. War, having done these interviews with keep the watch fires burning for their Were Saddam Hussein to control not Iraqi high command conscripts, I loved ones. Support the resolution. only his own mighty oil fields but also

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00088 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7393 those of his neighbors, the havoc to the Mr. Speaker, in a perfect world, if gion, including our ally, Israel, without world economy could not be overesti- given a simple choice, no rational warning. mated, as would the danger to our human being would advocate war over Keeping this in mind, it seems to me long-standing ally, Israel. peace. No father and no mother would that we, as guardians of freedom, have Many people over the last 2 days ever want to send their daughter or son an awesome responsibility to act to en- have spoken eloquently of the need for into harm’s way. No truly civilized sure that Saddam Hussein cannot carry United Nations approval before any people would ever want to sit idly by out a first strike against the United American action against Iraq. Presi- and let their friends and allies be anni- States or our allies. dent Bush was wise to recently address hilated. Mr. Speaker, while there is no doubt the U.N., and I am confident that the Unfortunately, Mr. Speaker, these that unqualified support for military United Nations will acknowledge the are principled beliefs, all of which con- intervention from the U.N. is pref- need to enforce its own resolutions de- front us at this difficult time. Unfortu- erable, we must be prepared to defend manding the disarmament of Iraq; and nately, Mr. Speaker, today we do not ourselves alone. We must never allow recognize, too, that only the threat of live in a perfect world. Tonight, how- the foreign policy of our country to be military force can make those demands ever, as we debate the question of giv- dictated by those entities that may or understood. ing our President and Commander-in- may not have U.S. interests at heart. But if the United Nations itself has Chief Congress’ authorization to con- The resolution before us does not so little self-regard as to not demand duct war, we must remember the les- mandate military intervention in Iraq. compliance by Iraq, then that body’s sons of history. More than 60 years ago, It does, however, give President Bush impotence should not forestall the many closed their eyes, many covered clear authority to invade Iraq should United States from making the world’s their ears, or chanted the same chorus he determine that Hussein is not com- demands on its own. for peace that we now hear. Mr. Speak- plying with the conditions we have laid While consistency is not always val- er, when will we learn that we cannot before him. Chief among these is full ued highly in Congress, my own party trust, we cannot pacify, and we cannot and unfettered weapons inspections. If would well remember that President he fails to comply, we will have no negotiate with a mass murderer? Bill Clinton chose to take action in Mr. Speaker, humanity cannot afford choice but to take action. Our security Kosovo without any approval from the ever to experience another Holocaust demands it. Mr. Speaker, the world community Security Council; indeed, against the as a cruel reminder. Israel is not an ex- watching this debate ought not con- opposition of at least one permanent pendable commodity. clude that respectful disagreements on Security Council member, but with the Tonight, just a few miles from here the floor of this House divide us. On approval of most Democrats in the near our Nation’s Capitol, a mad killer the contrary, we find strength through House of Representatives. lurks. Think of the terror tonight of Still others of my colleagues have an open airing of all views. We never those in range of that single madman. suggested that we must wait for fur- take this privilege for granted, and we Think also of the terror in Israel, never ther provocation by Iraq. Somehow, need look no further than to Iraq to knowing true security. I ask the Mem- they argue, it is against the American understand why. bers, is that the kind of world we want tradition to take preventative military At the end of this debate, Congress action; or they argue that Iraq can be our children and grandchildren to live will speak with one voice. I find com- deterred in the same manner as was in? I say no, a thousand times no. fort in the knowledge that this unity That is why tonight I will support the Soviet Union. Grenada, Panama, represents a promise that we will never this resolution. I rise in support of the and Haiti rebut the notion that the back down from preserving our free- resolution and our President to ensure United States is a stranger to unilat- doms and protecting our homeland eral preventative action, as does the that we do not repeat history, or that from those who wish to destroy us. commonsense realization that times we do not have our children live in that Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Speaker, I yield have changed, and it is not so much the kind of world. 5 minutes to the gentlewoman from Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 min- detonation of a nuclear bomb that Ohio (Mrs. JONES), who serves on the threatens the United States but Iraq’s utes to the gentleman from Illinois Committee on Financial Services and mere possession of such a weapon. (Mr. CRANE). whose career has been earmarked by Deterrence works well when it must, Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I thank respect for the rule of law. but the assumption that all are the gentleman for yielding time to me. Mrs. JONES of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I deterrable is, in the wake of September Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support want to thank the gentleman for that 11, on very shaky footing, indeed. of House Joint Resolution 114 to pro- kind yielding of time to me. There is, in the end, no choice about vide authorization for the use of mili- Mr. Speaker, this is a quote: ‘‘I’m disarmament. The only alternatives tary force against Iraq. While I hope concerned about living with my con- are between forced agreement or non- and pray President Bush does not have science, and searching for that which is consensual military force. Paradox- to commit our troops to such action, I right and that which is true, and I can- ically, it is the threat of force which believe that he must have the author- not live with the idea of being just a we authorize in this resolution that of- ity he needs to protect U.S. national conformist following a path that every- fers the best chance for a peaceful dis- security interests. body else follows. And this has hap- armament. The events of September 11 showed pened to us. As I’ve said in one of my The authorization of force, which has that we are not protected from an at- books, so often we live by the philos- in recent years taken the place of for- tack on our homeland. There can be no ophy ‘Everybody’s doing it, it must be mal declarations of war, is the most doubt that Saddam Hussein possesses alright.’ we tend to determine what is grave and momentous decision anyone and continues to cultivate weapons of right and wrong by taking a sort of in Congress can make, but we will au- mass destruction. The U.N. weapons in- Gallup poll of the majority opinion, thorize force against Iraq tomorrow, spectors were thrown out of Iraq 4 and I don’t think this is the way to get and we will be right to do so. We will years ago for a reason. A first strike at what is right. be right not because we desire war with made with weapons of mass destruction ‘‘Arnold Toynbee talks about the cre- Iraq, but because we desire to prevent can result in millions dead, and the ative minority and I think more and it; right not because we lead this cause, U.S. must be prepared to act preemp- more we must have in our world that but because no one else will; and right tively. creative minority that will take a not because war is our first resort, but, Some ask why we must act against stand for that which conscience tells unlike Iraq, it is always our last. this threat in particular. The answer is them is right, even though it brings Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, it is my that this threat is unique. I need not about criticism and misunderstanding pleasure to yield 3 minutes to the gen- remind anyone that Hussein has used and even abuse.’’ tleman from Florida (Mr. MICA), Chair weapons of mass destruction already That is excerpted from a 1967 inter- of the Subcommittee on Aviation. against his own people. In addition, he view of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Mr. MICA. I thank the gentleman for has tried to dominate the Middle East Mr. Speaker, I stand here today as a yielding time to me, Mr. Speaker. and has struck other nations in the re- part of a creative minority in Congress

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Do we There is no reason to believe that with- of thousands of Kurds in northern Iraq know how long a war in Iraq would out the threat of force, the disar- with chemical and biological weapons. last? Has there been any assessment mament the Iraqi regime agreed to as I know he has murdered members of his for the American people of how much a part of the disarmament after the Gulf own cabinet; in fact, his own family. I war in Iraq will cost our economy? War more than 10 years ago will ever remember vividly his aggressions in Does he have any idea of the human occur. Iran and Kuwait and the SCUD missiles loss we should expect in a war with And there is other gathering danger he launched into Israel in the Gulf Iraq? and risk to America and all freedom- War. I know the contempt he has Instead of answers, he gives us bom- loving people. The horror of September shown toward the U.N. and its weapons bast. Yes, we have all heard the rhet- 11, Mr. Speaker, awakened us to that inspectors as they attempted to en- oric: Saddam is evil, Saddam hates reality. We know that the Iraqi regime force post-Gulf War resolutions; and I America, Saddam must be stopped, and is producing and stockpiling chemical know that the world, and particularly you are either with us or against us. If and biological weapons. We know they the Gulf region, would be a better and you are not with us, we don’t need you. are in the process of obtaining a nu- safer place without Saddam Hussein in b 1900 clear weapon. We know that this re- power and those of his ilk in power. gime has a consistent record of aggres- But when the rhetoric is peeled away, But I also know that the resolution sion of supporting terrorist activities. truth emerges. before us is a product of haste and hu- Once the Iraqi regime possesses a nu- Mr. Speaker, I cannot go on but I say bris, rather than introspection and hu- clear weapon, it, or the technology to all of my colleagues, let us be the mility. I have seen President Bush con- that creates it, could easily be passed creative minority. Vote against allow- front the Iraq question with arrogance along to a terrorist organization. Al- ing force against Iraq. and condescension, initially bullying ready chemical and biological weapons this Congress, our international allies, ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE could be provided. We must not permit and the American people with accusa- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. this to happen. tions and threats and tales of terror GILCHREST). Members are reminded to The resolution will authorize mili- eliciting fear in their hearts and minds. address their remarks to the Chair and tary action but only if it is necessary. President Bush has told us that war not to the President. I would hope that every Member in this is not inevitable, but does anyone real- Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- Chamber would pray that it would not ly believe that? For months, this ad- mous consent that the time for debate be necessary. But the choice is clear, ministration has marched inexorably on this resolution be extended for 2 and it is a choice for the Iraqi regime towards an attack on Iraq, changing its hours to be equally divided between the to make. If the regime refuses to dis- rationale to suit the circumstances. I majority and minority. arm, our military and our coalition The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there have no doubt that, regardless of what partners will be compelled to make a objection to the request of the gen- we do here or what Saddam does there, stand for freedom and security against tleman from California? we will go to war. I pray I am wrong. tyranny and terrorism. And if we take There was no objection. The CIA today said Saddam is un- this course, it will not be unilateral as The SPEAKER pro tempore. The likely to initiate a chemical or biologi- others on this floor have said. The Chair grants an additional hour to be cal attack against the United States United States will not be alone. and presented the alarming possibility controlled by the gentleman from Cali- I commend the President for his dip- that an attack on Iraq could provoke fornia (Mr. ISSA) and by the gentleman lomatic initiatives, for continuing to him into taking the very actions this from California (Mr. SCHIFF). try to work through the United Na- administration claims an invasion Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 min- tions, and for an impressive array of would prevent. utes to the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. coalition partners already assembled. I I know, too, who we are. America has PORTMAN). do not take lightly the fact that the never backed down from a just war. Mr. PORTMAN. Mr. Speaker, I thank course laid out by this resolution may From the Revolutionary era to the my friend from California (Mr. ISSA) put at risk the lives of young men and Civil War, across Europe, Asia, and Af- for yielding me time. women in uniform. But I believe not rica, in two world wars, just a dozen Mr. Speaker, as Members of Congress authorizing the possible use of force years ago in the Persian Gulf, and we face no more important issues than would put even more innocent Ameri- countless missions to faraway places those of war and peace, and for that cans at risk. like Bosnia, Kosovo, Liberia, and Af- reason I agree wholeheartedly with my ghanistan, America fought. We fought colleague from Ohio (Mrs. JONES) who This is a solemn debate and a tough with righteousness, determination, and just spoke that this must be a vote of vote of conscience. Mine will be a vote vision. We fought because principles Congress. For that reason this ex- for an approach that I believe faces up and freedoms were threatened. We tended debate on the House floor is to the very real dangers we face and fought because fighting was our last very appropriate and the views ex- maximizes the chance that these dan- choice. pressed by Members of Congress are de- gers can be addressed with a minimum America has always fought with a vi- serving of respect. Having read it close- loss of life. I will strongly support our sion to the future and has been mer- ly, my view is that the carefully craft- President, Mr. Speaker, and I support ciful and generous in our victories. ed resolution before us is the right ap- the resolution. But the White House has not offered proach. Mr. SCHIFF. Mr. Speaker, I ask any vision for post-Saddam Iraq. As a On Monday in my hometown of Cin- unanimous consent to yield 30 minutes Nation founded on moral principles, we cinnati, the President of the United to the gentleman from Massachusetts have a moral obligation to prepare a States clearly explained to the country (Mr. DELAHUNT) and that he be able to plan for rebuilding Iraq before we de- what is at stake. He not only made the control and yield that time to others. clare war. Iraq, like Afghanistan and case that inaction is not an option, but The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there many of the other nations in the Gulf that given the dangers and defiance of objection to the request of the gen- region, is made up of many ethnic the Iraqi regime, the threat of military tleman from California? groups that will compete for power in action must be an available option. There was no objection. the vacuum that is created by Saddam Time and time again, Saddam Hussein Mr. SCHIFF. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 Hussein’s ouster. But as important as has proven to be a threat to the peace minutes to the distinguished gen- the tactical plans to overthrow Sad- and security of the region. That is why tleman from Tennessee (Mr. TANNER).

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00090 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7395 (Mr. TANNER asked and was given warning we need to stop another event tient. The United Nations was patient. permission to revise and extend his re- in this country as occurred on 9–11. We have all been patient for more than marks.) Thankfully, the President’s appear- a decade. I believe that we need not Mr. TANNER. Mr. Speaker, I thank ance at the United Nations last month look for the proverbial straw that the gentleman for yielding me time. and his speech in Cincinnati Monday breaks the camel’s back; but in fact we September 11, 2001, is a day that will night sent a signal to our allies and to need to simply ask, Why did we wait so rank with December 7, 1941, as a day of many of our own citizens who do not long? Why did we tolerate this dictator infamy in the history of the United and did not support the ‘‘lone cowboy’’ so long? Even why in 1998 when the last States. That one event, 9–11, changed approach, that the administration fi- administration rightfully so called for the world we live in forever. I serve as nally recognized the importance of a regime change did we not act? a delegate to the NATO Parliamentary international cooperation and the role I hope that this body in its consider- Assembly from the Congress and never of all civilized people as expressed by ation of this resolution does not ask have I seen the outpouring of good will the United Nations in this war against why should we act today, but in fact and support from our NATO allies as humanity. Again, I refer not to the should ask why should we not act and we experienced in the aftermath of 9– military resources offered by our glob- why did we take so long? 11. al allies, but to the intelligence infor- Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of For the first time in the 50-plus-year mation which is vital or perhaps more my time. history of the mightiest military alli- vital to our national defense. Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Speaker, I yield ance in modern times, article 5 of the The gentleman from South Carolina 6 minutes to the gentlewoman from NATO charter was invoked stating in (Mr. SPRATT) has an amendment which Texas (Ms. JACKSON-LEE), who serves essence that when one member nation I believe does no harm to the substance as the ranking member on the Sub- comes under attack, all consider them- of the resolution and in my view is committee on Immigration, Border Se- selves under attack and each pledges to much preferable and more compatible curity and Claims on the House Com- the other member nations all military, with our constitutional powers as Con- mittee on the Judiciary, as well as a diplomatic, and territorial assets they gress. I hope every Member will seri- member of the Subcommittee on individually and collectively possess. ously consider its adoption. But should Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Secu- This past summer, less than a year that fail, I believe that passage of this rity, who recently returned from Af- from 9–11, the President and Vice resolution is in the best interest of our ghanistan where she conducted a fact- President began to talk about a regime country at this time. Such action on finding mission. change in Iraq. The philosophy was our part will hopefully spur movement (Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas asked this: Saddam Hussein is a despot and a in the international arena to enforce and was given permission to revise and threat to develop and perfect weapons the United Nations resolutions when extend her remarks.) of mass destruction including nuclear violated, with civilization as the pros- Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. capabilities; and, therefore, he must be ecutor and humanity as the victor. Speaker, I thank the distinguished removed. Further, we, the United Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself member of the Committee on Inter- States, were going to effectuate that such time as I may consume. national Relations for his kindness in change with or without our allies, save Mr. Speaker, I join my many es- yielding me time. the British. Suddenly the good will and teemed colleagues today in support of As many of us who have come to this support for America began to erode, the resolution authorizing the Presi- floor, I come with a heavy heart but a particularly among our European allies dent to use force against Iraq. This is a respect for my colleagues and the and even here at home. historic moment in our country, and it words that they have offered today. In fact, some with good reason, in my should not be taken lightly. But it is b 1915 view, think an election in Germany not the first historic moment when it turned on this one issue. The United comes to Saddam Hussein’s regime. As I stand here, I sometimes feel the States, led by President Bush and Vice This is hopefully the last chapter in a world is on our shoulders, but I also President CHENEY’s rhetoric, was box- long saga of our dealings with Saddam think that my vote is a vote for life or ing herself into a very dangerous and Hussein. death—I have chosen life and so I take potentially disastrous position. Should More than 20 years ago he began to the path of opposition to this resolu- that policy have continued, I would endanger his neighbors. More than 12 tion in order to avoid the tragic path have voted ‘‘no’’ on this resolution. years ago he invaded Kuwait. His cruel that led former Secretary of Defense Why do I say that? The best offense regime has had a long history of the Robert MacNamara to admit, in his we have available to us to protect our kind of practices that are not tolerated painful mea culpa regarding the Viet- country and our citizens is accurate, anywhere on this globe, and yet they nam War, we were wrong, terribly timely intelligence information so that persist. wrong. we know what al Qaeda or others are Mr. Speaker, Saddam Hussein is in He saw the lost lives of our young planning, how they are planning it, fact writing the last chapter as we men and women, some 58,000 who came when they are planning to attack us speak in a 12-year war. We are not con- home in body bags; and after years of again so that we can stop it. In this sidering action which would be preemp- guilt stemming from his role in pros- war of terrorism, all of the United tive or a strike to begin a war. We are, ecuting the war in Vietnam, States military might and every weap- in fact, dealing with an absence of MacNamara was moved to expose his on our country possesses is of little or peace which has cost America lives and soul on paper with his book, ‘‘In Retro- no value in the defense of our home- time and effort for more than a decade. spect: The Tragedy and Lessons of land without these intelligence re- Over the past 10 years he has made a Vietnam.’’ He noted the words of an sources. mockery of the United Nations and the ancient Greek philosopher that ‘‘the This unilateral approach by the ad- multi-national diplomacy that we have reward of suffering is experience,’’ and ministration threatened to jeopardize in fact participated in. He has system- concluded solemnly, let this be the cooperation from those around the atically undermined the United Na- lasting legacy of Vietnam; that we world who may be in a position to give tions resolutions that were designed to never send our young men and women us such intelligence information. disarm and reform his regime. He into war without thoughtful, provoca- World support, world opinion and the threw out weapons inspectors in 1998 tive analysis and an offer of diplomacy. good will of every nation, no matter and has rebuilt his weapons of mass de- I stand in opposition for another rea- how small or militarily insignificant, struction; and there is no question he son, and that is because I hold the Con- has never been more important to us. A intends to target America. In fact, in stitution very dear. I might suggest to whisper in one ear from Kabul to Bag- 1993 he targeted President George Her- my colleagues that when our Founding dad to the Philippines to Germany or bert Bush for assassination. Fathers decided to write the Constitu- even to Oregon can be more important Each of those events was more than tion over 4 months of the hot summer in this war than all of the military sufficient for us to do what we now of 1787, they talked about the distribu- might on Earth, for it may give us the must do. But the United States was pation of authority between legislative,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00091 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7396 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 executive and judicial branches, and ating, and North Korea going after 1883, ‘‘there never was a good war or a bad they said it was a bold attempt to cre- South Korea and erupting into an all- peace’’—but we have yet to give the power of ate an energetic central government at out war. Because actions always speak diplomacy and the power of the moral high the same time that the sovereignty of louder than words, the United States’ ground the chance that civilization itself de- the people would be preserved. wise previous admonitions to show reserves. We have had the experience of Viet- Frankly, the people of the United straint to the world would go to the nam to see the alternatives, so if there were States should make the determination winds, and then, of course, would fall ever a time for diplomacy, it has got to be through this House of a declaration of on deaf ears. now. war. And as the Constitution was writ- There is another equally important The resolution before us is unlikely to lead ten, it said, ‘‘We the people of the reason I must oppose this resolution. It to peace now or in the future because of the United States, in order to form a more is because to vote for it would be to ef- dangerous precedent that it would set. The perfect union, establish justice, provide fectively abdicate our constitutional notion of taking a first strike against another for the common defense, establish the responsibility as a Member of Congress sovereign nation risks upsetting the already Constitution of the United States of to declare war when conditions call for tenuous balance of powers around the world. America.’’ For that reason, I believe such action. The resolution before us In a time when countless nations are armed that this Nation, that suffered a war in declares war singly by the President by with enough weaponry to destroy their neigh- Vietnam, should understand the impor- allowing a first strike without the bors with the mere touch of a button, it can tance of having the Congress of the knowledge of imminent danger and hardly be said that our example of attacking United States declare war. without the input of Congress. It is by another country in the absence of a self de- The reason I say that is we continue article 1, section 8 of the Constitution fense justification would sow the seeds of to suffer today as countless veterans of of the United States that calls for us to peace around the world. Rather, the Presi- that generation from Vietnam have declare war. dent’s proposed doctrine of first strike, which never recovered from the physical and Saddam Hussein is evil. He is a des- would represent an unprecedented departure mental horrors of their experiences, pot. We know that. And I support the from a long-held United States’ policy of being many reliving the nightmares, plagued undermining of his government by giv- a non-aggressor, would say to the world that by demons as they sleep homeless on ing resistance to the United States, to it is acceptable to do a first strike in fear, in- our streets at night. What a price we be able to address these by humani- stead of pursuing all possible avenues to a continue to pay for that mistake. Can tarian aid, by military support in diplomatic solution. Imagine the chaos in the we afford to make it again? terms of training, and also by pro- world if India and Pakistan abandoned all no- Mr. Speaker, I am opposed to this viding support to the resistance. Yet I tions of restraint, if China and Taiwan opted to resolution because it so clearly steers think we can do other things. Diplo- fight instead of negotiate, and if North Korea us towards a treacherous path of war macy first, unfettered robust United and South Korea erupted into all-out war. Be- while yielding sparse efforts to guide States weapons inspections, monitored cause actions always speak louder than us to the more navigable road to peace. review by United Nations Security words, the United States’ wise previous admo- As Benjamin Franklin said in 1883, Council, Soviet Union model of ally- nitions to show restraint in the aforementioned ‘‘There never was a good war or a bad supported isolation, support of democ- conflicts would fall upon deaf ears as the na- peace.’’ Mr. Speaker, we have yet to ratization, and developing a more tions would instead follow our dangerous lead. give the power of diplomacy a chance stringent United States containment There is another equally important reason and the power of the moral rightness of policy. that I must oppose this resolution. It is be- the high ground the chance that civili- This resolution is wrong. We must cause to vote for it would be to effectively ab- zation deserves. Do we not deserve as not abdicate our responsibility. And dicate my Constitutional duty as a Member of well as the right to die the right to most importantly, Mr. Speaker, as I go Congress to delcare war when conditions call live? We have had the experience of to my seat, I stand here on the side of for such action. The resolution before us does Vietnam to see the alternatives. So if saving the lives of the young men and authorize the President to declare war without the unacceptable costs of war come women of this Nation. the basis of imminent threat. Congress may upon us, why not use diplomacy? It is As I stand on the House floor today with not choose to transfer its duties under the time to use diplomacy now. great respect for the heartfelt positions of my Constitution to the President. The Constitution The resolution before us is unlikely colleagues, I must take the path of opposition was not created for us to be silent. It is a body to lead to peace now or in the future to this resolution in order to avoid following the of law that provides the roadmap of democ- because of the dangerous precedent tragic path that led former Secretary of De- racy and national security in this country, and that it would set. The notion of taking fense Robert McNamara to admit in his painful like any roadmap, it is designed to be fol- a first strike against another sovereign mea culpa regarding the Vietnam war, ‘‘We lowed. Only Congress is authorized to declare nation risks upsetting the already ten- were wrong, terribly wrong.’’ After years of war, raise and support armies, provide and uous balance of powers around the guilt stemming from his role in prosecuting the maintain a navy, and make the rules for these world. In a time when countless na- war in Vietnam, McNamara was moved to ex- armed forces. There is nothing vague or un- tions are armed with enough weaponry pose his soul on paper with his book: ‘‘In Ret- clear about the language in Article I, section 8, to destroy their neighbors with the rospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Viet- clauses 11–16 of our Constitution. In it, we are mere touch of a button, it can hardly nam’’. He noted the words of the ancient told that Congress has the power: be said that our example of attacking Greek dramatist Aeschylus who said ‘‘The re- To declare war, grant letters of marque and another country in the absence of self- ward of suffering is experience,’’ and con- reprisal, and make rules concerning captures defense is an acceptable way to go. The cluded solemnly, ‘‘Let this be the lasting leg- on land and water; justification would sow the seeds of acy of Vietnam.’’ Therefore this legacy should To raise and support armies, but no appro- peace if we decided to follow peace. remind us that war is deadly and the Con- priation of money to that use shall be for a It is important to note that rather gress must not abdicate its responsibility. longer term than two years; than the President’s proposed doctrine This Nation did suffer as result of that war, To provide and maintain a navy; of first strike, we would do well to look and we continue to suffer today as countless To make rules for the government and regu- to diplomacy first. The first strike pre- veterans of that generation have never recov- lation of the land and naval forces; and sumption of the President would rep- ered from the physical and mental horrors of To provide for calling forth the militia to exe- resent an unprecedented departure their experiences, many reliving the night- cute the laws of the union, suppress insurrec- from a long-held United States policy mares, plagued by demons as they sleep tions and repel invasions. of being a nonaggressor. We would say homeless on our streets at night. What a price This system of checks and balances, which to the world that it is acceptable to do we continue to pay for that mistake. Can we is essential to ensuring that no individual or a first strike in fear instead of pur- afford to make it again? I think not. branch of government can wield absolute suing all possible avenues to a diplo- Mr. Speaker, I am opposed to this resolution power, cannot be effective if one individual is matic solution. because it so clearly steers us toward a impermissibly vested with the sole discre- Imagine the world in chaos with treacherous path of war, while yielding sparse tionary authority to carry out what 535 Mem- India going after Pakistan, China opt- efforts to guide us to the more navigable road bers of Congress have been duly elected by ing to fight Taiwan instead of negoti- to peace. And as Benjamin Franklin said in the people to do. It is through the process of

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The rea- does possess chemical, biological or nuclear who say they simply do not want to go son that we are a government of the people, weapons, we can be assured that he would to war and talk about why I do not for the people and by the people is because not hesitate to use them if the ultimate goal is want to go to war either, but some- there is a plurality of perspectives that are to destroy his regime, instead of to disarm it. times war is necessary. I want to talk taken into account before the most important With that being the case, there can be little about the issue of why now, because I decisions facing the country are made. Grant- doubt that neighboring countries would be think that is a very pressing issue. And ing any one individual, even the President of dragged into the fray—willingly or otherwise— I want to talk, most importantly, the United States, the unbridled authority to creating an upheaval that would dwarf pre- about how I believe this resolution is use the Armed Forces of the United States as vious altercations in the region or possibly in the most certain way, indeed perhaps he determines to be necessary and appro- the world. The resolution, as presently word- the only way, we have to avoid war. priate is not only unconstitutional, but is also ed, opens the door to all of these possibilities Let me begin with the seriousness of the height of irresponsibility. and that is why I cannot support it. this issue. Beyond a shadow of a doubt, Saddam Hussein is indeed an evil man. He Because I do not support the resolution this will be the most solemn, most seri- has harmed his own people in the past, and does not mean that I favor inaction. To the ous vote I believe I will cast in my ten- cannot be trusted in the future to live peace- contrary, I believe that immediate action is of ure in the United States Congress. I fully with his neighbors in the region. I fully the highest order. To that end, I would pro- have been here for some pretty serious support efforts to disarm Iraq pursuant to the pose a five-point plan of action: votes. I have seen us balance a budget, resolutions passed in the aftermath of the gulf 1. Diplomacy first; I have seen us impeach a President, but war, and I do not rule out the possibility that 2. Unfettered, robust United Nations weap- nothing comes close to the vote on a military action might be needed in the future to ons inspections to provide full disarmament; resolution of force such as the one we see that those efforts come to fruition. I voted 3. Monitoring and review by United Nations will consider tomorrow. I approach for the Iraqi Liberation Act in 1998 and still Security Council; that vote with the grave appreciation stand behind my decision to support the ob- 4. Soviet Union model of allied supported of the fact that lives are in the bal- jective of helping the people of Iraq change isolation—support of democratization through ance: lives of American soldiers, lives their government. But that legislation con- governance training and support of resistance of innocent Iraqis, lives of people tained an important caveat that precluded the elements; and throughout the world. use of United States armed forces to remove 5. Developing a more stringent United I also approach that vote with the the government from power, and instead pro- States containment policy. grave knowledge that while my son is vided for various forms of humanitarian assist- What I can and will support is an effort for 16 years old and would not likely serve ance. That Act, now has the effect of law, and diplomacy first, and unfettered U.N. inspec- in this war, I have many constituents unlike Iraq, we are a nation that respects the tions. As the most powerful nation in the and many friends with sons and daugh- rule of law. And our Constitution, the supreme world, we should be a powerful voice for diplo- ters who are 18 years old or 19 or 20, law of the land, sets forth the duties and re- macy—and not just military might. Since we and who may be called upon to go to sponsibilities of Congress in clear, unambig- are a just nation, we should wield our power war. This is, indeed, I believe, the most uous language. judiciously—restraining where possible for the serious issue this Congress can con- The indictment against Saddam Hussein is greater good. Pursuing peace means insisting template, and it is one that has nothing new. He is a despot of the worst kind, upon the disarmament of Iraq. Pursuing peace weighed on me for weeks. and I believe that when the United Nations means insisting upon the immediate return of Some of those amongst my constitu- Security Council passes a resolution deter- the U.N. weapons inspectors. Pursuing peace ents who are deeply worried about this mining his present status and outlining a plan and diplomacy means that the best answer to issue say why should we act and why for the future, that will provide further docu- every conflict and crisis is not always violence. should we act under these cir- mentation for Congress to act on a military op- Passing this resolution, and the possible re- cumstances? They argue that we tion in Iraq. Right now, however, we are mov- percussions that it may engender, will not en- should pursue deterrence. They argue ing too far too quickly with many alarmist rep- hance the moral authority of the United States that we should pursue containment; resentations yet undocumented. in the world today and it will not set the stage and then they argue that if neither de- Some of us have begun to speculate about for peace nor ensure that are providing for a terrence nor containment work, we the cost that a war in Iraq might be. And while more peaceful or stable world community. should wait until a first strike is our economy now suffers because of cor- Instead, as we ensure that Iraq does not launched and then we should respond. porate abuse and 2 years of a declining econ- possess illegal weapons, we should make Well, I would respond by saying his- omy with high unemployment, I cannot help good on the promise to the people that we tory has proven sadly over the history but to shudder when I think of what the cost made in the passage of the 1998 Iraqi Libera- of the Saddam Hussein regime that de- might be—not only in dollars—but in human tion Act. We should do all that we can to as- terrence does not work. This is a man lives as well. My constituents, in flooding my sist the people of Iraq because as President who has proven by his conduct over and offices with calls and e-mails all vehemently Dwight Eisenhower said, ‘‘I like to believe that over again that he cannot be deterred. opposed to going to war, have expressed their people in the long run are going to do more This is a man who will not respond to concerns about the unacceptable costs of war. to promote peace than our governments. In- the kind of signals that the rest of the One Houston resident wrote, ‘‘This is a war deed, I think that people want peace so much world sends in hopes that a world lead- that would cost more in money and lives that that one of these days, governments had bet- er would respond. Although we have at- I am willing to support committing, and than I ter get out of the way and let them have it.’’ tempted containment, this is a man believe the threat warrants. Attacking Iraq is a I oppose this resolution—H.J. Res. 114. who has proven he will not respond to distraction from, not a continuation of the ‘war Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, it is my containment. on terrorism’.’’ I truly share this woman’s con- pleasure to yield such time as he may At the end of the Gulf War, he agreed cerns. In World War II, we lost 250,000 brave consume to the distinguished gen- to a number of things that we are all Americans who responded to the deadly at- tleman from Arizona (Mr. SHADEGG). now painfully aware of and that have tack on Pearl Harbor and the ensuing battles Mr. SHADEGG. Mr. Speaker, I thank been covered in this debate. He agreed across Europe and Asia. In the Korean war, the gentleman for yielding me this to end his efforts to procure chemical nearly 34,000 Americans were killed, and we time, and I am pleased and privileged and biological weapons. He agreed to suffered more than 58,000 casualties in Viet- to join this serious debate. end his efforts to obtain nuclear weap- nam. The possible conflict in Iraq that the I want to talk on a number of issues ons. He agreed to end his efforts to President has been contemplating for months that I think are very, very important have and to develop long-term missiles now risks incalculable deaths because there is to us as we confront the decision we and other delivery systems. And yet no way of knowing what the international im- must make and the vote we must take none of those have worked. plications may be. Consistent talk of regime tomorrow. I want to talk about the se- At the end of the day, deterrence and change by force, a goal not shared by any of riousness of this issue. I want to talk containment simply have proven, over the allies in the United Nations, only pours fuel about the question of preemption and a pattern of 11 years, not to work. His

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I want to make it We had an opportunity to meet with ness to use those weapons and to use clear that no one wants war. Not a sin- them in Bahrain the first night they them perhaps secretly, we cannot wait. gle Member of this body would choose reached there. One of my colleagues I listened to the debate last night, and war. And this resolution, as the Presi- who was there is here tonight on the I was very impressed with it. One of my dent said the other night, does not other side of the aisle. We spent 2 to 21⁄2 colleagues in this institution came to mean that war is either imminent or hours talking with weapons inspectors the floor and made an impassioned unavoidable. The President made it who had just been kicked out of Bagh- speech against this resolution and said, clear he does not want war. But I would dad. we absolutely should wait, and he cited urge my colleagues that there are some They made some serious impressions the Revolutionary War and the com- certainties. One of those is that the upon me which I will never forget. One mand to our troops to wait until fired best way to prevent war is to be pre- was echoed in the President’s speech upon. I would suggest to my colleagues pared for war. last night, and that is the Iraq people that when we have an enemy who has are not our enemy. In fact, weapons in- b 1930 chemical and biological weapons of the spectors explained to us that when in- nature of those that this enemy has, we The best way to prevent such a war is dividual Iraqis would learn that a given simply cannot wait. to send clear and unmistakable signals. weapons inspector was an American, VX nerve gas kills by paralyzing the He has unarmed aerial vehicles. That is they would say, America, great place. I central nervous system and can result to say, he has model airplanes, and he have a sister in San Francisco. I have in death in 10 minutes. Sarin nerve gas, has larger airplanes which can be oper- a brother in Philadelphia. cyclosarin nerve gas, mustard gas. I am ated by remote control. The President said it right the other afraid the words ‘‘chemical weapons’’ It has been pointed out that, given night. The Iraqi people are not our en- have lost their meaning; but they his lack of trust, an unmanned aerial emies, but they delivered another mes- should not, because they are abhorrent vehicle, an unmanned airplane, is the sage to us and made another impres- weapons, and he has them. There is no perfect weapon for this leader, this in- sion. That is, they explained to us care- doubt. sane leader, to use, because he does not fully, six congressmen in a hotel room Biological weapons. He has anthrax. have to trust a pilot who might not fol- in Bahrain, now 7 years ago, they said, He has botulism toxin. He has aflatoxin low orders. He has the operator of a re- make no mistake about it, every time and he has resin toxin. It would be bad mote-controlled vehicle standing next they got close to making a real dis- enough if he simply had those, but we to him. If, in fact, the pilot were to covery, every time they were at the know more. He has them and he has choose to not drop his load, there door of a facility that they were con- tried to develop strains of them that would be little he could do in a manned vinced was producing chemical and bio- are resistent to the best drugs we have, aircraft to that pilot. But in an un- logical weapons, there would be a stall, resistent to our antibiotics. That is to manned aerial vehicle, equipped with a there would be a delay. They would be forced to stand outside the gates of say he has them, he could use them, chemical or biological weapon, he re- that building for hours and hours while and not until they had been used could mains in control; and it could easily be the inside was obviously being cleaned we discover that the best our science done. He could bring that kind of weapon up. has cannot match them. Indeed, they would sometimes, when Now, why can we not wait, given that to our shores in a commercial ship like they got savvy to this, the inspectors type of history and that type of chem- the hundreds lined up right now off the would send somebody around to the ical? Because the reality is we do not coast of California and launch them back gate and watch the equipment, know when he will strike. He could in- from there, and we would not know watch the trucks roll out the back deed strike and we would not know it about the attack until after it was done. door. for days or weeks, until it began to There is no question but that an in- It seems to me that we cannot wait manifest itself. spection regime where they are deter- But let us talk also about the whole under these circumstances; and it mined to deceive you, where they are seems to me that he has proven beyond possibility of him using terrorists. We determined to deny you access to some a doubt that deterrence and contain- talk a lot about him, and we get de- locations, and where they have mobile ceived by this discussion of he does not ment, although we have tried them, facilities is no inspection regime at all. have a long-range missile that can simply will not work. I do not want war. No one wants war. reach the United States, because he One colleague pointed out he has But I am convinced that the risk of does not have aircraft that can reach chemical and biological weapons; and waiting is indeed too high. the United States, we ought not to in time, because he is seeking them, he I do not believe, and I agree with one worry about those. We talk about the will have nuclear weapons. It was also of my colleagues on the other side of issue that it could be months or a year pointed out that if we want to rely the aisle who said, I do not believe that before he could develop a nuclear weap- upon a scheme of inspections, and my Saddam Hussein will ever submit to a on. All of those are false pretexts. All constituents back home would hope legitimate inspection regime. But I of those are serious mistakes. that we could rely on inspections. I know this much, he will never submit The reality is that if he chooses to would hope that also. But make no to such an inspection regime until and deliver those weapons through any of mistake about it, there are two serious unless it is backed by credible threat of the means that we know he possibly flaws. force. That is what we are talking could. By handing them in a backpack An inspection regime that relies on about here tonight. to a terrorist, we might never know inspecting a country where hundreds of We also on that trip went and visited that it was Saddam Hussein that deliv- acres are off limits, cannot be gone our American troops enforcing the no- ered the weapon. And if he chooses to into, the presidential palaces that are fly zone, both the southern and the use chemical or biological weapons for there, an inspection regime that relies northern no-fly zone. The American such an attack, we might not know on that is not an inspection regime at people deserve to know that we have until hundreds, indeed until thousands, all. But an inspection regime where we been at a state of war with this regime perhaps tens of thousands, perhaps mil- know to a moral certainty that he has for 11 years. He has fired on our pilots lions of Americans were infected and mobile production facilities is an in- over and over and over again. He prob- fatally wounded and would die, and we spection regime that will give us false ably fired on them today. He has cer- would not know until afterwards. hope. tainly fired on them within the last

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We know volt against the regime of Saddam Hussein, trated the basement, but the dark provided a over time Saddam Hussein’s weapons and its inhabitants were supporters of the strange comfort. ‘‘We wanted to stay in hid- regime will grow, and the threat will peshmerga, the Kurdish fighters whose name ing, even though we were getting sick,’’ become worse. We do not want war, but means ‘‘those who face death.’’ Nasreen said. She felt a sharp pain in her it would appear doing nothing is the A young woman named Nasreen Abdel eyes, like stabbing needles. ‘‘My sister came one way to ensure war. Qadir Muhammad was outside her family’s close to my face and said, ‘Your eyes are I believe to the depth of my soul that house, preparing food, when she saw the heli- very red.’ Then the children started throwing up. They kept throwing up. They were in this resolution is a measured and copter. The Iranians and the peshmerga had just attacked Iraqi military outposts around so much pain, and crying so much. They thoughtful proposal to achieve one Halabja, forcing Saddam’s soldiers to re- were crying all the time. My mother was thing, and that is the disarmament of treat. Iranian Revolutionary Guards then in- crying. Then the old people started throwing Iraq and the Saddam Hussein regime, filtrated the city, and the residents assumed up.’’ hopefully by peace, but if necessary by that an Iraqi counterattack was imminent. Chemical weapons had been dropped on force. Nasreen and her family expected to spend Halabja by the Iraqi Air Force, which under- I think we know that it has the po- yet another day in their cellar, which was stood that any underground shelter would become a gas chamber. ‘‘My uncle said we tential of creating the coalition we all crude and dark but solid enough to with- stand artillery shelling, and even napalm. should go outside,’’ Nasreen said. ‘‘We knew want. If America sends a weak signal ‘‘At about ten o’clock, maybe closer to there were chemicals in the air. We were get- and says we are not sure of our course, ten-thirty, I saw the helicopter,’’ Nasreen ting red eyes, and some of us had liquid com- we are not sure of our path, how can we told me. ‘‘It was not attacking, though. ing out of them. We decided to run.’’ Nasreen even hope to bring into our ranks and There were men inside it, taking pictures. and her relatives stepped outside gingerly. to our side allies in a battle against an One had a regular camera, and the other held ‘‘Our cow was lying on its side,’’ she recalled. insane leader such as Saddam Hussein? what looked like a video camera. They were ‘‘It was breathing very fast, as if it had been running. The leaves were falling off the I think we also know, those of us who coming very close. Then they went away.’’ Nasreen thought that the sight was trees, even though it was spring. The par- intend to vote for this resolution, it strange, but she was preoccupied with lunch; tridge was dead. There were smoke clouds holds a second potential and that is it she and her sister Rangeen were preparing around, clinging to the ground. The gas was could lead the United Nations, indeed, rice, bread, and beans for the thirty or forty heavier than the air, and it was finding the I am prayerful, as is the President, relatives who were taking shelter in the cel- wells and going down the wells.’’ that it will lead the United Nations to lar. Rangeen was fifteen at the time. Nasreen The family judged the direction of the rise to its obligations, to make its res- was just sixteen, but her father had married wind, and decided to run the opposite way. her off several months earlier, to a cousin, a Running proved difficult. ‘‘The children olutions meaningful, to remove itself couldn’t walk, they were so sick,’’ Nasreen from the irrelevancy that it currently thirty-year-old physician’s assistant named Bakhtiar Abdul Aziz. Halabja is a conserv- said. ‘‘They were exhausted from throwing has by not enforcing its resolutions, ative place, and many more women wear the up. We carried them in our arms.’’ and to stand with strength and to say veil than in the more cosmopolitan Kurdish Across the city, other families were making similar decisions. Nouri Hama Ali, who once and for all to this vicious dic- cities to the northwest and the Arab cities to lived in the northern part of town, decided to tator, we will not let you flaunt the the south. lead his family in the direction of Anab, a rule of law and the requirements im- The bombardment began shortly before eleven. The Iraqi Army, positioned on the collective settlement on the outskirts of posed by the U.N. Halabja that housed Kurds displaced when It could indeed cause Saddam Hus- main road from the nearby town of Sayid Sadiq, fired artillery shells into Halabja, and the Iraqi Army destroyed their villages. ‘‘On sein to come to his senses. I hope it the Air Force began dropping what is the road to Anab, many of the women and will. thought to have been napalm on the town, children began to die,’’ Nouri told me. ‘‘The chemical clouds were on the ground. They I know failing to act involves too especially the northern area. Nasreen and were heavy. We could see them.’’ People were great a risk. Failing to act exposes not Rangeen rushed to the cellar. Nasreen dying all around, he said. When a child could prayed that Bakhtiar, who was then outside just the people of his nation, whom he not go on, the parents, becoming hysterical the city, would find shelter. has terrorized and butchered and tor- with fear, abandoned him. ‘‘Many children tured, to suffer longer. The attack had ebbed by about two o’clock, and Nasreen made her way carefully were left on the ground, by the side of the We know the dimensions to which he upstairs to the kitchen, to get the food for road. Old people as well. They were running, will go. We know the threat. We know the family. ‘‘At the end of the bombing, the then they would stop breathing and die.’’ Nasreen’s family did not move quickly. he will in fact and has used violence of sound changed,’’ she said. ‘‘It wasn’t so loud. ‘‘We wanted to wash ourselves off and find every dimension against his own peo- It was like pieces of metal just dropping water to drink,’’ she said. ‘‘We wanted to ple, and we know for a moral certainty without exploding. We didn’t know why it wash the faces of the children who were vom- he will bring that aggression against was so quiet.’’ iting. The children were crying for water. A short distance away, in a neighborhood the rest of the world if not stopped. There was powder on the ground, white. We still called the Julakan, or Jewish quarter, No one is happy about this moment, couldn’t decide whether to drink the water even though Halabja’s Jews left for Israel in or not, but some people drank the water but I believe it is the right course and, the nineteen-fifties, a middle-aged man for those who truly want peace, the from the well they were so thirsty.’’ named Muhammad came up from his own They ran in a panic through the city, only course. cellar and saw an unusual sight: ‘‘A heli- Nasreen recalled, in the direction of Anab. Mr. Speaker, I include for the copter had come back to the town, and the The bombardment continued intermittently, RECORD a column from the New Yorker soldiers were throwing white pieces of paper Air Force planes circling overhead. ‘‘People written by Jeffrey Goldberg. It is out the side.’’ In retrospect, he understood were showing different symptoms. One per- called ‘‘The Great Terror.’’ It is an that they were measuring wind speed and di- son touched some of the powder, and her interview of the people who were the rection. Nearby, a man named Awat Omer, skin started bubbling.’’ who was twenty at the time, was over- victims of Saddam Hussein’s attack on A truck came by, driven by a neighbor. whelmed by a smell of garlic and apples. People threw themselves aboard. ‘‘We saw his own people. It documents his mur- Nasreen gathered the food quickly, but people lying frozen on the ground,’’ Nasreen der of some 50,000 to 200,000 Kurds. she, too, noticed a series of odd smells car- told me. ‘‘There was a small baby on the [From the New Yorker, Mar. 25, 2002] ried into the house by the wind. ‘‘At first, it ground, away from her mother. I thought smelled bad, like garbage,’’ she said. ‘‘And THE GREAT TERROR they were both sleeping. But she had dropped then it was a good smell, like sweet apples. the baby and then died. And I think the baby (By Jeffrey Goldberg) Then like eggs.’’ Before she went downstairs, tried to crawl away, but it died, too. It In northern Iraq, there is new evidence of she happened to check on a caged partridge looked like everyone was sleeping.’’ Saddam Hussein’s genocidal war on the that her father kept in the house. ‘‘The bird At that moment, Nasreen believed that she Kurds—and of his possible ties to Al Qaeda. was dying,’’ she said. ‘‘It was on its side.’’ and her family would make it to high ground In the late morning of March 16, 1988, an She looked out the window. ‘‘It was very and live. Then the truck stopped. ‘‘The driv- Iraqi Air Force helicopter appeared over the quiet, but the animals were dying. The sheep er said he couldn’t go on, and he wandered city of Halabja, which is about fifteen miles and goats were dying.’’ Nasreen ran to the away. He left his wife in the back of the from the border with Iran. The Iran-Iraq War cellar. ‘‘I told everybody there was some- truck. He told us to flee if we could. The was then in its eighth year, and Halabja was thing wrong. There was something wrong chemicals affected his brain, because why near the front lines. At the time, the city with the air.’’ else would someone abandon his family?’’

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00095 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 As heavy clouds of gas smothered the city, found that Nasreen was alive but blind. Ev- A week after I met Nasreen, I visited a people became sick and confused. Awat Omer erybody was blind.’’ small village called Goktapa, situated in a was trapped in his cellar with his family; he Nasreen had lost her sight about an hour green valley that is ringed by snow-covered said that his brother began laughing uncon- or two before Bakhtiar found her. She had mountains. Goktapa came under poison-gas trollably and then stripped off his clothes, been searching the house for food, so that attack six weeks after Halabja. The village and soon afterward he died. As night fell, the she could feed the children, when her eye- consists of low mud-brick houses along dirt family’s children grew sicker—too sick to sight failed. ‘‘I found some milk and I felt paths. In Goktapa, an old man named Ahmed move. my way to them and then I found their Raza Sharif told me that on the day of the Nasreen’s husband could not be found, and mouths and gave them milk,’’ she said. attack on Goktapa, May 3, 1988, he was in she began to think that all was lost. She led Bakhtiar organized the children. ‘‘I wanted the fields outside the village. He saw the the children who were able to walk up the to bring them to the well. I washed their shells explode and smelled the sweet-apple road. heads. I took them two by two and washed odor as poison filled the air. His son, Osman In another neichborhood, Muhammad their heads. Some of them couldn’t come. Ahmed, who was sixteen at the time, was Ahmed Fattah, who was twenty, was over- They couldn’t control their muscles. ‘‘ near the village mosque when he was felled Bakhtiar still had one syringe of atropine, whelmed by an oddly sweet odor of sulfur, by the gas. He crawled down a hill and died but he did not inject his wife; she was not and he, too, realized that he must evacuate among the reeds on the banks of the Lesser the worst off in the group. ‘‘There was a his family; there were about a hundred and Zab, the river that flows by the village. His woman named Asme, who was my neighbor,’’ sixty people wedged into the cellar. ‘‘I saw father knew that he was dead, but he Bakhtiar recalled. ‘‘She was not able to the bomb drop,’’ Muhammad told me. ‘‘It couldn’t reach the body. As many as a hun- breathe. She was yelling and she was run- was about thirty metres from the house. I dred and fifty people died in the attack; the ning into a wall, crashing her head into a shut the door to the cellar. There was shout- survivors fled before the advancing Iraqi wall. I gave the atropine to this woman.’’ ing and crying in the cellar, and then people Army, which levelled the village. Ahmed Asme died soon afterward. ‘‘I could have became short of breath.’’ One of the first to Raza Sharif did not return for three years. be stricken by the gas was Muhammad’s used it for Nasreen,’’ Bakhtiar said. ‘‘I could have.’’ When he did, he said, he immediately began brother Salah. ‘‘His eyes were pink,’’ Mu- searching for his son’s body. He found it still hammad recalled. ‘‘There was something After the Iraqi bombardment subsided, the Iranians managed to retake Halabja, and lying in the reeds. ‘‘I recognized his body coming out of his eyes. He was so thirsty he right away,’’ he said. was demanding water.’’ Others in the base- they evacuated many of the sick, including Nasreen and the others in her family, to hos- The summer sun in Iraq is blisteringly hot, ment began suffering tremors. and a corpse would be unidentifiable three March 16th was supposed to be pitals in Tehran. Nasreen was blind for twenty days. ‘‘I was years after death. I tried to find a gentle way Muhammad’s wedding day. ‘‘Every prepara- thinking the whole time, Where is my fam- to express my doubts, but my translator tion was done,’’ he said. His fiancee, a ily? But I was blind. I couldn’t do anything. made it clear to Sharif that I didn’t believe woman named Bahar Jamal, was among the I asked my husband about my mother, but he him. first in the cellar to die. ‘‘She was crying said he didn’t know anything. He was look- We were standing in the mud yard of an- very hard,’’ Muhammad recalled. ‘‘I tried to ing in hospitals, he said. He was avoiding the other old man, Ibrahim Abdul Rahman. calm her down. I told her it was just the question.’’ Twenty or thirty people, a dozen boys among usual artillery shells, but it didn’t smell the The Iranian Red Crescent Society, the them, had gathered. Some of them seemed usual way weapons smelled. She was smart, equivalent of the Red Cross, began compiling upset that I appeared to doubt the story, but she knew what was happening. She died on books of photographs, pictures of the dead in Ahmed hushed them. ‘‘It’s true, he lost all the stairs. Her father tried to help her, but it Halabja. ‘‘The Red Crescent has an album of the flesh on his body,’’ he said. ‘‘He was just was too late.’’ the people who were buried in Iran,’’ Nasreen a skeleton. But the clothes were his, and Death came quickly to others as well. A said. ‘‘And we found my mother in one of the they were still on the skeleton, a belt and a woman named Hamida Mahmoud tried to albums.’’ Her father, she discovered, was shirt. In the pocket of his shirt I found the save her two-year-old daughter by allowing alive but permanently blinded. Five of her key to our tractor. That’s where he always her to nurse from her breast. Hamida siblings, including Rangeen, had died. kept the key.’’ thought that the baby wouldn’t breathe in Nasreen would live, the doctors said, but Some of the men still seemed concerned the gas if she was nursing, Muhammad said, she kept a secret from Bakhtiar: ‘‘When I that I would leave Goktapa doubting their adding, ‘‘The baby’s name was Dashneh. She was in the hospital, I started menstruating. truthfulness. Ibrahim, the man in whose nursed for a long time. Her mother died It wouldn’t stop. I kept bleeding. We don’t yard we were standing, called out a series of while she was nursing. But she kept nurs- talk about this in our society, but eventu- orders to the boys gathered around us. They ing.’’ By the time Muhammad decided to go ally a lot of women in the hospital confessed dispersed, to houses and storerooms, return- outside, most of the people in the basement they were also menstruating and couldn’t ing moments later holding jagged pieces of were unconscious; many were dead, including stop.’’ Doctors gave her drugs that stopped metal, the remnants of the bombs that his parents and three of his siblings. the bleeding, but they told her that she poisoned Goktapa. Ceremoniously, the boys Nasreen said that on the road to Anab all would be unable to bear children. dropped the pieces of metal at my feet. was confusion. She and the children were Nasreen stayed in Iran for several months, ‘‘Here are the mercies of Uncle Saddam,’’ running toward the hills, but they were but eventually she and Bakhtiar returned to Ibrahim said. going blind. ‘‘The children were crying, ’We Kurdistan. She didn’t believe the doctors 2. THE AFTERMATH can’t see! My eyes are bleeding!’ ‘‘ In the who told her that she would be infertile, and chaos, the family got separated. Nasreen’s in 1991 she gave birth to a boy. ‘‘We named The story of Halabja did not end the night mother and father were both lost. Nasreen him Arazoo,’’ she said. Arazoo means hope in the Iraqi Air Force planes returned to their and several of her cousins and siblings inad- Kurdish. ‘‘He was healthy at first, but he had bases. The Iranians invited the foreign press vertently led the younger children in a cir- a hole in his heart. He died at the age of to record the devastation. Photographs of cle, back into the city. Someone—she doesn’t three months.’’ the victims, supine, bleached of color, lit- know who—led them away from the city I met Nasreen last month in Erbil, the tering the gutters and alleys of the town, again and up a hill, to a small mosque, where largest city in Iraqi Kurdistan. She is thirty horrified the world. Saddam Hussein’s at- they sought shelter. ‘‘But we didn’t stay in now, a pretty woman with brown eyes and tacks on his own citizens mark the only time the mosque, because we thought it would be high cheekbones, but her face is expression- since the Holocaust that poison gas has been a target,’’ Nasreen said. They went to a less. She doesn’t seek pity; she would, how- used to exterminate women and children. small house nearby, and Nasreen scrambled ever, like a doctor to help her with a cough Saddam’s cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid, who to find food and water for the children. By that she’s had ever since the attack, four- led the campaigns against the Kurds in the then, it was night, and she was exhausted. teen years ago. Like many of Saddam Hus- late eighties, was heard on a tape captured Bakhtiar, Nasreen’s husband, was frantic. sein’s victims, she tells her story without by rebels, and later obtained by Human Outside the city when the attacks started, emotion. Rights Watch, addressing members of Iraq’s he had spent much of the day searching for During my visit to Kurdistan, I talked ruling Baath Party on the subject of the his wife and the rest of his family. He had ac- with more than a hundred victims of Kurds. ‘‘I will kill them all with chemical quired from a clinic two syringes of atropine, Saddam’s campaign against the Kurds. Sad- weapons!’’ he said. ‘‘Who is going to say any- a drug that helps to counter the effects of dam has been persecuting the Kurds ever thing? The international community? Fuck nerve agents. He injected himself with one of since he took power, more than twenty years them! The international community and the syringes, and set out to find Nasreen. He ago. Several old women whose husbands were those who listen to them.’’ had no hope. ‘‘My plan was to bury her,’’ he killed by Saddam’s security services ex- Attempts by Congress in 1988 to impose said. ‘‘At least I should bury my new wife.’’ pressed a kind of animal hatred toward him, sanctions on Iraq were stifled by the Reagan After hours of searching, Bakhtiar met but most people, like Nasreen, told stories of and Bush Administrations, and the story of some neighbors, who remembered seeing horrific cruelty with a dispassion and a pre- Saddam’s surviving victims might have van- Nasreen and the children moving toward the cision that underscored their credibility. ished completely had it not been for the re- mosque on the hill. ‘‘I called out the name Credibility is important to the Kurds; after porting of people like Randal and the work Nasreen,’’ he said. ‘‘I heard crying, and I all this time, they still feel that the world of a British documentary filmmaker named went inside the house. When I got there, I does not believe their story. Gwynne Roberts, who, after hearing stories

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00096 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7401 about a sudden spike in the incidence of est that the West would want to study the cratic Party, led by Massoud Barzani, and birth defects and cancers, not only in long-term effects of chemical weapons on ci- the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, whose Halabja but also in other parts of Kurdistan, vilians, on the DNA,’’ she told me. ‘‘I’ve seen General Secretary is Jalal Talabani. The two had made some disturbing films on the sub- Europe’s worst cancers, but, believe me, I parties have had an often angry relationship, ject. However, no Western government or have never seen cancers like the ones I saw and in the mid-nineties they fought a war United Nations agency took up the cause. in Kurdistan.’’ that left about a thousand soldiers dead. The In 1998, Roberts brought an Englishwoman According to an ongoing survey conducted parties, realizing that they could not rule to- named Christine Gosden to Kurdistan. by a team of Kurdish physicians and orga- gether, decided to rule apart, dividing Gosden is a medical geneticist and a pro- nized by Gosden and a small advocacy group Kurdistan into two zones. The internal polit- fessor at the medical school of the Univer- called the Washington Kurdish Institute, ical divisions have not aided the Kurds’ sity of Liverpool. She spent three weeks in more than two hundred towns and villages cause, but neighboring states also have fo- the hospitals in Kurdistan, and came away across Kurdistan were attacked by poison mented disunity, fearing that a unified Kurd- determined to help the Kurds. To the best of gas—far more than was previously thought— ish population would agitate for independ- my knowledge, Gosden is the only Western in the course of seventeen months. The num- ence. scientist who has even begun making a sys- ber of victims is unknown, but doctors I met Turkey, with a Kurdish population of be- tematic study of what took place in northern in Kurdistan believe that up to ten per cent tween fifteen and twenty million, has re- Iraq. of the population of northern Iraq—nearly pressed the Kurds in the eastern part of the Gosden told me that her father was a high- four million people—has been exposed to country, politically and militarily, on and ranking officer in the Royal Air Force, and chemical weapons. ‘‘Saddam Hussein off since the founding of the modern Turkish ¨ that as a child she lived in Germany, near poisoned northern Iraq,’’ Gosden said when I state. In 1924, the government of Ataturk re- Bergen-Belsen. ‘‘It’s tremendously influen- left for Halabja. ‘‘The questions, then, are stricted the use of the Kurdish language (a law not lifted until 1991) and expressions of tial in your early years to live near a con- what to do? And what comes next?’’ centration camp,’’ she said. In Kurdistan, Kurdish culture; to this day, the Kurds are 3. HALABJA’S DOCTORS she heard echoes of the German campaign to referred to in nationalist circles as ‘‘moun- destroy the Jews. ‘‘The Iraqi government The Kurdish people, it is often said, make tain Turks.’’ was using chemistry to reduce the popu- up the largest stateless nation in the world. Turkey is not eager to see Kurds anywhere lation of Kurds,’’ she said. ‘‘The Holocaust is They have been widely despised by their draw attention to themselves, which is why still having its effect. The Jews are fewer in neighbors for centuries. There are roughly the authorities in Ankara refused to let me number now than they were in 1939. That’s twenty-five million Kurds, most of them cross the border into Iraqi Kurdistan. Iran, not natural. Now, if you take out two hun- spread across four countries in southwestern whose Kurdish population numbers between dred thousand men and boys from Asia: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. The six and eight million, was not helpful, either, Kurdistan’’—an estimate of the number of Kurds are neither Arab, Persian, nor Turk- and my only option for gaining entrance to Kurdistan was through its third neighbor, Kurds who were gassed or otherwise mur- ish; they are a distinct ethnic group, with Syria. The Kurdistan Democratic Party ar- dered in the campaign, most of whom were their own culture and language. Most Kurds ranged for me to be met in Damascus and men and boys—‘‘you’ve affected the popu- are Muslim (the most famous Muslim hero of taken to the eastern desert city of El lation structure. There are a lot of widows all, Saladin, who defeated the Crusaders, was Qamishli. From there, I was driven in a Land who are not having children.’’ of Kurdish origin), but there are Jewish and Richard Butler, an Australian diplomat Christian Kurds, and also followers of the Cruiser to the banks of the Tigris River, who chaired the United Nations weapons-in- Yezidi religion, which has its roots in Sufism where a small wooden boat, with a crew of spection team in Iraq, describes Gosden as ‘‘a and Zoroastrianism. The Kurds are experi- one and an outboard motor, was waiting. The engine sputtered; when I learned that the classic English, old-school-tie kind of per- enced mountain fighters, who tend toward forward lines of the Iraqi Army were two son.’’ Butler has tracked her research since stubbornness and have frequent bouts of de- miles downstream, I began to paddle, too. On she began studying the attacks, four years structive infighting the other side of the river were representa- ago, and finds it credible. ‘‘Occasionally, After centuries of domination by foreign tives of the Kurdish Democratic Party and people say that this is Christine’s obsession, powers, the Kurds had their best chance at the peshmerga, the Kurdish guerrillas, who but obsession is not a bad thing,’’ he added. independence after the First World War, Before I went to Kurdistan, in January, I when President Woodrow Wilson promised wore pantaloons and turbans and were armed spent a day in London with Gosden. We gos- the Kurds, along with other groups left drift- with AK–47s. ‘‘Welcome to Kurdistan’’ read a sign at the siped a bit, and she scolded me for having ing, and exposed by the collapse of the Otto- water’s edge greeting visitors to a country visited a Washington shopping mall without man Empire, a large measure of autonomy. But the machinations of the great powers, that does not exist. appropriate protective equipment. Whenever Halabja is a couple of hundred miles from who were becoming interested in Kurdistan’s she goes to a mall, she brings along a poly- the Syrian border, and I spent a week cross- vast oil deposits, in Mosul and Kirkuk, urethane bag, ‘‘big enough to step into’’ and ing northern Iraq, making stops in the cities quickly did the Kurds out of a state. a bottle of bleach. ‘‘I can detoxify myself im- of Dahuk and Erbil on the way. I was handed In the nineteen-seventies, the Iraqi Kurds mediately,’’ she said. over to representatives of the Patriotic allied themselves with the Shah of Iran in a Gosden believes it is quite possible that Union, which controls Halabja, at a demili- territorial dispute with Iraq. America, the the countries of the West will soon experi- tarized zone west of the town of Koysinjaq. Shah’s patron, once again became the Kurds’ ence chemical and biological-weapons at- From there, it was a two-hour drive over patron, too, supplying them with arms for a tacks far more serious and of greater lasting steep mountains to Sulaimaniya, a city of revolt against Baghdad. But a secret deal be- effect than the anthrax incidents of last au- six hundred and fifty thousand, which is the tween the Iraqis and the Shah, arranged in tumn and the nerve-agent attack on the cultural capital of Iraqi Kurdistan. In 1975 by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Tokyo subway system several years ago— Sulaimaniya, I met Fouad Baban, one of that what happened in Kurdistan was only cut off the Kurds and brought about their in- Kurdistan’s leading physicians, who prom- the beginning. ‘‘For Saddam’s scientists, the stant collapse; for the Kurds, it was an ugly ised to guide me through the scientific and Kurds were a test population,’’ she said. betrayal. political thickets of Halabja. ‘‘They were the human guinea pigs. It was a The Kurdish safe haven, in northern Iraq, Baban, a pulmonary and cardiac specialist way of identifying the most effective chem- was born of another American betrayal. In who has survived three terms in Iraqi pris- ical agents for use on civilian populations, 1991, after the United States helped drive ons, is sixty years old, and a man of impish and the most effective means of delivery.’’ Iraq out of Kuwait, President George Bush good humor. He is the Kurdistan coordinator The charge is supported by others. An Iraqi ignored an uprising that he himself had of the Halabja Medical Institute, which was defector, Khidhir Hamza, who is the former stoked, and Kurds and Shiites in Iraq were founded by Gosden, Michael Amitay, the ex- director of Saddam’s nuclear-weapons pro- slaughtered by the thousands. Thousands ecutive director of the Washington Kurdish gram, told me earlier this year that before more fled the country, the Kurds going to Institute, and a coalition of Kurdish doctors; the attack on Balabja military doctors had Turkey, and almost immediately creating a for the doctors, it is an act of bravery to be mapped the city, and that afterward they en- humanitarian disaster. The Bush Adminis- publicly associated with a project whose sci- tered it wearing protective clothing, in order tration, faced with a televised catastrophe, entific findings could be used as evidence if to study the dispersal of the dead. ‘‘These declared northern Iraq a no-fly zone and thus Saddam Hussein faced a war-crimes tribunal. were field tests, an experiment on a town,’’ a safe haven, a tactic that allowed the refu- Saddam’s agents are everywhere in the Kurd- Hamza told me. He said that he had direct gees to return home. And so, under the pro- ish zone, and his tanks sit forty miles from knowledge of the Army’s procedures that tective shield of the United States and Brit- Baban’s office. day in Halabja. ‘‘The doctors were given ish Air Forces, the unplanned Kurdish exper- Soon after I arrived in Sulaimanya, Baban sheets with grids on them, and they had to iment in self-government began. Although and I headed out in his Toyota Camry for answer questions such as ‘How far are the the Kurdish safe haven is only a virtual Halabja. On a rough road, we crossed the dead from the cannisters?’ ’’ state, it is an incipient democracy, a home of plains of Sharazoor, a region of black earth Gosden said that she cannot understand progressive Islamic thought and pro-Amer- and honey-colored wheat ringed by jagged, why the West has not been more eager to in- ican feeling. snow-topped mountains. We were not travel- vestigate the chemical attacks in Kurdistan. Today, Iraqi Kurdistan is split between ling alone. The Mukhabarat, the Iraqi intel- ‘‘It seems a matter of enlightened self-inter- two dominant parties: the Kurdistan Demo- ligence service, is widely reported to have

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00097 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7402 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 placed a bounty on the heads of Western colon cancer in Halabja with those in the showed me—children born with six or seven journalists caught in Kurdistan (either ten city of Chamchamal, which was not attacked toes on each foot, children whose fingers and thousand dollars or twenty thousand dollars, with chemical weapons. ‘‘We are seeing rates toes are fused, and children who suffer from depending on the source of the information). of colon cancer five times higher in Halabja leukemia and liver cancer. The areas around the border with Iran are than in Chamchamal,’’ he said. I met Sarkar, a shy and intelligent boy filled with Tehran’s spies, and members of There are other anomalies as well, Baban with a harelip, a cleft palate, and a growth Ansar al-Islam, an Islamist terror group, said. The rate of miscarriage in Halabja, ac- on his spine. Sarkar had a brother born with were said to be decapitating people in the cording to initial survey results, is fourteen the same set of malformations, the doctor Halabja area. So the Kurds had laid on a times the rate of miscarriage in told me, but the brother choked to death, rather elaborate security detail. A Land Chamchamal; rates of infertility among men while still a baby, on a grain of rice. Cruiser carrying peshmerga guerrillas led and women in the affected population are Meanwhile, more victims had gathered in the way, and we were followed by another many times higher than normal. ‘‘We’re find- the hallway; the people of Halabja do not Land Cruiser, on whose bed was mounted an ing Hiroshima levels of sterility,’’ he said. often have a chance to tell their stories to anti-aircraft weapon manned by six Then, there is the suspicion about snakes. foreigners. Some of them wanted to know if peshmerga, some of whom wore black bala- ‘‘Have you heard about the snakes?’’ he I was a surgeon, who had come to repair clavas. We were just south of the American- asked as we drove. I told him that I had their children’s deformities, and they were and British-enforced no-fly zone. I had been heard rumors. ‘‘We don’t know if a genetic disappointed to learn that I was a journalist. told that, at the beginning of the safe-haven mutation in the snakes has made them more The doctor and I soon left the hospital for a experiment, the Americans had warned toxic,’’ Baban went on, ‘‘or if the birds that walk through the northern neighborhoods of Saddam’s forces to stay away; a threat from eat the snakes were killed off in the attacks, Halabja, which were hardest hit in the at- the air, though unlikely, was, I deduced, not but there seem to be more snakebites, of tack. We were trailed by peshmerga carrying out of the question. greater toxicity, in Halabja now than be- AK–47s. The doctor smoked as we talked, and ‘‘It seems very important to know the im- fore.’’ (I asked Richard Spertzel, a scientist I teased him about his habit. ‘‘Smoking has mediate and long-term effects of chemical and a former member of the United Nations some good effect on the lungs,’’ he said, and biological weapons,’’ Baban said, begin- Special Commission inspections team, if this without irony. ‘‘In the attacks, there was ning, my tutorial. ‘‘Here is a civilian popu- was possible. Yes, he said, but such a rise in less effect on smokers. Their lungs were bet- lation exposed to chemical and possibly bio- snakebites was more likely due to ‘‘environ- ter equipped for the mustard gas, maybe.’’ logical weapons, and people are developing mental imbalances’’ than to mutations.) We walked through the alleyways of the many varieties of cancers and congenital ab- My conversation with Baban was suddenly Jewish quarter, past a former synagogue in normalities. The Americans are vulnerable interrupted by our guerrilla escorts, who which eighty or so Halabjans died during the to these weapons—they are cheap, and ter- stopped the car and asked me to join them in attack. Underfed cows wandered the paths. rorists possess them. So, after the anthrax one of the Land Cruisers; we veered off The doctor showed me several cellars where attacks in the States, I think it is urgent for across a wheat field, without explanation. I clusters of people had died. We knocked on scientific research to be done here.’’ was later told that we had been passing a the gate of one house, and were let in by an Experts now believe that Halabja and other mountain area that had recently had prob- old woman with a wide smile and few teeth. places in Kurdistan were struck by a com- lems with Islamic terrorists. In the Kurdish tradition, she immediately bination of mustard gas and nerve agents, in- We arrived in Halabja half an hour later. invited us for lunch. cluding sarin (the agent used in the Tokyo As you enter the city, you see a small statue She told us the recent history of the house. subway attack) and VX, a potent nerve modelled on the most famous photographic ‘‘Everyone who was in this house died,’’ she agent. Baban’s suggestion that biological image of the Halabj massacre: an old man, said. ‘‘The whole family. We heard there weapons may also have been used surprised prone and lifeless, shielding his dead grand- were one hundred people.’’ She led us to the me. One possible biological weapon that son with his body. cellar, which was damp and close. Rusted Baban mentioned was aflatoxin, which A torpor seems to afflict Halabja; even its yellow cans of vegetable ghee littered the causes long-term liver damage. bazaar is listless and somewhat empty, in floor. The room seemed too small to hold a A colleague of Baban’s, a surgeon who marked contrast to those of other Kurdish hundred people, but the doctor said that the practices in Dahuk, in northwestern cities, which are well stocked with imported estimate sounded accurate. I asked him if Kurdistan, and who is a member of the goods (history and circumstance have made cellars like this one had ever been decon- Halabja Medical Institute team, told me the Kurds enthusiastic smugglers) and are taminated. He smiled. ‘‘Nothing in Kurdistan more about the institute’s survey, which was full of noise and activity. ‘‘Everyone here is has been decontaminated,’’ he said. conducted in the Dahuk region in 1999. The sick,’’ a Halabja doctor told me. ‘‘The people 4. AL-ANFAL surveyors began, he said, by asking elemen- who aren’t sick are depressed.’’ He practices tary questions; eleven years after the at- at the Martyrs’’ Hospital, which is situated The chemical attacks on Halabja and tacks, they did not even know which villages on the outskirts of the city. The hospital has Goktapa and perhaps two hundred other vil- had been attacked. no heat and little advanced equipment; like lages and towns were only a small part of the ‘‘The team went to almost every village,’’ the city itself, it is in a dilapidated state. cataclysm that Saddam’s cousin, the man the surgeon said. ‘‘At first, we thought that The doctor is a thin, jumpy man in a tweed known as Ali Chemical, arranged for the the Dahuk governorate was the least af- jacket, and he smokes without pause. He and Kurds. The Kurds say that about two hun- fected. We knew of only two villages that Baban took me on a tour of the hospital. dred thousand were killed. (Human Rights were hit by the attacks. But we came up Afterward, we sat in a bare office, and a Watch, which in the early nineties published with twenty-nine in total. This is eleven woman was wheeled in. She looked seventy ‘‘Iraq’s Crime of Genocide,’’ a definitive years after the fact.’’ but said that she was fifty; doctors told me study of the attacks, gives a figure of be- The surgeon is professorial in appearance, she suffers from lung scarring so serious that tween fifty thousand and a hundred thou- but he is deeply angry. He doubles as a pedi- only a lung transplant could help, but there sand.) atric surgeon, because there are no pediatric are no transplant centers in Kurdistan. The The campaign against the Kurds was surgeons in Kurdistan. He has performed woman, whose name is Jayran Muhammad, dubbed al-Anfal by Saddam, after a chapter more than a hundred operations for cleft pal- lost eight relatives during the attack. Her in the Koran that allows conquering Muslim ate on children born since 1988. Most of the voice was almost inaudible. ‘‘I was disturbed armies to seize the spoils of their foes. It agents believed to have been dropped on psychologically for a long time,’’ she told me reads, in part, ‘‘Against them’’—your en- Halabja have short half-lives, but, as Baban as Baban translated. ‘‘I believed my children emies—‘‘make ready your strength to the ut- told me, ‘‘physicians are unsure how long were alive.’’ Baban told me that her lungs most of your power, including steeds of war, these toxins will affect the population. How would fail soon, that she could barely to strike terror into the hearts of the en- can we know agent half-life if we don’t know breathe. ‘‘She is waiting to die,’’ he said. I emies of Allah and your enemies, and others the agent?’’ He added, ‘‘If we knew the toxins met another woman, Chia Hammassat, who besides, whom ye may not know, but whom that were used, we could follow them and see was eight at the time of the attacks and has Allah doth know. Whatever ye shall spend in actions on spermatogenesis and ovogenesis.’’ been blind ever since. Her mother, she said, the cause of Allah, shall be repaid unto you, Increased rates of infertility, he said, are died of colon cancer several years ago, and and ye shall not be treated unjustly.’’ having a profound effect on Kurdish society, her brother suffers from chronic shortness of The Anfal campaign was not an end in which places great importance on large fami- breath. ‘‘There is no hope to correct my vi- itself, like the Holocaust, but a means to an lies. ‘‘You have men divorcing their wives sion,’’ she said, her voice flat. ‘‘I was mar- end—an instance of a policy that Samantha because they could not give birth, and then ried, but I couldn’t fulfill the responsibilities Power, who runs the Carr Center for Human marrying again, and then their second wives of a wife because I’m blind. My husband left Rights, at Harvard, calls ‘‘Instrumental can’t give birth, either,’’ he said. ‘‘Still, they me.’’ genocide.’’ Power has just published ‘‘A don’t blame their own problem with sper- Baban said that in Halabja ‘‘there are more Problem from Hell,’’ a study of American re- matogenesis.’’ abnormal births than normal ones,’’ and sponses to genocide. ‘‘There are regimes that Baban told me that the initial results of other Kurdish doctors told me that they reg- set out to murder every citizen of a race,’’ the Halabja Medical Institute-sponsored sur- ularly see children born with neural-tube de- she said. ‘‘Saddam achieved what he had to vey show abnormally high rates of many dis- fects and undescended testes and without do without exterminating every last Kurd.’’ eases. He said that he compared rates of anal openings. They are seeing—and they What he had to do, Power and others say,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00098 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7403 was to break the Kurds’ morale and convince The soldiers had dumped the bodies of the vivors,’’ he continued. ‘‘It’s politically inde- them that a desire for independence was fool- dead outside the prison, in a field. ‘‘I looked cent not to help. But, as a Kurd, I live with ish. outside and saw the legs and hands of my son the terrible hand history and geography have Most of the Kurds who were murdered in in the mouths of the dogs. The dogs were eat- dealt my people.’’ the Anfal were not killed by poison gas; ing my son.’’ She stopped talking for a mo- Salih’s home is not prime ministerial, but rather, the genocide was carried out, in large ment. ‘‘Then I lost my mind.’’ it has many Western comforts. He had a sat- part, in the traditional manner, with round- She described herself as catatonic; her ellite television and a satellite telephone, ups at night, mass executions, and anony- daughters scraped around for food and water. yet the house was frigid; in a land of cheap mous burials. The bodies of most of the vic- They kept her alive, she said, until she could oil, the Kurds, who are cut off the Iraqi elec- tims of the Anfal—mainly men and boys— function again. ‘‘This was during Ramadan. tric grid by Saddam on a regular basis, sur- have never been found. We were kept in Nugra Salman for a few vive on generator power and kerosene heat. One day, I met one of the thousands of more months.’’ Over dinner one night, Salih argued that Kurdish women known as Anfal widows: In September, when the war with Iran was the Kurds should not be regarded with pity. Salma Aziz Baban. She lives outside over, Saddam issued a general amnesty to ‘‘I don’t think one has to tap into the Wil- Chamchamal, in a settlement made up al- the Kurds, the people he believed had be- sonian streak in American foreign policy in most entirely of displaced families, in cin- trayed him by siding with Tehran. The order to find a rationale for helping the der-block houses. Her house was nearly women, children, and elderly in Nugra Kurds,’’ he said. ‘‘Helping the Kurds would empty—no furniture, no heat, just a ragged Salman were freed. But, in most cases, they mean an opportunity to study the problems carpet. We sat on the carpet as she told me could not go home; the Iraqi Army had bull- caused by weapons of mass destruction.’’ about her family. She comes from the dozed some four thousand villages, Baban’s Salih, who is forty-one, often speaks blunt- Kirkuk region, and in 1987 her village was among them. She was finally resettled in the ly, and is savvy about Washington’s enduring uprooted by the Army, and the inhabitants, Chamchamal district. interest in ending the reign of Saddam Hus- with thousands of other Kurds, were forced In the days after her release, she tried to sein. Unwilling publicly to exhort the United into a collective town. Then, one night in learn the fate of her husband and three older States to take military action, Salih is April of 1988, soldiers went into the village sons. But the men who disappeared in the aware that the peshmerga would be obvious and seized the men and older boys. Baban’s Anfal roundups have never been found. It is allies of an American military strike against husband and her three oldest sons were put said that they were killed and then buried in Iraq; other Kurds have been making that ar- on trucks. The mothers of the village began mass graves in the desert along the Kuwaiti gument for years. It is not often noted in to plead with the soldiers. ‘‘We were scream- border, but little is actually known. A great Washington policy circles, but the Kurds al- ing, ‘Do what you want to us, do what you number of Anfal widows, I was told, still be- ready hold a vast swath of territory inside want!’ ’’ Baban told me. ‘‘They were so lieve that their sons and husbands and broth- the country—including two important dams scared, my sons. My sons were crying.’’ She ers are locked away in Saddam’s jails. ‘‘We whose destruction could flood Baghdad—and tried to bring them coats for the journey. ‘‘It are thinking they are alive,’’ Baban said, re- have at least seventy thousand men under was raining. I wanted them to have coats. I ferring to her husband and sons. ‘‘Twenty- arms. In addition, the two main Kurdish par- begged the soldiers to let me give them four hours a day, we are thinking maybe ties are members of the Iraqi opposition bread. They took them without coats.’’ they are alive. If they are alive, they are group, the Iraqi National Congress, which is Baban remembered that a high-ranking Iraqi being tortured, I know it.’’ headed by Ahmad Chalabi, a London-based officer named Bareq orchestrated the separa- Baban said that she has not slept well Shiite businessman; at the moment, though, tion; according to ‘‘Iraq’s Crime of Geno- since her sons were taken from her. ‘‘We are relations between Chalabi and the Kurdish cide,’’ the Human Rights Watch report, the thinking, Please let us know they are dead, leaders are contentious. man in charge of this phase was a brigadier I will sleep in peace,’’ she said. ‘‘My head is Kurds I talked to throughout Kurdistan general named Bareq Abdullah al-Haj Hunta. filled with terrible thoughts. The day I die is were enthusiastic about the idea of joining, After the men were taken away, the the day I will not remember that the dogs an American-led alliance against Saddam women and children were herded onto ate my son.’’ Hussein, and serving as the northen-Iraqi trucks. They were given little water or food, Before I left, Baban asked me to write equivalent of Afghanistan’s Northern Alli- and were crammed so tightly into the vehi- down the names of her three older sons. They ance. President Bush’s State of the Union cles that they had to defecate where they are Sherzad, who would be forty now; Rizgar, Message, in which he denounced Iraq as the stood. Baban, her three daughters, and her who would be thirty-one; and Muhammad, linchpin of an ‘‘axis of evil,’’ had had an elec- six-year-old son were taken to the Topzawa who would be thirty. She asked me to find tric effect on every Kurd I met who heard Army base and then to the prison of Nugra her sons, or to ask President Bush to find the speech. In the same speech, President Salman, the Pit of Salman, which Human them. ‘‘One would be sufficient,’’ she said. Bush made reference to Iraq’s murder of Rights Watch in 1995 described this way: ‘‘It ‘‘If just one comes back, that would be ‘‘thousands of its own citizens—leaving the was an old building, dating back to the days enough.’’ bodies of mothers huddled over their dead of the Iraqi monarchy and perhaps earlier. It children.’’ General Simko Dizayee, the chief 5. WHAT THE KURDS FEAR had been abandoned for years, used by Arab of staff of the peshmerga, told me, ‘‘Bush’s nomads to shelter their herds. The bare walls In a conversation not long ago with Rich- speech filled our hearts with hope.’’ were scrawled with the diaries of political ard Butler, the former weapons inspector, I Prime Minister Salih expressed his views prisoners. On the door of one cell, a guard suggested a possible explanation for the diplomatically. ‘‘We support democratic had daubed ‘Khomeini eats shit.’ Over the world’s indifference to Saddam Hussein’s use transformation in Iraq,’’ he said—half smil- main gate, someone else had written, ’Wel- of chemical weapons to commit genocide— ing, because he knows that there is no come to Hell.’ ’’ that the people he had killed were his own chance of that occurring unless Saddam is ‘‘We arrived at midnight,’’ Baban told me. citizens, not those of another sovereign removed. But until America commits itself ‘‘They put us in a very big room, with more state. (The main chemical-weapons treaty to removing Saddam, he said, ‘‘we’re living than two thousand people, women and chil- does not ban a country’s use of such weapons on the razor’s edge. Before Washington even dren, and they closed the door. Then the against its own people, perhaps because at wakes up in the morning, we could have ten starvation started.’’ the time the convention was drafted no one thousand dead.’’ This is the Kurdish conun- The prisoners were given almost nothing could imagine such a thing.) Butler reminded drum: the Iraqi military is weaker than the to eat, and a single standpipe spat out brack- me, however, that Iraq had used chemical American military, but the Iraqis are strong- ish water for drinking. People began to die weapons against another country—Iran— er than the Kurds. Seven hundred Iraqi tanks from hunger and illness. When someone died, during, the eight-year Iran-Iraq War. He of- face the Kurdish safe haven, according to the Iraqi guards would demand that the body fered a simpler rationale. ‘‘The problems are peshmerga commanders. be passed through a window in the main just too awful and too hard,’’ he said. ‘‘His- General Mustafa Said Qadir, the door. ‘‘The bodies couldn’t stay in the hall,’’ tory is replete with such things. Go back to peshmerga leader, put it this way: ‘‘We have Baban told me. In the first days at Nugra the grand example of the Holocaust. It a problem. If the Americans attack Saddam Salman, ‘‘thirty people died, maybe more.’’ sounded too hard to do anything about it.’’ and don’t get him, we’re going to get gassed. Her six-year-old son, Rebwar, fell ill. ‘‘He The Kurds have grown sanguine about the If the Americans decided to do it, we would had diarrhea,’’ she said. ‘‘He was very sick. world’s lack of interest. ‘‘I’ve learned not to be thankful. This is the Kurdish dream. But He knew he was dying. There was no medi- be surprised by the indifference of the civ- it has to be done carefully.’’ cine or doctor. He started to cry so much.’’ ilized world,’’ Barham Salih told me one The Kurdish leadership worries, in short, Baban’s son died on her lap. ‘‘I was scream- evening in Sulaimaniya. Salih is the Prime that an American mistake could cost the ing and crying,’’ she said. ‘‘My daughters Minister of the area of Kurdistan adminis- Kurds what they have created, however inad- were crying. We gave them the body. It was tered by the Patriotic Union, and he spoke in vertently: a nearly independent state for passed outside, and the soldiers took it.’’ such a way as to suggest that it would be themselves in northern Iraq. ‘‘We would like Soon after Baban’s son died, she pulled best if I, too, stopped acting surprised. to be our own nation,’’ Salih told me. ‘‘But herself up and went to the window, to see if ‘‘Given the scale of the tragedy—we’re talk- we are realists. All we want is to be partners the soldiers had taken her son to be buried. ing about large numbers of victims—I sup- of the Arabs of Iraq in building a secular, ‘‘There were twenty dogs outside the prison. pose I’m surprised that the international democratic, federal country.’’ Later, he A big black dog was the leader,’’ she said. community has not come in to help the sur- added, ‘‘We are proud of ourselves. We have

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00099 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7404 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 inherited a devastated country. It’s not easy called Arab Afghans—Arabs, from southern labs and the knowhow. He’s hellbent on try- what we are trying to achieve. We had no Iraq and elsewhere, who trained in the camps ing to find a way into the fight, without an- democratic institutions, we didn’t have a of Al Qaeda. nouncing it.’’ legal culture, we did not have a strong mili- ‘‘They believe that people must be terror- On the surface, a marriage of Saddam’s tary. From that situation, this is a remark- ized,’’ Dekone said, shaking his head. ‘‘They secular Baath Party regime with the fun- able success story.’’ believe that the Koran says this is permis- damentalist Al Qaeda seems unlikely. His re- The Kurdish regional government, to be sible.’’ He pointed to an abandoned village in lationship with secular Palestinian groups is sure, is not a Vermont town meeting. The the middle distance, a place called Kheli well known; both Abu Nidal and Abul Abbas, leaders of the two parties, Massoud Barzani Hama. ‘‘That is where the massacre took two prominent Palestinian terrorists, are and Jalal Talabani, are safe in their jobs. place,’’ he said. In late September, forty-two currently believed to be in Baghdad. But But there is a free press here, and separation of his men were killed by Ansar al-Islam, and about ten years ago Saddam underwent of mosque and state, and schools are being now Dekone and his forces seemed ready for something of a battlefield conversion to a built and pensions are being paid. In Erbil revenge. I asked him what he would do if he fundamentalist brand of Islam. and in Sulaimaniya, the Kurds have built captured the men responsible for the killing. ‘‘It was gradual, starting the moment he playgrounds on the ruins of Iraqi Army tor- ‘‘I would take them to court,’’ he said. decided on the invasion of Kuwait,’’ in June ture centers. ‘‘If America is indeed looking When I got to Sulaimaniya, I visited a pris- of 1990, according to Amatzia Baram, an Iraq for Muslims who are eager to become demo- on run by the intelligence service of the Pa- expert at the University of Haifa. ‘‘His cal- cratic and are eager to counter the effects of triotic Union. The prison is attached to the culation was that he needed people in Iraq Islamic fundamentalism, then it should be intelligence-service headquarters. It appears and the Arab world—as well as God—to be on looking here,’’ Salih said. to be well kept and humane; the communal his side when he invaded. After he invaded, Massoud Barzani is the son of the late cells hold twenty or so men each, and they the Islamic rhetorical style became over- Mustafa Barzani, a legendary guerrilla, who have kerosene heat, and even satellite tele- whelming,’’—so overwhelming, Baram con- built the Democratic Party, and who entered vision. For two days, the intelligence agency tinued, that a radical group in Jordan began into the ill-fated alliance with Iran and permitted me to speak with any prisoner calling Saddam ‘‘the New Caliph Marching America. I met Barzani in his headquarters, who agreed to be interviewed. I was wary; from the East.’’ This conversion, cynical above the town of Salahuddin. He is a short the Kurds have an obvious interest in lining though it may be, has opened doors to Sad- man, pale and quiet; he wore the red turban up on the American side in the war against dam in the fundamentalist world. He is now of the Barzani clan and a wide cummerbund terror. But the officials did not, as far as I a prime supporter of the Palestinian Islamic across his baggy trousers—the outfit of a know, compel anyone to speak to me, and I Jihad and of Hamas, paying families of sui- peshmerga. did not get the sense that allegations made cide bombers ten thousand dollars in ex- Like Salih, he chooses his words carefully by prisoners were shaped by their captors. change for their sons’ martyrdom. This is when talking about the possibility of helping The stories, which I later checked with ex- part of Saddam’s attempt to harness the America bring down Saddam. ‘‘It is not perts on the region, seemed at least worth power of Islamic extremism and direct it enough to tell us the U.S. will respond at a the attention of America and other countries against his enemies. certain time and place of its choosing,’’ in the West. Kurdish culture, on the other hand, has Barzani said. ‘‘We’re in artillery range. The allegations include charges that Ansar traditionally been immune to religious ex- Iraq’s Army is weak, but it is still strong al-Islam has received funds directly from Al tremism. According to Kurdish officials, enough to crush us. We don’t make assump- Qaeda; that the intelligence service of Sad- Ansar al-Islam grew out of an idea spread by tions about the American response.’’ dam Hussein has joint control, with Al Ayman al-Zawahiri, the former chief of the One day, I drove to the Kurdish front lines Qaeda operatives, over Ansar al-Islam; that Egyptian Islamic Jihad and now Osama bin near Erbil, to see the forward positions of Saddam Hussein hosted a senior leader of Al Laden’s deputy in Al Qaeda. ‘‘There are two the Iraqi Army. The border between the Qaeda in Baghdad in 1992; that a number of schools of thought’’ in Al Qaeda, Karim Army-controlled territory and the Kurdish Al Qaeda members fleeing Afghanistan have Sinjari, the Interior Minister of Kurdistan’s region is porous; Baghdad allows some been secretly brought into territory con- Democratic Party-controlled region, told Kurds—nonpolitical Kurds—to travel back trolled by Ansar al-Islam; and that Iraqi in- me. ‘‘Osama bin Laden believes that the and forth between zones. telligence agents smuggled conventional infidels should be beaten in the head, mean- My peshmerga escort took me to the roof weapons, and possibly even chemical and bio- ing the United States. Zawahiri’s philosophy of a building overlooking the Kalak Bridge logical weapons, into Afghanistan. If these is that you should fight the infidel even in and, beyond it, the Iraqi lines. Without bin- charges are true, it would mean that the re- the smallest village, that you should try to oculars, we could see Iraqi tanks on the hills lationship between Saddam’s regime and Al form Islamic armies everywhere. The Kurd- in front of us. A local official named Muham- Qaeda is far closer than previously thought. ish fundamentalists were influenced by mad Najar joined us; he told me that the When I asked the director of the twenty- Zawahiri’.’’ Iraqi forces arrayed there were elements of four-hundred-man Patriotic Union intel- Kurds were among those who travelled to the Army’s Jerusalem brigade, a reserve unit ligence service why he was allowing me to Afghanistan from all over the Muslim world, established by Saddam with the stated pur- interview his prisoners, he told me that he first to fight the Soviets, in the early nine- pose of liberating Jerusalem from the hoped I would carry this information to teen-eighties, then to join Al Qaeda. The Israelis. Other peshmerga joined us. It was a American intelligence officials. ‘‘The F.B.I. members of the groups that eventually be- brilliantly sunny day, and we were enjoying and the C.I.A. haven’t come out yet,’’ he told came Ansar al-Islam spent a great deal of the weather. A man named Azlz Khader, gaz- me. His deputy added, ‘‘Americans are going time in Afghanistan, according to Kurdish ing at the plain before us, said, ‘‘When I look to Somalia, the Philippines, I don’t know intelligence officials. One Kurd who went to across here, I imagine American tanks com- where else, to look for terrorists. But this is Afghanistan was Mala Krekar, an early leading down across this plain going to Bagh- the field, here.’’ Anya Guilsher, a spokes- er of the Islamist movement in Kurdistan; dad.’’ His friends smiled and said, woman for the C.I.A., told me last week that according to Sinjari, he now holds the title ‘‘Inshallah’’—God willing. Another man said, as a matter of policy the agency would not of ‘‘emir’’ of Ansar al-Islam. In 1998, the first force of Islamist terrorists ‘‘The U.S. is the lord of the world.’’ comment on the activities of its officers. James Woolsey, a former C.I.A. director and crossed the Iranian border into Kurdistan, 6. THE PRISONERS an advocate of overthrowing the Iraqi re- and immediately tried to seize the town of A week later, I was at Shinwe, a mountain gime, said, ‘‘It would be a real shame if the Haj Omran. Kurdish officials said that the range outside Halabja, with another group of C.I.A.’s substantial institutional hostility to terrorists were helped by Iran, which also peshmerga. My escorts and I had driven most Iraqi democratic resistance groups was keep- has an interest in undermining a secular of the way up, and then slogged through ing it from learning about Saddam’s ties to Muslim government. ‘‘The terrorists blocked fresh snow. From one peak, we could see the Al Qaeda in northern Iraq.’’ the road, they killed Kurdish Democratic village of Biyara, which sits in a valley be- The possibility that Saddam could supply Party cadres, they threatened the villagers,’’ tween Halabja and a wall of mountains that weapons of mass destruction to anti-Amer- Sinjari said. ‘‘We fought them and they mark the Iranian border. Saddam’s tanks ican terror groups is a powerful argument fled.’’ were an hour’s drive away to the south, and among advocates of ‘‘regime change,’’ as the The terrorist groups splintered repeatedly. Iran filled the vista before us. Biyara and removal of Saddam is known in Washington. According to a report in the Arabic news- nine other villages near it are occupied by These critics of Saddam argue that his chem- paper Al-Sharq al-Awsat, which is published the terrorist group Ansar al-Islam, or Sup- ical and biological capabilities, his record of in London, Ansar al-Islam came into being, porters of Islam. Shinwe, in fact, might be support for terrorist organizations, and the on September 1st of last year, with the merg- called the axis of the axis of evil. cruelty of his regime make him a threat that er of two factions: Al Tawhid, which helped We were close enough to see trucks belong- reaches far beyond the citizens of Iraq. to arrange the assassination of Kurdistan’s ing to Ansar al-Islam making their way from ‘‘He’s the home address for anyone wanting most prominent Christian politician, and village to village. The commander of the to make or use chemical or biological weap- whose operatives initiated an acid-tbrowing peshmerga forces surrounding Biyara, a vet- ons,’’ Kanan Makiya, an Iraqi dissident, said. campaign against unveiled women; and a fac- eran guerrilla named Ramadan Dekone, said Makiya is the author of ‘‘Republic of Fear,’’ tion called the Second Soran Unit, which had that Ansar al-Islam is made up of Kurdish a study of Saddam’s regime. ‘‘He’s going to been affiliated with one of the Kurdish Is- Islamists and an unknown number of so- be the person to worry about. He’s got the lamic parties. In a statement

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00100 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7405 issued to mark the merger, the group, which who, like the others, spent a great deal of Ismail said that he was once a student at originally called itself Jund al-Islam, or Sol- time in bin Laden’s training camps. But he is the University of Mosul but grew tired of life diers of Islam, declared its intention to ‘‘un- also, they say, a highranking officer of the in Iraq under Saddam Hussein. Luckily, he dertake Jiihad in this region’’ in order to Mukhabarat. One senior official added, ‘‘A said, in 1999 he met an Afghan man who per- carry out ‘‘God’s will.’’ According to Kurdish man named Abu Agab is in charge of the suaded him to seek work in Afghanistan. The officials, the group had between five hundred northern bureau of the Mukhabarat. And he Kurdish investigators smiled as Ismail went and six hundred members, including Arab Af- is Abu Wa’el’s control officer.’’ on to say that he found himself in Kandahar, ghans and at least thirty Iraqi Kurds who Abu Agab, the official said, is based in the then in Kabul, and then somehow—here he were trained in Afghanistan. city of Kirkuk, which is predominantly was exceedingly vague—in an Al Qaeda Kurdish officials say that the merger took Kurdish but is under the control of Baghdad. camp. When I asked him how enrollment in place in a ceremony overseen by three Arabs According to intelligence officials, Abu Agab an Al Qaeda camp squared with his wish to trained in bin Laden’s camps in Afghanistan, and Abu Wa’el met last July 7th, in Ger- seek work in Afghanistan, he replied, ‘‘Being and that these men supplied Ansar al-Islam many. From there, they say, Abu Wa’el trav- a soldier is a job.’’ After his training, he with three hundred thousand dollars in seed elled to Afghanistan and then, in August, to said, he took a post in the Taliban Foreign money. Soon after the merger, a unit of Kurdistan, sneaking across the Iranian bor- Ministry. I asked him if he was an employee Ansar al-Islam called the Victory Squad at- der. of Saddam’s intelligence service. ‘‘I prefer tacked and killed the peshmerga in Kheli The Kurdish officials told me that they not to talk about that,’’ he replied. Hama. learned a lot about Abu Wa’el’s movements Later, I asked, the Kurdish officials if they Among the Islamic fighters who were there from one of their prisoners, an Iraqi intel- believed that Saddam provides aid to Al that day was Rekut Hiwa Hussein, a slender, ligence officer named Qassem Hussein Mu- Qaeda affiliated terror groups or simply boyish twenty-year-old who was captured by hammad, and they invited me to speak with maintains channels of communication with the peshmerga after the massacre, and whom him. Qassem, the Kurds said, is a Shiite from them. It was getting late, and the room was I met in the prison in Sulaimaniya. He was Basra, in southern Iraq, and a twenty-year growing even colder. ‘‘Come back tomor- exceedingly shy, never looking up from his veteran of Iraqi intelligence. row,’’ the senior official in the room said, hands as he spoke. He was not handcuffed, Qassem, shamblinog, and bearded, was ‘‘and we’ll introduce you to someone who and had no marks on the visible parts of his brought into the room, and he genially will answer that question.’’ body. We were seated in an investigator’s of- agreed to be interviewed. One guard stayed 7. THE AL QAEDA LINK fice inside the intelligence complex. Like in the room, along with my translator. The man they introduced me to the next most buildings in Sulaimaniya, this one was Qassem lit a cigarette, and leaned back in afternoon was a twenty-nine-year-old Ira- warmed by a single kerosene heater, and the his chair. I started by asking him if he had nian Arab, a smuggler and bandit from the room temperature seemed barely above been tortured by his captors. His eyes wid- city of Ahvaz. The intelligence officials told freezing. Rekut told me how he and his com- ened. ‘‘By God, no,’’ he said. ‘‘There is noth- me that his most recent employer was bin rades in Ansar al-Islam overcame the ing like torture here.’’ Then he told me that Laden. When they arrested him, last year, peshmerga. his involvement in Islamic radicalism began they said, they found a roll of film in his pos- ‘‘They thought there was a ceasefire, so we in 1992 in Baghdad, when he met Ayman al- session. They had the film developed, and the came into the village and fired on them by Zawahiri. photographs, which they showed me, de- surprise,’’ he said. ‘‘They didn’t know what Qassem said that he was one of seventeen pleted their prisoner murdering a man with happened. We used grenades and machine bodyguards assigned to protect Zawahiri, a knife, slicing his ear off and then plunging guns. We killed a lot of them and then the who stayed at Baghdad’s Al Rashid Hotel, the knife into the top of the man’s head. others surrendered.’’ The terrorists trussed but who, he said, moved around surrep- The Iranian had a thin face, thick black their prisoners, ignoring pleas from the few titiously. The guards had no idea why hair, and a mustache; he wore an army jack- civilians remaining in the town to leave Zawahiri was in Baghdad, but one day et, sandals, and Western-style sweatpants. them alone. ‘‘The villagers asked us not to Qassem escorted him to one of Saddam’s pal- Speaking in an almost casual tone, he told slaughter them,’’ Rekut said. One of the aces for what he later learned was a meeting me that he was born in 1973, that his real leaders of Ansar al-Islam, a man named with Saddam himself name was Muhammad Mansour Shahab, and Abdullah a‘Shafi, became incensed. ‘‘He said, Qassem’s capture by the Kurds grew out of that he had been a smuggler most of his ‘Who is saying this? Let me kill them.’ ’’ his last assignment from the Mukhabarat. adult life. Rekut said that the peshmerga were killed The Iraqi intelligence service received word ‘‘I met a group of drug traffickers,’’ he in ritual fashion: ‘‘We put cloths in their that Abu Wa’el had been captured by Amer- said. ‘‘They gave us drugs and we got them mouths. We then laid them down like sheep, ican agents. ‘‘I was sent by the Mukhabarat weapons,’’ which they took from Iran into in a line. Then we cut their throats.’’ After to Kurdistan to find Abu Wa’el or, at least, Afghanistan. In 1996, he met an Arab Afghan. the men were killed, peshmerga commanders information about him,’’ Qassem told me. ‘‘His name was Othman,’’ the man went on. say, the corpses were beheaded. Rekut denied ‘‘That’s when I was captured, before I ‘‘He gave me drugs, and I got him a hundred this. ‘‘Some of their heads had been blown reached Biyara.’’ and fifty Kalashnikovs. Then he said to me, off by grenades, but we didn’t behead them,’’ I asked him if he was sure that Abu Wa’el ‘You should come visit Afghanistan.’ So we he said. was on Saddam’s side. ‘‘He’s an employee of went to Afghanistan in 1996. We stayed for a I asked Rekut why he had joined Ansar al- the Mukhabarat,’’ Qassem said. ‘‘He’s the ac- while, I came back, did a lot of smuggling Islam. ‘‘A friend of mine Joined,’’ he said tual decision-maker in the group’’—Ansar al- jobs. My brother-in-law tried to send weap- quietly. ‘‘I don’t have a good reason why I Islam—‘‘but he’s an employee of the ons to Afghanistan, but the Iranians am- joined. ‘‘A guard then took him by the elbow Mukhabarat.’’ According to the Kurdish in- bushed us. I killed some of the Iranians.’’ and returned him to his cell. telligence officials, Abu Wa’el is not in He soon returned with Othman to Afghani- The Kurdish intelligence officials I spoke American hands; rather, he is still with stan, where, he said, Othman gave him the to were careful not to oversell their case; Ansar al-Islam. American officials declined name Muhammad Jawad to use while he was they said that they have no proof that Ansar to comment. there. ‘‘Othman said to me, ‘You will meet al-Islam was ever involved in international The Kurdish intelligence officials told me Sheikh Osama soon.’ We were in Kandahar. terrorism or that Saddam’s agents were in- that they have Al Qaeda members in cus- One night, they gave me a sleeping pill. We volved in the attacks on the World Trade tody, and they introduced me to another got into a car and we drove for an hour and Center and the Pentagon. But they do have prisoner, a young Iraqi Arab named Haqi a half into the mountains. We went to a tent proof, they said, that Ansar al-Islam is Ismail, whom they described as a middle- to they said was Osama’s tent.’’ The man now shielding Al Qaeda members, and that it is high-ranking member of Al Qaeda. He was, called Jawad did not meet Osama bin Laden doing so with the approval of Saddam’s they said, captured by the peshmerga as he that night. ‘‘They said to me, ‘You’re the agents. tried to get into Kurdistan three weeks after guy who killed the Iranian officer.’ Then Kurdish officials said that, according, to the start of the American attack on Afghani- they said they needed information about me, their intelligence, several men associated stan. Ismail, they said, comes from a Mosul my real name. They told Othman to take me with Al Qaeda have been smuggled over the family with deep connections to the back to Kandahar and hold me in jail for Iranian border into an Ansar al-Islam Mukhabarat; his uncle is the top twenty-one days while they investigated stronghold near Halabja. The Kurds believe Mukhabarat official in the south of Iraq. me.’’ that two of them, who go by the names Abu They said they believe that Haqi Ismail is a The Al Qaeda men completed their inves- Yasir and Abu Muzaham, are highranking Al liaison between Saddam’s intelligence serv- tigation and called him back to the moun- Qaeda members. ‘‘We don’t have any infor- ice and Al Qaeda. tains. ‘‘They told me that Osama said I mation about them,’’ one official told me. Ismail wore slippers and a blanket around should work with them,’’ Jawad said. ‘‘They ‘‘We know that they don’t want anybody to his shoulders. He was ascetic in appearance told me to bring my wife to Afghanistan.’’ see them. They are sleeping in the same and, at the same time, ostentatiously smug. They made him swear on a Koran that he room as Mala Krekar and Abdullah al- He appeared to be amused by the presence of would never betray them. Jawad said that he Shafi’’—the nominal leaders of Ansar al- an American. He told the investigators that became one of Al Qaeda’s principal weapons Islam. he would not talk to the C.I.A. The Kurdish smugglers. Iraqi opposition sources told me The real leader, these officials say, is an investigators laughed and said they wished that the Baghdad regime frequently smug- Iraqi who goes by the name Abu Wa’el, and that I were from the C.I.A. gled weapons to Al Qaeda by air through

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00101 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7406 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 Dubai to Pakistan and then overland into terests dovetail completely. They both have achieved in the Kurdistan national-authority Afghanistan. But Jawad told me that the much to fear from the democratic, secular areas to the Palestinian national authority Iraqis often used land routes through Iran as experiment of the Kurds in the safe haven, of Mr. Arafat. We have spent the last ten well. Othman ordered him to establish a and they both obviously share a hatred for years building a secular, democratic society, smuggling route across the Iraq-Iran border. America.’’ a civil society. What has he built?’’ The smugglers would pose as shepherds to 8. THE PRESENT DANGER Last week, in New York, I met with Benon find the best routes. ‘‘We started to go into Sevan, the United Nations undersecretary- A paradox of life in northern Iraq is that, Iraq with the sheep and cows,’’ Jawad told general who oversees the oil-for-food pro- while hundreds, perhaps thousands, of chil- me, and added that they initiated this route gram. He quickly let me know that he was dren suffer from the effects of chemical at- by smuggling tape recorders from Iraq to unmoved by the demands of the Kurds. ‘‘If tacks, the child-mortality rate in the Kurd- Iran. They opened a store, a front, in Ahvaz, they had a theme song, it would be ‘Give Me, ish zone has improved over the past ten to sell electronics, ‘‘just to establish rela- Give Me, Give Me,’ ’’ Sevan said. ‘‘I’m get- years. Prime Minister Salih credits this to, tionships with smugglers.’’ ting fed up with their complaints. You can One day in 1999, Othman got a message to of all things, sanctions placed on the Iraqi tell them that.’’ He said that under the oil- Jawad, who was then in Iran. He was to regime by the United Nations after the Gulf for-food program the ‘‘three northern smuggle himself across the Iraqi border at War because of Iraq’s refusal to dismantle its govemorates’’—U.N. officials avoid the word Fao, where a car would meet him and take nonconventional-weapons program. He cred- ‘‘Kurdistan’’—have been allocated billions of him to a village near Tikrit, the head- its in particular the program begun in 1997, dollars in goods and services. ‘‘I don’t know quarters of Saddam Hussein’s clan. Jawad known as oil-for-food, which was meant to if they’ve ever had it so good,’’ he said. was then taken to a meeting at the house of mitigate the effects of sanctions on civilians I mentioned the Kurds’ complaint that a man called Luay, whom he described as the by allowing the profits from Iraq oil sales to they have been denied access to advanced son of Saddam’s father-in-law, Khayr Allah buy food and medicine. Calling this program medical equipment, and he said, ‘‘Nobody Talfah. (Professor Baram, who has long fol- a ‘‘fantastic concept,’’ Salih said, ‘‘For the prevents them from asking. They should go lowed Saddam’s family, later told me he be- first time in our history, Iraqi citizens—all ask the World Health Organization’’—which lieves that Luay, who is about forty years citizens—are insured a portion of the coun- reports to Sevan on matters related to Iraq. old, is close to Saddam’s inner circle.) At the try’s oil wealth. The north is a testament to When I told Sevan that the Kurds have re- meeting, with Othman present, Mukhabarat the success of the program. Oil is sold and peatedly asked the W.H.O., he said, ‘‘I’m not officials instructed Jawad to go to Baghdad, food is bought.’’ going to pass judgment on the W.H.O.’’ As where he was to retrieve several cannisters I asked Salih to respond to the criticism, the interview ended, I asked Sevan about the filled with explosives. Then, he said, he was widely aired in the West, that the sanctions morality of allowing the Iraqi regime to con- to arrange to smuggle the explosives into have led to the death of thousands of chil- trol the flow of food and medicine into Iran, where they would be used to kill anti- dren. ‘‘Sanctions don’t kill Iraqi children,’’ Kurdistan. ‘‘Nobody’s innocent,’’ he said. Iraqi activists. After this assignment was he said. ‘‘The regime kills children.’’ ‘‘Please don’t talk about morals with me.’’ completed, Jawad said, he was given a thou- This puzzled me. If it was true, then why When I went to Kurdistan in January to re- sand Kalashnikov rifles by Iraqi intelligence were the victims of the gas attacks still suf- port on the 1988 genocide of the Kurds, I did and told to smuggle them into Afghanistan. fering from a lack of health care? Across not expect to be sidetracked by a debate over A year later, there was a new development: Kurdistan, in every hospital I visited, the U.N. sanctions. And I certainly didn’t expect Othman told Jawad to smuggle several dozen complaints were the same: no CT scans, no to be sidetracked by crimes that Saddam is refrigerator motors into Afghanistan for the MRIS, no pediatric surgery, no advanced di- committing against the Kurds now—in par- Iraqi Mukhabarat; a cannister filled with liq- agnostic equipment, not even surgical ticular—‘‘nationality correction,’’ the law uid was attached to each motor. Jawad said gloves. I asked Salih why the money des- that Saddam’s security services are using to that he asked Othman for more information. ignated by the U.N. for the Kurds wasn’t implement a campaign of ethnic cleansing. ‘‘I said, ‘Othman, what does this contain?’ He being used for advanced medical treatment. Large-scale operations against the Kurds in said, ‘My life and your life.’ He said they’’— The oil-for-food program has one enormous Kirkuk, a city southeast of Erbil, and in the Iraqi agents—’’were going to kill us if we flaw, he replied. When the program was in- other parts of Iraqi Kurdistan under didn’t do this. That’s all I’ll say. troduced, the Kurds were promised thirteen Saddam’s control, have received scant press ‘‘I was given a book of dollars,’’ Jawad per cent of the country’s oil revenue, but be- attention in the West; there have been few went on, meaning ten thousand dollars—a cause of the terms of the agreement between news accounts and no Security Council con- hundred American hundred-dollar bills. ‘‘I Baghdad and the U.N.—a ‘‘defect,’’ Salih demnations drafted in righteous anger. was told to arrange to smuggle the motors. said—the government controls the flow of Saddam’s security services have been de- Othman told me to kill any of the smugglers food, medicine, and medical equipment to manding that Kurds ‘‘correct’’ their nation- who helped us once we got there.’’ Vehicles the very people it slaughtered. Food does ar- ality by signing papers to indicate that their belonging to the Taliban were waiting at the rive, he conceded, and basic medicines as birth records are false—that they are in fact border, and Jawad said that he turned over well, but at Saddam’s pace. Arab. Those who don’t sign have their prop- the liquid-filled refrigerator motors to the On this question of the work of the United erty seized. Many have been evicted, often to Taliban, and then killed the smugglers who Nations and its agencies, the rival Kurdish Kurdish-controlled regions, to make room had helped him. parties agree. ‘‘We’ve been asking for a four- for Arab families. According to both the Jawad said that he had no idea what liquid hundred-bed hospital for Sulaimaniya for Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Patri- was inside the motors, but he assumed that three years,’’ said Nerchivan Barzani, the otic Union of Kurdistan, more than a hun- it was some type of chemical or biological Prime Minister of the region controlled by dred thousand Kurds have been expelled from weapon. I asked the Kurdish officials who re- the Kurdish Democratic Party, and Salih’s the Kirkuk area over the past two years. mained in the room if they believed that, as counterpart. Sulaimanlya is in Salih’s terri- Nationality correction is one technique late as 2000, the Mukhabarat was transfer- tory, but in this case geography doesn’t mat- that the Baghdad regime is using in an over- ring chemical or biological weapons to Al ter. ‘‘It’s our money,’’ Barzani said. ‘‘But we all ‘‘Arabization’’ campaign, whose aim is to Qaeda. They spoke carefully. ‘‘We have no need the approval of the Iraqis. They get to replace the inhabitants of Kurdish cities, es- idea what was in the cannisters,’’ the senior decide. The World Health Organization is pecially the oil-rich Kirkuk, with Arabs from official said. ‘‘This is something that is taking its orders from the Iraqis. It’s crazy.’’ central and southern Iraq, and even, accord- worth an American investigation.’’ Barzani and Salih accused the World ing to persistent reports, with Palestinians. When I asked Jawad to tell me why he Health Organization, in particular, of re- Arabization is not new, Peter Galbraith, a worked for Al Qaeda, he replied, ‘‘Money.’’ warding with lucrative contracts only com- professor at the National Defense University He would not say how much money he had panies favored by Saddam. ‘‘Every time I and a former senior adviser to the Senate been paid, but he suggested that it was quite interact with the U.N.,’’ Salih said, ‘‘I think, Foreign Relations Committee, says. Gal- a bit. I had one more question: How many My God, Jesse Helms is right. If the U.N. braith has monitored Saddam’s anti-Kurdish years has Al Qaeda maintained a relation- can’t help us, this poor, dispossessed Muslim activities since before the Gulf War. ‘‘It’s ship with Saddam Hussein’s regime? nation, then who is it for?’’ been going on for twenty years,’’ he told me. ‘‘There’s been a relationship between the Many Kurds believe that Iraq’s friends in ‘‘Maybe it’s picked up speed, but it is cer- Mukhabarat and the people of Al Qaeda since the U.N. system, particularly members of tainly nothing new. To my mind, it’s part of 1992,’’ he replied. the Arab bloc, have worked to keep the a larger process that has been under way for Carole O’Leary, a Middle Eastern expert at Kurds’ cause from being addressed. The many years, and is aimed at reducing the American University, in Washington, and a Kurds face an institutional disadvantage at territory occupied by the Kurds and at de- specialist on the Kurds, said it is likely that the U.N., where, unlike the Palestinians, stroying rural Kurdistan.’’ Saddam would seek an alliance with Islamic they have not even been granted official ob- ‘‘This is the apotheosis of cultural geno- terrorists to serve his own interests. ‘‘I know server status. Salih grew acerbic: ‘‘Compare cide,’’ said Saedi Barzinji, the president of that there are Mukhabarat agents through- us to other liberation movements around the Salahaddin University, in Erbil, who is a out Kurdistan,’’ O’Leary said, and went on, world. We are very mature. We don’t engage human-rights lawyer and Massoud Barzani’s ‘‘One way the Mukhabarat could destabilize in terror. We don’t condone extremist na- legal adviser. Barzinji and other Kurdish the Kurdish experiment in democracy is to tionalist notions that can only burden our leaders believe that Saddam is trying to set link up with Islamic radical groups. Their in- people. Please compare what we have up a buffer zone between Arab Iraq and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00102 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7407 Kurdistan, just in case the Kurds win their law’s orders.) The regime’s credibility was cluding almost four tons of the nerve agent independence. To help with this, Barzinji badly damaged by Kamel’s revelations, and VX; six hundred tons of ingredients for VX; told me last month, Saddam is trying to re- during these meetings the Iraqi representa- as much as three thousand tons of other poi- write Kirkuk’s history, to give it an ‘‘Arab’’ tives decided to tell Duelfer and his team son-gas agents; and at least five hundred and past. If Kurds, Barzinji went on, ‘‘don’t more than they had ever revealed before. fifty artillery shells filled with mustard gas. change their ethnic origin, they are given no ‘‘This was the first time Iraq actually agreed Nor did the inspectors find any stores of food rations, no positions in government, no to discuss the Presidential origins of these aflatoxin. right to register the names of their new ba- programs,’’ Duelfer recalled. Among the Saddam’s motives are unclear, too. For the bies. In the last three to four weeks, hos- most startling admissions made by the Iraqi past decade, the development of these weap- pitals have been ordered, the maternity scientists was that they had weaponized the ons has caused nothing but trouble for him; wards ordered, not to register any Kurdish biological agent aflatoxin. his international isolation grows not from name.’’ New parents are ‘‘obliged to choose Aflatoxin, which is produced from types of his past crimes but from his refusal to let an Arab name.’’ Barzinji said that the na- fungi that occur in moldy grains, is the bioweapons inspectors dismantle his nonconven- tionality-correction campaign extends even logical agent that some Kurdish physicians tional-weapons programs. When I asked the to the dead. ‘‘Saddam is razing the grave- suspect was mixed with chemical weapons Iraqi dissident Kanan Makiya why Saddam is stones, erasing the past, putting in new ones and dropped on Kurdistan. Christine Gosden, so committed to these programs, he said, ‘‘I with Arab names,’’ he said. ‘‘He wants to the English geneticist, told me, ‘‘There is ab- think this regime developed a very specific show that Kirkuk has always been Arab.’’ solutely no forensic evidence whatsoever ideology associated with power, and how to Some of the Kurds crossing the demarca- that aflatoxins have ever been used in north- extend that power, and these weapons play a tion line between Saddam’s forces and the ern Iraq, but this may be because no system- very important psychological and political Kurdish zone, it is said, are not being ex- atic testing has been carried out in the re- part.’’ Makiya added, ‘‘They are seen as es- pelled but are fleeing for economic reasons. gion, to my knowledge.’’ sential to the security and longevity of the But in camps across Kurdistan I met refu- Duelfer told me, ‘‘We kept pressing the regime.’’ gees who told me stories of visits from the Iraqis to discuss the concept of use for Certainly, the threat of another Halabja secret police in the middle of the night. aflatoxin. We learned that the origin of the has kept Iraq’s citizens terrorized and com- Many of the refugees from Kirkuk live in biological-weapons program is in the secu- pliant. Amatzia Baram, the Iraq expert at tent camps built on boggy fields. I visited rity services, not in the military—meaning the University of Haifa, told me that in 1999 one such camp at Beneslawa, not far from that it really came out of the assassinations Iraqi troops in white biohazard suits sud- Erbil, where the mud was so thick that it program.’’ The Iraqis, Duelfer said, admitted denly surrounded the Shiite holy city of nearly pulled off my shoes. The people at the something else: they had loaded aflatoxin Karbala, in southern Iraq, which has been camp—several hundred, according to two es- into two Scud-ready warheads, and also the scene of frequent uprisings against Sad- timates I heard—are ragged and sick. A man mixed aflatoxin with tear gas. They wouldn’t dam. (The Shiites make up about sixty per- named Howar told me that his suffering say why. cent of Iraq’s population, and the regime is could not have been avoided even if he had In an op-ed article that Duelfer wrote for preoccupied with the threat of another rebel- agreed to change his ethnic identity. the Los Angeles Times last year about Iraqi lion.) The men in the white suits did noth- ‘‘When you agree to change your nation- programs to develop weapons of mass de- ing; they just stood there. ‘‘But the message ality, the police write on your identity docu- struction, he offered this hypothesis: ‘‘If a was clear,’’ Baram said. ‘‘What we did to the ments ‘second-degree Arab,’ which they regime wished to conceal a biological attack, Kurds in Halabja we can do to you.’’ It’s a know means Kurd,’’ he told me. ‘‘So they al- what better way than this? Victims would very effective psychological weapon. From ways know you’re a Kurd.’’ (In a twist char- suffer the short-term effects of inhaling tear the information I saw, people were really acteristic of Saddam’s regime, Kurdish lead- gas and would assume that this was the to- panicky. They ran into their homes and shut ers told me, Kurds who agree to ‘‘change’’ tality of the attack: Subsequent cancers their windows. It worked extremely well.’’ their nationality are fined for having once would not be linked to the prior event.’’ Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction claimed falsely to be Kurdish.) United Nations inspectors were alarmed to clearly are not meant solely for domestic Another refugee, Shawqat Hamid Muham- learn about the aflatoxin program. Richard use. Several years ago in Baghdad, Richard mad, said that her son had gone to jail for Spertzel, the chief biological-weapons in- Butler, who was then the chairman of two months for having a photograph of spector for UNSCOM, put it this way: ‘‘It is UNSCOM, fell into conversation with Tariq Mustafa Barzani in his possession. She said a devilish weapon. Iraq was quite clearly Aziz, Saddam’s confidant and Iraq’s deputy that she and her family had been in the aware of the long-term carcinogenic effect of Prime Minister. Butler asked Aziz to explain Beneslawa camp for two months. ‘‘The police aflatoxin. Aflatoxin can only do one thing— the rationale for Iraq’s biological-weapons came and knocked on our door and told us destroy people’s livers. And I suspect that project, and he recalled Aziz’s answer: ‘‘He we have to leave Kirkuk,’’ she said. ‘‘We had children are more susceptible. From a moral said, ‘We made bioweapons in order to deal to rent a truck to take our things out. We standpoint, aflatoxin is the cruellest weap- with the Persians and the Jews.’ ’’ were given one day to leave. We have no idea on—it means watching children die slowly of Iraqi dissidents agree that Iraq’s programs who is in our house.’’ Another refugee, a man liver cancer.’’ to build weapons of mass destruction are fo- named Ibrahim Jamil, wandered over to lis- Spertzel believes that if aflatoxin were to cussed on Israel. ‘‘Israel is the whole game,’’ ten to the conversation. ‘‘The Arabs are win- be used as a weapon it would not be delivered Ahmad Chalabi, the leader of the Iraqi Na- ning Kirkuk,’’ he said. ‘‘Soon the only people by a missile. ‘‘Aflatoxin is a little tricky,’’ tional Congress, told me. ‘‘Saddam is always there will be Arabs, and Kurds who call he said. ‘‘I don’t know if a single dose at one saying publicly, ‘Who is going to fire the for- themselves Arabs. They say we should be point in time is going to give you the long- tieth missile?’ ’’—a reference to the thirty- Arab. But I’m a Kurd. It would be easier for term effects. Continuous, repeated expo- nine Scud missiles he fired at Israel during me to die than be an Arab. How can I not be sure—through food—would be more effec- the Gulf War. ‘‘He thinks he can kill one a Kurd?’’ tive.’’ When I asked Spertzel if other coun- hundred thousand Israelis in a day with bio- Peter Galbraith told me that in 1987 he tries have weaponized aflatoxin, he replied, logical weapons.’’ Chalabi added, ‘‘This is the witnessed the destruction of Kurdish villages ‘‘I don’t know any other country that did it. only way he can be Saladin’’—the Muslim and cemeteries—‘‘anything, that was related I don’t know any country that would.’’ hero who defeated the Crusaders. Students of It is unclear what biological and chemical to Kurdish identity,’’ he said. ‘‘This was one Iraq and its government generally agree that weapons Saddam possesses today. When he of the factors that led me to conclude that it Saddam would like to project himself as a maneuvered UNSCOM out of his country in is a policy of genocide, a crime of intent, de- leader of all the Arabs, and that the one sure 1998, weapons inspectors had found a sizable stroying a group whole or in part.’’ way to do that is by confronting Israel. portion of his arsenal but were vexed by In the Gulf War, when Saddam attacked 9. IRAQ’S ARMS RACE what they couldn’t find. His scientists cer- Israel, he was hoping to provoke an Israeli In a series of meetings in the summer and tainly have produced and weaponized an- response, which would drive America’s Arab fall of 1995, Charles Duelfer, the deputy exec- thrax, and they have manufactured botu- friends out of the allied coalition. Today, the utive chairman of the United Nations Spe- linum toxin, which causes muscular paral- experts say, Saddam’s desire is to expel the cial Commission, or UNSCOM—the now ysis and death. They’ve made Clostridium Jews from history. In October of 2000, at an defunct arms-inspection team—met in Bagh- perfringens, a bacterium that causes gas Arab summit in Cairo, I heard the vice-chair- dad with Iraqi government delegations. The gangrene, a condition in which the flesh rots. man of Iraq’s Revolutionary Command Coun- subject was the status of Iraq’s nonconven- They have also made wheat-cover smut, cil, a man named Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, de- tional-weapons programs, and Duelfer, an which can be used to poison crops, and ricin, liver a speech on Saddam’s behalf, saying, American diplomat on loan to the United which, when absorbed into the lungs, causes ‘‘Jihad alone is capable of liberating Pal- Nations, was close to a breakthrough. hemorrhagic pneumonia. estine and the rest of the Arab territories oc- In early August, Saddam’s son-in-law Hus- According to Gary Milhollin, the director cupied by dirty Jews in their distorted Zion- sein Kamel had defected to Jordan, and had of the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms ist entity.’’ then spoken publicly about Iraq’s offensive Control, whose Iraq Watch project monitors Amatzia Baram said, ‘‘Saddam can absolve biological, chemical, and nuclear capabili- Saddam’s weapons capabilities, inspectors himself of all sins in the eyes of the Arab and ties. (Kamel later returned to Iraq and was could not account for a great deal of weap- Muslim worlds by bringing Israel to its killed almost immediately, on his father-in- onry believed to be in Iraq’s possession, in- knees. He not only wants to be a hero in his

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00103 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7408 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 own press, which already recognizes him as a to any military planner is force protection,’’ Saddam Hussein is only 1–5 years away from Saladin, but wants to make sure that a thou- Charles Duelfer told me. ‘‘If your assessment nuclear weapons capability. Knowing that con- sand years from now children in the fourth of the threat is chemical or biological, you tainment and deterrence are ineffective grade will know that he is the one who de- can get individual protective equipment and stroyed Israel.’’ warning systems. If you think he’s going to against the Iraqi regime, we have no choice. It is no comfort to the Kurds that the Jews use a nuclear weapon, where are you going to Knowing that Saddam Hussein has consist- are now Saddam’s main preoccupation. The concentrate your forces?’’ ently violated United Nations resolutions we Kurds I spoke with, even those who agree There is little doubt what Saddam might must act. We must act in a timely fashion to that Saddam is aiming, his remaining Scuds do with an atomic bomb or with his stocks of avoid the possibility that Saddam Hussein will at Israel, believe that he is saving some of biological and chemical weapons. When I use these weapons or that he would transfer his ‘‘special weapons’’—a popular euphemism talked about Saddam’s past with the medical these weapons to a terrorist organization such inside the Iraqi regime for a return visit to geneticist Christine Gosden, she said, as Al Qaeda, which would not hesitate to use Halabja. The day I visited the Kalak Bridge, ‘‘Please understand, the Kurds were for prac- which divides the Kurds from the Iraqi tice.’’ them against us. We cannot wait to protect ourselves until it is too late to do so. Now Army’s Jerusalem brigade, I asked Muham- Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, mad Najar, the local official, why the bri- more than ever we must be proactive to pro- gade was not facing west, toward its target. I yield such time as he may consume to tect Americans, our country, and our way of ‘‘The road to Jerusalem,’’ he replied, ‘‘goes the gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. life. through Kurdistan.’’ BORSKI). In 1991, after the United States and United A few weeks ago, after my return from (Mr. BORSKI asked and was given Nations had demonstrated a willingness to Iraq, I stopped by the Israeli Embassy in permission to revise and extend his re- peacefully resolve the crisis that followed the Washington to see the Ambassador, David marks.) Ivry. In 1981, Ivry, who then led Israel’s Air Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and after Saddam Mr. BORSKI. Mr. Speaker, I thank Hussein refused to comply with several U.N. Force, commanded Operation Opera, the the gentleman for yielding me this strike against the Osirak nuclear reactor Security Council Resolutions, I cast my vote in near Baghdad. The action was ordered by time. favor of military action against Iraq. I voted for Prime Minister Menachem Begin, who be- Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of this the resolution then because I believed that my lieved that by hitting the reactor shortly be- resolution. support would help demonstrate that Con- fore it went online he could stop Iraq from We in Congress must stand behind the gress, the President, and the American people building an atomic bomb. After the attack, President in granting him the authority to use Israel was condemned for what the Times stand together against Saddam Hussein’s defi- military force against Iraq. The only chance to ance. called ‘‘inexcusable and short-sighted ag- prevent war is to be prepared to go to war. gression.’’ Today, though, Israel’s action is Since the Persian Gulf War, Saddam Hus- widely regarded as an act of muscular arms We will not rush to war, but we cannot stand sein has repeatedly demonstrated his disdain control. ‘‘In retrospect, the Israeli strike by while Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction for the authority of international law by defying bought us a decade,’’ Gary Milhollin, of the program poses a growing threat to our na- U.N. Security Council Resolutions that were Wisconsin Project, said. ‘‘I think if the tional security. Over the past few weeks, many designed to ensure that Iraq does not pose a Israelis had not hit the reactor the Iraqis have voiced a number of questions, including threat to international peace and security. In- would have had bombs by 1990’’—the year why we must take action at this moment, how spections and sanctions have both failed in Iraq invaded Kuwait. long our armed forces may be in Iraq, and the past to address the threat posed by Iraq. Today, a satellite photograph of the Osirak what the humanitarian, economic, and political site hangs on a wall in Ivry’s office. The in- We should work toward a viable U.N. Security scription reads, ‘‘For General David Ivry— costs of a military response may be. These Council Resolution and build an international With thanks and appreciation for the out- are all valid concerns and questions I have coalition to support action to dismantle Iraq’s standing job he did on the Iraqi nuclear pro- considered. Ultimately, we must decide wheth- weapons of mass destruction. If we do take gram in 1981, which made our job much easier the threats we face merit the risk of Amer- military action with such broad support, it will er in Desert Storm.’’ It is signed ‘‘Dick Che- ican lives. The consequences of this vote are not set a precedent for preemption, but will ney.’’ serious, and I have not had to make a more boldly state the necessity for any future dis- ‘‘Preemption is always a positive,’’ Ivry difficult decision in my 20 years in Congress. said. putes to be resolved first through diplomatic Saddam Hussein never gave up his hope of I believe that support for this resolution will channels. turning Iraq into a nuclear power. After the send a strong, decisive signal to Saddam Hus- I firmly believe that diplomatic efforts should Osirak attack, he rebuilt, redoubled his ef- sein that his continued violation of U.N. Secu- precede any military action before we commit forts, and dispersed his facilities. Those who rity Resolutions will not be tolerated. our men and women to fight for peace and have followed Saddam’s progress believe that This vote is evidence that the challenges we justice. At a recent briefing, Secretary of State no single strike today would eradicate his face today are unique in the context of our Colin Powell assured me that every effort is nuclear program. I talked about this pros- history. We as a nation, could not have pre- pect last fall with August Hanning, the chief being made to reach an agreement on a U.N. of the B.N.D., the German intelligence agen- vented the horrific acts of September 11th and Security Council Resolution, so that if we act, cy, in Berlin. We met in the new glass-and- I witnessed the destruction firsthand, at both we will not act alone. Military power must not steel Chancellery, overlookincg the ren- the World Trade Center and at the Pentagon. be the basis of our strategy, but should be ovated Reichstag. Because of the events of September 11th, we one of many options we have at our disposal. The Germans have a special interest in cannot wait to act on a threat to our nation It is my hope that we will do all that we can Saddam’s intentions. German industry is and to the American people, lest we allow our- to avoid armed conflict, but should we engage, well represented in the ranks of foreign com- selves to be victims once again. We are faced panies that have aided Saddam’s nonconven- we will do so to promote peace and protect tional-weapons programs, and the German with a situation in which the lessons of history our national security. government has been publicly regretful. speak clearly of danger, and we face a threat Our unity in this vote will deliver a message Hanning told me that his agency had taken unlike any other in history. Iraqi President to the international community that we as the lead in exposing the companies that Saddam Hussein has proven himself to be a Americans share the belief that the threat we helped Iraq build a poison-gas factory at ruthless and unpredictable enemy, and even face is real, and that our cause is just. It is my Samarra. The Germans also feel, for the the slightest threat posed by his regime is one hope that this vote is the first step toward in- most obvious reasons, a special responsi- that we are unable to ignore without great risk creased peace and stability in the Middle East bility to Israel’s security, and this, too, mo- to our national security. The world has come tivates their desire to expose Iraq’s weapons- and a more secure future for the United States of-mass-destruction programs. Hanning is to know a long and terrible list of grievances and for the world. tall, thin, and almost translucently white. against Saddam Hussein, including the brutal I believe that a strong vote in favor of this He is sparing with words, but he does not repression and torture of his political oppo- resolution will prompt the American people, equivocate. ‘‘It is our estimate that Iraq will nents, the use of chemical weapons against the United Nations, and the international com- have an atomic bomb in three years,’’ he his own people, and his tireless pursuit of munity to join in support of action to neutralize said. weapons of mass destruction. It is this record the threat that is posed by Saddam Hussein There is some debate among arms-control of brutality and tendency toward violence that and the proliferation of his program of weap- experts about exactly when Saddam will have nuclear capabilities. But there is no should focus our attention on Iraq. Intelligence ons of mass destruction. disagreement that Iraq, if unchecked, will reports from both the United States and Great Mr. Speaker, a few years ago, when my have them soon, and a nuclear-armed Iraq Britain highlight Iraq’s relentless drive to youngest daughter, Maggie, was only 5 years would alter forever the balance of power in produce chemical, biological, and nuclear old, she was here with my family for the the Middle East. ‘‘The first thing that occurs weapons, and there is mounting evidence that swearing-in ceremony for Members of the

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00104 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7409 House. Members were then casting their votes Last and more importantly, the President’s Over the past few weeks, I have at- for our party leadership, and I tried to test her decision to change our military doctrine from tended classified briefings on Capitol by asking her if we were Republicans or containment to preemptive action could have Hill, at the Pentagon, and with the Democrats. ‘‘We’re Americans, aren’t we major ramifications to the United States and President. In reflecting upon the views, Dad?’’ was her reply. This is how I believe we, may lead to war between other countries. opinions, and concerns expressed by my as Members of Congress, should view this For the past 50 years, the United States has constituents, and after a thorough re- vote. All of us want the best for the American used our military troops to contain aggression view of international law, it is clear people and I hope that partisanship can be put against the U.S. and our allies. We have been that war with another country should aside for the moment, as each of us vote our able to persuade our allies to use restraint in- only be declared if your country is di- conscience. We have come together as a na- stead of their military under the most difficult rectly attacked; if another nation is an tion since September 11th, and we still must circumstances and times. During the Persian accomplice in the attack on your coun- remain unified in the face of any threat to our Gulf war, the U.S. was able to persuade Israel try; if there is an immediate pending nation. I urge a vote in favor of this resolution. to show great restraint while Saddam Hussein attack on your country; and, finally, if Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, was deploying scud missiles toward Israel. there is defiance of international law I yield such time as he may consume to Since the Persian Gulf war, the Israelis at the in the community. the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. request of the United States have shown re- To rush headlong into war without COSTELLO). straint in dealing with Arafat and the PLO. world support under any one of these (Mr. COSTELLO asked and was given If the U.S military attacks a country in order to counter a perceived future security risk, four conditions violates every principle permission to revise and extend his re- other countries may very well adopt the same and every ideal on which this great Na- marks.) preemptive policy. Those countries are more tion is founded and on which a free and Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, I likely to follow the U.S. and less likely to show democratic world exists. thank the gentleman for yielding me restraint, with serious potential consequences this time. In review of these four principles, for Israel and the Palestinians, India and Paki- there is no question that Iraq did not Mr. Speaker, I stand in opposition to stan, Russia and Chechnya, China and Tai- this resolution. directly attack America. The evidence wan, and the list goes on. is also clear that Iraq was not an ac- Mr. Speaker, the most important and difficult Secretary Colin Powell recently reminded us complice with the al Qaeda attacks on decision a Member of Congress must make is that other countries look to the United States America. If there was any complicity the decision to send our troops—our sons, for our leadership and example. I agree! I only by Iraq and Saddam Hussein, I am con- daughters, husbands and wives—in harm’s hope that when looking to the United States fident the President would have ad- way. that they do not adopt the new preemptive dressed this complicity in his U.N. ad- Each member must do as I have done—lis- military policy and use that same policy dress or in Monday’s speech to the ten to the arguments on both sides of the against their enemies. issue, assemble and review all available infor- Mr. Speaker, this administration should fol- American people. In the classified mation and then do what they believe is in the low the example of the President’s father prior briefings, no one could document with best interest of our nation. to Desert Shield and during Desert Storm. We any certainty Iraq’s complicity in the Some people have questioned the Presi- should be putting together an international co- attacks on America. dent’s motives and the timing of this resolu- alition to send in weapon inspectors and if There is no dispute that Iraq is not tion. A few members of this body traveled to necessary take military action to disarm Sad- an immediate imminent military Baghdad to meet with officials of the govern- dam Hussein. A ‘‘go it alone’’ attitude or policy threat to the United States at this ment of Iraq. could have devastating consequences on our time. Some people would argue Sad- Frankly, I was appalled to see a Member of troops, the people of Israel and other parts of dam Hussein will give biological, chem- the Congress from my party in Baghdad ques- the world. ical or nuclear weapons when obtained tioning the motives of President Bush. I do not Mr. Speaker, therefore, I will vote against to terrorist groups, but there has been question the President’s motives. I believe the this resolution and in favor of the Spratt sub- no credible evidence provided to House President is doing what he believes is in the stitute. Members of these weapons being sup- best interest of our nation. Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, plied to terrorists. I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman After much though and deliberation, I have from Michigan (Mr. STUPAK), a distin- Individuals may still argue that we decided to vote against the resolution before guished member of the Committee on must assume that Iraq must have an us giving the President the discretion to send Energy and Commerce. accomplice with the al Qaeda attacks our troops to war in Iraq. I do so for the fol- (Mr. STUPAK asked and was given of September 11. If we wish to make lowing reasons: permission to revise and extend his re- this assumption, and it is only an as- First, I believe we have a moral obligation marks.) sumption, not fact, then the President and a responsibility to exhaust every possible Mr. STUPAK. Mr. Speaker, we are already has the authority to use ‘‘all resolution before sending our troops into being asked to commit our young serv- necessary and appropriate force harm’s way. I do not believe that we have at- icemen and women to a possible war in against Iraq.’’ If Saddam Hussein and tempted to assemble an international coalition Iraq. It is important for everyone to Iraq are directly or indirectly respon- similar to the coalition that President George understand the gravity of this vote and sible in any way with the attacks of Herbert Walker Bush brought together to un- the legal, ethical and moral grounds September 11, the President has the au- dertake the mission of Desert Shield and for such a grave commitment of U.S. thorization to take whatever means Desert Storm in 1990–1991. lives and resources. necessary to bring them to justice. The Second, Iraq does not present a direct im- To date, I have received nearly 900 authority was given to the President mediate threat to the United States. I have at- communications opposed to the United just 3 days after the cowardly attacks tended numerous briefings from the Bush ad- States acting unilaterally against Iraq on our country. ministration on this topic, and I have yet to and approximately 16 communications The link between the September 11 hear a good explanation as to why Saddam in support of the President’s position. attacks and Saddam Hussein is so tan- Hussein is a greater threat to us today than he No matter what the result of the vote gential even the President cannot jus- was six months or a year ago. In fact, our in- on each proposed resolution, I am con- tify military action against Saddam telligence agencies have concluded that Sad- fident that every Member will rally Hussein and Iraq based on complicity. dam Hussein is unlikely to attack the United around our brave young servicemen States unprovoked, but there is a real change and women if or when they are com- The strongest claim for military ac- that Saddam Hussein will use weapons of mitted to hostile action in Iraq or any- tion against Iraq is its continued defi- mass destruction in response to an invasion. where else in the world. ance of international law since the 1991

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00105 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB H7410 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 9, 2002 Gulf War cease-fire. It is on this prin- a multinational force to once and for rebels, Pakistan from invading India, ciple that President Bush went to the all rid the world of Saddam Hussein. or China from invading Taiwan. U.N. to seek their approval to use the If we now allow the U.S. military to In our world, terrorism would now be U.S. military to enforce U.N. resolu- invade a nation or change a regime be- tions against Iraq. The legal, ethical cause of fear, then the goals of ter- defined and determined by the aggres- and moral justification to get rid of rorism have been accomplished. If we sor nation. The United States would Saddam Hussein and invade Iraq is en- allow the U.S. to become a first-strike lose its legal and moral ability to pro- forcement of international law, the nation in the name of defeating ter- test, as it did in 1979, the Soviet army’s U.N. resolutions. rorism because of the possibility of fu- invasion of Afghanistan. The United States has never invoked ture terrorist attacks, this opens the The situation in Iraq must be ad- a first strike invasion of another na- world to a Pandora’s box of selected tion based on a fear of what might hap- conflicts around the world. The U.S. dressed, but we must not be seen as pen tomorrow. Now is not the time for would lose its moral, ethical and legal moving forward unilaterally, and we a first strike policy based on fear, but grounds and its stature to protest or to must not alienate our allies who sup- let us strike with the support of the prevent, for example, Russia from in- port it and fought with us in the Per- U.N. Security Council resolutions, with vading Georgia to hunt down Chechnya sian Gulf War.

N O T I C E Incomplete record of House proceedings. Except for concluding business which follows, today’s House proceedings will be continued in the next issue of the Record.

EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, of Air Quality Implementation Plans; State 9585. A letter from the Chairman and Co- ETC. of Utah; Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Chairman, Congressional Executive Commis- Programs; Salt Lake County and General sion on China, transmitting the Commis- Under clause 8 of rule XII, executive Requirements and Applicability [UT-001-0038, sion’s first 2002 annual report; to the Com- communications were taken from the UT-001-0039, UT-001-0040; FRL-7262-2] received mittee on International Relations. Speaker’s table and referred as follows: October 7, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 9586. A letter from the Acting Assistant 9573. A letter from the Administrator, De- 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Energy and Secretary for Legislative Affairs, Depart- partment of Agriculture, transmitting the Commerce. ment of State, transmitting the Depart- Department’s final rule — Technical Assist- 9580. A letter from the Principal Deputy ment’s final rule — Schedule of Fees for Con- ance for Specialty Crops Program (RIN: 0551- Associate Administrator, Environmental sular Services, Department of State and AA63) received October 7, 2002, pursuant to 5 Protection Agency, transmitting the Agen- Overseas Embassies and Consulates — re- U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ag- cy’s final rule — Approval and Promulgation ceived October 7, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. riculture. of Air Quality Implementation Plans; New 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Inter- 9574. A letter from the Secretary, Depart- Hampshire; Prevention of Significant Dete- national Relations. ment of Labor, transmitting a bill entitled, rioration (PSD) of Air Quality Permit Re- 9587. A letter from the Auditor, District of ‘‘Black Lung Consolidation of Administra- quirements [NH-01-48-7174a; A-1-FRL-7376-5] Columbia, transmitting a copy of a report tive Responsibilities Act’’; to the Committee received October 7, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. entitled, ‘‘Mismanaged Special Education on Education and the Workforce. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Energy and Payment System Vulnerable to Fraud, 9575. A letter from the Principal Deputy Commerce. Waste and Abuse,’’ pursuant to D.C. Code Associate Administrator, Environmental 9581. A letter from the Senior Legal Advi- section 47—117(d); to the Committee on Gov- sor to the Media Bureau, Federal Commu- Protection Agency, transmitting the Agen- ernment Reform. cy’s final rule — Approval and Promulgation nications Commission, transmitting the 9588. A letter from the Auditor, District of of State Plans For Designated Facilities and Commission’s final rule — Implementation Columbia, transmitting a copy of a report Pollutants: Massachusetts; Plan for Control- of the Cable Television Consumer Protection entitled, ‘‘Certification of the Fiscal Year and Competition Act of 1992; Development of ling MWC Emissions From Existing Large 2002 Revenue Projection in Support of the Competition and Diversity in Video Pro- MWC Plants [MA-01-7203a; FRL-7387-5] re- District’s $283,870,000 Multimodal General gramming Distribution: Section 628(c)(5) of ceived October 7, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. Obligation Bonds and Refunding Bonds,’’ the Communications Act; Sunset of Exclu- 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Energy and pursuant to D.C. Code section 47—117(d); to sive Contract Prohibition [CS Docket No. 01- Commerce. 290] received October 3, 2002, pursuant to 5 the Committee on Government Reform. 9576. A letter from the Principal Deputy 9589. A letter from the Executives Re- U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on En- Associate Administrator, Environmental sources and Special Programs Division, En- ergy and Commerce. Protection Agency, transmitting the Agen- 9582. A letter from the Senior Legal Advi- vironmental Protection Agency, transmit- cy’s final rule — Approval and Promulgation sor to the Bureau Chief, Media Bureau, Fed- ting a report pursuant to the Federal Vacan- of Implementation Plans; State of Iowa [IA eral Communications Commission, transmit- cies Reform Act of 1998; to the Committee on 154-1154a; FRL-7392-6] received October 7, ting the Commission’s final rule — Amend- Government Reform. 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the ment of Section 73.622(b), Table of Allot- 9590. A letter from the Director, Office of Committee on Energy and Commerce. ments, Digital Television Broadcast Stations Sustainable Fisheries, NMFS, National Oce- 9577. A letter from the Principal Deputy (Fort Wayne, Indiana) [MB Docket No. 01- anic and Atmospheric Administration, trans- Associate Administrator, Environmental 302, RM-10333] received October 8, 2002, pursu- mitting the Administration’s final rule — Protection Agency, transmitting the Agen- ant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Fisheries; cy’s final rule — Approval and Promulgation on Energy and Commerce. Atlantic Bluefin Tuna [I.D. 083002D] received of Implementation Plans; Indiana [IN144-1a; 9583. A letter from the Secretary of the October 8, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. FRL-7390-3] received October 7, 2002, pursu- Commission, Federal Trade Commission, 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Resources. ant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee transmitting the Commission’s final rule — 9591. A letter from the Director, Office of on Energy and Commerce. Rule Concerning Disclosures Regarding En- Sustainable Fisheries, NMFS, National Oce- 9578. A letter from the Principal Deputy ergy Consumption and Water Use of Certain anic and Atmospheric Administration, trans- Associate Administrator, Environmental Home Appliances and Other Products Re- mitting the Administration’s final rule — Protection Agency, transmitting the Agen- quired Under the Energy Policy and Con- Fisheries Off West Coast States and in the cy’s final rule — Approval and Promulgation servation Act (‘‘Appliance Labeling Rule’’) — Western Pacific; Coastal Pelagic Species of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West received October 4, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. Fisheries; Closure of the Fishery for Pacific Virginia; To Prevent and Control Air Pollu- 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Energy and Sardine North of Pt. Piedras Blancas, CA tion from the Operation of Hot Mix Asphalt Commerce. [Docket No. 011218302-1302-01; 091202B] re- Plants [WV 047-6021a; FRL-7391-3] received 9584. A letter from the Director, Office of ceived October 7, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. October 7, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. Congressional Affairs, Nuclear Regulatory 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Resources. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Energy and Commission, transmitting the Commission’s 9592. A letter from the Deputy Assistant Commerce. final rule — Specification of a Probability Administrator for Regulatory Programs, 9579. A letter from the Principal Deputy for Unlikely Features, Events and Processes NMFS, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Associate Administrator, Environmental (RIN: 3150-AG91) received October 7, 2002, Administration, transmitting the Adminis- Protection Agency, transmitting the Agen- pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Com- tration’s final rule — Stone Crab Fishery of cy’s final rule — Approval and Promulgation mittee on Energy and Commerce. the Gulf of Mexico; Amendment 7 [Docket

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00106 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H7411 No. 020606141-22212-02; I.D. 031402C] (RIN: 0648- Series Airplanes [Docket No. 2002-CE-13-AD; October 8, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. AN10) received October 7, 2002, pursuant to 5 Amendment 39-12888; AD 2002-19-08] (RIN: 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Science. U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Re- 2120-AA64) received October 4, 2002, pursuant 9605. A letter from the Acting Director, Of- sources. to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on fice of Regulatory Law, Department of Vet- 9593. A letter from the Acting Director, Of- Transportation and Infrastructure. erans’ Affairs, transmitting the Depart- fice of Sustainable Fisheries, NMFS, Na- 9599. A letter from the Program Analyst, ment’s final rule — Enrollment — Provision tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- FAA, Department of Transportation, trans- of Hospital and Outpatient Care to Veterans tion, transmitting the Administration’s final mitting the Department’s final rule — Air- (RIN: 2900-AK38) received October 7, 2002, rule — Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic worthiness Directives; Textron Lycoming IO- pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Com- Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels 540, LTIO-540, and TIO-540 Series Recipro- mittee on Veterans’ Affairs. Catching Pacific Cod for Processing by the cating Engines [Docket No. 2002-NE-03-AD; Inshore Component in the Central Regu- Amendment 39-12883; AD 2002-19-03] (RIN: 9606. A letter from the Chief, Regulations latory Area of the Gulf of Alaska [Docket 2120-AA64) received October 4, 2002, pursuant Unit, Internal Revenue Service, transmitting No. 011218304-1304-01; I.D. 092502E] received to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on the Service’s final rule — Extension of Tran- October 7, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. Transportation and Infrastructure. sition Relief for Foreign Partnerships and 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Resources. 9600. A letter from the Program Ana- their Withholding Agents under Notice 2001- 9594. A letter from the Acting Director, Of- lyst,FAA, Department of Transportation, 4 [Notice 2002-66] received October 3, 2002, fice of Sustainable Fisheries, NMFS, Na- transmitting the Department’s final rule — pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Com- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- Airworthiness Directives; SOCATA — mittee on Ways and Means. tion, transmitting the Administration’s final Groupe AEROSPATIALE Model TBM 700 9607. A letter from the Chief, Regulations rule — Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Airplanes [Docket No. 2002-CE-15-AD; Unit, Internal Revenue Service, transmitting Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the West- Amendment 39-12881; AD 2002-19-01] (RIN: the Service’s final rule — Examination of re- ern Aleutian District [Docket No. 011218304- 2120-AA64) received October 4, 2002, pursuant turns and claims for refund, credit or abate- 1304-01; I.D. 092402D] received October 7, 2002, to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on ment; determination of correct tax liability pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Com- Transportation and Infrastructure. (Rev. Proc. 2002-66) received October 3, 2002, 9601. A letter from the Program Analyst, mittee on Resources. pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Com- 9595. A letter from the Acting Director, Of- FAA, Department of Transportation, trans- mittee on Ways and Means. fice of Sustainable Fisheries, NMFS, Na- mitting the Department’s final rule — tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- Standard Instrument Approach Procedures; 9608. A letter from the Chief, Regulations tion, transmitting the Administration’s final Miscellaneous Amendments [Docket No. Unit, Internal Revenue Service, transmitting rule — Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic 30331; Amdt. No. 3024] received October 4, the Service’s final rule — Qualified covered Zone Off Alaska; Trawl Gear in the Chum 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the call options (Rev. Rul. 2002-66) received Octo- Salmon Savings Area of the Bering Sea and Committee on Transportation and Infra- ber 3, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); Aleutian Islands Management Area [Docket structure. to the Committee on Ways and Means. No. 011218304-1304-01; I.D. 091902D] received 9602. A letter from the FMCSA Regulations 9609. A letter from the Chief, Regulations October 1, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. Officer, Department of Transportation, Unit, Internal Revenue Service, transmitting 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Resources. transmitting the Department’s final rule — the Service’s final rule — Tax Treatment of 9596. A letter from the Assistant Attorney Development of a North American Standard Payments Made Under the USDA Peanut General, Department of Justice, transmit- for Protection Against Shifting and Falling Quota Buyout Program [Notice 2002-67] re- ting the Department’s proposed legislation Cargo (RIN: 2126-AA27) received October 1, ceived October 3, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. entitled, ‘‘Child Abduction and Sexual Abuse 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ways and Prevention Act of 2002’’; to the Committee Committee on Transportation and Infra- Means. on the Judiciary. structure. 9597. A letter from the Program Ana- 9603. A letter from the Program Analyst, 9610. A letter from the Chief, Regulations lyst,FAA, Department of Transportation, FAA, Department of Transportation, trans- Unit, Internal Revenue Service, transmitting transmitting the Department’s final rule — mitting the Department’s final rule — the Service’s final rule — Weighted Average Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier Model Standard Instrument Approach Procedures; Interest Rate Update [Notice 2002-68] re- CL-600-2B19 Series Airplanes [Docket No. Miscellaneous Amendments [Docket No. ceived October 3, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 2002-NM-196-AD; Amendment 39-12887; AD 30330; Amdt. No. 3023] received October 4, 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ways and 2002-19-07] (RIN: 2120-AA64) received October 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to the Means. 4, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A); to Committee on Transportation and Infra- 9611. A letter from the Chief, Regulations the Committee on Transportation and Infra- structure. Unit, Internal Revenue Service, transmitting structure. 9604. A letter from the Assistant Adminis- the Service’s final rule — Summary of Rev- 9598. A letter from the Program Analyst, trator for Procurement, National Aero- enue Procedure 2002-64 (Rev. Proc. 2002-64) re- FAA, Department of Transportation, trans- nautics and Space Administration, transmit- ceived October 3, 2002, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. mitting the Department’s final rule — Air- ting the Administration’s final rule — Con- 801(a)(1)(A); to the Committee on Ways and worthiness Directives; Vulcanair S.p.A. P 68 tract Numbering (RIN: 2700-AC33) received Means.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 22:40 Sep 21, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00107 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\ERIC\H09OC2.REC H09OC2 mmaher on DSKFW6RHC1PROD with $$_JOB E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 107 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 148 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2002 No. 132 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was U.S. SENATE, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without called to order by the Honorable HIL- PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, objection, it is so ordered. LARY RODHAM CLINTON, a Senator from Washington, DC, October 9, 2002. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- To the Senate: the State of New York. Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, ator from Nevada is recognized. of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby Mr. REID. Madam President, when PRAYER appoint the Honorable HILLARY RODHAM we take up this legislation, I ask that The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John CLINTON, a Senator from the State of New the full hour and a half be allotted in Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: York, to perform the duties of the Chair. morning business, so it will be shortly Almighty God, Source of strength for ROBERT C. BYRD, after 11 o’clock. those who seek to serve You, we praise President pro tempore. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- You for that second wind of Your power Mrs. CLINTON thereupon assumed pore. Without objection, it is so or- that comes when we open ourselves to the Chair as Acting President pro tem- dered. Your Spirit. You have promised that, pore. Mr. REID. At that time, I ask that ‘‘As your days so shall your strength f Senator FEINGOLD be recognized for up be.’’ Well, Lord, You know what the RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME to 30 minutes and Senator REED be rec- days are like before a recess. The Sen- ognized as the next Democrat in order, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ators and all who work with them feel following Senator KAY BAILEY pore. Under the previous order, leader- the pressure of the work to be done and HUTCHISON, who would follow Senator ship time is reserved. the little time left to accomplish it. In FEINGOLD, and then Senator REED, and days like these, stress mounts and our f then Senator GRASSLEY. That is, Sen- emotional reserves are drained. Phys- MORNING BUSINESS ator REED from Rhode Island for 45 ical tiredness can invade our effective- minutes, Senator GRASSLEY for 20 min- ness, and relationships can be strained. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the previous order, there utes, and Senator HUTCHISON for 30 In this quiet moment, we open our- minutes. selves to the infilling of Your strength. will now be a period for the transaction of morning business not to extend be- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- We admit our dependence on You, seek pore. Without objection, it is so or- Your guidance, and commit our work yond the hour of 11 a.m., with Senators permitted to speak therein for up to 10 dered. to You. Give us that healing assurance Mr. REID. Senator WELLSTONE is to that You will provide strength to do minutes each. Under the previous order, the first be recognized for up to 8 minutes in what You guide and that there will al- half of the time shall be under the con- morning business. Senator KENNEDY ways be enough time in any one day to trol of the majority leader, or his des- will have the time until 10 o’clock, and do what You have planned for us to do. ignee; under the previous order, the Senator REID of Nevada will be recog- In Your all-powerful Name. Amen. second half of the time shall be under nized at 10 o’clock to speak. I ask f the control of the Republican leader, or unanimous consent that that be the PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE his designee. case. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- The Honorable HILLARY RODHAM f pore. Without objection, it is so or- CLINTON led the Pledge of Allegiance, AUTHORITY FOR THE HEALTH, as follows: dered. EDUCATION, LABOR, AND PEN- The Senator from Minnesota is rec- I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the SIONS COMMITTEE TO MEET United States of America, and to the Repub- ognized. lic for which it stands, one nation under God, Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I ask f indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. unanimous consent that the Com- mittee on Health, Education, Labor, EMERGENCY UNEMPLOYMENT f and Pensions be authorized to meet in COMPENSATION APPOINTMENT OF ACTING executive session after the first floor Mr. WELLSTONE. Madam President, PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE vote of the day during the session on shortly, a unanimous consent request The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Wednesday, October 9, in SC–216. The will be made—and this is the third or clerk will please read a communication Senate will consider the nomination of fourth time—to pass S. 3009, the Emer- to the Senate from the President pro Mark B. McLellan of the District of Co- gency Unemployment Compensation tempore (Mr. BYRD). lumbia to be Commissioner of the Food Act of 2002, which I have introduced The legislative clerk read the fol- and Drugs Department of Health and with the Presiding Officer, who has lowing letter: Human Services. done so much work on this and Senator

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

S10137

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.000 S09PT1 S10138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 KENNEDY and others. This is the third to. They will be spending these dollars Again, the Republican leadership and or fourth time, and every day we are because they have to. the White House do not want anything going to be making this request. Right now, the problem is they don’t to do with it. I am going to a press con- To tell you the truth, I think it is ab- have enough money to make ends meet ference in a couple of minutes on—that solutely unconscionable that the Sen- month by month. So, actually, you are sounds melodramatic, life or death; it ate has not acted on this and that the injecting a much-needed stimulus into is a bit like unemployment benefits— Republican leadership, each time, has the economy. So if the first argument disaster relief. I have never been in the thrown up a roadblock to extending un- doesn’t move your soul—the humani- Senate when we have not provided dis- employment benefits. Believe me, I tarian argument that this is the right aster relief. would love nothing more than to be thing to do for people who are in real The people in northwest Minnesota home campaigning, but I don’t think trouble through no fault of their own— are flooded out, they are gone, it is we should leave here without extending how about doing it for the economy? over for them, and this administration unemployment benefits. My third argument is—I know we are is opposed to this bill. I have never In my State of Minnesota, there are debating the resolution on Iraq—but I voted against disaster relief in any 20,000 Minnesotans who have run out of have said over and over, and I am sure part of the country. If something hap- unemployment benefits. Nationwide, the Chair has picked this up as well— pens in New York, Madam President, I there are about 900,000. I am sure many I like to talk to the State legislature will vote for the money the people are in the State of New York, which candidates because their methodology need. People do not ask for hurricanes, the Chair represents. Colleagues, these of campaigning for office, as opposed to tornadoes, fire, and flooding, but if it are men and women who are hard- when one is campaigning statewide, is should happen to the people in Min- working, who have lost their jobs. The knocking on doors every day. They nesota, I ask you to support that. Whatever happened to some sense of economy is flat. We are in economic pound the doors 3 or 4 hours every community? Whatever happened to trouble as a nation. It would be nice if evening. compassionate conservatism? Compas- the administration would get serious I ask them: What are you hearing? sionate conservatism dictates, at the People are talking about how worried about the economy. How about a little very minimum, before we leave that they are about the economy; some peo- bit of humanity? the Senate pass this legislation I have In the early 1990s when we went ple are out of work; other people are introduced to extend unemployment through this, we didn’t hesitate to pass worried they will be. They are talking benefits. I will come out to the Senate an extension of unemployment benefits about health care, health care, health Chamber and give enough speeches to under exactly the same circumstances. care, as though people have not heard deafen all the gods until this is done. I think each time we had more than 95 it before. In our State, given all the Frankly, I think on the other side of votes, Republicans and Democrats cuts in education, they are talking the aisle, people should feel uneasy and alike. These are people who are flat on about education as well. uncomfortable in blocking this legisla- their backs through no fault of their It is a false dichotomy. It is not as if tion. They are putting up a roadblock own. They have run out of unemploy- people back home are worried about to providing help to people who really ment benefits. the economy but are not worried about need the help. There are two different issues here. Iraq, or are not worried about terror- This is the right thing to do. It is cer- One, if we don’t extend it by the end of ists. They are worried about all of it, tainly profamily, it is certainly December, some people who are receiv- and all of us should be worried about prochildren, and it is certainly compas- ing the current 13 weeks of benefits get all of it. sionate. I do not know what the delay cut off in the middle. I guess there is I think the people I represent in Min- is. Time is not neutral for a lot of peo- some discussion in the House with the nesota believe we are a great enough ple. Republican leadership about helping and a good enough country we can deal Madam President, by way of con- them. But the larger question—and we with our challenges in international af- cluding—I know other colleagues are must make sure they get full unem- fairs and, at the same time, we can going to be out on the floor—I thank ployment benefits—is people who have deal with challenges that affect people the Presiding Officer, since, as the Pre- just run out of all their unemployment in our country and our local commu- siding Officer, she cannot speak for benefits. In Minnesota right now, twice nities, our families. herself, at least for this moment—she as many people are looking for jobs as I do not understand this false dichot- does a good job speaking for herself, there are jobs available. omy where apparently the administra- otherwise, all the time. Madam Presi- I want to make the argument—and I tion and my colleagues on the other dent, you have been a leader in bring- don’t have a lot of time—and it is a side of the aisle think we cannot ad- ing this before the Senate. I thank you two- or threefold argument. First, I ap- dress any of these economic issues. Ap- for doing that. peal to the humanity of everybody parently, they think we cannot focus We are not going to let up until this here. Just imagine—I don’t know how on any domestic issues any longer; can- legislation is passed. I yield the floor. many Senators have been out of work— not even provide an extension of unem- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- when you have a family to support, un- ployment benefits to people. I believe pore. Who yields time? employment benefits are a lifeline. some colleagues do not want to do this Mr. WELLSTONE. Madam President, We have a trust fund, and we have because they feel it is an admission the we did not suggest the absence of a more than enough money to support economy is not doing that well. The quorum? The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- this. We are not spending additional economy is not doing that well. We pore. No. money out of general revenue. should wake up and smell the coffee. Mr. WELLSTONE. Madam President, How many Senators have been The people I represent are still wait- I am going to be joined by Senator through this? If you are out of work ing on the Federal Government to pro- KENNEDY in just a moment. He will be and you have run out of benefits, you vide the resources we said we were making a request, and we will wait for cannot put food on the table. It is a going to provide for schools, education, a response on the part of our colleague. terrifying situation. I think our com- and our kids. The House Republican While I am waiting for Senator KEN- mon humanity dictates that we must leadership and the Senate Republican NEDY, let me say again I think we have do this. Today, I want this unanimous leadership do not want to bring an ap- a huge disconnect between some of consent agreement to be agreed to. propriations bill out here that deals what is going on in the Senate—or Second of all, from an economic with education. We could easily pro- what is not going on in the Senate— point of view, although I think a hu- vide more funding for Pell grants, mak- and the people we represent. manitarian appeal should be made, ing higher education not less but more In Minnesota—I do not know about given a flat economy, you can count on accessible. other States—people in Minnesota can- it, Senators, that people who get an ex- We certainly should provide more not understand for the life of them tension of unemployment benefits for funding for special education which what in the world is the delay in ex- an additional 13 weeks will be con- would help all of our districts, and pro- tending unemployment benefits. Peo- suming because, believe me, they have vide more funding for title I. ple in Minnesota do not know that in

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 02:42 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.004 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10139 the early nineties we passed similar What we want to do with this legisla- unemployed workers in an attempt to legislation and did it in a bipartisan tion is say: We have a $27 billion sur- get a true reading on the numbers of way. They do not know there is plenty plus. The workers have paid into the the unemployed. of precedent for it. And they do not fund. We need $14 billion of that so peo- Mr. NICKLES. If the Senator will know all about unanimous consent, ple can pay their mortgages, pay their yield further, it says: and how one Senator can object, and health insurance, and pay their bills. . . . except that individuals exhausting their all of the rest. That is what this bill is, and that is right to regular compensation during the What people do have in Minnesota is what will happen when we pass it. most recent 3 calendar months for which a sense of right and wrong. Let’s talk This bill has basically been supported data are available before the close of the pe- values for a moment. The values of riod for which such rate is being determined by a strong editorial in the Washington shall be taken into account as if they were people in Minnesota are when the econ- Post. individuals filing claims for regular com- omy goes south—I know some of my Mr. NICKLES. If the Senator will pensation for each week during the period colleagues do not like to talk about the yield, I am trying to figure out what for which such rate is being determined. economy—when the economy is flat, his bill will do. In other words, one could exhaust and when so many people have lost Mr. KENNEDY. The Senator had this their unemployment compensation, their jobs and are hurting, and their request, and I hoped he would have had and may or may not find another job in families are hurting, people in Min- a chance to look at and review it, be- the following 3 months—they are still nesota believe we ought to reach out cause he is going to hear about it every going to be counted as unemployed ac- and help them. single day as long as the Senate is in. cording to this definition, which is This legislation I have introduced, Mr. NICKLES. That’s fine. really yielding a higher figure. I find with the support of Senator KENNEDY Mr. KENNEDY. If there is some way that totally unacceptable. Maybe it and Senator CLINTON, should pass we can help clarify it, we are glad to do was done in the 1990s, but that does not today. I see my colleague, Senator it. Last week when I was in the Cham- make it right. Surely we would want KENNEDY, is in the Chamber. I yield the ber, along with the Senator from Min- accurate unemployment compensation floor. nesota, the Senator from New York, statistics used in determining how The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- and the Senator from Illinois, who pore. The Senator from Massachusetts. many weeks would be available for ad- were fighting for it, we heard asked: Is ditional extended benefits. We want to f this the same bill, or how is this dif- do it right, and I am sure my col- UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST— ferent? We are glad to take the time, leagues from Massachusetts and Min- S. 3009 but the time is going on. We will be nesota want to as well. This section is glad to sit down with the Senator later Mr. KENNEDY. Madam President, I not doing it right. This section alone on today and go over every bit of it and ask unanimous consent that the Sen- does not make the bill a clean exten- hopefully get the extension of it. We ate proceed to the immediate consider- sion. ation of Calendar No. 619, S. 3009, a bill are troubled. We are troubled by the I will be happy to work with my col- to provide for the extension of unem- fact that even though the first Presi- leagues, but this is not acceptable. So ployment compensation; that the bill dent Bush effectively opposed it on two I want to point that out. be read the third time and passed; and occasions, he did support it on the I want to make another point while I that the motion to reconsider be laid third, and had Republican support on am considering whether I will object to upon the table, without intervening ac- the third occasion. We hope the good this. This one section is not acceptable. tion or debate. light that is shone—and the common Also, I am finding, after reading the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- sense and wisdom—on those Repub- proposal of my colleagues, instead of pore. Is there objection? The Senator licans and the President when he sup- having a 13-week extension, it is a 26- from Oklahoma. ported it the third time will be shed on week extension for all States. That is Mr. NICKLES. Madam President, re- the Republican Senators and the Sen- very expensive. I might ask my friend serving the right to object, I had a col- ator will help us get this supported. from Massachusetts, what is the esti- loquy with the Senator from Minnesota Mr. NICKLES. If my colleague will mated cost of this proposal? when he propounded this request a cou- yield for a question, I guess by the Mr. KENNEDY. To answer the ques- ple days ago, and I asked the question length of the Senator’s answer, it is tion, this counts people who are unem- if this was a simple extension. I believe not a clean extension. I am reading on ployed and who have no benefits. Right he said it was almost. page 4 of the Senator’s bill a section now if someone is getting extended I have read the bill and have found it entitled ‘‘Adjusted Insured Unemploy- benefits, they are not counted. We is not a simple extension. I ask my col- ment Rate.’’ count those people. That is the prin- league, has the bill changed? Is this a Correct me if I am wrong, but this cipal difference. That was the dif- simple extension, a 13-week extension definition basically says people who ference in the early 1990s as well, and of unemployment compensation for all have exhausted unemployment com- that is what the Thomas bill did not States? pensation in the most recent 3 calendar do. That is what we do. We think there Mr. KENNEDY. If I can respond, this months, even if they subsequently get is a sound reason for being able to do is not the Thomas bill which was ex- a job, are still counted as unemployed; it. tended the last time. This is the his- is not that correct? Mr. DURBIN. Will the Senator yield? toric and the traditional legislation Mr. KENNEDY. If the Senator Mr. KENNEDY. I will yield, but first that was passed three or four times in would—only if they have been ex- I will be glad to continue with my the early 1990s. This is not the more re- hausted. friend if he is interested in trying to stricted Thomas bill. Mr. NICKLES. So the Senator’s bill get the legislation passed. We have not We are going back to the legislation permits individuals who have ex- heard what the Senator is for. We know that provides genuine protections for hausted their unemployment com- what he is against. He is against this unemployed workers. This legislation pensation, and then may have subse- bill. If the Senator is saying he is for will affect close to 3 million workers quently found a job, to be counted in an extension on it, we are more than who otherwise will see their unemploy- the unemployment figures, according glad to try and work and see if some- ment insurance expire by the end of to this Adjusted Insured Unemploy- thing can be achieved, if that is what this year and the early months of next ment Rate calculation on page 4? the position is. If the Senator’s posi- year. Mr. KENNEDY. We are effectively tion is in opposition and continues to The bill does not do all we believe using the trigger that had been used be in opposition, then we are going to ought to be done for part-time workers before, which gives the focus and atten- continue to press him. If his position who are contributing into the unem- tion on those who are both unemployed is, yes, I will support—would the Sen- ployment insurance fund, or lower-in- and those who have States which have ator support the extension of the come workers, all of whom are partici- a higher incidence of unemployment, Thomas bill? pating and paying into the insurance and in those States, those figures Mr. NICKLES. If the Senator will fund. would be added to the valuation of the yield, and I asked a question first. I

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.006 S09PT1 S10140 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 asked the Senator how much this Mr. DURBIN. I was on the floor last Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, par- would cost. week, and the Senator from Oklahoma liamentary inquiry. He made a unani- Mr. KENNEDY. Fourteen billion dol- came in and took a look at this bill, mous consent request. I objected. I lars. which is only a few pages, and he said: sought recognition. He gave up the Mr. NICKLES. Fourteen? I really need some time to read this. floor. Mr. KENNEDY. Yes. Now, if I could I have watched the Senator from Mr. KENNEDY. I do not lose the ask the Senator a question. Will he Oklahoma, and he reads very quickly. I floor. support the Thomas bill? cannot understand why, a week later, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Mr. NICKLES. I have not asked the Senator still needs to read this. the precedent, the Senator who made unanimous consent. We have an esti- Mr. NICKLES. Will the Senator the unanimous consent request retains mate from CBO, that their estimate is yield? the floor, whether it is granted or not. $17.1 billion. I realize this bill did not Mr. DURBIN. At this point, I suggest Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I am come through committee. I realize this to the Senator from Oklahoma, I think sincerely sorry we have not been able bill did not have a hearing. I realize he has read it. I think he understands to work this out. Senators WELLSTONE this bill has not been vetted. I realize it. Certainly President Bush’s father and DURBIN have indicated the steps we it was just introduced last week and understood it when three times in a re- are going to take to try to get the un- the Senator is trying to pass it by cession he said we cannot leave these employment insurance. This is no mys- unanimous consent. I have just had a unemployed families in this terrible, tery. It is a seven-page bill. There were chance to start reading the bill, and perilous situation. We have to extend efforts or suggestions about how we the more I read it, I find out it is not unemployment benefits. It is a very might be able to do this. We are cer- 13 weeks, it is 26 weeks. I find out it basic concept, supported by Republican tainly open to try to do it. has an Adjusted Insured Unemploy- and Democratic Presidents alike, as What is unacceptable is not helping ment Rate provision, which says we well as economists and business leaders the number of Americans and people could potentially count some people in my State. who are hurting. under this definition who are working. When I say to them, what can we do The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under a So this bill is not acceptable. about this economy, they say give previous order, the Senator from Ne- To answer my colleague, I may be some spending power to these poor peo- vada is recognized at 10 a.m. willing to work with the Senator to ple who are out of work. That is pretty Mr. REID. Mr. President, if the Sen- find a bill that is acceptable. Certainly, fundamental. ator from Oklahoma wishes to speak, I if we did something more along the I want to give the Senator from have no problem, under your time, lines of a 13-week/6-month extension Oklahoma all the time he needs, but a which comes later, and I still maintain for all States, without jimmying the week has passed. Is another week going my 15 minutes. to have to pass, or are we going to be figures, without using Adjusted Insured If the Senator from Massachusetts able to come to a resolution and help Unemployment Rates, without estab- wishes to complete his remarks, I am these families, including over 100,000 lishing new triggers—since this bill happy to yield. people in my State of Illinois? uses different triggers from current law Mr. KENNEDY. I will ask that my re- that allows more States to qualify for We have the fifth highest unemployment rate in the Nation. I think this maining remarks be included. additional extended benefits—if we Mr. REID. The Senator from Massa- treat States the same, basically do 13 Congress can do something. It should do something. I want to give the Sen- chusetts is welcome to a few minutes weeks for 6 months, I might be willing of my time. I will use my 15 minutes to do that. I might be willing to shop ator from Oklahoma his opportunity, but I think a week is enough to read a when the Senator from Oklahoma fin- that with colleagues in the House, and ishes. the White House. I believe I heard last seven-page bill. Mr. WELLSTONE. I say to my col- Mr. NICKLES. Did my colleague from week or earlier this week, this is al- Massachusetts finish his comments? most a straight extension. The more I league, we want to work with him. Mr. NICKLES. Can we have regular Mr. KENNEDY. I had additional com- read, I find out this is not a straight order in the Senate. ments, but the Senator has been seek- extension. This is a bill that costs— Mr. WELLSTONE. We have time. ing recognition to explain his objec- just as a comparison, the straight six- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. tion. I am happy to hear that. month extension costs about $7.3 bil- CORZINE). The regular order is a unani- Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I appre- lion. Quickly estimated by CBO, this mous consent request has been made. ciate the gracious remarks of my col- bill costs $17.1 billion. There is a big Is there objection? league from Nevada. On the bill pre- difference. Mr. NICKLES. I reserve the right to sented to the Senate last week, it has Mr. KENNEDY addressed the Chair. object. not been marked up in the committee, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Mr. KENNEDY. The regular order is has not been reported out of com- pore. The Senator from Massachusetts. the Senator objects or does not object. mittee. Mr. KENNEDY. I guess the time is That is the regular order, so we are We have a preliminary analysis by moving on. As I understand it, the Sen- going on the regular order. the Congressional Budget Office, and ator has indicated he would not even The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the cost estimate is $17.1 billion in Fis- support the Thomas proposal exten- ator from Massachusetts is right. Is cal Year 2003. On the floor last week, it sion. Am I right? there objection? was estimated by proponents, the Sen- Mr. NICKLES. No, I have not stated Mr. NICKLES. Reserving the right to that. ator from Minnesota, the cost was $10 object. to $12 to $13 billion. In other words, Mr. KENNEDY. I am trying to find Mr. KENNEDY. Regular order. It ei- they did not know. They are trying to out if we have any good faith in terms ther goes through or there is an objec- pass it so quickly, they did not know of trying to work something out. If the tion. Senator is opposed to that and opposed Mr. NICKLES. Reserving the right to how much it would cost. It has not to this, he is opposed to everything. If object. been studied. he could say, I am for the Thomas pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under This proposal is reportedly an exten- posal, but I am troubled by some of the regular order, the Senator may not sion of unemployment benefits, extend- these triggers—although I think they reserve the right to object. He must ei- ing provisions that expire at the end of are rational—we are glad to sit down ther object or permit the request to be December. It was being portrayed as a with him. granted. 6 month extension. But when I looked Can the Senator think about that Mr. NICKLES. I object. at the details, I found we are using through the day and let us know? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ob- completely different triggers, among Mr. NICKLES. Will the Senator jection is heard. other differences. yield? Mr. NICKLES addressed the Chair. What does that mean for someone Mr. DURBIN. Will the Senator yield? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- who does not follow this debate? It Mr. KENNEDY. There are others who ator from Massachusetts retains the means more States qualify for more want to speak. floor. Federal benefits. There is currently an

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.009 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10141 unemployment compensation program come up with it. The bill before the Compensation (TEUC) available to unem- of up to 26 weeks financed by the State, Senate, S. 3009, in my opinion, should ployed workers who exhaust their regular then a Federally-funded Temporary Ex- not be passed. Maybe we can come up unemployment benefits. Under current law, tended Unemployment Compensation with a straight 13-week extension as we up to 13 weeks of TEUC benefits are avail- of up to an additional 13 weeks, and fi- able in all states, with an additional 13 have done previously in the Senate. I weeks available in states with a high unem- nally up to another 13 weeks for high will work with my colleagues and the ployment rate. The TEUC program is sched- unemployment states. By changing the Senator from Nevada to see if we can uled to end on January 1, 2003, with no bene- trigger under this new proposal, we are get something done. A straight exten- fits paid after that date. S. 3009 would in- saying more stages are eligible for ex- sion would cost an estimated $7.3 bil- crease the number of weeks of TEUC benefits tended benefits. We are saying benefits lion instead of $17.1 billion. That is a paid in all states to 26, with an additional would be available in all states not just possible. seven weeks available in states with high unfor 13 weeks but for 26 weeks, with This bill that would cost $17 billion employment. In addition, the bill would some States even for an additional 7 and would rewrite unemployment fig- allow eligible unemployed workers to begin weeks. This is getting expensive. This to collect TEUC until July 1, 2003. Those re- ures—I don’t think that makes sense. ceiving benefits by that date would be able new plan is $10 billion more than a Maybe we can work together and find to collect benefits until October 14, 2003. straight extension. something that is acceptable. I appre- As shown in the following table, CBO esti- Someone said we did this in 1990. ciate the cooperation of my colleagues. That may not be the right way to do it. mates that enactment of S. 3009 would in- I ask unanimous consent to have a crease direct spending by $17.1 billion in fis- I am willing to work with my col- preliminary CBO cost estimate printed. cal year 2003. The effect over 10 years would leagues to provide assistance for those There being no objection, the mate- be smaller—$15.5 billion—because the in- people in the States that really need rial was ordered to be printed in the crease in spending on emergency benefits help, but we ought to be very accurate RECORD, as follows: would eliminate anticipated transfers over in our language and not try to push the 2009–2012 period from the federal ac- U.S. CONGRESS, counts in the unemployment trust fund to something through too quickly. We CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, the state benefit accounts. ought to be responsible. We have enor- Washington, DC, October 2, 2002. mous deficits now. We should try to do Hon. KENT CONRAD, Revenues would increase by about $4.8 bil- this in a fiscally responsible manner, Chairman, Committee on the Budget, lion over the 10-year period. CBO estimates so the bill can be signed. I will work U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. that state employment tax revenues, which with my colleagues from Massachu- DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: In response to a num- are counted as federal receipts in the unem- setts, from Minnesota, and others to ber of requests for information on the budg- ployment trust fund, would rise both to pay see if we can come up with a bill that etary impact of S. 3009, the Emergency Un- for the increase in regular unemployment employment Compensation Act of 2002, the compensation that would result from enact- is affordable and has bipartisan sup- Congressional Budget Office has prepared an ing the bill, and to make up for the reduc- port. estimate of the cost of that bill, as intro- tion in revenues that states would otherwise At this stage, you have to have al- duced on September 26, 2002. have received in the form of intergovern- most unanimous support. I will work S. 3009 would increase the number of weeks mental transfers. These estimates assume with my colleagues to see if we can of Temporary Emergency Unemployment that the bill will be enacted in October 2002. ESTIMATED BUDGETARY IMPACT OF S. 3009, THE EMERGENCY UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION ACT OF 2002

By fiscal year, in millions of dollars— 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Estimated Budget Authority ...... 17,100 400 0 0 0 0 ¥495 ¥505 ¥515 ¥525 Estimated Outlays ...... 17,100 400 0 0 0 0 ¥495 ¥505 ¥515 ¥525 Estiamted Revenues ...... 0 230 330 330 270 230 250 560 1,080 1,540

If you wish further details on this esti- THE IRAQ RESOLUTION President Bush stated last night that mate, we will be pleased to provide them. Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein is a The CBO staff contact is Christina Hawley Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I take this ‘‘murderous tyrant’’ who could attack Sadoti. opportunity to discuss the very serious the United States ‘‘on any given day’’ Sincerely, matter that is before us today and this using unmanned aerial vehicles loaded BARRY B. ANDERSON week. This is, I trust, going to be a (For Dan L. Crippen, Director). with chemical or biological weapons. very somber discussion as we had ap- Iraq is unique. By its past and present The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- proximately 11 years ago when this ator from Nevada. actions, by its technological capabili- body approved the actions which led to ties, by the merciless nature of its re- Mr. REID. Mr. President, we have a Desert Storm. Unfortunately, at that list of speakers who will begin the de- gime, Iraq is unique. Iraq is a true time we did not solve the problems present danger to the United States. As bate this morning. Senator REED of confronting us as a result of Saddam Rhode Island was given 45 minutes a former chief weapons inspector of the Hussein and his murderous regime in U.N. has said: under the order by the Chair. I ask Iraq. unanimous consent to substitute Sen- The fundamental problem with Iraq re- ator LEAHY to speak for up to 30 min- As we move toward a resolution au- mains the nature of the regime, itself. Sad- utes in exchange for Senator REED’s thorizing the use of force against the dam Hussein is a homicidal dictator who is time. We will work Senator REED in threat posed by Saddam Hussein, let us addicted to weapons of mass destruction. later. be clear about the intent. This resolu- The Iraqi regime possesses biological The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tion we will send a clear message to and chemical weapons, is rebuilding objection, it is so ordered. the world community and to the Iraqi the facilities to make more and, ac- Mr. REID. Mr. President, how much regime that the demands of the United cording to the British Prime Minister time does the majority retain? Nations Security Council must be fol- Tony Blair, could launch a biological The PRESIDING OFFICER. Eleven lowed. Saddam Hussein must be dis- or chemical attack in as little as 45 and one-half minutes. armed. minutes after the order is given. The Mr. REID. We have a number of Re- For over a decade now we have tried regime has long-standing and con- publicans here. They are ready to go. every means of diplomacy, sanctions, tinuing ties to terrorist groups, and we Why don’t we let them go? If we decide and inspections to encourage Saddam now know that there are al Qaeda ter- to use that time, we will use it later. I to keep the promises that he made rorists inside Iraq. In fact, senior mem- ask unanimous consent that we pro- after the gulf war. Nothing has worked. bers of the Iraqi government and mem- ceed in that fashion. Saddam has made a mockery of the bers of the al Qaeda network have been The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without United Nations resolutions and the in contact for many years. This regime objection, it is so ordered. threat he now poses to the world is sig- is seeking a nuclear weapon and the de- The Senator from Missouri. nificant and growing. livery capability to go with it.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 02:42 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.012 S09PT1 S10142 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 There have been reports in the past If we do not act, then we face the ter- into compliance with its international from Desert Storm that rather than rible dangers of an attack with weap- obligations.’’ But compliance, as we having the acquisition of a nuclear ons of mass destruction. If the United know, never followed. weapon years in advance, it could have Nations does not act, it faces the pros- Which brings us to today, to the reso- been within a year that they could pect of joining the League of Nations lution we have before us, and to the have developed a nuclear weapon. Had on the dustbin of history: an inter- two fundamental questions that are he waited until he had that nuclear de- national organization, organized with being asked here in Washington, in vice before he invaded Kuwait, we the highest purposes, and by its inac- Maine, and throughout America: Why would have been in a far different position shown to be ineffective. Saddam Hussein? And why now? tion as we attempted at that time to I believe and I trust we will give a As to the first question, I have come expel him from Kuwait. strong vote, a bipartisan vote, in sup- to the conclusion—based on the facts— The Iraqi dictator has answered a port of this resolution. I believe build- that Saddam Hussein’s continued, ag- decade of resolutions with a decade of ing on that resolution we will build a gressive production of weapons of mass defiance. In the Southern and Northern coalition, and our world will be a safer destruction presents a real and imme- No-fly zones over Iraq, coalition air- place, even though we have to take the diate global mess, particularly in light craft continue to be fired on and coali- risks that are necessary and that come of the absence of any U.N.-mandated tion pilots continue to put their lives with this resolution in order to secure inspectors over the last 4 years. Indeed, on the line to enforce these resolu- that safety and that peace for our- it was just 4 months after Congress tions. selves, our children, and our future. passed the 1998 resolution that Hussein There is an ongoing war that Saddam Mr. President, I urge my colleagues drove out the U.N. weapons inspectors. Hussein has carried out against the co- to support this resolution. I look for- And what were those inspectors leav- alition which is seeking to enforce ward to working with them on this ing behind? A 1999 report by Richard United Nations resolutions. Just this matter. Butler, the chief inspector, UNSCOM, year alone, coalition aircraft have been I thank the Chair and yield the floor. found when they left Iraq, they were fired on over 400 times. Since Saddam The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- unable to account for 360 tons of bulk Hussein made what I believe, from past ator from Maine. chemical agent, including 11⁄2 tons of experience, will be shown to be a hol- Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I rise to VX nerve agent, 3,000 tons of precursor low promise to cooperate with the speak today on the resolution before chemicals, enough growth media to United Nations, they have fired on coa- this body concerning the use of force manufacture 25,000 liters of anthrax lition aircraft more than 47 times. Sad- against Iraq. spores, and 30,000 special munitions for dam Hussein is a master at saying one For the third time in 12 years, the delivering of chemical and biological thing and doing another. Senate is considering a resolution to agents. As President Bush has stated in the address a threat posed by Saddam Hus- Today, there is no reason to believe past: sein to America as well as to the global Hussein has ever looked back. As re- The Iraqi regime is led by a dangerous and community. ported in the U.S. intelligence commu- brutal man. We know he is actively seeking As I said on the floor of the House of nity document made public on October the destructive technologies to match his hatred. And we know that he must be Representatives when I was a Member 4, 2002, he has been seeking to revamp stopped. The dangers we face will only wors- of that body in 1991, on behalf of the and accelerate his nuclear weapons en from month to month and year to year. authorization of what would become program. The report concluded that if To ignore these threats is to encourage Operation Desert Storm: left unchecked, Iraq would ‘‘probably them—and when they have fully material- [T]he magnitude of the vote I now face is have a nuclear weapon during this dec- ized, it may be too late to protect ourselves greater than any other I have or likely will ade,’’ and that if Hussein could acquire and our allies. By then, the Iraqi dictator cast. weapons-grade fissile material from will have had the means to terrorize and dominate the region, and each passing day That is true any time we consider abroad ‘‘it could make a nuclear weap- could be the one on which the Iraqi regime whether to potentially place American on within a year.’’ gives anthrax or VX nerve gas or someday a men and women in harm’s way. That is This information is echoed in the nuclear weapon to a terrorist group. why I approached this particular vote September 24, 2002, intelligence dossier The mantle of leadership requires with the deliberation and the solem- released by British Prime Minister this body to act. We have seen the re- nity it demands. Tony Blair—a critical voice and ally in sults of a decade of speaking loudly and During that 1991 debate, I concluded our war on terrorism. That dossier out- carrying a soft stick. Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait lines Iraq’s weapons of mass destruc- We have pointed out, in past years, ‘‘threatened in infancy a new decade of tion programs past and present. the danger of this regime. We have hope.’’ As I said at the time, I voted as It finds Hussein, following the depar- called for changes. We have asked the I did: ture of U.N. inspectors in 1998, is ag- United Nations to strengthen its reso- . . . not because the military option is inevi- gressively pursuing development of a lutions. We have asked Saddam Hus- table, but in order not to undermine the nuclear capability, and is undeniably sein to readmit inspectors to assure us President’s efforts to achieve a peaceful out- seeking items needed to enrich ura- there are no deadly weapons of mass come to this crisis—efforts which require nium, such as fissile material and gas destruction being stockpiled. We have that a credible military threat be main- centrifuge components like vacuum been rejected at all points. tained against a brutal aggressor who only pumps and specialized aluminum tubes. understands the language of force. A credible Tellingly, the report also documents Let us act now and pass this resolu- threat is necessary against a man who has tion in support of our President. This raised one of the world’s largest armies, used Iraq’s attempts to buy large quantities resolution is needed to send an impor- chemical weapons against his own people, in- of uranium from Africa, even though tant signal to our allies and to the vaded two neighbors and is developing nu- Iraq has no civil nuclear power pro- United Nations. With our leadership, I clear and biological capabilities. We are gram. All of this is in breach of U.N. am convinced the President will build hardly dealing with a man of peace in Sad- Security Council Resolution 687. a robust coalition to say no to Saddam dam Hussein. Furthermore, the October 4 report Hussein. It will tell the world we are History, regrettably, has a way of re- states that Iraq is capable of ‘‘quickly serious about disarmament, and it will peating itself. Because 7 years later, in producing and weaponizing’’ a variety reaffirm our message to Saddam Hus- 1998, the Senate unanimously passed a of both chemical and biological agents, sein. resolution which found Iraq in ‘‘mate- including anthrax, ‘‘for delivery by Approving this resolution does not rial and unacceptable breach of its bombs, missiles, aerial sprayers, and mean military action is imminent or international obligations’’ under pre- covert operatives, including poten- unavoidable. The resolution will tell vious U.N. resolutions—including Secu- tially against the U.S. homeland.’’ the United Nations and all nations rity Council Resolution 687 that set the Both reports highlight that Hussein’s America speaks with one voice and is terms and conditions for the 1991 cease- weapons are hidden in ‘‘highly surviv- determined to make the demands of fire—and urged the President ‘‘to take able’’ facilities, some of them mobile, the civilized world mean something. appropriate action . . . to bring Iraq and, of course, in further violation of

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.014 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10143 Resolution 687, his unrelenting effort Towers in 1996, to the 1998 embassy Iraq has also reportedly provided safe to expand his ballistic missile capabili- bombings in Kenya and Tanzania, to haven to Abdul Rahman Yasin, one of the ties beyond 150 kilometers. the attack on the USS Cole in the fall FBI’s most wanted terrorists, who was a key Finally, the October 4 report found participant in the first World Trade Center of 2000, and culminating in the horrific bombing. that Iraq has rebuilt missile and bio- events of September 11, 2001. We also know that Saddam Hussein logical weapons facilities damaged dur- That terrible day would finally and continues to provide $25,000 rewards to ing U.S. cruise missile strikes in 1998. forever change the way we assess our the families of suicide bombers in the Iraq has begun renewed production of security and vulnerability, single- Middle East, continues to harbor the chemical warfare agents, probably in- handedly adding the term ‘‘homeland Abu Nidal Organization, and continues Security’’ to our national lexicon. It cluding mustard, sarin, cyclosarin, and to harbor the Palestinian Liberation VX—all lethal chemical toxins. has changed our conception of what Front. All of this is in flagrant violation not constitutes weapons and warfare—and And so the question we really need to only of the case-fire resolution, but how both may be used against us. ask ourselves is, why is Hussein so sin- also 12 other U.S. calls for disar- To paraphrase Governor Ridge, we gle-mindedly and at all costs amassing mament over the ensuing 11 years. So are now compelled to come to grips such huge stores of horrific weapons? it should come as no surprise that the with an enemy who makes no distinc- We know he has them. We know he has Security Council would have issued 30 tion between combatants and non- used them before. The question is, will letters of condemnation to Iraq over combatants. The battlefield itself has he use them again? this last decade alone. changed—today, asymmetrical threats The answer is that we don’t know for Iraq was condemned for failures to accost us in a theater of engagement certain. But from all I have been able cooperate fully and immediately, fail- that includes our own backyard. There to ascertain from high-level briefings, ures to allow immediate, uncondi- is no line of demarcation. the logical conclusion—based on all the tional, and unrestricted access, and Before September 11, we underesti- evidence, all the broken promises, all failures to fulfill all of its obligations mated the threat, and overestimated the obfuscation. And now the nexus be- as set out in previous resolutions. The our security. That is why the Senate tween Hussein and terrorist groups and bottom line is, in every instance, he and House have been holding joint in- individuals—is that we simply can’t af- has failed to comply—and the U.N. has telligence hearings, to determine how ford the risk to humanity. failed to enforce. we can learn from failures of the past. Some say we should wait until the Which brings us to the question of: The lapses were so egregious that it threat is imminent. But how will we Why now? What urgency has inter- prompted our recent vote to authorize know when the danger is clear, present jected itself that would necessitate the an independent commission, to conduct and immediate? When people start actions we contemplate today? My an- a more far-reaching inquiry into how checking into hospitals? When the swer begins not by citing a single fact we could have done better and how we toxin shows up in the water supply? or occurrence, but rather by illus- must do better in the future. When the dirty bomb goes off? trating a new, encroaching threat over Because there is no longer any ques- Because, in the shadowy world of ter- the past decade that was foreshadowed tion as to the scope of the threat—and rorism, as we have seen, that will al- by the first attack on American soil the ability and intent of terrorist ready be too late. For these are not since Pearl Harbor—the 1993 bombing groups to bring devastation to our soil. weapons that can be easily intercepted of the World Trade Center. As Secretary Rumsfeld said: or anticipated. They aren’t detected by I believe that was the seminal mo- We have entered a world in which terrorist sonar, and they don’t show up on radar ment when our enemies of today were movements and terrorist states are devel- screens. Therefore, the standard by introduced to the realm of the pos- oping the capacity to cause unprecedented which we judge the level and imme- sible—as those who would wish our de- destruction. Today, our margin of error is diacy of threat must be calibrated ac- struction developed and implemented notably different. In the 20th century, we cordingly. were dealing, for the most part, with conven- In the instance of Iraq, for a terrorist comprehensive strategies to systemati- tional weapons—weapons that could kill organization that shares Hussein’s dis- cally assault Americans and our inter- hundreds of thousands of people, generally dain for America, where better to ac- ests whenever, wherever, and however combatants. In the 21st century, we are deal- quire weapons of mass destruction? they could. ing with weapons of mass destruction that And for Saddam Hussein, what better It also should have been an awak- can kill potentially tens of thousands of peo- way to deliver these weapons than a ening for America. That is why I spear- ple—innocent men, women and children. terrorist who might smuggle a vial of headed investigations into the comings It is through this prism of the post- smallpox in a suitcase or store a can- and goings of Sheikh Omar Abdel September 11 world that we must view ister of sarin gas in a cargo container Rahman, the mastermind of that an ever emerging convergence of or launch a drone aircraft or other un- bombing in 1993, who entered and ex- threats over the last 10 years, rep- manned aerial vehicle that sprays aero- isted this country five times totally resented on the one hand by solized biological agents. unimpeded. transnational terrorism exemplified by In fact, Richard Butler, the former What I found led me to introduce legal-Qaida—with cells in more than 30 chief U.N. weapons inspector, was islation in 1994, requiring information countries—and on the other by a re- asked in an interview on October 8, sharing among critical Government gime in Iraq that has already developed 2002, ‘‘how easy it would be . . . for the agencies, to ensure those on the front and deployed horrific weapons of mass Iraquis to arm a terrorist group, or an lines of securing America would have destruction. individual terrorist, with weapons of the resources to keep dangerous aliens Even as far back as 1991, the United mass destruction.’’ It would be ‘‘ex- from entering the U.S. But there were Nations was concerned enough about a tremely easy,’’ Ambassador Butler told those who didn’t take the threat seri- potential linkage between terrorists the interviewer. ‘‘If they decided to do ously, and those reforms were quietly and Saddam Hussein to include in Res- it, it would be a piece of cake.’’ altered, and allowed to fade out of law olution 687 a requirement that Iraq in- It is true we cannot enter the diaboli- in 1998, and out of the national con- form the Security Council: cal mind of Saddam Hussein to know sciousness. that it will not commit or support any act of conclusively if and when he may de- Now, as we peel back the layers international terrorism or allow any organi- liver his weapons—or share those weap- through further investigation, we dis- zation directed towards commission of such ons with terrorists organizations. But covered the Sheikh was closely tied to acts to operate within its territory . . . we do have an obligation to make a Osama bin Laden and the network we Today, we know from Secretary judgment on which side of the equation now know as al-Qaida. The point is, Rumsfeld that ‘‘al-Qaida is operating we want to err—knowing he has the over the decade of the 1990s and into in Iraq’’. . . that we have ‘‘accurate means and opportunity to strike, and the fledgling days of the 21st century, and not debatable’’ evidence of report- knowing we will put potentially mil- our consciousness was not attuned to edly the presence of senior members of lions at risk should we misread his in- the emerging pattern of attacks, and so Al-Qaida in Baghdad, and other asso- clination, miscalculate this timing, or the pattern continued—from Khobar ciations. underestimate his capability.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.005 S09PT1 S10144 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 And we have been wrong before. Ac- have expressed, the use of force should There being no objection, the mate- cording to Secretary Rumsfeld, before be the last resort, and under this reso- rial was ordered to be printed in the Operation Desert Storm, ‘‘these best lution it is the last resort. The Presi- RECORD, as follows: intelligence estimates were that Iraq dent emphasized in his speech to the MATT LAUER (co-host): As we reported, was at least 5 to 7 years away from Nation that, ‘‘congressional authoriza- President Bush laid out his case against Sad- having nuclear weapons. The experts tion does not mean that military ac- dam Hussein again in a speech on Monday were wrong. When the U.S. got on the tion is imminent or unavoidable.’’ night in Cincinnati. He talked about Iraq’s capability to manufacture weapons of mass ground, it found the Iraquis were prob- I realize there are those who oppose ably 6 months to a year away . . .’’ destruction. Richard Butler was chief U.N. unilateral action should the U.N. fail weapons inspector in Iraq and the last person Just imagine if we were confronted to act, and accordingly would oppose to oversee an inspection team in Baghdad. with an Iraq that already had nuclear this resolution granting such Presi- Mr. Butler, good morning to you. capability. dential authority. But for those who Mr. RICHARD BUTLER (Former U.N. Weap- Today he is procuring his weapons would ultimately preserve the right to ons Inspector): Good morning, Matt. Good to with the $6.6 billion in illict revenue see you. authorize military action—even if we LAUER: Good to see you. In his speech last GAO estimates he has gained over the cannot secure a U.N. mandate for en- last 4 years through oil smuggling and night, the president actually quoted you, forcement—this resolution is pref- saying that Saddam Hussein is, quote, ‘‘ad- ‘‘surcharges.’’ When you consider that erable to a two-tiered approach. dicted to weapons of mass destruction.’’ You al-Qaida spent merely $500,000 to inflict Why? In my view, by granting mili- were last in Iraq in 1998, and before your in- such horror as we saw in New York, tary authority to the President in ad- spection team was kicked out . . . Pennsylvania, and the Pentagon, that Mr. BUTLER: Mm-hmm. vance, it leaves no question or uncer- equation becomes even more ominous— LAUER: . . . you said, and I’m quoting a tainty as to the level of our commit- all the more so as September 11 raised Time magazine article, quote, ‘‘you saw ment, thereby strengthening the Presi- some really disturbing stuff,’’ end quote. Be our sense of urgency and illuminated a dent’s ability to secure U.N. implemen- more specific. What did you see that we whole new range of dangerous sce- should be afraid of now? narios that place Hussein’s weapons of tation of a new and enforceable resolution and potentially places us on a Mr. BUTLER: Well, in particular, Matt, one mass destruction in a very different of the substances that the president men- light. course toward a peaceful disarmament. tioned last night, in may I say what I As Henry Kissinger warned the Sen- As always, diplomacy must constitute thought was an outstanding speech, I think ate Foreign Relations Committee on our first line of defense. But in the the best he’s given, that substance is called September 26, ‘‘We are only at the be- event that action becomes necessary to VX. It is the most toxic of the chemical war- ginning of global proliferation,’’ and safeguard our national security inter- fare agents. And we saw some deeply disturbing evidence that Iraq had made a very thus we need to ‘‘consider not only the ests outside the auspices of the United Nations, let there be no mistake—the significant quantity of VX. I was pleased to risk of action but the consequences of see the president refer to that last night. We inaction.’’ In context of all we know— President must exert the last full also saw evidence that they had loaded it we can no longer assure Americans measure of effort in building an inter- into missile warheads. That’s the—the dif- that he can be contained and confined national coalition to join us in dis- ficulty Iraq has always had, is how to to Iraq. Therefore, I believe the world arming Saddam Hussein, because this weaponize this hideous stuff that they make must disarm Saddam Hussein now, shouldn’t have to be a solo endeavor and they continue to make. And in the case when the development of his capability for our nation. of VX, we saw evidence that they had loaded Iraq is not just a threat to America. it into missile warheads for delivery. is imminent—not waiting until it is LAUER: Iraq has agreed to let UN weapons imminent he is about to strike. It is a threat to all of humanity. It is inspection teams back into the country with In the absence of true strength of en- not just our interests we are pro- limitations. They will not be allowed to in- forcement, Hussein will continue to ex- tecting, it is the interests of a new cen- spect Saddam Hussein’s personal palaces. Is ploit our every weakness through his tury that must be free from the that worth anything, in your opinion? methodical ‘‘cheat and retreat,’’ as he scourge of global terrorism. And our Mr. BUTLER: No, it’s not, Matt. I’m really has done systematically and persist- goals with regard to Saddam Hussein slightly stunned to think that we are now exactly where we were four years ago. And ently in the past—resulting in more of are inseparable from our mission to by the way, it’s not palaces, it’s presidential the old dynamic of U.N. resolutions eradicate terror at its roots. sites. The—the parts of Iraq that the Iraqis and economic sanctions, followed by I have come to the regrettable con- declared in the past to be of presidential sig- the repeated inability of the U.N. to clusion that if we allow the Iraqi re- nificance measured some 75 square kilo- enforce its own mandates. gime to continue developing its hor- meters, you know, 50 square miles, much To change this paradigm, the Presi- rific capabilities with impunity, we are larger than the eight palaces that Saddam dent has now rightfully come to Con- endangering mankind by sending a cor- has. The number of buildings is what was really important in those presidential sites. gress to seek authorization and support rosive message that the stockpiling of for a resolution ensuring that when he It . . . weapons of mass destruction buys im- LAUER: What’s going on at . . . speaks, he does so with the strength of munity from international response. Mr. BUTLER: . . . was 1,100 . . . a unified, unequivocal American voice If the United States and its allies LAUER: . . . those sites . . . Mr. BUTLER: . . . buildings. that leaves no ambivalence as to the offer nothing but disapproving rhetoric resoluteness of our position...no LAUER: . . . in our opinion? or ineffective sanctions as the only Mr. BUTLER: Well, no, we—we can’t know doubt where America stands. price for Iraq’s hostility and defiance, without inspection. But we had excellent in- Given the gravity of the global impli- then we concede a victory to the tac- telligence information in the past that weap- cations of Hussein’s serial intran- tics of aggression. Rather, if the free ons were stored there, that materials, with sigence, there is no substitute for the nations of the world are to remain the which to make weapons were stored there. U.N. enforcing compliance, or for the Matt, it’s always been the same, and it is the authors of our own destiny, history U.S. working through the U.N. Appro- same today. The Iraqis say they have no teaches us that we must never coun- priately, this resolution calls upon the weapons, OK. If they don’t, let the inspectors tenance the tyranny of such threats. President to use the full weight of this in. And what they have tried to do today, as office, first and foremost through his As Winston Churchill wrote in 1936 of they did four years ago, is say you can come in up to a point . . . diplomatic means and persuasive the tyrants building stocks of state-of- the-art weapons of the day: LAUER: Right. power—as well as that of his foreign Mr. BUTLER: . . . but not in the places that policy team—to convince the U.N. to Dictators ride to and fro upon tigers which we say are presidential. That’s not good impose and enforce unfettered, unre- they dare not dismount. And the tigers are enough. stricted inspections. And as Secretary getting hungry. LAUER: And real, real quickly, how easy of State Powell has noted, ‘‘our diplo- The world can no longer ignore the would it be, in your opinion, Mr. Butler, for matic efforts at the United Nations tiger in Iraq. the Iraqis to arm a terrorist group or an in- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- dividual terrorist with weapons of mass de- would be helped by a strong Congres- struction? sional resolution....’’ sent that a transcript of the ‘‘Today Mr. BUTLER: Really quickly, Matt? Ex- Furthermore, as many of my col- Show’’ of October 8, 2002, be printed in tremely easy. If they decide to do it, piece of leagues, as well as my constituents, the RECORD. cake.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.006 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10145 LAUER: Richard Butler. Mr. Butler, thanks business is before the Senate. I urge changed, although I believe our contin- very much for your time. my colleagues to come and speak on ued efforts have degraded Hussein from Mr. BUTLER: Thank you. behalf or in opposition to the Graham a second-grade dictator to a third-rate LAUER: It’s 17 after the hour. Once again, amendment so we can dispose of that thug. here’s Katie. In 1991, I said I thought the constitu- KATIE COURIC (co-host): Thanks, Matt. amendment. It is my intention to move to table the Graham amendment after tional role of the Chief Executive is to Ms. SNOWE. I yield the floor, and I a reasonable length of time for my col- make war. That is our role—halt or suggest the absence of a quorum. leagues to come and speak for or prevent an unjust or unwise conflict. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The against that amendment, which is my stated my strong belief that the Presi- clerk will call the roll. right, as is any Senator’s right, but I dent must be able to use the diplomatic The senior assistant bill clerk pro- want to make sure every Senator has corps and the Marine Corps with equal ceeded to call the roll. the time, if they so wish, to speak on facility, subject only to our power to Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask the pending business. force a halt to actions taken contrary unanimous consent that the order for I see my dear friend from Wisconsin to the national interests. the quorum call be rescinded. in the Chamber. I know he is talking President Bush, I intend once again The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. about the overall issue. We need Sen- to vote to give you that power on a LEAHY). Without objection, it is so or- ators to speak on the Graham amend- geographically limited basis, but I do dered. ment. I am sure my friend from Wis- so with more reluctance because the f consin and my colleague from West situation has changed. We do not, as CONCLUSION OF MORNING Virginia would be glad to speak, but we we did 10 years ago, face a dictator who BUSINESS need to dispose of the pending Graham successfully invaded a tiny and rel- amendment and move on to other atively defenseless neighbor. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under amendments. We have not enlisted, as your father the previous order, morning business is I understand by 1 p.m. all amend- did so magnificently, the whole world closed. ments have to be filed. So let us move to fight by our side. We have not yet f on and dispose of the Graham amend- convinced our people or the world that AUTHORIZATION OF THE USE OF ment. international law is on our side, or UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES I yield the floor. that we are champions of the new AGAINST IRAQ Mr. REID. Mr. President, in debating world order envisioned by your father this resolution on which we spent so in which the power of a nation is meas- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under much time and so much thought, we ured by the strength of its moral val- the previous order, the Senate will now are making one of the most important ues and not by the size of its Armed resume consideration of S.J. Res. 45, decisions we have ever faced. The deci- Forces. which the clerk will report. sion to send American troops into bat- President Bush, the core ideal which The senior assistant bill clerk read as tle is not one we take lightly and I motivated the Founding Fathers was follows: don’t take lightly. that this would be a nation of laws not A joint resolution (S.J. Res. 45) to author- There is much at stake for this Na- men. As such a decent respect to the ize the use of United States Armed Forces tion. There is much at stake for the opinions of mankind requires that we against Iraq. State of Nevada. Thousands of men and should declare the causes which impel Pending: women in Nevada would undoubtedly our action. Our quarrel with Iraq is not Lieberman/Warner Modified Amendment be called to support or directly serve in about one two-bit tin-horn dictator. No. 4856, in the nature of a substitute. a military conflict with Iraq. Our pi- Rather, it is, and it ought to, be ex- Graham Amendment No. 4857 (to Amend- lots from Fallon Naval Air Station and plained as a question of the rule of law. ment No. 4856), in the nature of a substitute. Nellis Air Force Base are considered I am voting you this power, Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sen- the best aviators in the world. I know President, because I know this nation ior Senator from Virginia. they would be asked to play a leading would be justified in making war to en- Mr. WARNER. The Senate now turns role in eliminating the threat posed by force the terms we impose on Iraq in to the resolution, it is my under- Saddam Hussein. 1991, if we have to. But I am also voting standing. I am personally very grateful for the you this power secure in the knowledge The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- contributions that would be made by that no President of the United States ator is correct. the National Guard and Reserve forces of whatever political philosophy, will Mr. WARNER. The leadership has in- not only from Nevada but from across take this nation to war as a first resort dicated there have been expressions of our country. These heroic citizen sol- alternative rather than as a last resort. interest to speak this morning from diers are such an integral part of the I found most encouraging your Senator FEINGOLD for approximately 30 American military. We simply could speech on Monday when you said war minutes; Senator KAY BAILEY not succeed without them. We must be was not inevitable. HUTCHISON for 30 minutes; the Pre- mindful that their sacrifices are great I urge you Mr. President to continue siding Officer, Senator LEAHY, for 20 because they leave their families and to make the case to the American peo- minutes; and Senator GRASSLEY for 20 civilian occupations behind and be- ple and to the world. The international minutes. come citizen soldiers. They serve coalition you have started to build is Further, we have expressions on this proudly on behalf of our Nation. When critical, not only for military and cost- side by about half a dozen other Mem- called upon, they do not complain. sharing reasons, but also to assist in bers who would hope to speak during They did not question the need to act. the rebuilding of Iraq. the course of the day and the after- They did not ask why. Your father chose not to carry our noon, but we will await announcement However, we must explain that these fight into the cities of Iraq in 1991, and of names and times until the other side brave men and women are the reason we have to live with his decision. He indicates the expression of interest on for making this life-and-death decision. gave the Iraqi leadership a chance to their side. Therefore, I rise today to explain to reenter the community of peaceful na- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- one man why I intend to vote and how tions. Saddam Hussein has squandered ator from Arizona. I intend to vote. That man is President that opportunity. Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, what is George W. Bush. I say, President Bush, We stopped the fighting based on an the pending business before the Sen- your father may recall that a decade agreement that Iraq would take steps ate? ago I was the first Democrat in this to assure the world that it would not The PRESIDING OFFICER. I am ad- body to publicly support his request for engage in further aggression and that vised it is the Graham second degree congressional authorization to make it would destroy its weapons of mass amendment. war to free Kuwait. At that time, I destruction. It has refused to take Mr. MCCAIN. I thank the President compared Saddam Hussein to Benito those steps. That refusal constitutes a for informing me of what the pending Mussolini. My position has not breach of the armistice which renders

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.017 S09PT1 S10146 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 it void and justifies resumption of the list and be able to follow the statement I would like to hear from the Senator armed conflict. President Bush, if you by Mr. FEINGOLD. from West Virginia. Does the Senator believe the time has come to use force, Mr. REID. Without the Senator from from West Virginia wish to speak after this resolution authorizes you to do so. Wisconsin losing his right to the floor, the four we have lined up? I trust you will use this force wisely. could we answer a few questions that Mr. BYRD. I have an engagement I have not doubt that is Iraq con- are pending? I was watching the pro- downtown. I had hoped to speak imme- tinues to refuse to abide by its agree- ceedings from my office. diately following Mr. FEINGOLD. I ment the nations united in 1991 will It is my understanding there is an would have to say to my friend from again support enforcement in the order that is now in effect. Could the Arizona my remarks are on the general United Nations. But Mr. President, the Chair announce what that is? subject. They are not precisely on the rule of law matters, and so does a de- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- point with respect to the Graham cent respect for opinion of the rest of ator is correct. amendment. the world. As President of the United Mr. REID. It is my understanding, May I make a parliamentary inquiry? States you are the leader of the free under the order, we have four Senators I ask if the Senator will yield for that who are set to speak, and they have world; you are not its ruler. purpose? EINGOLD The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I will support the Lieberman amend- been given time. Senator F is first. The Republican is Senator ator from Wisconsin has the floor. ment. But I have said enough, Presi- HUTCHISON of Texas, to speak for 30 Mr. FEINGOLD. I do not want to lose dent Bush, and I have said it to explain minutes, as I recall. Then Senator my right to the floor at this point. Can my vote to you, to the people of Ne- LEAHY speaks for 30 minutes, and then the Senator from West Virginia pose a vada, to the people of this Nation, and Senator GRASSLEY speaks. That is as question to me? to the world. I have confidence, sir, far as we went this morning. Mr. BYRD. I would like to make a that you will do the right thing. Mr. MCCAIN. Is there a unanimous parliamentary inquiry of the Chair. Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, what consent in effect? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the is the regular order? Mr. REID. That order has already Senator yield for that purpose? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The reg- been entered. Mr. FEINGOLD. If I retain my right ular order is for Senators to debate the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The to the floor. Graham amendment to S.J. Res. 45. Chair was in error before. There is a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Senators will be recognized as they unanimous consent that was granted objection, it is so ordered. The Senator seek to speak, as they so appropriately this morning before the present occu- from West Virginia. do. pant took the chair, giving the allo- Mr. BYRD. I thank the distinguished Mr. FEINGOLD. My understanding cated times to Senator FEINGOLD, Sen- Senator for yielding for the inquiry. Is was there was an order entered where- ator HUTCHISON, Senator LEAHY, and there a motion to invoke cloture before by I would be recognized at this point. Senator GRASSLEY in the order as de- the Senate? The PRESIDING OFFICER. It was scribed by the senior Senator from Vir- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Two clo- not a unanimous consent request, but ginia. ture motions were filed yesterday, on the distinguished Senator from Vir- Mr. REID. Yesterday, we tried to line the resolution itself and on the ginia had mentioned others would be up Senators and give specific times, Lieberman substitute amendment. coming. Of course, the Senator from but it did not work. So what we de- Mr. BYRD. If I might ask, until what Wisconsin now has the floor and he is cided to do, with the consent of the two time today are Senators in a position in control of his time. leaders, is to line up a couple on each to offer amendments in the first degree Mr. FEINGOLD. I thank the Chair. side. We hope that works better than to the cloture motion on the Mr. BYRD. Will the distinguished yesterday. Yesterday we had a little Lieberman amendment? Senator yield for a question? bit of downtime because some people The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Mr. FEINGOLD. I yield for a ques- did not speak long enough, some people rule XXII, a 1 p.m. filing deadline is tion. spoke too long. So if the Senators from imposed on the first-degree amend- Mr. BYRD. This Senator has to go Arizona and West Virginia wish to get ments. Mr. BYRD. I wonder if Senators downtown and speak around noon. Does in the queue, I think that is totally ap- would yield consent to allow Senators the Senator intend to speak a consider- propriate. able length at this point? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to file first-degree amendments until a Mr. FEINGOLD. Not that long. I will ator from Arizona. later point today. For example, my be concluded in time for the Senator to Mr. MCCAIN. If the Senator from Ne- own situation is such, I have so many speak prior to that. vada will yield, I stated earlier the things going on, including a conference Mr. BYRD. Prior to that time? pending business before the Senate is on the Defense appropriations. I also Mr. FEINGOLD. Yes, sir. the Graham amendment. The Graham have other problems that would im- Mr. BYRD. I wonder if I might ask amendment should be dispensed with. pinge upon my ability to offer an unanimous consent to follow the Sen- That is why I hope any Senator who amendment by 1 p.m. Could all Senators have a little ator from Wisconsin? supports or opposes the Graham longer than that today? amendment would speak on it because Mr. WARNER. I say to my colleague Mr. REID. If I may, with the permis- that Senator REID, the assistant Demo- I intend to move to table the Graham sion of the Senator from Wisconsin, I crat leader, working with us, estab- amendment, which is my right. So will respond to the Senator from West lished the order. In consultation with when we line up people to talk, I am all Virginia. I will be happy, while Senator Senator REID, if he wishes to come for that, but I would seek recognition FEINGOLD is speaking, to see if we can back and suggest to us an amendment at some time—sooner rather than work with both sides to see if that is to what he had in mind, certainly we later—so we could dispose of the possible. We will do that. will take into consideration the desire Graham amendment. We need to move You are scheduled to speak for how of the Senator from West Virginia. But forward on this issue, I say to my long, Senator? at this time, I feel the leadership has friend from Nevada. Mr. FEINGOLD. Thirty minutes. established this, and I would not be at Mr. REID. The Senator from Arizona Mr. REID. And I say to my friend liberty to agree to anything else. is totally correct. I have been in touch from Arizona, we have heard from Sen- Mr. BYRD. If the Senator will yield with the Senator from Florida, and he ator GRAHAM from Florida. He was further without losing the floor? needs to come and speak. Otherwise, ready to come anytime today, but be- Mr. FEINGOLD. Yes. his motion is going to be tabled because we lined up the speakers, he did Mr. BYRD. If and when Senator REID cause it is not only the Senator from not come. We will make sure he has an comes back to the floor and attempts Arizona but others have the same thing opportunity to speak on his amend- to change the list—— in mind. As we all know, once that moment and that you are recognized. Mr. REID. I am here. tion is made, it is nondebatable. From Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, we can Mr. BYRD. I was about to say, I was what I have been able to determine, it rearrange the Senators on our side be- hoping I might be considered on the is likely that motion would prevail. cause the Senator from Arizona made

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.008 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10147 the point last night, Senator GRAHAM world where such a doctrine could trig- For some of these, we may well be came in—we were here—unexpectedly, ger very dangerous actions with very willing to send some 250,000 Americans laid that amendment down, and indi- minimal justification. into harm’s way; for others, frankly, cated to this Senator that he was going I want to be clear about something. probably not. to pursue it early in the morning. None of this is to say that I don’t agree These litanies of various justifica- with the President on much of what he Mr. REID. I say to my friend from tions—whether the original draft reso- has said about the fight against ter- Virginia it is not his fault. He is anx- lution discussions or the new White rorism and even what he has said about ious to speak. House resolution, or, regrettably Iraq. I agree, post-9/11, we face, as the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- throughout the President’s speech in President said, a long and difficult ator from Wisconsin. Cincinnati—in my view set the bar for Mr. REID. I ask unanimous consent fight against terrorism. We must be very patient and very vigilant, and we an alternative to a U.S. invasion so that the time to which the Senator high I am afraid it almost locks in—it from Wisconsin is entitled still be in must be ready to act and make some very serious sacrifices. almost requires—a potentially extreme effect. and reckless solution to these prob- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without With regard to Iraq, I agree, Iraq pre- lems. objection, it is so ordered. sents a genuine threat, especially in Mr. BYRD. I thank the distinguished the form of weapons of mass destruc- I am especially troubled by these Senator from Wisconsin for his kind- tion, chemical, biological, and poten- shifting justifications because I and ness and courtesy. tially nuclear weapons. I agree that most Americans strongly support the Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, many Saddam Hussein is exceptionally dan- President on the use of force in re- have spent months reviewing the issue gerous and brutal, if not uniquely so, sponse to the attacks on September 11, on advisability of invading Iraq in the as the President argues. And I support 2001. I voted for S.J. Res. 23—the use of near future, from hearings and meeting the concept of regime change. Saddam force resolution—to go after al-Qaida on the process and the very important Hussein is one of several despots whom and the Taliban and those associated role of Congress to the difficult ques- the international community should with the tragedies of September 11, and tions of substance, including foreign condemn and isolate with the hope of I strongly supported military actions policy and military implications. After new leadership in those nations. pursuant to S.J. Res. 23. But the re- Yes, I agree; if we do this Iraq inva- my own review and carefully listening lentless attempt to link 9/11 and the sion, I hope Saddam Hussein will actu- to hundreds of Wisconsin citizens in issue of Iraq has been disappointing to ally be removed from power this time. person, I spoke on the floor on Thurs- me for months, culminating in the I agree, we cannot do nothing with re- day, September 26. I indicated my op- President’s singularly unpersuasive at- gard to Saddam Hussein in Iraq. We position to the original draft use of tempt in Cincinnati to intertwine 9/11 must act. We must act with serious force authorization by the President. I and Iraq, to make the American people purpose and stop the weapons of mass also used that opportunity to raise believe there are no important dif- destruction and stop Saddam Hussein. I some very important questions to ferences between the perpetrators of 9/ agree, a return to the inspections re- 11 and Iraq. which I needed answers before sup- gime of the past alone is not a serious, porting a narrower and more respon- credible policy. I believe it is dangerous for the sible resolution. I also believe and agree, as important world—and especially dangerous for Now, after many more meetings and and as preferable as U.N. action and us—to take the tragedy of 9/11 and the reading articles and attending brief- multilateral solutions to this problem word ‘‘terrorism’’ in all their powerful ings, listening to my colleagues’ are, we cannot give the United Nations emotion and then too easily apply speeches, and especially listening to the ability to veto our ability to them to many other situations—situa- the President’s speech in Cincinnati on counter this threat to our people. We tions that surely need our serious at- Monday, I still do not believe the retain and will always retain the right tention, but are not necessarily the President and the administration have of self-defense, including self-defense same as individuals and organizations adequately answered the critical ques- against weapons of mass destruction. who have shown a willingness to fly tions. They have not yet met the im- When such a threat requiring self-de- suicide planes into the World Trade portant burden to persuade Congress fense would present itself—and I am Center and into the Pentagon. and the American people we should in- skeptical that is exactly what we are Let me say the President is right, we vade Iraq at this time. dealing with here—then we could, if have to view the world, the threats, Both in terms of the justifications necessary, act alone, including mili- and our own national security in a very for an invasion and in terms of the mis- tarily. different light since 9/11. There are sion and the plan for the invasion, the These are all areas where I agree shocking new threats. But it is not administration’s arguments do not add with the administration. However, I helpful to use virtually any strand or up. They do not add up to a coherent am increasingly troubled by the seem- extreme rhetoric to suggest the new basis for a new major war in the middle ingly shifting justifications for an in- threat is the same as other preexisting of our current challenging fight vasion at this time. My colleagues, I threats. against the terrorism of al-Qaida and am not suggesting there has to be only related organizations. Therefore, I can- one justification for such a dramatic I think common sense tells us they not support the resolution for the use action, but when the administration are not the same. They cannot so eas- of force before the Senate. moves back and forth from one argu- ily be lumped together as the President My colleagues, my focus today is on ment to another, it undercuts the sought to do in Cincinnati. the wisdom of this specific resolution, credibility of the case and the belief in I have reviewed the intermittent ef- vis-a-vis Iraq, as opposed to discussing its urgency. I believe this practice of forts to suggest a connection of 9/11 the notion of an expanded doctrine of shifting justifications has much to do and Saddam Hussein, or suggest the preemption, which the President has with the troubling phenomenon of possibility such a connection has devel- articulated on several occasions. How- many Americans questioning the ad- oped since 9/11. I want to be very clear. ever, I associate myself with the con- ministration’s motives in insisting on In fact, if there was a connection in cerns eloquently raised by Senator action at this time. planning for the 9/11 attacks by Sad- KENNEDY and Senator BYRD and others What am I talking about? I am talk- dam Hussein or his agents and the per- that this could well represent a dis- ing about the spectacle of the Presi- petrators of 9/11 and al-Qaida, I have al- turbing change in our overall foreign dent and senior administration offi- ready voted for military action. I have and military policy. This includes cials citing a reported connection to no objection. But if it is not, if this is grave concerns about what such a pre- al-Qaida one day, weapons of mass de- premised on some case that has sup- emption-plus policy will do to our rela- struction the next day, Saddam Hus- posedly been made with regard to a tionship with our allies, to our na- sein’s treatment of his own people on subsequent coalition between al-Qaida tional security, and to the cause of another day, and then on some days and the Iraqi government, I think the world peace in so many regions of the the issue of Kuwaiti prisoners of war. President has to do better. He has to do

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.024 S09PT1 S10148 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 better than the shoddy piecing to- than the fight against the perpetrators That is all he said. Now, that is a gether of flimsy evidence that con- of 9/11, but because it may not be con- pretty weak reassurance, to me, that tradicts the very briefings we have resistent with and may even be harmful such an enormous undertaking will not ceived by various agencies. I am not to the top national security issue of call into question some of our other hearing the same things at the brief- this country. And that is the fight military efforts and priorities. ings I am hearing from the President’s against terrorism and the perpetrators What about what we are doing in top officials. of the crimes of 9/11. Bosnia? What about what we are doing In fact, on March 11 of this year, Vice In fact, I am so pleased to see one of in Kosovo? What about all the re- President CHENEY, following a meeting the most eloquent spokesmen on this sources stretching from the Philippines with Tony Blair, raised the possibility viewpoint here in the Senate Chamber, all the way to portions of the former of weapons of mass destruction falling Senator GRAHAM, who has done a ter- Soviet Union, to the Middle East, to into the hands of terrorists. He said: rific job of trying to point out our top parts of Africa, that are being em- We have to be concerned about the poten- priorities in this area. He said: ployed in the fight against terrorism? tial marriage, if you will, between a terrorist Our first priority should be the successful What about the fact we are using our organization like al-Qaida and those who completion of the war on terrorism. Today, National Guards and Reserves, many hold or are proliferating knowledge about we Americans are more vulnerable to inter- times within our country, to protect weapons of mass destruction. national terrorist organizations than we are our own citizens at public events with In March, there was a potential mar- to Saddam Hussein. regard to the challenge of the fight riage. I ask: Is this war against terrorism against terrorism? Then the Vice President said on Sep- going so terribly well when we see the All of this, and an invasion of Iraq, tember 8, without evidence—and no possible explosion of the French tanker too? I wonder. As mighty as we are, I evidence has been given since that in Yemen, when we see the tremendous wonder if we are not very close to time—that there are: difficulties in trying to pursue sta- being overextended. Invasion of Iraq in ‘‘Credible but unconfirmed’’ intelligence bility in Afghanistan itself, and when the next few weeks or months could, in reports that 9/11 ringleader Mohammad Atta we realize we are not certain at all fact, be very counterproductive. In met in Prague with senior Iraqi intelligence whether Mr. Osama bin Laden is alive fact, it could risk our national secu- officials a few months before the 9/11 at- rity. tacks. or dead? Will the invasion of Iraq encourage our allies and Islamic friends In any event, I oppose this resolution We have seen no proof of that. because of the continuing unanswered Finally, the Secretary of Defense fol- to help us in the fight against terrorism, or just make them extremely questions, including the very impor- lows on September 27 of this year, and tant questions about what the mission says: nervous? I met with a group of African Ambas- is here, what the nature of the oper- There is ‘‘bulletproof evidence’’ of Iraqi sadors the other day in my role as ation will be, what will happen con- links to al-Qaida, including the recent pres- cerning weapons of mass destruction in ence of senior al-Qaida members in Baghdad. chairman of the Africa Subcommittee Iraq as the attack proceeds and after- I don’t know where this comes from. of the Foreign Relations Committee. They told me various people were plac- ward, and what the plan is after the at- This so-called ‘‘potential marriage’’ in tack is over. March is beginning to sound like a 25th ing bets on what country would be next after Iraq under this new doctrine the In effect, we are being asked to vote wedding anniversary at this point. on something that is unclear. We do The facts just aren’t there. At least President is putting forward. Will this idea of invading Iraq at this time, on not have the answers to these ques- they have not been presented to me in tions. We are being asked to vote on the situations where they should have this case, on these merits, help or hurt cooperation in our fight against ter- something that is almost unknowable been presented to me as an elected in terms of the information we have Member of this body. In other words, rorism, against the known murderers of Americans who are known to be been given. the administration appears to use 9/11 In my judgment, the issue that pre- plotting more of the same? and the language of terrorism and the sents the greatest potential threat to I am especially dismayed at the weak connection to Iraq too loosely—almost U.S. national security—Iraq’s pursuit response to the potential drain on our like a bootstrap. of weapons of mass destruction—has military capability and resources in For example, I heard the President not been addressed in any comprehen- our fight against terrorism, if we go say in Cincinnati that Iraq and al- sive way by the administration to date. forward with this invasion at this time. Qaida both regard us as a common Of course, I know we don’t need to The administration likes to quickly enemy. Of course they do. Who else are know all the details, and we don’t have say, whenever asked whether we can do we going to attack in the near future to be given all the details, and we this and fight the war against ter- on that basis alone? shouldn’t be given all the details, but rorism—they just simply say we can do Or do we see an attempt to stretch we have to be given some kind of a rea- the notion of harboring terrorists? I both. There is no proof. There is no sonable explanation. agree with the President, if any coun- real assurance of this. Before we vote on this resolution, we try is actively harboring and assisting I find these answers glib, at best. need a credible plan for securing WMD terrorists involved in 9/11, we have to When former Secretary of State Kis- sites and not allowing materials of con- act against them. But I don’t think you singer was asked in this regard, he cern to slip away during some chaotic can bring to the definition of harboring said: course of action. I know that is a tall terrorists the simple presence of some It is not clear to me what measures that order, but it is a necessary demand. al-Qaida members somewhere in Iraq. are required in the war against terrorism As I said, I agree with the adminis- After all, apparently we have al-Qaida would be interrupted or weakened by the ac- tration when it asserts that returning tions that may be imposed on us if it is not agents active in our country as well. possible to do away with the stockpiles of to the same restricted weapons inspec- They are present in our Nation as well. weapons of mass destruction in Iraq by other tion regime of the recent past is not a How can this be a sufficient basis on its means. credible policy for addressing the WMD own? That is the only explanation the problem in Iraq. But there is nothing Therefore, without a better case for former Secretary of State gave us on credible about the ‘‘we will figure that an al-Qaida connection to Saddam Hus- this tough question. out later’’ approach we have heard to sein, this proposed invasion must stand But let’s look at what the current date. on its own merit—not on some notion Secretary of State, Colin Powell, said What if actors competing for power that those who question this invasion in response to a similar question. He in the post-Hussein world have access don’t thoroughly condemn and want to said: to WMD? What if there is chaos in the wake of the regime’s fall that provides see the destruction of the perpetrators So the campaign against terrorism is going of 9/11 and similar terrorist attacks on in full swing. And I don’t see why there is a new opportunities for non-state actors, the United States. suggestion that somehow, if we had to under- including terrorist organizations, to Invasion of Iraq must stand on its take this mission, it would be at the expense bid on the sinister items tucked away own—not just because it is different of the campaign against terrorism. in Iraq?

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 02:42 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.026 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10149 Some would say those who do not un- to provide this authority and approve provide for our Nation’s common de- questionably support the administra- the use of our awesome military power fense. There is no decision we make tion are failing to provide for our na- in Iraq without knowing much at all that requires more careful consider- tional security. But, I am sure of this: about what we intend to do with it. ation than a decision to authorize the these issues are critical to that secu- We are about to make one of the use of armed forces and, in so doing, rity, and I have yet to get any answers. weightiest decisions of our time within send America’s sons and daughters into We need an honest assessment of the a context of confused justifications and harm’s way. commitment required of America. If vague proposals. We are urged to get on Shortly after I was elected to the the right way to address this threat is board and bring the American people Senate, our Nation suffered through through internationally supported with us, but we do not know where the the brutal battle in Mogadishu, Soma- military action in Iraq, and Saddam ship is sailing. lia. It left 18 of our soldiers dead. Our Hussein’s regime falls, we will need to On Monday night, the President said mission was vague. There was no clear take action to ensure stability in Iraq in Cincinnati: ‘‘We refuse to live in American national security threat in and to help the country on the road to fear.’’ I agree. But let us not overreact Somalia. The President did not come reconstruction. or get tricked or get trapped out of to the American people and explain the This could be very costly and time- fear, either. rationale for continued military in- consuming. It could involve the occu- Mr. President, on the 11th of Sep- volvement. pation—the occupation—of a Middle tember, 2001, our country came under The impact of this uncertainty be- Eastern country. Now, this is not a attack, and the world suddenly seemed came very clear to me soon after the small matter: the American occupation shockingly small and unquestionably tragedy when I met a constituent on a of a Middle Eastern country. Consider dangerous. What followed that horror flight from Washington, DC, to Dallas. the regional implications of that sce- continued to be frightening and dis- He came up to me and said: Senator, nario: the unrest in moderate states, orienting: anthrax attacks, color-coded my name is Larry Joyce. I am your the calls for action against American threat levels, report after report of ter- constituent. I said: Hi, Larry, how are you doing? interests, the difficulty of bringing sta- rorist cells seemingly everywhere. What were you doing in Washington? bility to Iraq so we can extricate our- In the weeks and months since Sep- tember 11, Americans have had to con- He said: I was burying my son in Ar- selves in the midst of regional turmoil. lington National Cemetery. We need much more information tend with these changes and to come to grips with the reality this could hap- His son Casey had been killed in the about how we propose to proceed so we street ambush that was depicted in the can weigh the costs and benefits to our pen again and there are forces planning to do us harm, and we cannot uncondi- book ‘‘Black Hawk Down,’’ also a national security. movie. In Afghanistan, the Government of tionally guarantee our own safety. In this new world, we cannot help but Colonel Joyce said to me, with tears President Karzai works under constant rolling down his face: Senator, I am a sense the future is uncertain, our world threat, and instability plagues the military man. I served two tours in is disordered, unpredictable, up for country outside of Kabul. Many Afghan Vietnam. And now my son Casey, on grabs. So when our leaders propose people are waiting for concrete indica- his first mission as an Army Ranger, is taking action, Americans do not want tors that they have a stake in this new not coming home. Senator, I can’t tell to resist. But they are resisting this Taliban-free future. The task is you why. daunting, and we only have just begun vague and worrisome proposal. I vowed that day that I would never My constituents have voiced their that task. vote to send an American into battle concerns in calls, at town meetings, in What demands might be added in a unless I could answer that question. I letters, and through e-mails or faxes. post-Saddam Iraq? want to be able to face any parent and They are not calling for Congress to I do believe the American people are say: This is the national security inter- bury its head in the sand. They are not willing to bear high costs to pursue a est of our country, and that is why naively suggesting Saddam Hussein is policy that makes sense. But right your child signed up and was willing to somehow misunderstood. But they are now, after all of the briefings, after all fight and was sent to do so. of the hearings, and after all of the asking questions that bear directly on Since Somalia, I have come to the statements, as far as I can tell, the ad- our national security, and they are Senate floor to express grave reserva- ministration apparently intends to looking for answers that make sense. tions about deployments to Haiti, Bos- wing it when it comes to the day after, They are setting the standard, just as nia, and Kosovo. In each case, I called or, as others have suggested, the dec- they should do, in a great democracy. on the President to come to Congress, Their standard is high. We should ade after. I think that makes no sense make the case to the American people, work together to develop a policy to- at all. and outline the U.S. security interest. So, Mr. President, I believe to date ward Iraq that meets it. After the tragic events of 9/11, Presi- I yield the floor and suggest the ab- the administration has failed to answer dent Bush sought and received the au- sence of a quorum. the key questions to justify the inva- thorization to use force to find and de- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sion of Iraq at this time. stroy the terrorists who had launched clerk will call the roll. Yes, September 11 raises the emo- The bill clerk proceeded to call the that heinous crime. There was no ques- tional stakes and raises legitimate new roll. tion in my mind and in the minds of questions. This makes the President’s Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask most Members of Congress that our na- request understandable, but it does not unanimous consent that the order for tional security demanded our support make it wise. the quorum call be rescinded. of the President. I am concerned the President is push- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Today, President Bush seeks congres- ing us into a mistaken and counter- objection, it is so ordered. sional authorization to use military productive course of action. Instead of, Mr. WARNER. The Senator from force to deal with the threat Saddam in his words, this action being ‘‘crucial Texas is present in the Chamber. My Hussein poses with weapons of mass de- to win the war on terrorism,’’ I fear it understanding is, she is next to be rec- struction. We must answer the major could have the opposite effect. ognized. question for America: What is the U.S. So this moment—in which we are re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- security interest? Why Saddam? Why sponsible for assessing the threat be- ator is right. The Senator from Texas now? fore us, the appropriate response, and is recognized. It is a question I thought about as I the potential costs and consequences of Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I sat among the hushed crowds at the military action—this moment is of thank the Senators from Virginia, Ari- Pentagon’s memorial service on Sep- grave importance. Yet there is some- zona, and Connecticut for all of the ef- tember 11, 2002. It was a poignant mo- thing hollow in our efforts. In all of the forts being made to bring a full debate ment. I was surrounded by those who administration’s public statements, its on this issue to the Senate. had suffered so much and many who presentations to Congress, and its ex- Congress has no greater responsi- will ultimately bear the consequences hortations for action, Congress is urged bility under the Constitution than to of the decision we are about to make.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.028 S09PT1 S10150 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 I doubt there is anyone in America servicemembers and injuring scores Mrs. HUTCHISON. Yes. who doesn’t feel as I do. If we could more. What did we do? Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- have prevented 9/11, we certainly would Then came the devastating attacks imous consent that following the state- have. We didn’t have warning, and we of 9/11. Our Nation finally was awak- ment of Senator GRASSLEY, Senator paid a heavy price. ened. We put the pattern together to GRAHAM of Florida be recognized. It is this experience that has led see the threat to the very freedom that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without President Bush to think in a different we cherish. We did do something. We objection, it is so ordered. way about protecting our homeland. I took action against our enemy swiftly Mr. WARNER. Reserving the right to believe he doesn’t want to wait until and boldly after 9/11. Now we must fol- object. Senator MCCAIN will address an enemy is finished building his dead- low through. the Chair. ly arsenal and ready to attack from a The President has asked for author- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I ask the position of strength. It is one thing to ity to meet this threat. Congress gave Senator to repeat that. turn three commercial airliners into him wide latitude to root out ter- Mr. REID. I said that following the weapons of mass destruction. It is an- rorism. We and our allies are doing statement of the Senator from Iowa, other to have a nuclear missile ready that job in Afghanistan, the home base Mr. GRASSLEY, Senator GRAHAM be rec- to deploy or to arm an unmanned aer- of al-Qaida. ognized. Based on our conversations, ial vehicle with anthrax ready to ship We have liberated millions and mil- following that, the Senator from Ari- anywhere in the world. lions of innocent Afghanis from the zona would like to be recognized. Each generation of Americans has cruel Taliban regime. Mr. MCCAIN. That is fine. been called to defend our freedom. Now the President is asking for au- Mr. REID. I add to the request, Mr. Each time, our forefathers and mothers thority to go into Iraq. Why Iraq? Why President. have answered the call. Our genera- now? Because we have learned the les- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there tion’s time of national trial has come. sons of complacency. We have learned objection? We are being called to stop a new kind the lessons of not being prepared. Without objection, it is so ordered. of enemy, different from any we have The President has solid information Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, might I ever fought before. This enemy is not that with a small amount of highly en- at this juncture complete my state- just contained in one country or two, it riched uranium, Iraq could have a nu- ment to express strong support for the is spread throughout the world and clear weapon in less than a year. We remarks made by the distinguished even within our own borders. This know Iraq already has the means to de- Senator from Texas. She has been very enemy purposely kills itself in order to liver it. He has hard intelligence that much involved in the planning for this harm others. Iraq has chemical and biological weap- resolution, and I very much appreciate This enemy is patient, building re- ons and small, unmanned aerial vehi- her remarks. sources and striking when and where cles to disseminate them, potentially (Mr. REID assumed the Chair.) we are least prepared. This enemy uses killing thousands of people anywhere Mrs. HUTCHISON. Thank you. I say a different method each time. This in the world. The President is saying: to the Senator from Virginia that I ap- enemy requires a new kind of defense. ‘‘Do we wait for the attack, or do we preciate that. We have worked together That is what the President is attempt- take steps to prevent it?’’ Our post-9/11 on this resolution to try to ensure that ing to build. defense strategy demands that we pre- the President has the authorization he The cold war ended when the Iron vent it. needs and that Congress plays its con- Curtain and Berlin Wall came tumbling Saddam Hussein has fired on coali- stitutional role. I appreciate all the co- down. The post-cold-war era ended tion aircraft patrolling the no-fly zones operation on both sides of the aisle to when the World Trade Center towers over Iraq 2,500 times since the Gulf make this happen. came crashing down. September 11 War. Saddam Hussein has rewarded the Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, pending made it abundantly clear that the families of Palestinian suicide bomb- the arrival of Senator LEAHY, I ask strategy of deterrence alone is not ers. He has attempted to assassinate unanimous consent for a colloquy with enough. the former U.S. President who led the Senator SPECTER and LIEBERMAN. I The President recently released a international coalition that defeated imagine Senator LEAHY will be here new national security strategy. It ar- him in the Gulf War. His No. 1 enemy shortly. ticulates a policy of preemption and is the United States of America. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without dominance. Some fear that our new na- So if all diplomatic efforts fail, and if objection, it is so ordered. tional security strategy is too bold. A the U.N. weapons inspectors are not al- The Senator from Pennsylvania is bold defense does not cause calamities lowed unfettered access to suspected recognized. to occur, but a lack of action will. It is sites, our President wants to be able to Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, I had not our defense strategy that will pro- take away Saddam Hussein’s means to discussed briefly with the Senator from voke attacks on the United States. destroy us and our allies. Connecticut a couple of questions, and Rather, it is when we fail to act or fail It is our responsibility to give the I would like to engage him in a col- to lead that our enemies strike. It is President the authorization he needs. loquy. The first relates to the dif- when they think we have become soft The question of whether the security of ference in language between the 1991 and complacent that they will kill in- the United States is threatened has resolution authorizing then-President nocent Americans again. been answered. The answer is yes. Bush to use force, which says in perti- We have learned hard and valuable It is with a heavy heart and a realiza- nent part: lessons these past few years. The first tion of the consequences that I will The President is authorized to use United terrorist attack on the World Trade vote yes. But it would be a burden I States Armed Forces, pursuant to resolu- Center occurred in 1993, a bombing that could not carry to vote no and then, a tions of the UN, in order to achieve imple- killed 6 Americans and injured more year or 2 from now, see a preventable mentation of those Security Council resolu- than 1,000. What did we do? In 1996, attack kill thousands more innocent tions. Hezbollah extremists bombed the Americans or our allies. Now, that is different from the au- United States military barracks at Mr. President, we are going to meet thorization in the current resolution, Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia, killing this test of our generation. We are which says: 19 American servicemembers and injur- going to protect the freedom and the The President is authorized to use the ing 500 others. What did we do? In 1998, way of life that has become the beacon Armed Forces of the United States as he deal-Qaida terrorists bombed the United to the world of the way life should be. termines to be necessary and appropriate. States Embassies in Kenya and Tan- We can do no less. The current resolution might be zania, killing and injuring hundreds. I yield the floor. called a subjective standard, which What did we do? In 2000, al-Qaida ter- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- gives substantially greater latitude to rorists again attacked Americans, this ator from Nevada is recognized. President Bush to use force ‘‘as he de- time bombing the U.S.S. Cole in Mr. REID. Has the Senator com- termines to be necessary and appro- Yemen, killing 17 American pleted her statement? priate.’’ This language is very much

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.034 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10151 subjective as contrasted with the 1991 Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, was the sistent with what I said in response to language, which is more objective, au- Senator from Pennsylvania seeking the earlier question. thorizing the President to use force to further time? The President, as Commander in achieve implementation of certain Se- Mr. SPECTER. I ask, Mr. President, Chief, is given the authority, the re- curity Council resolutions. the Senator from Vermont if I may sponsibility, and accountability to en- I ask the Senator from Connecticut if pose one more question. force all relevant U.N. Security Coun- the intent here, in trying to develop Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I suggest cil resolutions regarding Iraq. I do not some legislative history, notwith- the regular order. think anyone expects the President to standing the language in the present The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time take military action against Iraq if, resolution, is really about the same—or will come off Senator LEAHY’s time. hopefully, and in some sense miracu- is the same—as the 1991 resolution. Mr. LEAHY. I will have no objection lously, Saddam disarms, destroys his Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I to that provided the time is not taken ballistic missiles, unmanned aerial ve- thank my colleague from Pennsylvania from the time the Senator from hicles, allows inspections without any for his thoughtful question. The intent Vermont has reserved. restrictions. Under those cir- is the same, although we may have a Mr. MCCAIN. Reserving the right to cumstances, it is hard to imagine the different understanding of what that object, how long will it take? President would authorize military ac- intent is. I will say that the operative Mr. SPECTER. Probably less than tion, for instance, in regard to some of language here may be somewhat dif- the time to inquire about it. I will ask the lesser U.N. resolutions as generally ferent because the circumstances that the question in a minute or less. understood by this body. engendered the resolution of Congress The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. SPECTER. I thank the Senator in 1991 are different than now. Then, we ator from Pennsylvania is recognized from Connecticut. had a specific act, which was the Iraq for up to 1 minute. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- invasion of Kuwait. Resolutions have Mr. SPECTER. The question I have ator from Vermont is recognized for up been passed by the U.N. so that there for the Senator from Connecticut is on to 30 minutes. was specifically reference in the au- the expansive whereas clauses. One of Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I have thorizing resolution that Senator WAR- these clauses refers to repression of the enjoyed this colloquy and would yield NER and I were privileged to cosponsor civilian population of Iraq. I ask further, but I know there are other in 1991. whether the resolution intends to give Senators awaiting their turn to speak. Now we have a totality of cir- the President the power to use force to On September 26, I spoke at length in this Chamber about the important cumstances, including the repeated cure those kinds of matters, which are issue before us. I voiced my concerns violation of some of those same resolu- separate from the issues of weapons of and the concerns of a great many tions, but others calling for inspec- mass destruction, and whether the Vermonters—in fact, a great many tions, calling for the destruction of issue on weapons of mass destruction is weapons of mass destruction that Sad- Americans from whom I have heard. I satisfied, so that the UN resolutions dam Hussein has. In fact, in the initial spoke about the President’s plan to are satisfied, and whether the clause on suggestion of a resolution drafted by send Americans into battle to over- authorization relating to defending the the White House, there was an enu- throw Saddam Hussein. national security interests of the meration of specific U.N. resolutions, Many Senators have also expressed United States will be satisfied with the and Members of Congress negotiating— their views on this difficult decision. resolution of the weapons of mass de- I believe from the other body—pre- As I prepared to speak 2 weeks ago, I struction without picking up the ferred to have the term that we have in listened to Senator BINGAMAN urge the whereas clause on regime change. there now, giving the President the administration to seriously consider a I think that is less than a minute, power to use the Armed Forces to en- proposal for ‘‘coerced inspections.’’ Mr. President. force all relevant United Nations Secu- After I finished speaking, Senator Mr. LIEBERMAN. I probably should rity Council resolutions. JOHNSON voiced his support for pro- In either case, I think what is inlet the Senator from Arizona respond viding the President with the broad au- volved here is an understanding both in because he will do it much more quick- thority he seeks to use military force the 1991 resolution and in this one that ly than I. against Iraq. Congress, using its authority under ar- Mr. LEAHY. Again, Mr. President, I The opportunity and responsibility ticle I of the Constitution to declare ask this not be deducted from the time to have this debate is one of the cor- war, authorize military action, does so available to the Senator from nerstones on which this institution, and sets the parameters, but that ulti- Vermont. and indeed this country is built. Some mately, according to article II, it is the Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I have suggested that expressing mis- President who is the Commander in will try to do this within a minute and givings or asking questions about the Chief of the Army, Navy, United States perhaps give time for Senator SPECTER President’s plan to attack Iraq is some- militia of the several States, when to clarify this. The whereas clauses, how unpatriotic. Others have tried to called into the actual service of the the preamble, speak for themselves. It make it an election year issue on United States. Implicit in that has to suggests a totality of circumstances bumper stickers or in TV advertise- be the understanding that the Presi- that lead the sponsors of the resolution ments. dent will use the force that he deter- to want to authorize the President, if These attempts are misguided. They mines to be necessary and appropriate. all else fails, to take military action are beneath the people who make these As I said yesterday, with the author- against Iraq under Saddam Hussein. attempts and they are beneath the ity to give the President comes ac- Clearly—and what the President has issue. This is an issue of war. An issue countability. So, bottom line: There said and what the sponsors of the reso- of war should be openly debated. That are two different circumstances that lution have said—the focus of our con- is a great freedom of this Nation. We engender slightly different resolutions. cern is the weapons of mass destruc- fought a revolution to have such de- In each case, Congress is fulfilling its tion and the means to deliver them. As bates. responsibility to authorize military ac- we said yesterday, this resolution is in- As I and others have said over and tion, ultimately, within the param- tended to send a message to Saddam: over, declaring war is the single most eters set forth in both resolutions. You Disarm, as you promised to do 11 years important responsibility given to Con- have to give the President, as Com- ago at the end of the gulf war, or we gress. Unfortunately, at times like mander in Chief, the authority to make will use force to disarm you with our this, it is a responsibility Congress has decisions that he deems to be necessary allies and the international commu- often shirked. Too often, Congress has and appropriate in the defense of our nity. abdicated its responsibility and de- national security, and then be held ac- Nonetheless, the other conditions de- ferred to the executive branch on such countable for those decisions. scribing the totality of Saddam’s bru- matters. It should not. It should pause The PRESIDING OFFICER. Senator tality—violation of international law, and read the Constitution. LEAHY is now recognized for up to 30 invasion of his neighbors, et cetera— In the Senate, we have a duty to the minutes. are stated in the preamble and con- Constitution, to our consciences, and

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.030 S09PT1 S10152 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 to the American people, especially our Two weeks ago, when the President have to be very different. America wants the men and women in uniform, to ask sent Congress his proposed resolution U.N. to be an effective organization that questions, to discuss the benefits, the authorizing the use of force, I said that helps keep the peace. That is why we are urging the Security Council to adopt a new risks, the costs, to have a thorough de- I hoped his proposal was the beginning resolution setting out tough, immediate re- bate and then vote to declare war or of a consultative, bipartisan process to quirements. not. This body, the Senate, is supposed produce a sensible resolution to be I could not agree more. The Presi- to be the conscience of the Nation. We acted on at the appropriate time. dent is right. The status quo is unac- I also said that I could envision cir- should fulfill this great responsibility. ceptable. Past U.N. resolutions have In my 28 years in the Senate, I can cumstances which would cause me to not worked. Saddam Hussein and other think of many instances when we support sending U.S. Armed Forces to Iraqi officials have lied to the world asked questions and took the time to Iraq. But I also made it clear that I over and over and over. As the Presi- study the facts. It led to significant could never support the kind of blank dent points out, an effort is underway improvements in what we have done check resolution that the President in the U.N. Security Council—led by here. proposed. I was not elected to do that. the United States—to adopt a strong I can also remember times when Sen- I commend Senator DASCHLE, Sen- resolution requiring unconditional, ators in both parties wished they had ator HAGEL, and others who tried hard unimpeded access for U.N. weapons in- taken more time to carefully consider to work with the administration to spectors, backed up with force if nec- the issues before them, to ask the hard craft a bipartisan resolution that we essary. questions, or make changes to the leg- could all support. That effort is making steady islation, despite the sometimes over- But while the resolution that we are progress. There is wide acceptance that whelming public pressure to pass the considering today is an improvement a new resolution is necessary before first bill that came along. from the version that the President the inspectors can return to Iraq, and I know following the Constitution is first sent to Congress, it is fundamen- this has put pressure on the other na- not always politically expedient or tally the same. It is still a blank tions, especially Russia and France, to popular. The Constitution was not de- check. I will vote against this resolu- support our position. signed to be politically expedient, but tion for all the reasons I have stated If successful, it could achieve the following the Constitution is the right before and the reasons I will explain in goal of disarming Saddam without put- course to take. It is what we are sworn detail now. ting thousands of American and inno- to do, and there is no question that Mr. President, there is no dispute cent Iraqi lives at risk or spending tens having this debate, which really began that Saddam Hussein is a menace to of billions, or hundreds of billions, of some months ago, has helped move the his people and to Iraq’s neighbors. He dollars at a time when the U.S. econ- administration in the right direction. is a tyrant and the world would be far omy is weakening, the Federal deficit Today, we are considering a resolu- better without him. is growing, and the retirement savings tion offered by Senator LIEBERMAN to Saddam Hussein has also made no se- of America’s senior citizens have been authorize the use of force. Article I of cret of his hatred of the United States, decimated. the Constitution gives the Congress the and should he acquire a nuclear weapon Diplomacy is often tedious. It does sole power to declare war. But instead and the means to deliver it, he would not usually make the headlines or the of exercising this responsibility and pose a grave threat to the lives of all evening news. We certainly know about voting up or down on a declaration of Americans, as well as to our closest al- past diplomatic failures. But history war, what have we done? We have cho- lies. has shown over and over that diplo- sen to delegate this authority and this The question is not whether Saddam matic pressure cannot only protect our burden to the executive branch. Hussein should be disarmed; it is how national interests, it can also enhance This resolution, like others before it, imminent is this threat and how should the effectiveness of military force does not declare anything. It tells the we deal with it? when force becomes necessary. President: Why don’t you decide; we Do we go it alone, as some in the ad- The negotiations are at a sensitive are not going to. ministration are eager to do because stage. By authorizing the use of force This resolution, when you get they see Iraq as their first opportunity today, the Congress will be saying that through the pages of whereas clauses, to apply the President’s strategy of irrespective of what the Security Coun- is nothing more than a blank check. preemptive military force? cil does, we have already decided to go The President can decide when to use Do we do that, potentially jeopard- our own way. military force, how to use it, and for izing the support of those nations we As Chairman and sometime Ranking how long. This Vermonter does not need to combat terrorism and further Member of the Foreign Operations Sub- sign blank checks. antagonizing Muslim populations who committee for over a decade, I have re- Mr. President, I suppose this resolu- already deeply resent our policies in ceived countless letters from Secre- tion is something of an improvement. the Middle East? taries of State—from both Democratic Back in August the President’s advi- Or, do we work with other nations to and Republican Administrations—urg- sors insisted that there was not even disarm Saddam, using force if other oping Congress not to adopt legislation any need for authorization from Con- tions fail? because it would upset ongoing nego- gress to go to war. They said past reso- The resolution now before the Senate tiations. Why is this different? lutions sufficed. leaves the door open to act alone, even Some say the President’s hand will Others in the administration argued absent an imminent threat. It surren- be strengthened by Congress passing that the United States should attack ders to the President authority which this resolution. In 1990, when the Iraq preemptively and unilaterally, the Constitution explicitly reserves for United States successfully assembled a without bothering to seek the support the Congress. broad coalition to fight the gulf war, of the United Nations, even though it And As I said 2 weeks ago, it is the Congress passed a resolution only is Iraq’s violations of U.N. resolutions premature. I have never believed, nor after the UN had acted. The world al- which is used to justify military ac- do I think that any Senator believes, ready knows that President Bush is se- tion. that U.S. foreign policy should be hos- rious about using force against Iraq, Eventually, the President listened to tage to any nation, nor to the United and the votes are there in Congress to those who urged him to change course Nations. Ultimately, we must do what declare war if diplomatic efforts fail and he went to the United Nations. He we believe is right and necessary to and war becomes unavoidable. has since come to the Congress. I com- protect our security, whenever it is More importantly, the resolution mended President Bush for doing that. called for. But going to war alone is now before the Senate goes well beyond I fully support the efforts of Sec- rarely the answer. what the President said on Monday retary Powell to negotiate a strong, On Monday night, the President about working through the United Na- new Security Council resolution for the spoke about working with the United tions. It would permit the administra- return of weapons inspectors to Iraq, Nations. He said: tion to take precipitous, unilateral ac- backed up with force, if necessary, to To actually work, any new inspections, tion without following through at the overcome Iraqi resistance. sanctions, or enforcement mechanisms will U.N.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.032 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10153 Many respected and knowledgeable discuss what else could happen? We But that time has not yet come. people—former senior military officers could be involved in urban warfare Based on what I know today, I believe and diplomats among them—have ex- where large numbers of our troops are in order to solve this problem without pressed strong reservations about this killed. potentially creating more terrorists resolution. They agree that if there is And what of the critical issue of re- and more enemies, we have to act de- credible evidence that Saddam Hussein building a post-Saddam Iraq, about liberately and not precipitously. The is planning to use weapons of mass de- which the Administration has said vir- way the United States responds to the struction against the United States or tually nothing? It is one thing to top- threat posed by Iraq is going to have one of our allies, the American people ple a regime, but it is equally impor- consequences for our country and for and the Congress would overwhelm- tant, and sometimes far more difficult, the world for years to come. ingly support the use of American mili- to rebuild a country to prevent it from Authorizing a U.S. attack to over- tary power to stop him. But they have becoming engulfed by factional fight- throw another government while nego- not seen that evidence, and neither ing. tiations at the United Nations are on- have I. If these nations cannot successfully going, and before we exhaust other op- We have heard a lot of bellicose rhet- rebuild, then they will once again be- tions, could damage our standing in oric, but what are the facts? I am not come havens for terrorists. To ensure the world as a country that recognizes asking for 100 percent proof, but the that does not happen, do we foresee the importance of international solu- administration is asking Congress to basing thousands of U.S. troops in Iraq tions. I am afraid that it would be what make a decision to go to war based on after the war, and if so, for how many the world expects of a superpower that conflicting statements, angry asser- years? How many billions of dollars seems increasing disdainful of inter- tions, and assumption based on specu- will we spend? national opinion or cooperation and lation. This is not the way a great na- Are the American people prepared to collective diplomacy, a superpower tion goes to war. spend what it will take to rebuild Iraq that seems more and more inclined to The administration has also been even when the administration is not ‘‘go it alone.’’ vague, evasive and contradictory about budgeting the money that is needed to What a dramatic shift from a year its plans. Speaking here in Wash- rebuild Afghanistan, having promised ago, when the world was united in its ington, the President and his advisors to do so? Do we spend hundreds of bil- expressions of sympathy toward the continue to say this issue is about dis- lions in Iraq, as the President’s Eco- United States. A year ago, the world arming Saddam Hussein; that he has nomic Adviser suggested, while not would have welcomed the opportunity made no decision to use force. providing at home for homeland de- to work with us on a wide agenda of But the President paints a different fense, drought aid for farmers, edu- common problems. picture when he is on the campaign cation for our young people, and other I remember the emotion I felt when I trail, where he often talks about re- domestic priorities? saw ‘‘The Star Spangled Banner’’ sung gime change. The Vice President said Who is going to replace Saddam Hus- by crowds of people outside Bucking- on national television that ‘‘The Presi- sein? The leading coalition of opposi- ham Palace in London. The leading dent’s made it clear that the goal of tion groups, the Iraqi National Con- French newspaper, Le Monde, declared, the United States is regime change. He gress, is divided, has questionable sup- ‘‘We are all Americans.’’ China’s Jiang said that on many occasions.’’ port among the Iraqi people, and has Zemin was one of the first world lead- Proponents of this resolution argue made little headway in overthrowing ers to call Washington and express that it does put diplomacy first. They Saddam. While Iraq has a strong civil sympathy after September 11. point to section 4, which require the society, in the chaos of a post-Saddam Why squander the goodwill we had in President to determine that further Iraq another dictator could rise to the the world? Why squander this unity? If diplomatic or other peaceful means top or the country could splinter along September 11 taught us anything, it is alone will not adequately protect the ethnic or religious lines. that protecting our security involves national security, before he resorts to These are the questions the Amer- much more than military might. It in- military force. They say that this en- ican people are asking and these are volves cooperation with other nations sures that we will act only in a delib- the issues we should be debating. They to break up terrorist rings, dry up the erative way, in concert with our allies. are difficult issues of war and peace, sources of funding, and address the But they fail to point out that the but the administration, and the pro- conditions of ignorance and despair resolution permits the President to use ponents of this resolution, would rath- that create breeding grounds for ter- unilateral military force if he deter- er leave them for another day. They rorists. We are far more likely to mines that reliance on diplomacy say: vote now! and let the President de- achieve these goals by working with along. cide. Don’t give the U.N. time to do its other nations than by going it alone. . . . is not likely to lead to enforcement of job. Don’t worry that the resolution is I am optimistic that the Administra- all relevant United Nations Security Council a blank check. tion’s efforts at the U.N. will succeed resolutions regarding Iraq . . .’’ I can count the votes. The Senate and that the Security Council will Unfortunately, we have learned that will pass this resolution. They will give adopt a strong resolution. If Saddam ‘‘not likely’’ is a wide open phrase that the President the authority he needs to Hussein refuses to comply, then force can be used to justify just about any- send United States troops to Iraq. But may be justified, and it may be re- thing. So let us not pretend we are before the President takes that step, I quired. doing something we are not. This reso- hope he will consider the questions But we are a great nation, with a lution permits the President to take that have been asked. I hope he con- wide range of resources available to us whatever military action he wants, siders the concerns raised by former and with the goodwill of most of the whenever he wants, for as long as he generals, senior diplomats, and intel- world. Let us proceed deliberately, wants. It is a blank check. ligence officials in testimony before moving as close to our goal as we can We have the best trained, best Congress. I hope he listens to concerns by working with our allies and the equipped Armed Forces in the world, raised privately by some of our mili- United Nations, rather than writing a and I know they can defeat Iraq. I tary officers. Above all, I hope he will blank check that is premature, and hope, as we all do, that if force is used listen to the American people who are which would continue the trend of ab- the Iraqi military surrenders quickly. urging him to proceed cautiously and dicating our constitutional authority But if we have learned anything from not to act alone. and our responsibility. history, it is that wars are unpredict- Notwithstanding whatever disagree- Mr. President, that trend started able. They can trigger consequences ments there may be on our policy to- many years ago, and I have gone back that none of us would intend or expect. ward Iraq, if a decision is made to send and read some of the speeches the Sen- Is it fair to the American people, who troops into battle, there is no question ators have made. For example, and I have become accustomed to wars that every Member of Congress will quote: waged from 30,000 feet lasting a few unite behind our President and our The resolution now pending is an expres- weeks with few casualties, that we not Armed Forces. sion of American unity in this time of crisis.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.023 S09PT1 S10154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002

It is a vote of confidence . . . but is not a CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, We have solid reporting of senior level con- blank check for policies that might in the fu- Washington, DC, October 7, 2002. tacts between Iraq and al-Qa’ida going back ture be carried on by the executive branch of Hon. BOB GRAHAM, a decade. the Government without full consultation by Chairman, Select Committee on Intelligence, Credible information indicates that Iraq the Congress. U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. and al-Qa’ida have discussed safe haven and DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: In response to your reciprocal non-aggression. Do these speeches sound familiar? letter of 4 October 2002, we have made un- Since Operation Enduring Freedom, we classified material available to further the They were not about Iraq. They were have solid evidence of the presence in Iraq of Senate’s forthcoming open debate on a Joint spoken 38 years ago when I was still a al-Qa’ida members, including some that have Resolution concerning Iraq. prosecutor in Vermont. At the end of been in Baghdad. that debate, after statements were As always, our declassification efforts seek a balance between your need for unfettered We have credible reporting that al-Qa’ida made that this resolution is not a debate and our need to protect sources and leaders sought contacts in Iraq who could blank check, and that Congress will al- methods. We have also been mindful of a help them acquire WMD capabilities. The re- ways watch what the Executive Branch shared interest in not providing to Saddam a porting also stated that Iraq has provided is doing, the Senate voted on that reso- blueprint of our intelligence capabilities and training to al-Qa’ida members in the areas of lution. Do you know what the vote shortcoming, or with insight into our expec- poisons and gases and making conventional was? 88 to 2. It passed overwhelmingly. tation of how he will and will not act. The bombs. salience of such concerns is only heightened Iraq’s increasing support to extremist Pal- In case everyone does not know what by the possibility for hostilities between the estinians, coupled with growing indications resolution I am talking about, I am U.S. and Iraq. of a relationship with al-Qa’ida, suggest that talking about the Tonkin Gulf resolu- These are some of the reasons why we did Baghdad’s links to terrorists will increase, tion. As we know all too well, the Ton- not include our classified judgments on even absent US military action. kin Gulf resolution was used by both Saddam’s decisionmaking regarding the use Sincerely, the Johnson and Nixon administrations of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in our JOHN MCLAUGHLIN (For George J. Tenet, Director). as carte blanche to wage war on Viet- recent unclassified paper on Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction. Viewing your request nam, ultimately involving more than with those concerns in mind, however, we half a million American troops, result- STATEMENT BY DCI GEORGE TENET, October 8, can declassify the following from the para- 2002 ing in the deaths of more than 58,000 graphs you requested. Americans. Yet, even the Tonkin Gulf Baghdad for now appears to be drawing a There is no inconsistency between our view resolution, unlike the one that we are line short of conducting terrorist attacks of Saddam’s growing threat and the view as debating today, had a sunset provision. with conventional or CBW against the expressed by the President in his speech. Al- United States. though we think the chances of Saddam ini- When I came to the Senate, there Should Saddam conclude that a US-led at- tiating a WMD attack at this moment are were a lot of Senators, both Repub- tack could no longer be deterred, he probably low—in part because it would constitute an licans and Democrats, who had voted would become much less constrained in admission that he possesses WMD—there is for the Tonkin Gulf resolution. Every adopting terrorist actions. Such terrorism no question that the likelihood of Saddam single Senator who ever discussed it might involve conventional means, as with using WMD against the United States or our Iraq’s unsuccessful attempt at a terrorist of- allies in the region for blackmail, deter- with me said what a mistake it was to fensive in 1991, or CBW. rence, or otherwise grows as his arsenal con- write that kind of blank check on the Saddam might decide that the extreme tinues to build. His past use of WMD against assurance that we would continue to step of assisting Islamist terrorists in con- civilian and military targets shows that he watch what went on. ducting a WMD attack against the United produces those weapons to use not just to I am not suggesting the administra- States would be his last chance to exact deter. vengeance by taking a large number of vic- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tion is trying to mislead the Congress tims with him. about the situation in Iraq, as Congress Regarding the 2 October closed hearing, we ator from Iowa is recognized for 20 was misled on the Tonkin Gulf resolu- can declassify the following dialogue. minutes. tion. I am not comparing a possible Senator Levin: . . . If (Saddam) didn’t feel Mr. GRASSLEY. Madam President, war in Iraq to the Vietnam war. They threatened, did not feel threatened, is it before I give my reasons for my vote on are very different countries, with dif- likely that he would initiate an attack using this resolution, I would like to point ferent histories, and with different a weapon of mass destruction? Senior Intelligence Witness: . . . My judg- out some ironies and inconsistencies in military capabilities. But the key ment would be that the probability of him some positions of some of my col- words in the resolution we are consid- initiating an attack—let me put a time leagues. ering today are remarkably similar to frame on it—in the foreseeable future, given It is not unusual for Senators to be the infamous resolution of 38 years ago the conditions we understand now, the likeli- inconsistent in positions taken, but in which so many Senators and so many hood I think would be low. recent weeks we have had some col- millions of Americans came to regret. Senator LEVIN: Now if he did initiate an attack you’ve . . . indicated he would probably leagues blaming the administration for Let us not make that mistake again. attempt clandestine attacks against us . . . not responding to the pre-9/11 warnings Let us not pass a Tonkin Gulf resolu- But what about his use of weapons of mass of possible terrorist attacks on the tion. Let us not set the history of our destruction? If we initiate an attack and he United States. I am talking about the great country this way. Let us not thought he was in extremis or otherwise, warnings of whether or not the CIA and make the mistake we made once be- what’s the likelihood in response to our at- the FBI had information about that fore. tack that he would use chemical or biologi- and whether or not the President had cal weapons? access to that information. The insinu- I yield the floor. Senior Intelligence Witness: Pretty high, in my view. ation is that maybe the President Mr. WARNER. Madam President, late In the above dialogue, the witness’s quali- knew more than what he did and, why last night in a colloquy between myself fications—‘‘in the foreseeable future, given didn’t he do something about 9/11? and the Senator from Oregon, the Sen- the conditions we understand now’’—were in- It seems to me the same colleagues ator from Oregon read into the RECORD tended to underscore that the likelihood of are now refusing to support the Presi- portions of a letter addressed to Sen- Saddam using WMD for blackmail, deter- dent’s call to disarm Saddam Hussein. ator GRAHAM, chairman, Select Com- rence, or otherwise grows as his arsenal builds. Moreover, if Saddam used WMD, it The President is trying to preempt mittee on Intelligence, signed by Saddam Hussein from unleashing on George Tenet. I ask unanimous consent would disprove his repeated denials that he has such weapons. Americans his weapons of mass de- that that letter be printed in the Regarding Senator Bayh’s question of Iraqi struction. Yet my colleagues who are RECORD today, followed by a statement links to al-Qa’ida, Senators could draw from inconsistent in this way apparently issued by Mr. Tenet bearing on his in- the following points for unclassified discus- want the President to wait until we are terpretation and intent in writing that sions: attacked again. I ask, if you were ex- letter. Our understanding of the relationship between Iraq and al-Qa’ida is evolving and is pecting preemption before September There being no objection, the mate- based on sources of varying reliability. Some 11, 2001, why wouldn’t you expect the rial was ordered to be printed in the of the information we have received comes President to preempt an attack on the RECORD, as follows: from detainees, including some of high rank. United States today?

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.038 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10155 I come to the floor today to share my destruction. We must, therefore, re- during the past decade. He has manipu- thoughts concerning the resolution be- spond appropriately. lated U.N. weapons inspectors, tortured fore the Senate. Again we find our- One of the most pressing concerns ex- and repressed Iraqi people, supported selves in the midst of an important depressed by my constituents over the international terrorists, and violated bate with one of the most important past few months is that of timing. The United Nations economic sanctions. decisions that many Senators will question: Why now? The question: Why So he continues to thumb his nose at make in our lifetime. The issue of war can’t we continue to pursue inspections the world, and particularly the rule of and peace involves the threats to the and other diplomatic measures? They law under the international regimes we lives of the men and women we send to are legitimate questions. Many of my all respect. battle. This issue may even involve colleagues will answer this differently The issue is as much about pro- threats to the American civilian popu- than I will. But the response for me is tecting people as it is about enforcing lation, as well. quite simple. I believe the actions by the international rule of law. But en- It was just a little more than a dec- Saddam Hussein over the past 10 years forcing international rule of law is one ade ago that many Members were here builds a strong case why firm action is way to eliminate chaos so people can making similar decisions in regard to needed and why we cannot afford as a live peacefully. the Persian Gulf war. Congress delaying a decision any Will the United Nations take a stand As many of my colleagues may re- longer. in defense of their very own resolutions member, I was just one of two Senate None of this precludes inspections or and hold Saddam Hussein accountable? Republicans who opposed the resolu- diplomatic missions. But these alter- Will the United Nations resolutions, tion authorizing military action natives demand full cooperation by which seek to provide peace and secu- against Iraq in 1991. I voted against Iraq if a military response is to be rity in the region, continue to be unen- that resolution because I questioned withheld. forced? the timing of military action while However, during the past 10 years, This resolution before the Senate diplomatic measures and economic the international community has then asks the United Nations: Does the sanctions had just been started. I felt worked with Iraq through diplomatic organization want to be relevant dur- they needed a chance to work. Oppos- efforts, various inspection regimes, ing the 21st century, an instrument of ing the resolution was a difficult deci- economic sanctions, and even limited peace in this century, or does it some- sion, but one that I have never regret- military force in an effort to encourage how want to fade away as the League ted. Saddam Hussein to abide by the very of Nations did because of its failures in While today’s decision is not one to resolutions he agreed to at the end of Abyssinia in the 1930s? be taken lightly, it stands in stark con- the gulf war. He agreed to follow these I want, and I hope all my colleagues trast to that of 1991. While I opposed within the rule of law—the inter- want, the U.N. to be relevant. I want that resolution for the reasons I stated, national rule of law. We can legiti- the U.N. to lead. Its moral leadership is I intend to support the compromise mately expect any person to agree to important. We have to discourage tin- resolution before us because I believe follow those agreements. horn dictators from violating the rule the time to hold Saddam Hussein ac- Yet Saddam Hussein has consistently of law. The time for accountability is countable is past due. and convincingly evaded and defied right now. But, this is not the first time since those obligations he agreed to. According to former President Clin- 1991 that Congress has approved a reso- In the spring of 1991, the United Na- ton, in a speech on December 16, 1998: lution approving military action tions Security Council agreed to Reso- Heavy as they are, the costs of action must against Iraq. lution 687, which required Saddam Hus- be weighed against the price of inaction. If In 1998, by unanimous vote by the sein to destroy his chemical and bio- Saddam defies the world and we fail to re- Senate and an overwhelming 407–6 vote spond, we will face a far greater threat in the logical weapons and to unconditionally future. Saddam will strike again at his in the House, Congress approved a reso- agree not to acquire or develop nuclear lution, and subsequently President neighbors. He will make war on his own peo- weapons. That same resolution also de- ple. And mark my words, he will develop Clinton bombed Iraq in December of manded Iraq not develop or acquire any weapons of mass destruction. He will deploy 1998. weapons of mass destruction. However, them, and he will use them. Let us see how forthrightly the Sen- the CIA reported Iraq is continuing to That is what President Clinton said ate spoke at that time about the dan- develop and acquire chemical and bio- in a speech on December 16, 1998. gers of Iraq and Saddam Hussein. logical weapons. Former President Clinton’s words are I speak from page 2 of the Iraq Lib- The report states since the United very applicable to the situation now, eration Act of 1998. It says in section 3: Nations weapons inspectors left in 1998, even 4 years later. It should be the policy of the United States I have also heard concerns from peo- to support efforts to remove the regime Iraq has maintained its chemical weap- headed by Saddam Hussein from power in ons effort and invested even more heav- ple who question this resolution, say- Iraq and to promote the emergence of a ily in biological weapons. ing that by supporting it, we are sup- democratic government to replace the re- In addition, the CIA estimated Iraq porting preemptive military action gime. could develop nuclear weapons in the against a sovereign nation. However, It is pretty clear we knew about the near term with the proper supply of for the last decade, the United States threat of Saddam Hussein under a material. and allied forces have patrolled no-fly Democratic President—President Clin- United Nations Resolution 687 also zones in northern and southern Iraq to ton—with a bipartisan action by con- required Saddam Hussein to end his protect Kurdish and Shiite minority sensus of this body. Why should any- support for terrorism and to prohibit populations from Saddam Hussein, and body be surprised if President Clinton terrorist organizations from operating all the while they have been fired upon and the Senate, in a bipartisan way, inside the borders of Iraq. by Iraq’s military. would be expressing the same concern 4 Yet there is clear evidence Iraq has These are American pilots. Some of years later? provided safe haven to a number of them have been Iowans because over What was the basis of that over- prominent, international terrorists. the past 6 years the Iowa Air National whelming vote? Primarily, it was be- Iraq has provided assistance to ter- Guard has completed five 90-day mis- cause Iraq has kicked United Nations rorist organizations whose sole purpose sions and will likely be needed for a weapons inspectors out, as they did in is to disrupt and prevent peace efforts sixth mission before the end of this 1998. Today we have a lot of intel- in the Middle East. year. And as the President stated ear- ligence information saying it is a far Most importantly, fleeing al-Qaida lier this week, the American and Brit- more dangerous situation today, and members now reside in Iraq. Of course, ish pilots have been fired upon more particularly for the United States. it is only a matter of time before these than 750 times. In a sense, we have Thousands of Americans were killed two enemies of the United States join been involved in military action in in that 9/11 attack by terrorists. forces—and maybe they already have. Iraq since the 1991 gulf war. So what is Iraq is aligned with those terrorists, Altogether, Saddam has defied at contemplated by this resolution cannot and Iraq is building weapons of mass least 16 United Nations resolutions be described as preemptive.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.039 S09PT1 S10156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Some of my constituents have also citizens, secure the homeland, and, have the authority to use force as questioned the effect this will have on most importantly, defend American within the range of his authority. our war on terrorism. I believe that values and our way of life. By sup- There has been a lot of discussion forcing Iraq to disarm is part of the porting this resolution, we will send a over the past several months about war against terrorism and is consistent strong signal to the United Nations, as connecting the dots, seeing a pattern with the war on terrorism. Iraq has al- well as our friends and allies around out of what might appear to be isolated ready been labeled by previous admin- the world, that we will not sit idly by independent events. It is always easier istrations as a state sponsor of ter- and allow a ruthless dictator to violate to do that after the disaster, after Sep- rorism. Iraq is one of seven nations to international law and threaten the se- tember 11, than it is before. I consider be designated by our own State Depart- curity of that region and, in fact, im- us today as standing before the event ment as a state sponsor of terrorism. pact the whole world. This resolution has occurred, and I think we can begin And given Iraq’s support for inter- says to the world community that to see the pattern of the dots today. national terrorists and its support for America stands together, committed to What are those dots? What is that pat- efforts to provide safe haven for al- the rule of law and the security of all tern? Qaida, it is clear that this effort should nations. First, a new element has been added not be seen as separate from the war on So, Madam President, I urge my col- to our assessment of national security terrorism but very much an integral leagues to support this resolution of- risk. That is the element of what is the part of the war on terrorism. fered by our colleagues, Senator risk to Americans in the homeland. It is because of our obligations to en- LIEBERMAN and Senator WARNER. When we went to war in Korea, we did force international law, and to disarm I yield the floor. not ask the question: What will this this threat to our national security The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- mean to our people at home? We did and to the security of the entire world, ator from Connecticut. not ask that question in Vietnam. We that I have decided to support the reso- Mr. LIEBERMAN. Madam President, did not ask that question when we lution offered by Senator LIEBERMAN I believe there is an order. I ask unani- voted together to authorize the Presi- and Senator WARNER. mous consent that I be able to speak A decade ago, as I said, I opposed war dent to use force in the Persian Gulf. with Iraq because I believed we had not for a moment. This is a new phenomenon in the para- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there exhausted all alternatives available at digm of American and national secu- objection? that time. Today, I support this resolu- rity consideration. Without objection, it is so ordered. tion because we have exhausted all The second dot is, who poses the Mr. LIEBERMAN. Madam President, other remedies, unless somehow Sad- greatest risk inside the homeland? In I thank the Senator from Iowa for his dam Hussein has a change of heart. my judgment, it is those nations, orga- strong and thoughtful statement and After years of evasion, after years of nizations, and persons who possess for his expression of intention to vote defiance, the time has come to stand three primary characteristics: One, ac- firm and enforce the resolutions to dis- for this resolution—all the more sig- cess to weapons of mass destruction; arm Iraq. Or, on the other hand, it is nificant, as he pointed out, because he two, a hatred for the United States; time for Saddam Hussein to repent and was one of two Republican Members of and three, a significant presence of fully cooperate. But his track record in the Senate to vote against the similar trained operatives within the United that regard is not very promising. resolution prior to the gulf war. And I States. It is that triumvirate which It is important to keep in mind that think his support—a respected and makes our enemy lethal. this resolution before the Senate does solid Member of the Senate, as he is— The third dot, that we have the op- not guarantee military action, nor do I gives encouragement to those of us portunity to reduce the risk of that tri- think it should. But it does authorize who are the sponsors of this resolution umvirate. We can do it by rolling up the use of United States military that when the final roll is called, we the terrorists here at home, or we can forces to defend the national security will enjoy the broad bipartisan support do it by cutting off the support which of the United States against this con- that I truly believe this resolution de- the terrorists are receiving from tinuing threat posed by Iraq and to en- serves and the moment requires. abroad. I suggest we ought to be doing force all relevant U.N. resolutions re- I thank my colleague and the Chair. both. garding Iraq. In other words, this is as The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- If we are going to effectively attack much about enforcing the rule of law ator from Nevada. over there, it requires we have the re- as a policeman in Washington, DC, Mr. REID. Madam President, I alert sources, a strategy, and the authoriza- would enforce the domestic rule of law Members that at 1:30 or a quarter to 2, tion to use the force against our enemy to prevent chaos and to encourage law- thereabouts, there will be a vote. over there. abiding citizenry, as it is about mili- Knowing that the Senator from Ari- The next dot is a surprising dot. It is tary action, at least from my stand- zona usually does not speak for long essentially a void. Unlike many Mem- point. periods of time, it will probably be bers of this Chamber—and I will cite Most importantly, this resolution closer to 1:30. There will be a vote on one who just a few moments ago gave makes clear that if the United Nations the Graham amendment, the pending a speech in which he implied the Presi- fails to ensure full compliance with amendment. dent of the United States today has the international law, we will not sit quiet- Mr. MCCAIN. Madam President, I authority to take on international ter- ly and let this tinhorn dictator ignore suggest the absence of a quorum. rorists who meet these requirements: the rule of law. At the same time, we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Access to weapons of mass destruction, will be sending the message to other clerk will call the roll. hatred of the United States, and a sig- tinhorn dictators around the world The assistant legislative clerk pro- nificant presence inside the United that they had better not violate the ceeded to call the roll. States of America. The answer is, no, international rules of law. Mr. GRAHAM. Madam President, I the President today does not have such The terrorist attacks on September ask unanimous consent that the order authority. In my judgment, the Con- 11, 2001, dispelled notions of America’s for the quorum call be rescinded. gress should grant this authority and invincibility, it placed greater de- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without do so concurrent with the granting to mands on our Government to protect objection, it is so ordered. the President his power to use force in and defend American citizens, and it Mr. GRAHAM. Madam President, I Iraq, because it is that act of giving put more demand on American citizens rise in support of an amendment which the authority to commence war in Iraq themselves to look out for their own I have offered which will increase the that is going to raise the risk of those safety, as a Jerusalem-type terrorist authority of the President of the terrorists among us attacking. bombing could happen in New York United States to use force to protect Those are the dots I see. That is the City or Washington, DC, as much as it the people of the United States. sequence I think the dots lead us to. happens in Jerusalem. This amendment will designate a set There is one thing we agree upon, My resolve is stronger than ever to of international terrorist organizations and that is that Saddam Hussein is an win the war on terrorism, protect U.S. for whom the President does not now evil man. He is a tyrant. He has used

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.042 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10157 chemical and biological weapons on his United States—and Saddam Hussein is Post, which talks about the possibility own people. He has disregarded United clearly among those challenges—we of counterattacks in the United States Nations resolutions calling for inspec- must ask: What is our greatest respon- after a war commences in Iraq. tions of his capabilities and research sibility? In my opinion, the answer is The first prong of our defense here in and development programs. His forces easy: Securing the peace and safety of the homeland, which is to root out the regularly fire on American and British the homeland or our great Nation. terrorists among us—both because of jet pilots enforcing the no-fly zones in And what is the most urgent threat the instability of the days through the north and south of his country. to our peace and security? In my judg- which we are and will be living and our And he has the potential to develop ment, it is that shadowy group of lack of preparation through the quality and deploy nuclear weapons, a poten- international terrorists who have the of intelligence we need—is not a shield tial that we need to monitor closely. capabilities, the materials, conven- that should give us great hope. Saddam Hussein lives in a tough tional and weapons of mass destruc- Thus, the importance of a second neighborhood. It is a neighborhood in tion, the trained core of zealots united strategy for disrupting and decapi- which the United States has a number by their hatred for the United States, tating the enemy among us—attacking of commitments and threats. The un- and the placement of many of those them at their source, just as we have derlying resolution suggests Saddam bombthrowers so they are sleeping done with such devastating effective- Hussein is the ultimate bully, the among us, waiting for the order to as- ness against al-Qaida in Afghanistan. baddest dog in this rough neighbor- sault. One of the reasons the anticipated sec- hood, and that taking him out now and For the better part of 2 years, 19 of ond, third, and fourth wave of terrorist for good is in the Nation’s highest pri- those killers took silent refuge in the acts have not occurred since September ority. sanctuary of the United States, silent 11 is the military assault we began on I respectfully disagree. And in so dis- refuge until they struck us on Sep- October 7, 2001, has largely dismantled agreeing, I am, or at least I was, joined tember 11. Three thousand twenty-five the command-and-control operations of by the President of the United States innocent lives later, we have learned al-Qaida, making it more difficult for and the Secretary of Defense. the bitter lesson of the power of those them to support and provide financing Less than 13 months ago, 9 days after who live dual lives in our communities. and logistics to their large number of the terrorist attack of September 11, To the outside they were appearing to operatives in the United States. the President declared our top national be unexceptional, while they were pre- I believe we need to adopt a similar priority to be a war on terrorism. This pared to do the most unimaginable strategy of disruption and dismantle- is what he said: evil. Those who committed mass mur- ment. What is it going to take to do Our war on terror begins with al-Qaida but der left behind a much larger number so? First, it is going to require the it does not end there. It will not end until of terrorists, continuing their dual ex- President of the United States have the every terrorist group of global reach has istence of duplicity. authority to use that necessary force been found, stopped and defeated. How many of these are there, Mr. to dismantle, as he said in his State of In his State of the Union speech on President? What are the skills they the Union speech, the terrorist camps, January 29 of this year, President Bush possess? What are their plans and in- terrorist plans, and the command-and- restated our priority: tentions? Why are they so driven by control centers of these organizations. Our nation will continue to be steadfast hatred? The answer is we know only Here we come to a point of widespread and patient and persistent in the pursuit of dimly. confusion, and that is the President al- two great objectives. First, we will shut Unfortunately, our ability to tear ready has this authority. down terrorist camps, disrupt terrorist out these weeds from our home garden On Sunday afternoon, a prominent plans, and bring terrorists to justice. And, is limited because the attention we foreign policy spokesman appeared im- second, we must prevent the terrorists and have paid to understanding this enemy mediately after Senator SHELBY and regimes who seek chemical, biological or nu- next door has been grossly inadequate. myself on a talk show and, in passing clear weapons from threatening the United The Inspector General at the Depart- States and the world. in the hallway, she said, ‘‘I support the ment of Justice issued a report just That is what the President said on position that you have taken that we last month, in September. That report need to go after these international January 29. concluded: Just Monday of this week, on the an- terrorists, but doesn’t the President al- The Federal Bureau of Investigation serves ready have the authority to do so?’’ I niversary of the commencement of the as the Federal Government’s principal agen- war in Afghanistan, Secretary of De- quickly explained that the answer was cy for responding to and investigating ter- no. I think she was stunned at the vul- fense Donald Rumsfeld recommitted rorism. himself to the war on terrorism. The nerability we have and by the limited But the IG report went on: authority the President has. Secretary repeated the statement he The FBI has never performed a comprehen- had made one year earlier: Our colleague, the Senator from sive, written assessment of the risk of a ter- Texas, today in her remarks implied rorist threat facing the United States. Our objective is to defeat those who use she thought the President of the terrorism and those who house or support So we arm for battle with a shield of terrorists. The campaign will be broad, sus- United States had the authority to at- ignorance at home. Unfortunately, one tack international terrorism broader tained, and we will use every element of of the realities of the startup of the American power. than those who are directly linked to proposed Department of Homeland Se- the events of September 11. The Secretary of Defense proceeded curity is that, for at least a transition to say: If I might say, the very language of period, Americans will be even more the resolution we are considering today Today, Afghanistan is no longer a safe vulnerable in the homeland. Agencies haven for terrorists, but there is no question carries the same inference. such as the Coast Guard, Border Pa- The language of the resolution states that free nations are still under threat. trol, Immigration Service, which will Thousands of terrorists remain at large in that: play a key role in protecting our pe- dozens of countries. They’re seeking weapons Acting pursuant to this resolution is con- of mass destruction that would allow them rimeter defenses, will be distracted as sistent with the United States and other to kill not only thousands but tens of thou- organizational relationships of decades countries continuing to take the necessary sands of innocent people. Our objective in or more are reshuffled. And a final in- actions against international terrorists and the global war on terror is to prevent an- creased vulnerability is the likelihood terrorist organizations, including those who other September 11th, or an attack that is that, if war starts and intensifies in planned, authorized, committed, or aided in far worse, before it happens. Iraq, this very conflict thousands of the terrorist attack that occurred on Sep- The war on terrorism did not begin in miles away could spark a wake-up call tember 11. Afghanistan. For us, it began in the to action from the sanctuaries of the The fact is the only group the Presi- United States of America on Sep- Middle East and Central Asia to the dent has authority to use force against tember 11th, 2001. It began and it con- sleepers in your hometown. is those who planned, authorized, com- tinues in our homeland. As we assess Mr. President, I refer you to the mitted, or aided in the terrorist attack the many challenges faced by the front-page story in today’s Washington that occurred on September 11. The

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.046 S09PT1 S10158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 President specifically was denied the Who is the A team? The A team is My amendment says that those five authority to take on the other ter- Hezbollah, ‘‘the party of God.’’ groups should also be brought within rorist groups who, in my judgment, Hezbollah was formed in 1982 in re- the ambit of evil that the President of represent the greatest threat inside the sponse to the Israeli invasion of Leb- the United States should be entitled to American homeland today. anon. This organization, which is based use force against to protect the secu- Let me just give a little bit of his- primarily in Lebanon and Syria and fi- rity of the people of the United States tory. On September 12, President Bush nanced from Iran, is a radical Shi’a of America. requested robust authority to launch a group which takes its ideological inspi- What strategy should be used against full-scale war on terror. He sent to the ration from the Iranian revolutions the designated international terrorist Congress a proposed resolution which and teachings of Ayatollah Khomeni. groups? The decision will be left to the stated: Hezbollah formally advocates the ul- President. The Congress invested its The President is authorized to use all nec- timate establishment of Islamic rule in confidence in the judgment of the essary and appropriate force against those Lebanon and liberating all occupied President on September 18 of last year nations, organizations, or persons he deter- Arab lands, including Jerusalem. It has when it gave him the power to use mines planned, authorized, harbored, com- expressed as a goal the elimination of force against the Taliban and al-Qaida. mitted, or aided in the planning or commis- Israel. Although closely allied with and If the underlying resolution is adopted, sion of the attacks against the United States closely directed by Iran, the group may he will have the authority to use force on September 11, 2001, and to deter and pre- have conducted operations that were against Iraq. empt any future acts of terrorism or aggres- This amendment will give the Presi- sion against the United States. even beyond those approved by the Government of Iran. dent the next stage of powers which he That is what the President asked for While Hezbollah does not share the will be required to have in order to on September 12, 2001. But Congress de- Syrian regime’s secular orientation, wage war on terror and to do so to a murred. They only granted the Presi- the group has been a strong tactical successful conclusion. The President dent the power to use necessary force ally in helping Syria advance its polit- would have the authority and the sub- related to those nations or organiza- ical objectives in the region. sequent accountability to use these tions and persons which were deter- What are some of the activities of three authorities in whatever sequence mined to be connected to the tragedy Hezbollah? It is known or suspect to and with whatever impact he deems to of September 11. Al-Qaida was not only have been involved in numerous anti- be in our national interest. our bull’s-eye, it was the totality of U.S. terrorist attacks, including the In this stage on the war on terror, the target. Two days after the Congress suicide truck bombing of the U.S. Em- the President has already fashioned a gave the President this limited author- bassy in Beirut in April of 1983; the war plan: To take out the training ity, President Bush, on September 20, U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut in Octo- camps, the incubators from which in expanded the scope of the war: ber 1983; the U.S. Embassy annex in the 1990s thousands of youth were given In a joint session of Congress, our war on Beirut in September of 1984; three the skills and the determination to be terror begins with al-Qaida, but it does not members of Hezbollah are on the FBI’s hardened assassins; to attack the ter- end there. It will not end until every ter- list of the 22 most wanted terrorists for rorists’ plans, to disrupt and dis- rorist group of global reach has been found, the hijacking of TWA flight 847 during mantle. stopped, and defeated. which a U.S. Navy diver was murdered; Many of these operations, and par- From that point until today, Mr. elements of the group are responsible ticularly the training camps, are flour- President, the stated mission of the for the kidnaping and detention of U.S. ishing today in the orbit of Iran. We United States in the war on terror has and Western hostages. should empower the President to take fallen well beyond the authority we The group also attacked the Israeli those acts that are going to be nec- have given to the President of the Embassy in Argentina in 1992 and is essary to protect the security of the United States to deliver on that mis- suspect in the 1994 bombing of the United States. sion. Israeli Cultural Center in Buenos Director Freeh, in his remarks yes- The President continues: Aires, and the Senator from Texas terday, spoke of the need for a full ar- . . . to be limited to those nations, organi- stated, in her judgment, they were also senal of weapons to triumph over ter- zations, and persons who can be indicted as responsible for Khobar Towers. rorists. Director Freeh said: conspirators and participants in September This group receives a substantial We must recognize the limitations inher- 11. amount of financial, training, weapons, ent in a law enforcement response. As we see This limited authority to use force explosives, diplomatic, and organiza- at this very moment in history, others, to in- has made it possible for America and tional aid from Iran and receives diplo- clude Congress, must decide if our national our allies to crush the Taliban and se- matic, political, and logistical support will dictates a fuller response. verely cripple al-Qaida. The amend- from Syria. Hezbollah has a significant I am not prepared to say the only re- ment I offer would extend that power presence of its trained merchants of sponse I want against these five organi- to the President to use necessary force death placed in the United States of zations that have access to weapons of through the next still vigorous and vio- America. mass destruction, that have a history lent band of terrorists. Mr. President, you will note that sev- of killing Americans and have a capa- Against whom would the President eral of these organizations gravitate bility to do so here at home because of by this amendment be given power to around one axis of evil: Iran. And not a significant presence of their use force? The State Department has surprisingly. operatives among us, that we are going identified 34 international terrorist or- Yesterday, October 8, former FBI Di- to tell the President of the United ganizations, approximately two-thirds rector Louis Freeh testified before the States that he does not have the au- of which are in the region of the Middle joint inquiry on the attacks of Sep- thority to attack with force these ter- East and central Asia. They list five, in tember 11 which are being conducted rorists groups where they live and to addition to al-Qaida, that have these by the House and Senate Intelligence disband and dismantle their capability characteristics: They currently receive Committee. Mr. Freeh cited the con- of continuing to provide support to support from a state that possesses clusions of the National Commission their agents in the United States. weapons of mass destruction; they have on Terrorism that: I believe our national will and our a history of hating and killing Ameri- Iran remains the most active state sup- obligation to the security of the Amer- cans; and they have the ability today porter of terrorism. The Iranian Revolu- ican people, especially their security to strike within the United States of tionary Guard Corps and the Ministry of In- on our native soil, demand a fuller re- America. telligence and Security have continued to be sponse to meet this fuller challenge. Who are these groups? I will name involved in the planning and execution of I conclude by saying that I am not them and then talk about the A team: terrorist acts. They also provide funding, optimistic about the prospects for this training, weapons, logistical resources, and The Abu Nidal organization, Hamas, guidance to a variety of terrorist groups, in- amendment, but I am deeply con- the Islamic Resistance Movement, the cluding the Lebanese Hezbollah, Hamas, the cerned, and I am deeply saddened. I am Palestine Islamic Jihad, and the Pal- Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and the Popular concerned in part because I see us mak- estine Liberation Front. Front for the Liberation of Palestine. ing life-and-death decisions without

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.049 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10159 consideration because we do not have ered in the immediate aftermath of the rorists are at war with the United access to what might be critical, and I attacks against us on September 11 States so there are times when the best would suggest determinative, informa- when the initial resolution in which defense we can give is not to build a tion. I believe the national security in- the President sought to have authority case in court but to take military ac- terests are being put at risk by this in- to take action against terrorists gen- tion to stop the terrorists from strik- formation not being available. erally—not just those who had planned, ing before they ever do. I am saddened because I fear the ac- authorized, committed, or aided ter- So while I appreciate and support the tion we are going to take will increase rorist attacks that occurred on Sep- concerns of the Senator from Florida, the risk at home without increasing tember 11 of last year—was rejected or my own conclusion is that they would our capability to respond to that risk. was opposed by a large number of Mem- do some damage to the broad support I have been described as a cautious bers of the Senate, including particu- that otherwise will come together for man. I will accept that label. I do not larly those on the Democratic side, and the resolution that we have introduced see the world as a simple set of blacks in that sense the amendment offered by that deals with the immediate problem and whites. I see the world as a com- the Senator from Florida may well re- of Saddam Hussein, and that in the end plex of grays. That leads to caution. I open concerns expressed by many Sen- it is not necessary because the Presi- believe that caution today is to recog- ate Democrats about granting too dent, as Commander in Chief, has the nize that we are not dealing with one much authority to the President at inherent authority, under the Con- evil, as evil as Saddam Hussein might this point. stitution and the laws of the United be. We are dealing with a veritable Let me get to the essence of what is States, to take exactly the action that army of evils. said. Clearly, I agree with what the the Senator’s amendment would spe- We must be prepared to respond to Senator has said, and I agree whole- cifically authorize him to do. that army of evils. I believe the step we heartedly with his description of the I yield the floor. can take today is to give to the Presi- terrorist groups he has cited, specifi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dent of the United States the oppor- cally five in number, and the extent to ator from Virginia. tunity to exercise his judgment as to which they represent a threat to the Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I asso- whether he believes it would be appro- areas in which they operate, as well as ciate myself with the remarks of our priate to use U.S. force against these the American people. distinguished colleague from Con- five international terrorist groups I respectfully disagree with him that necticut and therefore I will not elabo- which represent, in my judgment, the the President of the United States rate given the shortage of time. most serious urgent threat to the in- would not be authorized, without this I say to my colleague from Florida, I terests of the United States of Amer- action, to take action against any of am very impressed by his statement ica, including a threat to Americans at these groups—the Abu Nidal organiza- today. I think there is merit to be tion, Hamas, Hezbollah, Palestine Is- home. found. I draw the Senator’s attention lamic Jihad, Palestinian Liberation I urge the adoption of this amend- to Public Law 107–40. As the Senator Front—if the President, as Commander ment. recalls, that is the amendment that the in Chief, concluded that any one of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Congress adopted on September 14, those groups or its members posed a ator from Connecticut. 2001, and that dealt with the authoriza- Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I threat to the security of the American people or any group of Americans. It tion for use of military force against thank my colleague from Florida for seems to me that is inherent in the au- those responsible for the recent at- the thoughtful statement he has made. thority given to the President, as Com- tacks against the United States. I agree with so much he has said, cer- mander in Chief, under article II, sec- It seems to me that particular stat- tainly about the threats that are rep- tion 2 of the Constitution, followed by ute and that body of law is the place resented by the terrorist groups cited other descriptions of the authority where an amendment like that of the in his amendment, but I want to ex- that the President has in that regard, Senator from Florida should be placed, plain why I have reluctance about the and not just the general constitutional and I say that with all due respect. amendment. It is for reasons that are authority but the specific acts of this My further added observation is that both procedural and substantive. Congress that have dealt with ter- our Secretary of State is now busily The resolution offered by Senator rorism and have established a engaged at the United Nations with re- MCCAIN, Senator WARNER, Senator counterterrorism center at the Central gard to the possible framework of a BAYH, myself, and others—including Intelligence Agency, counterterrorism possible 17th resolution. The draft the occupant of the Chair, the Senator programs in the FBI, counterterrorism amendments before the Senate and the from Georgia—is the result of a de- activities in the Department of Defense House of Representatives are indeed tailed, open, and sincere process of ne- and the Department of State, all of the subject of those discussions. gotiation between Members of both them funded by Congress. At this time, to broaden that base Chambers, both parties, and the White Implicit in that is not that the could well in some respects jeopardize House. money was funded just to study or in- the efforts on behalf of the United This is not to say it is a perfect docu- vestigate but that there is a presump- States and others to craft a tough reso- ment, but in responding to the threat tion that if all of those programs lution directed clearly at the weapons to our national security posed by Iraq produce evidence that any one of those of mass destruction, Saddam Hussein, under the leadership of Saddam Hus- groups is seeking to do damage to any and those surrounding his regime. sein, it represents our best effort to one of the American people or group of I yield the floor. find common ground to dispatch our Americans, then the President is au- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- constitutional responsibility and to thorized implicitly, inherently, in his ator from Florida. provide an opportunity for the broadest authority as Commander in Chief to Mr. GRAHAM. I will reserve a few bipartisan group of Senators to come take action against them. In fact, as moments to close when others who together and express their support of has been testified to publicly, the Spe- wish to speak on this motion to table action to enforce the United Nations cial Operations Forces of our military, have completed their remarks. resolutions that Saddam Hussein has an extraordinary group we are fortu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- constantly violated, and in so doing en- nate to have in our service, has been ator from Arizona. dangered his neighbors, his people and, working on programs together with the Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I inform of course, the rest of the world, includ- intelligence community and various my friend from Florida, under the nor- ing us. We have a well-worked-over and nations around the world to watch— mal procedures, as soon as I made a finely calibrated document. using the term ‘‘watch’’ in the broadest motion to table, the vote would begin. In his amendment, the Senator from sense of the term—and be prepared to But if the Senator from Florida would Florida has opened new territory, and I take specific action, not just court ac- like for me to ask unanimous consent am reluctant to see that added to this tion. for him to speak up to how many min- resolution, all the more so since the After September 11, we have made a utes he would like to before the vote, I new territory he opens up was consid- transition to understanding that ter- would be pleased to propound that.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.051 S09PT1 S10160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Does the Senator from Connecticut an intelligence standpoint, perhaps the also made clear the administration’s want to speak again? most difficult times. And I am grateful desire that both Houses of Congress Mr. LIEBERMAN. I ask for an addi- we have a man of his caliber in a lead- pass identical resolutions to send a tional 2 minutes. ership role. He is an eloquent and message to the world that we are Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I ask thoughtful spokesman on these issues. united in our resolve to confront Sad- unanimous consent that the Senator I agree that ultimately the war on dam Hussein and to send a message to from Connecticut be permitted to terrorism will not be won until we have Iraq that we are serious about doing so. speak for 2 minutes without my losing ended these groups’ murderous activi- The administration opposes the my right to the floor. ties and held them accountable for Graham amendment on procedural The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without killing American citizens. grounds. The President has requested objection, it is so ordered. However, I must oppose the amend- congressional authorization to use all The Senator from Connecticut. ment because it provides our Com- means necessary to protect American Mr. LIEBERMAN. From the text of mander in Chief with authority he has national security against the threat the resolution we have submitted in not requested. It is highly unusual for posed by Iraq. For this body to section 4(b) after our authorization, we Congress to provide the President the supercede the President’s request by require, as soon as feasible, but not authority to use military force to de- identifying other threats to American later than 48 hours after exercising fend American security against a par- national security—I could come up such authority—that is, directly de- ticular threat when the President him- with a long list of such threats my- ploying forces of the United States— self has not requested such authority. self—would send a confused message to that the President has to make avail- For the President to determine that the American people and the world as able to the Congress his determination the terrorist organizations listed in the we come together to end the threat that—and there are two sections he has Senator’s amendment posed an immi- posed by Saddam Hussein’s regime. to report. The material section is this: nent danger to the United States, and Some have argued that the Presi- The President has to declare to Con- if the President requested congres- dent’s determination to hold Iraq to gress that pursuant to this resolution— sional authorization to use military account would undermine the global which is to say deploying forces for the force to deal with that danger, I don’t war against al Qaeda. I believe this is a purpose of enforcing U.N. resolutions doubt Congress would have full consid- false argument, for as the president has against Iraq in protecting the national eration or debate to provide that au- said, Iraq and al Qaeda are two faces of security of the American people thority. the same evil. The Graham amendment against Iraq—is consistent with the It does seem unusual in a time of would expand our global campaign to United States and other countries con- war, and in response to the President’s target not just al Qaeda but several of tinuing to take the necessary actions request for congressional authorization the most sophisticated terrorist orga- against international terrorist and ter- to confront a threat he has identified nizations on earth. I would assume that rorist organizations, including those as imminent, for Congress to identify anyone who worries about diversions nations, organizations, or persons who and grant the President the authority from the war on terrorism would vote planned, authorized, committed, or to use military force to confront a dif- against expanding that war at this aided terrorists in the attacks that oc- ferent enemy. time. curred on September 11, 2001. The Graham amendment would in- I want to stress, however, that ulti- I stress that this is not limited to crease beyond what was requested by mately the war on terrorism will not those terrorists who acted against us the administration the scope of author- be won until we have dealt with the on September 11. ity provided to the President. Includ- threat posed by terrorist groups with I see in this further support for the ing these groups in the resolution, un- global reach such as Hezbollah. end goal, which the Senator from Flor- fortunately, muddies the strong mes- Hezbollah and other organizations list- ida has, which is to make sure the war sage the United States must send to ed in the Graham amendment have against Iraq does not deter our war the United Nations Security Council killed Americans and deserve no quar- against terrorism and not just against and the world that we are intent on ter. They ultimately represent a grave al-Qaida but against any terrorist dealing with the threat posed by Iraq. threat to America—a threat that will group that threatens the people of the The President wants a strong state- not diminish until we have dismantled United States, including the five the ment authorizing the use of force these organizations and held them ac- Senator from Florida enumerated. against Iraq. He understands the value countable for murdering Americans. I yield the floor. of an overwhelming congressional vote The pending resolution is not the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to American diplomacy and to dem- proper vehicle for this debate. I look ator from Arizona. onstrating American seriousness to the forward to working with the Senator Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I ask world. from Florida to address the threat unanimous consent that following my The pending resolution represents a posed by Hezbollah and the other ter- remarks and making the motion to carefully crafted, bipartisan, bicameral rorist organizations he has listed. table the Graham amendment, Senator agreement on providing the President I urge my colleagues to support the GRAHAM be recognized for up to 10 min- with the authority to use force against request of our Commander in Chief by utes, and immediately following that, Iraq. This amendment is the product of tabling the Graham amendment. the vote occur on my motion to table. negotiations between the Speaker of I ask unanimous consent to have The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the House, Congressman GEPHARDT, the printed in the RECORD a letter from the objection, it is so ordered. Democrat leader, and the White House. White House. Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I com- It was carefully crafted. We inten- There being no objection, the mate- mend the Senator from Florida for his tionally introduced the exact same lan- rial was ordered to be printed in the thoughtful statement about the threat guage so that when the other body RECORD, as follows: of terrorist organizations of global passes it and we pass it, it will be the THE WHITE HOUSE, reach posed to American national secu- exact same message. Modifying that Washington, October 9, 2002. rity. The Senator from Florida has de- agreement could reopen issues that Hon. JOHN MCCAIN, voted much of his time and profes- otherwise have been resolved and U.S. Senate, sional energies to investigating the would unnecessarily slow down consid- Washington, DC. terrorist threat in great detail as eration of a resolution that the Presi- DEAR SENATOR MCCAIN: Thank you for ask- chairman of the Senate Intelligence dent has requested and made clear is ing the Administration’s position on the Committee. an urgent priority for his administra- Graham amendment to the Iraq Resolution. Again, I thank the Senator for the The Administration opposes it. tion. The Lieberman-Warner-Bayh-McCain superb job he has done as chairman of Yesterday, when asked about the amendment represents a carefully crafted bi- the Intelligence Committee in probably amendment, Secretary Powell stated partisan, bicameral agreement on providing the most trying times this country has that Congress should focus in on the the President with use-of-force authority experienced since World War II—from threat posed by Iraq. The Secretary against Iraq. The Graham amendment would

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:57 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.054 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10161 increase—beyond what was requested by the ists—our first priority. And do you to give the President authority to use Administration—the scope of authority pro- know what the first priority of the force against groups such as Hezbollah, vided to the President, and introduce addi- first priority was? The training camps. what do you think we ought to do? Or tional elements to the resolution. Modifying Why did he say that? Because those do you disagree with the premise that the agreement now, as the Graham amendment would, could reopen issues otherwise who were responsible said if there was we are going to be increasing the resolved and unnecessarily slow consider- one major mistake we made in the threat level inside the United States? ation of this important resolution. 1990s, it was allowing al-Qaida training If you disagree with that premise, Sincerely, camps to be a sanctuary where every what is the basis upon which your dis- NICHOLAS E. CALIO, year thousands and thousands of young agreement is predicated? If you reject Assistant to the President people were converted into hardened that, and believe that the American for Legislative Affairs. assassins. people are not going to be at additional Mr. MCCAIN. I say to my friend from If that is the criticism we are going threat, then, frankly, my friends—to Florida that the administration’s mes- to have, because in the 1990s we al- use the term—blood is going to be on sage is very clear that they do not dis- lowed that to go on month after month your hands. I think we are going to be agree with his assessment of the and year after year, what is going to be at substantially greater threat. threat. He is held in the highest regard our excuse today when similar training I think there are some things we by all who have observed his distin- camps are in operation in Iran, Syria, ought to be doing now. We certainly guished work as chairman of the Intel- and Syrian-controlled areas of Leb- should be escalating the FBI intelligence Committee. anon? And we are not going to give the ligence and other efforts to root out I thank my friend from Florida for President of the United States the au- the terrorists who are among us. But his contributions. I know that in the thority to use force against those we also ought to be attacking the ter- days ahead he and I will be joining to- camps? It is inconceivable to me. The rorists where they live because it is on gether with other Members of this body very fact that the President, recog- the offensive—not the defensive—in my in addressing the serious threats to nizing this, has not acted against those judgment, that we are going to eventu- American national security which he camps is, in my judgment, the strong- ally win this war on terror. has so eloquently described in his est verification that he doesn’t think My friends, as I said, I am not opti- statement. he has the authority to do so. mistic about the adoption of this. I rec- I yield the floor. I believe it is not in our national in- ognize there are backroom deals made. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- terest to leave this question ambig- This is what people have come together ator from Florida. uous. We want to deter groups such as on and locked down on, and say: We are Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, I ap- Hezbollah from continuing to aid, or to locking down on the principle that we preciate the thoughtful remarks of the provide aid, comfort, and support to have one evil, Saddam Hussein. He is Senator from Connecticut and the Sen- their operatives who are placed in the an enormous, gargantuan force, and ator from Arizona. The Senator from United States. Until we reach the point that is whom we are going to go after. Arizona concluded with the hope that that we can domestically, through law That, frankly, is an erroneous read- we may soon be working together on enforcement means and domestic intel- ing of the world. There are many evils expanding our efforts to reach those ligence, locate and eradicate those out there, a number of which are sub- who threaten us here at home. I only operatives who are in this country, we stantially more competent, particu- hope we will not have another 3,025 must pursue as aggressively as possible larly in their ability to attack Ameri- Americans unnecessarily exposed to to cut off their support system. cans here at home, than Iraq is likely the risks that I see if we do not supple- I cannot believe we are saying we are to be in the foreseeable future. ment this resolution with the imme- not prepared today to make an unam- But we are going to say we are going diate authority of the President to use biguous decision. We don’t want to to ignore those and we are going to force against those organizations have the Hezbollah going to their law- allow them to continue to fester among which have access to weapons of mass yers and asking the question, What is us. I do not wish to be part of that deci- destruction, which have killed Ameri- the legislative interpretation of what sion. I am concerned by those who see cans, and which have substantial num- Congress did on September 18, 2001? only one evil, who believe we must all bers of operatives inside the United Does it put us under the gun? I don’t commit ourselves to the arrangement States of America at this hour. I invite want them to have that in their mind. that has been made by a few who have anybody to say Iraq doesn’t meet those I want them to know, with the clearest that view of the world. I urge my col- standards. method we can write in English and leagues to open there eyes to the much We are not talking about a threat 90 that can be interpreted in all the lan- larger array of lethal, more violent days from now. We are not talking guages these people speak, that we foes who are prepared today to assault about a threat that may come a year mean they are under the gun, and they us here at home. from now if nuclear material is made are under the gun now. I said in my closing remarks that I available. I am talking about a threat There has been a lot of discussion was concerned and saddened. I am sad- that can happen this afternoon. about urgency. Why do we need to do dened because I know my colleagues Let us trace the history of what Con- things now? Why can’t we wait for 60 would not knowingly place U.S. lives in gress did. The President asked for this days? unnecessary peril. I am as sure as I authority on September 12, 2001. We de- Let me tell you why we cannot afford have ever been of anything in my life, nied it. to wait. We are taking an action by au- the peril here in America caused by the When I was in law school, one read thorizing the President to take action action we are about to take could be the legislative history to try to arrive against Saddam Hussein. I will stand substantially reduced by giving to the at legislative intent. It seems to me, first in line to say he is an evil person. President of the United States the ad- just as a first-year-law legislative in- But we, by taking that action, accord- ditional powers to send the strongest terpretation, that probably doesn’t ing to our own intelligence reports— possible message, and, if necessary, the mean giving the President authority and, friends, I encourage you to read force to eradicate those who are evil beyond that which is specifically pro- the classified intelligence reports and who have placed evildoers among vided. Therefore, the President of the which are much sharper than what is us, and who are prepared to awaken United States, in my judgment, does available in declassified form—we are those evildoers to attack. The responsi- not have the authority today to use going to be increasing the threat level bility is ours. force against Hezbollah or these other against the people of the United Thank you, Mr. President. groups. States. I think we have a moral and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- But even beyond the legal limits, let legal obligation to at the same time be ator from Arizona. us talk about the pragmatics. The taking what reasonable steps we can to Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I move President of the United States in his confront that increased vulnerability. to table the—— State of the Union Address on January If you do not like what I am sug- Mr. REID. Will the Senator yield for 29 said our first priority was terror- gesting, if you do not think we ought a question, first?

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.011 S09PT1 S10162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Mr. MCCAIN. I am glad to yield to tion, assuming we get cloture tomor- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the Senator from Nevada. row—the cloture vote will be cast on ator from West Virginia has the floor. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I have the the resolution tomorrow—it would be Mr. REID. Mr. President, may I ask greatest respect for the Senator from my intent to stay in for the full 30 the Senator from West Virginia if he Florida, but the Senator from Arizona hours, or whatever period of time will be kind enough to allow me to re- and I came to the Congress together. would be required to complete our spond to the distinguished Senator And I hope that my friend from Florida work on the resolution. from South Carolina, as the name of was not implying the Senator from Ar- I said at the beginning of the week, it my friend, Senator LEAHY, was men- izona was involved in any backroom would be my determination to finish tioned on several occasions. deals because I have never known the our debate on this resolution before the Senator from Arizona to be involved in end of the week and that is still my de- Mr. BYRD. How much time does the any backroom deals. termination. So if cloture is achieved, Senator need? Mr. MCCAIN. I have been singularly we would go for whatever length of Mr. REID. A few minutes; 6 or 7 min- unsuccessful in orchestrating any time to accommodate Senators who utes at most. backroom deals in the years I have wish to be heard under the rules of clo- Mr. BYRD. Not to exceed 7 minutes. served here, I say to my friend from ture. Nevada. And I thank him. We would expect, therefore, a vote on I make that request. Mr. President, I move to table the final passage on the resolution prior to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without pending Graham amendment and ask the time we leave this week. I yield the objection, it is so ordered. for the yeas and nays. floor. Mr. REID. Mr. President, we under- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- stand that Senator THURMOND is dis- sufficient second? ator from West Virginia. appointed that the Judiciary Com- There appears to be a sufficient sec- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, shortly I mittee was not able to proceed on ond. will yield to my distinguished senior The question occurs on agreeing to Judge Dennis Shedd’s nomination at colleague, Mr. THURMOND, for not to ex- its meeting this week. We all have the motion to table Graham amend- ceed—what time does he want? great respect for Senator THURMOND ment No. 4857. Mr. NICKLES. Five minutes. and I know that the committee is The clerk will call the roll. Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unan- working toward a committee vote on The legislative clerk called the roll. imous consent that I may yield to my the Shedd nomination. Mr. REID. I announce that the Sen- senior colleague, Mr. THURMOND, for ator from Louisiana (Ms. LANDRIEU) is not to exceed 5 minutes, without losing The Judiciary Committee has contin- necessarily absent. my right to the floor. ued to receive opposition from South Mr. NICKLES. I announce that the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Carolina and from African American Senator from Nevada (Mr. ENSIGN) is objection, it is so ordered. and other civil rights organizations necessarily absent. f and leaders from around the country to The result was announced—yeas 88, the Shedd nomination. Senators are nays 10, as follows: NOMINATION OF JUDGE DENNIS taking those concerns seriously and [Rollcall Vote No. 231 Leg.] SHEDD being thoughtful and deliberate in YEAS—88 Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I reaching their own conclusions. Akaka Edwards McConnell rise today to express my outrage at Over the past weeks, the com- Allard Enzi Mikulski yesterday’s proceedings in the Judici- mittee—led by Chairman LEAHY who Allen Feingold Miller ary Committee. In an unprecedented Bayh Feinstein Murkowski has done such an outstanding job—has move, Chairman LEAHY violated com- Bennett Fitzgerald Murray received hundreds of letters from indi- Biden Frist mittee rules and removed the nomina- Nelson (NE) viduals and organizations, both in and Bingaman Gramm Nickles tion of Judge Dennis Shedd from the Bond Grassley Reed out of South Carolina, expressing con- Boxer Gregg agenda. On a procedural vote, the com- Reid cerns about elevating Judge Shedd, and Brownback Hagel mittee refused to consider Judge Roberts these letters raise serious issues. Many Bunning Harkin Shedd’s nomination. Burns Hatch Santorum of these letters have arrived in just the I am hurt and disappointed by this Campbell Helms Sarbanes last week or so. The committee has Schumer egregious act of destructive politics. Cantwell Hollings just received a letter from the Mexican Carnahan Hutchinson Sessions Chairman LEAHY assured me on numer- Shelby American Legal Defense and Edu- Carper Hutchison ous occasions that Judge Shedd would Chafee Inhofe Smith (NH) cational Fund, citing the interests of be given a vote. I took him at his word. Cleland Inouye Smith (OR) the many Latinos living in the Fourth Clinton Jeffords Snowe Dennis Shedd is a fine judge who has Cochran Johnson Specter received a rating of well qualified by Circuit, and expressing opposition to Collins Kennedy Stabenow the American Bar Association. Presi- Judge Shedd. A letter arrived recently Conrad Kerry Stevens dent Bush nominated him to the from the Black Leadership Forum ask- Craig Kohl Thomas ing for more time to consider the nomi- Crapo Kyl Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals on Thompson nation. It was signed by a number of Daschle Leahy Thurmond May 9, 2001, but his hearing did not DeWine Levin Voinovich well respected African American lead- Dodd take place until June 27 of this year. Lieberman Warner ers, including the forum’s chairman, Domenici Lott Since that time, he has answered all Wellstone Dorgan Lugar Dr. Joseph Lowery, and over a dozen Wyden questions asked of him. Durbin McCain For over 17 months, I have waited pa- other nationally recognized figures. In recent weeks, State legislators from NAYS—10 tiently. On July 31, Chairman LEAHY Delaware, North Carolina, South Caro- Baucus Dayton Rockefeller stated publicly before the Judiciary Breaux Graham Torricelli Committee that we had reached a solu- lina, and Maryland, have written with Byrd Lincoln their misgivings about the elevation of Corzine Nelson (FL) tion regarding Judge Shedd that would be satisfactory. The chairman’s recent Judge Shedd. And hundreds, probably NOT VOTING—2 actions are not only unsatisfactory, thousands, of letters from South Caro- Ensign Landrieu but they are unacceptable. In my 48 lina citizens have been arriving that urge a closer look at Judge Shedd’s fit- The motion was agreed to. years in the Senate, I have never been The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. treated in such a manner. ness for this job. JOHNSON). The majority leader is recog- Mr. President, I hope this situation Senator LEAHY was correct in his nized. will be corrected and that Judge Shedd judgment that beginning the debate on Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I will soon be confirmed as a judge on the nomination of Judge Shedd on wanted to inform my colleagues, after the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Tuesday morning would not have re- consultation with the distinguished Several Senators addressed the sulted in a final vote, but might well Republican leader, that it is our inten- Chair. have prevented committee action on 17

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:57 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.060 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10163 other judicial nominees of this Presi- stand Senator LEAHY is doing an out- Shedd’s qualifications that are stand- dent. Indeed, as it was, Republicans al- standing job. And I and the rest of the ing in the way. Simply put, there is no most prevented those 17 judicial nomi- Democrat conference totally support good reason that Judge Shedd did not nations and six executive branch nomi- this good man, the Senator from get a vote at yesterday’s markup. nations from being reported before the Vermont. In accordance with the rules, I moved end of that business session. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to have a vote. The chairman ruled it Unfortunately, this partisan proce- ator from West Virginia has the floor. out of order. It was a 9-to-9 vote, not dural maneuvering obstructed the com- Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I ask the sustaining his position but basically mittee from reaching any items on the Senator from West Virginia to allow not allowing the vote. legislative agenda, even the simplest me 5 minutes to respond. The real reason Judge Shedd was not consensus items of significant impor- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unan- on the agenda was there are liberal spe- tance. Republican Senators even ob- imous consent that I may yield to the cial interest groups in this city that jected to granting consent to an distinguished Senator from Utah, Mr. seem to have lock-stock control over amendment of the American Legion HATCH, for not to exceed 5 minutes—I the Judiciary Committee. When I was charter. I understand that today Re- hope this will be the last request—not chairman, I never ceded control to any publicans boycotted a business meeting to exceed 5 minutes, and that I retain of these outside groups. In fact, I told of the Governmental Affairs Com- my right to the floor. them to get lost. I have to say I paid a mittee. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without big price for it, too. It is atrocious that I understand that at Senator THUR- objection, it is so ordered. ceding of control is happening now. MOND’s request, the Judiciary Com- Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I thank With regard to the Fourth Circuit mittee held a hearing fro Judge Shedd the Senator from West Virginia for his Court of Appeals and those nominees who has a lifetime appointment to the courtesy. I appreciate it. cited by the distinguished Senator District Court in south Carolina. Judge I listened to these remarks, and I am from Nevada, they did not have home Shedd’s hearing was the second for a outraged. I know they were not written State senatorial support. We cannot do nominee to the Fourth Circuit since by any staffer for Senator REID, and much about that when there is not the reorganization of the committee in they are not accurate. I think we have home State senatorial support, which the summer of 2001. had very disdainful treatment of one of has always been a courtesy that has In fact, no judge was confirmed to the most prestigious and important been extended. the fourth Circuit during the last 30 Senators in the history of this body. Think about it. Judge Shedd has been months of Republican majority control Let’s think about it. Yesterday, waiting for almost 18 months. Now all even though there were nominees of Chairman Leahy denied a vote on Den- of a sudden, at the last minute, we significant qualifications. Neither nis Shedd, President Bush’s nominee come up with all of these lame excuses Judge James Beaty, Judge Rich Leon- for the Fourth Circuit Court of Ap- to not give him a vote. All we were ard, Judge James Wynn, Judge Roger peals, the nominee from South Caro- asking for was a vote in accordance Gregory, Judge Andre Davis or Eliza- lina. This action was outrageous be- with the rules of the Senate—a vote in beth Gibson received a hearing or a cause yesterday may very well have the Judiciary Committee and then a vote from the Republican majority on been the last markup Senator THUR- vote on the floor—for a man who used their nominations to the Fourth Cir- MOND, the former chairman of the Judi- to be chief of staff of the Judiciary cuit. ciary Committee, who cares very deep- Committee, who was sponsored by one In contrast, the first nominee on ly about Judge Shedd’s nomination, which the Judiciary Committee held a of the most dignified and important was able to attend. hearing in July 2001 and the first con- Senators in the history of this body. The committee rules are very clear. Just one committee vote and a floor firmed after the change in majority They allow an agenda item held over was a Fourth Circuit nominee, Judge vote. from 1 week, which Judge Shedd was Gregory. If they want to vote him down, they held over, to be brought up on the next In addition, the Committee worked can do that, but Senator THURMOND de- hard to consider and report the nomi- agenda. He was held over on September served the benefit of the doubt. He de- nation of Judge Terry Wooten to be a 19 on that markup agenda by the served the privilege of having a vote on Federal district court judge in South Democrats. his nominee, especially since this Carolina at the request of Senator Yesterday, Chairman LEAHY, in vio- nominee has waited for almost 18 lation of committee rules, removed THURMOND. Judge Wooten’s nomination months. He was peppered with all kinds was not without controversy but with Judge Shedd from the agenda. This is of questions. He answered them. He did hard work and perseverance the com- not right. To my knowledge, that is everything he possibly could. He has a mittee was able to report that nomina- the first time that has ever happened. wonderful reputation. He had it when tion to the Senate and the Senate con- It may have happened before, but I do he was on the committee. What is firmed Judge Wooten last November. not remember it. more, every member of that committee The committee also expedited consid- What makes this even more unusual who sat when he was here knows it. eration of Strom Thurmond, Jr., to be and has our Members outraged is that Now this is wrong. It is wrong to the U.S. Attorney for south Carolina we operate in the Senate under a pre- treat a senior Senator like this. It is last fall, under tremendous pressure to sumption that a Senator’s word is as wrong to treat a distinguished Federal Senator LEAHY. good as gold. Chairman LEAHY assured district court judge like this. It is During the last 15 months, the Judi- several Republican Senators—our lead- wrong to break the rules. It is wrong to ciary Committee has held hearings on er, Senator THURMOND, Senator GRASS- break them with impunity. And I think over 100 judicial nominees, voted on 100 LEY, Senator BROWNBACK, and myself— it is wrong to treat the President’s and reported 98. The Senate has con- that Judge Shedd would get a vote. He nominees this way. firmed 80 to date with 18 more on the promised that to me, and all of these To make a long story short, virtually calendar, as we speak. That is more others. It is fair to say the entire Re- everything that was said yesterday and hearings for more nominees and more publican caucus expected a vote yester- even today was not very accurate. I votes on nominees and more confirma- day on Judge Shedd. would ask that this body reconsider, tions of more nominees than in the last There is no doubt about Judge that my friends on the other side—— 30 months in which Republicans con- Shedd’s qualifications. He has strong The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- trolled the Senate. bipartisan support. One of his most ar- ator has spoken for 5 minutes. The Judiciary Committee is doing a dent supporters from South Carolina is Mr. HATCH. I ask for 30 seconds good job of helping reduce the judicial none other than my dear friend and more, and I will finish. vacancies it inherited from the Repub- colleague, Senator FRITZ HOLLINGS. Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I yield an licans when they delayed and ob- The people of South Carolina support additional minute to the Senator, structed President Clinton’s nominees. him. The ABA, long held to be the gold under the same conditions. I understand Senator THURMOND’s standard by the Democrats, gave him a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without disappointment, but he has to under- well-qualified rating. So it is not Judge objection, it is so ordered.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.016 S09PT1 S10164 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Mr. HATCH. I am grateful to my col- sense of our duties to our people. I ap- Mr. MCCAIN. Is this regular order? league. peal to all Senators and to the leader- Mr. SARBANES. I see as part of that I ask for simple courtesy from the ship that we seek to get unanimous process, any time anyone speaks, he other side. Give us an up-or-down vote consent to put off that vote, to delay wants to make an observation. I would on Dennis Shedd. Everybody who is on it. be happy to hear it so I get an oppor- the Judiciary Committee knows this Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, will tunity to respond. man, and I think most others in the the Senator yield for a question? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The reg- Senate know this man and know what Mr. BYRD. Yes, I yield. ular order is the Senator from Mary- a good person he is. But everybody Mr. SARBANES. I ask the very able land may ask a question of the Senator knows Senator THURMOND, that he is and distinguished Senator from West from West Virginia. an honest, decent man, and he deserves Virginia—it is my understanding that Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I share this kind of courtesy, especially at the the motion to proceed to this resolu- that feeling, and in due time we will end of the longest, most distinguished tion took place a week ago. Is that the get that explanation. career in the Senate. Senator’s understanding? At this moment I appeal, I appeal to I thank my dear colleague from West Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I yield to the Members of the Senate to find a Virginia. the Senator for such a parliamentary way to give unanimous consent to put f inquiry. aside this vote on tomorrow and delay The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without it so as to give this Senate more time AUTHORIZATION OF THE USE OF objection, it is so ordered. to debate and to act upon this resolu- UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES Mr. SARBANES. Parliamentary in- tion, which is so weighty, involving, as AGAINST IRAQ—Continued quiry. When did the Senate proceed to it does, the most serious, the most sol- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- this resolution? emn question that can ever face this ator from West Virginia. The PRESIDING OFFICER. It ap- Senate, the question of peace or war. Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I take the pears from the Journal, the Senate pro- We are being hurried by the rules of floor at this time to urge the joint ceeded to this measure on October 4. the Senate, we are being hurried into leadership of the Senate to delay the Mr. SARBANES. October 4, and reaching a decision that is premature. vote on cloture which is set this mo- today is October 9. October 4, I am told I appeal to my colleagues. I appeal to ment for 10:15 tomorrow morning. I by the Chair. Today is October the 9th, my colleagues. The people out there in urge the leadership of this body to con- on a resolution that may take the Na- the country deserve better than this. sider and to help bring about an order tion into war. They deserve a decision taken after due that will vitiate that vote on cloture Mr. BYRD. That includes Saturday time, due consideration, ample consid- tomorrow morning at 10:15. and Sunday. eration, ample opportunities to offer Mr. SARBANES. The distinguished I make my plea on behalf of the amendments and to have them decided. Senator, I think I am correct in recall- mothers, fathers, grandmothers, and As it is under the rules of the Senate, ing, was the leader of the Senate at the grandfathers of this country, the fate we will be forced tomorrow at 10:15 time we did the Panama Canal treaties. of whose sons, daughters and grand- a.m. to vote on cloture. If enough Sen- children hinges upon the outcome of Mr. BYRD. The Senator is correct. Mr. SARBANES. Did the Senator re- ators voted against cloture, that would the vote on cloture; shutting off the de- call there were two treaties, the neu- be one thing. If 41 Senators opposed bate of this Senate, shutting it down to trality treaty and the canal treaty it—or put it this way: If those who sup- 30 hours, with each Senator to have itself? We went to the neutrality trea- port this resolution cannot get 60 votes only 1 hour unless other Senators can ty. Floor debate began on February 6 of tomorrow, then we would automati- be prevailed upon to seek unanimous 1978. We voted on March 16 of 1978. So cally have additional time. consent to yield that Senator addi- we had a period from February the 6th I am concerned the way this Senate tional time, with the exception of the until March 16 to consider that treaty. is being stampeded, stampeded. I don’t managers, the majority leader, and the We then went to the Panama Canal blame any Senator in particular. Every minority leader, who have an addi- treaty. We began debate on March 17 of Senator here is acting in accordance tional 2 hours automatically. 1978 and we voted on that treaty on with the rules. I am asking that in this What is involved is the fate of the April 18 of 1978. In other words, roughly peculiar, unique situation involving so service men and women in this country 6 weeks on one treaty and a month on much of the country’s treasury, in who may have to go to Iraq, the fate of the other treaty. blood and in dollars, I am asking the the reserves, the fate of our National Mr. BYRD. Yes. Senators join with me in putting off Guardsmen and Guardswomen in this Mr. SARBANES. Neither of which in- this decision. It can be done. It can be country who may have to go to Iraq. volved the prospect of going to war. done by unanimous consent. That is This decision is going to be made no Mr. BYRD. Exactly. not asking too much. That is not ask- later than 10:15 tomorrow morning un- Mr. SARBANES. Now, as I under- ing too much. less it is changed. This is a fateful deci- stand it, we are facing the prospect of, We are talking about people who are sion. It involves the treasure of this in effect, terminating all debate, pre- in the military of this country who country. It involves the blood of our cluding a lot of potential amendments, may have to go to war in a foreign fighting men and women. It is too mo- and ending this matter in about one country, depending on this vote tomor- mentous and too far reaching a deci- week’s time, a matter of this grave im- row. sion to be signed, sealed, and delivered port. I ask the Senator if that is cor- Mrs. BOXER. Will the Senator yield? by 10:15 tomorrow morning. rect. Mr. WARNER. Will the Senator I know it is in accordance with the Mr. BYRD. Absolutely correct. Abso- yield? rules of the Senate. Nobody knows the lutely correct. Mr. BYRD. Let me first yield to the rules of the Senate more than I do, and Mr. SARBANES. I make this obser- distinguished Senator from Virginia nobody has used the rules of the Senate vation to my colleague. It seems to me for a question, without losing my right more than I have in past years. But I it is a sad commentary. to the floor. say that this rule, which is perfectly Mr. WARNER. Might I make an ob- Mr. WARNER. I thank my colleague within order, should be set aside be- servation along the lines of the distin- and dear friend from West Virginia. cause of the fateful, momentous, and guished colleague now debating this? To both of my colleagues, the Sen- far-reaching implications and ramifica- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Maryland and the Senator tions of this vote. ator from West Virginia has the floor. from West Virginia, this debate, as If we go through with this vote, Sen- Mr. BYRD. Then I will be glad to stated, started on the 4th, which was ators are going to have 1 hour each, up yield. last Friday. to 30 hours, and only amendments Mr. SARBANES. The distinguished The PRESIDING OFFICER. The which are germane can be offered. This Senator from Virginia, I have been Chair advises the Senator from Vir- is too much, and I appeal to the sense watching him. He is marshaling the ginia and the Senator from Maryland of justice, the sense of right, and the war forces on the floor of the Senate. that on further review of the Journal,

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.065 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10165 this debate began on October 3, rather intervening weekend. Then we are rise up and to let themselves be heard. than October 4. cited as a precedent, Well, in 1991 we Don’t vote for cloture. Let us put off Mr. WARNER. Fine. did it in a few days. this cloture vote. That is not asking I had the privilege of being on the Not only, it seems to me, does it too much. That is not asking too floor last Friday afternoon for over 5 make my point in terms of the willing- much. hours with this debate on that side of ness of the Senate to carry on the I hope Senators will consider this se- that aisle, led by my distinguished col- great national debate that ought to riously. Let’s not vote on this tomor- league from West Virginia. The Sen- take place on important issues of war row morning at 10:15. ator from Massachusetts, Senator KEN- and peace, but this is a matter of most Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, will the NEDY, participated. The Senator from fundamental importance. Senator yield? Connecticut, Mr. DODD, participated. I ask the Senator. It seems to me it Mr. BYRD. Yes. I yield for a ques- We had 51⁄2 hours. I returned to the would require the kind of attention and tion. floor on Monday. We had another debate that is warranted by an issue of Mrs. BOXER. I thank the Senator for roughly 6 hours of debate. Tuesday is that magnitude. putting this debate in the proper con- fresh in the minds of all. And here we Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, the distin- text and for pointing out what the sol- are. guished Senator is indubitably correct. emn duty really is in the Senate. This is the point I wish to make. I There can be no more solemn, no more I want to ask my friend a couple of share with my distinguished colleague serious, no more far-reaching a deci- questions. the seriousness of this vote. It is a sion than the one which the Senate is Has my friend heard, as I have, the vote, hopefully, to ensure a resolution approaching. President himself and many of his rep- which will act as a deterrent, I say All of the talk about how many hours resentatives, including Colin Powell, most respectfully, a deterrent, to the or how many days we spent on some Condoleezza Rice, and Ari Fleischer, use of force, a resolution that will sup- previous resolution or subject is en- repeat over and over again that the port the United Nations that is this tirely aside the point; entirely aside President has not yet made a decision very hour working to possibly craft a the point. to go to war? Has my friend heard 17th resolution which would call for in- What I am saying here—and every that? spections. It is timely that the United Senator here knows it—is tomorrow Mr. BYRD. There is no question. No Nations hear from not only our Presi- morning at 10:15, we will follow the farther back than August 21, I read in dent, who gave a brilliant speech, but a rules of the Senate. We are going to the newspapers that the President was unified Congress with these resolu- vote on cloture on the Lieberman reso- concerned about the agitation, about tions. lution, as modified. It has been modi- all of the commotion—these are my I can conclude my remarks by saying fied. I don’t know how many Senators words—that is taking place here con- in 1990/1991, I and all of the Members know that. This resolution has been cerning his—the President’s—plan. here—most of us were involved in that modified. I only learned about it today. Secretary Rumsfeld on that occasion debate—the record shows the debate It has been modified in such a way that referred to this agitation as a ‘‘frenzy’’. began on January 10, 1991, on the Per- there is no longer a preamble, or what That is my recollection. Go back and sian Gulf resolution. There were two is considered a preamble. The words check; no farther than August 23. resolutions, one submitted by myself ‘‘whereas’’—I would like to discuss Here we were being told there were and the distinguished Senator, Mr. each of these whereas clauses. The no such plans. As we approach it, the LIEBERMAN, the other by the then-ma- whereas clauses have all been changed drive is on. We are being stampeded. jority leader, Mr. Mitchell. That de- to ‘‘since,’’ which means the preamble They are saying, Oh, the vote will take bate started on the 10th. It concluded 2 is now a part and parcel of the resolu- place this week. days later, just 2 days later, on Janu- tion. There is no separate preamble Why all the hurry? ary 12, 1991, concluding with 2 votes on here. I hope we will have an opportunity to both resolutions. So the wheels have been greased. The debate this resolution. We haven’t had So that ended up sending men and wheels of legislative action of debate a full opportunity to debate this reso- women of the Armed Forces, ours and have been greased. lution. It has just been modified over- other nations’, into harm’s way. Let us So here we are now faced with a vote night. Nobody has really had an oppor- hope we have had adequate time, hav- tomorrow morning at 10:15. How many tunity to debate each whereas clause. ing begun on the 3rd, as stated by the of us are going to be here beyond 6:00 There are amendments that are going Chair, and now we are here today with today? It is only 5 minutes to 3 now. to be offered. We are not going to have 13 amendments which have just been How many of us will be here beyond a chance to debate those amendments. submitted, which will be respectfully 6:00 today? Then tomorrow, what time The distinguished Senator from Michi- treated by this body in due course, I are we coming in? 9:00, 10:00? gan has an important amendment. hope expeditiously. So we see how little time this Senate Mrs. BOXER. If I might ask just a The rule is being complied with. This is going to be able to focus its full at- couple of questions—I wanted to say to is clear. But it is 13 amendments. tention on this far-reaching resolution my friend that not only did they say in Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator which carries within its pages the fate, August this was a frenzy, and the press yield? the possible fate of this Nation; the was paying so much attention to it, Mr. BYRD. I yield. fate of hundreds or thousands, or tens and chastising the press for talking Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator of thousands, or hundreds of thousands about Iraq—no. They were in a frenzy. agree with me the timetables which of servicemen and our National But just two nights ago, our President the Senator from Virginia just set out, Guardsmen throughout this country. said he has not made a decision to go both in 1991 and now, show a deteriora- We are holding their fate in our hands. to war. Colin Powell said that before tion in the Senate’s level of commit- I say that the rules of the Senate in the Foreign Relations Committee, on ment in terms of debate on important this instance are being utilized so which I proudly serve. Condoleezza matters of State? strictly they are made more demand- Rice repeated it. Ari Fleischer repeated Now, we do not have to go back that ing. it. I tried to check out the history far. The time period I cited was 24 Why do we have to rush these cloture where the President has not made the years ago, just shy of a quarter of a motions on a matter of this great mo- decision to go to war—over and over century. We took up an important mat- ment? Why couldn’t we have waited again through his operatives, and he ter of foreign policy, the Panama Canal and debated this? What is all the himself said it—yet he is coming to treaty—two of them, 4 weeks on one hurry? this Congress and quickly wants to and 4 weeks on the other. Now we are I say to Senators, and I appeal to the have a resolution, not just backing a here with a resolution to take us to people out there who are watching new United Nations resolution, which I war, and we are told, Well, you know, through those lenses, I appeal to the think we all feel is very important, and we have been on it not quite a week. As people in the 50 States and the terri- with tough inspections. In fact, most of the Senator pointed out, there was an tory and possessions of this country to us believe there should be enforcement

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:57 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.069 S09PT1 S10166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 of inspections, if need be, which is in heavy ground option and the heavy air to initiate a chemical or biological attack Carl Levin’s amendment, which I look option? against the United States, intelligence agen- forward to voting on. Go over to the hospitals surrounding cies concluded in a classified report. . . . But our President is asking us to this Capitol and take a look at the That is the first time we have seen give him the authority to go to war emergency rooms. See how many peo- that public. That has been classified. alone—alone, with no one else. Other ple are in those emergency rooms. See Those of us who have been briefed on it Senators will say that is silly, Senator how short on personnel those hospitals have been unable to use that or to say BOXER. We are not going it alone. Read are. I know. I have had my wife in a that. That is a major kind of factor, I the resolution of Senator MCCAIN. He hospital just recently with an appen- think, if we are being asked to vote on can go it alone. That is the deal. dectomy. Those hospitals are short on a resolution of war: to find out, in our Some say we are doing it because we beds. Intelligence Estimate, that the possi- want to force the U.N. to act. I agree What about the veterans hospitals? bility of American troops being af- with Senator LEVIN. I think it takes What about an upsurge, if it comes, in fected by the use of chemical warfare the heat off the United Nations. casualties of Americans? Are we pre- increases dramatically—dramatically— But the question I ask of my friend is pared for this? Are we prepared? when we are putting Saddam Hussein’s this: In closing, here we are being What is going to happen on the war back against a wall. asked to give the President authority here at home, homeland security, the This was a question that—I see in the to take this country to war without security of our country? Look around Chamber the chairman of the com- any help, without any other nation, us here. Just look at the morning pa- mittee, who was there at the time. I re- without any of our allies, before he has pers. The television is full of it. The member very clearly that moment. made a decision to do so. And I want to people of this area are concerned about But does not the Senator believe that ask my friend this because I know he their children, about the public this kind of statement is worth the op- has been here a very long time. He is schools, and they are being asked not portunity for discussion and expla- an Officer of the Senate. to come to school, not to have recesses. nation, that we ought to hear at least Has my friend been briefed on how Here we are talking about war in what the reality is, that the American many of our military people, men and Iraq, when the focus is being taken off people ought to understand, and the women, it will take to go to this war? the war here at home. The people’s parents of those servicemen ought to What will the casualties be? How eyes are on home, what is happening understand what their children are much will it cost? How long will we around us. Here is a sniper in this area. going to be faced with? have to stay there? What happens He has already killed six people at Does the Senator not agree with me afterward? What is the impact in the least, and they don’t know what he that we have been talking about reso- region? Will Saddam Hussein use his looks like, where he lives, nothing lutions, and we ought to be talking weapons of mass destruction on the about him, except he is a marksman. about the whole issue of terror, the im- battlefield against our people? And He is sure a marksman. pact it is going to have on our soci- what protections do they have? Here we are being told: Tomorrow ety—whether we go to war—what the Those are just a few questions. I want morning at 10:15 we are going to come impact is going to be on our service- to ask my friend, have those questions to the moment of decision. I say it is men, on the region, and on our future? been answered? I have asked them. not right to the American people that I welcome the Senator’s response to They have not been answered. Perhaps we do that. the general question about what this my friend, having so many more years Mr. KENNEDY. Will the Senator debate, to date, has been about, and here, might have the privilege of a re- yield for a question? then the specific issue that has been sponse to that before we are asked to Mr. BYRD. I do not intend to hold raised in the newspapers that has to be take our people to war. the floor too much longer. I yield to of central concern to people in relation Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, there are this Senator, and then I will yield to to authorizing the President to engage many questions the American people my friend. in war and the chances of the use of want answered. There are many ques- Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I have chemical and biological weapons being tions the American people are entitled been listening to the Senator over sev- increased dramatically if Saddam’s to have answers to. eral days. One of the points he makes back is up against a wall in a conflict. I am only pleading here that the Sen- so effectively is the fact that even if we Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank ate give itself time to explore these have been on the resolution a few days, the distinguished Senator from Massa- questions on behalf of the people whom we were, I was reminded, on the Ele- chusetts. He has put his finger on sev- we serve. Give ourselves time. We mentary and Secondary Education Act eral important points, one of which is haven’t had time. We have been rushed 21 days, the energy bill 23 days, the this: The American people are just now through this thing. Now, because of the trade bill 19 days, and the farm bill 18 awakening to the fact that the Senate rules of the Senate, we are going to days. and the House are about to pass a reso- have to vote tomorrow morning at 10:15 But even if we have been on this bill, lution that turns the power of the peo- on a question that involves peace or would the Senator not agree with me ple, as measured by their elected rep- war, a question that involves great sac- that the principal debate has been on resentatives in Congress, over to a rifices for this country. the resolutions, not the real impact of Commander in Chief—the power to de- Nobody knows how great those sac- the war and what would happen to termine when to go to war, the power rifices may be. And there are many American troops who would be in- to declare war. They are just now be- questions that need to be answered. volved—the numbers of American coming awake to that fact. What will we do once Iraq is defeated? troops who would be involved—what The American people are just now be- What will we do with Iraq? Will our the impact is going to be on our battle ginning to focus on this. They have not service men and women be required to with al-Qaida, what is going to be the been focused on this. They have not go there? Will they have to stay there impact in terms of the region, in terms been focused on this. And they are just 2 months after the defeat of Iraq? 6 of what Saddam may do? now beginning to. months? 1 year? 2 years? 5 years? 10 I would be interested in the Senator’s Also, the article that the Senator years? comments on that. raises, from today’s newspaper, indi- Who is going to pay for reviving the Secondly, I would be interested in cates there are many things that have economy of Iraq? Where are the mon- the Senator’s comments on the report a bearing upon this question that are eys coming from to pay the costs of this morning in the Washington Post— just now coming to the surface. Organi- what may be a war of short duration? I am so glad it was declassified—in zations, persons, people with expertise, of what may be a war of long duration? which the Central Intelligence Agency scientists, and so on, are just now be- What is the President’s plan? What is effectively has agreed that—quoting ginning to focus, and their story is just the administration’s plan? Are we the paper—— now beginning to get through. going to use the heavy ground option Unprovoked by a U.S. military campaign, I think we owe it to ourselves. Why or the heavy air option, or both the Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is unlikely would we want to deny ourselves here

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 01:46 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.071 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10167 in Congress the opportunity to have tend to offer is an amendment which Senate an opportunity to consider, de- more facts, the opportunity to study says we should seek the U.N. to author- bate, deliberate a full alternative to this matter more seriously, the oppor- ize force-to-force inspections, to au- the President’s go-it-alone approach. tunity to debate it, the opportunity to thorize member states to use force-to- Mr. BYRD. That is one of the pen- draw up amendments? force inspections—in other words, to go alties this Chamber will pay, that the Here we are faced, under rule XXII, multilaterally with force—but does not Senator will pay, that the American with having to offer our amendments at this time authorize a go-it-alone ap- people will pay as a result of a rule, a by 1 o’clock today, in the first-degree proach. That is my alternative. rule which I support and have sup- amendments. Now, I had to rush to get My alternative also specifically pro- ported. But here we are, caught in a two amendments ready. I have many vides—this is the question—— situation where without adequate de- other matters that are demanding my Mr. HELMS. Will the Senator yield, bate, we have been pushed to a cloture time. And other Senators are in the please? Can there be an understanding, vote in the drive—and I don’t mean to same situation, or even worse situa- when you have completed, that I be criticize any person, it is a stampede— tions. recognized for 5 minutes? I won’t take in the drive to have this decision made So I plead with the Nation’s rep- that long. Would that be agreeable before the Members of Congress go resentatives here in the Senate, with with the Senator? home for the November elections. the leadership in the Senate, with the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CAR- Mr. WARNER. Could I reply to the leadership in the other body. I plead PER). Is there objection to the unani- Senator from Michigan? with Senators to make every effort to mous consent request? Mr. BYRD. That is less than 4 weeks try to get a unanimous consent request Mr. KERRY. Reserving the right to away. It is most unfortunate. to waive this cloture vote on tomor- object, I would simply request that Mr. WARNER. May I ask the Senator row. after the Senator from North Carolina from Michigan a simple question? We are shortchanging the American has spoken, I be recognized. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- people. We are shortchanging ourselves Mr. MCCAIN. I object. ator from West Virginia has the floor. as representatives of the American peo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- Mr. WARNER. Could I just ask the ple. We are shutting ourselves out of tion is heard. Senator from Michigan a simple ques- the opportunity. And it is no fault of Mr. LEVIN. The rest of my question tion? Did you not have the right to any particular Senator. It is the rule is this—— offer an amendment on Friday, Mon- that we are up against here, and only The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there day, Tuesday? That question has been by unanimous consent can we waive it. objection to the unanimous consent reopen to the Senator. But I plead in the name of the people quest of the Senator from North Caro- Mr. BYRD. I am going to give up the of this country, in the name of the lina? floor very shortly. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under young men and women whose lives may Without objection, it is so ordered. the unanimous consent request earlier, be put on the line by the decision that Mr. LEVIN. The alternative resolu- the Senator from North Carolina is rec- this Senate will make tomorrow morn- tion which I intend to offer has a provi- ognized for 5 minutes, once the Senator ing at 10:15. It is too weighty. It is too sion in it which will be prohibited from from West Virginia has concluded. far-reaching. It is only fair to the peo- being included if cloture is invoked because even though it is obviously rel- Mr. LEVIN. I believe there was only ple of America, who are going to be debate on Friday and Monday, no asked to give, in some instances, every- evant to this debate, it is not strictly germane under our rules. I want to ask amendments. I am informed, debate thing they have, if a war ensues. I tell only. you my friends, I don’t want that on the Senator about this. Part of my alternative resolution Mr. MCCAIN. I would ask my col- my conscience, not I. I apologize to leagues, please, let’s observe the rules Senators who have been standing here says: Let us go to the U.N. Let us go together. Let us go multilaterally. of the Senate. waiting. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Let’s have the strength of the world I yield to the Senator from South ator from West Virginia has the floor. Carolina. community behind us because it avoids a lot of negative consequences and AMENDMENT NO. 4868 TO AMENDMENT NO. 4856, AS Mr. HELMS. Will the Senator yield MODIFIED gives us great strength in proceeding for no more than 5 minutes? Mr. BYRD. Before I yield the floor, I against Saddam to go with the world. Mr. LEVIN. Will the Senator yield call up amendment No. 4868 and ask But part of my resolution is that Con- for a question? that it be stated by the clerk. Mr. BYRD. Of course, I am entitled gress would not adjourn sine die so The PRESIDING OFFICER. The to yield for a question, but I would like that the Congress could resume ses- clerk will report. to yield to the Senator from South sion, if necessary, to promptly consider The legislative clerk read as follows: proposals relative to Iraq if, in the Carolina. He has been on his feet. The Senator from West Virginia [Mr. Mr. LEVIN. Is the Senator yielding judgment of the President, the U.N. Se- BYRD] proposes an amendment numbered his right to the floor? If so, I would ask curity Council does not promptly act 4868 to amendment No. 4856, as modified: that before he does that, he open him- on a resolution to enforce inspections. (Purpose: To provide statutory construction self to a question. That is an important part of the reso- that constitutional authorities remain un- Mr. BYRD. I have no intention of lution that I intend to offer. affected and that no additional grant of au- holding the floor. I do intend to offer But is it not true, I ask my good thority is made to the President not dian amendment, however, before I yield friend from West Virginia, if that part rectly related to the existing threat posed the floor. of the resolution is ruled not strictly by Iraq) Mr. LEVIN. If the Senator intends to germane, although it is obviously rel- At the appropriate place, insert the following: yield the floor before Senator HELMS evant, that means I would not be able speaks, would the Senator yield for a to offer the resolution in that form? SEC. 5. STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION. Nothing in this joint resolution— question first? And is that also not a very negative re- (1) is intended to alter the constitutional Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I yield for sult of cloture being invoked? Does authorities of the Congress to declare war, a question. that not deny us an opportunity to grant letters of Marque and Reprisal, or Mr. LEVIN. My question is this: In vote on something which is so impor- other authorities invested in Congress by addition to the fact that cloture, if in- tant to this debate? Section 8, Article I of the Constitution; or voked, will close off debate and have Mr. BYRD. It is, indeed, most unfor- (2) shall be construed as granting any au- the effect which has been described tunate. thority to the President to use the United here, it has another effect, does it not, Mr. LEVIN. I will be offering the res- States Armed Forces for any purpose not di- which is that amendments following olution in two forms: One that con- rectly related to a clear threat of imminent, sudden, and direct attack upon the United cloture must be strictly germane? tains this important language which States, its possessions or territories, or the In preparation for the answer to that would fall if cloture is invoked; one Armed Forces of the United States, unless question, I want to say the following: that does not contain it, which it the Congress of the United States otherwise The alternative amendment which I in- seems to me would then be denying the authorizes.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.075 S09PT1 S10168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I yield the tified that after U.N. inspectors were Secretary Weinberger also noted that floor. banished by Iraq in 1998, ‘‘. . . the risk Saddam’s ability to smuggle goods in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that Saddam Hussein will succeed in and out of Iraq, despite U.N. sanctions, ator from North Carolina. reconstituting deliverable weapons of earns him billions of dollars per year— Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, point of mass destruction has increased. It is in money that goes to develop weapons of inquiry? the interest not only of the United mass destruction. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the States but also of the entire inter- In hearings before other committees, Senator from North Carolina yield? national community to act.’’ our able Secretary of Defense, Donald Mr. HELMS. I yield for that purpose. Former U.S. Ambassador to the Rumsfeld, has pointed out that the Mr. KERRY. I ask unanimous con- United Nationals Richard Holbrooke problem is not inspections but disar- sent that after the Senator from North similarly stated: ‘‘in my view, Saddam mament. Saddam has succeeded in cir- Carolina, I be recognized, following is even more dangerous than [former cumventing sanctions and containment the—— Serbian leader Slobodan] Milosevic, to the point where we no longer have Mr. MCCAIN. I object. I will seek and given his continuing quest for weapons the luxury of waiting idly by while he obtain recognition after the Senator of mass destruction. Left alone, he will continues to develop the means to from North Carolina. only seek to become stronger.’’ threaten us and our allies. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- Now, neither of these two eminent The President’s policy is the only tion is heard. individuals share all of President way to deal with Iraq today, and we are Mr. KERRY. I ask unanimous con- Bush’s foreign policy priorities. But obliged to give him maximum flexi- sent that the Senator from Arizona be both concede that the threat is real, bility to carry it out. Even as the recognized, after which I be recognized and growing. President develops a coalition, we can- following the Senator from Nebraska, Second, three former high-ranking not yield to a few countries like China and I think the Senator from Con- members of the U.N. Special Commis- or Russia that would allow Saddam to necticut. sion agreed that inspections will fail to evade full disarmament. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I would like stop Iraq’s development of weapons of We can no longer countenance to know what the request is. What is mass destruction. Charles Deulfer stat- Saddam’s delays and obfuscations. The the request? ed that, in his opinion, inspections President, in his speech to the Nation Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, who has ‘‘are only a short term palliative and Monday night, articulated a series of the floor? do not address the fundamental prob- options to deal with the Iraqi regime of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- lem. Saddam knows this.’’ Saddam Hussein. He displayed the es- ator from North Carolina has the floor Ambassador Robert Gallucci noted sence of leadership, moving forward in and he yielded to the Senator from that ‘‘We can assume that any regime the face of evil. Diplomacy absent dem- Massachusetts for an inquiry. that appeared as though it would be ef- onstrated resolve—which was our pol- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I used to fective in blocking Iraqi WMD acquisi- icy too often in the past—will continue be a sports writer. I know what freez- tion would also be resisted by Iraq. to prove absolutely ineffectual. ing the ball is doing. Therefore, the only way to impose such I do hope Senators will stand with I ask that it be in order for me to a regime short of war would be to pose the President today. He has shown the make my short statement seated at my to Iraq the credible alternative of a leadership necessary to rid the world of desk. prompt invasion and regime change if Saddam Hussein. We should dem- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the inspection regime change if the in- onstrate that same leadership and au- objection, it is so ordered. spection regime resisted.’’ thorize the President to do what is now Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, the most Lastly, Ambassador Richard Butler, so clearly necessary. fundamental and painful of decisions— the former head of the inspections I yield the floor. whether to authorize the President to team, warned that inspections were The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- send U.S. military personnel to war—is doomed to fail if Saddam succeeds once ator from Nevada is recognized. being confronted by the Senate today, again in what Butler calls the ‘‘shell Mr. REID. Mr. President, we are try- previous days, and maybe more days. I game—phony inspections, more deceit, ing to set up a couple of speakers on believe the decision is in good hands. more concealment.’’ ‘‘That would,’’ he that side, and we are not going to go I have had the privilege of serving in concluded, ‘‘be deeply dangerous, pro- any more in advance of that. We should this body for nearly 30 years. The men viding an illusion of security.’’ tell everybody that, after cloture is in- and women in this chamber are the re- Third, a variety of witnesses, includ- voked, people still will have an oppor- spected servants of the American peo- ing Secretary Powell, agreed that con- tunity to speak. It is not as if this is ple. I have faith in my fellow Senators. tainment of the Iraq threat, our policy the last train out of the station. If peo- For 3 days in August and 2 days in since the end of Operation Desert ple feel inclined to speak, they can do September, the Foreign Relations Storm, is no longer suitable. so. Committee heard testimony on the Secretary Powell told the committee The leader will stay in session as possibility of American military action that the box that contains Saddam long as people want to speak tonight. I against Iraq. We heard 23 witnesses, in- Hussein’s murderous ambitions cannot ask unanimous consent that Senator cluding current and former Secretaries last much longer. Secretary Powell, MCCAIN be recognized for 20 minutes; of State, former National Security Ad- said, ‘‘[Saddam] continues to bounce Senator KERRY, up to 45 minutes—he visors, a number of experts on Iraq against the walls of that box. And one said he may not use all of that time— from academia and from prominent re- of these days he’ll have a box cutter Senator HAGEL, for 25 minutes; Senator search institutes, an important defec- and he’ll be out. And we don’t want to DODD, for 20 minutes. tor from Iraq’s nuclear weapons pro- wait and see that day.’’ Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, could gram, retired senior level military offi- Ambassador Butler also suggested we entertain the desire of the Senator cers, and former members of U.N. in- that containment no longer works. He from Kansas to speak? spections teams in Iraq. told the committee, ‘‘we also need a Mr. REID. The Democrats have used The chairman of the committee, Sen- specific solution to the specific prob- 20 minutes more during this time than ator BIDEN, deserves our thanks for lems posed by this particular and, I the Republicans, so how long would conducting these hearings in a fair and suggest, unique outlaw.’’ Former Sec- Senator ROBERTS speak? comprehensive manner. retary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, Mr. ROBERTS. About 20 minutes. The hearings established some funda- National Security Advisor Robert Mr. REID. I ask unanimous consent mental points that deserve repeating McFarlane, and Dr. Khidir Hamza, that Senator ROBERTS may speak after here on the floor. former Iraqi nuclear weapons designer, Senator DODD for 20 minutes. First, the threat posed by the Iraqi all noted Saddam’s absolute commit- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without regime to American national security ment to the development of weapons of objection, it is so ordered. is serious and growing. Former Sec- mass destruction, especially nuclear The Senator from Arizona is recog- retary of State Madeleine Albright tes- weapons. nized.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.082 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10169 Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, a lot of issue is not being debated around the case of nuclear weapons, it is not a ground was covered in the time be- kitchen tables and in restaurants and question of whether, it is a question of tween the last vote and the time that I other social gathering places through- when. have been recognized, not necessarily out America is simply not aware of Experts will debate whether it is 2 in a structured fashion. I want to re- what is going on in America. years when he acquires these weapons, spond to some of the questions and Yes, they pay attention to this de- whether it is 5 years, 7 years, 10 years, comments that were made. bate, but the issue is well known, and but there is no doubt over time he will First of all, very importantly, the there is no reason why we should not acquire a nuclear weapon. Senator from West Virginia made an invoke cloture. Why do I mention a nuclear weapon? impassioned plea that we not vote for It was interesting to me that my col- We have equipment that can protect cloture, not move forward with the dis- league from Virginia mentioned we our men and women in the military position of this resolution supporting really only spent 2 days of formal de- against biological and chemical attack. the President of the United States of bate on the floor of the Senate in 1991. It is tough to fight, it is bulky equip- America to take action, if necessary, The Senator from Connecticut and I ment, but we do have that equipment. to bring about an elimination of the were heavily involved in that debate. We have not invented any equipment threat to the U.S. national security. But the fact is, that issue was debated yet that can protect our troops from a I think it is worthy of a couple of ob- far and wide. By the time that vote was nuclear weapon. servations, Mr. President. One is, in taken, the American people and the Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, will the recent past the Foreign Relations Members of this body were very well the Senator yield for a question? Committee has held numerous hearings aware—very well aware—as to what Mr. MCCAIN. I will be glad to yield to and the Armed Services Committee has was at stake and what, at that time, the Senator from Connecticut. held numerous hearings. In reality, was a far more controversial issue than Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I though, this issue has been with us for this one is, if you accept our pre- appreciate the comments the Senator 11 years, and it is not possible to turn dictions of an overwhelming vote. has made. I think they are right on tar- on your television set without seeing a The Senator from Massachusetts get. Is there any reason from history or discussion and debate over this issue. asked the Senator from West Virginia evidence to believe Saddam Hussein is The night before last, the President of if he knew about the stories carried in developing these weapons of mass de- the United States spoke to the people this morning’s papers about Saddam struction for defensive purposes? Isn’t of this country on this issue. Debate is Hussein being likely to use weapons of the thought he might use them against taking place in the U.N. There are dis- mass destruction if he is attacked. someone else if attacked indication he cussions in the U.N. Security Council Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- would use them offensively as soon as as we speak. This issue, more than any sent that a statement by George Tenet he feels the opportunity to do so? other today, is known to the American be printed in the RECORD. Mr. MCCAIN. I say to my friend, it is people. As we, their representatives, There being no objection, the mate- very clear he is not developing these debate and discuss it, it is to further rial was ordered to be printed in the weapons for defensive purposes. He has inform them; but they are clearly RECORD, as follows: used them twice—once against his own aware of the major aspects of this STATEMENT BY DCI GEORGE TENET people, once against troops of a neigh- issue. There is no inconsistency between our view boring country in a conflict. Since the year 1992, we have begun to of Saddam’s growing threat and the view as The fundamental point that seems to be aware that Saddam Hussein would expressed by the President in his speech. Al- be lost in this debate sometimes is at not be overthrown. though we think the chances of Saddam ini- any time in the last 11 years, Saddam We became even more aware over tiating a WMD attack at this moment are Hussein could have avoided any threat low—in part because it would constitute an time that he was not going to comply to Saddam Hussein’s illegitimate, ter- admission that the possesses WMD—there is rible regime. It is a terrible and odious with the cease-fire agreements he en- no question that the likelihood of Saddam tered into and the Security Council using WMD against the United States or our regime, but there are lots of bad guys resolutions requiring him to allow in- allies in the region for blackmail, deter- around the world. He could have elimi- trusive and comprehensive weapons in- rence, or otherwise grows as his arsenal con- nated any threat if he had just come spections throughout his country. tinues to build. His past use of WMD against clean, taken out these weapons of mass His obfuscation, his delay, his out- civilian and military targets shows that he destruction, taken out the labora- right refusal to allow these inspections produces those weapons to use not just to tories, stopped, allowed the inspectors culminated in 1998 in ejecting those in- deter. in, so he must have some other agenda. spectors, and that resulted in the pas- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I do not The longer we delay when he is in non- sage of legislation on August 14, 1998, want to go through the whole debate compliance, the more dangerous that which President Clinton signed into again, but here is the point. Saddam threat becomes. law, S.J. Res. 54, which declared that Hussein continues to acquire, amass, There was no contradiction, in my the Government of Iraq was in mate- and improve on his arsenal of weapons view, of the comments of the Director rial and unacceptable breach of its of mass destruction. He continues to of the CIA that were widely quoted in international obligations, and urged attempt to acquire a nuclear weapon. the media this morning. I can under- the President: These are all well-known facts. So if stand, by the way, without knowledge to take appropriate action in accordance you believe that Saddam Hussein, after of Saddam Hussein, without the back- with the Constitution and relative laws of we go through this expression of ap- ground we have of his record, without the United States to bring Iraq into compli- proval, national debate, Security Coun- the knowledge of what he has tried to ance with its international obligations. cil resolutions, is not going to abandon do over the last 11 years, why those On October 31, 1998, then-President his request for his weapons, then the comments might be misconstrued. But Clinton signed into law the Iraq Lib- longer we wait, the more dangerous he taken in the context of the history of eration Act, which stated: becomes. In other words, if we attack this despot, I think it is very clear that It should be the policy of the United States Iraq tomorrow—and that is not clear if he fails to comply—and we are going to support efforts to remove the regime yet; we have Security Council resolu- to the United Nations and there will be headed by Saddam Hussein from power in tions to go through—perhaps Saddam a Security Council resolution or reso- Iraq and to promote the emergence of a do- Hussein in his desperation may want to lutions—then obviously the longer we mestic government to replace that regime. use a weapon of mass destruction, but delay, if he continues on this reckless That was October 31, 1998, the Iraq if Saddam Hussein does not comply and path, the more dangerous it becomes Liberation Act, signed into law by the continues the clear record of violations and, frankly, the more casualties ac- President of the United States. he has amassed over the last 11 years, crue, in response to the Senator from I have to say allegations or asser- then if we have to remove these weap- West Virginia. tions that somehow the American peo- ons of mass destruction, each day that I wish to make another comment ple are not aware of this issue just do goes by he becomes more dangerous, about this debate. There is no Member not ring true. Anyone who believes this his capabilities become better, and, in of this body who has any priority or

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.078 S09PT1 S10170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 any franchise on the lives of American for this amendment in a New York but on the Armed Forces of our coun- young men and women. All of us place minute because 100 years ago we had try? that as our highest priority. All of us two oceans to protect us. One hundred Mr. MCCAIN. I respond to my friend recognize the sacred obligation we have years ago, we did not have in this and say that, yes, if this amendment when we vote to send young men and world weapons of mass destruction said a clear threat of imminent, sud- women into harm’s way, and no one’s that could strike continents away, den, or direct attack upon the Armed motives should be or will be impugned travel thousands of miles and strike Forces of the United States, clearly in this debate. with incredible accuracy. We did not that is the case. We saw it in the USS I think it is important for the Sen- have a threat from a group of people Cole. We saw it in the attacks on our ator from West Virginia to appreciate who are yet somewhat unknown to us, embassies. We have seen it in many that I and others will object to any who want to destroy our culture, who places. unanimous consent agreement that want to destroy our values, and indeed If there has to be a clear threat of would delay a cloture vote tomorrow everything about Western civilization. imminent, sudden, and direct attack morning. We believe the American peo- They travel sometimes in secret with- upon the United States, its possessions, ple have been informed, and the Mem- out us being able to detect them, in the or territories, in all due respect, I bers of this body have been informed. case of September 11, until too late. think Saddam Hussein would be very As the Senator from Virginia said, One hundred years ago, we had two pleased if we passed this kind of resolu- Friday we had debate, and we will, ac- oceans to protect us. We knew who our tion because that would allow him to cording to the majority leader, stay as enemies might be, either real or poten- continue to build up his inventory, to late or as long as anybody in this body tial, and we could afford to wait until build his weapons of mass destruction, wants to talk or debate or discuss. there was an imminent, sudden, or di- perhaps acquire a missile with suffi- With all due respect to the Senator rect attack upon the United States, its cient range to reach the United States, from West Virginia, we will object. possessions or territories. Then I would and only then could we respond. That Mr. President, we are trying to dis- have supported this amendment. is not what I think our responsibilities pose of 13 amendments. Obviously, peo- The fact is, we all know if we wait and duties are to the American people. ple want to speak. I respect that, but I until there is a direct attack on the I am enjoying this debate. I think it do feel compelled to comment on the United States of America, we pay a is a good one. I look forward to hearing amendment of the Senator from West very heavy price. I hope the Senator the next two speakers because both of Virginia briefly. from West Virginia, who I am sorry is them have played a very important and informative role, not only on the floor Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, could I not in the Chamber, would have appre- of the Senate but on talk shows and ask a brief question before the Senator ciated that lesson from September 11; great programs throughout America, proceeds to the amendment? that we cannot wait until there is a di- both written and in public. Mr. MCCAIN. I will be glad to yield to rect, imminent, or sudden attack upon In fact, some of them have been ac- the Senator. the United States of America. That is cused of what I have been accused of Mr. WARNER. Our colleague from why if this amendment were to pass, it from time to time, and that is seeking Connecticut raises a very valuable would completely prevent the Presi- a camera, which is, of course, never question: Is he manufacturing these dent of the United States of America true of me or my two colleagues. weapons of mass destruction for the de- from addressing a clear and present I certainly look forward to listening fense of his sovereign nation? The danger to the United States of America to their arguments. I think these next clearest evidence this Senator finds to in the form of Saddam Hussein’s inven- two speakers will contribute enor- show that he is not doing that is the tory of weapons of mass destruction. mously to the debate. I think the excessive amounts. Mr. LIEBERMAN. Will the Senator American people, as well as our col- During the inspection regime, while yield for a question? leagues, will be better informed at the it was somewhat functional in the Mr. MCCAIN. I will be glad to yield to completion of their remarks. early 1990s, they discovered records of the Senator from Connecticut. I yield back the remainder of my clearly documented biological and Mr. LIEBERMAN. The Senator time. chemical weaponry that had been makes a good series of points about the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- made. To this day, it has never been pending amendment introduced by the ator from Massachusetts is recognized unearthed, never been discovered, Senator from West Virginia. for up to 45 minutes. never been acknowledged by Saddam We have language in our resolution Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I thank Hussein. that authorizes the President to take my good friend from Arizona for his in- So the question is important, and the action to protect the national security troduction and for his generous com- Senator from Arizona answered it very of the United States against the con- ments about the role that Senator carefully. I suggest that those who tinuing threat from Iraq. I must say HAGEL and I have played. have any doubt address the excess that in my opinion, and I ask the Sen- My colleague, Senator HAGEL, and I quantities of all of these weapons. And ator for his reaction, the terms that share seats on the Foreign Relations for what reason would he need a nu- the Senator from West Virginia has Committee. We have both followed this clear weapon? That is a question to stated are literally being met now for issue for a long period of time. which none of us have an answer. this reason: As my friend from Arizona Obviously, with respect to an issue Mr. MCCAIN. I thank my friend from well knows, the Armed Forces of the that might take Americans to war, we Virginia. United States are under direct attack deserve time, and there is no more im- Mr. President, now I will make a few from Iraq as they fly along with their portant debate to be had on the floor of brief comments about the amendment British colleagues to enforce the no-fly the Senate. It is in the greatest tradi- of the Senator from West Virginia. zone. tions of this institution, and I am The amendment is to provide con- Approximately 7,500 American men proud to take part in that debate now. stitutional authorities to the President and women in uniform are dispatched This is a debate that should be con- of the United States. In the heart of there, costing the American taxpayer a ducted without regard to parties, to the amendment, it says the President billion or more dollars a year. This politics, to labels. It is a debate that of the United States cannot use the year alone, there have been more than has to come from the gut of each and Armed Forces for any purposes not di- 400 occasions on which Iraqi forces every Member, and I am confident that rectly related to a clear threat of im- have fired at the Armed Forces of the it does. I know for Senator HAGEL, Sen- minent, sudden, and direct attack upon United States. ator MCCAIN, and myself, when we pick the United States, its possessions or Of course, I am opposed to this up the newspapers and read about the territories. amendment, but I ask the Senator residuals of the Vietnam war, there is If this were 100 years ago, at the time from Arizona if he would agree with me a particular sensitivity because I do of my hero, Theodore Roosevelt, who that there is a direct attack by Iraq not think any of us feel a residual with was ready to send the Great White going on right now, not on the United respect to the choices we are making Fleet around the world, I would vote States or its possessions or territories now.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.081 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10171 I know for myself back in that period lated the result of setting oil rigs on He has had a free hand for 4 years to of time, even as I protested the war, I fire. He miscalculated the impact of reconstitute these weapons, allowing wrote that if my Nation was again sending Scuds into Israel. He miscalcu- the world, during the interval, to lose threatened and Americans made the lated his own military might. He mis- the focus we had on weapons of mass decision we needed to defend ourselves, calculated the Arab world’s response to destruction and the issue of prolifera- I would be among the first to put on a his plight. He miscalculated in at- tion. uniform again and go and do that. tempting an assassination of a former The Senate worked to urge action in We are facing a very different world President of the United States. And he early 1998. I joined with Senator today than we have ever faced before. is miscalculating now America’s judg- MCCAIN, Senator HAGEL, and other September 11 changed a lot, but other ments about his miscalculations. Senators, in a resolution urging the things have changed: Globalization, All those miscalculations are com- President to ‘‘take all necessary and technology, a smaller planet, the dif- pounded by the rest of history. A bru- appropriate actions to respond to the ficulties of radical fundamentalism, tal, oppressive dictator, guilty of per- threat posed by Iraq’s refusal to end the crosscurrents of religion and poli- sonally murdering and condoning mur- his weapons of mass destruction pro- tics. We are living in an age where the der and torture, grotesque violence gram.’’ That was 1998 that we thought dangers are different and they require against women, execution of political we needed a more serious response. a different response, different thinking, opponents, a war criminal who used Later in the year, Congress enacted and different approaches than we have chemical weapons against another na- legislation declaring Iraq in material, applied in the past. tion and, of course, as we know, unacceptable breach of its disar- Most importantly, it is a time when against his own people, the Kurds. He mament obligations and urging the international institutions must rise to has diverted funds from the Oil-for- President to take appropriate action to the occasion and seek new authority Food program, intended by the inter- bring Iraq into compliance. In fact, had and a new measure of respect. national community to go to his own we done so, President Bush could well In approaching the question of this people. He has supported and harbored have taken his office, backed by our resolution, I wish the timing were dif- terrorist groups, particularly radical sense of urgency about holding Saddam ferent. I wish for the sake of the coun- Palestinian groups such as Abu Nidal, Hussein accountable and, with an try we were not here now at this mo- and he has given money to families of international United Nations, backed a ment. There are legitimate questions suicide murderers in Israel. multilateral stamp of approval record about that timing. But none of the un- I mention these not because they are on a clear demand for the disarmament derlying realities of the threat, none of a cause to go to war in and of them- of Saddam Hussein’s Iraq. We could the underlying realities of the choices selves, as the President previously sug- have had that and we would not be here we face are altered because they are, in gested, but because they tell a lot debating this today. But the adminis- fact, the same as they were in 1991 about the threat of the weapons of tration missed an opportunity 2 years when we discovered those weapons mass destruction and the nature of this ago and particularly a year ago after when the teams went in, and in 1998 man. We should not go to war because September 11. They regrettably, and when the teams were kicked out. these things are in his past, but we even clumsily, complicated their own With respect to Saddam Hussein and should be prepared to go to war be- case. The events of September 11 cre- the threat he presents, we must ask cause of what they tell us about the fu- ated new understanding of the terrorist ourselves a simple question: Why? Why ture. It is the total of all of these acts threat and the degree to which every is Saddam Hussein pursuing weapons that provided the foundation for the nation is vulnerable. that most nations have agreed to limit world’s determination in 1991 at the That understanding enabled the ad- or give up? Why is Saddam Hussein end of the gulf war that Saddam Hus- ministration to form a broad and im- guilty of breaking his own cease-fire sein must: pressive coalition against terrorism. agreement with the international com- . . . unconditionally accept the destruction, Had the administration tried then to munity? Why is Saddam Hussein at- removal, or rendering harmless under inter- capitalize on this unity of spirit to tempting to develop nuclear weapons national supervision of his chemical and bio- build a coalition to disarm Iraq, we when most nations don’t even try, and logical weapons and ballistic missile delivery would not be here in the pressing days responsible nations that have them at- systems . . . [and] unconditionally agree not before an election, late in this year, de- tempt to limit their potential for dis- to acquire or develop nuclear weapons or nu- bating this now. The administration’s aster? Why did Saddam Hussein threat- clear weapon-usable material. decision to engage on this issue now, en and provoke? Why does he develop Saddam Hussein signed that agree- rather than a year ago or earlier, and missiles that exceed allowable limits? ment. Saddam Hussein is in office the manner in which it has engaged, Why did Saddam Hussein lie and de- today because of that agreement. It is has politicized and complicated the na- ceive the inspection teams previously? the only reason he survived in 1991. In tional debate and raised questions Why did Saddam Hussein not account 1991, the world collectively made a about the credibility of their case. for all of the weapons of mass destruc- judgment that this man should not By beginning its public discourse tion which UNSCOM identified? Why is have weapons of mass destruction. And with talk of invasion and regime he seeking to develop unmanned air- we are here today in the year 2002 with change, the administration raised borne vehicles for delivery of biological an uninspected 4-year interval during doubts about their bona fides on the agents? which time we know through intel- most legitimate justification for war— Does he do all of these things because ligence he not only has kept them, but that in the post-September 11 world he wants to live by international he continues to grow them. the unrestrained threat of weapons of standards of behavior? Because he re- I believe the record of Saddam Hus- mass destruction in the hands of Sad- spects international law? Because he is sein’s ruthless, reckless breach of dam Hussein is unacceptable, and his a nice guy underneath it all and the international values and standards of refusal to allow U.N. inspectors to re- world should trust him? behavior which is at the core of the turn was in blatant violation of the It would be naive to the point of cease-fire agreement, with no reach, no 1991 cease-fire agreement that left him grave danger not to believe that, left to stretch, is cause enough for the world in power. By casting about in an his own devices, Saddam Hussein will community to hold him accountable by unfocused, undisciplined, overly public, provoke, misjudge, or stumble into a use of force, if necessary. The threat of internal debate for a rationale for war, future, more dangerous confrontation Saddam Hussein with weapons of mass the administration complicated their with the civilized world. He has as destruction is real, but as I said, it is case, confused the American public, much as promised it. He has already not new. It has been with us since the and compromised America’s credibility created a stunning track record of mis- end of that war, and particularly in the in the eyes of the world community. By calculation. He miscalculated an 8-year last 4 years we know after Operation engaging in hasty war talk rather than war with Iran. He miscalculated the in- Desert Fox failed to force him to re- focusing on the central issue of Iraq’s vasion of Kuwait. He miscalculated accept them, that he has continued to weapons of mass destruction, the ad- America’s responses to it. He miscalcu- build those weapons. ministration placed doubts in the

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:15 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.085 S09PT1 S10172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 minds of potential allies, particularly Nations and began building inter- UNSCOM—Special Commission—in- in the Middle East, where managing national consensus to hold Saddam spectors, culminating in 1998 in their the Arab street is difficult at best. Hussein accountable. The administra- ouster. Even during the period of in- Against this disarray, it is not sur- tion began this process suggesting that spections, Iraq never fully accounted prising that tough questions began to the United States might well go to war for major gaps and inconsistencies in be asked and critics began to emerge. over Saddam Hussein’s failure to re- declarations provided to the inspectors Indeed over the course of the last 6 turn Kuwaiti property. Last week the of its pre-gulf war WMD programs, nor weeks some of the strongest and most Secretary of State and on Monday did the Iraqi regime provide credible thoughtful questioning of our Nation’s night the President made clear we proof that it had completely destroyed Iraq policy has come from what some would go to war only to disarm Iraq. its weapons stockpiles and production observers would say are unlikely The administration began discussion infrastructure. sources: Senators like CHUCK HAGEL of Iraq by almost belittling the impor- It is clear that in the 4 years since and DICK LUGAR, former Bush Adminis- tance of arms inspections. Today the the UNSCOM inspectors were forced tration national security experts in- administration has refocused their aim out, Saddam Hussein has continued his cluding Brent Scowcroft and James and made clear we are not in an arbi- quest for weapons of mass destruction. Baker, and distinguished military trary conflict with one of the world’s According to intelligence, Iraq has voices including General Shalikashvili. many dictators, but a conflict with a chemical and biological weapons as They are asking the tough questions dictator whom the international com- well as missiles with ranges in excess which must be answered before—and munity left in power only because he of the 150 kilometer restriction im- not after—you commit a nation to a agreed not to pursue weapons of mass posed by the United Nations in the course that may well lead to war. They destruction. That is why arms inspec- ceasefire resolution. Although Iraq’s know from their years of experience, tions—and I believe ultimately chemical weapons capability was re- whether on the battlefield as soldiers, Saddam’s unwillingness to submit to duced during the UNSCOM inspections, in the Senate, or at the highest levels fail-safe inspections—is absolutely Iraq has maintained its chemical weapons effort over the last 4 years. Evi- of public diplomacy, that you build the critical in building international sup- dence suggests that it has begun re- consent of the American people to sus- port for our case to the world. tain military confrontation by asking That is the way in which you make it newed production of chemical warfare questions, not avoiding them. Criti- clear to the world that we are contem- agents, probably including mustard cism and questions do not reflect a plating war not for war’s sake, and not gas, sarin, cyclosarin, and VX. Intel- lack of patriotism—they demonstrate to accomplish goals that don’t meet ligence reports show that Iraq has invested more heavily in its biological the strength and core values of our international standards or muster with weapons programs over the 4 years, American democracy. respect to national security, but be- with the result that all key aspects of It is love of country, and it is defined cause weapons inspections may be the this program—R&D, production and by defense of those policies that pro- ultimate enforcement mechanism, and weaponization—are active. Most ele- tect and defend our country. that may be the way in which we ulti- ments of the program are larger and Writing in the New York Times in mately protect ourselves. early September, I argued that the I am pleased that the Bush adminis- more advanced than they were before the gulf war. Iraq has some lethal and American people would never accept tration has recognized the wisdom of incapacitating agents and is capable of the legitimacy of this war or give their shifting its approach on Iraq. That quickly producing and weaponizing a consent to it unless the administration shift has made it possible, in my judg- variety of such agents, including an- first presented detailed evidence of the ment, for the Senate to move forward thrax, for delivery on a range of vehi- threat of Iraq’s weapons of mass de- with greater unity, having asked and cles such as bombs, missiles, aerial struction and proved that it had ex- begun to answer the questions that sprayers, and covert operatives which hausted all other options to protect best defend our troops and protect our could bring them to the United States our national security. I laid out a se- national security. The Senate can now homeland. Since inspectors left, the ries of steps that the administration make a determination about this reso- Iraqi regime has energized its missile must take for the legitimacy of our lution and, in this historic vote, help cause and our ultimate success in program, probably now consisting of a put our country and the world on a few dozen Scud-type missiles with Iraq—seek the advice and approval of course to begin to answer one funda- ranges of 650 to 900 kilometers that Congress after laying out the evidence mental question—not whether to hold could hit Israel, Saudi Arabia and and making the case, and work with Saddam Hussein accountable, but how. other U.S. allies in the region. In addi- our allies to seek full enforcement of I have said publicly for years that tion, Iraq is developing unmanned aer- the existing cease-fire agreement while weapons of mass destruction in the ial vehicles UAVs, capable of delivering simultaneously offering Iraq a clear ul- hands of Saddam Hussein pose a real chemical and biological warfare timatum: accept rigorous inspections and grave threat to our security and agents, which could threaten Iraq’s without negotiation or compromise that of our allies in the Persian Gulf neighbors as well as American forces in and without condition. region. Saddam Hussein’s record bears Those of us who have offered ques- the Persian Gulf. this out. Prior to the gulf war, Iraq had an ad- tions and criticisms—and there are I have talked about that record. Iraq vance nuclear weapons development many in this body and beyond—can never fully accounted for the major program. Although UNSCOM and IAEA take heart in the fact that those ques- gaps and inconsistencies in declara- International Atomic Energy Agency tions and those criticisms have had an tions provided to the inspectors of the inspectors learned much about Iraq’s impact on the debate. They have pre-Gulf war weapons of mass destruc- efforts in this area, Iraq has failed to changed how we may or may not deal tion program, nor did the Iraq regime provide complete information on all as- with Iraq. The Bush administration provide credible proof that it had com- pects of its program. Iraq has main- began talking about Iraq by suggesting pletely destroyed its weapons and pro- tained its nuclear scientists and tech- that congressional consultation and duction infrastructure. nicians as well as sufficient dual-use authorization for the use of force were He has continually failed to meet the manufacturing capability to support a not needed. Now they are consulting obligations imposed by the inter- reconstituted nuclear weapons pro- with Congress and seeking our author- national community on Iraq at the end gram. Iraqi defectors who once worked ization. The administration began this of the Persian Gulf the Iraqi regime for Iraq’s nuclear weapons establish- process walking down a path of provide credible proof war to declare ment have reportedly told American unilateralism. Today they acknowl- and destroy its weapons of mass de- officials that acquiring nuclear weap- edge that while we reserve the right to struction and delivery systems and to ons is a top priority for Saddam Hus- act alone, it is better to act with allies. forego the development of nuclear sein’s regime. The administration which once seemed weapons. during the 7 years of weapons According to the CIA’s report, all entirely disengaged from the United inspections, the Iraqi regime repeat- U.S. intelligence experts agree that Nations ultimately went to the United edly frustrated the work of the Iraq is seeking nuclear weapons. There

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:15 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.087 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10173 is little question that Saddam Hussein protection of long-term interests, not When asked why the resolution sent wants to develop nuclear weapons. The just of the United States but of the by the President to Congress requested more difficult question to answer is world, to understand that the dynamic authority to enforce all the resolutions when Iraq could actually achieve this has changed, that we are living in a dif- with which Iraq had not complied, the goal. That depends on is its ability to ferent status today, that we cannot sit Secretary told the committee: acquire weapons-grade fissile material. by and be as complacent or even neg- That’s the way the resolution is currently If Iraq could acquire this material from ligent about weapons of mass destruc- worded, but we all know, I think, that the abroad, the CIA estimates that it could tion and proliferation as we have been major problem, the offense, what the Presi- have a nuclear weapon within 1 year. in the past. dent is focused on and the danger to us and Absent a foreign supplier, it might be The Iraqi regime’s record over the to the world are the weapons of mass de- longer. There is no question that Sad- decade leaves little doubt that Saddam struction. dam Hussein represents a threat. I Hussein wants to retain his arsenal of In his speech on Monday night, Presi- have heard even my colleagues who op- weapons of mass destruction and, obvi- dent Bush confirmed what Secretary pose the President’s resolution say we ously, as we have said, grow it. These Powell told the committee. In the have to hold Saddam Hussein account- weapons represent an unacceptable clearest presentation to date, the able. They also say we have to force threat. President laid out a strong, com- the inspections. And to force the in- I want to underscore that this admin- prehensive, and compelling argument istration began this debate with a reso- spections, you have to be prepared to why Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction lution that granted exceedingly broad use force. programs are a threat to the United So the issue is not over the question authority to the President to use force. States and the international commu- of whether or not the threat is real, or I regret that some in the Congress nity. The President said: rushed so quickly to support it. I would whether or not people agree there is a Saddam Hussein must disarm himself, or, have opposed it. It gave the President threat. It is over what means we will for the sake of peace, we will lead a coalition the authority to use force not only to take, and when, in order to try to to disarm him. enforce all of the U.N. resolutions as a eliminate it. This statement left no doubt that the cause of war, but also to produce re- The reason for going to war, if we casus belli for the United States will be gime change in Iraq, and to restore must fight, is not because Saddam Hus- Iraq’s failure to rid itself of weapons of international peace and security in the sein has failed to deliver gulf war pris- mass destruction. Persian Gulf region. It made no men- oners or Kuwaiti property. As much as I would have preferred that the Presi- tion of the President’s efforts at the we decry the way he has treated his dent agree to the approach drafted by United Nations or the need to build people, regime change alone is not a multilateral support for whatever Senators BIDEN and LUGAR because sufficient reason for going to war, as course of action we ultimately would that resolution would authorize the use desirable as it is to change the regime. take. of force for the explicit purpose of dis- Regime change has been an American I am pleased that our pressure, and arming Iraq and countering the threat policy under the Clinton administra- the questions we have asked, and the posed by Iraq’s weapons of mass de- tion, and it is the current policy. I sup- criticisms that have been raised pub- struction. port the policy. But regime change in licly, the debate in our democracy has The Biden-Lugar resolution also ac- and of itself is not sufficient justifica- pushed this administration to adopt knowledges the importance of the tion for going to war—particularly uni- important changes, both in language as President’s efforts at the United Na- laterally—unless regime change is the well as in the promises that they tions. It would require the President, only way to disarm Iraq of the weapons make. before exercising the authority granted of mass destruction pursuant to the The revised White House text, which in the resolution, to send a determina- United Nations resolution. we will vote on, limits the grant of au- tion to Congress that the United States As bad as he is, Saddam Hussein, the thority to the President to the use of tried to seek a new Security Council dictator, is not the cause of war. Sad- force only with respect to Iraq. It does resolution or that the threat posed by dam Hussein sitting in Baghdad with not empower him to use force through- Iraq’s WMD is so great he must act aban arsenal of weapons of mass destruc- out the Persian Gulf region. It author- sent a new resolution—a power, inci- tion is a different matter. izes the President to use Armed Forces dentally, that the President of the In the wake of September 11, who to defend the ‘‘national security’’ of United States always has. among us can say, with any certainty, the United States—a power most of us I believe this approach would have to anybody, that those weapons might believe he already has under the Con- provided greater clarity to the Amer- not be used against our troops or stitution as Commander in Chief. And ican people about the reason for going against allies in the region? Who can it empowers him to enforce all ‘‘rel- to war and the specific grant of author- say that this master of miscalculation evant’’ Security Council resolutions re- ity. I think it would have been a better will not develop a weapon of mass de- lated to Iraq. None of those resolutions way to do this. But it does not change struction even greater—a nuclear or, for that matter, any of the other the bottom line of what we are voting weapon—then reinvade Kuwait, push Security Council resolutions demand- for. the Kurds out, attack Israel, any num- ing Iraqi compliance with its inter- The administration, unwisely, in my ber of scenarios to try to further his national obligations, calls for a regime view, rejected the Biden-Lugar ap- ambitions to be the pan-Arab leader or change. proach. But, perhaps as a nod to the simply to confront in the region, and In recent days, the administration sponsors, it did agree to a determina- once again miscalculate the response, has gone further. They are defining tion requirement on the status of its to believe he is stronger because he has what ‘‘relevant’’ U.N. Security Council efforts at the United Nations. That is those weapons? resolutions mean. When Secretary now embodied in the White House text. And while the administration has Powell testified before our committee, The President has challenged the failed to provide any direct link be- the Foreign Relations Committee, on United Nations, as he should, and as all tween Iraq and the events of September September 26, he was asked what spe- of us in the Senate should, to enforce 11, can we afford to ignore the possi- cific U.N. Security Council resolutions its own resolutions vis-a-vis Iraq. And bility that Saddam Hussein might acci- the United States would go to war to his administration is now working ag- dentally, as well as purposely, allow enforce. His response was clear: the gressively with the Perm 5 members on those weapons to slide off to one group resolutions dealing with weapons of the Security Council to reach a con- or other in a region where weapons are mass destruction and the disarmament sensus. As he told the American people the currency of trade? How do we leave of Iraq. In fact, when asked about com- Monday night: that to chance? pliance with other U.N. resolutions America wants the U.N. to be an effective That is why the enforcement mecha- which do not deal with weapons of organization that helps keep the peace. And nism through the United Nations and mass destruction, the Secretary said: that is why we are urging the Security Coun- the reality of the potential of the use The President has not linked authority to cil to adopt a new resolution setting out of force is so critical to achieve the go to war to any of those elements. tough, immediate requirements.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.030 S09PT1 S10174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Because of my concerns, and because ‘‘imminent’’—threat to this country our peaceful options to achieve this of the need to understand, with clarity, which requires the President to re- goal. There is much more to be done. what this resolution meant, I traveled spond in a way that protects our imme- The administration must continue its to New York a week ago. I met with diate national security needs. efforts to build support at the United members of the Security Council and Prime Minister Tony Blair has recog- Nations for a new, unfettered, uncondi- came away with a conviction that they nized a similar need to distinguish how tional weapons inspection regime. If we will indeed move to enforce, that they we approach this. He has said that he can eliminate the threat posed by understand the need to enforce, if Sad- believes we should move in concert Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction dam Hussein does not fulfill his obliga- with allies, and he has promised his through inspections, whenever, wher- tion to disarm. own party that he will not do so other- ever, and however we want them, in- And I believe they made it clear that wise. The administration may not be in cluding in palaces—and I am highly if the United States operates through the habit of building coalitions, but skeptical, given the full record, given the U.N., and through the Security that is what they need to do. And it is their past practices, that we can nec- Council, they—all of them—will also what can be done. If we go it alone essarily achieve that—then we have an bear responsibility for the aftermath of without reason, we risk inflaming an obligation to try that as the first rebuilding Iraq and for the joint efforts entire region, breeding a new genera- course of action before we expend to do what we need to do as a con- tion of terrorists, a new cadre of anti- American lives in any further effort. sequence of that enforcement. American zealots, and we will be less American success in the Persian Gulf I talked to Secretary General Kofi secure, not more secure, at the end of war was enhanced by the creation of an Annan at the end of last week and the day, even with Saddam Hussein dis- international coalition. Our coalition again felt a reiteration of the serious- armed. partners picked up the overwhelming ness with which the United Nations Let there be no doubt or confusion burden of the cost of that war. It is im- takes this and that they will respond. about where we stand on this. I will perative that the administration con- If the President arbitrarily walks support a multilateral effort to disarm tinue to work to multilateralize the away from this course of action—with- him by force, if we ever exhaust those current effort against Iraq. If the administration’s initiatives at the United out good cause or reason—the legit- other options, as the President has Nations are real and sincere, other na- imacy of any subsequent action by the promised, but I will not support a uni- tions are more likely to invest, to United States against Iraq will be chal- lateral U.S. war against Iraq unless stand behind our efforts to force Iraq lenged by the American people and the that threat is imminent and the multi- to disarm, be it through a new, rig- international community. And I would lateral effort has not proven possible orous, no-nonsense program of inspec- vigorously oppose the President doing under any circumstances. tion, or if necessary, through the use of so. In voting to grant the President the force. That is the best way to proceed. authority, I am not giving him carte When I vote to give the President of The United States, without question, the United States the authority to use blanche to run roughshod over every has the military power to enter this force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam country that poses or may pose some conflict unilaterally. But we do need Hussein, it is because I believe that a kind of potential threat to the United friends. We need logistical support such deadly arsenal of weapons of mass de- States. Every nation has the right to as bases, command and control centers, struction in his hands is a threat, and act preemptively, if it faces an immi- overflight rights from allies in the re- a grave threat, to our security and that nent and grave threat, for its self-de- gion. And most importantly, we need of our allies in the Persian Gulf region. fense under the standards of law. The to be able to successfully wage the war I will vote yes because I believe it is threat we face today with Iraq does not on terror simultaneously. That war on the best way to hold Saddam Hussein meet that test yet. I emphasize ‘‘yet.’’ terror depends more than anything else accountable. And the administration, I Yes, it is grave because of the deadli- on the sharing of intelligence. That believe, is now committed to a recogni- ness of Saddam Hussein’s arsenal and sharing of intelligence depends more tion that war must be the last option the very high probability that he than anything else on the cooperation to address this threat, not the first, might use these weapons one day if not of countries in the region. If we disrupt and that we must act in concert with disarmed. But it is not imminent, and that, we could disrupt the possibilities allies around the globe to make the no one in the CIA, no intelligence brief- of the capacity of that war to be most world’s case against Saddam Hussein. ing we have had suggests it is immi- effectively waged. As the President made clear earlier nent. None of our intelligence reports I believe the support from the region this week, ‘‘Approving this resolution suggest that he is about to launch an will come only if they are convinced of does not mean that military action is attack. the credibility of our arguments and imminent or unavoidable.’’ It means The argument for going to war the legitimacy of our mission. The ‘‘America speaks with one voice.’’ against Iraq is rooted in enforcement United Nations never has veto power Let me be clear, the vote I will give of the international community’s de- over any measure the United States to the President is for one reason and mand that he disarm. It is not rooted needs to take to protect our national one reason only: To disarm Iraq of in the doctrine of preemption. Nor is security. But it is in our interest to try weapons of mass destruction, if we can- the grant of authority in this resolu- to act with our allies, if at all possible. not accomplish that objective through tion an acknowledgment that Congress And that should be because the burden new, tough weapons inspections in accepts or agrees with the President’s of eliminating the threat posed by joint concert with our allies. new strategic doctrine of preemption. weapons of mass destruction should In giving the President this author- Just the opposite. This resolution not be ours alone. It should not be the ity, I expect him to fulfill the commit- clearly limits the authority given to American people’s alone. ments he has made to the American the President to use force in Iraq, and If in the end these efforts fail, and if people in recent days—to work with Iraq only, and for the specific purpose in the end we are at war, we will have the United Nations Security Council to of defending the United States against an obligation, ultimately, to the Iraqi adopt a new resolution setting out the threat posed by Iraq and enforcing people with whom we are not at war. tough and immediate inspection re- relevant Security Council resolutions. This is a war against a regime, mostly quirements, and to act with our allies The definition of purpose cir- one man. So other nations in the re- at our side if we have to disarm Sad- cumscribes the authority given to the gion and all of us will need to help cre- dam Hussein by force. If he fails to do President to the use of force to disarm ate an Iraq that is a place and a force so, I will be among the first to speak Iraq because only Iraq’s weapons of for stability and openness in the re- out. mass destruction meet the two criteria gion. That effort is going to be long If we do wind up going to war with laid out in this resolution. term, costly, and not without dif- Iraq, it is imperative that we do so Congressional action on this resolu- ficulty, given Iraq’s ethnic and reli- with others in the international com- tion is not the end of our national de- gious divisions and history of domestic munity, unless there is a showing of a bate on how best to disarm Iraq. Nor turbulence. In Afghanistan, the admin- grave, imminent—and I emphasize does it mean we have exhausted all of istration has given more lipservice

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.091 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10175 than resources to the rebuilding effort. decided to show the evidence and pro- American and international commit- We cannot allow that to happen in ceeded through the international insti- ment to enforcing Iraq’s disarmament. Iraq, and we must be prepared to stay tutions. He said at the time: The diplomatic process is not easy, and the course over however many years it The path we have chosen is full of hazards, we face the competing interests and de- takes to do it right. as all paths are . . . The cost of freedom is mands of Russia, France, China, and The challenge is great: An adminis- always high, but Americans have always others, whose interests in Iraq may not tration which made nation building a paid it. And one path we shall never choose, always be the same as ours. A regional dirty word needs to develop a com- and that is the path of surrender, or submis- and international coalition is essential prehensive, Marshall-type plan, if it sion. for creating the political environment will meet the challenge. The President So I believe the Senate will make it that will be required for any action we needs to give the American people a clear, and the country will make it take in Iraq, and especially for how we fairer and fuller, clearer understanding clear, that we will not be blackmailed sustain a democratic transition in a of the magnitude and long-term finan- or extorted by these weapons, and we post-Saddam Iraq. We cannot do it cial cost of that effort. will not permit the United Nations—an alone. The international community’s sup- institution we have worked hard to America—including the Congress— port will be critical because we will not nurture and create—to simply be ig- and the world, must speak with one be able to rebuild Iraq singlehandedly. nored by this dictator. voice about Iraqi disarmament, as it We will lack the credibility and the ex- I yield the floor. must continue to do so in the war on pertise and the capacity. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. terrorism. It is clear the Senate is about to give CANTWELL). Under the previous order, Because the stakes are so high, the President the authority he has re- the Senator from Nebraska is recog- America must be careful with her rhet- quested sometime in the next days. nized. oric and mindful of how others perceive Whether the President will have to use Mr. HAGEL. Madam President, the her intentions. Actions in Iraq must that authority depends ultimately on Senate is, by design, a deliberative income in the context of an American- Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein has stitution. Over this past week, we have led, multilateral approach to disar- a choice: He can continue to defy the witnessed thoughtful debate and com- mament, not as the first case for a new American doctrine involving the pre- international community, or he can mentary on how to meet the challenge emptive use of force. America’s chal- fulfill his longstanding obligations to of Saddam Hussein’s Iraq. Ours is not lenge in this new century will be to disarm. He is the person who has an academic exercise; debate informs strengthen its relationships around the brought the world to this brink of con- our decision whether to authorize the world while leading the world in our frontation. He is the dictator who can President to use force if necessary to war on terrorism, for it is the success end the stalemate simply by following enforce U.N. Security Council resolu- of the first challenge that will deter- the terms of the agreement which left tions dealing with Iraqi disarmament. mine the success of the second. We him in power. There are no easy answers in Iraq. should not mistake our foreign policy By standing with the President, Con- The decision to commit our troops to priorities for ideology in a rush to progress would demonstrate our Nation is war is the most difficult decision Mem- claim a new doctrine in world affairs. united in its determination to take bers of Congress make. Each course of America must understand it cannot away that arsenal, and we are affirm- action we consider in Iraq leads us into alone win a war against terrorism. It ing the President’s right and responsi- imperfect, dangerous, and unknown sit- will require allies, friends, and bility to keep the American people uations. But we cannot avoid decision on Iraq. The President cannot avoid de- partners. safe. One of the lessons I learned from American leadership in the world will cision on Iraq. The risks of inaction are fighting in a very different war, at a be further defined by our actions in too high. We are elected to solve prob- different time, is we need the consent Iraq and the Middle East. What begins lems, not just debate them. The time of the American people for our mission in Iraq will not end in Iraq. There will has come to chart a new course in Iraq to be legitimate and sustainable. I do be other ‘‘Iraqs.’’ There will be contin- know what it means, as does Senator and in the Middle East. ued acts of terrorism, proliferating History informs our debate and our HAGEL, to fight in a war where that powers, and regional conflicts. If we do consent is lost, where allies are in decisions. We know tyranny cannot be it right and lead through the U.N., in short supply, where conditions are hos- appeased. We also know our power and concert with our allies, we can set a tile, and the mission is ill-defined. influence are enhanced by both a nobil- new standard for American leadership That is why I believe so strongly be- ity of purpose and the support of allies and international cooperation. The per- fore one American soldier steps foot on and institutions that reinforce an ception of American power is power, Iraqi soil, the American people must international commitment to peace and how our power is perceived can ei- understand completely its urgency. and prosperity. We know war has its ther magnify or diminish our influence They need to know we put our country own dynamic, that it favors neither in the world. The Senate has a con- in the position of ultimate strength ideology, nor democracy, nor tyranny, stitutional responsibility and an insti- and that we have no options, short of that men and women die, and that na- tutional obligation in this effort. war, to eliminate a threat we could not tions and individuals who know war Federalist Paper No. 63 specifically tolerate. are never again the same. notes the responsibilities of the Senate I believe the work we have begun in President Bush has rightly brought in foreign affairs as follows: this Senate, by offering questions, and the case against Iraq back before the An attention to the judgment of other na- not blind acquiescence, has helped put United Nations. Our problems with tions is important to every government for our Nation on a responsible course. It Iraq, as well as terrorism and the two reasons: The one is that independently has succeeded, certainly, in putting worldwide proliferation of weapons of of the merits of any particular plan or meas- Saddam Hussein on notice that he will mass destruction, are not America’s ure, it is desirable, on various accounts, that be held accountable; but it also has put alone. Israel, Iran, Turkey, Saudi Ara- it should appear to other nations as the off- bia, Kuwait, Iraq’s own Kurdish popu- spring of a wise and honorable policy; the the administration on notice we will second is that, in doubtful cases, particu- hold them accountable for the means lation, and other nations and peoples larly where the national councils may be by which we do this. are on the front lines of Saddam Hus- warped by some strong passion or momen- It is through constant questioning we sein’s ambitions for weapons of mass tary interest, the presumed or known opin- will stay the course, and that is a death. ion of the impartial world may be the best course that will ultimately defend our The United Nations, with American guide that can always be followed. What has troops and protect our national secu- leadership, must act decisively to end not America lost by her want of character rity. Saddam Hussein’s decade-long viola- with foreign nations and how many errors and follies would she not have avoided, if the President Kennedy faced a similar tions of U.N. Security Council resolu- justice and propriety of her measures had, in difficult challenge in the days of the tions. every instance, been previously tried by the Cuban missile crisis. He decided not to America’s best case for the possible light in which they would probably appear to proceed, I might add, preemptively. He use of force against Iraq rests with the the unbiased part of mankind?

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.093 S09PT1 S10176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Remarkable words. The resolution told of this long-term commitment, which we know very little and whose before us today should be tried in that risk, and costs of this undertaking. destiny will now be directly tied to same light as the Federalist Papers We should not be seduced by the ex- ours. points out. The original resolution pro- pectations of ‘‘dancing in the streets’’ America cannot trade a new focus on posed by the Bush administration, S.J. after Saddam’s regime has fallen, the Iraq for a lesser effort in the Israeli- Res. 45, would have been a setback for kites, the candy, and cheering crowds Palestinian conflict. The bloodshed be- this institution. It did not reflect the we expect to greet our troops, but in- tween Israel and the Palestinians con- best democratic traditions of either stead, focus on the great challenges tinues, and the danger mounts. Sta- Congressional-Executive relations, or ahead, the commitment and resources bility in Afghanistan is not assured. the conduct of American foreign pol- that will be needed to ensure a demo- We must carry through with our com- icy. cratic transition in Iraq and a more mitment. Stability in this region de- S.J. Res. 46, sponsored by Senators stable and peaceful Middle East. ÷We pends on it. America’s credibility is at LIEBERMAN, WARNER, MCCAIN, and should spend more time debating the stake, and long-term stability in cen- BAYH, is a far more responsible and accost and extent of this commitment, tral and South Asia hangs in the bal- countable document than the one we the risks we may face in military en- ance. started with 3 weeks ago. I congratu- gagement with Iraq, the implications We must also continue to pay close late my colleagues, especially Senators of the precedent of United States mili- attention to North Korea where there LUGAR, BIDEN, and DASCHLE, and the tary action for regime change, and the is no guesswork about nuclear weap- four sponsors of this resolution, for likely character and challenges of a ons. There on the Korean peninsula re- their efforts and leadership in getting post-Saddam Iraq. We have heard pre- side nuclear weapons, ballistic mis- it to this point. cious little from the President, his siles, and 37,000 American troops. De- S.J. Res. 46 narrows the authoriza- team, as well as from this Congress, spite setting the right course for disar- tion for the use of force to all relevant with a few notable exceptions, about mament in Iraq, the administration U.N. resolutions regarding Iraq, and to these most difficult and critical ques- has yet to define an end game in Iraq defending our national interests tions. or explain the extent of the American against the threats posed by Iraq. It in- We need only look to Afghanistan commitment if regime change is re- cludes support for U.S. diplomatic ef- where the Afghan people joyously wel- quired, or describe how our actions in forts at the U.N.; a requirement that, comed our liberation force but, months Iraq might affect our other many inter- before taking action, the President for- later, a fragile transition government ests and commitments around the mally determines that diplomatic or grapples with rebuilding a fractured world. other peaceful means will not be ade- political culture, economy, and coun- I share the hope of a better world quate in meeting our objectives; ref- try. without Saddam Hussein, but we do not erence to the war powers resolution re- However, Iraq, because of its re- really know if our intervention in Iraq quirements; and periodic reports to sources, geography, capabilities, his- will lead to democracy in either Iraq or Congress that include those actions de- tory, and people, offers even more com- elsewhere in the Arab world. America scribed in the section of the Iraq Lib- plications and greater peril and, yes, has continued to take on large, com- eration Act of 1998 regarding assistance greater opportunities and greater plicated, and expensive responsibilities and support for Iraq upon replacement promise. This is the vast unknown, the that will place heavy burdens on all of of Saddam Hussein. This resolution heavy burden that lies ahead. us over the next generation. It may The Senate should not cast a vote in recognizes Congress as a coequal part- well be necessary, but Americans the hopes of putting Iraq behind us so ner in dealing with the threat from should understand the extent of this we can get back to our campaigns or Saddam Hussein’s Iraq. burden and what may be required to If disarmament in Iraq requires the move on to other issues next year. The pay for it and support it in both Amer- use of force, we need to consider care- decision to possibly commit a nation to ican blood and trade. fully the implications and con- war cannot and should not ever be con- As the Congress votes on this resolu- sequences of our actions. The future of sidered in the context of either party tion, we must understand that we have Iraq after Saddam Hussein is also an loyalty or campaign politics. I regret not put Iraqi issues behind us. This is open question. Some of my colleagues that this vote will take place under the just the beginning. The risks should and some American analysts now speak cloud and pressure of elections next not be understated, miscast, or mis- authoritatively of Sunnis, Shiites, and month. Some are already using the understood. Ours is a path of both peril Kurds in Iraq, and how Iraq can be a Iraq issue to gain advantage in polit- and opportunity with many detours test case for democracy in the Arab ical campaigns. It might have been bet- and no shortcuts. world. ter for our vote to have been delayed How many of us really know and un- until after the elections, as it was in We in the Congress are men and derstand much about Iraq, the country, 1990. Authorizing the use of force women of many parts. For me, it is the the history, the people, the role in the against Iraq or any country for any present-day Senator, the former sol- Arab world? I approach the issue of purpose should always be weighed on dier, or concerned father who guides post-Saddam Iraq and the future of de- its own merits, not with an eye on the my judgment and ultimate vote? It is mocracy and stability in the Middle politics of the vote or campaign TV pieces of all, for I am pieces of all. The East with more caution, realism, and a spots. War is too serious, the human responsibilities of each lead me to sup- bit more humility. While the people of price too high, and the implications port the Lieberman-McCain-Warner- the Arab world need no education from unforeseen. Bayh resolution, for which I will vote. America about Saddam’s record of de- While I cannot predict the future, I In the end, each of us who has the ceit, aggression, and brutality, and believe that what we decide in this high honor of holding public office has while many of them may respect and Chamber this week will influence the burden and privilege of decision desire the freedoms the American America’s security and role in the and responsibilities. It is a sacred trust model offers, imposing democracy world for the coming decades. It will we share with the public. We will be through force in Iraq is a roll of the serve as the framework, both inten- held accountable for our actions, as it dice. A democratic effort cannot be tionally and unintentionally, for the must be. maintained without building durable future. It will set in motion a series of Madam President, I yield the floor. Iraqi political institutions and devel- actions and events that we cannot now The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under oping a regional and international understand or control. the previous order, the Senator from commitment to Iraq’s reconstruction. In authorizing the use of force Connecticut is recognized for 20 min- No small task. against Iraq, we are at the beginning of utes. To succeed, our commitment must a road that has no clear end. The votes Mr. DODD. Madam President, before extend beyond the day after to the in Congress this week are votes for an he departs the floor, I commend my months and years after Saddam is intensification of engagement with colleague from Nebraska. I regret—it is gone. The American people must be Iraq and the Middle East, a world of late in the day, and I am sure there is

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.096 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10177 going to be more speechifying tomor- agreements over how, when, and with The resolution now before us is lim- row on this subject matter—but I re- whom we should act to deal with the ited to Iraq, and it contemplates the gret there were not more Members threat posed by Iraq. possibility of resolving this threat present to hear his comments. To have a different answer to these peacefully through the use of diplo- Senator HAGEL is one of the most questions than the President should macy. It also acknowledges the impor- thoughtful Members of this body. When not be considered unpatriotic or par- tance of maintaining our focus on our he talks about the sum of all our parts tisan. Unfortunately, that is the kind continuing war on terrorism as we con- and talks about being a father and a of rhetoric we are hearing too often sider what action to take in Iraq. soldier, it is always in our interest to today. Despite these changes, of course, listen to those who have worn the mili- Let’s be honest. We are less than 30 questions do remain. First and fore- tary uniform into combat when we de- days out from a national congressional most, will the President use the au- bate the issues of war and peace be- election in this country. That is never thority granted by Congress to go it cause they know more than just intel- an easy time for the Congress and the alone? Or will he take the time to build lectually and theoretically what the executive branch to come together on the international coalition that the price can be. much of anything, let alone the ques- overwhelming majority of Americans I believe I should give my remarks tion of war and peace. believe is the better course of action to because I have written these things Some in this Chamber have said the follow? out, but I can associate myself with eve of an election is in fact the best If he chooses to go it alone, I believe the comments of my friend from Ne- time for Members of Congress to make that will be a terrible mistake, and I braska. He pretty much couches a lot decisions such as these. I could not dis- think millions of others in this country of my thinking on how this has agree more. As my good friend and col- do as well. Given the geography and evolved, where we are, what we have league, Senator BYRD, has passionately the politics of the region in the Middle come to this evening, the pace at which reminded us every day this week, forc- East, I do not see how the United we are moving, the regrets I feel about ing a vote on this issue so close to an States could engage Iraq militarily, how I wish this debate were being con- election will, whether we like it or not, without the help of others, without se- ducted under circumstances other than embroil the issue in politics more than riously undermining our chances of on the eve of an election in this coun- usual. success. And it would be terribly desta- The campaign ads running across try where already the campaign spots bilizing to the entire region. this country speak for themselves. are running wildly one way or the There are many reasons for acting Forcing Congress’s hand on this impor- other in terms of where people are. So with international support. I commend the Senator for his com- tant matter does a disservice, I believe, I have already commended the Presi- ments this afternoon on this subject to the American public and to this dent for his decision to look first to the matter. most profound and serious debate. But United Nations to answer these ques- I come this afternoon to speak about now we have no choice but to consider tions. On September 12, speaking be- the subject which is on the minds not the matter and to vote on the issues of fore the United Nations General As- only of all of us but I think millions of this utmost gravity, the issues of war sembly, President Bush enumerated our constituents across the country, and peace and of life and death, for Iraq’s repeated failures to meet its the possibility of going to war against those who will engage in it. international obligations. Iraq. The President has asked Congress to The U.N. has been a valued body for grant him the authority to use force On Monday night, President Bush, I the last one-half of the 20th century. It think, spoke for all of us. I know of no against Iraq, if he deems it necessary, has not always done what we wanted. one who really disagrees at all. He de- and Congress will provide the President It has not always acted deliberately. It scribed Saddam Hussein as a homicidal with the authority to respond effec- has not always acted with the kind of dictator who is addicted to weapons of tively to the threat posed by Iraq. But force and direction that many of us mass destruction. It is that addiction we will do so only after careful consid- wish it would have. But think what the that demands a strong response. We all eration of all of the stakes involved. world would have looked like over the agree on that. There is no question My colleagues, Senator BYRD, Sen- last 50 years had there not been a that Iraq possesses biological and ator KENNEDY, Senator LEVIN, and oth- United Nations to have a forum where chemical weapons and that he seeks to ers, have done an outstanding job of the world gathers to try to resolve the acquire additional weapons of mass de- highlighting their questions and construction, including nuclear weapons. cerns, reflecting the questions and con- many conflicts that confront us. It has not served our interests well to That is not in debate. I also agree with cerns raised by millions of Americans have national leadership ridicule this President Bush that Saddam Hussein is across political and economic lines, institution. We are the founders, in a threat to peace and must be dis- across geographic lines in this country; many ways, of the U.N. system. It was armed, to quote President Bush di- questions and concerns regarding the rectly. I suspect virtually every Mem- use of force and the resolution the the great leaders in the post-World War ber of this Chamber would not vary too President originally sent to Congress, a II period who insisted we try to frame much with those conclusions. number of these concerns which I think an international body where we might How imminent that threat is, unfor- many of us share. resolve disputes other than going tunately, has been extremely difficult Many of us believe the language of through what we did throughout World to assess. This is because of a troubling the President’s original request was War II. My hope would be that as dark new trend by the intelligence agencies too far reaching, empowering the as these clouds may seem as we debate to not just give us information and ob- President to use all means necessary and consider the issue of Iraq, that this jective analysis but, in my opinion, too that he would determine appropriate, may be an opportunity for the institu- often to insert themselves into policy- including force, to restore peace and tion of the United Nations to mature making. That is not their job. It is not stability to the region. That was an into the 21st century role it must if we the job of the intelligence agencies to open invitation for an American mili- are going to succeed in the efforts make policy. It is their job to provide tary involvement in the broad context against terrorism, the efforts against others in the executive branch and the of the Middle East. And the language Iraq or other problems that will Congress with neutral information, was far too unilateral. It did not even emerge, without any question, in the with facts on which we will ultimately mention a role for the United Nations coming years. base our policy judgments. or our allies. My hope will be that this U.N. will This is a very troubling trend, in my Thanks to the efforts of our congres- look at what we are doing, listen to view, which I believe ought to stop. If sional leaders—and I commend specifi- what we are saying as one nation, and we are to go to war, it is even more im- cally Senator DASCHLE and others—we consider how important its role must portant that we trust the information now have a compromise resolution, a be in the coming weeks and months. If given by the intelligence agencies. modified resolution, correcting many there ever were a set of circumstances Nevertheless, this week we are debat- of the evident flaws in the initial reso- that justified U.N. action, I believe it is ing because there are profound dis- lution that was sent to us. now on Iraq, without any question.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.098 S09PT1 S10178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 If the framework of international I state for the record I do not hold so is currently long. The real risk law, developed at the U.N. over the last some ironclad view that the United emerges should Saddam Hussein be- 50 years to protect peace and security, States should never use force or act lieve an attack by the United States is is to stand, then the U.N. must act alone. And I believe that the President imminent. That is according to press with leadership. It is my sincere hope of the United States already has the accounts today. that the President has the patience and authority as Commander in Chief to I hope the President does not see the staying power to make the U.N. work deploy military force to protect Amer- passage of a resolution in the Congress in support of our interests. ica against all imminent threats. The as a termination state for his efforts at There is also no question that the pending resolution recognizes this re- the United Nations but rather as a sign President’s speech, in which he called ality. The fact is, unless force is a real of unity and support of continued ef- for a more engaged U.N., got Saddam option, our resolution will not have the fort by the United States to elicit fur- Hussein’s attention. Iraq quickly an- credibility needed to, once and for all, ther action by the United Nations. nounced its willingness to permit get Saddam Hussein’s full attention on Senators BIDEN, LUGAR, Senator weapons inspections beginning as early this matter. HAGEL and others crafted an approach as the middle of October. As I said earlier, I accept the propo- to this issue that I found extremely At the end of the day, I suspect Iraq sition that we must deal with the Iraqi constructive. I regret the administra- will accept whatever terms are ulti- threat. I stand prepared, as almost all tion did not endorse their ideas. This mately contained in a final version of of our colleagues do, to support the week’s debate would be far less conten- the U.N. resolution now under consid- unilateral use of force against Iraq but tious had they done so. Their idea was, eration. To be credible, however, that only if U.N. or other multinational ef- of course, to focus on the weapons of resolution must have teeth. It must be forts prove ineffective, or if Saddam mass destruction, a multilateral force, enforceable, by military means, if nec- Hussein is using them as a guise to re- unilateral action if the U.N. efforts or essary, should Iraq fail to comply with build his offensive weapons capabili- multilateral efforts failed and serious any new disarmament regime. ties. thoughts about what you do to win the I also have questions about the ulti- We still have time to do this right. peace after the conflict is over. That mate goal of U.S. strategy, what it is Mr. WARNER. At the appropriate idea will not be offered as an alter- and what it ought to be. Is it the de- time, could I pose a question on the native. I regret that is the case. It is an struction of Iraqi weapons of mass de- United Nations to my colleague? idea that I found potentially rather at- struction or the Iraqi regime itself? Mr. DODD. After I complete my re- tractive. Secretary of State Colin Powell was de- marks. Some very important elements of the finitive before the Senate Foreign Re- We still have time to do this right. Biden-Lugar draft resolution have been lations Committee in saying—and I We should have an opportunity to de- incorporated in the White House com- quote him—regime change for its own bate and vote on all meaningful alter- promise language. I commend the sake was not the administration’s goal. natives to the pending resolution, re- White House, those that have been in- Specifically, he stated: gardless of parliamentary technical- volved in crafting this resolution for If Iraq was to disarm as a result of an in- ities. For that reason, I join with my including this language. spection regime that gave us and the Secu- rity Council confidence that it had been dis- colleague, Senator BYRD, in opposing First in this resolution there is an armed, I think it unlikely that we would find cloture when we vote on this issue to- acknowledgment of U.S. efforts within a casus belli. morrow. I am not persuaded that the the United Nations Security Council to Many Members are still very con- situation is so dire that a few more forge international agreement on a cerned that President Bush has regime days or an additional week of delibera- prompt and decisive strategy to compel change on his mind. If anything, Mon- tions at the U.N. will be harmful to our Iraqi compliance and the explicit con- day night’s speech clarified this posi- interests. gressional endorsement of such evi- tion when he said that ‘‘regime change I have been in this body 22 years. The dence. in Iraq is the only certain means of re- unique role of the Senate is the role of Second, the requirement that the moving a great danger to our Nation.’’ debate, unlimited debate. It is what President make several important de- I hope the President will heed the ad- makes us fundamentally different from terminations before exercising any vice of his Secretary of State and keep the Chamber down the hall. If there are military option; namely, ‘‘that further our eye on the ball. Iraq’s weapons of Members of this body who wish to be diplomatic or other peaceful means mass destruction should be our imme- heard and wish to offer meaningful alone will not adequately protect the diate threat or seen as our immediate ideas to something as critical as this, national security of the United threat, not some two-bit dictator that then asking this body to take a few States.’’ And that our efforts to fight Saddam Hussein is. It is the weapons of more days to weigh and discuss those international terrorism will not be un- mass destruction; but for those we matters ought not to be denied. We are dermined by military action against would not be here debating or dis- invoking cloture too often. I know peo- Iraq. Those determinations are going cussing the matter we are this evening. ple are interested in efficiency, but if to be extremely important. Finally, I still have concerns about efficiency was the only goal of the Third, and most importantly, the how the President intends to manage Founding Fathers, they never would narrowing of the President’s authority the war on terrorism if we confront have created this body to begin with. to use force to specifically defend the Iraq militarily. September 11 revealed They understood the importance of de- national security of the United States Saddam Hussein is not the only or per- bate and discussion when a matter of against a threat posed by Iraq’s posses- haps even the greatest threat to our this magnitude and this significance is sion of weapons of mass destruction. As national security. Those who hold no before the American public. I noted earlier, Secretary Colin Powell allegiance to any state, who have no I don’t know how many others intend made it clear in testimony before the name or return address, are a far great- to support my colleague from West Vir- Senate and in remarks elsewhere, that er threat to America and the American ginia, but I do, not because I nec- it is Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction way of life. As recent arrests in Buf- essarily agree with him in his final that is the threat to our national secu- falo, NY, and Portland, OR, remind us, conclusion, but I stand to defend his rity. If Iraq disarms or is disarmed, these threats are not always in some right to be heard and to see to it that then the immediate threat to our secu- distant land. The United States acting he has the opportunity to exhaust his rity would evaporate and force would without global support could divert our ideas, to share them not only with Sen- not be necessary. The benefits of that military intelligence assets away from ators but with the American people. I outcome should be obvious to all. our global effort to combat terrorism hope cloture will not necessarily be in- Finally, the new language recognizes and to uproot terrorist organizations. voked prematurely. the need to have in place an effective It could also weaken the multilateral Our own CIA Director states the like- exit strategy should military force coalition forged over the last 12 lihood of Iraq using weapons of mass prove unavoidable. These changes in months to combat this international destruction against the United States the original text of the resolution are scourge. or passing them off to terrorists to do extremely important. Without them, I

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.101 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10179 would not be able to consider support the Senator from Kansas, Mr. ROBERTS, Mr. REID. I will speak to Senator of this legislation. that Senator DAYTON be recognized for BYRD. Senator LIEBERMAN has an Let me sum up where this Senator 15 minutes; following that, Senator amendment on which he has talked for stands on this. I support Senator FRIST be recognized for 15 minutes; fol- about a week or more. We will have to BYRD’s motion because more time is lowing Senator FRIST, Senator DOMEN- get consent to set Senator BYRD’s needed. It is not a burden on this body ICI be recognized for 20 minutes; and, amendment aside, or dispose of Senator to consider questions and to listen to following that, Senator LEVIN be recog- BYRD’s amendment prior to that time. Members. We should not be cut off in nized for 30 minutes. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I will debate in being heard on a matter of Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, there is work in consultation with leadership this importance and significance. I re- no objection. on that side. gret Senators BIDEN and LUGAR and While the leader is in the Chamber— Does the Senator think there is an others have not moved forward with I had the opportunity to speak with the option by which Senator LEVIN’s their proposal. It was the most com- leader just a minute ago—the pending amendment can be disposed of? prehensive approach, in my view, to amendment is by the distinguished Mr. REID. Yes. He follows Senator dealing with the questions of weapons Senator from West Virginia, Mr. BYRD. DOMENICI. of mass destruction, U.N. involvement I hope, in order to keep the momentum Mr. WARNER. Just a rough calcula- in the aftermath of the conflict. going on this bill, that we can move tion—would that be at approximately 8 Third, I think every effort ought to forward towards debate on that amend- o’clock? be made to resolve this threat as peace- ment and its terms such that, should Mr. REID. No. That will be approxi- fully as possible. there be those on our side who wish to mately an hour from now, or an hour Fourth, that if military force be- table or otherwise move along—we and twenty minutes from now. It would comes necessary, every effort must be have 13 amendments here, and a num- be about a quarter to 7. made to do it multilaterally either ber of them have been determined by Mr. WARNER. Give or take an hour through the U.N. or multilateral coali- the Parliamentarian to be germane. here or there. Nevertheless, what the tions. Given cloture tomorrow, of which the leader is indicating is that there is a Fifth, I believe the more immediate assistant leader is familiar, I am just possibility that amendment could be threat is international terrorism, and suggesting strongly that the Byrd acted upon tonight by vote. that such a threat can only be con- amendment be the pending amend- Mr. REID. Senator LEVIN has indi- tained through collective action. ment. cated he would like to dispose of that Sixth, if we must act unilaterally, Is there a possibility in the assistant tonight. then the threat must be clear, grave, leader’s mind that we might address Mr. WARNER. Once again, I think and imminent. that amendment tonight by way of a Last, in cases of preemptive action, Senator LEVIN has several amend- vote? ments. Do we know which one that we must be even more sure the threat Mr. REID. I will be speaking to Sen- might be in this batch of 13? is immediate and grave for the obvious ator BYRD momentarily. Mr. REID. It is the amendment he reasons of setting precedent that other I also say—to make sure everyone has spoken about for several days. I nations may model in conflicts that understands—that the majority leader, don’t know how to identify it more threat everyone around the globe. after the last vote, announced that we The context within which I delib- are going to finish this legislation to- than that. But it is the alternative—I erated over the difficult decision on morrow. Tomorrow takes us into Fri- think is a good way to put it—to the how I would vote on this imperfect res- day morning. But he has indicated we Lieberman amendment. olution has been hard, always being are going to finish this. There is a lot Mr. WARNER. Fine. Perhaps Senator mindful of the dangers that could re- of work to do. But it can be done—it LEVIN, through his staff or others, sult from granting authority contained will be done. There is no question but could indicate at the earliest possible in this resolution. Ultimately, my that we are going to do it. If any Sen- time which of the several amendments main reason for supporting the resolu- ators are waiting around until next it is so we can be prepared to recip- tion is that I believe the chances of week to give their speech, there will be rocate in an active debate and perhaps avoiding war with Iraq are enhanced no next week. reach a conclusion. substantially if this country is united Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, it is ob- Mr. President, I was going to direct a as a nation. vious to the leader, but the amend- question to my colleague from Con- I know members of the United Na- ments, I respectfully say, are on his necticut. tions Security Council are listening to side of the aisle. Therefore, his assist- Mr. REID. Was the unanimous con- this debate very intently and are going ance is vital in helping us move these sent request agreed to? to watch this vote very carefully. amendments along so that they can be The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without American unity will strengthen, I be- given a proper amount of consider- objection, the previous unanimous con- lieve, the President’s hand in con- ation, and before they are acted upon sent request is agreed to. vincing members of the Security Coun- by a vote, for those that require a vote. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I thank cil that the civilized world must act Mr. REID. The reason we have two the leader for his assistance. and must unite in its action. Republicans is in order to balance out My respect for my colleague from Today, in joining with many of my the time. The Senator from Massachu- Connecticut is predicated on many— colleagues in support of this resolu- setts spoke for longer than others have The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tion, I do so in the fervent hope that spoken. Chair reminds the distinguished Sen- this show of unity in authorizing the Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, the dis- ator from Virginia that Senator ROB- President to use force will reduce the tinguished Senator from Nevada, the ERTS is to speak next. likelihood that force will ultimately be assistant leader, has been eminently Mr. WARNER. That is right. We are necessary. fair in working with Senator MCCAIN trying to encourage some colloquy and I yield the floor. and myself in the management of this, questioning. I will not take a long The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NEL- as well as Senator LIEBERMAN who also time. SON of Nebraska). The Senator from has taken quite an active role in the Mr. DODD. I will be brief in my an- Nevada is recognized. management. I think we have had a swer. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I see good debate. The pending amendment Mr. WARNER. I thank the Senator. the distinguished assistant leader. I laid down by the distinguished Senator That will be a salutary moment. We apologize to the Chair. I understand he from West Virginia is a matter that I will get quickly to it. has a unanimous consent request. think should be addressed as early as I read to my friend a quote by Presi- Mr. REID. Yes. Thank you. I know we can possibly arrange, and possibly dent John F. Kennedy in connection the Senator from Kansas is to be recog- dispose of it tonight, one way or the with the Cuban missile crisis of 1962: nized next. other, so that we can move on with this This Nation is prepared to present its case Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- volume of some 13 amendments, many against the Soviet threat to peace and our sent that following the statement of of which are germane. own proposal for a peaceful world, at any

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.104 S09PT1 S10180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 time, in any forum, in the Organization of Senate is so critically important and action consistent with resolutions fol- American States, in the United Nations, or the Founders intended it to be such lowing the Persian Gulf war over a dec- in any other meeting that could be useful that if Members of this body, elected to ade ago. And we are talking about ac- without limiting our freedom of action. this body, feel strongly and passion- tual, transparent, real—real—disar- In looking at the amendments, cer- ately about being heard on this matter mament. tainly one of them proposed by the dis- and have ideas they wish to contribute The second observation I would like tinguished Senator from Michigan says to the debate, we ought to be most re- to make is that one of the crucial rea- very clearly that authorization for the luctant to deprive a Member of this sons both Houses of Congress should use of armed forces is predicated on ac- body of the opportunity to be heard. support the Warner and the Lieberman tion by the United Nations. To me, I understand the significance of mov- resolution, on behalf of the President, that contravenes what President Ken- ing quickly. But it is dangerous indeed as opposed to, I guess, 13 amendments nedy laid down as a form of this. on a matter of this gravity to curtail we are going to be considering—and I Does the Senator think there is any debate to merely try to get a resolu- do not challenge or wish to impugn any basis for subordinating the right of our tion adopted quickly. I want to hear intent on the part of any Member who President to use the Armed Forces, if what my colleagues have to say. I has an amendment on this important he deems it necessary, to action by the know we are going to come to a conclu- issue—but basically one of the crucial United Nations? sion on this fairly quickly. But to cut reasons we should really do our busi- Mr. DODD. I do not know if my col- off debate prematurely I think would ness and support this resolution is that league was listening to my remarks. be a mistake. it will, I think, strengthen the hand of Mr. WARNER. I listened very care- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Secretary of State Powell—he told that fully. ator from Virginia. to us as of this week, both sides of the Mr. DODD. I made the point. Cer- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I share body—in his efforts to convince the tainly my point is that we should try that sentiment. But I remind my col- U.N. Security Council to adopt new to resolve this matter without conflict, league, this Senator was privileged to resolutions, resolutions whose goal if possible. be on the floor last Friday for 5 hours. would be to produce tangible—again, There was some confusion about You were present. You recall that de- not inspections—but inspections that that, when I listened to the Secretary bate. Senator KENNEDY was present. would lead to disarmament. There is of State and the President, as to And Senator BYRD was most active. always that hope, and, obviously, that whether it is regime change or weapons And again there was debate another 5 would be the preferred outcome as op- of mass destruction. There is a lot of or 6 hours on Monday and Tuesday. So posed to military action. confusion in the American public about there has been adequate opportunity. So it seems to me that is the goal of that as well. And there remains opportunity for the resolution we are now considering. Let us assume they are going to Senators to be heard. I hope we do not In that regard, let me stress that we come together and try to resolve that cut off any Senator from the oppor- should act prior—prior—to the U.N. de- without any conflict. It ought to be tunity to speak to this important mat- liberations. We should act first. We done. I think the President’s father did ter. should act in concert. To tie the hands it well and right back in 1991 with a co- I thank the Chair and yield the floor. of this President, or any future Presi- alition. It worked better than imag- I know another Senator is about to dent with regard to matters of vital na- ined. It certainly set a precedent for speak. tional security interests where war or how we are going to deal or should deal The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- peace hang in the balance, to subject with matters in the future. ator from Kansas. him to U.N. approval or action, will I have said the reason I am sup- Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, I constrain the freedom of action on the porting the resolution is that I believe thank my colleagues for their very part of the United States by the very it will strengthen our hand at the learned colloquy to make sure all Sen- countries that are now responsible for United Nations to get them to act with ators have an opportunity to speak on a decade of U.N.—U.N.—inaction and some assertiveness. But I also have this extremely important issue. almost irrelevance. said, at the end of the day, if the secu- As we debate whether to authorize Let us be realistic. Let us be real- rity interests of the United States are the President, basically, to use mili- istic. Saddam Hussein has dem- in jeopardy and there is nothing else to tary force to remove Saddam Hussein onstrated ad nauseam over the last 10 be done in the United Nations, or if from power and to neutralize his years that he will never permit the re- other coalitions would not support us, emerging weapons of mass destruction moval or destruction of his weapons of we will never leave the security of this capability, I would like to offer several mass destruction capability. Here is country, this Nation, vulnerable and observations. my personal view on this. He cannot, solely dependent upon the willingness The first is that the United Nations, and he will not. Now, why? of the international organizations to as an institution, has completely and They are the very source of his au- support us. unequivocally failed to disarm Iraq thority in Iraq as well as the Persian Mr. WARNER. I thank my colleague. consistent with its own resolutions— Gulf. All of his ambitions—I perceive I share that view. I say to my good the resolutions agreed to also by Sad- that he perceives himself as perhaps friend that acting on it now and not dam Hussein—following the Persian the heir apparent or maybe even the further delaying, with this Chamber Gulf war of 1991. The key word here is reincarnation of King and that of the House of Representa- to ‘‘disarm.’’ Nebbuchadnezzar, Pan-Arabia. He has tives, hopefully, acting on identical During debate on this very crucial demonstrated a willingness to use language, can in a strong voice say to issue, I think we have concentrated too weapons of mass destruction both the United Nations that we stand four- much on the concept of ‘‘inspections’’ against his own countrymen and square behind our President in his re- and the possibility of trying to really against other nations. He is a student marks and his request that the United somehow initiate a new inspections re- and protege and follows the example of Nations take strong action. gime. As a matter of fact, if you read Stalin. And he rules by fear. Mr. DODD. Let me respond very all of the newspaper accounts on this So wishful thinking aside—and I have quickly on that. issue, and if you pay attention to the wishful thinking—but wishful thinking I understand the management of bills television, the radio, and the debate, it aside, I do not believe he is ever going here. I spent 9 days on election reform seems to me ‘‘inspections’’ becomes the to give up and disarm—ever. with 46 amendments; 100 were offered. I key word. I don’t think that is the Third, any notion that the United think election reform is a pretty im- case. The key issue is not inspections. States itself is off limits to a massive portant issue. But I don’t think it is The key issue is disarmament. attack by groups that are cooperating more important than the issue we are Again, both Iraq, under the heavy with or supported by Baghdad should discussing today. hand of Saddam Hussein, and the now be gone. It is called sanctuary for My point simply was to say, on mat- United Nations, have failed in the further terrorist attacks against our ters such as this, that the role of the agreed-upon mandate to follow or take homeland. We are not off limits. We

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.106 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10181 are now terrorist targets, as proved by They attacked at the 1993 World Trade Israel, if attacked, simply remain on 9/11 and previous attacks. Center, Khobar Towers, our embassies, the sidelines? Will we see prolonged Fourth, any notion that we have the thwarted—thank goodness—attack combat? Will there be a violent up- time left to coast along as govern- in regard to the Millennium, and, fi- heaval in the Mideast, in the Arab na- ments in Iraq, Iran, or elsewhere con- nally, the U.S.S. Cole. The attacks are tions? tinue to pursue their weapons of mass a microcosm of the challenge we face. What happens if we win? There has destruction programs with the possi- If Iraq and, indeed, other regimes are been a lot of discussion about that. bility, if not intent, to distribute these left unchallenged, my colleagues, it is How long will we have to stay? What technologies to fundamentalist ter- only a matter of time before they kind of infrastructure improvements rorist cells should be gone as well. transfer the capability for weapons of will we have to pay for if, in fact, that I know, while ‘‘hard evidence’’ of an mass destruction to a terrorist cell is the case? What do we win? How do Iraqi role in the attacks of 9/11 may be that will use that capability against you win a war against a tyrant who hard to prove—the so-called smoking the United States. may well destroy his own country and gun—I do not think we can afford to be Now, remember, the criminal justice kill his own people, blame us, or who naive. Particularly in the Middle East, model of gathering evidence and pre- would launch or sponsor a terrorist at- terror groups and states work together senting a case does not apply here. By tack in the United States as a result of when and where their interests are the time you have evidence, it is too our involvement, all in the name of common. And their intent is the de- late. We will not lose buildings and self-preservation? struction of the United States, the thousands of people when that happens. Those are tough questions. Those are murder of our citizens, and the elimi- We will lose whole cities and hundreds very real concerns. The distinguished nation of our influence, real and per- of thousands of people. Senator from West Virginia indicated ceived. Iraq is absolutely a component in the we need more time to answer these Just yesterday, in the continuing in- war against terrorism. Let me try to concerns. How many casualties if, in vestigation of the September 11 attack, make that point. In light of the events fact, we go into military action against in an unclassified—let me stress, un- of September 11, 2001, I believe this Iraq? Mrs. BOXER, the distinguished classified—and public hearing, I asked body has more reason to support action Senator from California, asked the the panel of witnesses—the expert wit- against Iraq than it had in the winter question, how much will it cost? Maybe nesses—what, after 9/11, still kept them of 1991. That is a pretty strong state- it was reversed. Maybe Senator BYRD up at night. And I asked them what ment. Because preventing weapons of asked that question, and Senator policy drum they could or would beat mass destruction from being acquired BOXER asked about casualties. What to bring about a change in policy to by terrorist cells should be the No. 1 about military tactics? I must say that safeguard our own country. policy priority of this Federal Govern- is probably the last thing I hope the The answer was to take away the ter- ment. This means neutralizing regimes Pentagon would share with the Con- rorists’ sanctuary; that we mistakenly that possess or seek such weapons and gress, for obvious reasons. What about think that if we can only bring bin are predisposed to harboring, assisting, the sacrifices in regards to the Amer- Laden to justice, render the al-Qaida sympathizing with the bin Ladens of ican people? How much will it cost? harmless, then we can somehow go the world. That is a real priority for All of these concerns and all of these back to business as usual. us. dangers are real. But, my colleagues, That simply is not the case. I think Yes, there is more than one fun- there are no specific and easy answers an error is being made in the debate on damentalist maniac with a significant to these questions. As much as we this most important topic when we and diverse following. would like otherwise, the intelligence say, now, on one hand, if we do not I support the resolution endorsed by community and the President and the take action in regard to Iraq we can the White House and sponsored by Sen- administration, our military cannot then continue the war against ter- ators LIEBERMAN and WARNER because I provide absolute, specific answers. rorism. The action against Iraq is to think our President realizes—most They can try to be specific, but abso- prevent further sanctuary for ter- Senators realize—what leaders like lute answers? I am sorry. They do pro- rorism. It is inseparable. Abraham Lincoln and Harry Truman vide estimates, based upon the best col- The stark fact of the matter is that realized: No matter what the short- lection and analysis that is possible. danger of another terrorist attack on term consequences would be in regards This debate and the issues at hand this country is still not a matter of if, to politics, American survival must be demand candor. President Bush has it is a matter of when. The distin- assured. It is a first priority. It is our been candid. As the President said, the guished then-chairman of the Armed highest agenda. hope is we don’t have to take military Services Committee, Senator WARNER, There is reasonable concern about action. But if that becomes necessary, remembers full well creating a sub- downside risk. You bet there is. I have it will be difficult. Time after time in committee called the Subcommittee on those concerns. I share those concerns. history, and in repeated testimony Emerging Threats. Three years ago we I have been listening to these concerns from those within our intelligence predicted this would happen, citing during the debate on this subject. We community, we see the greatest risk is past attacks. It is not a matter of if, have had several days of very good de- to do nothing. We are not free unless but when. That condition still exists bate. The President and his national we are free from fear. Americans have today. It is transnational in terms of security team know that. All Members known fear—be it during the Cuban the threat. It involves many terrorist of the House and Senate and all think- missile crisis or in the aftermath of organizations and cells. And, yes, it is ing Americans know that. Yes, there is Pearl Harbor or the attacks on the ongoing. real concern. World Trade Center and Pentagon. We Yesterday, under the heading of les- I am a member of the Armed Services must not, however, accept fear as our sons learned from past terrorist at- Committee and the Select Committee destiny. We must be proactive in re- tacks, the Intelligence Committee once on Intelligence. I have asked question gards to national security. again heard from experts citing a com- after question after question in the We must be preemptive. Yes, preemp- mon thread of transnational, inter- ‘‘what if’’ category. What if Saddam tive, that new doctrine that is causing connected terrorism. At our peril, dif- Hussein uses his weapons of mass de- a rethink of our foreign policy, our ficult connect-the-dots intelligence struction—of course, that means he has military strategy, our politics, our for- analyses did not meet the threshold of reconstituted his weapons of mass de- eign relations. It is a brand new world. a threat warning and were ignored. We struction capability, posing an ever-in- It is an asymmetrical world. It is a were risk averse. The terrorists who creasing threat—what if he uses those world that was written about by Sam- conducted past attacks attacked again. reconstituted weapons of mass destruc- uel P. Huntington when he wrote the There were warnings. They were not tion against our troops, against Gulf book ‘‘The Clash of Civilizations and heeded. They did not meet the cri- State partners that will support us, the Remaking of the World Order,’’ the terion of a threshold of a threat warn- against Israel, or against his own peo- preemption doctrine. Here we are and ing, and we suffered the consequences. ple? He has done that before. Will we are debating it.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.109 S09PT1 S10182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Make no mistake, this has nothing to rity Council responded with Resolution 1060, tion.’’—President John F. Kennedy, Cuban do with partisan rivalry. This is about on June 12, 1996, demanding, again, Iraqi co- missile crisis, address to the nation, Oct. 22, our future, both immediate and long operation, which was not forthcoming. So, 1962 ‘‘I’m waiting for the final recommendation term. This is the state of affairs we on June 21, 1997, the august body duly passed Resolution 1115, which threatened non- of the Security Council before I’m going to leave for our children and our grand- cooperating Iraqi government officials with say how I’m going to vote.’’—Sen. Edward M. children. travel restrictions. This was followed on Oct. Kennedy, Iraq crisis, address to the Johns Senator WARNER just made a state- 23, 1997, by Resolution 1134, which threatened Hopkins School of Advanced International ment on the floor I am going to quote travel restrictions—again—and which Studies, Sept. 27, 2002 again, almost 40 years ago to this date, banned consideration of lifting the U.N. How far the Democrats have come. Forty when President John F. Kennedy ad- sanctions against Iraq until April 1998. years ago to the month, President Kennedy dressed the Nation in regard to the On Oct. 29, Iraq barred American inspec- asserts his willingness to present his case to the United Nations, but also his determina- Cuban missile crisis. He said: tors assigned to UNSCOM from conducting any inspections. So, on Nov. 12, 1997, the tion not to allow the United Nations to con- This nation is prepared to present its case United Nations went right darned ahead and strain America’s freedom of action. Today against the Soviet threat to peace, and our imposed those mean old travel restrictions. his brother, a leader of the same party, own proposals for a peaceful world, at any The next day, Iraq expelled all the American awaits the guidance of the United Nations time and in any forum—in the Organization before he will declare himself on how Amer- of American States, in the United Nations, inspectors. The U.S. House of Representa- tives passed a resolution authorizing the use ica should respond to another nation threat- or in any other meeting that could be use- ening the United States with weapons of ful— of unilateral U.S. military action if necessary. But the measure died in the Senate, mass destruction. Ted Kennedy is not alone. Much of the Here is the key phrase: of inattention. . . . without limiting our freedom of ac- In November 1997, Russia brokered a com- leadership of the Democratic Party is in the tion. promise that allowed UNSCOM to resume thrall of the United Nations. War and peace hang in the balance. The world waits to see some temporary and sharply limited inspec- In that regard, I hope we follow what the American people, in Congress as- tions. In February 1998, U.N. Secretary Gen- President Kennedy’s advice. I urge my sembled, will say. These Democrats say: eral Kofi Annan put together a second com- colleagues to support the resolution in- Wait, we must find out what the United Na- promise, by which Iraq agreed to allow introduced by Senators WARNER and tions say first. spections with the proviso that it be allowed The chairman of the Senate Armed Serv- LIEBERMAN and to oppose the various 13 to protect ‘‘presidential sites’’ from undue amendments that would weaken the ices Committee, Carl Levin, would enshrine indignity. Iraq designated eight large tracts such lunacy in legislation, no less. He would resolution and our resolve. of land (containing more than 1,000 build- I ask unanimous consent that an ar- not even authorize the use of force without ings) as ‘‘presidential sites.’’ Inspectors prior U.N. approval. Why? What exactly does ticle entitled ‘‘A Chronology of Defi- could visit these sites only after announcing U.N. approval mean? ance’’ by Michael Kelly; an article the visit in advance and informing the Iraqis It cannot mean the U.N. General Assem- called ‘‘The Myth of U.N. Support’’ by of the composition of the visiting team—nu- bly, which is an empty debating society. It Charles Krauthammer; and an article, clear, chemical or biological inspectors. In means the Security Council, Now, the Secu- ‘‘The Weight of American Empire,’’ appreciation of this joke, the Clinton admin- rity Council has five permanent members istration supported lifting the travel ban on which talks in detail about the new and 10 rotating members. Among the rotat- Iraq and resuming sanction reviews. ing members is Syria. How can any senator policy of preemption, by John Keegan, In August 1998, Iraq barred UNSCOM from stand up and tell the American people that be printed in the RECORD. inspecting any new facilities. The Senate before deciding whether America goes to war There being no objection, the mate- and House passed a resolution, signed on against a rogue state such as Iraq, it needs rial was ordered to be printed in the Aug. 14, declaring Iraq to be in ‘‘material to hear the ‘‘final recommendation’’ of RECORD, as follows: breach’’ of the cease-fire. On Sept. 9, the Se- Syria, a regime on the State Department’s [From the Washington Post, Sept. 18, 2002] curity Council adopted Resolution 1194, sus- official terrorist list? pending sanction reviews. On Oct. 30, the Or maybe these senators are awaiting the A CHRONOLOGY OF DEFIANCE council offered Iraq yet another chance to wisdom of some of the other nonpermanent (By Michael Kelly) have the sanctions lifted if it complied with members. Cameroon? Mauritius? Guinea? ‘‘U.N. Inspectors Can Return Uncondition- inspections, but Iraq spurned the offer and Certainly Kennedy and Levin cannot be say- ally, Iraq Says,’’ the headline reads. This, to announced the cessation of all cooperation ing that we must not decide whether to go to put it mildly, and in the words of an old and with UNSCOM. A very angry Security Coun- war until we have heard the considered opin- apt phrase, shall not stand. cil passed the very fierce Resolution 1205, ion of countries that none of their colleagues Consider the following darkly comic tale, which called Iraq’s action a ‘‘flagrant viola- can find on a map. mostly taken from the Congressional Re- tion’’ of the February 1998 agreement. A Okay. So we are not talking about these search Service: very, very angry President Clinton very, dots on the map. We must be talking about On March 3, 1991, the coalition forces of the very fiercely threatened airstrikes. On Nov. the five permanent members. The United Persian Gulf War signed the Safwan accords, 14, Iraq agreed to cooperate. President Clin- States is one. Another is Britain, which sup- ending hostilities in the insane conflict Iraq ton promptly canceled the airstrikes. port us. That leaves three. So when you hear had forced. On April 3, the United Nations On Dec. 15, 1998, UNSCOM announced that senators grandly demand the support of the passed Security Council Resolution 687 re- Iraq had refused to hand over key weapons- ‘‘international community,’’ this is what quiring Iraq to end its weapons-of-mass-de- program documents and was, again, imped- they mean: France, Russia and China. struction programs, recognize Kuwait, acing inspections. UNSCOM inspectors with- As I recently asked in this space, by what count for missing Kuwaitis, return Kuwaiti drew from the country and the United States logic does the blessing of these countries be- property and end support for international and Britain bombed Iraqi military and secu- stow moral legitimacy on American action? terrorism. Iraq immediately began a decade- rity targets for several days. UNSCOM never China’s leaders are the butchers of long pattern of defiance, alternating with went back into Iraq. On Dec. 17, 1999, the Se- Tiananmen Square. France and Russia will stalling, tactical capitulation and more defi- curity Council passed Resolution 1284 estab- decide the Iraq question based on the coldest ance. This was particularly so concerning lishing a new inspection body, UNMOVIC, calculation of their own national interest, what remains the central issue: the demand and offering Iraq the suspension of most meaning money and oil. that it destroy its weapons of mass destruc- sanctions in exchange for a resumption of in- Everyone in the Senate wants a new and tion and stop developing new ones. spections. In February 2001, Iraq entered into tough inspection regime in Iraq: anytime, To enforce and conduct inspections, the talks with the U.N. secretary general on this anywhere, unannounced. Yet these three United Nations created a special commis- basis, ‘‘but the talks made little progress.’’ countries, whose approval the Democrats sion, UNSCOM, which went to work in April I’d say the current Iraqi offer can be dis- crave, are responsible for the hopelessly di- 1991. Almost immediately, Iraq began imped- pensed with, oh, now. luted and useless inspection regime that now ing the inspections. The United Nations re- exists. sponded by passing its first resolution-to-en- [From the Washington Post, Oct. 4, 2002] They spent the 1990s doing everything they force-the-resolution, Resolution 707, on Aug. could to dismantle the Gulf War mandate to THE MYTH OF U.N. SUPPORT 15, which ordered Iraq to comply with unfet- disarm Saddam Hussein. The Clinton admin- tered inspections of all sites and to make full (By Charles Krauthammer) istration helplessly acquiesced, finally ap- disclosure of all of its suppliers to its pro- ‘‘This nation is prepared to present its case proving a new Security Council resolution in gram for weapons of mass destruction. On against the Soviet threat to peace, and our 1999 that gave us the current toothless in- Oct. 11, the United Nations also passed Reso- own proposals for a peaceful world, at any spections regime. France, Russia and China, lution 715, which established a long-term time and in any forum—in the Organization mind you, refused to support even that reso- monitoring program. of American States, in the United Nations, lution; they all abstained because it did not Some success ensued, but Iraq resumed im- or in any other meeting that could be use- make yet more concessions to Saddam Hus- peding inspections in March 1996. The Secu- ful—without limiting our freedom of ac- sein.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.112 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10183 After a decade of acting as Saddam Hus- Students of the Cold War perceived that it Mr. ROBERTS. I yield the floor. sein’s lawyers on the Security Council, these imposed, for all the rhetoric of nuclear The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- countries are now to be the arbiters of Amer- threat and counter-threat, an artificial sta- ator from Nevada. ica’s new and deadly serious effort to ensure bility in international relations. The exist- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- Iraqi disarmament. ence of two superpowers, and the confronta- imous consent that the time that Sen- So insist leading Democrats. Why? It has tion between them, obliged almost all states no moral logic. It has no strategic logic. to choose sides—and, having chosen, to ac- ator DAYTON had under the order that Forty years ago, we had a Democratic presi- cept a consequent restraint on their foreign had been entered be given to the chair- dent who declared that he would not allow military power. The superpowers offered pro- man of the Foreign Relations Com- the United Nations or any others to tell the tection to their clients. But they also ex- mittee, Senator BIDEN. United States how it would defend itself. pected and got a measure of obedience. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Would that JFK’s party had an ounce of his In no respect was that more true than in objection, it is so ordered. confidence in the wisdom and judgment of the acquisition of weapons of mass destruc- Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I have America, deciding its own fate by its own tion, particularly nuclear weapons. On what- time tomorrow to speak, too. I will lights, regardless of the wishes of France. ever else they did not agree, the United Or Cameroon. States and Soviet Union—as the world’s only make a much longer speech on my fully equipped nuclear powers—concurred views on this subject. [From the Washington Post, Oct. 6, 2002] that possession of nuclear weapons should be There used to be a trial lawyer I THE WEIGHT OF AMERICAN EMPIRE confined to the smallest possible number of practiced law under. I used to sit in the (By John Keegan) states. From their points of view, the ideal counsel chair next to him and watch number would have been two. But failing WARMINSTER, ENGLAND.—The statement of how he tried cases. He used to say to America’s ability to constrain its wartime principles that will guide the national secu- the jury, when he started the case, his nuclear partner, Britain (which had acquired rity strategy of the United States during the opening statement, he would say: I most of the necessary expertise to build war on terrorism, and against states that ac- bombs), and then France (which could not want you to keep your eye on the ball. quire weapons of mass destruction for nefar- bear the indignity of nuclear inferiority to I want you to focus on the issue at ious purposes, is presented in the language of its ancient enemy), the United States reluc- hand. American statecraft at its most traditional. tantly accepted a troika of Western nuclear He would turn to his client, who The allusions from the past proliferate—al- powers. The Soviet Union would have pre- lusions to the Four Freedoms, to the Atlan- sometimes was not the most admirable ferred to remain the only communist nuclear tic Charter, even to President Woodrow Wil- of people, who may have been innocent power, but China’s size and strength pre- son’s Fourteen Points. The values that but not admirable. And he would say: I vented Moscow from constraining Beijing. want you to take a look at my client. President Bush promises to defend with all Thus the nuclear balance of the Cold War the power at his disposal are central to the years was established on a basis of five pow- You wouldn’t invite my client home for American way—democratic self-government, ers; and, as each was a stable state, experi- dinner. You wouldn’t want your daugh- free association, freedom of expression, equal enced in the ways of the world, the tacit ter going out with my client. As a mat- rights for individuals. It is a very American, agreement between the superpowers to main- ter of fact, I wouldn’t even go have a and very old-fashioned, document. tain world order worked. Indeed, it survived At the same time, it makes commitments cup of coffee with him after this. The even unilateral superpower efforts to win that are unprecedented in the language of question is not whether or not he is a local wars at the boundary between the American national policy. To put it bluntly, homely guy or a bad guy, or whether or spheres of influence—Vietnam, Afghanistan, the president makes threats. He warns ter- Angola. not he is a guy who you would like to rorists that they will be opposed by every The more farsighted observers perceived, have as a friend. weapon and every means at America’s dis- however, that, should the Cold War ever The question is, did he kill Cock posal. That might be expected and is no more come to and end, so would the stability it Robin? Keep your eye on the ball. What than terrorists deserve. had imposed. While most states, particularly But he also warns that states that harbor is going to happen here is you are the richer and longer-established ones, would terrorists—or are compromised by ter- going to have the State coming in say- choose to go on as before, a minority of oth- rorism—will be held to account, by which he ing this is a bad guy. He is an ugly guy. ers, those with grievances against their means military account. He goes on to say Look at him, he doesn’t dress very neighbors or with their standing in the world that enemies of the United States who are order, would rebel. They would try to be- well. Look at him, he is not very ami- preparing weapons of mass destruction (en- come local superpowers and they would chal- able. Keep your eye on the ball. emies unspecified but by implication already lenge the right of the United States and Rus- Just listening to my friend from Kan- identified by the Pentagon and State Depart- sia, the Soviet Union’s successor, to main- sas and others today, I think we are ment) will find themselves targets of U.S. ac- tain the old Cold War order. kind of taking our eye off the ball. To- tion, even if—and this is a particularly men- So it has turned out. The emergence of morrow I will go into this in great de- acing note—such preparations are not com- India and Pakistan as nuclear powers, plete and the threats to American and its al- tail. But let’s remind ourselves why are though undesirable, was predictable and is we here right now. Why are we here, lies are not fully formed. containable. They deter each other. The No doubt it is America’s readiness to make dissidences of Iraq and of Chechnya are of a notwithstanding the fact Senator threats that contributes to the anti-Ameri- different order. Chechnya, traditionally dis- LIEBERMAN and Congressman GEP- canism now rampant in Europe. Fifty years ruptive of Russia’s efforts to maintain order HARDT went down and stood with the of peace have skewed the European outlook in its borderlands, is a menace and Moscow President of the United States and said on the world. Apart from some minor Balkan deserves Washington’s support in its effort they adopted a resolution? That is not troubles, Europeans have not known war to bring the Chechens under control. Iraq is why we are here today. We are not here since 1945, and they have fallen into the a far more serious problem, since it is a com- habit of viewing war as an alien activity to because of that. We are here because of paratively advanced state and potentially what the President told us. Everybody which they have found a superior alter- very rich. Under a regime that would cooper- native—the building of pan-European insti- ate with the international community, it remember, keep your eye on the ball. tutions, free trade and the convening of tedi- would be nothing but a force for good in the The President said he has not decided ous international conferences. They conven- Middle East. Its society is not Islamic and whether or not we are going to go to iently forget the threat posed until 1990 by its population is well educated. But because war. He said it is his hope that we not the vanished Soviet Union and they show no power in Iraq has, lamentably, passed to a go to war. It is his hope it can be avoid- appreciation at all of the effort and expense megalomaniac and his hometown clique, it ed. Yet, for the first time in the his- undertaken by the United States in acting as has become exactly what students of post- tory of the United States of America, the leading military member of NATO during Cold War politics feared the future might in my judgment, the President of the the Cold War. bring at its worst. There can be no doubt that the American Unspoken in Bush’s national security doc- United States is asking for the Con- approach to the future is far more realistic ument is the idea that small, unstable, self- gress to give him the equivalent of a than the European and would have been so, if seeking states under dictatorial control declaration of war—to go to war—be- stated, even before the Sept. 11 attacks. In- must not be allowed to acquire nuclear weap- fore the President has made up his deed, the logic of President Bush’s statement ons. Iraq happens merely to be the first in mind. He has not made up his mind. depends less on the emergence of terrorism that category to appear. Its pretensions to Keep your eye on the ball. Follow the as a serious threat to civilized states, or nuclear power must be quashed. But—and bouncing ball like in the old Lawrence even on Saddam Hussein’s specific defiance this is the real import of the president’s of U.N. resolutions requiring him to admit statement—so must similar pretensions, if Welk days. A, the President has not de- weapons inspectors, than it does on factors and when they appear, forever. The president cided whether or not to go to war; B, already apparent as the Cold War was draw- has committed his country to a fearsome the President says give me the author- ing to its close. duty. It will never go away. ity to go to war; C, we say on what

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:15 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.035 S09PT1 S10184 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 basis do you want to go to war, Mr. case you are all wondering—and I know ticulated, no matter how well formu- President? my colleagues are not, because they lated a foreign policy is, it cannot be The details matter. If, for example, know the score and they are thinking sustained without the informed con- we leave here, setting a precedent, sug- about both of those things—both of sent of the American people. What is gesting the reason we might go to war those countries could conceivably being asked of them? The American is because of this new doctrine of pre- reach that conclusion. It’s not an im- people do not know what is going to be emption, which no one has explained— possibility, if the most powerful Nation asked of them yet. no one has explained it. I sat at the in the world establishes an unnecessary I am fully confident if the President White House, I say to my friend from doctrine. So let’s keep our eye on the decides, in concert with others, war is Virginia, with Dr. Rice for hours. Dr. ball. necessary, he will have to inform them Rice said it is no different than what Why are we being asked to do this— before he launches it. I say that be- has always been the policy of the U.S. to give the President the kind of mo- cause he personally told me that. I Well, if that is the case, then I don’t mentum he needs to allow the Sec- asked him. My friend from Virginia have any problem. The President al- retary of State to convince the Secu- may have been at the leadership meet- ways has the right to act preemptively rity Council to do what they should do ing 3 weeks ago in the cabinet room if we are in imminent danger. If they in the first place? when the President turned to me after are coming up over the hill, he can re- The second point I would like to others had spoken and said, ‘‘Mr. spond; if troops are coming out of Ti- make is this: We are, right now, talk- Chairman, will you be with me?’’ I juana, heading north, we can respond; ing about preemption, when there is no said, ‘‘Mr. President, I will be with you if they are coming down from Toronto, need for any doctrine of preemption to on the condition that you do two we can respond; if missiles are on their justify us going against Iraq with oth- things: One, you make every effort pos- way, we can respond. But that is not ers, or alone, if need be. Let’s get the sible to do this under the auspices of the way I hear it being used here. We facts straight. There is a guy named the U.N. or the coalition, like we did in are talking about preemption, as if we Saddam Hussein who, in the early Kosovo; and you inform the American people that it is going to require sub- are adopting a policy. As Dr. Kissinger 1990s, broke international law, invaded stantial American forces and substan- said before our committee, that will another country, violating every rule tial American money to stay in Iraq undo an agreement the Western World of international law. The world, under after Saddam Hussein is down.’’ He made in the early 1640s at the end of the leadership of a President named looked at me in the presence of every- the religious wars in Europe, which Bush, united and expelled him from body and said, ‘‘I will do that.’’ So I said no country has a right to preemp- that country. Upon expulsion, he said a tively move against another country take him at his word. condition for your being able to remain I lay you 8 to 5, if you go home and because they think they are going to in power, Saddam Hussein, is you sue ask your constituents who say they are be bad guys. for peace and you agree to the fol- for war—ask them the following ques- So this is a pretty big deal. Words lowing terms of surrender. Those terms tion: How long do you think we are matter. And so I say to my friends, of surrender, unlike with the Treaty of going to have to keep American forces let’s go back. Why did the President Versailles and other treaties where sur- in Iraq? I will lay you 8 to 5 that 90 per- ask us for a resolution when he sent up render comes about, were in the form cent will look at you with a blank the draft resolution? Why? He stated of concessions to the U.N., to the stare and ask: What do you mean, stay forthrightly why. He said: Because I world. So he signed onto a number of in Iraq? What are you talking about, need to demonstrate that I have sup- resolutions. stay in Iraq? They have no notion. Sen- port in order not to go to war. That is If the world decides it must use force ator DODD, Senator SARBANES, and I, what he said. He said: You, the Con- for his failure to abide by the terms of and the Foreign Relations Committee gress, give me overwhelming support. surrender, then it is not preempting, it held several very good hearings. At one Then the U.N. will know I mean it. is enforcing. It is enforcing, it is fin- hearing, we had the fellow who headed Then the Security Council will say if ishing a war he reignited, because the up the office in the Pentagon as to we don’t, he will, so we better. That is only reason the war stopped is he sued what we do after we win the war—plan- the reason why we are here. That is the for peace. ning. We had two other military ex- reason, I remind my colleague from So, for Lord’s sake, anybody who de- perts. Connecticut and my friend from Vir- cides to vote for this resolution, please Do my colleagues know what they ginia, why we are here. Otherwise, it is do not rest it on this cockamamie no- told us? They probably told you the ridiculous—a President saying I don’t tion of preemption. You will rue the same thing in Armed Services Com- know whether I want to go to war yet, day. If that is the precedent we estab- mittee. It is probable we will have to but declare it. lish for our own safety’s sake, you will keep at least 75,000 American forces in So I hope people don’t start con- rue the day. Iraq for at least 1 year at a cost of $19 fusing things on this floor. I may not The third point I want to make about billion. Maybe it will not be 75,000. be around here after November—I hope keeping your eye on the ball here is— Maybe it will be 25,000; maybe 105,000. I I am; I am up for reelection, but I don’t the fact of the matter is the President do not know. But we have an obliga- want to be on this floor 6 years from of the United States has not yet, A, tion to tell our constituents. now and have someone stand up and in- made the decision about going to war As I said to my good friend, Mr. accurately say, by the way, back in the and, B, if he decides to go to war, he BROWNBACK, who is on our committee, year 2002, in October, we adopted a pol- has not made the case to the American in one of our hearings: Everything may icy of preemption. Therefore, even people. go smoothly. And I think there is a though we are in no imminent danger, Let me explain what I mean by that possibility it could happen. If we have even though there is no violation of before my colleagues jump all over it. to go to war, everything may go any international rule, we think the He made a clear case to the U.N. that smoothly, and once he is down and does country of Xanadu are bad guys and we by the standards of the United Nations, not use chemical weapons, the army are invading. That would be a serious this man, Saddam Hussein, has flouted surrenders and the Republican Guard mistake. Let me tell you why—not be- the rules of the U.N.—absolutely an crumbles, and he is assassinated on the cause as an American and as President, overwhelming case. Then he came way out of town, and we get our hands if I were President, or as a Senator, or along on Monday and he made a clear on the weapons of mass destruction as a Congressman, I would like to have case, in the minds of many, to the quickly, we identify where they are, we that ability. But, guess what, I don’t American people that Saddam Hussein destroy them, and the rest of the world want Beijing waking up one morning is a danger to the United States. comes in to help us with the burden of and saying, you know, we have a right But there is one more case he has to keeping Iraq from splitting into at to preemptively attack Taiwan. I don’t make. Those of us out of the genera- least three separate pieces—that could want India waking up one morning and tion of Vietnam, and those who were in all happen. That is possible. saying, by the way, we have a right power during the generation of Viet- What happens if it does not? Big na- preemptively to attack Pakistan. In nam, know that no matter how well ar- tions cannot bluff. We should tell the

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:33 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.114 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10185 American people straight up, and I am Mr. SARBANES. I am happy to yield Mr. REID. We had Senator KERRY, prepared to do it and support it: If, in to the Senator from Virginia for a com- who spoke for 45 minutes. These two fact, we are forced to go into Iraq with ment or an observation he wants to Senators are speaking for a total of 35 other nations, for his failure to com- make, but I do not yield the floor. minutes. That is the amount of time ply, say goodbye for a while to the new Mr. WARNER. I reserved the right to Senator KERRY had. permanent tax cut; say goodbye for a object to the Senator’s unanimous con- Mr. MCCAIN. Will the Senator from while to significant increases in health sent request. Nevada yield? I ask unanimous consent care funding; say goodbye for a while Mr. SARBANES. But that does not to speak with the Senator from Ne- to a whole lot of issues for those who give the Senator the floor. vada. vote for this. Mr. WARNER. No, I reserved the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without This is the time for a little honesty right to object. objection, it is so ordered. in advertising. This is the time the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. MCCAIN. Without interfering American people are strong, they are ator from Maryland is correct. with the Senator from Tennessee, is it bright, and they are willing to take Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I sug- his predilection to continue this debate this on. The one thing I believe they gest the absence of a quorum. tonight until all speakers are finished, will not stand for is being sold a bill of Mr. BYRD. He did not yield for that or is the desire of the majority leader goods. We are not stopping 400 miles purpose. and the majority whip to have a vote short of Baghdad this time if we go. We The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- on the Byrd amendment, or put it off are not. The Senator from West Vir- ator does not have the floor and cannot until tomorrow? We have 13 amend- ginia has said repeatedly, this is a con- make that request. ments pending. Mr. BYRD. May I respond now? siderable undertaking. Mr. REID. Mr. President, as we all Mr. REID. Mr. President, it is my un- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- know, I say to my friend, anyone who derstanding, under the order, the Sen- ator’s time has expired. has the floor can move to table the ator from Tennessee is to be recog- Mr. BIDEN. As I said, I will tomor- amendment of the Senator from West nized. row go into much greater detail. Again, Virginia. The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is keep your eye on the ball and level Mr. MCCAIN. Yes. correct, under the unanimous consent with the American people as we go Mr. REID. I assume that because of agreement. The Senator from Mary- through this process because I think if the respect people have for Senator land proposed a unanimous consent re- Saddam Hussein is around 5 years from BYRD, before that happens someone quest. Is there an objection? now, we are in deep trouble as a coun- will give him the opportunity to speak. Mr. WARNER. Objection. try—we are in deep trouble. Mr. BYRD. Reserving the right to ob- I am sure that will happen. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Mr. MCCAIN. If the Senator will the previous order, the Senator from ject. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- yield further, it is not our desire to Tennessee is to be recognized. tion is heard. The Senator from Ten- propose a motion to table until the Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, can I Senator from West Virginia has had inquire what the parliamentary situa- nessee has the floor and is recognized. Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, will the ample time to discuss his amendment. tion is? I do not think that would be appro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Senator from Tennessee yield, without losing his right to the floor? priate. But at some point, I hope we ator from Tennessee is to speak for 15 can reach a point where we can have a minutes, followed by the senior Sen- Mr. FRIST. I will be happy to yield. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without motion to table or an up-or-down vote ator from New Mexico for 20 minutes, objection, it is so ordered. on the amendment. For the benefit of and the senior Senator from Michigan Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I had indi- all Senators, perhaps we can try to as- for 30 minutes. cated to the distinguished Senator certain that. Mr. SARBANES. For what? Mr. REID. The answer to your ques- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sen- from Virginia that I would like to be tion, from my perspective, the best ior Senator from Michigan for 30 min- recognized after Mr. LEVIN. I believe he thing to do for an orderly process is to utes. is last on the list. I have no problem dispose of the Byrd amendment and Mr. SARBANES. Is this all being with the Senator—if the Senator will then move to the Levin amendment for done through unanimous consent re- agree to allow him—Mr. SARBANES to which we have been waiting a long quests? follow Mr. LEVIN and then I would like The PRESIDING OFFICER. It is. to be recognized at that time. time. Mr. SARBANES. I ask unanimous Mr. REID. If I can ask a question of Before we dispose of the Byrd amend- consent that I be permitted to speak the Senator from West Virginia, who ment, I am sure, as I indicated—wheth- after the senior Senator from Michi- proposed a unanimous consent request. er it is Domenici, whoever it is—will gan. Mr. BYRD. Yes. give the Senator from West Virginia The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. REID. If people have a question ample opportunity to discuss his objection? as to the position we are in today, yes- amendment. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I have terday we tried lining up speakers, and The Senator from Arizona asked me to object at this time. I have been in that did not work. Today we lined up if that should happen. That is what consultation with the senior Senator two speakers on each side so people do should happen. from West Virginia who had expressed not come to the Chamber and have to Mr. MCCAIN. If I can finish. So we some interest in taking that slot. wait. That is what we did. That is the will dispose of the Byrd amendment to- Without losing my right to the floor, position we are in now. Both cloak- night, if it is agreeable with the Sen- does the senior Senator from West Vir- rooms received requests from people ator from West Virginia. ginia wish to speak to his desires? He who wanted to speak. That is what we Mr. REID. I will put it another way. has the pending amendment, and I have done. Senator BYRD’s amendment, as he think it is very important that the There is a question as to who is going knows, being the mother of all parlia- Senate have the opportunity tonight to to be the next speaker. I will only say mentarians, can be disposed of at any vote on your amendment. Of course, there is no requirement to do so. We time. the Senator will desire to speak for a have been going back and forth: Sen- Mr. MCCAIN. Yes. period of time prior to, I anticipate, a ator LEVIN and then I assume we will Mr. REID. I think we would like to motion to table. go to a Republican. After Senator move this along. I hope Senator BYRD’s I have the floor, but I yield for a LEVIN, anybody could get the floor. amendment will be disposed of before question. Mr. SARBANES. Can I inquire who we move to the Levin amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- follows Senator FRIST? That is not a necessity, but it would ator from Maryland has the floor. Mr. REID. After Senator FRIST is make it a little more orderly. Mr. WARNER. Beg your pardon? Senator DOMENICI. Mr. MCCAIN. Finally, could I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. SARBANES. That does not strike Senator BYRD’s predilections on this ator from Maryland has the floor. me as going back and forth. issue?

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.116 S09PT1 S10186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank At the moment, we have a pending across borders and, yes, even across the distinguished Senator from Arizona amendment, and I urge that we allow oceans. In the hands of a madman, bio- for his question. I say to the Senator, the Senator from Tennessee—— logical weapons literally threaten us he has amendments, and he has already Mr. REID. I ask unanimous consent all. submitted his amendments. I would that the 15 minutes allocated to the I refer to the words on this chart con- like to have a chance to vote on these Senator from Tennessee be given in its cerning Iraq’s weapons of mass destruc- amendments before the cloture vote. I entirety. We have taken most of that tion, excerpts from an October 2002 un- hope we will get the cloture vote de- time. Then during that time, we will classified CIA report, which reads: layed at least a few hours tomorrow confer as to how we can proceed. Iraq has some lethal and incapacitating until Senators, such as Mr. LEVIN, who Mr. WARNER. I thank the Senator. BW— have amendments will have a fair shot The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. DAY- Biological weapon— at explaining their amendments and TON). The Senator from Tennessee has agents and is capable of quickly producing have a vote on them before cloture. I the floor. and weaponizing a variety of such agents, in- do not know whether the Senate will Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, the Mem- cluding anthrax, for delivery by bombs, mis- be disposed to do that or not. bers of this body will soon vote on au- siles, aerial sprayers and covert operatives, Let me see if I can answer the distin- thorizing the President to use the mili- including potentially against the U.S. home- guished Senator from Arizona. I have tary might of this Nation against Sad- land. another amendment I would like to get dam Hussein. This decision has Indeed, these biological weapons lit- voted on, too. I would like to offer it to weighed heavily on me, as it has on us erally threaten us all—‘‘potentially the amendment that is pending. I say all. No one takes lightly the prospect against the U.S. homeland.’’ to the distinguished Senator from Ari- of young Americans risking their lives Saddam Hussein has pursued the zona—and he is a very distinguished on the battlefield of war, but we and most deadly weapons known to man, Senator—the other amendment would they swear an oath to defend our rights with brutal determination. His arsenal be to provide a sunset provision. and freedoms against all enemies. And has included tens of thousands of tons So if the Senate is going to waive its so our duty we must now do. of chemical agents and biological constitutional powers to the extent Saddam Hussein is a direct and dead- agents. He has come within months of that I think would be required if the ly threat to the American people and acquiring nuclear weapons, and he has Lieberman amendment were to be to the people of the world. He holds the developed many means, both in number agreed upon, I would like at least for power to murder not just hundreds or and type, to deliver his desired destruc- the Senate to have a sunset provision thousands or tens of thousands, but tion. so there would be a time limit when millions. He defies all international ef- History shows that dictators do not the Lieberman amendment would run forts to restrain that power and keep amass such weapons without the intent its course. If the Congress wanted to world peace, and he disdains the value to use them. Indeed, Saddam Hussein renew that, Congress could do it, of of human life, even the lives of his own has accumulated chemical weapons and course, but at least my amendment people. This is an evil, lawless, and used them to attack his neighbors and would say 12 months, and the President murderous man. even murder his own people. During could extend that for 12 months. The resolution before the Senate is the Iran-Iraq war, which lasted from That is a rough explanation of my carefully constructed to encourage the 1980 to 1988, Saddam Hussein inflicted amendment. So that would be 12 widest possible international support 20,000 casualties by striking with months for the President under my for unified action against Saddam Hus- chemicals—mustard gas, sarin, and amendment, providing for the Presi- sein. The nations of the world need to tabun. He also used mustard and nerve dent on his own to extend that for an show him they will no longer tolerate agents to murder as many as 5,000 Iraqi additional 12 months, but at the end of his arrogant contempt for United Na- Kurds and inflict the misery of chem- that time it is over unless the Congress tions resolutions, requiring him to give ical warfare on another 10,000. renews or extends it. I would like to up his weapons of mass destruction and I show this chart briefly to dem- have that amendment also voted upon. cease the gross human rights viola- onstrate the impact of these chemicals. I am very willing to enter into some tions he has committed on his own peo- Saddam Hussein used the chemicals on kind of an agreement, say, to vote up ple. I support the President’s intensive his own people. We can see the effects or down on both amendments. There efforts to build such a coalition, and I of this tragedy among the victims, who would be a vote on the Lieberman pray for his success. are women and children in this picture. amendment and then a vote on cloture No one wants to avoid a war more Saddam Hussein was fully prepared tomorrow at some point. than I do. I am a physician. I have de- to use biological weapons during the Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, we voted my life to a profession that is gulf war. In 1995, Iraq admitted it had have been endeavoring to accommo- centered on saving lives. Only when we produced 19,000 liters of botulinum date the pending amendment with the have exhausted all reasonable efforts toxin, 8,500 liters of anthrax, and 2,200 time agreement such that it could be at keeping peace should we consider liters of aflatoxin. That is enough bot- brought up as soon as possible. waging war. The President shares a ulinum toxin—remember, that is the The Senator from West Virginia and firm commitment to this principle. I most potent poison known to man—to I have had no discussion about a second consider this resolution a strong state- kill every man, woman and child on amendment, and I urge that we allow ment of support for peace and, if the Earth. the Senator from Tennessee to speak, Nation must, for war as well. For if the Iraq also admitted it had loaded and in the interim let’s gather and see safety of our people, the security of our thousands of liters of agents into whether or not we can reconcile honest Nation, and the stability of the world bombs, into munitions, into dozens of differences and motives. remain so threatened, we must risk warheads and aircraft spray tanks, just Mr. REID. If I could just suggest one war for peace. To do anything less as American and allied forces prepared thing, maybe we could have all of this would leave a grave and growing dan- to liberate Kuwait. Before the gulf war, taken care of by not having a cloture ger looming over the lives of millions. intelligence experts believed Saddam vote. Cloture is going to be invoked by This evening I will talk about Sad- Hussein was at least 8 to 10 years from a large margin. Maybe we would not dam Hussein’s past, his present, and having a nuclear weapon. That esti- need a cloture vote. what I consider his greatest danger, a mate was way off. Iraq had already as- Mr. WARNER. There are Senators on robust biological weapons program. sembled many of the pieces needed to this side who wish to leave intact this More than chemical and nuclear weap- build a nuclear weapon. What it lacked present procedure, which is working ons, Saddam’s biological weapons pose was fissile material that makes up the well. It has produced 13 amendments, 7 a unique and immediate threat. Unlike explosive core of a nuclear device. If of which have been ruled germane thus other conventional weapons, they are Saddam Hussein had been able to ob- far by the Parliamentarian. This de- easily made. They can be readily contain that material, either by making it bate is well underway, well structured, cealed and are beyond the reach of in- or buying it, he would likely have had and can proceed. spectors and can readily be delivered a nuclear bomb by no later than 1993.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.119 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10187 Indeed, Iraq has gone to great President, 30,000 munitions designed bacteria, but also new means to deliver lengths to acquire weapons of mass de- solely for chemical and biological those agents. Iraq has experimented struction. Its efforts to hide the weap- agents were also unaccounted for. with a variety of unmanned aerial ve- ons have been equally ambitious. Sad- Missing biological agents, missing bio- hicles as part of its longstanding weap- dam Hussein has defied the inter- logical munitions and Iraq’s pattern of ons of mass destruction program. But national community almost from the deception lead to only one conclusion: intelligence experts believe Iraq has moment he came to power in 1979. His Saddam Hussein today retains a large vastly improved its designs and now rule has been a constant threat to arsenal of deadly living microorga- has a drone aircraft that can carry and peace among the Iraqi people, in the nisms available as weapons of mass de- spray up to 80 gallons of anthrax. Such Middle East, and throughout the world. struction. an airplane would be the most effective Saddam Hussein has twice invaded That arsenal likely contains stocks way to deliver biological weapons over sovereign nations. In 1980, he launched of live viruses and bacteria produced a vast area and would represent a dire the Iran-Iraq war solely for territorial not only before the Gulf War, but also threat to the Iraqi people, its neighbors gain. Eight years, one million casual- after, especially since weapons inspec- and the international community. ties and hundreds of billions of dollars tors left Iraq in 1998. Saddam has ex- The danger of germ weapons is not later, the war ended with Iraq gaining panded so-called ‘‘dual-use’’ facilities— merely that Saddam Hussein has them, nothing. In 1990, Saddam Hussein start- laboratories, research centers and man- but that he would use them . . . even ed the gulf war by invading Kuwait. ufacturing plants that have civilian or against the United States. Biological His objective? Seize control of his commercial uses, but are likely used to agents are ideal terrorist weapons. Un- neighbor’s oil fields. We expelled him. build his arsenal of microbiological likely other weapons of mass destruc- As we did, he fired dozens of Scud mis- terror, as well. tion, one cannot hear them or taste siles into Israel and into Saudi Arabia Iraq has rebuilt known biological them or smell them. They can be invis- and the waters off Qatar. weapons facilities that were destroyed ible to the human eye. Iraq has shown as much contempt for during the Gulf War, by our military, They can be transported long dis- the international community as it has or after, by weapons inspectors. Also, tances without detection in, for exam- shown aggression toward its neighbors. Saddam retains the equipment and, ple, a terrorist’s pocket. They can take Since 1990, Iraq has violated 16 United even more crucial, the human expertise hours and even days to take effect, al- Nations Security Council resolutions. to continue building his biological lowing a terrorist to be long gone—to Inspectors charged with enforcing weapons capability. Unlike nuclear escape. those resolutions have been deceived, weapons, which take years and massive Thus, Saddam’s robust biological they have been obstructed, they have resources to make, biological weapons weapons program, combined with the been intimidated by Saddam Hussein are inexpensive, can be made easily, support of terrorism, is a deadly force and his henchmen. within weeks, in a small room, with capable of exceeding the death and de- Saddam Hussein has funneled as minimal equipment and manpower. struction of even a nuclear bomb. much as $9 billion from the United Na- That is what makes biological weapons Saddam does support terrorism. Iraq tions Oil-for-Food program into his so unique and capable of causing such harbors several terrorist groups that weapons of mass destruction program death and destruction. have targeted and murdered American and other illegal activities, starving To that end, our intelligence commu- citizens. The Iraqi regime has been in his people and strangling the economy. nity believes Iraq has built mobile contact with al-Qaida for at least a To Saddam Hussein international germ warfare production laboratories. decade and, as recently as this year, al- treaties are worth less than the paper Iraq has learned a lot about weapons lowed a senior leader to receive med- on which they are written. Iraq is the inspections since the Gulf War. Saddam ical treatment in Baghdad. only nation publicly cited for violating hid his biological weapons program I am hopeful that inspectors will re- the Geneva Convention ban on using from inspectors for 4 years. Mobile bio- turn to Iraq with totally unfettered ac- chemical weapons. Its biological weap- logical labs are the ideal weapon of de- cess to all suspected biological weapons program has directly violated the ception. They can be quickly moved in ons sites. But, remember, such a site Biological and Toxin Weapons Conven- inconspicuous trailers and hidden in can be an 8-by-12-foot room deep in the tion. And Iraq has utterly ignored the very small spaces, including, for exam- basement of a huge Presidential pal- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, ple, in a single room in one of Saddam ace. which has been signed by 187 countries Hussein’s presidential palaces. Such I am hopeful that Saddam Hussein since its inception in 1968. laboratories would be almost invisible will disarm and destroy his ability to Saddam Hussein said in a recent to the outside world. develop and produce such weapons in speech, ‘‘The present of any nation or There is also evidence that Iraq may the future. But I am not optimistic. people cannot be isolated from its past be developing and producing a new gen- Saddam Hussein knows his chemical ...’’ Indeed. What Saddam has done in eration of more virulent biological and biological stocks are the source of the past is reckless, lawless and appall- agents. Defectors allege that Iraq is de- his power at home and in his region ing. But what he is doing now should veloping an agent called ‘‘Blue Nile’’— and can be a tool of blackmail. Weap- frighten us all and compel the world to which may be a code name for the ons of mass destruction are as much a action. Not only does he continue to ebola virus. Ebola is a deadly virus for part of Saddam Hussein as freedom and develop and produce weapons of mass which there is no treatment and there democracy are of America. destruction, but he’s more likely to use is no vaccine. And many experts be- The test of our resolve in the war on them than ever before. I am particu- lieve Saddam Hussein may have stocks terror was Afghanistan. There we larly concerned about the unique and of the smallpox virus. One of the last fought the terrorist group and its sup- immediate threat Saddam’s biological naturally occurring smallpox out- porting regimes that murdered more weapons program presents. breaks occurred on Iraqi soil in the than 3,000 of our own citizens. We were Iraq has lethal and incapacitating bi- early 1970s, which is precisely when attacked, and, as any capable nation ological weapons agents potentially to Iraq launched its weapons of mass de- would do, we responded. use against the United States home- struction program. Now we face a second test. Saddam land. Though U.S. defenses against small- Hussein has not yet struck, and we Iraq likely produced two to four pox are now much stronger, a 2001 hope he doesn’t. We hope he disarms times more biological agents than it study by Johns Hopkins University his weapons of mass destruction and publicly admitted in 1995. United Na- found that a smallpox attack launched chooses peace over war. It is his choice. tions inspection teams could not ac- at three locations in the United States But should he force us to war, we will count for biological culture growth could kill in a worst case scenario one fight for a noble and a just cause—to media that would have easily tripled million and infect another two million prevent a future and far worse attack Saddam’s stocks of anthrax—a bacteria Americans within two months. than that of September 11, 2001. Amer- that can be rapidly and easily produced Saddam has invested not only in de- ica will be victorious in this next phase as a weapon of mass destruction. Mr. veloping and producing new viruses and of the war on terror, for the worst of a

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:15 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.121 S09PT1 S10188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 dictator cannot defeat the will of a free I am voting aye on giving the Presi- the Middle East without question. It people. dent this authority because I am con- would not take Saddam Hussein very Saddam Hussein will fight to pre- vinced that the one and only way to long before he would attack Israel. And serve his grip on power and protect prevent Saddam Hussein from doing if he wasn’t successful, who else might weapons that murder millions. But if tremendous damage to humankind and join to help him? Perhaps two or three we must fight, we will do so for love of to the Earth is to say to our President, other nations who would be willing to country, for respect of humanity, and You have the full strength of the take up arms against Israel. So I be- for the rights and freedoms that all American military to keep him from lieve there is a real reason for us to people deserve to enjoy, including the doing anything of great harm. work through the United Nations to Iraqi people. That sounds like a terribly simple try to bring peace to that area. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- proposition, but I don’t think it is. I So I do not intend to go into all the ator from New Mexico, under the pre- think if one wanted to write a 30- or 40- details about the threat Iraq poses, vious order, is to be recognized. page speech about what I just said, one rather, I just want to talk about the The Chair wants to say that it is his could devote 5 pages just to the history conclusions I tried to draw about deal- view that the subject matter is of enor- of the United States. They could about ing with that threat. One that I just mous gravity, and the subject matter how our country started and what our talked to Senator FRIST about, is that and statement of the Senator is most first wars were all about. They could we are probably as good a nation as compelling. So anyone who does not talk about the First World War and the any in the world to decide that action share that view will leave the Cham- horror of chemical weapons used in needs to be taken. I have also con- ber. And that will be pursued by those that conflict. cluded that to be successful, we had officers. And the Sergeants at Arms in Do you know I had an uncle in the better give our President the authority the galleries are requested to ensure First World War in 1919? I wondered he needs to act. In this way can better the gallery follows the same. when I was growing up how come an negotiate so as to maintain the peace. The Chair recognizes the Senator aunt of mine used to get a little check I guess I am going to stop for a from New Mexico. in the mail—$19.80, or something. Fi- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, before minute and ask, is something going on I proceed, I would like to congratulate nally, I said to my mother: What does I should know about? I have 20 minutes the distinguished Senator from Ten- my auntie do with that money? She to speak. If people are not waiting, I nessee. When he writes his name uses said: She gets it for all of the life of her am going to speak for 20 minutes. the title ‘‘Senator’’ followed by ‘‘M.D.’’ husband—she then told me in Italian— The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I think you will always be a doctor because your uncle, mio zio, was gassed ator from Delaware. even if you are not always a Senator. I by the Kaiser in the First World War Mr. BIDEN. Parliamentary inquiry, am happy to know you in both capac- with mustard gas. Mr. President: The Senator from New ities—as a member of the medical pro- You see, how many years ago was Mexico has the floor; is that right? fession—and among our ranks as sen- that?—80 or 90? The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ators. We in the Senate are very fortu- correct. nate that a few years ago at the peak ators on the floor will kindly take Mr. BIDEN. How much time does the of your profession you decided to come their conversations off the floor so the Senator have left? here, and your people there in Ten- Senator from New Mexico may have The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- nessee sent you. I have been here 30 the full attention of the Senate. ator has 12 minutes remaining, and he The Senator from New Mexico. years—roughly five times, I think, that is followed by the Senator from Michi- Mr. DOMENICI. Thank you very you have been here. I have gotten to gan for 30 minutes. much. know you very well. I consider you Mr. BIDEN. I thank the Chair. So one could write at length about among one of my very best friends—not Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I the parallels in our country’s history only here but in the world. I am very think we are 32 minutes away from and how it relates to today. Then fol- proud of what you had to say here to- someone on that side being recognized. low every war we have been in, and night. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I am not going to speak about the then ask, What country is the most ator from New Mexico has the floor. technical matters. If anybody wants just throughout its history? Would Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I say proof about the quantity and the tre- there be any question? It would be the to the Senator from Tennessee, I am mendous damage that the weapons United States. Yet, we have people say- delighted to have found you on the which Saddam probably possesses can ing we shouldn’t get involved in this, floor just before my remarks. As al- cause humankind, they can read Sen- as if we are some big bamboozling ways, you eloquently in describing ator BILL FRIST’s statement just ahead country wrought on doing damage. His- what terrible things this man can of mine. tory will tell us and tell the world that wrought on this world and how we need I have difficulty when speaking on a that is not why America would get in- to be careful. If we are going to get in- subject such as this to disengage from volved in this situation. Isn’t that volved, we ought to be prepared. And being a full-blooded American and try right? Historically, the United States what I added tonight, is that if we are to see the issue from a global perspec- has only used military force when we going to do anything about it, we have tive. It is very hard for me to see the can do some good. We stand for some to give our President the authority he world and see this issue in any way principle or concept that we really needs. And he may well need our Army, other than from the eyes of an Amer- think is tremendous—in this case, de- our military to do it. ican who grew up here and has lived mocracy versus dictatorship, democ- So, Mr. President, I rise today in sup- here for the years I have been on this racy and freedom versus the kind of port of the Lieberman-Warner-Bayh- Earth. I am prejudiced by my great despicable character about whom our McCain amendment because I am con- confidence in America being the right President has been speaking to us for a vinced that without clear authority to country to see that the Middle East long time. The world is seeing a new act decisively, it is not possible for the stops being a tinderbox. I think we are kind of war that started with the de- President of the United States to effec- the right country, and probably the struction of our towers and our Pen- tively confront the growing threat in only country that can keep Saddam tagon. Iraq. Hussein from using those weapons of This war has its origins right there in As I just said in talking with my mass destruction. We are the only that Middle East where, if action is not friend from Tennessee, I do not think it country that will see to it that he taken, humankind is going to have is going to be very effective for us to brings minimal damage to this world. some big problems. And I concluded say: Mr. President, stay involved, go to I have concluded, after much study, that if we want to make sure our mili- the U.N., talk to everybody about the that we must give our President this tary personnel are safe, we would have despicable character who is now the authority—not because he is going to to get them out of the Middle East, head of Iraq. use it, but quite to the contrary: to bring them all home. But guess what? I don’t think that is going to do any- raise hopes he won’t have to use it. If we did that there would be a war in thing if the President is not backed up

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.122 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10189 with real authority to take military could be accomplished in a little room diately understand what it means if we action. I don’t want our President to about the size of a kitchen. And the de- give our President the authority to use engage in an effort that, from the struction that could be caused is be- force. There is no longer the delay in onset, will not allow him to achieve yond perception. communications. Iraq will know we are intervention by the U.N. with a resolu- So we will find that it is not as easy serious, and we can be more effective in tion of consequence. as to deter these weapons as were nu- our diplomacy. If it doesn’t work, we What I want for the American people clear weapons for all the years we were leave it in the hands of our President. is for our President to be able to effec- standing head to head and toe to toe Some observers think this resolution tively work with the U.N. to the max- with the Soviet Union. We knew every- gives the President too much author- imum extent, as this resolution allows. thing about their nuclear weapons; ity. In fact, the resolution gives the This resolution makes certain that if they knew everything about ours. But President no more authority than he the United States is involved, our this batch of terrorists, who are bent already has as Commander in Chief to President, after trying negotiations— on mass destruction, have us much provide for the national security for and the words are voluminous on how more over a barrel than the Soviet the United States. What the resolution hard he must try to resolve this matter Union did with nuclear weapons when does is to recognize the clear and peacefully and to keep Congress in- we faced mutual assured destruction, present danger of Saddam Hussein with formed, he must give us reports—that sometimes called MAD, as the premise weapons of mass destruction. It says he he has the strength of the U.S. mili- that would prevent war. is a weapon of mass destruction. It tary if that does not work. And, frank- So it is clear that weapons of mass calls the President to exercise this au- ly, I repeat, I think that is more apt to destruction are going to continue, thority as a last resort, and only in the preserve peace than if we do not give under the auspices and direction of the event that all negotiations are fruit- the President the power. scientists who have been brought into less, and with the added condition that I am concerned that the world is al- Iraq, and be shipped around the world he explain his actions to the Congress. ready set up for a major war in the by Iraqi leaders, to put these terrible I believe the best way to prevent the Middle East. And the only way to pre- kinds of things in the hands of others, Middle East, in this moment of history, vent it is to give our President the au- who are the ‘‘minutemen’’ of Saddam from exploding into a war is for us to thority he needs to negotiate effec- around the world. recognize how important we are to tively, to go to the U.N., to go to our So I say again, by enacting the reso- achieving peace, how important it is friends, to use diplomacy, but to be lution that is before us, we emphasize that we ask our President to be our in- ready to say: The people of the United our resolve to act in the event that strument of peace in this very troubled States, through our Congress, gave me Saddam impedes the work of U.N. part of the world. authority to do more than that. They weapons inspections. We will empha- Even a person as culpable and as gave me authority to intervene and use size by this our resolve to act. So let’s lacking in human decency as Saddam the full power of the United States. be clear. Saddam Hussein only under- Hussein will understand that our Presi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- stands the language of force. This reso- dent, once given the proper authority, ator will please suspend. lution provides unambiguous authority will take all necessary action to ensure Will Senators kindly take their con- for the President to use force. It is this the security of America and human- versations off the floor. authority, and Congress’s support, that kind against the destruction of weap- I thank the Senator from New Mex- gives us the best hope of avoiding con- ons of mass destruction. I believe he is ico. frontation in pursuit of Iraq’s disar- far less likely to unleash weapons of Mr. DOMENICI. Maybe while they mament. mass destruction when he knows that are gone, and the only one here is Sen- So it is the expectation of New Mexi- the American military, with the full ator BYRD, I could ask unanimous con- cans and all Americans that wherever support of Congress, is poised to stand sent that I have an additional hour. their President considers sending U.S. in his way. I am just joking, so you don’t have to troops to battle, that he does so in full We have just today approved the big- object. consultation with the Congress and our gest Defense bill ever in the history of In any event, it is clear to me that in allies in the war on terrorism. The America. We have given the President the absence of this authority, Saddam American people also expect that the most of what he asked for in that bill. Hussein will continue to assume that President will commit U.S. forces only I believe it could not be worse news for America’s warnings are not serious. He after diplomatic avenues have been ex- Saddam Hussein than to learn that the will continue with all manner of delay hausted. And this resolution says that. U.S. Congress has approved the money and defiance, and he will continue to This resolution underscores those needed to bolster our military and buy time for further development of concerns by imposing unambiguous re- then, to learn shortly thereafter, that weapons of mass destruction. And that sponsibilities on our President. it has approved a resolution giving our is what we are talking about. I am sure that resolution has been President the real authority he needs Mr. President, while I will associate read to the American people and those to use military force to disarm Iraq. I myself with the technical remarks of watching us more than once. believe this is the best way to secure my friend, the doctor from Tennessee, I But let me just state a couple of peace. know a little bit about nuclear weap- them. Prior to using force or within 48 I yield the floor. ons. It is my subcommittee on appro- hours after exercising the authority, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- priations that funds them, and has for the President is required to certify to ator from Nevada. the last 61⁄2 years. So I know a little bit Congress that diplomatic and other Mr. REID. Mr. President, I suggest about that. peaceful means cannot protect our na- the absence of a quorum. But I also remember when we went tional security against the threat The PRESIDING OFFICER. The and talked to groups about weapons of posed by Iraq. Also, he must certify clerk will call the roll. mass destruction, and we described gas that such means are not likely to bring The assistant legislative clerk pro- and biological weapons of mass de- Iraq into compliance with all relevant ceeded to call the roll. struction by holding up a jar. It was U.N. resolutions. Mr. REID. I ask unanimous consent not like this glass I hold in my hand, Second, only in the event that diplo- that the order for the quorum call be but what we actually used was a may- matic efforts fail and Iraq continues to rescinded. onnaise jar, the size jar that most peo- breach its international obligations The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ple associate with a jar of mayonnaise and the inspectors are given every op- objection, it is so ordered. that you would have in a refrigerator. portunity for unimpeded access, then Mr. REID. Mr. President, let me just And we held that up and said: If you our President can use the military. He say we have spent a lot of time, and we know how to make real poisonous gas, doesn’t have to come back to us under have a plan. It is not one that is going and real biological killers, you can put those circumstances. to finish quickly. We have a lot of work them in a bottle this small. The chem- Believe me, Saddam Hussein and his to do tonight. But this is a tremendous istry needed to produce these poisons military and his scientists will imme- step forward. I ask everybody to listen.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.124 S09PT1 S10190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 We have worked with a number of Sen- Mr. BYRD. I am not stalling. Mr. REID. The amendment we have ators for some time. I will just say I Mr. REID. No one said the Senator is spoken about, that’s right. The Sen- also have permission from the minority stalling. Each minute that we do not ator is next in order, anyway. to allow Senator SARBANES to speak move forward means it will be that Mr. LEVIN. The Byrd amendment for up to 30 minutes following the much later. Will the Senator agree to has not been disposed of. statement of the Senator from Michi- 10 minutes? Mr. REID. There is a gentlemen’s gan, Senator LEVIN. I ask unanimous Mr. BYRD. This is a question of life agreement that will be set aside for consent that that be the case. or death. Can I not get more than 10 you to offer your amendment because The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without minutes? there is a time—I guess you would say objection, it is so ordered. Mr. SARBANES. If the Senator will a gentlemen’s and ladies’ agreement. ORDER OF PROCEDURE yield, does each leader get 15 minutes? Mr. BYRD. Reserving the right to ob- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- Mr. REID. That’s right. ject. I have no intention of objecting. imous consent that immediately after Mr. SARBANES. Why don’t we give Following the cloture vote, if cloture is the pledge tomorrow morning, fol- Senator BYRD 15 minutes? invoked, what— lowing the 9:15 a.m. convening of the Mr. WARNER. Senator MCCAIN is Mr. REID. We go immediately to your amendment. You have 45 minutes Senate, Senator BYRD be recognized to going to handle the Byrd amendment— on that, and there are 15 minutes in op- offer an amendment No. 4869; that Mr. REID. This is on cloture. Prior to position. there be a time limitation of 20 min- cloture. Why don’t we do that. Mr. WARNER. Our leader will speak Mr. BYRD. On that amendment. And utes, with the opposition controlling 5 prior to cloture. then— minutes and Senator BYRD controlling Mr. REID. I modify the request to Mr. REID. Then we are going to work 15 minutes; that following the use or that effect. things out after that. We have talked yielding back of that time, the Senate Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask to Senator LEVIN and we will talk to vote on the amendment; that following the distinguished Senator to recast Senators BOXER and DURBIN. I think we the disposition of that amendment, what he is now seeking to achieve. can work something out per the con- there be 30 minutes of debate equally Mr. REID. Yes. In the morning, at versation we all had in the cloakroom. divided between the leaders, with Sen- 9:15, we are going to come in. Senator Mr. BYRD. Assuming cloture is in- ator LOTT controlling the first 15 min- BYRD would be recognized to offer voked on this serious question—which utes and Senator DASCHLE controlling amendment No. 4869, and there will be it will be—there will be 30 hours for de- the final 15 minutes, and upon comple- 20 minutes. He has 15 minutes and the bate. tion of that time, the Senate vote on opposition has 5 minutes. Mr. REID. Yes. As I indicated, we Senator LIEBERMAN’s amendment, and Mr. WARNER. Could Mr. MCCAIN’s will work with the Senator tomorrow that will be cloture on the Lieberman name be put next to that? on the time the Senator can have. amendment; that following that vote, Mr. REID. Yes, 5 minutes to Senator Mr. BYRD. I beg the Senator’s par- there be a time limitation of 45 min- MCCAIN. And then following that, there don. utes on Senator BYRD’s amendment No. would be a vote on that amendment. Mr. REID. We will work with the 4868, with Senator BYRD controlling 30 Then there will be a vote on cloture. Senator on time so he can have some minutes, Senator LIEBERMAN, or his Prior to vote on cloture, Senator time yielded to him. Mr. BYRD. I hope so. designee—the only change would be DASCHLE would have the last 15 min- Senator BIDEN would control the 15 Mr. REID. I indicated I will work on utes, Senator LOTT would be the mid- that. minutes in opposition. Upon the use or dle speaker, and Senator BYRD would yielding back of that time, the Senate Mr. BYRD. The Senator is an honor- be recognized for the first 15 minutes able man and I thank him for all of his vote on Senator BYRD’s amendment; prior to the cloture vote. After that, good work. I hope I am not limited to- further, that no second-degree amend- Senator BYRD’s other amendment ments be in order to either of the morrow to 3 hours and 4 hours. I hope would be brought up, with the time as whatever Senators want to yield time above-listed amendments. indicated. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there to me may be allowed to do so. Mr. WARNER. Will the Senator re- Mr. REID. I respectfully say to my objection? peat the time. Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, reserving friend, I would love to get over this Mr. REID. There will be 45 minutes hurdle, and we will worry about that the right to object. I am perfectly for Senator BYRD and 15 minutes for agreeable to everything that has been tomorrow. I will do my best. Senator MCCAIN. Mr. BYRD. I know about getting over said with reference to my amendments. Mr. WARNER. Make that McCain- I wonder if we can get a little more the hurdles. I was always afraid some- Warner. thing would crawl out of the woodwork time for debate on the motion to in- Mr. REID. Senator DAYTON wants to voke cloture. We have nothing but 15 before I would get the Chair to put the speak for 15 minutes on the Byrd question. I have nothing further. minutes for Mr. LOTT and 15 minutes amendment after cloture. Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator for Mr. DASCHLE. I would like to have a Mr. WARNER. How about the Sen- yield for a question. few minutes to express opposition to ator from Michigan? Mr. REID. Yes. cloture. I know it will be futile, but Mr. REID. We are going to work that Mr. SARBANES. Upon the disposi- can we work out an additional 30 min- out further. Please don’t go any fur- tion of the second Byrd amendment, utes? The two leaders can close, but ther. which would be after cloture— this agreement only gives the two lead- Mr. WARNER. I say to the leader Mr. REID. We are working on that ers a chance to talk on cloture. That is that the Senator from Michigan is a now, what will happen on that. a key vote. I would like to have a few vital part of the UC. Mr. SARBANES. How about the minutes on that, and perhaps other Mr. REID. We are going to work on Levin amendment? Senators would like time on either him, Senator DURBIN and Senator Mr. REID. We tentatively have that side. BOXER. worked out. I need to get off the floor Mr. REID. The question is, prior to Mr. WARNER. That would be along and we can work that out. I am certain the cloture vote, would the minority the lines we agreed to in our con- we have an agreement. have objection—or would anybody ob- ference. Mr. SARBANES. I understand that ject to Senator BYRD having more Mr. REID. Yes. now the Byrd amendment will be laid time? How about 10 minutes, because Mr. WARNER. I have no objection to aside so that the Levin amendment can the leaders only get 15? the Senator’s request. be called up. Mr. BYRD. Is the time so short? Mr. LEVIN. Reserving the right to Mr. REID. Following his statement, Mr. REID. Senator BYRD, I say re- object, and I will not object. Pursuant, the Senator from Maryland would be spectfully the two leaders have indi- then, to this unanimous consent agree- recognized. cated they are going to finish this to- ment, I understand it would then be in Mr. WARNER. Did the Chair enter morrow. Each minute we stall means order for me to proceed and to lay the order? I don’t know if the Chair en- that much later we have to go. down my amendment tonight. tered the order.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.127 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10191 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there tors in Iraq between 1991 and 1998 by denying means to obtain compliance by Iraq with a objection? Without objection, it is so them access to crucial people, sites, and doc- resolution of the United Nations Security ordered. uments. Council described in section 3(2) and that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under (3) On October 31, 1998, Iraq banned the those efforts have not been and are not like- United Nations weapons inspectors despite ly to be successful in obtaining such compli- the previous order, the Senator from its agreement and obligation to comply with ance. Michigan is recognized for a period of United Nations Security Council Resolution (c) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIRE- 30 minutes. The Senator from Michi- 687 (1991). MENTS.— gan. (4) Iraq continues to develop weapons of (1) SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION.— Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War AMENDMENT NO. 4862 TO AMENDMENT NO. 4856, AS mass destruction, in violation of its commit- Powers Resolution, Congress declares that MODIFIED ments under United Nations Security Coun- this section is intended to constitute specific Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, on behalf cil Resolution 687 (1991) and subsequent resolutions, and the regime of Saddam Hussein statutory authorization within the meaning of myself, Senator REED, Senator has used weapons of mass destruction of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution BINGAMAN, Senator BOXER, Senator MI- against its own people and other nations. (22 U.S.C. 1544(b)). KULSKI, and Senator STABENOW, I call (5) The development of weapons of mass de- (2) APPLICABILITY OF OTHER REQUIRE- up amendment No. 4862, which is at the struction by Iraq is a threat to the United MENTS.—Nothing in this joint resolution su- desk. States, to the friends and allies of the United persedes any requirement of the War Powers The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there States in the Middle East, and to inter- Resolution. objection to laying aside the pending national peace and security. SEC. 5. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. amendment? SEC. 3. CONGRESSIONAL POLICY FOR UNITED Not later than 60 days after the date of en- NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AC- actment of this joint resolution, and at least Mr. BYRD. I have no objection. TION ON IRAQ. once during every 60-day period thereafter, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Congress— the President shall submit to Congress a re- objection, it is so ordered. The clerk (1) supports the President’s call for the port containing a summary of the status of will report. United Nations to address the threat to efforts— The assistant legislative clerk read international peace and security posed by (1) to have the United Nations Security as follows: Saddam Hussein’s continued refusal to meet Council adopt the resolution described in Iraq’s obligations under resolutions of the section 3(2); or The Senator from Michigan [Mr. LEVIN], United Nations Security Council to accept (2) in the case of the adoption of such reso- for himself, Mr. REED, Mr. BINGAMAN, Mrs. the destruction, removal, or rendering harm- lution, to obtain compliance by Iraq with the BOXER, Ms. MIKULSKI, and Ms. STABENOW, less of its weapons of mass destruction, nu- resolution. proposes an amendment numbered 4862 to clear weapons-usable material, ballistic mis- amendment No. 4856, as modified. Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, this siles with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, amendment will provide an alternative Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I ask and related facilities, and to cease the devel- to the Lieberman amendment. This unanimous consent that the reading of opment, production, or acquisition of such amendment will authorize the Presi- the amendment be dispensed with. weapons, materials, and missiles; dent to use military force supporting The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (2) urges the United Nations Security the U.N. resolution that he seeks, but objection, it is so ordered. Council to adopt promptly a resolution then provides that if he seeks to go it The amendment is as follows: that— (A) demands that Iraq provide immediate, alone, if he wants authority to proceed (Purpose: To authorize the use of the United unconditional, and unrestricted access of the unilaterally, he would then call us States Armed Forces, pursuant to a new United Nations weapons inspectors so that back into session. resolution of the United Nations Security Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, nuclear Council, to destroy, remove, or render This amendment provides that if the weapons-usable material, ballistic missiles President then seeks authority to uni- harmless Iraq’s weapons of mass destruc- with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, and tion, nuclear weapons-usable material, related facilities are destroyed, removed, or laterally go it alone without the au- long-range ballistic missiles, and related rendered harmless; and thority of the United Nations, not in facilities, and for other purposes) (B) authorizes the use of necessary and ap- support of a U.N. resolution, he would In lieu of the matter proposed to be in- propriate military force by member states of then call us back into session and seek serted by the amendment, insert the fol- the United Nations to enforce such resolu- that authority from the Congress. lowing: tion in the event that the Government of This is an alternative to the unilat- SECTION. 1. SHORT TITLE. Iraq refuses to comply; eral approach which is in the White This joint resolution may be cited as the (3) affirms that, under international law House-supported resolution. This gives ‘‘Multilateral Use of Force Authorization and the United Nations Charter, the United the same authority to the President to Act of 2002’’. States has at all times the inherent right to use military force of the United States SEC. 2. FINDINGS. use military force in self-defense; and (4) will not adjourn sine die this year and in support of the U.N. resolution that Congress makes the following findings: will return to session at any time before the he seeks, but does not at this time ad- (1) In accordance with United Nations Se- next Congress convenes to consider promptly dress the issue of going it alone and au- curity Council Resolution 687 (1991), Iraq proposals relative to Iraq if in the judgment thorizing unilateral action or saving made a commitment— of the President the United Nations Security (A) to destroy, remove, or render harmless that for a later time should the United Council fails to adopt or enforce the resolu- all chemical and biological weapons and Nations not act. tion described in paragraph (2). stocks of agents and all related subsystems President Bush described in Cin- and components and all research, develop- SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED cinnati in detail the threat that Sad- STATES ARMED FORCES PURSUANT ment, support, and manufacturing facilities TO A NEW UNITED NATIONS SECU- dam Hussein’s regime poses. related thereto; RITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I won- (B) to destroy, remove, or render harmless (a) AUTHORIZATION.—Pursuant to a resolu- der if my friend will yield for a mo- all ballistic missiles with a range greater tion of the United Nations Security Council ment. I just discovered in the haste of than 150 kilometers, and related major parts described in section 3(2) that is adopted after activities that the distinguished chair- and production facilities; the enactment of this joint resolution, and (C) not to acquire or develop any nuclear man of the Armed Services Committee subject to subsection (b), the President is au- has 30 minutes to present his amend- weapons, nuclear-weapons-usable material, thorized to use the Armed Forces of the nuclear-related subsystems or components, United States to destroy, remove, or render ment. or nuclear-related research, development, harmless Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- support, or manufacturing facilities; and nuclear weapons-usable material, ballistic ator is correct. (D) to permit immediate on-site inspection missiles with a range greater than 150 kilo- Mr. WARNER. And then there is no of Iraq’s biological, chemical, and missile ca- meters, and related facilities, if Iraq fails to time reserved for the Senator from Vir- pabilities, and assist the International comply with the terms of the Security Coun- ginia to do any rebuttal following that Atomic Energy Agency in carrying out the cil resolution. amendment, but there is now time destruction, removal, or rendering harmless (b) REQUIREMENTS.—Before the authority given to the Senator from Maryland, of all nuclear-related items and in devel- granted in subsection (a) is exercised, the oping a plan for ongoing monitoring and President shall make available to the Speak- Mr. SARBANES, immediately following verification of Iraq’s compliance. er of the House of Representatives and the the Senator from Michigan; is that cor- (2) The regime of Saddam Hussein consist- President pro tempore of the Senate his de- rect? ently refused to cooperate with United Na- termination that the United States has used The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is tions Special Commission weapons inspec- appropriate diplomatic and other peaceful correct.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.129 S09PT1 S10192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Mr. WARNER. How much time is That the President is seeking author- Forces pursuant to that U.N. Security that? ization for a unilateral preemptive at- Council resolution if Iraq fails to com- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NEL- tack without U.N. authorization or reply with its terms and the President SON of Florida). Thirty minutes. quirement of imminent threat is at the informs the Congress of his determina- Mr. WARNER. I yield the floor. heart of the Senate debate that is pres- tion that the United States has used The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ently taking place. appropriate diplomatic and other ator from Michigan. Under the traditional international peaceful means to obtain Iraqi compli- Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, President law concept of preemption in self-de- ance with such a U.N. resolution. Our Bush described in Cincinnati in detail fense, the United States would be justi- resolution affirms that under inter- the threat that the Saddam Hussein re- fied in acting alone in the case of a se- national law and under the U.N. char- gime poses. I have relatively few dif- rious threat to our Nation that is im- ter, especially article 51, the United ferences with that description, and I minent. In a case where a threat is not States has at all times the inherent believe if Saddam Hussein continues to imminent, military action would also right to use military force in self-de- refuse to meet his obligation to destroy be justified if it were carried out pursu- fense. This affirms the fact that there his weapons of mass destruction and ant to the authorization for the use of is no U.N. veto over U.S. military ac- his prohibited missile delivery sys- force by member states of the United tion. tems, that the United Nations should Nations. I repeat that because some of our col- authorize member states to use mili- The choice facing the Senate is leagues have suggested otherwise about tary force to destroy those weapons whether Congress should now, at this our resolution. The resolution we are and systems and that the United States time, give the President the authority offering explicitly affirms the fact Armed Forces should participate in and to go it alone, to act unilaterally there is no U.N. veto over U.S. military lead a United Nations authorized force. against Iraq if the United Nations fails action because we state explicitly the That is what my amendment provides. to act. United States has at all times an in- The issue that is in dispute is wheth- Congress is being presented with this herent right to use military force in er unilateral force should be authorized issue at the very same time our Sec- self-defense. Our resolution also provides Congress will not adjourn sine die by Congress at this time in case the retary of State is trying to get the so that Congress can return to session, United Nations does not act—whether United Nations to back a tough new if necessary, and promptly consider we should authorize the President now resolution authorizing member states proposals relative to Iraq if, in the to go it alone without U.N. authoriza- to use military force to enforce Iraqi judgment of the President, the U.N. Se- tion if the United Nations does not act. compliance with inspections and disar- curity Council does not promptly act How we answer that question could mament. on the resolution I have described On Monday, the President said: have a profound and lasting effect on above. the safety of our children and grand- I have asked Congress to authorize use of Our resolution therefore supports the children for decades to come because America’s military if it proves necessary to President’s appeal to the United Na- the difference between attacking a na- enforce U.N. Security Council demands. tions and it approves now the use of tion with the support of the world com- That sounds like my alternative, but our Armed Forces to support the ac- munity or attacking it without such in fact the White House resolution asks tion of the United Nations to force support is fundamental. for much more. compliance by Saddam Hussein with The President answers the question The resolution the White House seeks inspections and disarmament. How- by seeking a resolution from Congress is not limited to the use of force if the ever, it does not authorize now, before that gives him the authority to use United Nations authorizes it. On the we know whether or not we have the force under the auspices of the United contrary, it specifically authorizes now world community on our side, U.S. Nations or to go it alone if the United the use of force on a unilateral, go-it- Armed Forces going alone. Should we Nations fails to act. He seeks this uni- alone basis, that is, without Security need to consider that possibility at a lateral authority even though he does Council authorization. The President’s future time, the resolution provides for not condition its use on the threat to rhetoric does not match the resolution the immediate recall of Congress to do the United States by Saddam as being before us. so. imminent. The White House approach also au- Our resolution does not, on the mat- Indeed, the President stated in the thorizes the use of force beyond dealing ter of war and peace, life and death, ex- national security strategy that was re- with Iraq’s weapons of mass destruc- ceed the grant of authority needed by leased by the White House last month tion and their means of delivery, which the President at this time. that preemptive attacks to forestall or is also a difference from my resolution. If Congress instead endorses the prevent hostile acts by our adversaries The resolution which I offer on behalf White House approach, allowing the can now be undertaken although a of those cosponsors and myself is con- unilateral use of force at this time, threat is not imminent. sistent with how I think most Ameri- even in the absence of a U.N. author- The new strategy the President has cans want us to proceed. It emphasizes ization, we will be sending an incon- adopted explicitly states: the importance of dealing with Iraq on sistent message. We will be telling the We just adapt the concept of imminent a multilateral basis, and it withholds United Nations that if they do not act, threat to the capabilities and objectives of judgment at this time on the question we will, at the same time we are urging today’s adversaries. Rogue states and terror- of whether the United States should go them to act. We would be taking the ists do not seek to attack us using conven- it alone, that is, whether we should act U.N. off the hook if we adopt the go-it- tional means. unilaterally against Iraq if the United alone resolution. We would be telling The President’s Iraq resolution and Nations fails to act. the United Nations they are not par- the national security strategy, there- This resolution I am offering does the ticularly relevant at the same time we fore, both take the position that an im- following: First, it urges the United are urging them to be very relevant. If minent threat is no longer required as Nations Security Council to adopt a we want the United Nations to be rel- a basis for our military action in self- resolution promptly that demands un- evant and credible, if we want the defense. The President is explicitly conditional access for U.N. inspectors United Nations to succeed, if we want seeking to modify the traditional con- so Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction the United Nations not to be limited to cept of preemption by deleting the and prohibited ballistic missiles may humanitarian and disaster relief and need for ‘‘imminent’’ and substituting be located and destroyed, and within other tasks that are mighty useful but that of ‘‘sufficient threat’’ in the strat- that same U.N. resolution authorizes not essential—and I think most of us egy document and ‘‘continuing threat’’ the use of necessary and appropriate do—then we have to focus our efforts in the proposed resolution—dropping force by U.N. member states as a there and give those efforts a chance to the requirement for ‘‘imminent’’—that means of enforcement in the event that succeed. the threat be imminent—and sub- Iraq refuses to comply. If we act wisely, authorizing the use stituting something far less—‘‘suffi- Our resolution also specifically au- of our forces pursuant to a U.N. resolu- cient’’ or ‘‘continuing.’’ thorizes use of United States Armed tion authorizing member States to use

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.131 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10193 force, we will not only unite the Con- ize that kind of attack, in the absence looking down the barrel of a gun. I gress, ultimately we will unite the of an imminent threat, we will be set- think only the credible threat of force world community on a course of action ting the world on a very different will, indeed, disarm Saddam Hussein. that will seek the elimination of Sad- course, and we must consider a long But the question remains whether or dam Hussein’s ability to threaten the time before doing that. That is what not we want that force to be the world with weapons of mass destruc- we should be called back into session world’s authorized, supported force, or tion. That is where our focus should be, to consider if the U.N. does not author- whether or not we at this time want to uniting the world, not dividing it. ize force. say, well, if they don’t, we will. We will Moreover, a going-alone approach, in By seeking a U.N. resolution that go it alone. When we do not need to ad- which we attack Iraq without the sup- will authorize U.N. member States to dress that issue at this time when the port and participation of the world use force if Iraq does not comply with President is going to the United Na- community, entails serious risks and its terms, we are not giving the United tions, when it undermines our argu- could have serious consequences for us Nations a veto over the conduct of our ment at the United Nations that we in the Middle East and around the foreign policy. What we are doing is want them and need them to adopt a world. It makes a difference, when de- getting from the United Nations strong resolution, to enforce it, to au- ciding to use force, whether that use of strength and international support thorize member states to use military force has the support of the world com- should military force be necessary. We force to enforce it. That is the direc- munity. It makes a difference for us in should be seeking to unite the world tion we should be going, that is the the current situation involving a pos- against Saddam Hussein, not dividing focus we should have, and it should be sible attack on Iraq. If we go it alone, it. Our immediate objective should be strong and undiluted, the question of will we be able to use air bases, ports, to get the United Nations to act, lo- whether we authorize at this time a go- supply bases, overflight rights in the cate, and destroy Iraq’s weapons of it-alone approach, when that is not region? Those rights and capabilities mass destruction and the means of de- what is needed at this time. are important to the success of a mili- livering them. The threat Saddam pre- Congress should give the President tary operation against Saddam. sents is real and we should deal with it. what he said in Cincinnati he was ask- The Saudis have said publicly that But authorization for preemptive, uni- ing for: The authority to use U.S. mili- without the U.N. authorization, we will lateral U.S. action in Iraq does not tary force to enforce U.S. Security not have access to important bases, need to, and should not be granted at Council demands; not what the resolu- and that is just one country. Others this time. If the U.N. does not act, Con- tion that is supported by the White have said something very similar. If we gress can be called back promptly to House provides, which is going-it-alone go it alone, will there be a reduction in consider a request to authorize force authority. Our focus then would be the broad international support for the unilaterally and to consider the serious where it belongs, securing a United Na- war on terrorism, including the law en- and different risks involved in pursuing tions resolution that can unite the forcement, financial and intelligence the unilateral course. world; that has the best chance of forc- cooperation that is so essential? If we Last Monday’s Washington Post caring compliance and avoiding war; that go it alone, will that destabilize an al- ried a story in which a senior European reduces the risk to our forces and to ready volatile region and undermine official’s response to the U.S. going it our interests throughout the world; governments such as Jordan and Paki- alone was: that avoids to the maximum extent possible the negative consequences if stan? Could we possibly end up with a A lot of Europeans would feel they had radical regime in Pakistan, a country been put in an intolerable position. force is required, including the loss of cooperation on the war on terrorism. which has nuclear weapons? If we go it For those who would agree to partici- That is the best chance of isolating alone, will Saddam Hussein or his mili- pate militarily: Saddam Hussein, rather than isolating tary commanders be more likely to use . . . it would be less a coalition of the will- weapons of mass destruction against the United States. ing than of the dragooned. I wonder how much time I have re- other nations in the region and against Javier Solana, former NATO Sec- our military forces in response to our maining? retary-General, currently the EU’s top Ms. STABENOW. Will the Senator attack? That would be the case if he foreign policy official, in an address at yield? faced a U.N.-authorized coalition, par- NATO headquarters last week stated: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ticularly if that coalition included Ad hoc coalitions of docile followers to be ator has 10 minutes. Muslim nations as the coalition did chosen or discarded at will is neither attrac- Mr. LEVIN. I am happy to yield 4 during the gulf war. tive nor sustainable. minutes to my colleague from Michi- If we go it alone, will we be undercut- Just last week, after hearing from gan. ting efforts to get other countries to Prime Minister Blair and Foreign Min- Ms. STABENOW. Mr. President, I help us with the expensive and lengthy ister Straw, the ruling Labor Party’s thank my colleague and friend from task of stabilizing Iraq after Saddam is conference in Britain issued a formal Michigan for his thoughtful approach. I removed? Beyond the current situation position on Iraq that included the fol- believe what Senator LEVIN has put relative to using force in Iraq, going it lowing: forward is the right approach. It mini- alone without U.N. authorization, The conference believes that the authority mizes the risk to our country, to our based on a modified concept of preemp- of the U.N. will be undermined unless it is troops, and maximizes the ability for tion that no longer requires the threat enforced, and recognizes that in the last re- the world community, including the to be imminent, will lead to a serious sort this could involve military action but United States, to come together, to risk to international peace and secu- considers that this should be taken within make sure that Saddam Hussein does rity. If we act unilaterally, without the context of international law and with not have the opportunity to use weap- U.N. authority or an imminent threat, the authority of the U.N. ons of mass destruction against us or that will create a dangerous situation Just last Friday, Turkey’s Presi- against anyone else in the world. for international peace and stability in dential spokesman said his nation I would, just to support Senator the long term. We will be inviting would participate in a campaign LEVIN, quote again as I did last week other nations to forego an important against Iraq only if the world body on the floor of the Senate in my own rule of international law requiring a blessed them, stating ‘‘an operation statement, Brent Scowcroft, former serious and imminent threat before one not based on international law cannot National Security Adviser to President nation can attack another nation in be accepted.’’ Bush, who wrote in the Wall Street the name of self-defense. The best chance of having Saddam Journal: An attack on Iraq at this time India and Pakistan have a continuing Hussein comply with U.N. Security would seriously jeopardize, if not de- threat, in their view, from each other. Council resolutions is to make sure stroy, the global counterterrorism Even Greece and Turkey at times view when he looks down the barrel of a gun campaign we have undertaken. Ignor- each other as a continuing threat. If that he sees the world at the other end, ing that clear world sentiment against that becomes the test, and if we set the not just the United States. I believe he an attack would result in a serious deg- precedent in this resolution to author- will not open up to inspections without radation in international cooperation

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.134 S09PT1 S10194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 with us against terrorism. And make pressed by several of my colleagues on with him personally. The Secretary of no mistake, we simply cannot win that this side with respect to that part. State is doing everything possible to war without enthusiastic international Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, re- avoid a two-step process. I say regret- cooperation, especially on intelligence. spectfully and regrettably, I object. tably to my good friend, were we to I believe Senator LEVIN’s approach The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- adopt this amendment, it would com- guarantees we keep our focus on the tion is heard. pletely dislodge the efforts ongoing at coalition that has come together to Is there objection to both requests? this time in the United Nations to get, fight terrorism in the world and at the Mr. WARNER. The Chair is correct, if possible, one single No. 17 resolution same time gives us the opportunity to to both requests. and put it in place. build that same coalition to turn at- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- Mr. LEVIN. I turn that into a ques- tention to the threats of Saddam Hus- tion is heard. tion, whether or not I agree. It seems sein. We can do both. We can do it cor- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I hope the to me the opposite is true. We are ask- rectly. And we can minimize the risk Senator will reconsider that. ing the United Nations to take action. that I believe will be there if we, in I withdraw my request for the mo- We want them to do it with one step. fact, rush to act alone. ment. My resolution urges one step—impose I thank Senator LEVIN, again, cer- Mr. REID. Mr. President, it is my un- the obligation on Saddam Hussein, and tainly as Chair of the Armed Services derstanding the time of the Senator authorize force to enforce that man- Committee, for his continual service to from West Virginia has not been off the date. It is one step in my resolution. time of the Senator from Michigan. our country and his understanding of If we go to the U.N., as we are now The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- what it takes to make sure we are able doing, and say we really need you, it is ator is correct. to keep our focus on terrorism and really important we have United Na- take the time and the opportunity to Mr. REID. The Senator from Michi- gan now has 6 minutes. Is that right? tions support, that is what we are say- build that same coalition to address ing, the President said we want you to the threats of Saddam Hussein’s weap- The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is correct. be credible, it is totally inconsistent at ons of mass destruction. the same time in your resolution to I urge my colleagues to support the Mr. LEVIN. I understand my friends say, by the way, if you do not do it, we Levin approach. I believe this is the ap- have some questions which I would be will. It just takes the United Nations proach that will allow us to make sure happy to try to answer on my 6 min- off the hook. It sends the opposite mes- we do this right. I urge its adoption. utes. sage to the U.N. from what we should I yield the floor. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- be saying to the United Nations and I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Michigan is recognized. thought the President was saying to ator from Michigan has 6 minutes re- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I thank the United Nations: We want you to be maining. my distinguished colleague for permit- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unan- ting my colleague from Connecticut credible. We need the world to come to- imous consent to modify my amend- and myself to ask questions. I think gether for Saddam Hussein. ment No. 4868 to remove paragraph 2, the Senator from Connecticut can go The resolution that the Senator from and further I ask consent to modify my first with his question. Virginia and the Senator from Con- amendment No. 4869 to change the ref- Mr. LIEBERMAN. I thank my friend necticut supports is basically to say, if erences to Sec. 3(a) to 4(a). from Michigan. you do not do it, we will go it alone. Mr. REID. Reserving the right to ob- Let me ask this question. The Sen- That is the wrong message to the ject, could the Senator from West Vir- ator’s amendment provides the Senate world for many reasons. ginia tell us what these changes mean? not adjourn this year and return to ses- Mr. LIEBERMAN. Will the Senator Mr. BYRD. Yes. The second one is sion at any time before the next Con- yield? just a technical change in paragraphs, gress convenes to consider promptly Mr. LEVIN. I would be happy to do from 3(a) to 4(a). It makes no change in proposals relative to Iraq if, in the that. judgment of the President, the United the substance of the amendment. Mr. LIEBERMAN. I thank the Sen- The other change, I asked unanimous Nations Security Council fails to adopt ator. consent to modify my amendment No. or enforce the resolution described in 4868 to remove paragraph 2. This paragraph 2. My friend from Michigan knows one amendment is not affected by germane- My question to the Senator from of the reasons I cosponsored the resolu- ness, no matter what happens. As sub- Michigan is whether he has decided tion underlying it is I believe the best mitted to the desk earlier, paragraph 2 under those circumstances whether he way for us to get the United Nations to is as follows—I want to take this out. would support a resolution authorizing act to enforce its own resolutions is if Here is what I am moving to do. I can the President to use force and the we make clear we are prepared to do so best clarify it by reading the entire Armed Forces of the United States to ourselves, although that is not our amendment, and then I will state to enforce the United Nations resolutions. preference. the Senate where I want it cut off. Mr. LEVIN. I think the cir- Here is my question: In section 3(3) of My amendment would be Sec. 5. Stat- cumstances would determine the an- the Senator’s amendment, you do af- utory Construction. swer to that question that exists at the firm under international law the U.S. Nothing in this Joint Resolution— time. But the risks of going it alone has at all times the inherent right to (1) is intended to alter the constitutional are so much greater than going multi- use military force itself. You argued authorities of the Congress to declare war, lateral support. It seems to me we tonight that is an indication that those grant letters of Marque and Reprisal, or should consider those risks before who have said your amendment gives a other authorities invested in Congress by reaching a decision. Tonight I have laid veto to U.N. over U.S. actions are not Section 8, article I of the Constitution; or correct. But isn’t it true the section that is straightforward. out some of those risks which I believe are serious risks of going it alone. That just below, section 4(a) of your amend- Now, the part I wanted to take out is what I think we would all need to ment, says the President is authorized says: consider at great length before author- to use the Armed Forces of the U.S. to Or, (2) shall be construed as granting any izing going-it-alone authority. destroy, remove, or render harmless authority to the President to use the United Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I say to Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, nu- States Armed Forces for any purpose not di- my good friend, regrettably we have to clear weapons material, ballistic mis- rectly related to a clear threat of imminent, siles, et cetera, only pursuant to a res- sudden, and direct attack upon the United very forcefully object to your amend- States, its possessions or territories, or the ment before the vote. But I say that olution of the United Nations Security Armed Forces of the United States, unless our President, at the urging of every- Council as described above? the Congress of the United States otherwise body who said go to the United Na- So while you recognize the inherent authorizes. tions, went to the United Nations. He right of the U.S. to defend itself, to I am asking to lop off that second gave a brilliant speech. The Secretary take military action in self-defense, paragraph. I had some concerns ex- of State met with us yesterday. I met isn’t it true your amendment does give

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.136 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10195 the United Nations a veto over the au- against Iraq to enforce outstanding Mr. LEVIN. No. You have asked me thority of the United States to take ac- U.N. resolutions. to interpret the words ‘‘inherent right tion to enforce the resolutions of the Mr. LEVIN. I will put that in the of self-defense.’’ What I am saying is, United Nations? form of a question. under international law, self-defense Mr. LEVIN. It is quite the opposite. I vehemently disagree. I urge the requires that a threat be imminent. The good Senator from Connecticut Senator from Connecticut to read the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- read the language which makes it clear language, which flat out says: We af- ator’s time has expired. there is no veto. We can always have firm ‘‘the United States has at all Mr. LIEBERMAN. I thank the Sen- the inherent right to use military force times the inherent right to use mili- ator. in self-defense, period. We never will tary force in self-defense. . . .’’ We af- Mr. LEVIN. I thank my friend from yield that to the United Nations or to firm that. Connecticut. anyone else. The Senator from Connecticut, in the Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, par- My good friend from Connecticut was resolution in 1991, did not even affirm liamentary inquiry. the author of a resolution back in 1991. that. It just simply authorized the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- He led the way on this authorization in President to use military force pursu- ator will state his inquiry. the gulf war. The Senator was correct ant to the United Nations Security Mr. SARBANES. What is the par- in his analysis, that we should move in Council resolution. No one suggested liamentary situation? the gulf war, and my good friend from then that anyone was ceding the power The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Virginia was as well. That resolution to use our force to the United Nations. the previous order, the Senator from the Senator from Connecticut offered Yet in our resolution, the alternative Maryland is to be recognized for up to to support military action in the gulf resolution, the multilateral resolution, 30 minutes. war said the following: The President for some reason, the folks who are sup- Mr. SARBANES. I thank the Chair. is authorized, subject to subsection (b), porting the go-it-alone resolution are Mr. REID. Mr. President, if the Sen- to use United States Armed Forces suggesting we are ceding something to ator will yield, I ask unanimous con- pursuant to United Nations Security the U.N. when we explicitly reaffirm sent that the time not run against the Council Resolution 678. our right to self-defense. Senator from Maryland for a unani- The Senator from Connecticut and Mr. LIEBERMAN. I do not think we mous consent request that we would the Senator from Virginia in the gulf will ever go it alone because we are like to have adopted. war resolution had language which was going to the United Nations. But how Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I adopted by a close majority, but none- then does the Senator read section 4(a) yield to the Senator for the purposes of theless adopted, which said the Presi- of his amendment, which says clearly his unanimous consent request, with dent is authorized to use United States that the President can only use the the understanding I not lose my right Armed Forces pursuant to the United Armed Forces of the United States to to the floor. Nations Security Council resolution. destroy, disarm Iraq’s weapons of mass The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Nobody suggested then that the Sen- destruction if there is U.N. permission? objection, it is so ordered. ator from Connecticut was giving the Mr. LEVIN. Where does the word Mr. REID. I would also say we have a United Nations a veto over U.S. mili- ‘‘only’’ appear in that resolution? number of people who want to speak. It tary force. That was a grant of author- Mr. LIEBERMAN. I will read it: is a little bit difficult because we have ity to enforce a United Nations resolu- Pursuant to a resolution of the United Na- Senator LEVIN and Senator SARBANES tion. That is the same language we are tions Security Council described in section for an hour. So I know that some of my using. 3(2) that is adopted after the enactment of colleagues on this side have been wait- Mr. LIEBERMAN. The Senator from this joint resolution . . . the President is au- ing a long time. But we have also had Michigan is quite correct. The dif- thorized to use the Armed Forces of the people over here waiting a long time. ference, I want to respectfully suggest, United States. . . . So this would be my suggestion as to is in the context—in the historical con- Mr. LEVIN. Where does the word the time: That following the statement text. There was an invasion by Iraq of ‘‘only’’ appear in this resolution? That of Senator SARBANES, Senator HUTCH- Kuwait. There had already been a is my question to my dear friend from INSON be recognized for 25 minutes; fol- United Nations Security Council reso- Connecticut. The Senator added a word lowing that, Senator THOMPSON be rec- lution. That is why the authority was that is not in the resolution and ig- ognized for 20 minutes; following that, as described. nores a paragraph, saying we have an Senator MURRAY be recognized for 20 Here, this resolution by Senators inherent right of self-defense, that is in minutes; Senator ENZI for 20 minutes; WARNER, MCCAIN, BAYH, and I have in- the resolution. Senator REED for 40 minutes; Senator troduced is based on a record now of 11 Mr. LIEBERMAN. Now we have CHAFEE for 7 minutes; and then Sen- years in which everything else has been joined the issue. ator DURBIN for 30 minutes. tried to get Iraq to comply with those Then I ask the Senator this final The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there resolutions, and they haven’t. question: Would it be the Senator’s objection? I think the difference here—I ask the opinion that enforcement of out- Without objection, it is so ordered. Senator if he would react—is that the standing U.N. Security Council resolu- Mr. REID. Now, if my friend from Senator has acknowledged the obvious tions would amount to an act of self- Maryland would withhold, we have a inherent right of the United States to defense and, therefore, the President of unanimous consent request that I gave act in self-defense. That is a higher the United States could do that with- to be copied, and it has not shown up. standard than the question of acting to out an authorizing resolution from the Here it comes. I would really like to enforce United Nations Security Coun- United Nations? get that done. cil resolutions. In other words, it may Mr. LEVIN. We have an inherent Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I un- be I might argue that is not in self-de- right to use military force in self-de- derstand, under the unanimous consent fense because I believe if we do not dis- fense, and that means, under law which agreement, this time is not being arm Saddam Hussein, he will eventu- is well established, that if there is an charged against my time. ally strike us and our allies. But, in imminent threat to the United States, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- any case, in affirming a right of self- we do not have to wait for that threat ator is correct. defense, the Senator has set a standard to be implemented. We can act against Mr. REID. I suggest the absence of a that is not carried out in a later sec- any imminent threat whether or not quorum. As soon as the quorum call is tion which makes our ability to en- there is a U.N. resolution covering that called off, I will do the unanimous con- force those resolutions pursuant to threat. If it is an imminent threat, we sent request and give the time to the United Nations authorization. may act in self-defense. Senator that he is entitled to anyway. So to that extent, your amendment Mr. LIEBERMAN. In that case, is it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The would give the United Nations a veto not true the Senator from Michigan is clerk will call the roll. over whether the President of the adding a word, which is the word ‘‘im- The legislative clerk proceeded to United States could take action minent’’? call the roll.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:52 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.139 S09PT1 S10196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. REED. You did agree to the list? imous consent that the order for the objection? Mr. REID. Following Senator THOMP- quorum call be rescinded. Without objection, it is so ordered. SON, Senator REED is recognized for 40 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. REID. Mr. President, having minutes, Senator ENZI, 20 minutes, and objection, it is so ordered. done that, I really appreciate very then Senator DURBIN for 30 minutes. Mr. REID. Mr. President, let me, just much Senator SARBANES yielding. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there as a background, indicate that Sen- would ask that after Senator SARBANES objection? ators LEVIN, BOXER, and DURBIN have finishes his statement, Senator Without objection, it is so ordered. been most cooperative. They have CHAFEE, who has agreed to speak for The Senator from Maryland is recog- amendments that have been filed in the only 7 minutes—rather than his wait- nized under the previous order. appropriate form. They have indicated ing at the bottom of the list, I wonder Mr. LEVIN. Will the Senator yield for a unanimous consent request? they will offer each amendment tomor- if we could get him up at the top of the Mr. SARBANES. I yield to the Sen- row. Senator LEVIN’s is pending to- list to speak, and hopefully maybe Sen- ator. night. We will dispose of these amend- ators HUTCHINSON or THOMPSON may ments, and they will offer no other Mr. LEVIN. I ask unanimous consent not use all their time. That may work that Senator AKAKA be added as a co- amendments tomorrow. out OK anyway. Senator BOXER’s is going to be dis- sponsor of our amendment. My question is, Does anyone object The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without posed of at some length. She is always to Senator CHAFEE speaking first? very deliberate in what she does. She objection, it is so ordered. Mr. MCCAIN. Reserving the right to The Senator from Maryland. recognizes this amendment is good, object—I won’t object—I wanted to Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I recognizes that the best way to handle take a second to thank Senator REID first want to commend, in the very this, though, is to have a colloquy to- for arranging the disposition of this strongest terms, the very able Senator morrow. I have spoken to the minority very difficult issue in an equitable from Michigan, chairman of the Armed manager on this matter. He has agreed fashion to all. I thank him for a mas- Services Committee, for the powerful to enter into a colloquy with her. We terful job that a few hours ago did not statement he just made and for the have discussed what that would be. seem likely. analysis he has brought to this criti- Mr. WARNER. That is correct. Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there cally important issue. ator MCCAIN and I will engage in a col- objection? In my judgment, he has drawn the es- loquy. Mr. WARNER. May I join Senator sential lines of distinction and dif- Mr. REID. I therefore ask unanimous MCCAIN. Also, there is reference in here ferentiation. They are reflected in the consent that following the disposition to time allocated to Senator MCCAIN amendment that is now before us, of Senator BYRD’s amendment No. 4868, and myself. We will assure our distin- the Senate resume consideration of which I hope will be adopted tomorrow guished Senator from Connecticut that when it is offered as a substitute to the Senator LEVIN’s amendment No. 4862; that the amendment be in order not- that time will be given to him as allot- pending Lieberman proposal. At the end of World War II, the withstanding the provisions of rule ted between Senator MCCAIN and my- United States stood astride the world XXII; that there be 50 minutes under self. Lastly, Mr. President, we still have a like a colossus. We were preeminently the control of Senator LEVIN and 45 the most powerful nation—in some re- minutes in opposition divided as fol- number of Members who have been attempting to make statements relative spects, more powerful even than we are lows: 15 minutes for Senator BIDEN, 15 to the underlying bill. I assure Sen- today, although we are once again cer- minutes for Senator WARNER, and 15 ators DEWINE, COLLINS, SPECTER, and tainly the most powerful nation. At minutes for Senator MCCAIN—this would be in opposition to the Levin others that we will be working with the end of World War II, the United amendment—that upon the use or them with regard to scheduling tomor- States had an overwhelming military yielding back of that time, the Senate row. capacity and overwhelming economic vote without any intervening action Mr. REID. I would also say, I appre- strength, but at that time we chose to on, or in relation to, Senator LEVIN’s ciate very much the cooperation of ev- act multilaterally, to make our way in amendment; that upon disposition of eryone. But before we start doing too the world on the basis of cooperation, his amendment, Senator DURBIN be rec- much back slapping here, tomorrow is to help found the United Nations. The ognized to call up amendment No. 4865; going to be a really difficult day. We United States played a leading role in that Senator DURBIN control 40 min- have to be prepared for that. creating the U.N. framework and has utes for debate and 10 minutes for Sen- Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, we rec- exercised extraordinary influence with- ognize that. ator BIDEN and 15 minutes for Senators in it ever since. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The question of how we are to exer- WARNER and MCCAIN in opposition, a total of 35 minutes, plus the 10 minutes ator from Washington. cise our power is a critically important Mrs. MURRAY. Reserving the right question. We need to recognize that, for Senator BIDEN—it would be 10 min- to object, would the Senator clarify the for it is at issue here. We face a real di- utes for Senator BIDEN, 15 minutes list of speakers following Senator SAR- viding line: are we going to seek to ex- combined for Senators WARNER and BANES with the change regarding Sen- ercise our power in cooperation, in co- MCCAIN—that upon the use or yielding back of that time, the Senate vote ator CHAFEE? ordination with others, which in the Mr. REID. Senators CHAFEE, HUTCH- without any intervening action on or current context means working INSON, and THOMPSON would be before through the United Nations; or are we in relation to Senator DURBIN’s amend- you, and Senator CHAFEE has 7 min- ment; that no second-degree amend- going to move down the path of assert- utes. Senator HUTCHINSON has 25, and ments be in order to either of these ing a unilateral preemptive preroga- Senator THOMPSON has 20. I would say above-listed amendments. tive, in effect, asserting our right to do I suggest the absence of a quorum. to my friend from Washington, you what we want anywhere, anytime, to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The have been here for at least 4 hours that anyone. The comprehensive strategic clerk will call the roll. I know of. But the point is, we are doctrine that the administration issued The legislative clerk proceeded to using up a lot of time with Senator only a short while ago would take us call the roll. LEVIN and Senator SARBANES. They are down that unilateral path. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- really entitled to that time only from It goes without saying, as the able imous consent that the order for the an equitable standpoint, not from the Senator from Michigan pointed out, quorum call be rescinded. fact that anyone could object to it. that the United States has an inherent The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there right of self-defense; this right is rec- objection, it is so ordered. objection? ognized in his amendment. In fact, Mr. REID. The only change I would Mr. REED. Reserving right to ob- international law and the United Na- make in the request I just made is that ject—— tions Charter both recognize that in- Senator DURBIN have an up-or-down Mr. REID. You are already in the herent right to use military force in vote on his amendment. queue. self-defense.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:52 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.143 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10197 But as the Senator very carefully with the inspectors and made it impos- and using our action as their justifica- pointed out in his most thoughtful sible for them to see the total picture. tion? statement, under international law I don’t differ with that. But I want to A very tense situation exists between that inherent right to use military emphasize that the inspectors did a India and Pakistan, and in other parts force in self-defense is justified in re- very good job. They discovered and de- of the world. What message do we send sponse to an imminent threat. Now we stroyed a lot of weaponry, and they by acting unilaterally? This is a very have an effort to change that standard. very substantially reduced Saddam’s important question for us, especially as I think such a change is fraught with capabilities. we are now so powerful. danger both for our position in the I fail to understand why, if we have Interestingly enough, the more pow- world and for our leadership status. the opportunity to send them back erful you are, the more urgent this We have to re-affirm the long-stand- under terms that will enable them to question becomes. Stanley Hoffmann ing principle that the most effective do their job, we would not pursue that has made this point in a very thought- way to accomplish our goals is to work option before resorting to military ful and provocative article, and I ask in concert with others. No one is pro- force. Why would we not do that? Why unanimous consent the article be posing to give away our ultimate au- would we not explore to the limit the printed in the RECORD at the end of my thority to act. The President can al- possibility of resolving the situation remarks—— ways come back to us to seek such an without having to resort to war? The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr SCHU- authorization. In fact, if the Senator Think of the experience of the past MER). Without objection, it is so or- from Michigan will yield for a ques- fifty-plus years. International coopera- dered. tion has worked brilliantly for the (See exhibit 1.) tion—— Mr. SARBANES. Stanley Hoffmann Mr. LEVIN. Yes. United States for over half a century. has pointed out it is precisely the most Mr. SARBANES. As I read the President Truman, President Eisen- powerful state that has the greatest in- amendment, the Senator provides that hower, and their successors, faced terest in links of reciprocity, inter- the President could come back to Con- grave provocations at critical turning national law, and mutual restraint; gress to seek authority if he decided it points but refrained from taking uni- that a superpower must take special was necessary to proceed on the unilat- lateral military action. There were care not to provoke the united resist- eral path; is that correct? some who argued at the end of World ance of lesser powers. The challenge, Mr. LEVIN. The Senator is correct. War II that the United States should Mr. SARBANES. On the other hand, and it is a challenge, is to work coop- attack the Soviet Union, at a time eratively, through the international in- his amendment provides an authority when the United States had a nuclear stitutions. In doing so we join with to act in support of multilateral ac- capability and the Soviet Union did others to register a judgment of the en- tion, as reflected in the adoption of a not. That argument was rejected, tire international community, and we U.N. resolution, which would seek to rightly, by President Truman. can then use our strength to carry out deal with the threat Saddam Hussein We had the foresight and the wisdom this judgment of the international presents to the region and to the world; at the time to see the importance of community, again in cooperation with is that correct? cooperative international relationships others. Failure to do that, I think, is Mr. LEVIN. The Senator is abso- to protecting our security broadly de- fraught with dangers for our continued lutely correct. fined. Our security is not one-dimen- leadership position in the world. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, this sional: it encompasses military mat- It seems to me the distinction made is an extremely important point. It is ters, of course, but also economic and in this amendment is a critical one. It not enough to be strong; you have to be political matters. The United States reserves to the United States the power smart as well. You have to be both must work in a world environment in to act in self-defense. It provides au- strong and smart. If we insist on acting which we seek to maximize coopera- thority to back a U.N. action and it alone, the potential consequences are tion. We run great dangers if we pro- leaves open, of course, the possibility obviously very great. ceed unilaterally. of the President’s coming back to the First of all—although it has been as- This amendment says, in effect, that Congress to request an authority to act serted by some to the contrary—many at the present time the Congress is not unilaterally, which would then enable believe it will impede and adversely af- going to provide an authority for uni- us to assess the circumstances and the fect the war against terrorism. Why do lateral action. It also says that if the consequences under those cir- they believe that? Because the war President concludes that such action is cumstances of granting such an action. against terrorism, as Brent Scowcroft necessary, he can come back to the We have an opportunity here to has pointed out in a number of articles, Congress and request the necessary au- achieve our ends—the destruction of requires the cooperation of other na- thority. This is an effort to support a this program of weapons of mass de- tions, the broadest possible coalition of multilateral effort. struction, assuming that is our end— nations. We need the contributions of Does anyone seriously contest the without resorting to unilateral mili- their intelligence services. We need proposition that if we act in concert tary action, and I think that is the op- their cooperation in tracing and cut- with other nations, if the U.S. action tion we should pursue at this time. ting off money that is going to fund has the support of the international As a matter of fact, the authority terrorist activities. We need other na- community, then the possibility of tur- contained in the underlying resolution tions to help us monitor and control bulence in other countries in the re- cites Iraq’s violation of all previous the movement of people across fron- gion, with which we have had impor- U.N. resolutions as a basis for acting. tiers and borders. If the United States tant longstanding relationships, will be Some of those previous resolutions did says to the rest of the world that we much less, and the support that will not deal with the issue of weapons of are just going to go our own way, we come from elsewhere in the world will mass destruction at all. One dealt with will be hard put to turn around and ex- be much greater? violations of the oil embargo. Another pect a high degree of cooperation and Furthermore, consider for a moment dealt with accounting for missing pris- participation when we need it badly. the precedent we are setting if we oners of war. Is it intended that we au- We have to work with others. There is adopt this model of unilateral preemp- thorize the use of military force to no question about that. tive action. achieve the objectives of these and Efforts are underway at the U.N. now We have worked very hard to try to other resolutions not directed to the to develop a very strong resolution as develop international law in the United issue of weapons of mass destruction? I the basis for sending the inspectors Nations institutions which can check would hope not. But in fact that is pre- back into Iraq. I support that effort. I the danger that countries will seek to cisely what the underlying resolution, don’t understand those who seem to attack others, but if we assert our the Warner-Lieberman resolution, pro- just dismiss the possibility of what the right to undertake preemptive action vides, and what the administration inspectors might accomplish. Others on a unilateral basis, act can do a uni- supports. have said that the inspection system lateral preemption, what will keep I am not going to address the very was futile, that Saddam played games other countries from doing the same, broad resolution that the President

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:52 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.145 S09PT1 S10198 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 originally sent here. I find it difficult tire infrastructure needs to be rebuilt; Nations. It acknowledges, appreciates, to understand the administration’s rea- the central government has no effec- encourages the President to go forward soning in sending such a proposal to tive control of the country and barely at the United Nations, but it is based the Congress, given the thinking it rep- of the capital. Its elected President on the premise that if we indicate a resented about the role of the Congress Hamid Karzai is a man of great cour- willingness to lead, even in leading an in making a decision with respect to age. He has asked for continuing inter- international coalition, to enforce U.N. the use of military force. On a matter national support. He said over the resolutions if someone exercises a veto as grave and momentous as this, it is a weekend: against doing that at the Security matter of great concern. I believe the presence of the international Council, that others will follow. I think That resolution was apparently writ- forces here should be for as long as the Af- the strength in our underlying resolu- ten in the White House counsel’s office. ghan people need them. The essential thing tion is the best way to guarantee that It was not written at the State Depart- here is to help Afghanistan stand back on its either through the U.N. or after—— ment. It was not written by those who feet to defend itself and defend against ter- Mr. SARBANES. My perception of have had to deal with these difficult rorism and radicalism. the underlying resolution is that it and complex issues. It created such And then the rest of the world can go and we will be able to manage on our own.’’ says to the world the following: we are concern when it was first sent to the here, we want to get this resolution, we Hill that efforts were subsequently International forces are in Afghani- want to work together, but if you will made to modify it somewhat. But the stan, and the world has registered a not do it our way, then we are going to basic difficulty remains: like its prede- judgment there. I frankly think the do it unilaterally, and in any event we cessor, the revised resolution posits United States could and should be assert the right to act unilaterally. It unilateral and not multilateral action. doing more than it currently is to as- is part and parcel of the new strategic I think the United States at this sure the progress of the Afghan recon- doctrine that has just been announced. point needs to focus all its energies on struction. We have an important stake For the life of me I do not understand acting in concert with the inter- there, much too important to relegate why the administration chose this par- national community to send a very to a back seat. On the contrary, we ticular moment to proclaim this doc- strong message to Saddam Hussein. must remain focused, to make sure trine, which obviously raises ll sorts of That message will be much stronger for that it is carried through to success. additional red flags about what their having the support of the international Mr. LIEBERMAN. Will the Senator intentions with respect to the U.S. role community and representing the judge- yield for a question? around the world. ment of the international community. Mr. SARBANES. How much time do I There is no question that the United To those who say, Suppose they don’t have? States is the most powerful country in act? I would respond that we will con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the world. I do not recall the precise sider the matter in the light of that ator from Maryland has 6 minutes and figure, but the American military circumstance. But the chances are bet- 56 seconds. budget is more than the sum of I do not ter, I think, that the international Mr. SARBANES. I will yield briefly. know how many countries that follow community will act through the United Mr. LIEBERMAN. First, I want to along behind us. Yes, we have incred- Nations if the U.S. makes its case and say I agree with the Senator totally ible military resources and power. We calls upon other nations to join in the concerning his comments about Af- can go around the world and whack effort. ghanistan, and I hope if the time anybody we choose. We can brush al- To those who say that by seeking comes, as I hope and pray it will, that most anyone aside. multilateral, U.N. action we are giving there is a post-Saddam Iraq, we will But is that what we want for our na- the U.N. a veto over the right of the learn from the mistakes that were tion? Is that the way we choose to con- U.S. to use its military power to defend made in post-Taliban Afghanistan and duct ourselves? Why would we make itself, I say that is absolutely not the devote ourselves to broad peacekeeping such a choice when we have an oppor- case. Under international law the in- which will be necessary in the eco- tunity, if we are smart and skillful and herent right to self-defense is precisely nomic and political redevelopment of have the underlying military strength, defined and recognized. We seek a U.N. the country internationally. But my to work in a way that brings the rest of resolution to reflect the judgement of question—— the international community into con- the international community, and Mr. SARBANES. Let us keep the cert with us? through that resolution we seek to ac- focus on the situation in Afghanistan. We have an opportunity to help for- complish our objectives. That chapter is far from finished. We mulate the judgement of the inter- Congressman HOUGHTON of New York have an opportunity to correct at least national community against someone had an interesting statement on the some of the mistakes we have made in who has clearly violated international floor of the House last night. He said: Afghanistan, but unfortunately we are norms and standards, and to have that The right decision at the wrong time is not doing so. The administration is judgement carried out. Why would we the wrong decision. I think we should very resistant. not seek to do so? keep that in mind as we think about Mr. LIEBERMAN. In Afghanistan? That is the path the Levin proposal how the United States ought to pro- Mr. SARBANES. In Afghanistan, ab- lays out. It avoids the downside of hav- ceed. solutely. ing the United States asserting a uni- Mr. President, I strongly urge my Mr. LIEBERMAN. I agree with the lateral right as the basis for its action. colleagues to think through very care- Senator from Maryland. And, of course, We should not throw away the oppor- fully the implications of a go-it-alone I agree with his—— tunity to work through the United Na- strategy. We need to work with others. Mr. SARBANES. If we do not meet tions and in concert with others to ac- We ought to join in a common effort. our commitments in Afghanistan, what complish our objectives with respect to Other nations can be supportive in nu- lessons will we draw with respect to disarming Iraq, and also to set very im- merous ways. Anyone who talks about our obligations in Iraq? portant precedents and standards for the situation knows that if force is Mr. LIEBERMAN. That we must do it the international community in deal- eventually used against Iraq, there will in Iraq. ing with problems of this kind. It is have to be major reconstruction after- Mr. SARBANES. By ourselves? Is it frustrating to think that we might not wards. Everyone acknowledges this. your view that we do not need the ef- avail ourselves of this opportunity. Who will do it? Will the U.S. do it forts of the international community What will we say when some other alone? We can hardly draw much com- alongside our own? country decides to engage in pre- fort from what we are doing in Afghan- Mr. LIEBERMAN. We do, and that is emptive action on a unilateral basis? If istan. We had an amazing, very suc- the question. I view the underlying res- we condemn the action, arguing that it cessful military action, and yet we now olution I have introduced with Sen- aggravates tensions and creates chaos run the risk of having success turn into ators Warner, McCain, and Bayh as an in the international world, the re- failure. Afghanistan is in the very ear- international resolution. It is all about sponse will be that we have no basis for liest stages of reconstruction: its en- enforcing the resolutions of the United criticism—if we did it, why should

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:52 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.147 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10199 other countries be kept from doing it? war and its rhetoric as a pretext for getting This brings us to the most distressing as- What message will our actions send to dangerously tougher with their own enemies. pect of the year since 9–11: America’s grow- countries in other parts of the world These enemies were charged (often correctly) ing isolation in the world. The war against with terrorism, but their circumstances were terrorist networks that threaten the United where tensions run very high? radically different from those under which States, its allies and even non-allies such as I close with a plea to my colleagues Osama bin Laden deployed his rabid theo- Russia, cannot be won by the United States to recognize the fundamental distinc- logical and anti-Western global network. In alone. For one thing, we need the cooperation between unilateral and multilat- the case of Kashmir, the cynical exploitation tion of other governments in arresting, try- eral action. I ask my colleagues to con- of the antiterrorist cause put the United ing or delivering to use suspects and possible sider how important it is for our fu- States in an embarrassing position, espe- plotters. And if military action becomes nec- ture, in so many ways—not just in cially given Pakistani President Gen. Pervez essary, as it did last year in Afghanistan, we military and security terms, but also Musharraf’s indispensable role in the assault need the participation and endorsement of as on Afghanistan. In the case of the Pales- many countries as possible. Bush Senior suc- for our economic and political and in- tinian intifada, the logic of antiterrorism ceeded in obtaining that kind of cooperation deed the whole range of our interests— pushed Bush into supporting Ariel Sharon— in the Gulf War. A coalition is both a help that we seek to work with others and a stance that shored up Israeli repression and a constructive source of restraint. For a not set out on a path of unilateral ac- and helped justify Sharon’s clever policy of short while immediately after 9–11, the cur- tion. That the U.S. has such great mili- destroying the Palestinian Authority while rent Bush administration seemed to under- tary resources at its command makes accusing it at once of impotence and of en- stand that it unilateralism was an obstacle. the decision that much more urgent. It couraging extremists. This did not last. By the end of the Clinton era, Palestinian Instead, the administration has alienated may seem paradoxical, as Stanley Hoff- and Israeli negotiators in Taba, Egypt, had allies and inflamed adversaries repeatedly man has observed, so powerful a nation been very close to an agreement on all im- over the last year. The multiple, half-baked should choose to work in concert with portant issues. Indeed, the Israel-Palestine rationales for action against Iraq have con- other nations rather than through will- conflicts is one that cannot be resolved with- fused and disturbed even old allies such as ful imposition of its power on others. out strong American input and pressure. Germany and Britain. The notion that the But that principle has served our na- Washington’s post-9–11 tilt toward Sharon, United States retains a prerogative to act tional interests well, and that is where however, has rendered the United States in- alone in its own purported interests or those effectual on this crucial issue—one that our long-term interests lie. of the whole ‘‘world community’’ is clearly many friendly Muslims regard as a test of incompatible with the UN charter and inter- I yield the floor. American goodwill. The ability to resolve national law. The self-perception of a unique EXHIBIT 1 the Palestinian issue was one casualty of the and benevolent American empire charged [From the American Prospect, Sept. 23, 2002] relentless anti-terrorism priority. But there with maintaining order in the world irritates were at least two others that Harvard pro- AMERICA ALONE IN THE WORLD allies and adversaries alike. And the oft-ex- fessor and journalist Michael Ignatieff has (By Stanley Hoffmann) pressed contempt for international institu- noted. An administration that had already tions except those controlled by the United The horrors of September 11 confronted the declared its distaste for ‘‘nation building’’ States—the view that only weak powers United States with an extraordinary chal- and for humanitarian interventions (except should be constrained by them or could ben- lenge and an extraordinary opportunity. The on narrow calculations of national interest) efit from them—has alienated and exas- challenge was to increase our ‘‘homeland se- has become even more indifferent toward hu- perated many of our best friends. curity’’ by measures that might have avert- manitarian considerations. To be sure, the The fact is that the United States took the ed disaster, had they been implemented be- administration spouts pro-democracy rhet- lead in creating these institutions of collec- fore the attacks, and that would minimize oric. But it views humanitarian concerns as tive security after 1945, precisely when it was the risk of similar assaults in the future. mere distractions from the war on terrorism. the strongest superpower. That generation The opportunity was to build on the sym- Similarly, the concern for human rights that understood that it is the hegemonic state, pathy and shock of other nations in order to has occasionally animated U.S. foreign pol- paradoxically, that has the greatest interest construct a broad coalition against the sort icy would have embarrassed or annoyed in links of reciprocity, international law and of terrorism the United States had suffered. many of our allies in the war, including mutual restraint. Alas, it cannot be said that the year was Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Egypt. A Imperial hubris on issues such as the Anti- well used. As the great Oxford and Yale his- foreign policy that took human rights seri- Ballistic Missile Treaty, the Kyoto Protocol torian of war Sir Michael Howard predicted, ously might have helped, in the long run, to and the International Criminal Court have the notion of a ‘‘war’’ on terrorism proved a limit the appeal of terrorism; but human further isolated the United States just when pernicious one. The very word ‘‘war’’ sug- rights are no longer even an ornament of it needs allies most. The administration’s gests military measures and, of course, vic- U.S. diplomacy. case against the court is based on an offen- tory—rather than the difficult, slow and The coherence and consistency that the sive assumption that a UN institution will partly clandestine operations that fighting war was supposed to lend U.S. foreign policy necessarily be unfair to the United States— terrorism entails. So, too, does war allow for have not materialized. The attempts to link and on an interpretation of the U.S. Con- suspending or violating citizens’ liberties, Saddam Hussein’s regime to 9–11 and other stitution that places it above international holding foreigners without due process and terrorist plots have failed; a rational for at- law. Worse, we have bullied other countries resorting to other arbitrary new forms of tacking him and had to be sought elsewhere. to prevent them from signing or applying the justice. The administration is still looking for a con- protocol establishing the court. Moreover, by defining the fight as one vincing one. This ‘‘we don’t need you’’ posture is very against global terrorism—including the sup- Iraq’s quest for weapons of mass destruc- risky for the United States, insulting to oth- posed axis of evil—President George W. Bush tion is not unique. But the new doctrine of ers and mistakenly based on the premise was able to endow his controversial and preventive action against countries that that others can never really proceed without highly partisan agenda with a heroic dimen- work on acquiring such weapons and are hos- us. A superpower must take special care not sion. Using his new popularity and his global tile to the United States is very different to provoke the united resistance of lesser war, he sought to silence or enlist the oppo- from other breaches of state sovereignty as powers. But the Bush administration fails to sition. It’s not exactly the newest trick in sanctioned by modern international law. In appreciate the importance of what Harvard politics. The problem, however, was twofold. the past, collective efforts to curb excessive professor Joseph Nye calls America’s ‘‘soft Conceptually, global terrorism is the sum of aggression on the part of sovereign powers power’’—a power that emanates from the many individual terrorist acts (most of them have been pursued with the benediction of deep sympathies and vast hopes American local) with very different inspirations, dy- the United Nations. In the current instance, society has inspired abroad. namics and scopes. One size does not fit all. we risk acting on our own and creating a The shift from beacon to bully is rife with Indeed, some of our allies against al-Qaeda dangerous moral and political precedent. potential disaster. Because a hegemon can- had been terrorists or had encouraged terror- Deterrence worked well against the Soviet not rule by force alone, it is vital for the ists in the past—or even the present. Useful Union, a much more potent and, at one United States to take an interest in other as it was against the Taliban, the idea of point, malevolent adversary. If applied con- societies and cultures. Since 9–11, that inter- taking action against not only terrorists but sistently, energetically and with the support est has grown only with regard to Islam and also the states that harbored them posed in- of allies, deterrence could still work against terrorism. But an American foreign policy soluble political problems with some allies Iraq. Replacing deterrence and collective hu- guided exclusively by narrow self-interest is (such as Pakistan and Saudi Arabia) that manitarian efforts with unilateral, preemp- not one our allies find terribly reassuring; had supported terrorism. It also posed prob- tive intervention is a license for chaos. and it is downright offensive to assert that lems with democratic countries that had tol- Henry Kissinger’s acrobatics in his Wash- the United States alone can decide what is erated terrorists on their soil (Germany, ington Post article of Aug. 12, which at- good for others. Spain and the United States itself). tempts to reconcile a U.S. doctrine of pre- Particularly frightening to outside observ- The strategy posed yet another set of prob- ventive attack with the notion of world ers is the impression that U.S. foreign policy lems with nations that used the American order, can only be described as pitiful. has been captured by a small group of hawks

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:52 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.150 S09PT1 S10200 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 who, frustrated in 1991, are now ideologically of the masses.’’ And President have been argued well. I also acknowl- committed to changing ‘‘evil’’ regimes—even Mussharaf of Pakistan said, ‘‘this will edge that when we take a vote on any- in countries that have no past experience of have very negative repercussions thing that deals with war and peace democracy and where repressive regimes face around the Islamic world.’’ I believe it and life and death, that it must be done no experienced or cohesive opposition. There were comparable fears after the election of is wise to heed the concerns of our in the most sober and serious manner. Ronald Reagan, but divisions within his ad- friends. And our friends are telling us I have had a number of moms and dads ministration preserved a kind of balance. To- that we are ratcheting up the hatred. who have come to me concerned about day’s pragmatists are singularly weak and In two nations’ recent elections the what this might mean for their chil- seem to lack the president’s ear. defining issues seemingly revolved dren, their young men and women who Bush continually describes himself as a pa- around American arrogance. The fact may face war. I see the tears in their tient man who will consult and listen. Let us that the two countries are our friends, eyes. I have heard their anxieties and hope that he means what he says and isn’t Germany and Brazil, is alarming. just trying to prevent a real debate until all worries. I approach this with a great the important decisions have been made. Be- What Congress does this week and deal of serious contemplation and pray- cause one year after 9–11, three things are next will have very serious implica- er. clear: First, the war against terrorism can- tions throughout the world. However, I believe this resolution is not be the alpha and omega of a foreign pol- Demagogues in the Middle East and not only warranted but necessary in icy; second, it cannot be waged by military elsewhere are surely ready and willing order to protect our Nation. We are means alone; and finally, even a state en- to exploit a U.S. invasion of Iraq. And rapidly reaching a point at which the dowed with overwhelming superiority in all today the CIA is warning Americans of risk of utilizing military force is far the ingredients of ‘‘hard’’ force cannot sub- the connection between a rise in ter- outweighed by the danger that Saddam stitute that for eyes, ears and brains. Deci- rorism and military activity in Iraq. sions based on dubious assumptions, over- Hussein poses to the American people. confidence and intelligence reports risk end- Certainly it is preferable to address the I have heard that we are setting a dan- ing in imprudence and fiasco. threat posed by any international gerous precedent. There are concerns The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- criminal in concert with our allies and about what this new strategic policy ator from Rhode Island is recognized within the confines of the United Na- might mean, and how other nations for 7 minutes. tions. This is the preference outlined in might interpret it. Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, the the amendment offered by Senator I respond, with all respect, the case American people need and deserve a LEVIN—an amendment I support. of Saddam Hussein, the case of Iraq, is thorough, reasoned discussion on the We need to provide people susceptible in every way unique. It is unique in law question of going to war against Iraq. I to anti-Americanism with a positive because here is a man and here is a na- appreciate the opportunity to share message that respects international co- tion that has stood now for a decade in with my colleagues my thoughts dur- operation and friendship. The LEVIN defiance of the world community; that ing this momentous debate. substitute upholds the values I have is in violation and defiance of resolu- A great deal of the justification for a heard in discussions with the people of tion after resolution from the United United States military intervention in Rhode Island; it recognizes the benefit Nations. They are, as they have rightly Iraq centers on the threat posed by of an international coalition in taking been called this evening, an inter- Saddam Hussein. I recognize that there on the tremendous challenge of dis- national outlaw. How is it that enforc- are international criminals capable of arming the Iraqi regime. It authorizes ing the resolutions of the United Na- unspeakable horrors and Saddam Hus- military force against Iraq only as part tions, and in doing so defend our Na- sein is one of those. President Bush has of a new UN-approved resolution, and tion, set a dangerous precedent? urged us to believe the threat from failing that, allows Congress to return Not only is Iraq in violation of reso- Saddam Hussein is urgent and imme- to session to consider an alternative lutions, and in defiance of the civilized diate, and thus this impending vote. I approach. world, but Iraq is also unique in the have listened carefully to every shred As a nation, we are united in oppos- threat it poses to the civilized world in of evidence presented by the adminis- ing the tyranny and repression of Sad- amassing weapons of mass destruction. tration. dam Hussein. But there are real dis- It is not at all that the United States And I have also listened carefully to agreements both here at home and is some kind of international bully other world leaders. Of particular con- abroad as to how best to ensure that wanting to throw its weight around the cern to me is the position of those na- this man cannot threaten world peace. world. It is, rather, we are the one Na- tions that share a border with Iraq— Adoption of the LEVIN amendment tion in the world that is capable of Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, would not give Saddam Hussein a doing something about this threat to Kuwait, and Iran. chance to further obstruct and delay— the civilized world. Not only do we The Turkish Prime Minister said, it is the prudent idea most consistent have the ability to do it, but we have ‘‘We’re trying to dissuade the Amer- with the values that have made the the will to do it. ican Administration from a military United States a great nation. I urge all The President has come to Congress operation.’’ of my colleagues to support the LEVIN as he was asked. He believed, I believe, King Abdullah of Jordan said, ‘‘In all amendment. that he had the legal authority already the years I have been in the inter- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under from previous resolutions from this national community, everybody is say- the previous order, the Senator from Congress to have acted without coming ing this is a bad idea. Our concern is . Arkansas is recognized for 25 minutes. to us. But Congress said: We want to be . . that a miscalculation in Iraq would Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. President, I involved in this, we want to be con- throw the whole area into turmoil.’’ am pleased this evening to rise in sulted. So he came to Congress and laid The Kuwaiti Defense Minister said, strong support of the underlying reso- out his case. ‘‘Kuwait will participate in the mili- lution. I am pleased this bipartisan res- Administration officials have ap- tary campaign to remove the Iraqi re- olution Senators LIEBERMAN and peared before the Senate Armed Serv- gime only if the military action came MCCAIN and Senator WARNER have in- ices Committee and the Senate Foreign in compliance with a United Nations’ troduced is before the Senate. I am Affairs Committee. Briefings have been resolution.’’ This in Kuwait, a country pleased to be able to cosponsor that. I provided for all Senators. Certainly, that suffered greatly under the hands believe after a full debate, the Senate this issue has been a matter of public of the Iraqi dictator. These nations will pass this resolution in its current discourse now for months. share a border with Iraq. Their leaders version, and I urge it to do that. It is time now for this distinguished know their neighborhood and they The decision to authorize the use of body to act. As we continue debate on have expressed their opposition to our force is a very serious, grave decision. this resolution, we must remember this intervention at this time. I will further acknowledge that some debate is not about arms inspectors, it I would also like to quote President Members of Congress, men and women is not primarily about United Nations Mubarak of Egypt who said, ‘‘If you of good conscience, have very signifi- resolutions, and it is not about assuag- strike Iraq . . . not one Arab leader will cant concerns about this resolution. ing the international community. His- be able to control the angry outburst They have been articulated well. They tory has not looked well upon those

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:52 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.047 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10201 who fail to act for fear of provoking a that Iraq retained the means to his development of a nuclear weapon. tyrant. produce chemical weapons. The U.N. Estimates are that, should Iraq be suc- What this debate is about is the pro- has stated Iraq has imported enough cessful in getting this material, a nu- tection of the American people, the raw materials to produce 200 tons of clear weapon would take no longer protection of our national security. the VX gas. than a few months to produce. We can’t The best way for the Senate to do that Since inspectors were ejected from be sure he hasn’t succeeded already. is to provide the President with the au- Iraq in 1998, there is a substantial body It is evident that Saddam Hussein thority he has requested. of evidence that Saddam Hussein has has the capabilities to inflict great It is helpful to recount what has reconstituted his ability to produce VX devastation. His intentions are even brought us to this point, to the brink and other chemical weapons. People clearer. of being forced to use military force. question whether there is an imminent His hatred of the United States is For over a decade, the United States threat? People question the currency of only matched by his hunger for power. has pursued diplomatic and economic the threat that faces us? They think we The Iraqi Government has repressed its avenues to deal with the threat that have time to burn? Time to delay? Per- own people, committed acts of aggres- Saddam Hussein poses. haps even more terrifying, Iraq contin- sion against its neighbors, and been an We have tried to contain, we have ued virtually unabated to produce bio- active supporter of international ter- tried to deter. But in truth, we have logical weapons. Senator FRIST spoke rorism. In a very unstable region, Sad- been in a virtually unbroken state of of this earlier today. In fact, the Iraqi dam Hussein has taken every oppor- conflict with Iraq since the beginning Government has admitted in the past tunity to add to the turmoil in the of the gulf war in 1991. After the Amer- to the weaponization of anthrax, botu- Middle East. ican military along with coalition al- lism, and aflatoxin on Scuds and on He has plotted to assassinate a lies routed the Iraqi military, the aircraft. former U.S. President. In 1993, the Iraqi international community pledged to United Nations inspectors never ac- Government plotted to kill former ensure that Saddam Hussein would counted for at least 4 tons of raw mate- President George Bush during his trip never have the capability to threaten rial that can be used to produce bio- to Kuwait. American pilots are taking fire from the region again. logical weapons. Recent reports are the Iraqi military virtually every day Toward that end, the United Nations that the Iraqis are testing unmanned during patrols of the no-fly zones. Security Council passed Resolution 687. vehicles that could be used to deliver Unprovoked? Hardly. It does not set a This resolution, which Iraq accepted as these weapons over wide territories. dangerous precedent to act in a pre- part of the cease-fire, required Iraq to I am told these unmanned vehicles emptive way in light of his violations end its pursuit of weapons of mass de- would be almost impossible to be de- of international law and his continual struction, destroy its stockpile of tected or to be shot down. chemical and biological weapons, and We also have reason to believe that firing upon American aircraft. So far this year, American and Brit- end its support of terrorism. Saddam Hussein has developed mobile ish aircraft have been fired on over 406 As we convene this evening, more biological weapon laboratories that times. In the past 2 weeks alone they than a decade later, Saddam Hussein would be virtually impossible for in- stands in violation of this agreement in have been fired on over 60 times. spectors, were they to get back in, to Until his recent death, Iraq harbored virtually every point. To ensure that detect, to locate, and to destroy. Abu Nidal, who masterminded terrorist Iraq was complying with its commit- In this debate, it is important that attacks in 20 countries, resulting in the ments, the United Nations established we have an appreciation for the ter- deaths of 900 people. a weapons inspection program. In re- rible power of these kinds of weapons. There are credible reports that mem- cent times, there has been a great deal VX nerve gas is one of the most dan- bers of al-Qaida have found sanctuary of discussion about the inspectors. For- gerous chemicals known to man. It opin Iraq. It is becoming increasingly gotten in the debate is the original erates by cutting off a person’s nervous clear that Iraq has provided training to purpose of the inspectors. Inspections system, making it impossible for them al-Qaida, including instruction on the were only supposed to confirm that to breath. Exposure to only a few drops use of chemical weapons. Iraq was living up to its commitment can kill in minutes. Earlier this year, Saddam Hussein of- to cease the development of weapons of The danger of anthrax was made fered $25,000 to each of the families of mass destruction. Inspectors were not shockingly clear during last year’s at- Palestinian suicide bombers. The only sent in to play a cat-and-mouse game. tacks. Over 20 Americans were in- condition is that the bomber has a full Saddam Hussein used every means at fected, and 7 were killed, and it could belt of explosives when he blows him- his disposal to thwart the inspections. have been much, much worse. The let- self up. This despicable offer essen- In the past decade, Iraq has stood in ter that was sent to Senator LEAHY’s tially provides a bounty for the deaths violation of 16 different resolutions. office contained enough spores to kill of innocent Israelis and establishes a The world community has spoken tens of thousands of people, in one sin- perverse incentive program for terror. strongly and frequently against Sad- gle envelop. There is every indication His invasion of Kuwait is well-docu- dam Hussein. Saddam’s response has that Saddam Hussein has enough an- mented. However, I would like to take been continual deception and defiance. thrax to kill millions of Americans. a moment to discuss the atrocities he Saddam Hussein has made every at- Iraq has accelerated work on its mis- has committed against his own people. tempt to accelerate his development of sile development program. In fact, I believe that it will shed further light weapons, biological and nuclear weap- some of his chemical and biological on the horrors of which Saddam is ca- ons. weapons are deployable with 45 min- pable. Based on intelligence we have a very utes warning. The U.N. Commission on Human frightening picture of Iraq’s capabili- According to the dossier recently re- Rights and the U.N. General Assembly ties. We have had the briefings. I had leased by the British Government, Iraq has issued a report criticizing ‘‘system- the most recent briefing this after- currently has ballistic missiles capable atic, widespread, and extremely grave noon. We have solid information, pub- of reaching Israel, Turkey, and Saudi violations of human rights,’’ and cited lic information, that Iraq currently has Arabia. He is actively working to ex- ‘‘all-pervasive repression and oppres- a large stockpile of chemical weapons. tend the range of his armaments, with sion sustained by broad-based discrimi- In the initial aftermath of the gulf war, the ambition of being able to strike as nation and widespread terror.’’ the U.N. inspectors were able to ensure far as Europe in the coming years. That is the diplomatic language of that some chemical weapons were de- Even with his success in developing the U.N. Commission on Human stroyed. A disturbing amount were not chemical and biological weapons, Sad- Rights. uncovered. In fact, 31,600 chemical mu- dam Hussein continues to pursue the In ‘‘The Threatening Storm,’’ Ken- nitions, 550 mustard gas bombs, and ultimate weapon of mass destruction neth Pollack puts it a little plainer. He 4,000 tons of chemical precursors were . . . a nuclear bomb. said: unaccounted for by the U.N. inspectors. He has scoured the world attempting This is a regime that will gouge out the Even more disturbing is the likelihood to procure enriched uranium to finalize eyes of children to force confessions from

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 03:52 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.152 S09PT1 S10202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 their parents and grandparents. This is a re- Amnesty International reports ‘‘De- Saddam’s fingerprints not even being gime that will crush all of the bones in the tainees have been threatened with on it—is evidence that the idea of con- feet of a two-year-old girl to force her moth- bringing in a female relative, espe- tainment to no longer be a workable er to divulge her father’s whereabouts. This is a regime that will hold a nursing baby at cially the wife or the mother, and rap- approach. arm’s length from his mother and allow the ing her in front of the detainee. Some The attacks of 9/11 tore our hearts child to starve to death to force the mother of these threats have been carried and left us with a grief that will never to confess. This is a regime that will burn a out.’’ be forgotten. At the same time, those person’s limbs off to force him to confess or In 1997, the UN reported that Iraq ex- acts of evil have brought forth a new comply. This is a regime that will slowly ecuted more than 1,500 people for polit- resolve and a new commitment. lower its victim into huge vats of acid either ical reasons. There are even reports It is the responsibility of the U.S. to break their will or simply as a means of that the victims families are forced to execution. This is a regime that applies elec- Government, and it is the responsi- tric shocks to the body of the victims, par- pay the cost of the execution. bility of this Senate to ensure that the ticularly their genitals, with great cre- Saddam stays in power through fear. heartbreak of September 11 is not re- ativity. This is a regime that in 2000 decreed It is terror—sheer terror—that sustains peated. that the crime of criticizing the regime, his evil regime. Our enemies have grown more cun- which can be as harmless as suggesting Saddam Hussein has never been ning and their methods more sinister. Saddam’s clothing would not be matched, called to account for the Kuwaitis that We must move swiftly and decisively to would be punished by cutting off the offend- are still missing from the Gulf War. er’s tongue. deny them the opportunity to attack There are still 609 cases of missing Gulf us. When the threat is real, preemption And on and on it goes. War POW/MIAs. I ask unanimous consent that this ci- is not just tactically critical, but, I be- Included in that number is one Amer- lieve, it is a moral imperative. tation from ‘‘The Threatening Storm’’ ican Navy Pilot. The Iraqi government by Kenneth Pollack be printed in the In Saddam Hussein we are facing a continues to refuse to provide full in- menace that has long expressed hatred RECORD. formation about his fate. of the United States, established links There being no objection, the mate- The passage of this resolution will rial was ordered to be printed in the to international terrorists, and has provide the President with authority amassed large stockpiles of weapons of RECORD, as follows: he requires in order to address the This is a regime that will gouge out the mass destruction. He has been accorded grave threat posed by Iraq. every opportunity to cooperate with eyes of children to force confessions from I fully support his efforts to rally the their parents and grandparents. This is a re- the international community, and he gime that will crush all of the bones in the international community, and believe has refused. feet of a two-year-old girl to force her moth- that a strong vote on this resolution Every day that goes by, the threat er to divulge her father’s whereabouts. This will strengthen his case before the grows. He continues to amass his is a regime that will hold a nursing baby at United Nations. stockpile and strengthens his ties to arm’s length from its mother and allow the It is the hope of all of us that mili- terrorists. We cannot—we must not— child to starve to death to force the mother tary action will not be necessary. How- to confess. This is a regime that will burn a stand by and allow this to continue. ever, after a full decade of effort, we And we must not delay. There have person’s limbs off to force him to confess or have almost completely exhausted di- comply. This is a regime that will slowly been many people quoted in this de- plomacy. lower its victims into huge vats of acid, ei- bate, so let me add one more to the There are some who believe that pre- ther to break their will or simply as a means record. Winston Churchill said: of execution. This is a regime that applies emptive military action against Iraq There is no merit in putting off a war for electric shocks to the bodies of its victims, represents a break from our nation’s a year if, when it comes, it is a far worse war particularly their genitals, with great cre- traditions. or one much harder to win. ativity. This is a regime that in 2000 decreed My colleagues, unfortunately, we are that the crime of criticizing the regime facing untraditional threats. We have The world is watching us. And free- (which can be as harmless as suggesting that tried containment. It was built upon dom-loving people across the globe are Saddam’s clothing does not match) would be the idea of inspection and sanction. waiting to see if America will answer punished by cutting out the offenders The inspectors were thrown out, and the challenge that history has put be- tongue. This is a regime that practices sys- fore us. They are waiting to see if our tematic rape against its female victims. This the sanctions have been broken. is a regime that will drag a man’s wife, Again, from Kenneth Pollack and Nation will assume the mantle of lead- daughter, or other female relative and re- from ‘‘The Threatening Storm,’’ he ership in dealing with a tyrant with peatedly rape her in front of him. This is a says: maniacal ambitions. regime that will force a white-hot metal rod Unfortunately, it is difficult to know ex- Our enemies are hoping we falter. into a person’s anus or other orifices. This is actly what is going into Iraq. This is the They hope we will continue to be mired a regime that employs thalium poisoning, main problem; if the United States and in the web of deception spun by Sad- widely considered one of the most excru- United Nations knew, they might be able to dam Hussein. They need to be shown ciating ways to die. This is a regime that stop it. As it is, we know only that between that our resolve to protect the Amer- will behead a young mother in the street in the smuggling and the surcharges Saddam is front of her house and children because her ican people has never been stronger. making $2 billion to $3 billion per year that While my greatest hope is that mili- husband was suspected of opposing the re- he can spend as he likes. In addition, we have gime. This is a regime that used chemical been able to intercept some shipments and tary action will not be necessary, it warfare on its own Kurdish citizens—not just get intelligence on others that give at least may be unavoidable. Others have come on the fifteen thousand killed and maimed at a sense of what Saddam is using his illegal to this floor to talk about the cost of Halabja but on scores of other villages all revenues to import. For instance, in June such an operation. They rightly cite es- across Kurdistan. This is a regime that test- 2002, the Indian government brought charges timates ranging in the tens of billions ed chemical and biological warfare agents on against the executives of an Indian company of dollars. Some may discuss the dam- Iranian prisoners of war, using the POWs in for selling atomized aluminum powder and controlled experiments to determine the best age that might be done to our relation- titanium engine parts to Iraq in such quan- ships with other nations. More gravely, ways to disperse the agents to inflict the tity and of such quality that India’s Defense greatest damage. and Research Development Organization some have spoken about the cost of Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. President, concluded they could only have been in- human life that any military action freedom of speech does not exist in tended for chemical warfare and ballistic would entail. These risks are real, but Iraq, and summary executions are com- missile production. these risks must be weighed against monplace. We tried inspections. The sanctions the very real risks of delay. Torture is seen as a legitimate tool have been eroded, and deterrence only The price of inaction is far too high. of control, and violence against women works with a rational person. It as- Mr. President, 9/11 taught us that. We is not just condoned but perpetrated by sumes rationality. And the fact that he will never know the complete economic the Iraqi government. can transmit weapons of mass destruc- damage of the terrorist attacks of last Political opponents of Saddam Hus- tion to terrorists who could inflict year. Some have estimated it at more sein are subject to unimaginable cru- enormous damage upon the United than $600 billion, but the true cost can elty. They are jailed without cause. States with no fingerprints—with only be seen by looking in the eyes of

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 05:23 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.154 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10203 those who lost loved ones. The true im- bate is about, because if, in fact, it is Tennessee in Oak Ridge in terms of en- pact is only realized with the under- true that he, in the foreseeable future, riching uranium. standing that over 3,000 families are will have nuclear weapons, do any of This is what was there before. We do still grieving. these other points that we have been not know what he has now because he Saddam Hussein has the capacity to discussing really stand? has made the decision to keep out in- wreak even more destruction than that I think I have listened to many valid spectors. And we know from the CIA— which we saw last year. He has weap- points and valid arguments of problems a letter has been introduced in this ons that could kill millions, and he connected with moving against Sad- RECORD—that the likelihood of Saddam consorts with terrorists who would un- dam Hussein. I think the points that using weapons of mass destruction for flinchingly do so if they had the means. were made that the aftermath is going blackmail, deterrence, or otherwise So again, I remind you, opponents to be very difficult are very valid. I grows as his arsenal builds. say this resolution sets a dangerous think the point that he might lash Now he has been down there for 4 precedent of preemption. I remind my back against us in some way is a very years. We know he has the science. We colleagues of sixteen U.N. resolutions valid concern. I think the point that in know he has the know-how. We know defied, rejected, ignored by Saddam some places in the world they will be he has the scientists. We know he has Hussein. The dangerous action would taking to the streets against us is a the desire. We know he has a history of be to do nothing. The dangerous prece- valid considerations. knowing how to build facilities that dent would be to back down in the face But if, in fact, it is true that in the will ultimately produce results for of a tyrant who dares us. foreseeable future he might or probably him. And we are standing here debat- The resolution put forth by Senator will develop nuclear weapons of mass ing as to whether or not we should do LIEBERMAN, and endorsed by our Presi- destruction, do any of these other con- something about that because we dent, is a statement by this body that siderations really stand up or do they might have a little more time and we the risk posed by Iraq is unacceptable. together stand up to that consider- don’t have eyewitness testimony as to It is a statement that we will not allow ation? Can we afford not to defend our- precisely where he is at precisely this international outlaws to threaten our selves against that consideration? particular time. Nation. It is a statement that we will What is the evidence pertaining to Those are things that have been on not sit back in the face of the growing that? We are debating, again, not over the record along with his violation of whether or not he is going to have it, danger that our country faces. U.N. demands for many years. We have but how soon he is going to have it. Thus, I call on my colleagues for taken them for granted. We have taken Unfortunately, when we have made their support of S.J. Res. 46. estimates in times past with regard to for granted that hundreds of times our Mr. President, I yield the floor. airmen have been shot at in the no-fly The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Saddam’s nuclear capability in the early 1990s, with regard to missile ca- zone during all of this time. I have al- REED). The Senator from Tennessee is ways wondered what the parents of recognized under the previous order for pabilities of rogue nations, when we have gone back and thoroughly exam- someone shot down under those cir- 20 minutes. ined the situation—where, in Saddam’s cumstances must feel like, being that Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, I far away, defending the interests of congratulate my friend, the Senator case, we have gotten inspectors in there because of defectors’ informa- your country. Nobody knows about it. from Arkansas, for an excellent presen- tion—we have found that we have Nobody talks about it. Nobody seem- tation covering all the points. And if I grossly underestimated the capability ingly cares that much about it. That had not been persuaded before I lis- of our adversaries, time and time has been going on continually ever tened to him tonight, I would have again. since we left the gulf. been persuaded tonight. Yet we are told by the entire world, These are things that are on the pub- This Nation has spent many dollars those who have looked at this, that it lic record. They have been on the pub- and many lives in defense of others is just a matter of time, a few years, if lic record for a long time. We now have around the world. Tonight, we are con- he has to develop his own fissile mate- some additional facts that have not sidering a resolution that has to do rial, and perhaps as early as a few been on the public record that long, with the defense of ourselves. months or a year if he can buy it on such as the fact he is busily trying to People say that because our country the open market. obtain dual-use equipment that can be does not go against another country I was privileged to listen to some of used for uranium enrichment. without provocation that we should the weapons inspectors who went down We know more about his relationship make the case of the need to take ac- to Iraq. I listened to some of the expe- with al-Qaida than we knew in times tion, and that is true. We need to make riences they had. It caused me great past. that case before the world and before concern to hear their lament about the Again, according to the CIA director: the American people. way they were thwarted before and how We have solid reporting of senior level con- I believe that case has been made. It hopeless their mission turned out to be tacts between Iraq and al-Qaida going back a is a case that has been made upon, ba- because of what Saddam was doing, and decade. sically, facts we have known for a long how inspections in the future really He says: time and have chosen to ignore and will not work unless you actually get Credible information indicates that Iraq sweep under the rug. It is based on a active cooperation from the people you and al-Qaida have discussed safe havens and shared history that we have had to- are inspecting. I am talking about a reciprocal nonaggression. gether now for many years. And look- country, what, the size of California, He says: ing back on it, we must ask ourselves, with an ability to hide anything al- Since Operation Enduring Freedom, we How were we able to ignore what is so most anywhere. have solid evidence of the presence in Iraq of obvious and pending for so long? And they talked about the fact that al-Qaida members, including some that have We know Saddam’s willingness to at- when they went in before, they did not been in Baghdad. tack sovereign nations. We know think Saddam had much in the way of He goes further and says: Saddam’s willingness to murder inno- nuclear. And they even were almost to We have credible reporting that al-Qaida cent individuals. We know he is in pos- the point of being able to certify that leaders sought contacts in Iraq who could session of weapons of mass destruction. when a defector gave them some infor- help them acquire [weapons of mass destruc- We know he is developing missile capa- mation. They went back. They found tion] capabilities. The reporting also stated bility that is beyond what is allowable that not only had Saddam developed that Iraq has provided training to al-Qaida by the United Nations resolutions and nuclear infrastructure, but he had a members in the areas of poison and gases and will rapidly be able to reach further virtual ‘‘Manhattan Project’’ is the making conventional bombs. and further. The only thing we do not way they put it, a virtual ‘‘Nuclear These are recent things that are not know is how soon it is going to take Manhattan Project’’ when they went in as well known, have not been known him to develop nuclear weapons. there before. over the years. Put all of that informa- I think that is essentially, from a They said they had a facility there tion together and you have a consensus factual standpoint, what this entire de- that was based on the facility down in on many things. As usual, we are

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:12 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.157 S09PT1 S10204 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 spending a lot of time arguing over the one. Was there any imminent threat? I this stage of the proceedings. I think things we disagree on. They are impor- don’t even know if the plant was fin- the first thing that happened there was tant. But I think we all agree the lead- ished yet. But either way, there was no he said this will not stand. Then he er of Iraq is dangerous; that he is a imminent threat that I know of that went internationally, and then the threat; that that threat is growing, not they were getting ready to produce ma- British came first, and then there was diminishing; and that he is in violation terial out of there to put in a bomb to a period of time before very many peo- of international law. attack Israel. ple came forward after the British. The real issue is whether or not it is They took it out. The United Nations Speaking of the British, I think it is going to be easier to deal with this sit- condemned them. We condemned them. ironic that the head of that govern- uation once he gets stronger than he is But is there anyone today who is really ment, in many respects, sees things today. The question answers itself. regretful the Israelis took that action? more clearly than many of us do. The other question is whether or not I would think under that theory, if The problem—as difficult as it is to we will show a reluctance to defend our we had to wait for imminent danger, acknowledge, but it is the plain truth— own interests. We are rightfully con- we would have to ask ourselves, immi- is we have lost the coalition we had be- cerned about acting precipitously. But nent with regard to our allies, would fore. We would like to go right back did we act precipitously after the first that count? With regard to our troops and say: Remember how we were to- World Trade Center bombing? Did we in the area, would that count? With re- gether before, and remember how we act precipitously after our men and gard to the homeland only? Those made such progress, military progress, women were killed in the Khobar Tow- would be questions we would have to and there for a while we had Saddam ers bombing? What was the message we ask. Hussein on the ropes and we laid down sent after our two embassies were We would have to ask ourselves: Does all these requirements. In order for us bombed and hundreds of people were that not mean, under the philosophy of to go home, he had to make all these killed? Were we acting precipitously waiting for the imminent threat, we agreements, and he did make those after that? What did we do to avenge would have to wait not only until we agreements. Remember how we were that or to set an example? What did we had ironclad proof Saddam had nuclear together then before he violated each do after the Cole incident? Were we act- capability and the means to deliver it, and every one of them, and gradually, ing precipitously there? Or have we an- but that he was planning on actually year by year, we not only allowed that nounced to the world, basically, or led hitting us with it? I don’t think we to happen, but one ally after another Osama bin Laden to believe that we have thought that fully through. Sure- started doing business with him. We can be attacked that the response will ly that is not what we are suggesting, are now asked to go before a Security not be commensurate with the attack? that we almost have to have a missile Council containing the country of That is Osama bin Laden. We are talk- in the air before we could act. China, which is now furnishing It is somewhat of a precedent. It ing about Saddam Hussein here, but fiberoptics communications systems to would be, if it comes to that. But we the lesson is the same for tyrants Saddam to help shoot our airplanes are in a position no other country has throughout the world who pose a ever been in, as the Senator from Ar- down. Are they the ones we are sup- threat to this country. It has been a kansas pointed out. We are living in a posed to ask permission to defend our bad lesson that we have given for well world no one has ever lived in before, self-interests? We are looking at a Security Council over a decade now. where a handful of people can take Some say we should wait until there with our friends, the Russians and the modern technology and create a mortal is an imminent danger; that we should French, who want to do business with threat to millions of people on the calibrate carefully as to when that other side of the world. We simply have Saddam, and Saddam owes them danger we know is growing becomes to address the fact that is the world we money and they want that money imminent; that we should tell Saddam live in. back. Sure, the Arabs are kind of reluc- Hussein on the front end we will not Some say we should wait on the tant right now. And we are dealing attack him until we know he poses not United Nations. That essentially goes with our now German friends who are only a danger but an imminent threat. to the heart of the amendment we are led by an individual who will demagog That, of course, is basically consistent considering. I respectfully suggest if we his way to reelection on the backs of with the United Nations charter. It has pass this amendment, it would be a our country and, presumably, inter- been the law of nations for a long time. guarantee the United Nations would national relations. We have to recognize that. The Treaty never act, because they would know It is not an easy thing to say, but it of Westphalia was mentioned, back in they didn’t have to. And so many who is a true thing to say. We want our the 1600s, where the sovereign nations would rather avoid this because the friends, our allies, and especially our got together and decided that sov- United States is the target, and for NATO partners; but as they continue ereign nations would not be attacked. other reasons, would never, ever face to let their defense budgets slide and We have perfected that somewhat. up to it, if they knew they didn’t have the American taxpayer continues to We have talked about imminent dan- to. Then I would ask: Where would we have to foot the bill for the free world, ger because traditionally we lived in a be? Some say, come back to the Senate essentially, should they be given a veto world where armies amassed on a bor- in that weakened condition. when our interests are so directly in- der and that was the imminent danger. Would we be in better shape having volved? I think not. September 11 changed all that. That is been turned down by the U.N. if we I think we have to learn the lessons not the kind of world we live in any- then went ahead in contravention of of the past, as difficult as it is. My more. The imminent danger facing this what they said or would it be better to friend from Arkansas mentioned country now does not amass itself on stand tall on the front end, with the as- Churchill. They didn’t listen to the border and give everybody time to surance that many countries in the Churchill after World War I. The result debate and make up their minds as to United Nations are going to support us of their not listening to him was called what they are going to do. The threats in our effort? World War II. Back when Hitler was on we face today hide their activities. The The President has gone there and he the move everything he did was not threats we face today are not always has made the case. He has talked to sufficient in and of itself to act. The al- apparent. our allies. The Secretary of State has lies thought they could always act Let there be no mistake about it, the been busy around the world. When peo- later, and other countries should do United States is the target. It is the ple say we are going it alone, do not other things—excuse after excuse. primary target. No one likes the sound the British count? Does not Spain That is not the message we want to of the word unilateralism. But is there count? Does not Italy count? Do not send this time, Mr. President. I think anyone who disagrees with the action the Arab nations I read about today in it is clear that strength is the only the Israelis took in 1981, when they the paper, who are reluctantly coming hope we have for peace, and if we can- took out the Osiraq nuclear plant in along, count? not have peace, we must do what is in Iraq? I am really curious. There is a I think we should go back and look the vital interest of this country. case of unilateralism if there ever was at where former President Bush was at I yield the floor.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:12 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.159 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10205 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Beyond nuclear weapons, Iraq has ac- will weaken the support we need world- the previous order, the Senator from tively pursued biological and chemical wide to win the war on terrorism. Washington is recognized. weapons. U.N. inspectors have said In the aftermath of September 11, the Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I rise Iraq’s claims about biological weapons international community helped us this evening to address the President’s is neither credible nor verifiable. In heal and supported our efforts to re- request for authority for military ac- 1986, Iraq used chemical weapons spond. Their support has provided crit- tion in Iraq. I have spent weeks think- against Iran and later against its own ical intelligence keys to disrupting ing about this issue and listening. I Kurdish population. international terrorist networks. But have sat across the table from Defense While weapons inspections have been today our allies are as confused about Secretary Rumsfeld, National Security successful in the past, there have been America’s objectives in Iraq as the Advisor Rice, Governor Ridge, CIA Di- no inspections since the end of 1998. American people are. Like the Amer- rector Tenet, FBI Director Mueller, There can be no doubt Iraq has contin- ican public, our allies woke up one day Secretary of State Colin Powell, and ued to pursue its goal of obtaining to find that the administration was Vice President CHENEY. I have listened weapons of mass destruction. making plans for war. Like the Con- closely to the President’s speeches and Mr. President, we know from history gress, they were not consulted. Like I have listened openly to the many and experience that Iraq poses a danger the American people, they had nothing questions my constituents have raised to the region, to our interests, and per- explained to them. They saw, as did the over the past few weeks. haps to ourselves. It will continue its rest of us, that a course of action had Mr. President, I understand the con- aggression and its pursuit of weapons apparently been determined before the sequences of war and I don’t shrink of mass destruction. reasons were clear. from them. My father was among the This leads us to a second set of ques- Recently, the administration has first to land on Okinawa as a GI. Grow- tions. What should we do about this done a better job working with our al- ing up, we always knew that our coun- threat? The President has now asked lies. Secretary of State Powell is to be try may need to project force to defend Congress to authorize him to make war commended for his work, but we still our freedoms. I know we have high ob- on Iraq. The goals of military action have a long way to go. It would greatly ligations to the men and women of our have shifted from regime change one benefit the Congress and the American Armed Forces who undertake the hard day to disarmament, to enforcing any people to know where our allies stand work of securing our freedom. In col- number of U.N. resolutions. The list of and what they are willing to do before lege, I volunteered at the Seattle Vet- crimes to which the administration erans Hospital. Most of the patients we take action. says Iraq must be held accountable While we welcome the support of our were young men, my age, who had re- varies widely. They include: attempt- allies and the United Nations, we do turned from Vietnam. I carry that ex- not hand them or anyone else the ulti- perience with me as the first woman on ing to assassinate a former President; mate power to decide America’s secu- the Senate Veterans Affairs Com- holding prisoners of war after the gulf rity demands. Only the United States mittee. war, including one American; firing on When I look at decisions like this aircraft enforcing the no-fly zone; can determine our interests and what one, I take the time to consider all seeking weapons of mass destruction; steps are required to defend them. sides, with the full knowledge this de- and violating U.N. resolutions. That said, before we jump into a cision will have serious consequences All of these are serious crimes; not fight, we should know who is with us for our country, our world, and our fu- all of them deserve the same response; and what we are getting into, and ture. not all of them call for war. today we do not. This evening, I want to share with Without a clear objective, victory Another key part of the inter- my colleagues and my constituents my cannot be measured. Indeed, it appears national response to the Iraqi threat is thoughts and my decision on this dif- the administration established a solu- the United Nations. Efforts at the U.N. ficult issue. But most of all, I want to tion—going to war—before it defined have been met with both success and share my reasoning because I want ev- the problem or the goal. failure. To date, our greatest failure eryone to know how I arrived at this Our most important goal is disar- has been the ending of weapons inspec- conclusion. First, I looked to the mament. Given Iraq’s history and tions in 1998 and the U.N.’s failure to threat posed by Saddam Hussein. Then Saddam’s madness, there can be no hold Iraq responsible for its obliga- I looked at the many questions that doubt the world will be safer if we dis- tions. must be considered before our country mantle Iraq’s ability to produce and Today, the United States is working begins military action. Then I looked use weapons of mass destruction. On with our ally Britain to pass through at the President’s case, the role of the this goal, the President receives com- the U.N. Security Council a new, tough U.N. and our allies, the impact war plete support from the American peo- resolution regarding Iraqi weapons in- could have on the Middle East, and the ple, the Congress, and the world com- spections. I believe we need a new, impact it would have on the war on munity. strong U.N. resolution that provides for terrorism. Finally, I looked at the con- Disarmament of Iraq is unquestion- complete transparency of Iraq’s weap- text in which we are being asked to ably the right thing to do. The means ons of mass destruction programs. This make this decision, including our econ- of achieving this goal are what is up new resolution must allow inspectors omy and the political climate. for debate. to search all sites without roadblocks. Mr. President, let me first address In the past few weeks, the Bush ad- Iraq should know that the U.N. and the the threat. There is no doubt Saddam ministration unveiled its new preemp- international community are serious Hussein poses a serious threat to our tion doctrine. This marks a shift from about enforcing this resolution even interests, to his own people, and to the our longstanding national policy, and with force, if necessary. world. Under his rule, Iraq has been an so far we have not been told how it ap- One of the reasons U.N. support is aggressor nation. It has started con- plies to the world beyond Iraq. Obvi- critical is that it shapes how other na- flict with its neighbors and it has ously, if troops or tanks are amassing tions will look upon our action in Iraq. sought to stockpile conventional weap- at the border, we have the right to de- There is a difference between going it ons and weapons of mass destruction. fend ourselves, but to strike on the alone and having the support of a broad Over the years, Iraq has worked to basis of suspicion alone is another mat- coalition. We have a stated goal of develop nuclear, chemical, and biologi- ter. It is something this Congress and working to achieve peace in the Israeli- cal weapons. During 1991 through 1994, the American people need to fully ex- Palestinian conflict. We have strong despite Iraq’s denials, U.N. inspectors plore and debate before we endorse the ties to other states in the region—Jor- discovered and dismantled a large net- preemption doctrine. dan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and other work of facilities Iraq was using to de- The United States is not alone in fac- gulf states. What action we take and velop nuclear weapons. Various reports ing the threat of Saddam Hussein, but how we take it will have a direct im- indicate Iraq is still actively pursuing unfortunately our Government is act- pact on our other stated foreign policy nuclear weapons capability. There is no ing that way. I am very concerned that goals of achieving peace in the Middle reason to think otherwise. a unilateral race to make war on Iraq East, maintaining friendly relations

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:12 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.165 S09PT1 S10206 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 with our allies in the region, and con- may have on our other foreign policy Why are we racing to take this ac- tributing to the stability of the region. objectives. We have not factored in all tion right now, alone, with so many In addition to the impact of war on the implications this may have on our questions unanswered? the Middle East, we must understand own economy. The administration could answer how action in Iraq will affect the war Not having a well-defined policy or those questions with clear, compelling on terrorism. proper preparations for contingencies facts and goals, but so far we have not On September 11 last year, we were that may result from whatever action heard them. reminded again of the dangerous world we take is a dangerous situation on the We are being asked to endorse a pol- in which we live. After bombing our eve of the war this administration says icy that has not been thought out, and embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and we must have. one that could have dramatic con- attacking the U.S.S. Cole in Yemen, al- With all of these unanswered ques- sequences for our citizens and our fu- Qaida has pulled off the most horrific tions, how do we get here today? The ture. crime our Nation has ever known. administration has said it wants a vote While we may need to take action in In the aftermath of these tragic on this resolution ‘‘before the elec- Iraq down the road, today I cannot sup- events, the President declared war on tion.’’ In this debate, many in Congress port sending our men and women into terrorism. We dispatched our troops to and many of our citizens are asking: harm’s way on an ill-defined, solo mission with so many critical questions Afghanistan and its neighbors. We What is special about November 5 in worked closely with our allies. We even unanswered. deciding this question? If, in the coming weeks or months, got help from some unexpected quar- The question of war should not be we learn that Saddam’s capabilities are ters. Most of the world joined our ef- placed in the context of trying to influ- more advanced than we now realize, or fort, but there are places where we do ence the outcome of an election, and if Saddam defies U.N. resolutions, we not have relations where terrorists surely that cannot be the case today. will certainly have the right to take hide, and to reach those dark corners The question is too grave for that to be appropriate action. we rely on intermediaries. Today, the motivation, even for that to be a Looking back over the past year, it is those intermediaries are providing us motivation. The question of war should clear that we can respond to September with intelligence information to help be placed squarely in the context of 11 several ways. our efforts. what is the right policy to achieve our We can act out of fear, casting aside We have to ask: Will unilateral ac- Nation’s security goals. our principles, and taking action with- tion in Iraq undermine the support we With all of these questions in mind, I out sufficient planning. Or we can stick need from other countries in the war look to the resolution that is before us. to our principles and draw strength on terrorism? The answer to that ques- Does this resolution address the ques- from them in tough times. That is the tion should help inform us on our deci- tion this Nation must answer in order course I advocate today. sion on military action in Iraq. to succeed? Does it clearly articulate a In closing, let me be clear. Despite If we do take action in Iraq, there is policy objective? What course of action my reservations today, I will always no doubt that our Armed Forces will does it sanction in our Nation’s pursuit stand with and support those who serve prevail. We will win a war with Iraq de- of that goal? our country, wherever and whenever cisively, and, God willing, will win it While this resolution is a marked im- their Commander in Chief sends them. quickly. But what happens after the provement over the President’s origi- If American troops are called to fight war? That will have just as big an im- nal proposal, S.J. Res. 46 does not pro- in Iraq, I will stand with the President pact on our future peace and our secu- vide the information—and the objec- and I will support our troops not only rity. Will we be obligated to rebuild tives—needed at this time. during the conflict, but afterward. Iraq, and, if so, how? Our economy at It is overly broad in defining the ob- The international community, and home is reeling, our budget is in def- jectives of military action. those who would do us harm, need to icit, and we have no estimate of the After considering the threat, the know without exception that while we cost of rebuilding. And with whom? cost, and the unanswered questions, I may have our disagreements before As New York Times columnist Tom have reached a decision. I will vote military action, once our troops are on Friedman points out, there is a retail against the underlying resolution; I the ground, we are all on the same side. store mentality that suggests to some: will vote against going to war at this I yield the floor. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under If you break it, you buy it. time. the previous order, the Senator from How will the Iraqis get back on their I am committed to fighting and win- Wyoming is recognized. feet? Iraq’s leadership has led its peo- ning the war on terrorism, including Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, I want to ple through two decades of misery. The eliminating Saddam Hussein’s weapons answer some of these questions about people of Iraq have paid a terrible price of mass destruction. why we are now considering a resolu- for Saddam Hussein’s military cam- I support wholeheartedly our men tion and what proof we have about and women in uniform. I admire their paigns. What promises is the inter- Iraq. Senator SARBANES and I are the national community prepared to make heroism. And I will continue to do all two delegates to the United Nations to help restore the health of the Iraqi I can to provide them with the re- this year for the House and Senate. I people? What promise is implicit in a sources they need for whatever mission was on the floor of the United Nations unilateral attack? they are asked to carry out on our be- General Assembly when the President If we must disarm Iraq by force, we half. made his speech and presented his case will, but we cannot achieve peace Today we are being told we have no to the General Assembly. I have to say through occupation alone. It costs choice; that we have to grant the I was so proud of him. money and energy and time, and like President war-making authority imme- Before he even gave the speech, there building anything else, it is better as a diately, without knowing the ultimate had been a lot of hype in the papers shared responsibility than a solo effort. goal or the ultimate cost, and without that was unfavorable to him. When he Again, the answers to these questions knowing whether we are going it alone. was introduced, the tension in the should not be the only factors in play It may well be that someday our crowd could be felt, and there was no as we make decisions on how to protect country needs to take military action applause. I did learn later that there is our security interests, but they are not in Iraq, but the decision right now to seldom applause when a head of state is insignificant and they have not been give the President this broad author- introduced. answered. ity, without focusing it narrowly on When he gave his speech the body We do not have a clear policy. We do weapons of mass destruction, without language could be seen on the other not have a clear path to implementing the support of our allies, without defin- delegates. At the end of the speech— that policy. We do not yet know what ing the costs to our country today and also untypical—they gave him ap- level of assistance we are going to get tomorrow, is not something I can sup- plause. from our allies and the broader inter- port given what we know today. I also want to tell my colleagues national community. We have not The constituents I hear from want to what happened after that. As we wan- factored in all of the implications this know: dered about and met other delegates,

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:12 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.168 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10207 we heard lots of positive comments of that process is to ask us, ask Con- izing the President to provide assist- about what the President said. Not gress, to help. ance to the Iraqi democratic opposi- only that, virtually every head of state In 1998, we did it with no questions. tion, declared it should be the policies who followed him had the same mes- We did it with no amendments. We did of the United States to seek the re- sage for the U.N.: Be useful or be done. it with no filibuster. What do we have moval of Saddam Hussein’s regime and That is the message that the President in the Senate today? We have a fili- replace it with a democratic govern- delivered. buster. We have amendments. We have ment. What did we do on that? The Why now? Right now because we are people giving all kinds of excuses so Senate debated that legislation for one trying to strengthen the resolve of the they can vote against an amendment day without amendments and we ap- United Nations. Discussions are going that is necessary to get the resolve of proved it by unanimous consent. Once on right now in the Senate and the Security Council. That way the again, no one wanted to amend it, no throughout the nation about what United Nations will have the backbone one disagreed. We gave President Clin- should be done with Iraq. We are the to say to this despot, this tyrant, this ton the authority. The House debated ones who provide the leadership in this killer of babies, that it is time he that legislation for one day and ap- country. We are the ones who set the straightened out, got rid of his chem- proved it by a vote of 360 to 38. One day tone. We are the ones who have to ap- ical weapons, got rid of his biological in each Chamber—one day in each Re- prove what the President is doing. weapons, and let us in to make sure publican-controlled Chamber giving What proof do we have? I hope every- there were not any nuclear weapons. It authority to a Democratic president. one is attending the classified briefings is time he becomes part of the commu- One day in 1998. How many days will it that are available. The things that are nity of nations or gets out of office. It take in 2002? We are already days into not classified are enough to scare us. is that simple. debate. How many days are needed by The reports of Iraq that gave to the If we could do pass a resolution for my colleagues to undermine the ability United Nations show many chemical Bill Clinton, we ought to be able to do of the United States to address a secu- weapons they had left at the end of the it for President Bush. Again, I want to rity threat? war—their report, their numbers, their remind my colleagues of the patience The President has been criticized for asking for a Congressional resolution chemicals, their weapons of bioter- and resolve we had going into Afghani- prior to achieving a United Nations Se- rorism. Subtract out the numbers that stan. I think parts of this discussion came up from the fact that somebody curity Council resolution. I believe the they destroyed, and we wind up with a heard that we had plans for attacking United Nations does have an important huge supply of chemical and biological Iraq. Well, we better have. We have a role in the future of Iraq. If the UN weapons. Weapons that could be used Defense Department that we pay a lot does its job, and member states do against us now. what is right, we can address the One of the things the other countries of money to plan for events so that threat within the realm of the United of this world appreciate is the patience they never happen. They have a plan Nations, which I am sure would be ev- our President had after September 11. on Iraq, and they have a plan on another dozen countries. eryone’s preference. As an independent Bombs were going off in Afghanistan Every once in awhile, we even have nation, however, the United States that very night, and the press covering exercises or war games so our Defense cannot sit idly by while the Security it said: The United States is retali- Department can see how to move peo- Council debates the validity of pledges ating. But it was not us. The President ple and have the right equipment in made by a known liar. If the General was busy sending envoys to nations all the right place at the right time. That Assembly and Security Council are not over the world, setting up a coalition— way we know that the training is good prepared to defend the security of the the same kind of coalition we are being for the people we have in the armed world and the legitimacy of this orga- asked about now. Some have asked: services. Anybody who commits to the nization, the United States must be Shouldn’t we see if there is a coalition service of this country must be assured prepared to act. A strong resolution first? No. First we should show our re- that we are also committed to pro- with strong support is the best effort to solve, and then we can build coalitions. viding them with the training and ev- prevent a war later. Afghanistan made This is the President who built coali- erything under the Sun we can give the U.S. credible. It proved our pa- tions. This is the President who went them to keep them safe. Keep them tience and capability. Those traits go a into Afghanistan with war plans, with safe so they can do their job and to long way to moving Saddam—as long a method, with cooperation, and he did com home alive. That is absolutely es- as Congress shows resolve and then the in 1 month what Russia was not able to sential. UN shows resolve. do in 7 years. It is a President who Today we have half a dozen amend- It is also important to note that the knows what he is doing. It is a Presi- ments, we have substitutes amend- passage of a Congressional Resolution dent with patience. Now he is asking us ments to substitute amendment. We do would not prevent the Administration to pass a resolution. have a resolution, a resolution the from continuing its work at the United How strange and unheard of is this President asked us to pass. It is one Nations. Rather, I believe it will help request to pass a resolution? In 1998, a that is considerably more detailed and the President gain support for an ap- Republican-controlled Senate for a one that has more hoops to jump propriate Security Council resolution. Democrat President recognized that through than the one we approved in As Congress, our actions must show a this was not Democrat versus Repub- 1998. This is the resolution we need to united front with the strong resolve of lican. We then said that it was very im- pass. We must give President Bush the the American people. We will not wait portant to bring up a resolution that authority we gave President Clinton in to be attacked. We will not wait for in- would show our resolve. That is exactly 1998 without limiting authority or action and discord. We will not tolerate what a resolution does—show resolve. amendments. an Iraqi President who flouts the au- We passed a resolution in 1 day. We In July of 1998, as I mentioned, we thority of an organization only to passed a resolution with no amend- considered a resolution urging the cower under its umbrella when conven- ments. The President asked us. We did President to take appropriate action to ient. it. We showed unity. We showed the bring Iraq in compliance with inter- Saddam Hussein is not crazy or an country we were behind the President national obligations. The Senate de- idiot. He is dangerous because he is and we were ready to do whatever was bated that for one day, without amend- cunning and very calculated. Repeat- necessary for the same despot we are ments. We approved the resolution by edly, he pushes the international com- talking about now. unanimous consent. That means no one munity to the brink point and then Do we think he has gotten better? objected and no one wanted to add an backs down and says—sure, let the No. He has gotten worse. Do we think amendment. We just said yes. The weapons inspectors come back. How he has gotten less prepared? No. He has House debated that one for day, had no many times are we going to let him gotten more prepared. It is time we did amendments, and approved it by a vote play this game? Do we wait for him to something about it, and time we did it of 407 to 6. attack with nuclear, chemical, or bio- through the right channels—that is ex- In October of 1998, we considered leg- logical weapons? Do we wait for yet an- actly what the President is doing. Part islation that, in addition to author- other international inspector team to

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:12 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.169 S09PT1 S10208 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 be denied access to weapons stockpiles? act.’’ He must be able to state that to I firmly believe that firm resolve Do we wait for another attack on the our allies with the authority and Con- under this resolution—this resolution United States? Iraq has a despot lead- gressional support, without limitation, that does give some pretty broad power, chemical and biological weapons, that we gave in 1998. ers—will keep us from having to go to and a proven willingness to use any- When we act with our allies or war. thing. Iraq is the only country in the through the United Nations, we should Without it, I think we may have to world with all three components. We go into Iraq with a plan—actually, sev- go to war. must have changes immediately or re- eral plans: a plan for how to disarm I hope my colleagues will join me in gret it soon. Saddam and his guard; a plan for how supporting the language included in Many have asked why now, and I to remove Saddam from power; a plan the Lieberman-Warner substitute with- must ask why have we not acted soon- for when and how American troops out any amendments—just as we did er? We have considered action in Iraq should leave Iraq. The United States, for President Clinton in 1998—with the before. We decided in 1991 that we however, should not have a plan for in- same resolve, with the same unity, and should defend Kuwait. We sent in stallation of a hand-picked successor. with the same straightforwardness we planes and bombs in 1998 and brought The Iraqi people must ultimately had then. We can’t quite do that, though, can the inspectors home, but we have been choose their leader. The United States we? We have already debated a couple silent since then. It is worthwhile to and the international community must of days. We have already had amend- look at a few of the 16 Security Council work with the people of Iraq just as we ments put in. But we can still have the resolutions that Saddam has chosen to worked with the people of Afghanistan. If we choose a leader for Iraq, we will kind of unity we need to show our re- ignore: solve so we can get the U.N. to do Resolution 687, adopted April 3, 1991, not be allowing the Iraqis to form an independent and democratic nation. something which will keep us from called for Iraq to accept the destruc- going to war. tion, removal or rendering harmless of The United States should have a plan for encouraging the various factions to I yield the floor. all chemical and biological weapons work together, but we cannot choose a The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. and unconditionally agree not to ac- future leader before the battle begins. CORZINE). The Senator from Rhode Is- quire or develop nuclear weapons or The President and Congress have land is recognized for 40 minutes. nuclear-weapons useable material; both been accused of trying to politi- Mr. REED. Mr. President, The Senate Resolution 707, adopted August 15, cize the issue of Iraq. This is not a po- is engaged in a momentous and historic 1991, condemned Iraq’s violation of Res- litical issue. It wasn’t in 1998 and debate. The President seeks the au- olution 687, adopted only four months should not be now. It is an issue of na- thority to use force in our on-going before; tional security and international sta- confrontation with Iraq. Resolution 1051, adopted March 27, bility. The truth is respected individ- The Constitution entrusts the Con- 1996, called for Iraq to comply with uals from both parties have expressed gress with the exclusive power to ‘‘de- weapons inspectors; support for taking action and, more clare War.’’ It is our Constitutional ob- Resolution 1115, adopted June 21, importantly, support having a plan for ligation to consider the President’s re- 1997, condemned the repeated refusal of action. On September 12 this year, quest carefully and conscientiously, to Iraqi authorities to allow access to UN former Senator Bob Kerry, a Democrat review the evidence thoroughly, to inspectors; and from Nebraska, wrote in the Wall weigh the costs and the consequences. Resolution 1194, adopted September Street Journal, ‘‘The real choice is be- We are called upon by the Constitution to make an independent judgment, not 9, 1998, condemned the decision by Iraq tween sustaining a military effort de- an automatic acquiescence. to suspend cooperation with inspectors signed to contain Saddam Hussein and and oppose its obligations under Secu- I begin this debate acknowledging a military effort designed to replace several unassailable conclusions. rity Council resolutions. him.’’ He also pointed out that the In 1991, we knew Saddam Hussein was First, we are already in a confronta- United States has spent more than a tion with Iraq. Since the Persian Gulf producing weapons of mass destruc- billion dollars in the last 11 years on tion. We knew it in 1995. We knew it in War, we have maintained military simply containing Saddam. What re- forces in support of international sanc- 1998. We know now—he has these weap- turn have the American people re- ons today. There is no reason he would tions against the regime of Saddam ceived from that investment? Saddam Hussein. Our pilots are routinely fired stop producing them—no one has been is still in power, the Iraqi people are there to stop him. The United States upon as they enforce the ‘‘No Fly’’ still oppressed, and the security and Zones. Thus, the question is not wheth- and Great Britain have been enforcing stability of the region are still threat- the no-fly zones, but no one has been er we should confront Iraq. The ques- ened. tion is how best to thwart this outlaw enforcing Saddam’s commitments to This is the choice we have today. Do disarm. No one can believe he would regime and for what ultimate purpose. we keep the status quo and continue to Second, Saddam Hussein is a des- simply stop producing these evil weap- spend money without any change in picable person who oppresses his people ons out of the goodness of his heart. Iraq or do we authorize the President as he threatens his neighbors. Despite When and if we do use our armed to take action and make some his military defeat in the Persian Gulf forces, we must show one of the vast changes? I support change. Without War and the imposition of sanctions, differences between the US and Sad- any serious action by either the United Saddam continues to defy United Na- dam: a value for human life. To him, States or the international commu- tions resolutions and, of most concern, soldiers are expendable. To us, each nity, we are telling Saddam that his continues to develop and attempts to and every life has value and worth. game can go on. He stays where he is acquire weapons of mass destruction. Any military action inherently puts and continues his shell game. We lose But, our judgment cannot rest simply the lives of our brave soldiers at risk, again. Saddam is more than willing to on his unalloyed evil. We must consider and the American people know this far keep the game going as long as the our actions more broadly. Will we en- too well, but we must explore all possi- United States and the world are willing hance the stability and security of the bilities and attempt to act with as lit- to lose. region? Will we strengthen our security tle American and even Iraqi lives lost The people of Iraq, the people of the not just for the moment, but for the fu- as possible. United States, and the people of the ture as well? What kind of precedent When Congress approved authoriza- world have not need for the leadership will we establish? tion for forays into Iraq in 1998, in one of Saddam Hussein—we can all agree Third, we will decisively defeat Iraqi days debate, no amendments, former on that. If he cannot abide by his inter- military forces in any conflict. The President Clinton, said, ‘‘Let there be national obligations and if he will not skill and courage of our forces, aided no doubt, we are prepared to act.’’ This disarm then, simply put, he needs to by superb technology, will overwhelm is the same message we are again de- go. We need to be rid of him and the Iraqi resistance. The military outcome bating today. We must allow this President needs the authority to use is certain, but the costs and the con- President—President George Bush—to armed forces to remove Saddam if nec- sequences are uncertain and could be stand up and say ‘‘We are prepared to essary. quite grave.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 05:23 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.048 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10209 As I consider the proper course of ac- portant to assess the Iraqi threat as And complicating the record of his tion, as I weigh the uncertainties as best we can. actions against Iran is mounting evi- well as recognize what is apparent, I Iraqi conventional forces have been dence of our covert support both before return again and again to one further seriously degraded since the Gulf War. and after he had begun to employ conclusion. Whatever we do will be bet- Saddam does have a cadre of Repub- chemical weapons. ter done with others. Thus, it is imper- lican Guards that are capable and The second issues involves Saddam’s ative that we commit all of our ener- fought with determination in the Gulf willingness and ability to cooperate gies to encourage the United Nations War. One cannot totally discount Iraq’s with terrorists. After September 11, to live up to its founding principles: to conventional forces, but they are not this issue takes on a new and powerful be more than just an international capable of defeating United States emphasis. Despite extraordinary and forum for discussion; indeed, to be a forces. The most dangerous aspect of justifiable efforts to establish a con- force for collective action in the face of Saddam’s military power is the posses- nection between the Iraqi regime and common dangers. President Bush said sion of chemical and biological weap- the attacks on New York City and the it very well when he addressed the ons and his aspiration to develop or ac- Pentagon and the downed aircraft in United Nations’ General Assembly: quire nuclear weapons. Pennsylvania, no such links have been We created a United Nations Security Today, Iraq has the capability to use established. Indeed, if credible links Council so that, unlike the League of Na- chemical and biological weapons with- exist, the President, in my view, could tions, our deliberations would be more than in the region to augment conventional employ unilateral force under the talk, our resolutions would be more than forces that have been seriously de- terms of the congressional resolution wishes. After generations of deceitful dic- graded since the Gulf War. These capa- tators and broken treaties and squandered passed on September 14, 2001. lives, we’ve dedicated ourselves to standards bilities, however, must be viewed in Recently, however, administration of human dignity shared by all and to a sys- terms of intentions in order to fully officials are publicly, but cryptically, tem of security defended by all. evaluate the threat trying to make the case that there is a Acting alone will increase the risk to An assessment of Iraq intentions re- definite connection between the Iraqi our forces and to our allies in the re- veals areas of consensus and areas of regime and al-Qaida. Secretary Rums- gion. Acting alone will increase the disagreement. It seems clear that Sad- feld and Condolezza Rice have asserted burden that we must bear to restore dam is intent on rebuilding his mili- at various times that Iraq is harboring stability in the region. Acting alone tary and acquiring weapons of mass deal-Qaida fighters in Iraq, that informa- will invite the criticism and animosity struction including nuclear devices. tion from detainees indicates that Iraq of many throughout the world who will His expulsion of U.N. inspectors cer- provided chem-bio weapons training to mistakenly dismiss our efforts as en- tainly supports this view. Moreover, it al-Qaida, and that senior-level contacts tirely self-serving. Acting alone could may suggest that the inspectors posed between the Iraq regime and al-Qaida seriously undermine the structure of a very difficult obstacle to his plans have increased since 1998. They have of- collective security that the United and their future utility cannot be sum- fered few details beyond Secretary States has labored for decades to make marily dismissed. Saddam continues to Rumsfeld’s claims that the information effective. Acting alone today against aspire to be a regional power. Un- is ‘‘factual,’’ extremely accurate’’ and the palpable evil of Saddam may set us checked, Saddam would threaten his ‘‘bulletproof.’’ on a course, charted by the newly an- neighbors and endeavor to claim the But according to the Philadelphia In- nounced doctrine of preemption, that mantel of leadership in the Gulf and, quirer, these claims are disputed by ‘‘a will carry us beyond the limits of our perhaps, in the greater Muslim world. growing number of military officers, power and our wisdom. There is, however, a lack of con- intelligence professionals and dip- For these reasons, I will vote against sensus on two significant points. Will lomats.’’ The article quotes an the Lieberman-Warner resolution Saddam risk the survival of his regime unnamed official declaring: granting the President the permission by threatening or conducting attacks analysts at the working level in the intel- to take unilateral military action on his neighbors? Will Saddam provide ligence community are feeling very strong against Iraq regardless of the imme- weapons of mass destruction to ter- pressure from the Pentagon to cook the in- diacy of the threat. And I will support rorist groups who can or will use them telligence books. the resolution proposed by Senator against the United States or any other The Inquirer article examined some LEVIN. nation? of these administration claims and The Levin resolution recognizes the At the heart of discussions of found that ‘‘the facts are much less inherent right of the President to use Saddam’s possible plans is the general conclusive.’’ our military forces to defend the question of whether deterrence and Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- United States. This resolution supports containment will work against Iraq as sent to have this article printed in the the President’s demands that the it did in the Cold War. Saddam cer- RECORD. United Nations promulgate a tough, tainly has a lot to lose in any conflict There being no objection, the article new framework of inspections to dis- with the United States. Both his life was ordered to be printed in the arm Iraq, and this resolution gives the and his lifestyle would be in great jeop- RECORD, as follows: President the right to use American ardy. Saddam also seems to be devoid [From the Philadelphia Inquirer, Oct. 8, 2002] military forces to enforce the resolve of any ideology other than self-preser- OFFICIALS’ PRIVATE DOUBTS ON IRAQ WAR of the United Nations. The Levin reso- vation and self-aggrandizement. Sad- (By Warren P. Strobel, Jonathan S. Landay lution recognizes Congress’ responsi- dam is a secular thug, not a messianic and John Walcott) bility to promptly consider the Presi- leader. There is evidence that he will WASHINGTON.—While President Bush mar- dent’s request to unilaterally employ not put his regime at risk. During the shals congressional and international sup- American forces if the United Nations Gulf war, the United States clearly sig- port for invading Iraq, a growing number of fails to take effective action. naled that any use of Iraq of chemical military officers, intelligence professionals On Monday in Cincinnati, President or biological weapons against Coalition and diplomats in his own government privately have deep misgivings about the ad- Bush said, ‘‘Later this week the United forces would result in his destruction. ministration’s double-time march toward States Congress will vote on this mat- Saddam accepted a humiliating defeat war. ter. I have asked the Congress to au- rather than risk losing power. These officials say administration hawks thorize the use of America’s military, Of course, there are many who accu- have exaggerated evidence of the threat that if it proves necessary, to enforce U.N. rately point out that Saddam has al- Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein poses, including Security Council demands.’’ That is ready attacked his neighbors, Iran and distorting his links to the al-Qaeda terrorist what the Levin resolution provides. Kuwait. He has used chemical weapons network; have overstated the amount of Those who advocate unilateral action against the Iranians and the Kurds. international support for attacking Iraq; and have downplayed the potential repercussions assume that time has run out in deal- Still, one is left with the question of a new war in the Middle East. ing with Iraq. They see an immediate whether even this despicable behavior They say that the administration squelch- threat that will yield only to imme- is a product of calculation rather than es dissenting views and that intelligence an- diate military action. Thus, it is im- delusion. alysts are under intense pressure to produce

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:12 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.061 S09PT1 S10210 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 reports supporting the White House’s argu- ergy and State Departments disagreed with The Iranians have declared their in- ment that Hussein poses such an immediate an intelligence assessment that said hun- tentions to remain aloof from the con- threat to the United States that preemptive dreds of aluminum tubes Iraq tried to pur- flict. Iran is a bitter foe of Iraq, but its military action is necessary. chase were intended for Baghdad’s secret nu- ‘‘Analysts at the working level in the in- clear-weapons program. Analysts in both de- government is no friend to America. telligence community are feeling very strong partments concluded that the Iraqis prob- The gulf states seem resigned to the pressure from the Pentagon to cook the in- ably wanted the tubes to make conventional possibility of war. Mubarak of Egypt telligence books,’’ said one official, speaking artillery pieces. has repeatedly spoken out against a on condition of anonymity. Other examples of questionable statements unilateral attack, and it is unclear A dozen other officials echoed his views in include: Vice President Cheney said in late whether Egypt will allow the use of its interviews with the Inquirer Washington Bu- August that Iraq might have nuclear weap- airfields. reau. No one who was interviewed disagreed. ons ‘‘fairly soon.’’ A CIA report released Fri- As the New York Times pointed out They cited recent suggestions by Defense day said it could take Iraq until the last half Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld and National of the decade to produce a nuclear weapon, with regard to the Gulf Region and the Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice that Hus- unless it could acquire bomb-grade uranium Middle East: sein and Osama bin Laden’s al-Qaeda net- or plutonium on the black market. The support for the United States is not work working together. Also in August, Rumsfeld suggested that enthusiastic, and is based on any American Rumsfeld said Sept. 26 that the U.S. gov- al-Qaeda operatives fleeing Afghanistan were military action having the backing of a ernment had ‘‘bulletproof’’ confirmation of taking refuge in Iraq with Hussein’s assist- United Nations resolution. links between Iraq and al-Qaeda members, ance. ‘‘In a vicious, repressive dictatorship As we debate, the Iraqis are pre- including ‘‘solid evidence’’ that members of that exercises near-total control over its population, it’s very hard to imagine that paring their responses to our diplo- the terrorist network maintained a presence matic and military initiatives. Their in Iraq. the government is not aware of what’s tak- The facts are much less conclusive. Offi- ing place in the country,’’ he said. Rumsfeld options are shaped by their capabilities cials said Rumsfeld’s statement was based in apparently was referring to about 150 mem- and, I believe, the lessons learned in part on intercepted telephone calls in which bers of the militant Islamic group Ansar al their disastrous defeat in the gulf war an al-Qaeda member who apparently was Islam (‘‘Supporters of Islam’’) who have and their study of the success of Amer- passing through Baghdad was overheard call- taken refuge in Kurdish areas of northern ican military forces in Bosnia, Kosovo, ing friends or relatives, intelligence officials Iraq. However, one of America’s would-be and Afghanistan. said. the intercepts provide no evidence that Kurdish allies controls that part of this country, not Hussein. Their first option is the one that the suspected terrorist was working with the they are currently pursuing; the admis- Iraqi regime or that he was working on a ter- Mr. REED. In addition, a full assess- rorist operation while he was in Iraq, they ment of the assertions of Secretary sion of U.N. weapon inspectors under said. Rumsfeld and National Security Advi- the most lenient conditions possible. Rumsfeld also suggested that the Iraqi re- sor Rice is hampered by the failure of The Iraqis are not unmindful that in- gime had offered safe haven to bin Laden and the Central Intelligence Agency to pro- spectors in Baghdad are the best insur- Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar. vide an updated National Intelligence ance that they can have against a mili- While technically true, that, too, is mis- Estimate of the current situation in tary attack by the United States. Even leading. Intelligence reports said the Iraqi if this Congress authorized the Presi- ambassador to Turkey, a longtime Iraqi in- Iraq. telligence officer, made the offer during a Given the subjective nature and in- dent to use military force against Iraq visit to Afghanistan in late 1998, after the herent difficulty of evaluating the in- at his sole discretion without regard to United States attacked al-Qaeda training tentions of such an opaque structure as the United Nations, it is difficult to camps with cruise missiles to retaliate for the Iraqi regime, much more weight conceive of the President ordering an the bombings of the U.S. embassies in Kenya must be given to their capabilities. attack with U.N. inspectors in Iraq car- and Tanzania. But officials said the same in- Saddam does not deserve the benefit of rying out a U.N. resolution and pre- telligence reports said bin Laden rejected the doubt. But looking at Iraqi capa- sumably telling CNN that their mis- the offer because he did not want Hussein to sion is proceeding. control his group. bilities alone, the threat is not imme- In fact, the officials said, there is no iron- diate. If unchecked, the threat is inevi- The State Department is engaged in clad evidence that the Iraqi regime and the table and dangerous. But, at time have difficult negotiations to broker a new terrorist network are working together, or the opportunity to pursue a collective resolution while at the same time de- that Hussein has ever contemplated giving solution to Iraq. This is an approach laying the entry of inspectors into chemical or biological weapons to al-Qaeda, that offers a greater chance of success Iraq. If these negotiations fail, the with whom he has deep ideological dif- and a greater chance of long-term sta- United States would find itself in a pre- ferences. bility. carious position. Not only will we be None of the dissenting officials, who work deprived of a new and strengthened en- in a number of different agencies, would Whatever course of action that we agree to speak publicly, out of fear of ret- choose, we cannot absolutely ignore or forcement mechanism, we likely will ribution. Many of them have long experience disregard the views and opinions of be exerting all our formal and informal in the Middle East and South Asia, and all other countries. With the exception of influence to prevent the reintroduction spoke in similar terms about their unease Great Britain, there are few nations of inspectors. Blocking the reentry of with the way that U.S. political leaders were that are supportive of unilateral ac- inspectors would further isolate us in dealing with Iraq. tion. the world. If we succeed in brokering a All agreed that Hussein was a threat who The nations that surround Iraq are new and more effective inspection eventually must be dealt with, and none flat- ly opposed military action. But, they say, critical to the success of any military scheme, there is a significant prob- that U.S. government has no dramatic new operation and to the long-term success ability that Iraq, despite it repeated knowledge about the Iraqi leader that justi- of our policy. And, regional support for defiance and rejection of tougher fies Bush’s urgent call to arms. unilateral American military oper- standards, will initially comply. Sad- Some lawmakers have voiced similar con- ations is equivocal at best. dam has consistently practiced the pol- cerns after receiving CIA briefings. Sen. Turkey seems likely to allow use of itics of survival. Accepting inspectors, RICHARD J. DURBIN (D., Ill.) said some infor- its airbases but without great enthu- even inspectors with unconditional and mation he had seen did not support Bush’s siasm and with great concern about the unconstrained access, will buy time. If portrayal of the Iraqi threat. ‘‘It’s troubling Kurds. Saudi Arabia opposes toppling to have classified information that con- Saddam refuses to accept inspectors in tradicts statements made by the administra- Saddam and has stated it will allow the accord with a more robust U.N. resolution,’’ DURBIN said. ‘‘There’s more they use of its bases only if the operation is tion, he seals his fate. should share with the public.’’ authorized by the United Nations. The The recognition by the administra- Several administration and intelligence of- potential loss of Saudi bases and over- tion that Iraq may capitulate in the ficials defended CIA Director George Tenet, flight rights will limit our flexibility. face of a strong Security Council reso- saying Tenet was not pressuring his analysts King Abdullah of Jordan has described lution might tempt them to half- but was quietly working to include dis- a military confrontation with Iraq as a hearted pursuit of United Nations au- senting opinions in intelligence estimates and congressional briefings. ‘‘catastrophe’’ for the region. His reluc- thority. They should resist those temp- In one case, a senior administration offi- tant support is based on our commit- tations. It is clearly preferable to oper- cial said, Tenet made sure that a State De- ment not to seek permission to intro- ate with a U.N. authorization whether partment official told Congress that the En- duce American forces into Jordan. it is contained in one resolution that

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 05:58 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.052 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10211 promulgates a new inspection scheme make our presence a greater burden on Baghdad. Suddam ordered the oil fields backed by the explicit authorization of supportive governments. of Kuwait destroyed as his army fled. force or a two-staged process that in- If Saddam does not choose to launch He may do the same as his forces with- troduces inspectors with enhanced preemptive attacks on our build-up, draw. Moreover, since our major ave- powers but defers the question of en- there is increasing evidence that he nue of approach is through Southern forcement until Iraqi non-compliance will use chemical and biological weap- Iraq, the traditional home of Iraqi Shi- is established. ons against our forces as they com- ites, Saddam is unlikely to have any If inspectors are not reintroduced mence the attack. Last Tuesday Prime reluctance to inflict damage on a com- into Iraq and Iraq is convinced of a Minister Blair released a report, which munity that he has always suppressed. pending American-led attack, then the stated that Saddam might have al- If Iraq forces can maintain any co- possibility of terrorist attacks by Iraq ready delegated authority to employ herence in the face of our assault, par- within the United States must be con- chemical and biological weapons to his ticularly our air assaults, then they sidered. In a letter read before a hear- youngest son, Qusai, who leads the Re- will most likely make their major ing of the Senate and House Intel- publican Guard. Reportedly, Saddam stand in Baghdad. In the streets and ligence Committees, CIA Director, had, prior to the start of the 1991 Per- alleys of Baghdad, our technological George Tenet, stated that: sian Gulf ground war, issued specific advantages are reduced. It would be- Baghdad for now appears to be drawing a orders for the use of WMD if the allies come a more difficult battle. line short of conducting terrorist attacks were winning the ground war and The International Institute of Stra- with conventional or chemical or biological crossed a line 200 miles south of Bagh- tegic Studies reports that Iraq’s weapons. dad. ‘‘wisest course would be to hunker But, Tenet went on to warn: Once again, Iraqi chemical or biologi- down in cities, distribute and hide its Should Saddam conclude that a U.S.-led cal attacks against United States forces, and fight from those places. It attack against his country could not be de- forces will not halt our attack. Amer- cannot be assumed that the Iraqi Army terred ‘‘he probably would become much less ican units are trained and equipped to would deploy armour in the open constrained in adopting terrorist action.’’ operate in chemical or biological envi- desert, as in 1990–91, firing from static And, if Iraq is contemplating terror ronments. However, such attacks can positions and presenting an immobile in America, then Iraqis are more than cause delay, disruption and increased target for airpower, as the Taliban did. likely to be considering preemptive casualties. General Hoar, former Many Iraqi weapons and command and strikes on our forces as we build up CENTCOM Commander, testified before control centers will be placed near prior to an attack. One of the most the Armed Services Committee that apartments, hospitals, schools, and compelling lessons of the gulf war and prior to offensive operations in 1991, he mosques.’’ General Hoar testified at the Armed subsequent American military oper- was briefed on a simulation conducted Services Committee of a ‘‘nightmare ations is that letting the United States at Quantico that indicated the possi- scenario’’ that needs to be planned build up its military forces is tanta- bility of 10,000 casualties to the as- mount to victory for the United States. for—six Iraqi Republican Guard divi- saulting Coalition forces due prin- sions and six heavy divisions reinforced If we can assemble in sufficient num- cipally to the potential use of chemical bers the best warfighters in the world with several thousand antiaircraft ar- and biological weapons. We have im- tillery pieces defending the city of with the best military technology in proved our protective equipment and the world, we will win the military bat- Baghdad, resulting in urban warfare monitors since the gulf war. We have with high casualties on both sides, as tle every time and certainly in the case devoted great effort to developing tech- well as the civilian populace. of Iraq. niques to target and suppress opposing We are all mindful that, during the If Hussein’s goal is to kill U.S. sol- systems that could deliver chemical Gulf War, Saddam launched 39 Scud diers and slow down an invasion, he and biological weapons. Nevertheless, missiles against Israel as a means to might strike in the early days of a chemical and biological attacks would provoke the Israelis to retaliate. It was campaign at regional ports or airfields pose serious risks to our forces and to a desperate attempt to change the dy- when those facilities are filled to ca- the civilian population. namic of a war that was leading to a pacity with U.S. forces gathering for It is important to note that both humiliating defeat. He hoped that the fight. In 1997, a Pentagon team of General John Shalikashvili and Gen- Israel could be drawn into the war and 18 generals and admirals projected dif- eral Wesley Clark in testimony before their involvement would cause the ferent ways such an attack could take the Armed Services Committee agreed Muslim world to abandon the inter- place. In one scenario, small teams of that operating under United Nations national coalition and rally to Saddam. Iraqi infiltrators unleashed mustard authority would tend to raise the The Israelis did not take the bait. They gas from an old bread truck outfitted threshold for the Iraqis to use weapons endured missile attacks, refrained from with agricultural sprayers. In the proof mass destruction. Operating alone, retaliation and watched as coalition jected scenario, the truck was mistak- the United States runs the risk of Iraqi forces dictated terms to a defeated enly let on base by troops who thought gambling that international opinion Iraq. it was delivering food. In another sce- will not be as critical of Iraq in the em- Given Saddam’s history and his op- nario, a helicopter took off from a ployment of these weapons. tions, it is highly probable that he will barge floating about 15 miles from the If the first lesson of the gulf war is once again seek to draw Israel into the Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia don’t let the United States build up its conflict as a means of rallying the and sprayed cholera into the air, in- forces, the second lesson is don’t fight Muslim world to his cause. He has a fecting thousands of U.S. Marines pre- the United States at long range in open limited number of missiles to fire at paring to board ships. The Marines terrain. Our troops, training and tech- Israel. However, it is likely that Pales- didn’t fall ill until they were at sea. Fi- nology give us decisive advantages to tinian forces like Hamas and Hezbollah nally, the generals envisioned speed- locate and destroy targets with inte- will launch either sympathetic or ex- boats, loaded with chemical and bio- grated fires at great range. The deserts plicitly coordinated attacks against logical weapons, ramming into docks of Iraq are ideally suited for our forces Israel. This later dimension was not near key U.S. ports in Bahrain and Ku- and will be the graveyard of the Iraqi such a formidable factor in 1991. Today, wait. Added to these scenarios is the army if they chose to fight us there. the potential for suicide attacks and possibility of a missile attack similar Unless the Iraqis learned nothing widespread violence in the West Bank to the one launched against our rear from their defeat, they will not fight and elsewhere in Israel is more pro- areas during the gulf war. our forces in the open. They likely will nounced. A chemical or biological attack on conduct a strategic withdrawal to According to Western and Israeli in- our forces as they assemble would dis- Baghdad.,fighting at choke points like telligence sources, Hezbollah militants rupt our operations but not ultimately rivers and urban areas. But, they may in southern Lebanon are reported to defeat them. It would increase our cas- also conduct a scorched earth policy as have amassed thousands of surface-to- ualties and costs. It also has the poten- they withdraw to slow us down and surface rockets with ranges sufficient tial to sow panic in civilian ranks and deny us speedy avenues of approach to to strike cities in northern Israel.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 05:58 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00075 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.075 S09PT1 S10212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 The administration hopes that the But, there are certainly no guarantees war cost about $80 billion in direct in- government of Israel will exercise the that we can do so without significant cremental costs, and our allies paid same restraint that it showed in 1991. casualties to our forces and to the ci- much of this expense. That might be a forlorn hope. On Sep- vilian population. Much of the Iraqi re- Indirect effects on our economy are tember 26, Prime Minister Sharon said, sponse turns on the willingness of his hard to estimate, but there is great ‘‘If Iraq attacks Israel, but does not hit forces to resist and to follow his sup- concern that military operations in population centers of cause casualties, posed orders to employ weapons of Iraq will further complicate a fragile our interest will be not to make it hard mass destruction. It is difficult to pre- economy. on the Americans. If on the other hand, dict these dimensions of loyalty and One of the most potentially volatile harm is doneto Israel, if we suffer cas- morale. But, this battle seems likely to economic aspects of a war in Iraq will ualties or if non-conventional weapons produce more causalities and costs be its effect on the price of oil. Accord- of mass destruction are used against than the Persian Gulf war for the sim- ing to the Congressional Research us, then definitely Israel will take the ple reason that the President has re- Service, ‘‘the effect of a sudden and proper action to defend its citizens.’’ peatedly associated our use of force sustained increase in the price of oil We all recognize the right of Israel to with regime change. In a battle to re- could deepen an existing recession or defend itself. The Prime Minister’s move Saddam from power, his despera- push an already weak economy into re- first responsibility is to his people. tion and the desperation of his loyal- cession.’’ But we also understand that Israeli ists will cast this as a battle to the Our occupation of Iraq will place us retaliation would put great pressure on death. Unfortunately, one of the hall- in control of the world’s second largest Muslim countries to either end any marks of dictators is that many people oil reserves. Directly or indirectly, we support for United States efforts or to suffer and die, many innocent people, will become a major force in the inter- actively oppose our efforts. Here again, before they meet their demise. national politics of oil. That fact will a strong argument can be made that an We will prevail in any battle against not be lost on other producing nations operation sanctioned by the United Na- Iraq. But, military victory brings with and the world at large. There is a real tions might give these countries suffi- it a host of other problems. Again, an danger that our motivation to remove cient justification to participate with examination of these issues strongly Saddam will be ignored or quickly for- the international community rather suggests that our tasks would be im- gotten, and our attack on Iraq will be than oppose efforts to decisively deal mensely aided if we initiated our oper- seen as old fashion imperialism. Once with Saddam. ations with the broadest possible inter- again, this perception is most likely to We are prepared militarily to counter national coalition vested with the au- develop if we conduct our operations all of these Iraqi threats. Our first pri- thority of the United Nations. unilaterally. ority will be to establish an air defense The Administration’s avowed policy To date, the administration has not system to protect our forces as they of ‘‘regime change’’ combined with the publicly suggested how they intend to enter the region. Our ground based air discretion to wage a unilateral attack deal with Iraqi oil. This is a major defense batteries and active aerial pa- on Iraq will inevitably lead to the in- issue of international importance trolling will help mitigate any poten- definite occupation of Iraq by United touching the economic, diplomatic and tial Iraqi threat from the air. We have States forces. Such an occupation will security priorities of the world. had extensive collaboration with Israel be expensive and will impose signifi- A unilateral attack by the United on the development of their Arrow air States will engender worldwide criti- defense system. This collaboration and cant stress on our military forces that are already ‘‘stabilizing’’ Afghanistan, cism as already suggested by the com- other collaborative efforts will be ac- ments of many leaders around the celerated to help ensure that any po- Bosnia, Kosovo, and other areas across world and reflected in public opinion in tential Iraqi attack on Israel will be the Globe. Moreover, governing Iraq is not one many countries. A swift victory with- frustrated. In the conduct of offensive oper- of the easiest tasks. It is a country out significant casualties or damage ations, we will prepare the battlefield with at least three major factions; the will mute this criticism in many quar- with intensive air strikes. But, one of Kurds in the North, Sunni Muslims in ters, but it will not easily extinguish the factors that must be considered in the Center and Shiite Muslims in the the resentment of our ‘‘go it alone’’ this air campaign is the inadvertent re- South. The potential for disintegration policy. A difficult and costly struggle lease of chemical or biological agents along ethnic and religious lines is sig- will accelerate this criticism and cre- as a result of our bombing. Press sto- nificant. ate problems that will inhibit diplo- ries suggest that the Iraqis have placed Our tasks in Iraq will be immensely matic and economic progress on other sensitive installations in urban areas complicated by the probable damage fronts. as a way to protect them from the ex- resulting from the military campaign. One of the unintended consequences pected air campaign. We could discover Although we will deploy precision mis- of a unilateral assault on Iraq may be that we have unwittingly created a sions and will be acutely conscious of our efforts on the War on Terror; the chemical or biological release that minimizing collateral damage, a unfinished business of completely de- would be exploited by the Iraqi govern- ‘‘scorched earth’’ policy by the Iraqis stroying Al Qaida before they strike us ment not as confirmation of their compounded by the possible release of again. Despite all the good faith assur- treachery but as an attack on our con- toxic agents and the possibility of ex- ances of military leaders that they will duct of the operation. tensive combat in built-up areas may not lose focus on the War on Ter- Indeed, the potential use of chemical lead to significant damage and signifi- rorism, the scale of the proposed oper- and biological weapons is one of the cant civilian casualities. ation, the notoriety and the huge risks great uncertainties of a battle against Again, after the battle, we would involved will inevitably draw resources Iraq. The President and Secretary look for international assistance to re- and attention from the War on Terror. Rumsfeld are trying to dissuade Iraqi build Iraq. That assistance would be Further complicating our efforts on field commanders from deploying these more forthcoming if we initiated oper- the War of terror is the real possibility weapons by sternly and correctly warn- ations with international support rath- that many countries that are now as- ing them that they will be held ac- er than without it. sisting us will greet future requests countable for war crimes. Even before calculating the costs of with studied indifference or denial. It is an open question whether this postwar reconstruction of Iraq, we The President asks for the authority warning will be effective with individ- must recognize that military oper- to use force unilaterally. This request uals who owe their position and lives ations in Iraq will be expensive in di- must be viewed in the context of the to Saddam and who would likely face rect costs and could have significant newly promulgated National Security swift and fatal retribution from Sad- and detrimental effects on our econ- Strategy. The core of this new strategy dam before they would be subject to omy. rejects deterrence and embraces pre- international law. Estimates of the direct cost of an at- emption. We are prepared to counter Iraqi re- tack on Iraq range from $50 billion to According to this strategy, the sponses to our military operations. $200 billion. For perspective, the gulf United States has long maintained the

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00076 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.079 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10213 option of preemptive actions to President spoke of in Cincinnati, is the and U.N. resolutions. With deference to counter a sufficient threat to our na- surest way to reduce the dangers and these circumstances and probable tional security. The greater the threat, ensure the long-term success of our facts, the United Nations and the world the greater the risk of inaction—and policy. It is for this reason that I sup- community must act swiftly and deci- the more compelling the case for tak- port the Levin resolution. sively in response to the Iraqi threat. ing anticipatory action to defend our- Great events will turn on our delib- As my colleague Senator KERRY said selves, even if uncertainty remains as erations. But, at this moment, my earlier today: The question is not to the time and place of the enemy’s thoughts are not on historic forces. whether Saddam Hussein should be attack. To forestall or prevent such Rather, I think about the young Amer- held accountable to disarm; the ques- hostile acts by our adversaries, the icans who will carry out our policies. tion is how. Should disarmament be United States will, if necessary, act They are prepared to sacrifice every- imposed by the United States alone or preemptively. thing. We owe them more than we can with the weight of global public opin- There is no argument that the United ever repay. One thing that we certainly ion behind it? To answer the question States, like every nation, retains the owe them is our best judgment. I have how, one needs to consider the context right to defend itself from an imminent tried to give them mine. of the broader role America plays as a hostile act. But, this strategy goes I yield the floor. single remaining superpower. much further. It appears to be based Mr. President, I yield the floor and As I see it, America should make not on the immediacy of a hostile act suggest the absence of a quorum. every effort to build a global coalition but simply on the ‘‘sufficiency’’ of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The to achieve our objective of disarming threat. It fails to make any distinction clerk will call the roll. Iraq. This effort should be considered based on the nature or timing of the The assistant legislative clerk pro- our first priority in these grave cir- threat. As such, it can be applied or ceeded to call the roll. cumstances. Building an international misapplied to a wide range of adver- Mr. CORZINE. Mr. President, I ask coalition will give moral authority to saries. unanimous consent that the order for our challenge, share the sacrifices that There is no question that the United the quorum call be rescinded. will be incurred, and set a positive States must act preemptively against The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. precedent for the future in foreign rela- terrorist like al-Qaida. The nature of REED). Without objection, it is so or- tions among nations. the threat and the immediacy of the dered. The benefits of working coopera- threat leave no other option. Al-Qaida Mr. CORZINE. I thank the Chair. I tively with other countries have been a has no significant and identifiable in- thank the distinguished Senator from cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy since stitutions, resources or assets to hold Oklahoma for the opportunity to go the end of World War II. That is why hostage as a means of changing behav- forward. the United States worked to create the ior. Al-Qaida has no significant and I rise tonight to express my views on United Nations in the very first in- identifiable institutions, resources or what has become the overriding issue stance. assets to hold hostage as a means of before the Senate and our Nation as we Strangely, this administration has changing behavior. Al-Qaida makes on close out the 107th Congress: the au- sometimes appeared to consider multi- pretense of attempting to participate thorization of the use of military force lateral support for a military campaign in the international system of nation against Iraq and in what context and to be an unnecessary inconvenience. states. Al-Qaida is not motivated by under what circumstances such an op- Even in light of our unprecedented calculated self interest as much as it is eration might take place. international support and cooperation motivated by an apocalyptic impulse This issue has been one on which I following the tragedy of 9/11—some 90 for the destruction of its enemies and have given much thought and careful nations if I am not mistaken—it was the ritual sacrifice of its adherents. analysis. This decision quite literally only after the President delivered his There is no choice but to seek out has life-and-death implications, not September 12 speech at the United Na- these terrorists and destroy them be- just for our courageous men and tions that he began visible and serious fore they attack us again. women in uniform but for all Ameri- outreach to the global community. But al-Qaida is different that many cans across our homeland, for your This week, the President in his threats that face us. And, extending family and mine. speech in Cincinnati went further to this notion of preemption and bol- No decision we take can weigh more embrace a multilateral approach. I stering it in resolutions that give the heavily on our hearts and minds, par- support what he expressed in that President authority at his discretion to ticularly in light of the exposed speech. In my view, we must reinforce conduct unilateral military operations vulnerabilities and tragic events of his recent instincts. We all know at the starts us down a potentially dangerous September 11, 2001. This is as impor- end of the day the United States al- path. tant an issue as any of us will ever ways retains the inherent right to act We are debating Iraq today, but will face. It requires a sober and calculating unilaterally in self-defense. With that we apply this preemptive doctrine to weight of the costs and benefits to our understanding, I believe strongly we Iran or North Korea tomorrow? How do Nation. must not stop pursuing, however, the we prevent others from adopting this Ultimately, our decision will shape support of the world community before same strategy if we have enshrined it the nature of the U.S. leadership as the acting alone. as the centerpiece of our policy? For first among equals in the post-cold-war The United States may be the strong- example, how to we counsel the Indians world, and our decision sets a prece- est country in the world militarily. We to refrain from preemptively attacking dent for ourselves and for those who still need allies. We need help with lo- Pakistan or vice versa? From New take our lead in the 21st century for gistics. We need intelligence coopera- Delhi or Islamabad, the threat looks good or evil. tion and overflight rights to help us ‘‘sufficient’’ and striking first is entic- No one argues that Saddam Hussein’s succeed. That is in the short run. And ing. brutal and criminal regime should be after the military campaign is over, we In this first test of the President’s tolerated. He and his regime are evil. will need help in the long run recon- new National Security Strategy, we We all accept that Hussein uses torture structing Iraq and rebuilding a civil so- should be very careful to define the and terrorism to advance his political ciety. But if the world community is scope of his authority to avoid being goals. He constructs palaces while his not with us when we take off, it will be swept up in a doctrine that appears to people starve. He stockpiles biological hard to ask for their help when we have few limits. and chemical weapons. At times, these land. Our continuing confrontation with weapons of mass destruction have been Our Nation has been well served if we Iraq is fraught with danger and chal- unleashed against the Iraqi people and share the human and financial sac- lenge. Much is uncertain, but I believe his enemies. rifices required to prosecute the war that one point is quite clear. Leading All of us are concerned that the Iraqi and keep the peace, and we will be well an international coalition to enforce regime is seeking to develop nuclear served in the future if we follow that United Nations resolutions, as the weapons contrary to international law pattern. Unless we have the support of

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00077 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.083 S09PT1 S10214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 our allies, it will be difficult to ask Furthermore, by advancing a policy cerns I relate to in the underlying them for humanitarian assistance in of unilateral preemption, we could be Lieberman-Warner resolution, but I am helping to feed, clothe, and heal the encouraging state sponsors of ter- fearful, as I have suggested, that by Iraqi people or reestablishing the rule rorism such as Iran and Syria to form their reference to other U.N. resolu- of law. unholy alliances with just the kinds of tions that may not be the case. It will be difficult to ask for assist- agents of terror that caused the hor- I certainly believe we could have ance for peacekeeping and rific events of September 11. Iran, done better through the Biden-Lugar nationbuilding activities. In the past, Iraq’s mortal enemy, actually opposes approach. the current administration has been a U.S. invasion of Iraq. Why is that? Finally, I am troubled my the fact somewhat reticent to support these Perhaps because Iran fears that if the that Congress is being asked to make a kinds of operations. As a case in point, U.S. attacks Iraq today, we might at- decision on a matter of this gravity we relied on the armed forces of other tack Iran tomorrow. Clearly, the thaw- without being fully informed with all countries, for example, to restore law ing of relations between these two U.S. relevant intelligence. It is an unfortu- and order in Afghanistan. Yet if other adversaries should give us pause. One nate fact but many of us, and I can countries had not been committed from can only wonder what Iran’s instruc- speak for myself, have often learned the beginning, they would have been tions to their agents of terror will be in more by reading the New York Times much less likely to participate once a world where they feel threatened and the Washington Post than by at- the fighting was over. under a preemption doctrine. tending the secret briefings provided to Unilateralism also brings with us Earlier this week, Senator GRAHAM Senators. great costs—most importantly, costs in introduced an amendment which au- Even today, we hear about a conflict the precious lives of our men and thorized the President to use force between what it is the CIA says is the women in uniform, people who serve us against several identified dangerous likely response of the Saddam Hussein bravely. terrorist groups, including Iranian- regime when they no longer have other It also brings us costs as we saw in linked Hezbollah and Hamas. I sup- options and would be the case as pre- the gulf war. The United States had ported that amendment because I be- sented by the administration. relatively low out-of-pocket expenses. lieve that those foreign terrorist orga- In the future, I hope that the admin- The reason was, we had a coalition of nizations represent an even higher istration will be more open earlier with nations. Although the Congressional order risk to American security than secure briefings in the process so that Research Service notes that war cost Iraq. Members of Congress can make fully about $80 billion, much of that was cov- Like al-Qaida, these organizations informed decisions. I think they should ered by allied contributions. have the clear means of delivery. These be built upon true intelligence. Without allies, the United States, it terrorist groups may already be oper- It is in this overarching context, that is projected, will have to shoulder by ating in our homeland. I am concerned I will cosponsor and strongly support itself the $100 billion to $200 billion that, at some level, Iraq may be a dan- the Levin amendment which authorizes pricetag suggested by the administra- gerous distraction from America’s war the use of force pursuant to a new UN tion for the current war. I have seen on terrorism. While the United States security council resolution demanding higher estimates. It really depends on military has certainly disrupted the swift council resolution demanding how long our participation in the swift, certain, and unconditional in- peacekeeping and nationbuilding ef- activities of the al-Qaida network, no spections and Iraqi disarmament. The forts will go on afterwards. one should doubt that al-Qaida and its It should not be lost on the American sympathizers continue to operate. The Levin amendment in no way comprises people that we are still in Korea, 50 administration tells the American peo- the US’ inherent right to self-defense some years after our intervention. In ple this almost every week. or Congress’ ability to authorize uni- other words, unilateralism is expensive These groups continue to plot ways lateral actions if the UN fails to act. and its cost—crowd out other priorities to undermine the American way of life But it embraces the multilateral ap- on the Nation’s agenda from our first and our security. As the United States proach as a first priority. responders to our first graders. considers its future course of action This course of action, will bring with Unfortunately, by authorizing force with respect to Iraq, a potential threat, it all the benefits I have sought to out- before a multilateral approach has we must assure the American people line, a multilateral approach, without been devised, the President’s resolution that we will not be distracted from the giving up the right of unilateral ap- provides no assurance that the world effort to destroy a proven threat, al- proach as a last resort. In my judg- community will be actively involved in Qaida and these other terrorist organi- ment, the Levin amendment embraces either the military campaign or, more zations. That should be our No. 1 pri- the need for the U.S. to lead a dan- importantly, the reconstruction ef- ority. It certainly has been in repeated gerous world to disarm Saddam Hus- forts. statements by the President. I am also sein today with a multilateral ap- In the long run, the Bush doctrine of concerned that the resolution we have proach, while setting a pattern and unilateral preemption embedded in the before us is structured with an overly precedent that provides for greater se- underlying resolution would set an broad scope. It refers to UN Security curity to the people of the United awful example for the world commu- Council resolutions that are unrelated States and around the world. nity—a precedent based on the concept to the primary goal of disarming Iraq That security will be in today’s cir- of survival of the fittest. and eliminating its delivery capacity cumstances but it will equally be true For generations, the United States of weapons of mass destruction. as a guide to the future by its prece- has decried the aggression of foreign We must remember that the threat dent. As a matter of conscience, bar- governments across the globe. We we feel is not from the Iraqi people but ring substantive changes, I intend to fought the patriotic and just fights from the criminal regime’s control of oppose the underlying Lieberman-War- against the Nazis and Communists who weapons of mass destruction. And sec- ner resolution. sought world domination. How in the ond, because the underlying resolution I yield the floor. future can we criticize Russia for at- refers to UN Security Council Resolu- Mr. REED. The Senator from Okla- tacking Georgia or stop India from tion 678, a resolution that discusses the homa. taking action against Pakistan or be- importance of returning security to the Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I do lieve Taiwan will be safe from China? ‘‘area,’’ we may inadvertently be per- think our distinguished Senator from Many countries may feel threats, con- mitting military action beyond Iraq. New Jersey stressed the sense of ur- tinuing or imminent. They, too, could Potentially, some of these structural gency that is upon us right now when argue preemptive rights. The under- concerns were addressed by other reso- he said perhaps the greatest decision lying resolution would codify the Bush lutions that were circulated including we will have to make during the terms preemption doctrine in precedent and one drafted by Senators BIDEN AND we are serving is going to be tomorrow. could undermine our moral authority LUGAR. I think that is probably right. Even and leadership credibility in limiting There were attempts to define away though I disagree with many of the future conflicts around the globe. some of the broader aspects of the con- things he stated, I certainly respect

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00078 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.175 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10215 him for the commitment and belief he bombing in 1993. They did not stop support of the President’s resolution, has in his interpretation of the facts Khobar Towers in 1996. They did not we choose to exercise our right to de- and the course we should take. stop the Embassy bombings of Kenya fend ourselves. How unreasonable of us. I have been listening for quite a num- and Tanzania in 1998. They did not stop We have the right under inter- ber of hours now, and I quite frankly or prevent the loss of 17 sailors’ lives in national law to defend ourselves. Arti- have to say it has not been all that Yemen in 2000. The United Nations did cle 51 of the United Nations Charter easy. I believe tomorrow we will give not stop the airplanes from flying into states: Nothing in the present charter the President of the United States the the World Trade Center, into the Pen- shall impair the inherent right of an full support of this body in order to tagon, and the field in Pennsylvania. individual or collective self-defense if send the right message to Saddam Hus- The United Nations will not stop Sad- an armed attack occurs against a mem- sein and to terrorists all over the dam Hussein from giving a nuclear de- ber of the United Nations. world, and that message is this: The vice to a terrorist, putting it on an air- The current Iraqi regime has been United States of America will not live plane and flying it into an American harboring and supporting terrorist net- in fear. city. Of course, this time, instead of works since the early 1990s. We know I have ended every speech I have 3,000 deaths, there could be hundreds of that, maybe before that. We have been made since 1995 with one sentence, and thousands of deaths. under attack ever since. I challenge I feel compelled to start this speech I often remember the television any of my colleagues to tell any of our with that sentence. That sentence is scenes, the horrible scenes from New brave soldiers who fly combat planes that we today are in the most vulner- York City of the airplanes hitting into over Iraq every day that the surface-to- able and threatened position we have the World Trade Center. Then I air missiles Iraq has been firing is not been in in our Nation’s history. thought, if that had been the weapon of a hostile act. Iraq forces have fired on In January 2002, our President gave a choice of a terrorist—in other words, a U.S. and British pilots 1,600 times since magnificent State of the Union ad- nuclear warhead on a missile—there 2000. Since September 18—remember dress. He said: would be nothing left but a piece of what happened on September 18 of this Our enemies send other people’s children charcoal. We would not be talking year—hours after Saddam Hussein on missions of suicide and murder. They em- about 3,000 lives, we would be talking promised to allow the return of U.N. brace tyranny and death as a cause and a about 2 or 3 million lives. inspectors without conditions, he fired creed. We stand for a different choice, made Why should the President of the on American and British pilots 67 long ago, on the day of our founding. We af- United States delegate his responsi- times. That is 67 times since Sep- firm it again today. We choose freedom and bility of protecting this Nation to the tember 18 when he made the promise. the dignity of every life. United Nations? We made a similar Is anyone home? What message are we The handwringers have already mar- mistake back in 1998. Look where it sending our brave men and women in shaled their special interest groups to has gotten us. In 1998, in an attempt to uniform if we only consider it a hostile delay this body from giving our Presi- get the Iraqi regime to comply with act when one of those missiles hits an dent the homeland security bill he the U.N. resolutions—doesn’t that aircraft? asked for way back in June. And just sound familiar—the administration The message we must send our mili- like the homeland security bill, they blessed Secretary Annan’s trip to tary, our allies, the United Nations, are trying to weaken the President’s Baghdad, and in doing so let the United and those who support the current ability to protect this Nation with a Nations negotiate on behalf of the Iraqi regime is that the United States hollow resolution against Iraq. United States, which proved to be a of America chooses not to live in fear We are going to have to give the very serious mistake. Part of that par- and we will defend ourselves. That mes- President the flexibility he needs to ticular agreement was the recognition sage will be sent with the over- protect this Nation. Making the poten- of the eight palaces as special sites. whelming passage of the President’s tial use of U.S. military force contin- And that compromise continues to resolution. gent upon the current deliberations of haunt us today. The administration The Armed Services Committee re- the U.N. Security Council is absurd. should not have let the United Nations cently had a series of hearings with Our national security must not be tied negotiate and compromise for the former civilian and military leaders re- to the actions of the ‘‘mother of all United States in 1998. And the current garding the Iraqi issue. My fellow col- handwringers,’’ the United Nations. administration should not do it now leagues on the other side of the aisle I keep hearing a grinding noise. It is and will not do it now. have been using some of the testimony our forefathers turning over in their My distinguished colleague, the of witnesses to make their case that graves. Can they really believe this Na- chairman of the Armed Services Com- the United States must wait for the tion would get into the position where mittee, likes to say: Saddam is looking United Nations to make a decision. A we would have to ask some multi- down the barrel of a gun. He should be lot of people do not realize, but there national organization before our Presi- looking at the international commu- are over 4,000 retired generals floating dent had the right to defend America? nity at the other end, not the United around the country today. They have I think not. And why are we letting the States. only found three who would agree with same groups of individuals that have While I respect my friend and col- them. So they went out and found the prevented us from getting a homeland league and admire his passion behind three who said we have to continue to security bill, during a time of war, by his convictions, I could not disagree wait for the United Nations to solve the way, from supporting the President more. Saddam Hussein has been look- the Iraqi issue. of the United States? What is next? Do ing down the gun barrel of the inter- The fourth member of that panel, not they want us to go to the United Na- national community for 11 years. The quoted by any of my fellow colleagues, tions to get a homeland security bill? problem is that he knows the gun is disagreed with the other three gen- The American people have to wonder full of blanks. The Iraqi regime knows erals. Lieutenant General McInerney about this one simple question: Why do the United States does not shoot had the following comments about the those who oppose the President’s reso- blanks, which is why they continue to suggestion of weakening the Presi- lution trust the United Nations more manipulate and deceive the United Na- dent’s authority. Members have not than they trust the President of the tions. heard this from anyone, just the other United States? I know our Secretary of State is three generals. The United Nations did not stop in working very closely with the members He said: If you water this down— 1992 the threat of 100 servicemen in of the Security Council in order to get talking about the President’s Iraqi res- Yemen. The United Nations did not a U.N. resolution against Iraq that is olution—you are going to send a signal stop the 18 rangers from dying in So- not full of blanks. I hope he has al- to al-Qaida. You may not want to, but malia or their naked bodies from being ready expressed to the Security Coun- you are going to send it to Saddam and dragged through the streets of cil this Nation is united, and with the say, well, we don’t quite trust them. Mogadishu. The United Nations did not overwhelming support of the American The signal you want to send is this na- stop the World Trade Center, the first people and this Congress in the form of tion is united. You want to send that

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00079 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.177 S09PT1 S10216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 to the U.N. because I happen to be- under heavy security. The American try. We had eight grades in one room lieve—which is different than General people were full of emotions, from ap- with a pot-bellied stove there and a Clark—I happen to believe this strong prehension to anger. After being greet- schoolteacher named Harvey Beam. He signal will ensure that we have a better ed by rounds of loud applause, the was a giant of a man, but I suspect he chance of getting it through the United President of the United States ad- wasn’t quite as big as I thought he was Nations. dressed the Joint Session of Congress. at the time. That is what General McInerney said Here is a quote from that speech. You I remember studying American his- at the same time the other three gen- have to listen to this, Mr. President. tory and studying about how we won a erals said we need to decide what fate This is a long quote. This is what the war and won the freedom in this coun- the United Nations will give this great President said: try against impossible odds, and how country. The facts . . . speak for themselves. The the greatest army on the face of this Saddam Hussein is an evil man. He people of the United States have already Earth was coming over from Great butchered his own people. Everyone formed their opinion and well understand the Britain and marching toward Lex- agrees. He butchered members of his implications to the very life and safety of ington and Concord, and here we were, own family, two of his own sons-in-law. our Nation. As Commander in Chief, I have a handful of hunters and trappers with He must be stopped. He will be stopped. directed that all measures be taken for our defense. Always will we remember the char- homemade weapons. We fired that shot Each day that goes by he gets stronger. acter of the onslaught against us. No matter heard round the world. There are those who believe the Presi- how long it may take us to overcome this A speech was made that I remember dent has not made a strong enough premeditated invasion, the American people so well, in the House of Burgesses, case. They say: Where is the evidence? in their righteous might will win through to when a tall redhead stood up and said: absolute victory. I believe I interpret the Why now? Additional inspections will Sir, we are not weak, if we make a proper will of Congress and of the people when I as- work, and we do not want another use of those means which the God of nature sert that we will not only defend ourselves to Vietnam. has placed in our power. Three millions of the uttermost but will make very certain To them I ask, Are they more con- people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, that this form of treachery shall never en- cerned about a war that took place and in such a country as that which we pos- danger us again. Hostilities exist. There is sess, are invincible by any force which our over 30 years ago, or the tragic events no blinking at the fact that our people, our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we that took place on September 11? territory, and our interests are in danger. shall not fight our battles alone. There is a As I stand here today, is there more With confidence in our armed forces—with just God who presides over the destinies of likely to be another Vietnam or an- the unbounded determination of our people— nations; and who will raise up friends to we will gain the inevitable triumph—so help other September 11? fight our battles for us. The President asked a critical ques- us God. tion the other night. He said, if we The date of that speech was Decem- At that time, we fired the shot heard know Saddam has dangerous weapons ber 8, 1941. President Franklin Roo- around the world. We knew we were today, and we do, does it make any sevelt gave the speech. Pearl Harbor one nation depending on God to give us sense for the world to wait to confront and the war that followed led to the re- the strength to win a battle that now him as he grows even stronger and de- structuring of our national security historians say could not have been velops even more dangerous weapons? I structure. won. That was the sublime courage we know what the people of Oklahoma are Today, more than 1 year since 9/11, an had in this country, and now the hand more concerned about. The people of ongoing war against terror, and a pos- wringers are back. Oklahoma are well aware of what can sible conflict with Iraq, we, the Con- In 1996, we had an opportunity to end happen when evil people unleash weap- gress, have not given the American this whole thing, to get Saddam Hus- ons of terror. people a homeland security bill and sein. I suggest to you, if George W. Go back and listen to the speeches some Members of Congress want to put Bush had been President in 1996, we the President gave to the U.N. on Sep- the security of this country in the would not be here today. It is a no- tember 12 and in Cincinnati on October hands of the United Nations. brainer. It would have been done. 7. He has made his case. He has made it I repeat, did our forefathers ever be- We had the opposition, including to the United Nations, the Congress, lieve we would have to go to a multi- about 100,000 troops, well trained, and and most importantly to the people of national organization in order to de- the Kurds in the north ready to join us, the United States. The threat is real. fend America? and we implied to them that we would And with every day of delay and deceit The President of the United States do that and we would together take out the menace grows stronger. during a time of war has asked Con- Saddam Hussein. What did we do? We The current Iraqi regime will congress to give him support to show the turned our backs on them, and we tinue to use the United Nations as his world that this Nation is united. He walked away. Several thousand Kurds tool until he gets what he may be close has requested the Congress give him died as a result of that. Now they are to having—a nuclear weapon. It may the necessary flexibility to protect the back. They are willing to join us again. have been the right decision not to go homeland, to protect the Nation. Tell- I wonder about this. Why is it that so after Saddam Hussein in 1991, just like ing the President that he must first many of the people I have heard on the it may have been the right decision for bow to the will of the United Nations is floor of this Senate objecting to giving the previous administration not to go the wrong message. Here we are today, the President the recognition he needs after Osama bin Laden in the 1990s just like with the homeland security to do what he has to do, what is his when they had the opportunity to do issue, letting the hand wringers drive constitutional obligation—where were so. But is it right to go after them both the debate in a direction that has noth- they in 1998, back when we had another today? I believe it is. ing to do with the task at hand. President, President Clinton, and he The big question is does he have a We are going to have to and will give wanted to go after Saddam Hussein? nuclear weapon? The scary thing is, no the President an Iraqi resolution that They were in line, saying: That’s fine; one is able to say that he does not. does not tie his hands. The Secretary let’s go get him. Our distinguished ma- Does he have a delivery system? No- of Defense has said—and I think this is jority leader Senator DASCHLE said: body is in a position to say that he so important for us to understand Saddam Hussein must understand that the doesn’t. This Congress is going to do today, for all of us, for all Americans United States has the resolve to reverse that the right thing. This Nation is united. to understand. He said: threat by force if force is required. And I We will defend ourselves. This Congress If the worst were to happen, not one of us must say it has the will. must once again unite as we did fol- here today will be able to honestly say it was Senator BIDEN—I have the utmost re- lowing the tragic events of 9/11. a surprise. Because it will not be a surprise. spect for him. He came down to the There is another statement a Presi- Mr. President, I remember so well—I floor, and he is now saying we don’t dent made following another tragic am old enough to remember World War want to move too fast. Then he said we event in our history. Some of you may II. I was a very small child. I remember risk sending a dangerous signal to remember. The President was motored going to a country schoolhouse named other proliferators if we do not respond from the White House to the Capitol Hazel Dell. It was way out in the coun- decisively to Iraq’s intransigence. That

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00080 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.181 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10217 was 1998. What is different now? Noth- he has a greater opportunity to have joint resolutions under paragraphs (3) ing, except Saddam Hussein is strong- these. through (8) of section 8066(c) of the Depart- er. So, I look at this and I think that we ment of Defense Appropriations Act, 1985 (as Does he have the weaponry? Does he have to remember what Secretary contained in Public Law 98–473; 98 Stat. 1936– 1937), except that— have the weapons of mass destruction? Rumsfeld said when he talked about (A) references in those provisions to the Does he have a nuclear warhead? We the consequences. He said: Committee on Appropriations of the House don’t know for sure, but we don’t know The consequences of making a mistake of Representatives shall be deemed to be ref- he does not. during the days of conventional warfare erences to the Committee on International Let’s go back to the Rumsfeld Com- meant that we might lose 100, maybe 200 Relations of the House of Representatives; mission. This is 1998. The Rumsfeld lives. But the consequences of making a mis- and Commission was made up of, I don’t take now could mean hundreds of thousands (B) references in those provisions to the know, 16 or 18 of the very top military of lives. Committee on Appropriations of the Senate experts in this country. They said that I think tonight we have the Church- shall be deemed to be references to the Com- mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. U.S. intelligence was shocked by a 1990 ills and the Chamberlains. Tomorrow (2) JOINT RESOLUTION DEFINED.—For pur- Iraqi test of a long-range booster rock- we are going to have a lot more poses of paragraph (1), the term ‘‘joint reso- et, showing Iraq was involved in an ex- Churchills than Chamberlains and we lution’’ means only a joint resolution intro- tensive, undetected, covert program to are going to stop the hand wringing. It duced after the date on which the certifi- develop nuclear capability ballistic will all stop tomorrow, and we are cation of the President under subsection missiles with intercontinental range. going to give the President of the (a)(1) is received by Congress, the matter That was 1990. United States the resolution that he after the resolving clause of which is as fol- People keep saying: Oh, no, this is knows he needs in order to have the lows: ‘‘That, pursuant to section 5 of the Au- not going to happen; they don’t have full support of Congress and the Amer- thorization for the Use of Military Force Against Iraq, the Congress disapproves the this. I remember in 1998, it was August ican people behind him to do what he extension of the authorization under section 24 when our intelligence said that it knows he must do in defending Amer- 4(a) of that joint resolution for the addi- would be something like 5 to 15 years ica. tional 12-month period specified in the cer- before North Korea would have a mul- I yield the floor. I suggest the ab- tification of the President to the Congress tiple-stage rocket. That was August 24, sence of a quorum. dated ll.’’, with the blank filled in with the 1998. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The appropriate date. Seven days later, on August 31, North clerk will call the roll. f Korea fired one. We know when the The legislative clerk proceeded to MORNING BUSINESS weapons inspectors came back in 1998 call the roll. after Saddam Hussein kicked them out, Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- they came before our committee. I can imous consent that the order for the imous consent that there now be a pe- tell you exactly—I have the transcript quorum call be rescinded. riod of morning business with Senators over here—what they said. By and The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. permitted to speak for up to 5 minutes each. large, this was it. For the sake of time, CORZINE). Without objection, it is so or- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without I say in response to our question, in dered. objection, it is so ordered. 1998—this is the weapons inspectors MODIFICATION TO SUBMITTED AMENDMENT NO. who were over there: 4869 f How long would it be until Saddam Hus- Mr. REID. Mr. President, this has RELIEF FOR VICTIMS OF sein has the weapons of mass destruction ca- been cleared with the minority. SEPTEMBER 11 pability, including nuclear, and a missile Mr. President, on behalf of Senator Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, in the with intercontinental range to deliver those? BYRD, I ask unanimous consent to USA PATRIOT Act, we provided tem- The answer was he could have it in 6 modify his amendment No. 4868 to re- porary immigration relief for lawful months. That was 1998. George Tenet at move paragraph 2, and further I ask nonimmigrants who are survivors of that time said: consent to modify amendment No. 4869 the September 11 attacks. This relief I agree with that testimony. to change references to section 3(a) to ended last month, and it has proved to Unclassified intelligence told us that 4(a). be too short. A single year is not suffi- China was transferring technology of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without cient time for these families to sort chemical, biological, and nuclear weap- objection, it is so ordered. out their affairs before returning to ons and missiles to Iraq. The amendment (No. 4869), as modi- their native lands. On August 24, in the Washington fied, is as follows: Senator CORZINE has introduced leg- Times, it was revealed the intelligence At the appropriate place, insert the fol- islation to help these people, most of community warned President Bush lowing: whom are the spouses and children of that weapons of mass destruction could SEC. 5. TERMINATION OF THE AUTHORIZATION H–1B and other highly skilled tem- be on their way in a very short period FOR THE USE OF THE UNITED porary workers killed in the terrorist STATES ARMED FORCES. of time. attacks. S. 2845 would allow these fam- (a) IN GENERAL.—The authorization in sec- Just 2 weeks ago, 3 weeks ago, from tion 3(a) shall terminate 12 months after the ily members to remain in the United a satellite image, we were able to pho- date of enactment of this joint resolution, States for an additional year to deal tograph trucks, 60 trucks that were except that the President may extend, for a with the very real challenges these moving around—a biological lab that period or periods of 12 months each, such au- families face. we knew was a weapons lab. They are thorization if— They have been in mourning for a up to something. Every day something (1) the President determines and certifies year. Many have not recovered the re- has happened. The intelligence report to Congress for each such period, not later mains of their loved ones and are wait- to the administration was that Saddam that 60 days before the date of termination ing for DNA analyses of the samples of the authorization, that the extension is Hussein is preparing to use weapons of necessary for ongoing or impending military collected from the attack site. Some mass destruction. operations against Iraq under section 4(a); families have children enrolled in On September 27, Rumsfeld said there and American schools. Many of these fami- is solid evidence that Saddam Hussein (2) the Congress does not enact into law, lies are still waiting for awards from is negotiating for weapons of mass de- before the extension of the authorization, a the Victims’ Compensation Fund. struction with al-Qaida—they are nego- joint resolution disapproving the extension Some have homes that must be sold or tiating with each other, I mean. of the authorization for the additional 12- other financial matters that need to be With all these things that we know month period. settled. Many of them are participating (b) CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW PROCEDURES.— are going on today, why is it that we in support groups with other Sep- (1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of sub- are sitting around, wringing our hands? section (a)(2), a joint resolution described in tember 11 survivors groups that simply We don’t know that he doesn’t already paragraph (2) shall be considered in the Sen- do not exist in their native lands. have it, but we do know this. Every day ate and the House of Representatives in ac- Consider the case of Tessie Forsythe. that goes by, every week that goes by, cordance with the procedures applicable to Tessie’s husband Christopher worked

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 06:15 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00081 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.180 S09PT1 S10218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 for Cantor Fitzgerald. He had an H–1B REDUCING AMERICA’S moter sponsors the event with the pur- visa, which expired in April. The rest of VULNERABILITY TO ECSTASY ACT pose of distributing Ecstasy or other il- the family received H–4 visas, so their Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, in June I legal drugs. After all, a drug dealer can lawful status in the U.S. was dependent introduced S. 2633, the Reducing Amer- be arrested and prosecuted for selling on him. ica’s Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act, also one bag of drugs, and the government Christoper left behind two children known as the RAVE Act. Since that need not show that the dealer is selling Jose and Kirsten. Tessie is not time there has been a great deal of mis- day after day, or to multiple sellers. Kirsten’s mother, but she is seeking to information circulating about this leg- Likewise, the bill clarifies that a one- adopt Kirsten because Kirsten’s birth islation. I rise today to correct the time event where the promoter know- mother has had extensive mental record. Simply stated, my bill provides ingly distributes Ecstasy over the health problems and has no contact technical corrections to an existing course of an evening, for example, vio- with Kirsten. The judicial process statute, one which has been on the lates the statute the same as a crack began in the United States, and if the books for 16 years and is well estab- house which is in operation over a pe- family leaves the country now, the lished. riod of time. Second, the bill makes adoption proceeding could be jeopard- Critics of my bill have asserted that the law apply to outdoor as well as in- ized. In addition, shortly after her hus- if the legislation were to become law door venues, such as where a rogue band’s death, Tessie was mugged and ‘‘there would be no way that someone rave promoter uses a field to hold a hospitalized for 3 months with exten- could hold a concert and not be liable’’ rave for the purpose of distributing a sive injuries. and that the bill ‘‘holds the owners and controlled substance. Those are the Christopher’s remains have not been the promoters responsible for the ac- only changes the bill makes to the recovered, though DNA samples from tions of the patrons.’’ That is simply crack house statute. It does not give Kirsten have been submitted and are untrue. We know that there will al- the Federal Government sweeping new being analyzed. Like many of the sur- ways be certain people who will bring powers as the detractors have asserted. vivors, Tessie has not yet received an drugs into musical or other events and Critics of the bill have also claimed award from the Victims’ Compensation use them without the knowledge or that it would provide a disincentive for Fund. permission of the promoter or club promoters to take steps to protect the Consider the case of Sonia Gawas. owner. This is not the type of activity Her husband Ganesh Ladkat was also public health of their patrons including that my bill would address. The pur- employed by Cantor Fitzgerald. The providing water or air-conditioned pose of my legislation is not to pros- couple had been married just 9 months rooms, making sure that there is an ecute legitimate law-abiding managers when the terrorist attacks killed ambulance on the premises, et cetera. of stadiums, arenas, performing arts Ganesh. Sonia suffers from a condition That is not my intention. And to un- centers, licensed beverage facilities, know as ‘‘delayed grief,’’ where the derscore that fact, I plan to remove the and other venues because of incidental death of a loved one is not accepted findings which is the only place in the drug use at their events. In fact, when until long after the event took place. bill where these items are mentioned, crafting this legislation, I took steps to In this case, without any remains or from the bill. Certainly there are le- ensure that it did not capture such proof that here husband was dead, gitimate reasons for selling water, hav- cases. My bill would help in the pros- Sonia’s grieving period did not begin ing a room where people can cool down ecution of rogue promoters who not until it became clear to her that after dancing, or having an ambulance only know that there is drug use at Ganesh was in fact a victim of the at- on hand. Clearly, the presence of any of their event but also hold the event for tack. Acceptance of his death plunged these things is not enough to signify the purpose of illegal drug use or dis- Sonia into a severe depression. that an event is ‘‘for the purpose of’’ tribution. That is quite a high bar. The catastrophic nature of the ter- drug use. I am confident that the over- rorist attacks had made the recovery The reason that I introduced the whelming majority of promoters are process far more difficult. Sonia is re- RAVE Act was not to ban dancing, kill decent, law-abiding people who are ceiving counseling and attends support the ‘‘RAVE scene’’ or silence electronic going to discourage drug use, or any groups that are not available in her na- music, all things of which I have been other illegal activity, at their venues. tive country. This unusually long accused. Although this legislation grew But there are a few promoters out grieving period has taken a toll on out of testimony I heard at a number there who are taking steps to profit Sonia’s ability to make arrangements of hearings about the problems identi- from drug activity at their events. for her return. She is still waiting to fied at raves, the criminal and civil Some of these folks actually distribute receive compensation from the Vic- penalties in the bill would also apply to tims’ Fund. drugs themselves or have their staff people who promoted any type of event These brave families should not have distribute drugs, get kickbacks from for the purpose of drug use or distribu- to face the specter of deportation while drug sales at their events, have thinly tion. If rave promoters and sponsors still in the process of grieving for their veiled drug messages on their pro- operate such events as they are so loved ones and settling their affairs. motional flyers, tell their security to often advertised, as places for people to An additional year will provide an op- ignore drug use or sales, or send pa- come dance in a safe, drug-free envi- portunity to attend to their affairs and tients who need medical attention be- ronment, then they have nothing to undertake the sad task of dismantling cause of a drug overdose to a hospital fear from this law. In no way is this their lives in the United States. We across town so people won’t link emer- bill aimed at stifling any type of music need to help these deserving families gency room visits with their club. or expression—it is only trying to deter by enacting this legislation as soon as What they are doing is illegal under illicit drug use and protect kids. possible, so that these families will not current law. My bill would not change I appreciate the opportunity to cor- face deportation. that fact. Let me be clear. Neither cur- rect the record about what my legisla- rent law nor my bill seeks to punish a f tion does and does not do. I hope that promoter for the behavior of their pa- HOLD TO NOMINATION OF GROVER all of my colleagues will join me in trons. As I mentioned, the underlying supporting this bill. J. REES crack house statute has been on the Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I books since 1986, and I am unaware of f would like to inform my colleagues this statute ever being used to pros- that I have requested to be notified of ecute a legitimate business. LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ACT any unanimous consent agreement be- The RAVE Act simply amends the OF 2001 fore the Senate proceeds to the consid- current crack house statute in two Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. President, eration of the nomination of Grover J. minor ways. First, it clarifies that I rise today to speak about hate crimes Rees to be Ambassador to the Demo- Congress intended for the law to apply legislation I introduced with Senator cratic Republic of East Timor. I need not just to ongoing drug distribution KENNEDY in March of last year. The further time to examine the qualifica- operations, but to single-event activi- Local Law Enforcement Act of 2001 tions of this nominee. ties, such as a party where the pro- would add new categories to current

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00082 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.097 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10219 hate crimes legislation sending a sig- Commissioner of the Food and Drug environment that values innovations nal that violence of any kind is unac- Administration. to improve patient care and consumer ceptable in our society. Mark McClellan is an excellent safety, while at the same time safe- I would like to describe a terrible choice to lead the FDA. He is a tal- guarding the public health. But this crime that occurred August 8, 2000 in ented academician and economist who must be done without contributing un- Providence, RI. Two young gay men has helped challenge conventional necessarily to overall rising health were severely beaten by two strangers. thinking about important health pol- care costs or allowing basic medical The assailants drove by the young icy matters through groundbreaking treatments to be forgotten. We pres- men, shouting vulgarities and anti-gay research. He is a gifted health policy ently face just this situation with our slurs. After making two passes, the analyst who has worked to improve the Nation’s vaccine supply. Currently, perpetrators got out of the car, shouted Nation’s health care system for all only four manufacturers produce vac- more anti-gay slurs, and proceeded to Americans. Perhaps most importantly, cines and they face the multiple chal- punch and kick the victims in the head he is also a physician who has cared for lenges of a growing litigation crisis and and body. The attackers fled after wit- patients and knows first hand that changes in the FDA’s regulatory over- nesses called for help. there are few greater callings than sight. While most of the recent child- I believe that Government’s first helping to heal one’s fellow man. hood vaccine shortages have been alle- duty is to defend its citizens, to defend Mark McClellan is uniquely qualified viated, our system remains vulnerable them against the harms that come out to lead this important agency at this to future shortages if we fail to act. of hate. The Local Law Enforcement critical time. Mark has my full support, the full Enhancement Act of 2001 is now a sym- The challenges confronting the next support of the HELP Committee, and I bol that can become substance. I be- Commissioner of the FDA are great, believe the full support of the Senate. lieve that by passing this legislation perhaps greater than at any other time It is in not only in our best interest to and changing current law, we can in our Nation’s recent history. see that his nomination is acted on change hearts and minds as well. Of course, the FDA has an important, quickly, but it is in the best interest of f ongoing role to play in ensuring the the entire Nation for the Senate to safety and efficacy of drugs, biologics, confirm him as the next Commissioner A HOLD ON EXTENDING CHAPTER food, cosmetics, blood products, and de- of the Food and Drug Administration. 12 BANKRUPTCY vices, goods and products accounting We cannot wait or allow the nomina- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I for nearly one-quarter of all consumer tion to be delayed. spending in the United States. But the would like to inform my colleagues f that I have requested to be notified of FDA Commissioner must be more than any unanimous consent agreement be- simply the head of a large, regulatory THE ACCOUNTABILITY OF TAX fore the Senate proceeds to the consid- Government agency. He must also pro- DOLLARS ACT OF 2002 eration of H.R. 5472 or any other legis- vide strong leadership on a broad range Mr. FITZGERALD. Mr. President, I lation extending chapter 12 bank- of critical health policy issues that di- rise today to urge my colleagues to ruptcy. While I am a strong supporter rectly affect the lives and well-being of support S. 2644, the Accountability of of chapter 12—in fact I was the author every American. Tax Dollars Act, which was approved of chapter 12—I believe that these I would like to highlight some of the today by unanimous vote by the Gov- changes should be enacted as part of issues on which it is critical that the ernmental Affairs Committee. Earlier the comprehensive bankruptcy reform FDA Commissioner provide leadership this week, the House of Representa- conference report, which includes pro- at this time. The most significant issue tives approved by voice vote the com- visions making permanent chapter 12 we have faced over the past year is ter- panion measure, H.R. 468, sponsored by and extending other important family rorism. On September 11 we endured Congressman TOOMEY of Pennsylvania. farmer protections in bankruptcy. the most horrendous attack on Amer- I thank Chairman, LIEBERMAN and Chapter 12 will be in effect until the ican soil since Pearl Harbor. This Ranking Member THOMPSON for their end of this year, and I expect that the week, we mark the 1-year anniversary support of this legislation, and Con- comprehensive bankruptcy reform con- of the worst attack of biological ter- gressman TOOMEY for his leadership in ference report will be passed by the rorism in this country. We cannot the House on this significant issue. House and Senate by then. Con- know when, where, or in what form the This important legislation will in- sequently, an extension is not nec- next attack will happen, but we must crease the effectiveness of the Chief fi- essary at this time. So I urge my col- be prepared. This includes speeding the nancial Officers’ Act by expanding to leagues in the House and Senate to review and approval of rapid assays, all executive agencies the requirement pass the comprehensive bankruptcy re- vaccines, and other necessary bioter- that Federal agencies conduct inde- form conference report as soon as pos- rorism countermeasures. Numerous pendent financial audits. This bill will sible to extend these protections to our scientists and research facilities are also subject agencies audited records to family farmers. working to meet the call of the Presi- review by Congress and the administra- f dent and Congress to protect our home- tion. land from outside threats. The FDA As my colleagues well know, fiscal NOMINATION OF DR. MARK must help fashion an environment in mismanagement by Federal agencies MCCLELLAN which these discussions are encouraged costs taxpayers billions of dollars each Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, just a few and translated to medical practice. year. The total amount of taxpayer moments ago, I joined my colleagues At the same time, we cannot ignore losses is probably much greater than on the Health, Education, Labor, and naturally emerging threats to the safe- we know, however, because many agen- Pensions Committee in unanimously ty and sustainability of our blood, tis- cies do not subject their budget reviews approving the nomination of Mark sue and organ supply. Last week, it was to the scrutiny of outside accountants. McClellan to be Commissioner of the reported that 40 people were exposed to By requiring independent audits of all Food and Drug Administration. I rise hepatitis C from a single organ and tis- executive agencies, this bill will help now to strongly urge the Senate to im- sue donor and salmonella was trans- make our Government more account- mediately act on the nomination. mitted through blood transfusions. able to the taxpayers. The agencies Dr. McClellan is not a stranger to the This is in addition to the growing body covered by this bill have a combined Senate. During his service on the Coun- of knowledge we are amassing on West annual budget of tens of billions of dol- cil of Economic Advisors, many of us Nile virus. Considered together with lars—budgets that represent taxpayer have benefitted from his expertise, the existing shortage of blood, tissue dollars that should be accounted for clear-headed analysis, and sound advice and organ donors, the need to speed the more rigorously. concerning health policy matters. Dr. development of new screening and puri- I was dismayed to learn that under McClellan has served the President fication products is clearly illustrated. current law, only the 24 largest depart- well and I know that he will continue Finally, I would like to highlight the ments and agencies—and a few others to serve the Nation well as the next importance of promoting a regulatory specified by Congress—are required to

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00083 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.072 S09PT1 S10220 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 submit their books to outside auditors. tion of Ms. Maura Harty to be Director the Sedge shaped a course for the Coast The Accountability of Tax Dollars Act of the Office of Consular Affairs within Guard Yard in Curtis Bay, MD, for of 2002 would require all executive the Department of State. Ms. Harty major renovation. She came out of the agencies to prepare audited financial was voted out of the Committee on yard with a new lease on life—updated statements and subject those state- Foreign Relations today by voice vote. propulsion machinery, a new hydraulic ments to an independent audit. My reason for placing a hold on this buoy handling system, a bow thruster I was especially surprised to learn nomination is to hear from Ms. Harty and improved quarters. that current Federal law does not re- regarding a number of controversial After about a year of work, the Sedge quire the Securities and Exchange cases that were under her jurisdiction was recommissioned and departed for Commission—the entity with which as an employee of the Office of Con- yet another new homeport: Homer, AK. publicly held companies are required to sular Affairs. She arrived in Homer on November 8, file their audited financial state- First, I am seeking to know more 1974. ments—to subject its own books to the about cases of international child ab- The Sedge’s primary duty is to main- scrutiny of outside auditors. Other ductions, which have left many parents tain aids to navigation that make mar- Government agencies, including the frustrated with our Government. Many itime travel possible and safe. For the Federal Trade Commission, the Con- parents do not believe that Ms. Harty, last 28 years, she has maintained 73 sumer Product Safety Administration, in her capacity as the Managing Direc- shore aids and 19 buoys in and around the Federal Election Commission, the tor of the Office of Overseas Citizens Alaska’s Cook Inlet, and she has done National Endowments for the Arts and Services, vigorously pursued the inter- it well. But throughout her history she Humanities, the National Labor Rela- est of American abducted children. has also done her duty on other mat- tions Board, and the Federal Commu- Second, I wish to convey my con- ters: national defense, search and res- nications Commission—agencies that cerns about personal appearance waiv- cue, maritime law enforcement, and spend billions of taxpayer dollars every er programs, such as Visa Express. I environmental protection. year—have also been exempt from this am seeking assurance from the nomi- In the early 1950s, radar stations in legal requirement. nee that visa issuing procedures will be the Arctic—the DEW Line—needed reg- I, along with many of my colleagues, improved, and future recommendations ular servicing and supplies. Convoys have been very critical of the alleged from the inspector general will be seri- would meet in Nome, AK, for the voy- accounting abuses by some of this Na- ously considered by the Office of Con- age, and the Sedge was there. This in- tion’s largest corporations that have sular Affairs. cluded the year she was locked in the recently been brought to light. Par- Finally, I intend to question the ice pack for 3 days, and the year she ticularly in light of these recent rev- nominee on allegations that she fired was called on to rescue an LST that elations, it is incumbent on Congress an employee for blowing the whistle on was in severe danger in an Arctic to ensure that the Federal Govern- a Foreign Service national who com- storm. ment, at the very least, meets the mitted visa fraud. I have been a long- n 1962, she rescued six people who had same standards that we set for the pri- time champion for protecting the been adrift in a life raft for 5 days. vate sector. rights of those who shed light on the After the gigantic Alaska earthquake It is my hope that subjecting Federal problems in our Government, so I take of 1964, the Sedge helped evacuate peo- agencies to congressional and execu- these allegations very seriously and ple from stricken towns and villages in tive oversight will provide an incentive look forward to hearing from Ms. Prince William Sound. She braved for agencies to improve their financial Harty regarding this matter. many difficulties including the unpre- performance or risk possible elimi- f dictable seas and tides after the earth- nation. Independent audit opinions quake, including one unheard of minus should contribute to increased Govern- DECOMMISSIONING OF THE U.S. 30-foot tide that put her hard aground ment efficiency by providing informa- COAST GUARD CUTTER ‘‘SEDGE’’ in Prince William Sound. tion that can be used to strengthen in- Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I In 1989, she was back in the Prince tegral accountability, better monitor rise today to commemorate the distin- William Sound for another disaster. assets and liabilities, enhance cost con- guished history of the U.S. Coast She was the first Coast Guard cutter to trols, identify inefficiencies and weak- Guard Cutter Sedge which will be de- respond to the Exxon Valdez oilspill. nesses, and curb Government waste. commissioned November 15, 2002, after The Sedge helped skim 4,000 barrels of S. 2644, the Accountability of Tax oil off the water soon after the inci- Dollars Act of 2002, would extend the serving 50 years in Alaskan waters, and dent. Afterwards, the crew of the Sedge Chief Financial Officers’ Act require- to honor the many men and women ments currently imposed on the major who have served aboard her. constructed a lighted tower on Bligh The Sedge, a 180-foot seagoing buoy agencies to all executive branch agen- Reef, the shoal on which the Exxon cies. tender with a complement of 7 officers Valdez ran aground. The act gives the Office of Manage- and 54 enlisted personnel, was the 35th The history of the Sedge contains too ment and Budget the authority to of the original 39 buoy tenders built for many such stories of lives saved and waive the audit requirement for small- the U.S. Coast Guard. Commissioned lives touched to relate them all. Suf- er agencies that have annual budgets of on July 5, 1944, the Sedge began her fice it to say that the men and women less than $25 million. In order to allow long service with an assignment in Ha- who have served on board the Sedge agencies some additional time to meet waii. Shortly after arriving in her new have earned the many accolades and this new standard of accountability, home port of Honolulu, she was called honors they have received, including the bill allows the OMB Director dis- into service to support wartime oper- the Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Com- cretion during the first 2 years of the ations. She served in the Pacific the- mendation, the World War II Victory act’s implementation to waive the ap- ater from 1944 to 1945, tending naviga- Medal, the Navy Occupation Service plication of the new requirements to tion aids in Guam, Okinawa, Anguar, Medal, the Coast Guard Special Oper- any agency. Midway, Pearl Harbor, and Shanghai. ations Service Ribbon, the Department This bill has bipartisan support as On February 26, 1947, the Sedge was of Transportation Outstanding Unit well as the support of the Government decommissioned and mothballed. But Award, the Coast Guard Unit Com- Accounting Office and the administra- the old girl’s life was not over. She was mendation, the Coast Guard ‘‘E’’ Rib- tion. recommissioned in Seattle, Wash- bon, the Coast Guard Bicentennial Unit Again, I urge my colleagues to sup- ington on April 14, 1950, with orders Commendation, the National Defense port this important good Government making Boston, MA, her new home- Service Medal, the Coast Guard Arctic legislation. port. However, on May 1, new orders Service Medal, and the Humanitarian f sent the Sedge to Kodiak, AK, instead. Service Medal. After 7 years of service in Kodiak, The Sedge will work her last aid to NOMINATION OF MAURA HARTY the Sedge was transferred to Cordova, navigation on November 5, 2002, before Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I rise AK on July 15, 1957, serving there for her scheduled decommissioning on No- today to place a hold on the nomina- almost 16 years. In the Spring of 1973, vember 15, 2002. She will be replaced

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 06:15 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00084 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.104 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10221 next summer by the USCGC Hickory, a to entertainment after his father trad- secret.’’ In his essay, Kevin provides brand-new seagoing buoy tender, but ed a shotgun for a guitar. his readers with a very real and very she will not be forgotten. Sheb’s first encounter with the music frightening scenario. The story de- I am proud to commemorate the de- industry occurred in Nashville in 1945 scribes a scenario in which someone is commissioning of this great ship, the when he signed a deal with the Bullet feeling down and confides in a friend Sedge, and to honor the distinguished record label and WSM. He then ven- that he plans to commit suicide. Kevin achievements of the officers and en- tured west to Fort Worth, TX, for a offers two possible endings to his essay. listed personnel who have served our regular radio spot. While in Texas, In the first instance, the friend reports Nation so well. upon the advice of a friend at WSM, the suicide plan to the police, who in- f Sheb decided to try his luck as an tervene and save the boy’s life. In the actor in California. Soon after his ar- other scenario, no one intervenes, the ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS rival in Hollywood, Sheb appeared in boy kills himself and his friend is left several western films and worked with with an enormous amount of guilt and ON THE WORK OF ANNE AND KIRK such film heroes as Errol Flynn and regret. DOUGLAS, HONOREES, TREE-PEO- John Wayne. His most notable film was Mr. President, Kevin Dillon, a sopho- PLE’S EVENING UNDER THE ‘‘High Noon’’ in which he played an more at St. Xavier High School, de- HARVEST MOON EVENT outlaw gang leader opposite the town serves to be applauded for tackling sheriff, Gary Cooper. During his movie such a difficult and important issue in ∑ Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I would career he appeared in several more such an elegant and stylistic manner. like to take this moment to reflect on films including ‘‘The War Wagon,’’ His story depicts the ideal situation the exceptional work of Anne and Kirk ‘‘Outlaw Josie Wales,’’ ‘‘Rio Bravo,’’ when keeping a secret becomes a detri- Douglas, who will be honored by ‘‘Seven Brides for Seven Brothers,’’ and mental and dangerous act for all par- TreePeople on October 19 for their ex- ‘‘Hoosiers.’’ ties involved. Once again, I congratu- traordinary commitment to children. In 1958, Sheb was cast in the role of late Kevin Dillon for this distinction In 1997, Anne and Kirk Douglas estab- Pete Nolan on the popular television and urge him to continue to take on lished the Anne and Kirk Douglas series ‘‘Rawhide,’’ and later made the tough issues this Nation faces Playground Award to improve Los An- many television appearances including today.∑ geles school campuses. Collaborating the ‘‘Ed Sullivan Show,’’ ‘‘Lone Rang- with TreePeople’s Campus Forestry er,’’ ‘‘American Bandstand,’’ ‘‘Hee f Program, community members and or- Haw,’’ and ‘‘Murder She Wrote,’’ writ- ganizations, Anne and Kirk have ing several scripts along the way. helped fund new playground equip- IN RECOGNITION OF MR. ALBERT While Sheb was enjoying his time on JOHNSON ment, tree planting, outdoor class- the screen, he was also working on ∑ rooms, and other worthy projects writing country music. After several Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, I throughout Los Angeles County. attempts, Sheb landed a smash hit rise to recognize the ongoing efforts of Improving schools is a wonderful with ‘‘Purple People Eater.’’ In 1959 my friend and fellow Tennessean, Mr. community service. Because of Anne this tune climbed the pop charts and Albert Wm. Johnson of Nashville. Mr. and Kirk’s work, many children can eventually became one of MGM’s most Johnson is chairman and CEO of Dob- play on safe equipment, enjoy the successful singles of all time. son & Johnson Financial, a leading na- beauty and shade trees provide, and ad- And then there was Ben Colder, the tional mortgage banking advisory firm mire the natural environment. Anne drunken persona that Sheb created and since its founding in 1955. and Kirk have every reason to be proud ultimately played as a cast member on Let me say that Albert Johnson con- of their dedication to improving the the television series, ‘‘Hee Haw.’’ tinues to enjoy a remarkable life. Upon lives of countless children. Under the guise of Colder, Sheb per- graduation from college, he entered the The Anne and Kirk Douglas Play- formed many hit parodies of the coun- military service as an aviation cadet ground Award not only makes schools try music artists of the 1960s, including en route to a distinguished military ca- better, but also strengthens the bond ‘‘Don’t Go Near the Eskimos.’’ In 1969, reer. Mr. Johnson flew 49 missions among community members. Parents, Sheb wrote and recorded the theme against German bombing targets in students, school staff and local busi- song for ‘‘Hee Haw.’’ WW II before being shot down in Aus- nesses work together for the better- The career of Sheb Wooley has been tria and becoming a prisoner of war, ment of the community. This is truly a as colorful as the characters he has POW, until the end of the conflict. Dur- win-win situation for all involved. played on and off the screen. He has ing his World War II service, Al John- I am proud to extend my sincere con- won many accolades over the years, inson accumulated numerous decora- gratulations to Anne and Kirk on this cluding the Western Heritage Award tions, citations, and commendations, special honor from TreePeople, and for 9 consecutive years and Songwriter including the Distinguished Flying wish them much continued success.∑ of the Year in 1992. He never strayed Cross, DFC, with two Oak Leaf Clus- f far from his roots and always knew ters. After the war, Mr. Johnson was a senior instructor assigned to assist the IN RECOGNITION OF SHEB WOOLEY how to rope in an audience. I wish him well and pray that his health returns Tennessee Air National Guard until re- ∑ Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, to him soon.∑ turning to Europe to again serve with today I rise to honor and recognize a notable commendation on the NATO f fine American treasure. This talented staff responsible for planning Ger- individual has enjoyed a remarkable CONGRATULATIONS TO KEVIN many’s integration into NATO. career in the entertainment industry DILLON Upon leaving active military service, spanning from the hills of Hollywood ∑ Mr. BUNNING. Mr. President, I rise Albert Johnson returned to Nashville to the recording labels of Nashville. today to congratulate Kevin Dillon of and cofounded Dobson & Johnson, This gentleman’s name is Mr. Sheb Prospect, KY, for winning the top thereby embarking on a brilliant busi- Wooley. Mr. Wooley is currently in honor in a recently held national essay ness career that has featured the hold- poor health and I would like to take competition sponsored by the Amer- ing of billions of dollars in residential this opportunity to wish him well and ican Psychiatric Association. This mortgage loans in trust for State mu- reflect upon his many accomplish- competition was judged by Members of tual saving banks, insurance compa- ments. Congress, authors, and national health nies, pension funds, and private inves- Sheb Wooley is a genuine American reporters. tors. His remarkable leadership in the cowboy who throughout his early years The American Psychiatric Associa- mortgage banking and real estate in- earned a living on the rodeo circuit. tion accepted up to five essays from dustry has received well-deserved na- Born in Erick, OK, in 1921, Sheb, who each State; 14 States participated in tional acclaim and his firm has been grew up facing the harsh realities of this year’s competition. This year’s recognized as one of the largest private the Dust Bowl during the 1930s, turned essay topic was ‘‘When not to keep a business enterprises in Nashville.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 06:15 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00085 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.164 S09PT1 S10222 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 In 1994, for his ‘‘commitment to free tively, and humanely guaranteed. I, for H.R. 5427. An act to designate the Federal enterprise, limited government, tradi- one, am grateful to the American Hu- building located at Fifth and Richardson tional American values and strong Na- mane Association for the work that Avenues in Roswell, New Mexico, as the ‘‘Joe tional Defense,’’ Albert Johnson re- they do, and have done, and wish them Skeen Federal Building’’. ceived the Medal of Freedom from the another 125 years of success.∑ f National Republican Senatorial Cam- f REPORTS OF COMMITTEES paign Committee thereby joining the REPORT ENTITLED ‘‘CONTINUED The following reports of committees ranks of other distinguished recipients PRODUCTION OF THE NAVAL PE- were submitted: of that award, including former Presi- TROLEUM RESERVES BEYOND By Mr. KERRY, from the Committee on dent Ronald Reagan, former British APRIL 5, 2003’’—PM 115 Small Business and Entrepreneurship, with- Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and out amendment: Retired General Norman Schwarzkopf. The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be- H.R. 2666: A bill to amend the Small Busi- Recently, I have been advised that fore the Senate the following message ness Act to direct the Administrator of the Mr. Johnson has embarked on a new from the President of the United Small Business Administration to establish undertaking that features a joint ven- States, together with an accompanying a vocational and technical entrepreneurship ture whose mission is to build 20,000 report; which was referred to the Com- development program. (Rept. No. 107–307). private homes in Kabul, Afghanistan, mittee on Armed Services: By Mr. KERRY, from the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, with using imported capital, local Afghani- To the Congress of the United States: an amendment: stan labor and materials, and fully In accordance with section 201(3) of S. 2483: A bill to amend the Small Business funded mortgage loans with no down the Naval Petroleum Reserves Produc- Act to direct the Administrator of the Small payment and long-term rates to assist tion Act of 1976 (10 U.S.C. 7422(c)(2)), I Business Administration to establish a pilot that country in developing their infra- am informing you of my decision to ex- program to provide regulatory compliance structure. This sounds like a daunting tend the period of production of the assistance to small business concerns, and task. Nevertheless, Albert Johnson of Naval Petroleum Reserves for a period for other purposes. (Rept. No. 107–308). Nashville has a track record to suggest of 3 years from April 5, 2003, the expira- f he is the right man for the job. tion date of the currently authorized EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF There is very little that Mr. Johnson, period of production. COMMITTEES an embodiment of American values, Enclosed is a copy of the report in- The following executive reports of has not been able to achieve. To the ex- vestigating the necessity of continued committees were submitted: tent that his ongoing efforts foster sta- production of the reserves as required bility and peace in strife torn Afghani- by section 201(3)(c)(2)(B) of the Naval By Mr. LIEBERMAN for the Committee on stan, I wish him well.∑ Governmental Affairs. Petroleum Reserves Production Act of *Tony Hammond, of Virginia, to be a Com- f 1976. In light of the findings contained missioner of the Postal Rate Commission for RECOGNIZING THE AMERICAN HU- in the report, I certify that continued the remainder of the term expiring October MANE ASSOCIATION’S 125th ANNI- production from the Naval Petroleum 14, 2004. *Ruth Y. Goldway, of California, to be a VERSARY Reserves is in the national interest. GEORGE W. BUSH. Commissioner of the Postal Rate Commis- ∑ Mr. ALLARD. Mr. President, animals THE WHITE HOUSE, October 9, 2002. sion for the term expiring November 22, 2008. By Mr. KENNEDY for the Committee on and small children do not have an ade- f quate voice to speak for themselves. Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. They often cannot tell a parent or an MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE *Mark B. McClellan, of the District of Co- lumbia, to be Commissioner of Food and owner that they don’t like what they At 1:20 p.m., a message from the Drugs, Department of Health and Human are doing or let them know that they House of Representatives, delivered by Services. are unhappy or in pain. That is why or- Mr. Hays, one of its reading clerks, an- By Mr. INOUYE for the Committee on In- ganizations that aid such vulnerable nounced that the House has passed the dian Affairs. members of our society are so impor- following bills and joint resolution, in *Quanah Crossland Stamps, of Virginia, to tant. For this reason, I rise today to which it requests the concurrence of be Commissioner of the Administration for recognize the American Humane Asso- the Senate: Native Americans, Department of Health and Human Services. ciation. H.R. 3580. An act to amend the Federal *Philip N. Hogen, of South Dakota, to be Today marks the 125th anniversary Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to make im- Chairman of the National Indian Gaming of the founding of that organization. I provements in the regulation of medical de- Commission for the term of three years. could not be more proud to report that vices, and for other purposes. H.R. 5422. An act to prevent child abduc- *Nomination was reported with rec- the American Humane Association, a ommendation that it be confirmed sub- Colorado organization, has made a tion, and for other purposes. H.R. 5542. An act to consolidate all black ject to the nominee’s commitment to solid career of furthering the welfare of lung benefit responsibility under a single of- respond to requests to appear and tes- children and animals. ficial, and for other purposes. tify before any duly constituted com- The American Humane Association is H.R. 5557. An act to amend the Internal mittee of the Senate. the only organization in the country Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a special that is dedicated to the protection and rule for members of the uniformed services f support of both animals and children. and Foreign Service in determining the ex- INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND They have organized events such as Be clusion of gain from the sale of a principal JOINT RESOLUTIONS Kind to Pets Week and Tag Day, to residence and to restore the tax exempt status of death gratuity payments to members The following bills and joint resolu- educate the public about the need to of the uniformed services, and for other pur- tions were introduced, read the first treat animals humanely and the need poses. and second times by unanimous con- to be sure that pets can be easily iden- H.J. Res. 113. A joint resolution recog- sent, and referred as indicated: tified if they are lost, to the Front nizing the contributions of Patsy Takemoto By Mr. FRIST (for himself and Mr. Mink. Porch Project, a program to educate KENNEDY): the public on how to protect children The message also announced that the S. 3083. A bill to amend the Public Health in their communities from abuse. House has passed the following bill, Service Act to extend the Advisory Council American Humane also works to edu- with an amendment: on Graduate Medical Education; to the Com- mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and cate the public about the link between S. 2690. An act to reaffirm the reference to Pensions. violence to people and violence to ani- one Nation under God in the Pledge of Alle- By Mr. FRIST: mals. giance. For 125 years, the American Humane S. 3084. A bill to provide for the conduct of f a study concerning health services research; Association has worked, through pro- MEASURE READ THE FIRST TIME to the Committee on Health, Education, grams such as these and others, to as- Labor, and Pensions. sure that the interest and well-being of The following bill was read the first By Mr. LEVIN (for himself and Ms. children and animals are fully, effec- time: STABENOW):

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 06:15 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00086 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.073 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10223 S. 3085. A bill to provide for expansion of kota (Mr. JOHNSON) was added as a cosponsor of S. 3032, a bill to amend the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore; to sponsor of S. 1966, a bill to educate Microenterprise for Self-Reliance Act the Committee on Energy and Natural Re- health professionals concerning sub- of 2000 and the Foreign Assistance Act sources. stance abuse and addiction. of 1961 to increase assistance for the By Mrs. LINCOLN (for herself and Mr. BINGAMAN): S. 2122 poorest people in developing countries S. 3086. A bill to amend title XVIII of the At the request of Mrs. CARNAHAN, the under microenterprise assistance pro- Social Security Act to provide coverage name of the Senator from Massachu- grams under those Acts, and for other under the medicare program for diabetes lab- setts (Mr. KENNEDY) was added as a co- purposes. oratory diagnostic tests and other services sponsor of S. 2122, a bill to provide for S. 3054 to screen for diabetes; to the Committee on Finance. an increase in funding for research on At the request of Mr. LIEBERMAN, the By Mr. JOHNSON (for himself and Mr. uterine fibroids through the National name of the Senator from Maryland DASCHLE): Institutes of Health, and to provide for (Ms. MIKULSKI) was added as a cospon- S. 3087. A bill to make adjustments to the a program to provide information and sor of S. 3054, a bill to provide for full method of determining eligibility for impact education to the public on such voting representation in Congress for aid funds for heavily impacted local edu- fibroids. the citizens of the District of Colum- cational agencies, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, S. 2821 bia, and for other purposes. and Pensions. At the request of Mr. FRIST, the S. 3070 By Ms. LANDRIEU: name of the Senator from Vermont At the request of Mr. AKAKA, the S. 3088. A bill to provide pay protection for (Mr. LEAHY) was added as a cosponsor name of the Senator from Vermont members of the Reserve and the National of S. 2821, a bill to establish grants to (Mr. LEAHY) was added as a cosponsor Guard, and for other purposes; to the Com- provide health services for improved of S. 3070, a bill to authorize appropria- mittee on Governmental Affairs. nutrition, increased physical activity, tions for the Merit Systems Protection f obesity prevention, and for other pur- Board and the Office of Special Coun- SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND poses. sel, and for other purposes. SENATE RESOLUTIONS S. 2903 S. 3081 The following concurrent resolutions At the request of Mr. JOHNSON, the At the request of Mr. JOHNSON, the and Senate resolutions were read, and names of the Senator from Maine (Ms. name of the Senator from Montana referred (or acted upon), as indicated: COLLINS) and the Senator from Iowa (Mr. BAUCUS) was added as a cosponsor By Mr. BYRD (for himself and Mr. STE- (Mr. HARKIN) were added as cosponsors of S. 3081, a bill to amend the Internal VENS): of S. 2903, a bill to amend title 38, Revenue Code of 1986 to suspend the S. Res. 337. A resolution authorizing the United States Code, to provide for a tax-exempt status of designated ter- printing with illustrations of a document en- guaranteed adequate level of funding rorist organizations, and for other pur- titled ‘‘Committee on Appropriations, United for veterans health care. poses. States Senate, 135th Anniversary, 1867–2002’’; considered and agreed to. S. 2922 S.J. RES. 46 By Mr. HUTCHINSON: At the request of Ms. LANDRIEU, the At the request of Mr. LIEBERMAN, the S. Con. Res. 151. A concurrent resolution names of the Senator from Pennsyl- name of the Senator from Louisiana expressing the sense of Congress that the vania (Mr. SPECTER), the Senator from (Mr. BREAUX) was added as a cosponsor Federal Government and the States should New Hampshire (Mr. SMITH), and the of S.J. Res. 46, a joint resolution to au- make it a priority to ensure a stable, quality direct support workforce that provides serv- Senator from Vermont (Mr. JEFFORDS) thorize the use of United States Armed ices and supports for individuals with mental were added as cosponsors of S. 2922, a Forces against Iraq. retardation and other developmental disabil- bill to facilitate the deployment of S.J. RES. 49 ities; to the Committee on Health, Edu- wireless telecommunications networks At the request of Mr. AKAKA, the cation, Labor, and Pensions. in order to further the availability of names of the Senator from Louisiana f the Emergency Alert System, and for (Ms. LANDRIEU) and the Senator from ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS other purposes. Oregon (Mr. WYDEN) were added as co- S. 2968 sponsors of S.J. Res. 49, a joint resolu- S. 321 At the request of Mr. BUNNING, his tion recognizing the contributions of At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the name was added as a cosponsor of S. Patsy Takemoto Mink. name of the Senator from Utah (Mr. 2968, a bill to amend the American Bat- S. RES. 266 BENNETT) was added as a cosponsor of tlefield Protection Act of 1996 to au- S. 321, a bill to amend title XIX of the At the request of Mr. JEFFORDS, his thorize the Secretary of the Interior to Social Security Act to provide families name was added as a cosponsor of S. establish a battlefield acquisition of disabled children with the oppor- Res. 266, a resolution designating Octo- grant program. tunity to purchase coverage under the ber 10, 2002, as ‘‘Put the Brakes on Fa- medicaid program for such children, S. 3009 talities Day’’. and for other purposes. At the request of Mr. WELLSTONE, the S. RES. 307 S. 724 names of the Senator from Vermont At the request of Mr. TORRICELLI, the At the request of Mr. BOND, the (Mr. JEFFORDS) and the Senator from name of the Senator from Indiana (Mr. names of the Senator from New Mexico North Carolina (Mr. EDWARDS) were BAYH) was added as a cosponsor of S. (Mr. BINGAMAN) and the Senator from added as cosponsors of S. 3009, a bill to Res. 307, a resolution reaffirming sup- Washington (Ms. CANTWELL) were provide economic security for Amer- port of the Convention on the Preven- added as cosponsors of S. 724, a bill to ica’s workers. tion and Punishment of the Crime of amend title XXI of the Social Security S. 3018 Genocide and anticipating the com- Act to provide for coverage of preg- At the request of Mr. BAUCUS, the memoration of the 15th anniversary of nancy-related assistance for targeted names of the Senator from Massachu- the enactment of the Genocide Conven- low-income pregnant women. setts (Mr. KENNEDY) and the Senator tion Implementation Act of 1987 (the S. 913 from Michigan (Ms. STABENOW) were Proxmire Act) on November 4, 2003. At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the added as cosponsors of S. 3018, a bill to S. CON. RES. 3 name of the Senator from Nebraska amend title XVIII of the Social Secu- At the request of Mr. FEINGOLD, the (Mr. NELSON) was added as a cosponsor rity Act to enhance beneficiary access name of the Senator from California of S. 913, a bill to amend title XVIII of to quality health care services under (Mrs. BOXER) was added as a cosponsor the Social Security Act to provide for the medicare program, and for other of S. Con. Res. 3, a concurrent resolu- coverage under the medicare program purposes. tion expressing the sense of Congress of all oral anticancer drugs. S. 3032 that a commemorative postage stamp S. 1966 At the request of Mr. SARBANES, the should be issued in honor of the U.S.S. At the request of Mr. BIDEN, the name of the Senator from California Wisconsin and all those who served name of the Senator from South Da- (Mrs. FEINSTEIN) was added as a co- aboard her.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 06:15 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00087 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.056 S09PT1 S10224 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 S. CON. RES. 138 Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I rise of this disease, diabetes is the Nation’s At the request of Mr. REID, the today to introduce legislation to au- sixth leading cause of death. names of the Senator from North Da- thorize an Institute of Medicine study My own home State of Arkansas has kota (Mr. DORGAN) and the Senator to examine the field of health services had first-hand experience with the ris- from Hawaii (Mr. AKAKA) were added as research. The health services research ing diabetes rates. Arkansas ranks cosponsors of S. Con. Res. 138, a con- is the primary source of information fifth in the Nation for diabetes inci- current resolution expressing the sense for policy makers, payers, managers, dence. According to recent health sta- of Congress that the Secretary of providers and the public concerning the tistics, diabetes is the seventh leading Health and Human Services should organization, financing and perform- cause of death for Arkansans. Recent conduct or support research on certain ance of the American health care sys- studies show that 6.5 percent of all Ar- tests to screen for ovarian cancer, and tem. the Agency for Healthcare Re- kansas adults have diagnosed diabetes, Federal health care programs and search and Quality, AHRQ, is the lead and over 1 million Arkansans are at group and individual health plans Federal agency in this effort. However, risk for undiagnosed diabetes. should cover the tests if demonstrated many other federal partners, most in- These rising rates are especially evi- to be effective, and for other purposes. stitutes at the National Institutes of dent among our aging population. Cur- rently almost 7 million Americans age S. CON. RES. 148 Health, the Centers for Disease Control 65 and older, or 20 percent of seniors, At the request of Mr. BROWNBACK, the and Prevention, the Health Resources have diabetes. Roughly 20 percent of names of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. and Services Administration, the Cen- seniors age 65 and older have a newly ROBERTS), the Senator from North Da- ters for Medicare & Medicaid Services, identified condition called pre-diabe- kota (Mr. DORGAN), the Senator from the Department of Veterans Affairs tes. If left untreated, pre-diabetes will California (Mrs. FEINSTEIN), the Sen- and the Department of Defense, fund develop into diabetes. An additional ator from Missouri (Mr. BOND), and the and use health services research exten- 40,000 people living with diabetes and Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. INHOFE) sively to advance their mission. The end-stage renal disease under the age were added as cosponsors of S. Con. American health care system is facing of 65 participate in the Medicare pro- significant problems with rapidly ris- Res. 148, a concurrent resolution recog- gram. ing costs, a staggering number of unin- nizing the significance of bread in Even more distressing is the fact American history, culture, and daily sured, racial and ethic disparities, and that approximately one third of the 7 diet. a compelling need for safer, higher million seniors with diabetes, or 2.3 f quality care. In the post-September 11 million people, are undiagnosed. They environment, we add the need to assure simply do not know that they have this STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED adequate public health systems and BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS very serious condition—a condition emergency response capacity in hos- whose complications include heart dis- By Mr. FRIST (for himself and pitals. In this challenging environ- ease, stroke, vision loss and blindness, Mr. KENNEDY): ment, I am increasingly concerned that amputations, and kidney disease. S. 3083. A bill to amend the Public the information needed from research Those in the medical community and Health Service Act to extend the Advi- to address current and future problems the federal government are only too sory Council on Graduate Medical Edu- in the American health care system aware of the rising prevalence and seri- cation; to the Committee on Health, may not be available when needed. ous nature of diabetes. The Centers for Education, Labor, and Pensions. Therefore, I am introducing legislation Disease Control, National Institutes of Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I rise today that requests AHRQ to contract Health, and the Department of Health today to introduce legislation with with the Institute of Medicine for a re- and Human Services have recently Senator KENNEDY to extend the author- port on the adequacy of the organiza- joined together in a national education ization time for an advisory council for tion and financing of the field of health campaign to inform people about dia- graduate medical education. The Coun- services research for meeting the na- betes and encourage people age 45 and cil on Graduate Medical Education, tion’s future information needs. The older to get screened for diabetes. COGME, was created by Congress in report should focus on the Federal role Unfortunately, current law does not 1986 to provide an ongoing assessment in supporting health services research, allow Medicare to reimburse for diabe- of physician workforce trends, training and in particular, the role of AHRQ in tes testing, even if a patient presents a issues and financing policies, and to leading the federal effort and coordi- physician with serious risk factors for recommend appropriate Federal and nating the complementary roles of diabetes such as obesity, high blood private sector efforts to address identi- other Federal agencies, as well as the pressure, or high cholesterol. Most fied needs. The legislation calls for private foundations and corporations, shockingly, even if a patient is experi- COGME to advise and make rec- that conduct and fund health services encing early evidence of diabetes com- ommendations to the Secretary of the research. plications like blindness and kidney U.S. Department of Health and Human disease, Medicare still cannot reim- Services, the Senate Committee on By Mrs. LINCOLN (for herself burse for diabetes testing. Health, Education, Labor and Pen- and Mr. BINGAMAN): This nonsensical omission of diabetes sions, and the House of Representatives S. 3086. A bill to amend title XVIII of screening coverage is even more shock- Committee on Commerce. In 1998, when the Social Security Act to provide cov- ing in light of the fact that about 25 we re-autohrized Title 7 programs, we erage under the Medicare program for percent of the Medicare budget cur- re-authorized the Council through Sep- diabetes laboratory diagnostic tests rently is devoted to providing medical tember 30, 2002. and other services to screen for diabe- care to seniors living with diabetes. In Unfortunately, we have not been able tes; to the Committee on Finance. 1999, Arkansas spent $1.6 billion on di- to fully review all of the programs out- Mrs. LINCOLN. Mr. President, I am rect and indirect costs of diabetes. Why lined in Title 7, including COGME. To pleased to introduce the Access to Dia- would we continue to constantly react give our Committee the additional betes Screening Services Act of 2002. to the disease in this manner, instead time to review this council, I am intro- My colleague Senator BINGAMAN joins of proactively providing screening for ducing legislation today with Senator me in introducing this important legis- our Medicare beneficiaries? This KENNEDY to extend the time period for lation. This bill will provide Medicare screening can identify the disease, even its authorization until the end of fiscal coverage for laboratory diagnostic before any symptoms have appeared, year 2003. tests and other services which are used and has the potential to save and im- to screen for diabetes. prove thousands of lives. By Mr. FRIST: Diabetes has reached epidemic pro- The American Association of Clinical S. 3084. A bill to provide for the con- portions among adults in the United Endocrinologists strongly believes that duct of a study concerning health serv- States. Trend data indicate that by the patients with diabetes should be identi- ices research; to the Committee on year 2010 more than 10 percent of all fied as early as possible in their illness. Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- Americans will have diabetes. Even We have the technology to do this sions. today our Nation is feeling the effects through screening.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 06:15 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00088 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.069 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10225 I cannot overstate the need for this independent living, and economic self-suffi- available to take care of their sons and legislation. When faced with the rising ciency; daughters with mental retardation or other prevalence of diabetes, the high per- Whereas for the past 2 decades individuals developmental disabilities who are living in centage of seniors who already have with mental retardation or other develop- the community; and mental disabilities and their families have Whereas this workforce shortage is the the disease, the alarmingly high num- increasingly expressed a desire to live and most significant barrier to implementing the ber of seniors who have diabetes but do work in their communities and to join the Olmstead decision, undermines the expansion not know it yet, and the high cost asso- mainstream of American life; of community integration as called for by ciated with its treatment, it is obvious Whereas the Supreme Court, in Olmstead v. President George W. Bush’s New Freedom that Medicare should provide coverage L.C., 527 U.S. 581 (1999), affirmed the right of Initiative, and places the community sup- for diabetes screening. individuals with mental retardation or other port infrastructure at risk: Now, therefore, The American Diabetes Association developmental disabilities to receive com- be it munity-based services as an alternative to Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep- has identified Medicare screening cov- institutional care; resentatives concurring), erage as their top legislative priority, Whereas the demand for community sup- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. and I have worked closely with them to ports and services is rapidly growing, as This resolution may be cited as the ‘‘Di- craft this legislation. I urge all of my States comply with Olmstead and continue to rect Support Professional Recognition Reso- colleagues to give serious consider- move more individuals from institutions lution’’. ation to the Diabetes Screening Act of into the community; SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING SERV- 2002. Whereas the demand for community sup- ICES OF DIRECT SUPPORT PROFES- ports and services will also continue to grow SIONALS TO INDIVIDUALS WITH DE- f as family caregivers age, waiting lists grow, VELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES. individuals with mental retardation or other It is the sense of Congress that the Federal STATEMENTS ON SUBMITTED developmental disabilities live longer, and Government and the States should work to RESOLUTIONS services for such individuals expand; advance our Nation’s commitment to com- Whereas our Nation’s long-term care deliv- munity integration for individuals with men- ery system is dependent upon a disparate tal retardation or other developmental dis- SENATE RESOLUTION 337—AU- array of public and private funding sources, abilities and to advance personal security for THORIZING THE PRINTING WITH and is not a conventional industry, but rath- such individuals and their families by mak- ILLUSTRATIONS OF A DOCU- er is financed primarily through third-party ing it a priority to ensure a stable, quality MENT ENTITLED ‘‘COMMITTEE insurers; direct support workforce that provides serv- Whereas Medicaid financing of supports ices and supports for such individuals. ON APPROPRIATIONS, UNITED and services to individuals with mental re- f STATES SENATE, 135TH ANNI- tardation or other developmental disabilities VERSARY, 1867–2002’’ varies considerably from State to State, AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED & causing significant disparities across geo- Mr. BYRD (for himself and Mr. STE- PROPOSED graphic regions, among differing groups of SA 4858. Mr. LEVIN submitted an amend- VENS) submitted the following resolu- consumers, and between community and in- ment intended to be proposed by him to the tion; which was considered and agreed stitutional supports; joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, to authorize the to: Whereas aside from families, private pro- use of United States Armed Forces against viders that employ direct support profes- S. RES. 337 Iraq; which was ordered to lie on the table. Resolved, That there be printed with illus- sionals deliver the majority of supports and SA 4859. Mr. LEVIN submitted an amend- trations as a Senate document a compilation services for individuals with mental retarda- ment intended to be proposed by him to the of materials entitled ‘‘Committee on Appro- tion or other developmental disabilities in joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, supra; which the community; priations, United States Senate, 135th Anni- was ordered to lie on the table. versary, 1867–2002’’, and that there be printed Whereas direct support professionals pro- SA 4860. Mr. LEVIN submitted an amend- vide a wide range of supportive services to two thousand additional copies of such document intended to be proposed by him to the individuals with mental retardation or other ment for the use of the Committee on Appro- joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, supra; which developmental disabilities on a day-to-day priations. was ordered to lie on the table. basis, including habilitation, health care, SA 4861. Mr. LEVIN submitted an amend- personal care and hygiene, employment, ment intended to be proposed by him to the SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLU- transportation, recreation, housekeeping, joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, supra; which TION 151—EXPRESSING THE and other home management-related sup- was ordered to lie on the table. SENSE OF CONGRESS THAT THE ports and services that enable these individ- SA 4862. Mr. LEVIN (for himself, Mr. REED, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND uals to live and work in their communities; Mr. BINGAMAN, Mrs. BOXER, Ms. MIKULSKI, Whereas direct support professionals gen- THE STATES SHOULD MAKE IT A Ms. STABENOW, Mr. AKAKA, and Mr. JEF- erally assist individuals with mental retar- FORDS) submitted an amendment intended to PRIORITY TO ENSURE A STABLE, dation or other developmental disabilities to QUALITY DIRECT SUPPORT be proposed to amendment SA 4856 proposed lead a self-directed family, community, and by Mr. LIEBERMAN (for himself, Mr. WARNER, WORKFORCE THAT PROVIDE social life; Mr. BAYH, Mr. MCCAIN, Ms. LANDRIEU, Mr. SERVICES AND SUPPORTS FOR Whereas private providers and the individ- MCCONNELL, Mr. MILLER, Mr. DOMENICI, Mr. INDIVIDUALS WITH MENTAL RE- uals for whom they provide supports and EDWARDS, Mr. HUTCHINSON, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. TARDATION AND OTHER DEVEL- services are in jeopardy as a result of the ALLARD, Mr. BAUCUS, Mr. HELMS, Mr. growing crisis in recruiting and retaining a OPMENTAL DISABILITIES BUNNING, Mr. LOTT, Mr. SHELBY, Mr. THOMP- direct support workforce; SON, and Mr. NICKLES) to the joint resolution Mr. HUTCHINSON submitted the fol- Whereas providers of supports and services S.J. Res. 45, supra. lowing concurrent resolution; which to individuals with mental retardation or SA 4863. Mr. LEVIN submitted an amend- was referred to the Committee on other developmental disabilities typically ment intended to be proposed to amendment Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- draw from a labor market that competes SA 4586 submitted by Mr. SPECTER and in- sions: with other entry-level jobs that provide less tended to be proposed to the bill H.R. 5005, to physically and emotionally demanding work establish the Department of Homeland Secu- S. CON. RES. 157 as well as higher pay and other benefits, and rity, and for other purposes; which was or- Whereas there are more than 8,000,000 therefore these direct support jobs are not dered to lie on the table. Americans who have mental retardation or currently competitive in today’s labor mar- SA 4864. Mr. DURBIN submitted an amend- other developmental disabilities; ket; ment intended to be proposed to amendment Whereas individuals with developmental Whereas annual turnover rates of direct SA 4586 submitted by Mr. SPECTER and in- disabilities include those with mental retar- support workers range from 40 to 75 percent; tended to be proposed to the bill H.R. 5005, dation, autism, cerebral palsy, Down’s syn- Whereas high rates of employee vacancies supra; which was ordered to lie on the table. drome, epilepsy, and other related condi- and turnover threaten the ability of pro- SA 4865. Mr. DURBIN submitted an amend- tions; viders to achieve their core mission, which is ment intended to be proposed to amendment Whereas individuals with mental retarda- the provision of safe and high-quality sup- SA 4586 submitted by Mr. SPECTER and in- tion or other developmental disabilities have ports to individuals with mental retardation tended to be proposed to the bill H.R. 5005, a continuous need for individually planned or other developmental disabilities; supra; which was ordered to lie on the table. and coordinated services due to substantial Whereas direct support staff turnover is SA 4866. Mrs. BOXER submitted an amend- limitations on their functional capacities, emotionally difficult for the individuals ment intended to be proposed by her to the including limitations in at least 2 of the being served; joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, to authorize the areas of self-care, receptive and expressive Whereas many parents are becoming in- use of United States Armed Forces against language, learning, mobility, self-direction, creasingly afraid that there will be no one Iraq; which was ordered to lie on the table.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 06:24 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00089 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.066 S09PT1 S10226 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 SA 4867. Mrs. BOXER submitted an amend- United States to destroy, remove, or render (3) affirms that, under international law ment intended to be proposed by her to the harmless Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, and the United Nations Charter, the United joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, supra; which nuclear weapons-usable material, ballistic States has at all times the inherent right to was ordered to lie on the table. missiles with a range greater than 150 kilo- use military force in self-defense; and SA 4868. Mr. BYRD submitted an amend- meters, and related facilities, if Iraq fails to (4) will not adjourn sine die this year and ment intended to be proposed to amendment comply with the terms of the Security Coun- will return to session at any time before the SA 4856 proposed by Mr. LIEBERMAN (for him- cil resolution. next Congress convenes to consider promptly self, Mr. WARNER, Mr. BAYH, Mr. MCCAIN, Ms. (b) REQUIREMENTS.—Before the authority proposals relative to Iraq if in the judgment LANDRIEU, Mr. MCCONNELL, Mr. MILLER, Mr. granted in subsection (a) is exercised, the of the President the United Nations Security DOMENICI, Mr. EDWARDS, Mr. HUTCHINSON, President shall make available to the Speak- Council fails to adopt or enforce the resolu- Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. ALLARD, Mr. BAUCUS, Mr. er of the House of Representatives and the tion described in paragraph (2). HELMS, Mr. BUNNING, Mr. LOTT, Mr. SHELBY, President pro tempore of the Senate his de- SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED Mr. THOMPSON, and Mr. NICKLES) to the joint termination that the United States has used appropriate diplomatic and other peaceful STATES ARMED FORCES PURSUANT resolution S.J. Res. 45, supra. TO A NEW UNITED NATIONS SECU- SA 4869. Mr. BYRD submitted an amend- means to obtain compliance by Iraq with a RITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION. ment intended to be proposed by him to the resolution of the United Nations Security (a) AUTHORIZATION.—Pursuant to a resolu- joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, supra; which Council described in section 2(2) and that tion of the United Nations Security Council was ordered to lie on the table. those efforts have not been and are not like- described in section 2(2) that is adopted after SA 4870. Mr. DAYTON submitted an ly to be successful in obtaining such compli- the enactment of this joint resolution, and amendment intended to be proposed to ance. amendment SA 4856 proposed by Mr. (c) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIRE- subject to subsection (b), the President is au- LIEBERMAN (for himself, Mr. WARNER, Mr. MENTS.— thorized to use the Armed Forces of the BAYH, Mr. MCCAIN, Ms. LANDRIEU, Mr. (1) SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION.— United States to destroy, remove, or render MCCONNELL, Mr. MILLER, Mr. DOMENICI, Mr. Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War harmless Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, EDWARDS, Mr. HUTCHINSON, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. Powers Resolution, Congress declares that nuclear weapons-usable material, ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150 kilo- ALLARD, Mr. BAUCUS, Mr. HELMS, Mr. this section is intended to constitute specific meters, and related facilities, if Iraq fails to BUNNING, Mr. LOTT, Mr. SHELBY, Mr. THOMP- statutory authorization within the meaning comply with the terms of the Security Coun- SON, and Mr. NICKLES) to the joint resolution of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution cil resolution. S.J. Res. 45, supra; which was ordered to lie (22 U.S.C. 1544(b)). (b) REQUIREMENTS.—Before the authority on the table. (2) APPLICABILITY OF OTHER REQUIRE- granted in subsection (a) is exercised, the f MENTS.—Nothing in this joint resolution su- President shall make available to the Speak- persedes any requirement of the War Powers TEXT OF AMENDMENTS er of the House of Representatives and the Resolution. SA 4858. Mr. LEVIN submitted an President pro tempore of the Senate his de- SEC. 4. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. termination that the United States has used amendment intended to be proposed by Not later than 60 days after the date of en- appropriate diplomatic and other peaceful actment of this joint resolution, and at least him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, means to obtain compliance by Iraq with a once during every 60-day period thereafter, to authorize the use of United States resolution of the United Nations Security the President shall submit to Congress a re- Armed Forces against Iraq; which was Council described in section 2(2) and that port containing a summary of the status of ordered to lie on the table; as follows: those efforts have not been and are not like- efforts— Strike the matter proposed to be inserted ly to be successful in obtaining such compli- (1) to have the United Nations Security ance. and insert the following: Council adopt the resolution described in (c) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIRE- SECTION. 1. SHORT TITLE. section 2(2); or MENTS.— This joint resolution may be cited as the (2) in the case of the adoption of such reso- (1) SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION.— ‘‘Multilateral Use of Force Authorization lution, to obtain compliance by Iraq with the Act of 2002’’. Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War resolution. SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL POLICY FOR UNITED Powers Resolution, Congress declares that NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AC- SA 4859. Mr. LEVIN submitted an this section is intended to constitute specific TION ON IRAQ. amendment intended to be proposed by statutory authorization within the meaning Congress— of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution (1) supports the President’s call for the him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, to authorize the use of United States (22 U.S.C. 1544(b)). United Nations to address the threat to (2) APPLICABILITY OF OTHER REQUIRE- international peace and security posed by Armed Forces against Iraq; which was MENTS.—Nothing in this joint resolution su- Saddam Hussein’s continued refusal to meet ordered to lie on the table; as follows: persedes any requirement of the War Powers Iraq’s obligations under resolutions of the Strike the matter proposed to be inserted Resolution. United Nations Security Council to accept and insert the following: SEC. 4. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. the destruction, removal, or rendering harm- SECTION. 1. SHORT TITLE. This joint resolution may be cited as the Not later than 60 days after the date of en- less of its weapons of mass destruction, nu- actment of this joint resolution, and at least clear weapons-usable material, ballistic mis- ‘‘Multilateral Use of Force Authorization Act of 2002’’. once during every 60-day period thereafter, siles with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, the President shall submit to Congress a re- and related facilities, and to cease the devel- SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL POLICY FOR UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AC- port containing a summary of the status of opment, production, or acquisition of such efforts— weapons, materials, and missiles; TION ON IRAQ. Congress— (1) to have the United Nations Security (2) urges the United Nations Security (1) supports the President’s call for the Council adopt the resolution described in Council to adopt promptly a resolution that United Nations to address the threat to section 2(2); or would— international peace and security posed by (2) in the case of the adoption of such reso- (A) demand that Iraq provide immediate, Saddam Hussein’s continued refusal to meet lution, to obtain compliance by Iraq with the unconditional, and unrestricted access of the Iraq’s obligations under resolutions of the resolution. United Nations weapons inspectors so that United Nations Security Council to accept Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, nuclear the destruction, removal, or rendering harm- SA 4860. Mr. LEVIN submitted an weapons-usable material, ballistic missiles less of its weapons of mass destruction, nu- with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, and amendment intended to be proposed by clear weapons-usable material, ballistic mis- related facilities are destroyed, removed, or him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, siles with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, rendered harmless; and to authorize the use of United States and related facilities, and to cease the devel- (B) authorize the use of necessary and ap- Armed Forces against Iraq; which was opment, production, or acquisition of such propriate military force by member states of ordered to lie on the table; as follows: weapons, materials, and missiles; the United Nations to enforce such resolu- (2) urges the United Nations Security Strike the matter proposed to be inserted tion in the event that the Government of Council to adopt promptly a resolution that and insert the following: Iraq refuses to comply; and would— SECTION. 1. SHORT TITLE. (3) affirms that, under international law (A) demand that Iraq provide immediate, This joint resolution may be cited as the and the United Nations Charter, the United unconditional, and unrestricted access of the ‘‘Multilateral Use of Force Authorization States has at all times the inherent right to United Nations weapons inspectors so that Act of 2002’’. use military force in self-defense. Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, nuclear SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL POLICY FOR UNITED SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED weapons-usable material, ballistic missiles NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AC- STATES ARMED FORCES PURSUANT TION ON IRAQ. TO A NEW UNITED NATIONS SECU- with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, and RITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION. related facilities are destroyed, removed, or Congress— (a) AUTHORIZATION.—Pursuant to a resolu- rendered harmless; and (1) supports the President’s call for the tion of the United Nations Security Council (B) authorize the use of necessary and ap- United Nations to address the threat to described in section 2(2) that is adopted after propriate military force by member states of international peace and security posed by the enactment of this joint resolution, and the United Nations to enforce such resolu- Saddam Hussein’s continued refusal to meet subject to subsection (b), the President is au- tion in the event that the Government of Iraq’s obligations under resolutions of the thorized to use the Armed Forces of the Iraq refuses to comply; United Nations Security Council to accept

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 06:24 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00090 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.071 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10227 the destruction, removal, or rendering harm- SA 4861. Mr. LEVIN submitted an persedes any requirement of the War Powers less of its weapons of mass destruction, nu- amendment intended to be proposed by Resolution. clear weapons-usable material, ballistic mis- him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, SEC. 4. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. siles with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, to authorize the use of United States Not later than 60 days after the date of en- and related facilities, and to cease the devel- Armed Forces against Iraq; which was actment of this joint resolution, and at least opment, production, or acquisition of such ordered to lie on the table; as follows: once during every 60-day period thereafter, weapons, materials, and missiles; the President shall submit to Congress a re- Strike the matter proposed to be inserted (2) urges the United Nations Security port containing a summary of the status of and insert the following: Council to adopt promptly a resolution efforts— that— SECTION. 1. SHORT TITLE. This joint resolution may be cited as the (1) to have the United Nations Security (A) demands that Iraq provide immediate, ‘‘Multilateral Use of Force Authorization Council adopt the resolution described in unconditional, and unrestricted access of the Act of 2002’’. section 2(2); or United Nations weapons inspectors so that SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL POLICY FOR UNITED (2) in the case of the adoption of such reso- Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, nuclear NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AC- lution, to obtain compliance by Iraq with the weapons-usable material, ballistic missiles TION ON IRAQ. resolution. with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, and Congress— related facilities are destroyed, removed, or (1) supports the President’s call for the SA 4862. Mr. LEVIN (for himself, Mr. rendered harmless; and United Nations to address the threat to REED, Mr. BINGAMAN, Mrs. BOXER, Ms. (B) authorizes the use of necessary and ap- international peace and security posed by MIKULSKI, Ms. STABENOW, Mr. AKAKA, propriate military force by member states of Saddam Hussein’s continued refusal to meet and Mr. JEFFORDS) submitted an the United Nations to enforce such resolu- Iraq’s obligations under resolutions of the amendment intended to be proposed to tion in the event that the Government of United Nations Security Council to accept Iraq refuses to comply; the destruction, removal, or rendering harm- amendment SA 4856 proposed by Mr. (3) affirms that, under international law less of its weapons of mass destruction, nu- LIEBERMAN (for himself, Mr. WARNER, and the United Nations Charter, the United clear weapons-usable material, ballistic mis- Mr. BAYH, Mr. MCCAIN, Ms. LANDRIEU, States has at all times the inherent right to siles with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, Mr. MCCONNELL, Mr. MILLER, Mr. use military force in self-defense; and and related facilities, and to cease the devel- DOMENICI, Mr. EDWARDS, Mr. HUTCH- (4) will not adjourn sine die this year and opment, production, or acquisition of such INSON, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. ALLARD, Mr. will return to session at any time before the weapons, materials, and missiles; BAUCUS, Mr. HELMS, Mr. BUNNING, Mr. next Congress convenes to consider promptly (2) urges the United Nations Security LOTT, Mr. SHELBY, Mr. THOMPSON, and proposals relative to Iraq if in the judgment Council to adopt promptly a resolution Mr. NICKLES) to the joint resolution of the President the United Nations Security that— Council fails to adopt the resolution de- (A) demands that Iraq provide immediate, S.J. Res. 45, to authorize the use of scribed in paragraph (2). unconditional, and unrestricted access of the United States Armed Forces against SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED United Nations weapons inspectors so that Iraq; as follows: STATES ARMED FORCES PURSUANT Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, nuclear In lieu of the matter proposed to be in- TO A NEW UNITED NATIONS SECU- weapons-usable material, ballistic missiles serted by the amendment, insert the fol- RITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION. with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, and lowing: (a) AUTHORIZATION.—Pursuant to a resolu- related facilities are destroyed, removed, or tion of the United Nations Security Council SECTION. 1. SHORT TITLE. described in section 2(2) that is adopted after rendered harmless; and This joint resolution may be cited as the the enactment of this joint resolution, and (B) authorizes the use of necessary and ap- ‘‘Multilateral Use of Force Authorization subject to subsection (b), the President is au- propriate military force by member states of Act of 2002’’. thorized to use the Armed Forces of the the United Nations to enforce such resolu- SEC. 2. FINDINGS. United States to destroy, remove, or render tion in the event that the Government of Congress makes the following findings: harmless Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, Iraq refuses to comply; and (1) In accordance with United Nations Se- nuclear weapons-usable material, ballistic (3) affirms that, under international law curity Council Resolution 687 (1991), Iraq missiles with a range greater than 150 kilo- and the United Nations Charter, the United made a commitment— meters, and related facilities, if Iraq fails to States has at all times the inherent right to (A) to destroy, remove, or render harmless comply with the terms of the Security Coun- use military force in self-defense. all chemical and biological weapons and cil resolution. SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED stocks of agents and all related subsystems (b) REQUIREMENTS.—Before the authority STATES ARMED FORCES PURSUANT TO A NEW UNITED NATIONS SECU- and components and all research, develop- granted in subsection (a) is exercised, the ment, support, and manufacturing facilities President shall make available to the Speak- RITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION. (a) AUTHORIZATION.—Pursuant to a resolu- related thereto; er of the House of Representatives and the (B) to destroy, remove, or render harmless President pro tempore of the Senate his de- tion of the United Nations Security Council described in section 2(2) that is adopted after all ballistic missiles with a range greater termination that the United States has used the enactment of this joint resolution, and than 150 kilometers, and related major parts appropriate diplomatic and other peaceful subject to subsection (b), the President is au- and production facilities; means to obtain compliance by Iraq with a thorized to use the Armed Forces of the (C) not to acquire or develop any nuclear resolution of the United Nations Security United States to destroy, remove, or render Council described in section 2(2) and that weapons, nuclear-weapons-usable material, harmless Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, nuclear-related subsystems or components, those efforts have not been and are not like- nuclear weapons-usable material, ballistic ly to be successful in obtaining such compli- or nuclear-related research, development, missiles with a range greater than 150 kilo- support, or manufacturing facilities; and ance. meters, and related facilities, if Iraq fails to (c) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIRE- (D) to permit immediate on-site inspection comply with the terms of the Security Coun- MENTS.— of Iraq’s biological, chemical, and missile ca- cil resolution. pabilities, and assist the International (1) SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION.— (b) REQUIREMENTS.—Before the authority Atomic Energy Agency in carrying out the Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War granted in subsection (a) is exercised, the destruction, removal, or rendering harmless Powers Resolution, Congress declares that President shall make available to the Speak- this section is intended to constitute specific er of the House of Representatives and the of all nuclear-related items and in devel- statutory authorization within the meaning President pro tempore of the Senate his de- oping a plan for ongoing monitoring and of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution termination that the United States has used verification of Iraq’s compliance. (22 U.S.C. 1544(b)). appropriate diplomatic and other peaceful (2) The regime of Saddam Hussein consist- (2) APPLICABILITY OF OTHER REQUIRE- means to obtain compliance by Iraq with a ently refused to cooperate with United Na- MENTS.—Nothing in this joint resolution su- resolution of the United Nations Security tions Special Commission weapons inspec- persedes any requirement of the War Powers Council described in section 2(2) and that tors in Iraq between 1991 and 1998 by denying Resolution. those efforts have not been and are not like- them access to crucial people, sites, and doc- SEC. 4. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. ly to be successful in obtaining such compli- uments. Not later than 60 days after the date of en- ance. (3) On October 31, 1998, Iraq banned the actment of this joint resolution, and at least (c) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIRE- United Nations weapons inspectors despite once during every 60-day period thereafter, MENTS.— its agreement and obligation to comply with the President shall submit to Congress a re- (1) SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION.— United Nations Security Council Resolution port containing a summary of the status of Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War 687 (1991). efforts— Powers Resolution, Congress declares that (4) Iraq continues to develop weapons of (1) to have the United Nations Security this section is intended to constitute specific mass destruction, in violation of its commit- Council adopt the resolution described in statutory authorization within the meaning ments under United Nations Security Coun- section 2(2); or of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution cil Resolution 687 (1991) and subsequent reso- (2) in the case of the adoption of such reso- (22 U.S.C. 1544(b)). lutions, and the regime of Saddam Hussein lution, to obtain compliance by Iraq with the (2) APPLICABILITY OF OTHER REQUIRE- has used weapons of mass destruction resolution. MENTS.—Nothing in this joint resolution su- against its own people and other nations.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 06:24 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00091 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.088 S09PT1 S10228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002

(5) The development of weapons of mass de- (2) APPLICABILITY OF OTHER REQUIRE- SEC. 3. CONGRESSIONAL POLICY FOR UNITED struction by Iraq is a threat to the United MENTS.—Nothing in this joint resolution su- NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AC- States, to the friends and allies of the United persedes any requirement of the War Powers TION ON IRAQ. States in the Middle East, and to inter- Resolution. Congress— (1) supports the President’s call for the national peace and security. SEC. 5. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. SEC. 3. CONGRESSIONAL POLICY FOR UNITED United Nations to address the threat to NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL AC- Not later than 60 days after the date of en- international peace and security posed by TION ON IRAQ. actment of this joint resolution, and at least Saddam Hussein’s continued refusal to meet Congress— once during every 60-day period thereafter, Iraq’s obligations under resolutions of the (1) supports the President’s call for the the President shall submit to Congress a re- United Nations Security Council to accept United Nations to address the threat to port containing a summary of the status of the destruction, removal, or rendering harm- international peace and security posed by efforts— less of its weapons of mass destruction, nu- Saddam Hussein’s continued refusal to meet (1) to have the United Nations Security clear weapons-usable material, ballistic mis- Iraq’s obligations under resolutions of the Council adopt the resolution described in siles with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, United Nations Security Council to accept section 3(2); or and related facilities, and to cease the devel- the destruction, removal, or rendering harm- (2) in the case of the adoption of such reso- opment, production, or acquisition of such less of its weapons of mass destruction, nu- lution, to obtain compliance by Iraq with the weapons, materials, and missiles; clear weapons-usable material, ballistic mis- resolution. (2) urges the United Nations Security siles with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, Council to adopt promptly a resolution and related facilities, and to cease the devel- SA 4863. Mr. LEVIN submitted an that— opment, production, or acquisition of such amendment intended to be proposed to (A) demands that Iraq provide immediate, weapons, materials, and missiles; amendment SA 4586 submitted by Mr. unconditional, and unrestricted access of the (2) urges the United Nations Security United Nations weapons inspectors so that SPECTER and intended to be proposed to Council to adopt promptly a resolution Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, nuclear that— the bill H.R. 5005, to establish the De- weapons-usable material, ballistic missiles (A) demands that Iraq provide immediate, partment of Homeland Security, and with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, and unconditional, and unrestricted access of the for other purposes; which was ordered related facilities are destroyed, removed, or United Nations weapons inspectors so that to lie on the table; as follows: rendered harmless; and Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, nuclear In lieu of the matter proposed to be in- (B) authorizes the use of necessary and ap- weapons-usable material, ballistic missiles serted by the amendment, insert the fol- propriate military force by member states of with a range in excess of 150 kilometers, and lowing: the United Nations to enforce such resolu- related facilities are destroyed, removed, or tion in the event that the Government of rendered harmless; and SECTION. 1. SHORT TITLE. Iraq refuses to comply; and (B) authorizes the use of necessary and ap- This joint resolution may be cited as the (3) affirms that, under international law propriate military force by member states of ‘‘Multilateral Use of Force Authorization and the United Nations Charter, the United the United Nations to enforce such resolu- Act of 2002’’. States has at all times the inherent right to tion in the event that the Government of SEC. 2. FINDINGS. use military force in self-defense. Iraq refuses to comply; Congress makes the following findings: SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED (3) affirms that, under international law (1) In accordance with United Nations Se- STATES ARMED FORCES PURSUANT and the United Nations Charter, the United TO A NEW UNITED NATIONS SECU- curity Council Resolution 687 (1991), Iraq States has at all times the inherent right to RITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION. made a commitment— use military force in self-defense; and (a) AUTHORIZATION.—Pursuant to a resolu- (A) to destroy, remove, or render harmless (4) will not adjourn sine die this year and tion of the United Nations Security Council all chemical and biological weapons and will return to session at any time before the described in section 3(2) that is adopted after stocks of agents and all related subsystems next Congress convenes to consider promptly the enactment of this joint resolution, and and components and all research, develop- proposals relative to Iraq if in the judgment subject to subsection (b), the President is au- ment, support, and manufacturing facilities of the President the United Nations Security thorized to use the Armed Forces of the related thereto; Council fails to adopt or enforce the resolu- United States to destroy, remove, or render (B) to destroy, remove, or render harmless tion described in paragraph (2). harmless Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, all ballistic missiles with a range greater nuclear weapons-usable material, ballistic SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED than 150 kilometers, and related major parts STATES ARMED FORCES PURSUANT missiles with a range greater than 150 kilo- and production facilities; TO A NEW UNITED NATIONS SECU- meters, and related facilities, if Iraq fails to (C) not to acquire or develop any nuclear RITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION. comply with the terms of the Security Coun- weapons, nuclear-weapons-usable material, (a) AUTHORIZATION.—Pursuant to a resolu- cil resolution. tion of the United Nations Security Council nuclear-related subsystems or components, or nuclear-related research, development, (b) REQUIREMENTS.—Before the authority described in section 3(2) that is adopted after granted in subsection (a) is exercised, the the enactment of this joint resolution, and support, or manufacturing facilities; and (D) to permit immediate on-site inspection President shall make available to the Speak- subject to subsection (b), the President is au- er of the House of Representatives and the thorized to use the Armed Forces of the of Iraq’s biological, chemical, and missile capabilities, and assist the International President pro tempore of the Senate his de- United States to destroy, remove, or render termination that the United States has used harmless Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, Atomic Energy Agency in carrying out the destruction, removal, or rendering harmless appropriate diplomatic and other peaceful nuclear weapons-usable material, ballistic means to obtain compliance by Iraq with a missiles with a range greater than 150 kilo- of all nuclear-related items and in developing a plan for ongoing monitoring and resolution of the United Nations Security meters, and related facilities, if Iraq fails to Council described in section 3(2) and that comply with the terms of the Security Coun- verification of Iraq’s compliance. (2) The regime of Saddam Hussein consist- those efforts have not been and are not like- cil resolution. ly to be successful in obtaining such compli- (b) REQUIREMENTS.—Before the authority ently refused to cooperate with United Na- ance. granted in subsection (a) is exercised, the tions Special Commission weapons inspec- (c) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIRE- President shall make available to the Speak- tors in Iraq between 1991 and 1998 by denying MENTS.— er of the House of Representatives and the them access to crucial people, sites, and doc- (1) SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION.— President pro tempore of the Senate his de- uments. Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War termination that the United States has used (3) On October 31, 1998, Iraq banned the Powers Resolution, Congress declares that appropriate diplomatic and other peaceful United Nations weapons inspectors despite this section is intended to constitute specific means to obtain compliance by Iraq with a its agreement and obligation to comply with statutory authorization within the meaning resolution of the United Nations Security United Nations Security Council Resolution of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution Council described in section 3(2) and that 687 (1991). (22 U.S.C. 1544(b)). those efforts have not been and are not like- (4) Iraq continues to develop weapons of (2) APPLICABILITY OF OTHER REQUIRE- ly to be successful in obtaining such compli- mass destruction, in violation of its commit- MENTS.—Nothing in this joint resolution su- ance. ments under United Nations Security Coun- (c) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIRE- cil Resolution 687 (1991) and subsequent reso- persedes any requirement of the War Powers MENTS.— lutions, and the regime of Saddam Hussein Resolution. (1) SPECIFIC STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION.— has used weapons of mass destruction SEC. 5. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War against its own people and other nations. Not later than 60 days after the date of en- Powers Resolution, Congress declares that (5) The development of weapons of mass de- actment of this joint resolution, and at least this section is intended to constitute specific struction by Iraq is a threat to the United once during every 60-day period thereafter, statutory authorization within the meaning States, to the friends and allies of the United the President shall submit to Congress a re- of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution States in the Middle East, and to inter- port containing a summary of the status of (22 U.S.C. 1544(b)). national peace and security. efforts—

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 06:24 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00092 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.090 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10229 (1) to have the United Nations Security (1) is intended to alter the constitutional Mr. BAYH, Mr. MCCAIN, Ms. LANDRIEU, Council adopt the resolution described in authorities of the Congress to declare war, Mr. MCCONNELL, Mr. MILLER, Mr. section 3(2); or grant letters of Marque and Reprisal, or DOMENICI, Mr. EDWARDS, Mr. HUTCH- (2) in the case of the adoption of such reso- other authorities invested in Congress by INSON, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. ALLARD, Mr. lution, to obtain compliance by Iraq with the Section 8, Article 1 of the Constitution; or BAUCUS, Mr. HELMS, Mr. BUNNING, Mr. resolution. (2) shall be construed as granting any authority to the President to use the United LOTT, Mr. SHELBY, Mr. THOMPSON, and SA 4864. Mr. DURBIN submitted an States Armed Forces for any purpose not di- Mr. NICKLES) to the joint resolution amendment intended to be proposed to rectly related to a clear threat of imminent, S.J. Res. 45, to authorize the use of amendment SA 4586 submitted by Mr. sudden, and direct attack upon the United United States Armed Forces against SPECTER and intended to be proposed to States, its possessions or territories, or the Iraq; which was ordered to lie on the the bill H.R. 5005, to establish the De- Armed Forces of the United States, unless table; as follows: the Congress of the United States otherwise Strike all after ‘‘SECTION 1.’’ and insert partment of Homeland Security, and authorizes. for other purposes; which was ordered the following: SHORT TITLE. to lie on the table; as follows: SA 4869. Mr. BYRD submitted an This joint resolution may be cited as the On page 7, strike lines 19 through 23 and in- amendment intended to be proposed by ‘‘Disarm Iraq Act of 2002’’. sert the following: him to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, SEC. 2. FINDINGS. (1) defend the national security of the to authorize the use of United States (1) Since in 1990 in response to Iraq’s war of United States against an imminent threat Armed Forces against Iraq; which was aggression against and illegal occupation of posed by Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction; ordered to lie on the table; as follows: Kuwait, the United States forged a coalition and of nations to liberate Kuwait and its people At the appropriate place, insert the fol- (2) enforce paragraphs (8) through (13) of in order to defend the national security of lowing: United Nations Security Council Resolution the United States and enforce United Na- 687 (1991). SEC. 5. TERMINATION OF THE AUTHORIZATION tions Security Council resolutions relating FOR THE USE OF THE UNITED to Iraq. STATES ARMED FORCES. SA 4865. Mr. DURBIN submitted an (2) Since after the liberation of Kuwait in (a) IN GENERAL.—The authorization in sec- amendment intended to be proposed to 1991, Iraq entered into a United Nations amendment SA 4586 submitted by Mr. tion 3(a) shall terminate 12 months after the sponsored cease-fire agreement pursuant to date of enactment of this joint resolution, SPECTER and intended to be proposed to which Iraq unequivocally agreed, among except that the President may extend, for a other things, to eliminate its nuclear, bio- the bill H.R. 5005, to establish the De- period or periods of 12 months each, such au- partment of Homeland Security, and logical, and chemical weapons programs and thorization if— the means to deliver and develop them, and for other purposes; which was ordered (1) the President determines and certifies to end its support for international ter- to lie on the table; as follows: to Congress for each such period, not later rorism. On page 7, line 20, strike ‘‘the continuing that 60 days before the date of termination (3) Since the efforts of international weap- threat posed by Iraq’’ and insert ‘‘an immi- of the authorization, that the extension is ons inspectors, United States intelligence nent threat posed by Iraq’s weapons of mass necessary for ongoing or impending military agencies, and Iraqi defectors led to the dis- destruction’’. operations against Iraq under section 3(a); covery that Iraq had large stockpiles of and chemical weapons and a large scale biologi- SA 4866. Mrs. BOXER submitted an (2) the Congress does not enact into law, cal weapons program, and that Iraq had an amendment intended to be proposed by before the extension of the authorization, a advanced nuclear weapons development pro- joint resolution disapproving the extension her to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, gram that was much closer to producing a of the authorization for the additional 12- nuclear weapon than intelligence reporting to authorize the use of United States month period. Armed Forces against Iraq; which was had previously indicated. (b) CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW PROCEDURES.— (4) Since Iraq, in direct and flagrant viola- ordered to lie on the table; as follows: (1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of sub- tion of the cease-fire, attempted to thwart On page 8, line 10, strike ‘‘or’’ and insert section (a)(2), a joint resolution described in the efforts of weapons inspectors to identify ‘‘and’’. paragraph (2) shall be considered in the Sen- and destroy Iraq’s weapons of mass destruc- ate and the House of Representatives in action stockpiles and development capabilities, SA 4867. Mrs. BOXER submitted an cordance with the procedures applicable to which finally resulted in the withdrawal of amendment intended to be proposed by joint resolutions under paragraphs (3) inspectors from Iraq on October 31, 1998. her to the joint resolution S.J. Res. 45, through (8) of section 8066(c) of the Depart- (5) Since in 1998 Congress concluded that ment of Defense Appropriations Act, 1985 (as to authorize the use of United States Iraq’s continuing weapons of mass destruc- contained in Public Law 98–473; 98 Stat. 1936– tion programs threatened vital United Armed Forces against Iraq; which was 1937), except that— ordered to lie on the table; as follows: States interests and international peace and (A) references in those provisions to the security, declared Iraq to be in ‘‘material At the end, insert the following: Committee on Appropriations of the House and unacceptable breach of its international SEC. . TWO-PARENT FAMILIES IN COMBAT. of Representatives shall be deemed to be ref- obligations’’ and urged the President ‘‘to In families with minor children where both erences to the Committee on International take appropriate action, in accordance with parents serve on active duty in the Armed Relations of the House of Representatives; the Constitution and relevant laws of the Forces or where both parents are members of and United States, to bring Iraq into compliance the National Guard or Reserves, the Sec- (B) references in those provisions to the with its international obligations’’ (Public retary of Defense shall make every effort to Committee on Appropriations of the Senate Law 105–235). ensure that not more than one of the parents shall be deemed to be references to the Com- (6) Since Iraq both poses a continuing is deployed in combat. mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. threat to the national security of the United (2) JOINT RESOLUTION DEFINED.—For pur- States and international peace and security SA 4868. Mr. BYRD submitted an poses of paragraph (1), the term ‘‘joint reso- in the Persian Gulf region and remains in amendment intended to be proposed to lution’’ means only a joint resolution intro- material and unacceptable breach of its duced after the date on which the certifi- international obligations by, among other amendment SA 4856 proposed by Mr. cation of the President under subsection LIEBERMAN (for himself, Mr. WARNER, things, continuing to possess and develop a (a)(1) is received by Congress, the matter significant chemical and biological weapons Mr. BAYH, Mr. MCCAIN, Ms. LANDRIEU, after the resolving clause of which is as fol- capability, actively seeking a nuclear weap- Mr. MCCONNELL, Mr. MILLER, Mr. lows: ‘‘That, pursuant to section 5 of the Au- ons capability, and supporting and harboring DOMENICI, Mr. EDWARDS, Mr. HUTCH- thorization for the Use of Military Force terrorist organizations. INSON, Mr. JOHNSON, Mr. ALLARD, Mr. Against Iraq, the Congress disapproves the (7) Since Iraq persists in violating resolu- BAUCUS, Mr. HELMS, Mr. BUNNING, Mr. extension of the authorization under section tions of the United Nations Security Council 3(a) of that joint resolution for the addi- LOTT, Mr. SHELBY, Mr. THOMPSON, and by continuing to engage in brutal repression tional 12-month period specified in the cer- of its civilian population thereby threat- Mr. NICKLES) to the joint resolution tification of the President to the Congress S.J. Res. 45, to authorize the use of ening international peace and security in the dated ll.’’, with the blank filled in with the region, by refusing to release, repatriate, or United States Armed Forces against appropriate date. Iraq; as follows: account for non-Iraqi citizens wrongfully detained by Iraq, including an American serv- At the appropriate place, insert the fol- SA 4870. Mr. DAYTON submitted an iceman, and by failing to return property lowing: amendment intended to be proposed to wrongfully seized by Iraq from Kuwait. SEC. 5. STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION. amendment SA 4856 proposed by Mr. (8) Since the current Iraqi regime has dem- Nothing in this joint resolution— LIEBERMAN (for himself, Mr. WARNER, onstrated its capability and willingness to

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00093 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.090 S09PT1 S10230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 use weapons of mass destruction against meet our common challenge’’ posed by Iraq tionally, to reconvene immediately if the other nations and its own people. and to ‘‘work for the necessary resolutions,’’ President requests a declaration of war to be (9) Since the current Iraqi regime has dem- while also making clear that ‘‘the Security voted upon. onstrated its continuing hostility toward, Council resolutions will be enforced, and the f and willingness to attack, the United States, just demands of peace and security will be including by attempting in 1993 to assas- met, or action will be unavoidable’’. NOTICES OF HEARINGS/MEETINGS sinate former President Bush and by firing (19) Since the United States is determined COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS on many thousands of occasions on United to prosecute the war on terrorism and Iraq’s Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I would States and Coalition Armed Forces engaged ongoing support for international terrorist in enforcing the resolutions of the United groups combined with its development of like to announce that the Committee Nations Security Council. weapons of mass destruction in direct viola- on Indian Affairs will meet on Thurs- (10) Since members of al Qaida, an organi- tion of its obligations under the 1991 cease- day, October 10, 2002, at 11:00 a.m. in zation bearing responsibility for attacks on fire and other United Nations Security Coun- Room 485 of the Russell Senate Office the United States, its citizens, and interests, cil resolutions make clear that it is in the Building to conduct a Hearing on S. including the attacks that occurred on Sep- national security interests of the United 2986, a bill to provide for and approve tember 11, 2001, are known to be in Iraq. States and in furtherance of the war on ter- the settlement of certain land claims (11) Since Iraq continues to aid and harbor rorism that all relevant United Nations Se- of the Bay Mills Indian Community, other international terrorist organizations, curity Council resolutions be enforced, in- including organizations that threaten the cluding through the use of force if necessary. Michigan. lives and safety of American citizens. (20) Since Congress has taken steps to pur- Those wishing additional information (12) Since the attacks on the United States sue vigorously the war on terrorism through may contact the Indian Affairs Com- of September 11, 2001, underscored the grav- the provision of authorities and funding re- mittee at 224–2251. ity of the threat posed by the acquisition of quested by the President to take the nec- f weapons of mass destruction by inter- essary actions against international terror- national terrorist organizations. ists and terrorist organizations, including AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO (13) Since Iraq’s demonstrated capability those nations, organizations or persons who MEET and willingness to use weapons of mass de- planned, authorized, committed or aided the COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES struction, the risk that the current Iraqi re- terrorist attacks that occurred on Sep- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- gime will either employ those weapons to tember 11, 2001, or harbored such persons or imous consent that the Committee on launch a surprise attack against the United organizations. States or its Armed Forces or provide them (21) Since the President and Congress are Armed Services be authorized to meet to international terrorists who would do so, determined to continue to take all appro- during the session of the Senate on and the extreme magnitude of harm that priate actions against international terror- Wednesday, October 9, 2002, at 9:30 a.m. would result to the United States and its ists and terrorist organizations, including in Executive Session to discuss pending citizens from such an attack, combine to jus- those nations, organizations or persons who military nominations. tify action by the United States to defend planned, authorized, committed or aided the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without itself. terrorist attacks that occurred on Sep- objection, it is so ordered. (14) Since United Nations Security Council tember 11, 2001, or harbored such persons or Resolution 678 authorizes the use of all nec- COMMITTEE ON FINANCE organizations. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- essary means to enforce United Nations Se- (22) Since the President has authority curity Council Resolution 660 and subsequent under the Constitution to take action in imous consent that the Committee on relevant resolutions and to compel Iraq to order to deter and prevent acts of inter- Finance be authorized to meet during cease certain activities that threaten international terrorism against the United the session of the Senate on Wednes- national peace and security, including the States, as Congress recognized in the joint day, October 9, 2002, at 10:00 a.m., to development of weapons of mass destruction resolution on Authorization for Use of Mili- hear testimony on ‘‘The Financial War and refusal or obstruction of United Nations tary Force (Public Law 107–40). weapons inspections in violation of United on Terrorism: New Money Trails (23) Since Congress, under the Constitu- Present Fresh Challenges.’’ Nations Security Council Resolution 687, re- tion, has the sole authority to declare war. pression of its civilian population in viola- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without SEC. 3. SUPPORT FOR UNITED STATES DIPLO- objection, it is so ordered. tion of United Nations Security Council Res- MATIC EFFORTS. olution 688, and threatening its neighbors or The Congress of the United States supports COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS United Nations operations in Iraq in viola- the efforts by the President to— Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- tion of United Nations Security Council Res- (1) strictly enforce through the United Na- imous consent that the Committee on olution 949. tions Security Council all relevant Security (15) Since Congress in the Authorization of Foreign Relations be authorized to Council resolutions applicable to Iraq and meet during the session of the Senate Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolu- encourages him in those efforts; and tion (Public Law 102–1) has authorized the on Wednesday, October 9, 2002, at 10 (2) obtain prompt and decisive action by a.m., to hold a nomination hearing. President ‘‘to use United States Armed the Security Council to ensure that Iraq Forces pursuant to United Nations Security abandons its strategy of delay, evasion, and Agenda Council Resolution 678 (1990) in order to noncompliance and promptly and strictly achieve implementation of Security Council Nominees: The Honorable John R. complies with all relevant Security Council Resolutions 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, resolutions. Hamilton, of North Carolina, to be Am- 670, 674, and 677’’. bassador to the Republic of Guatemala; (16) Since in December 1991, Congress ex- SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES. Mr. John F. Keane, of Virginia, to be pressed its sense that it ‘‘supports the use of (a) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is des- Ambassador to the Republic of Para- all necessary means to achieve the goals of ignated by the Constitution as the Com- guay; and the Honorable David N. United Nations Security Council Resolution mander in Chief, and is empowered to use the 687 as being consistent with the Authoriza- Greenlee, of Maryland, to be Ambas- Armed Forces of the United States as he de- sador to the Republic of Bolivia. tion of Use of Military Force Against Iraq termines to be necessary and appropriate in Resolution (Public Law 102–1),’’ that Iraq’s order to defend the national security of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without repression of its civilian population violates United States against an imminent threat objection, it is so ordered. United Nations Security Council Resolution posed by Iraq. COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS 688 and ‘‘constitutes a continuing threat to (b) PREPARATION.—Congress urges the Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- the peace, security, and stability of the Per- President, as Commander in Chief, to under- imous consent that the Committee on sian Gulf region,’’ and that Congress, ‘‘sup- take all steps necessary to prepare the Foreign Relations be authorized to ports the use of all necessary means to Armed Forces of the United States for use achieve the goals of United Nations Security against Iraq, if reliance by the United States meet during the session of the Senate Council Resolution 688’’. on further diplomatic or peaceful means on Wednesday, October 9, 2002, at 10:15 (17) Since the Iraq Liberation Act (Public alone either— a.m., to hold a hearing on 10 +10 over Law 105–338) expressed the sense of Congress (1) will not adequately protect the national 10. that it should be the policy of the United security of the United States against the States to support efforts to remove from continuing threat posed by Iraq; or Agenda power the current Iraqi regime and promote (2) is not likely to lead to enforcement of Witnesses the emergence of a democratic government all relevant United Nations Security Council to replace that regime. resolutions regarding Iraq. Panel 1: The Honorable John R. (18) Since on September 12, 2002, President SEC. 5. ADJOURNMENT. Bolton, Under Secretary for Arms Con- Bush committed the United States to ‘‘work The One Hundred Seventh Congress shall, trol and International Security Affairs, with the United Nations Security Council to upon adjournment sine die, adjourn condi- Department of State, Washington, DC.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00094 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.092 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S10231 Panel 2: Representative from the De- SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE 48 HOUR NOTIFICATIONS partment of State; Representative Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- The Office of Public Records will be from the Department of Defense; Rep- imous consent that the Select Com- open on three successive Saturdays and resentative from the Department of mittee on Intelligence be authorized to Sundays from 12 noon until 4 p.m. for Energy; and Representative from the meet during the session of the Senate the purpose of accepting 48 hour notifi- Department of Treasury. on Wednesday, October 9, 2002, at 9:30 cations of contributions required by Panel 3: Mr. Kenneth Luongo, Execu- a.m., to hold an open hearing on the the Federal Election Campaign Act, as tive Director, The Russian-American nomination of Scott M. Miller to be amended. The dates are October 19th Nuclear Security Advisory Council, General Counsel at the Central Intel- and 20th, October 26th and 27th, No- Princeton, NJ. ligence Agency. vember 2nd and 3rd. All principal cam- Additional witnesses to be an- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without paign committees supporting Senate nounced. objection, it is so ordered. candidates in 2002 must notify the Sec- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE retary of the Senate regarding con- objection, it is so ordered. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- tributions of $1,000 or more if received COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, imous consent that the Select Com- after the 20th day, but more than 48 AND PENSIONS mittee on Intelligence be authorized to hours before the day of the general Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- meet during the session of the Senate election. The 48 hour notifications may imous consent that the Committee on on Wednesday, October 9, 2002, at 2 also be transmitted by facsimile ma- Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- p.m., to hold a closed hearing with the chine. The Office of Public Records sions be authorized to meet in Execu- House Permanent Select Committee on FAX number is (202) 224–1851. tive Session after the first floor vote of Intelligence concerning the joint in- f the day during the session of the Sen- quiry into the events of September 11, ate on Wednesday, October 9, 2002, in 2001. EXECUTIVE SESSION SC–216. The committee will consider The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the nomination of Mark B. McClellan, objection, it is so ordered. of District of Columbia, to be Commis- SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION EXECUTIVE CALENDAR sioner of Food and Drugs, Department Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- of Health and Human Services. imous consent that the Subcommittee imous consent that the Senate proceed The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without on Housing and Transportation of the to executive session to consider Execu- objection, it is so ordered. Committee on Banking, Housing, and tive Calendar No. 10, the 1997 amend- COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS Urban Affairs be authorized to meet ment to the Montreal Protocol; that Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- during the session of the Senate on the amendment be advanced through imous consent that the Committee on Wednesday, October 9, 2002, at 2:30 p.m., its parliamentary stages up to and in- Indian Affairs be authorized to meet on to conduct an oversight hearing on cluding the presentation of the resolu- Wednesday, October 9, 2002, at 10 a.m., ‘‘Affordable Housing Preservation.’’ tion of ratification, and that the Sen- in room 485 of the Russell Senate Office The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ate now vote on the resolution of rati- Building to conduct a hearing on S. objection, it is so ordered. fication. 2694, the Thomasina E. Jordan Indian The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition f objection, it is so ordered. Act of 2002. PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR The question is on agreeing to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without resolution. Mr. REID. Madam President, I ask objection, it is so ordered. All of those in favor will rise and unanimous consent that Rich Verma be stand until counted. (After a pause.) COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY granted access to the floor during the Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- Those opposed will rise and stand until consideration of S.J. Res. 45. counted. imous consent that the Senate Com- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- mittee on the Judiciary Subcommittee In the opinion of the Chair, two- pore. Without objection, it is so or- thirds of the Senators present and vot- on Technology, Terrorism and Govern- dered. ment Information be authorized to ing having voted in the affirmative, the Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I ask resolution is agreed to. meet to conduct a hearing on ‘‘Tools unanimous consent that Ed Danielson, Against Terror: How the Administra- The resolution of ratification reads a fellow in the office of Senator REED as follows: tion is Implementing New Laws in the of Rhode Island, be granted floor privi- Fight to Protect Our Homeland’’ on Resolved, (two-thirds of the Senators present leges during the debate on S.J. Res. 45. concurring therein), Wednesday, October 9, 2002, at 10 a.m., The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without That the Senate advise and consent to the in room 226 of the Dirksen Senate Of- objection, it is so ordered. ratification of the Amendment to the Mon- fice Building. treal Protocol on Substances that Deplete f the Ozone Layer, Adopted at Montreal on Witness list September 15–17, 1997, by the Ninth Meeting Panel I: Glenn Fine, Inspector Gen- NOTICE of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol eral, Department of Justice; Alice (Treaty Doc. 106–10). Fisher, Deputy Assistant Attorney Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- General, Criminal Division, Depart- REGISTRATION OF MASS imous consent that the Senate proceed ment of Justice; and Dennis Lormel, MAILINGS to Executive Calendar No. 11, the Chief, Financial Crimes Section, Fed- The filing date for 2002 third quarter amendment to the Montreal Protocol— eral Bureau of Investigation. mass mailings is October 25, 2002. If the Beijing amendment—that amend- Panel II: Scott Hastings, Associate your office did no mass mailings during ment be advanced through its par- Commissioner for the Office of Infor- this period, please submit a form that liamentary stages up to and including mation Resources Management, Immi- states ‘‘none.’’ the presentation of the resolution of gration and Naturalization Service; Mi- Mass mailing registrations, or nega- ratification, and the Senate now vote chael Cronin, Assistant Commissioner tive reports, should be submitted to on the resolution of ratification. for Inspections, Immigration and Natu- the Senate Office of Public Records, 232 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ralization Service; Steven Edson, Act- Hart Building, Washington, DC 20510– objection, it is so ordered. ing Deputy Assistant Secretary of 7116. The question is on agreeing to the State for Visas, Department of State; The Public Records office will be resolution. and Benjamin Wu, Under Secretary for open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. on the filing All those in favor of the resolution Technology, Department of Commerce. date to accept these filings. For further will rise and stand until counted. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without information, please contact the Public (After a pause.) Those opposed will rise objection, it is so ordered. Records office at (202) 224–0322. and stand until counted.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00095 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC6.093 S09PT1 S10232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 9, 2002 In the opinion of the Chair, two- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- UNANIMOUS CONSENT AGREE- thirds of the Senators present and vot- imous consent that the act be read a MENT—CONFERENCE REPORT TO ing having voted in the affirmative, the third time, passed, and the motion to ACCOMPANY H.R. 3295 resolution is agreed to. reconsider be laid upon the table, with Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- The resolution of ratification reads no intervening action or debate; and imous consent that, notwithstanding as follows: that any statements be printed in the rule XXII, when the Senate considers Resolved, (two-thirds of the Senators present RECORD. the conference report to accompany concurring therein), The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without H.R. 3295, election reform, it be consid- That the Senate advise and consent to the objection, it is so ordered. ered under the following limitations: ratification of the Amendment to the Mon- The bill (H.R. 5531) was read the third there be 2 hours for debate on the con- treal Protocol on Substances that Deplete time and passed. the Ozone Layer, Adopted at Beijing on De- ference report, with the time equally cember 3, 1999, by the Eleventh Meeting of f divided and controlled between the the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (Treaty AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING OF A chairman and ranking member of the Doc. 106–32). DOCUMENT ENTITLED ‘‘COM- Rules Committee, or their designees; f MITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS, that upon the use or yielding back of LEGISLATIVE SESSION UNITED STATES SENATE, 135TH time, without further intervening ac- ANNIVERSARY, 1867–2002’’ tion or debate, the Senate proceed to Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- vote on adoption of the conference re- imous consent that the Senate now re- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed port. turn to legislative session. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without to the consideration of S. Res. 337, sub- objection, it is so ordered. objection, it is so ordered. mitted early today by Senators BYRD and STEVENS. f The PRESIDING OFFICER. The f MEASURE READ THE FIRST clerk will report the resolution by TIME—H.R. 5427 title. ORDERS FOR THURSDAY, OCTOBER Mr. REID. Mr. President, it is my un- The assistant legislative clerk read 10, 2002 derstanding that H.R. 5427 is at the as follows: Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- desk. If that is the case, I ask for its A resolution (S. Res. 337) authorizing the imous consent that when the Senate first reading. printing with illustrations of a document en- completes its business today, it stand The PRESIDING OFFICER. The titled ‘‘Committee on Appropriations, United in adjournment until 9:15 a.m., Thurs- clerk will read the bill by title for the States Senate, 135th Anniversary, 1867–2002.’’ day, October 10; that following the first time. There being no objection, the Senate prayer and the pledge, the morning The assistant legislative clerk read proceeded to the consideration of the hour be deemed expired, the Journal of as follows: resolution. proceeding be approved to date, the A bill (H.R. 5427) to designate the Federal Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- time for the two leaders be reserved for building located at Fifth and Richardson imous consent the resolution be agreed their use later in the day, and the Sen- Avenues in Roswell, New Mexico, as the ‘‘Joe to, the motion to reconsider be laid ate then resume consideration of S.J. Skeen Federal Building.’’ upon the table, and any statements be Res. 45, under the previous order. Mr. REID. I would now ask for its printed in the RECORD. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without second reading but object to my own The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. request. objection, it is so ordered. The resolution (S. Res. 337) was The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- f tion having been heard, the bill will agreed to, as follows: have its second reading on the next leg- S. RES. 337 PROGRAM islative day. Resolved, That there be printed with illustrations as a Senate document of compila- Mr. REID. Mr. President, the next f tion of material entitled ‘‘Committee on Ap- rollcall vote will occur tomorrow at SUDAN PEACE ACT propriations, United States Senate, 135th 9:40 a.m. on the Byrd amendment No. Anniversary, 1867–2002’’, and that there be 4869. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- printed two thousand additional copies of imous consent that the Senate proceed such document for the use of the Committee f to the consideration of H.R. 5531, which on Appropriations. has been received from the House. f The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 9:15 A.M. clerk will report the bill by title. EXPRESSION OF APPRECIATION TOMORROW The assistant legislative clerk read Mr. REID. Mr. President, first of all, Mr. REID. Mr. President, I am aware as follows: I express my appreciation and that of of no further business to come before A bill (H.R. 5531) to facilitate famine relief the Senate to the Presiding Officer for the Senate. I ask unanimous consent efforts and a comprehensive solution to the being so patient and staying so late that the Senate stand in adjournment war in Sudan. and doing double duty. We appreciate under the previous order. There being no objection, the Senate that very much. And for all the staff, There being no objection, the Senate, proceeded to the consideration of the we appreciate your hard work today, at 11:17 p.m., adjourned until Thursday, bill. but get ready for tomorrow. October 10, 2002, at 9:15 a.m.

VerDate 0ct 02 2002 04:49 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00096 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G09OC6.186 S09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1801 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

PAYING TRIBUTE TO MAPLE to officially recognize the heroic men and GIFTS FROM PRESCRIPTION DRUG GROVE COLUMBINE CLUB women of United Airlines Flight 93 for their ac- MANUFACTURERS? GOOD FOR tions on the morning of September 11, 2001. PATIENTS—OR CROSSING THE HON. SCOTT McINNIS These ordinary people aboard Flight 93 were LINE? OF COLORADO thrown into an extraordinary and tragic situa- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion. When their plane as highjacked by al- HON. DOUG BEREUTER Qaeda terrorists, these brave souls made a OF NEBRASKA Wednesday, October 9, 2002 choice to fight back against terror. The citizens IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. MCINNIS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to on Flight 93 became soldiers, and in so doing Wednesday, October 9, 2002 pay tribute to an organization with a long his- denied the terrorists of their chosen target, tory in Colorado. The Maple Grove Columbine perhaps saving our cherished Capitol from the Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, this Member Club in Montrose, Colorado has served as a same fate as the World Trade Center. Mr. wishes to commend to his colleagues an edi- social network for its members as they have Speaker, in support of this letter, I submit it for torial from the October 5, 2002, edition of the Omaha World Herald, entitled ‘‘Plug the Flow come together to support each other, their the RECORD. It reads as follows: of ‘Incentives’ ’’ Gifts from drug companies do community, and their country for nearly a cen- President GEORGE W. BUSH, tury now. It is with is with great pride that I The White House, influence when and how much medicine is honor them today and share their heritage Washington, DC. prescribed. This Member recognizes that physician-pharmaceutical interaction can produce with my colleagues. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: We write as ordinary Since its inception as a women’s social or- citizens to ask that you lead our nation in some positive results, such as improved ganization in 1911, the Columbine Club’s ac- bestowing some measure of official honor knowledge of treatment for complicated ill- tivities have reflected the values that are at upon a tiny band of extraordinary citizens— nesses. However, interaction can also result in the heart of every American community. Es- the ones who stood up and charged the hi- negative outcomes, such as increasing pre- tablished in an era when the horse was still jackers of UAL Flight 93 over Pennsylvania scriptions for promoted drugs, while fewer the way to get around, the club traditionally on 9/11. generics are prescribed at no demonstrated has not held meetings during the summer There seems little doubt that these heroes advantage. months so the women could concentrate on spared America another devastating blow As we consider adding a prescription drug preparing their children for school and canning with their magnificent stand, possibly even a benefit to the Medicare program and begin to their gardens’ harvest for winter. Socially, the blow to the Capitol or the White House examine ways to control prescription drug club held annual husband’s banquets and itself. Thanks to you and others, everyone costs in the Medicaid program, it seems to Christmas parties to help bring people to- now knows their rallying cry, ‘‘Let’s roll!’’ me, that we need to ask the following ques- Surely, everyone with a heart shivered when tions: gether, as well as regular meetings in mem- they heard it, and the story behind it. bers’ homes. Their activities created lasting Are consumers obtaining good value for the friendships as some members have contrib- And now, Mr. President, how many even resources expended on new pharmaceuticals? uted to the club for over 50 years. remember their names? Are new prescription drugs on the market The Columbine Club’s activities reach be- According to press reports, they were Todd better, safer, and more effective than older yond just social gatherings, as members met Beamer, Jeremy Glick, Mark Bingham and drugs that have been on the market for quite to discuss and undertake blood plasma dona- Lou Nacke—ordinary yet rare men with the some time? tion during World War II and gathering goods guts to act when most would be paralyzed by Does the Government have a role in deter- fear. Perhaps investigators have identified mining more than simply the safety of new to distribute to those in need. The club is in- others who joined their uprising. If so, they deed full of commitment and perspective with and established drugs? remain anonymous and unacknowledged. All If so, does that role include evaluating clin- some members in their 80s still participating the sadder. and supporting their community. It is good to ical efficacy, convenience, and cost-effective- In a sense, sir, weren’t these men the first ness compared to current products? see that the club is as full of vitality today as combat casualties in our new war against when it was first founded 91 years ago. terrorism? The first to go hand-to-hand—and PLUG THE FLOW OF ‘‘INCENTIVES’’ Mr. Speaker, I stand today to honor this or- unarmed—against our attackers? They knew Pharmaceutical manufacturers have long ganization before this body of Congress and they were doomed. (‘‘I’m not going to get out realized that doctors are key to the health of our nation. The strong values and social of this,’’ Beamer told a cellphone operator.) their bottom lines. Now, using words like causes championed by the ladies of the Maple They could have curled up and gone pas- ‘‘fraud,’’ the federal government has indi- Grove Columbine Club reflect their commit- sively. But they also knew they could thwart cated it will try to shut off the flood of goodies that drug makers pour over the deci- ment to their community, their state, and their evil and spare many on the ground if they went down fighting. sion-makers who are in a position to pre- country. I am glad to bring this group’s history scribed their products. and accomplishments to the attention of this We respectfully suggest, Mr. President, Financial incentives to doctors, phar- body. that valor of this sort is in the grandest tra- macists or similar health care professionals ditions of American heroism—something f given to induce them to prescribe or rec- very special, on the order of that which gains ommend particular drugs or to switch pa- EXPRESSING SUPPORT OF OFFI- our military heroes the Medal of Honor. Yet tients from one drug to another are common CIAL RECOGNITION FOR THE HE- if anyone has proposed that this Nation ex- in the industry. But the practice could break ROES OF UNITED AIRLINES tend these men some tangible form of grati- federal fraud and abuse laws, according to of- FLIGHT 93 tude, something solid their loved ones could ficials at the Department of Health and touch and treasure, we haven’t heard of it. Human Services. The department is planning So we are asking you, sir, to consider be- to set standards that would ban such ‘‘in- HON. MAC COLLINS stowing such an honor at a fitting, proper centives’’ for a wide range of medical, insur- OF GEORGIA ceremony. Perhaps the Presidential Medal of ance and pharmacy workers who make drug decisions. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Freedom would be appropriate, perhaps some other award for ultimate service and valor. The most notable underlying problem is Wednesday, October 9, 2002 the high cost of many of the brand-name We still hope we are merely adding our let- drugs that are pushed hardest by the drug Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, I call to your at- ter to a growing stack. companies. These drugs, many of them with tention a letter I received from David and God bless you, Mr. President. equally effective, cheaper alternatives, are Gretchen Nagy and Donald Evans, Jr., of DAVID AND GRETCHEN profit centers for pharmaceutical companies. Burke, Virginia. The letter, addressed to Presi- NAGY, That means the companies are happy to shell dent George W. Bush, urges our government DONALD C. EVANS, JR. out for weekend trips, expensive meals or

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

VerDate 0ct<02>2002 04:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC8.000 E09PT1 E1802 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks October 9, 2002 other ‘‘incentives’’ for prescribing or switch- tions he has made to the community of Glen- Washington office for a legislative assistant for ing patients to the designated medication. wood Springs. agriculture. Lyndal was working on the Agri- Doctors, pharmacy benefit managers and Dr. Nutting was born in Delta, Colorado on culture Department communications staff at others who please the companies can be September 15, 1902. He studied pre-med at OSU, and I immediately thought of him for the hired as do-little ‘‘consultants’’ to the manu- Western State College in Gunnison and then facturers, sometimes for outrageously high position. Unfortunately, for me Lyndal declined pay. graduated from the University of Colorado the offer for family reasons—he had a preg- The new standards aren’t, in themselves, Medical School in 1929. Dr. Nutting moved to nant wife and young son, so the timing was laws. Companies that don’t follow them, Glenwood Springs after he caught word that not right for him to move to Washington. however, fact investigation under federal the local doctor in the city had passed away Later that year, however, I had another job fraud and kickback statutes, a Health and and the community needed a new physician. opening—this one in my Ada, Oklahoma, dis- Human Services official warned. A voluntary Dr. Nutting had a vigorous work ethic trict office. So, I contacted Lyndal again to ask code of conduct adopted last spring by the throughout his career, working seven days a him to join my district staff, and this time he industry apparently didn’t go far enough. week and constantly on call throughout the accepted. Prescription costs are rising steadily. No evenings, determined to be available to all his Lyndal Whitworth and I share a dedication reasonable person would deny the industry a fair profit. But some of the practices re- patients. He also maintained personal friend- to rural Oklahoma and a commitment to work- vealed by Health and Human Services are ships with his patients and he ran his office ing as hard as it takes and for as long as shifty, deceptive and just plain unethical. accordingly. He made certain that all patients needed to get the job done. Keeping up with We’re glad to see the feds trying to put a in need received the best medical care avail- me is no easy task, and Lyndal’s positive atti- stop to what amounts to bribery of medical able and nobody was turned away, regardless tude and dedication to me and my mission decision-makers. of their financial situation. On many occasions, made him a perfect fit as my district director. f Dr. Nutting accepted payments made with Lyndal frequently joined me in putting in 14, chickens, farm animals, and vegetables from 16 to 18 hours a day, helping on my primary TRIBUTE TO COLORADO AGRI- patients who had no other means of commission to improve the economic conditions of CULTURE COMMISSIONER DON pensation. the Third District of Oklahoma, historically the AMENT AND MR. BASIL STIEB Among Dr. Nutting’s most noted accom- most economically distressed area of the plishments were his contributions in the fund- State. HON. BOB SCHAFFER raising and construction of a larger, more Lyndal’s efforts in the district assisted my legislative efforts in Washington during my OF COLORADO modern hospital for the City of Glenwood time in Congress. Just a few of the many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Springs. The hospital was completed in 1955, providing the city with up-to-date facilities and projects for which Lyndal provided valuable Wednesday, October 9, 2002 more room to accommodate the city’s growing assistance include Winding Stair National Mr. SCHAFFER Mr. Speaker, I rise today to population. Due to the hands-on way in which Recreation Area, McGee Creek Reservoir, recognize Don Ament, the Colorado Agri- he did his job and the endless, heartfelt con- Wes Watkins Reservoir; the USDA Agriculture culture Commissioner and Mr. Basil Stieb of cern for his patients, Dr. Nutting became Research Station in Lane, the OSU Center for lliff, Colorado. Recently, both men appeared somewhat of a celebrity over the years. His International Trade Development, numerous on NBC Nightly News to educate Americans age and his years of dedication and service to highway and rural water projects, and count- about the tremendous devastation left by the the City of Glenwood Springs have made him less local economic development and busi- drought in our State. into an icon of community involvement. ness recruitment projects. Our efforts have During his tenure as the Colorado Ag Com- Mr. Speaker, it is a distinct honor to recog- been very successful. The Third district has missioner, Don Ament has worked tirelessly to nize Dr. Burtis Nutting before this body of made great strides, and today is transforming promote the issues that matter to rural Colo- Congress and this nation in commemoration of from a depressed welfare area to an active rado. He used his appearance on NBC Nightly his 100th birthday. Dr. Nutting and his family economic growth area. News to skillfully articulate the problems and can be proud of his achievements and the I have served in the House for a total of 20 possible solutions Colorado and other States years of irreplaceable service he has given to years, from 1977 to 1991 and from 1997 to plagued by drought face. I thank him for his the City of Glenwood Springs. I hope his years the present. Lyndal Whitworth has served on efforts to promote drought awareness. ahead will be as rewarding and endearing as my staff for sixteen of those twenty years. He Mr. Basil Stieb is a Colorado farmer who the one hundred he has been blessed with served his nation in the U.S. Army, worked for faces our State’s severe drought every day. thus far. Congratulations, Doc! the United States Senate, and served as a ci- He eloquently told his story to the American f vilian employee for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. I ask that the House join me in people on NBC, and provided a realistic pic- TRIBUTE TO LYNDAL WHITWORTH ture of the sacrifices farming and ranching thanking Lyndal Whitworth for his many years families across our nation are making due to of faithful public service and for a job well the drought. I thank him for his dedication to HON. WES WATKINS done. OF OKLAHOMA agriculture and his desire to educate others. f IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Residents of Colorado’s Fourth Congres- HONORING TRAVIS L. BROWN sional District, Don Ament and Basil Stieb are Wednesday, October 9, 2002 truly great Americans. I ask the House to join Mr. WATKINS of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, I HON. SAM GRAVES me in thanking them for their hard work and rise today to honor my district director, Lyndal OF MISSOURI commitment to solving the problems caused Whitworth. On October 20, 2002, Lyndal will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the drought in Colorado. retire from Federal service. Lyndal has been a Wednesday, October 9, 2002 f friend and partner in my efforts to help bring jobs and economic opportunities to the Third Mr. GRAVES. Mr. Speaker, I rise today PAYING TRIBUTE TO DR. BURTIS Congressional district, and he will be greatly along with my colleagues and the Congres- NUTTING missed by all who have known him and sional Fire Services Institute to honor a fallen worked with him. hero Travis L. Brown, on June 6th, 2001, Mr. HON. SCOTT McINNIS I first met Lyndal in the Spring of 1966 when Brown made the ultimate sacrifice in service OF COLORADO I was the high school and college relations di- for the Dearborn Fire Department and sur- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rector for Oklahoma State University. I was in rounding communities. Lamont, Oklahoma, for a Future Farmers of Mr. Brown had a soft spot for helping peo- Wednesday, October 9, 2002 America Banquet at Lamont High School, ple, which was evident in his career as a Mr. MCINNIS. Mr. Speaker, it is my distinct where Lyndal was a junior. Lyndal was a top nurse and volunteer firefighter. During his me- privilege to pay tribute to Dr. Burtis ‘‘Doc’’ Nut- student, and a fellow FFA officer, so I re- morial service more than two hundred fire- ting of Glenwood Springs, Colorado before cruited him to attend OSU, my alma mater. fighters, EMT personnel and members of po- this body of Congress and this nation. Dr. Nut- Lyndal went on the OSU, where he earned a lice departments from Kansas and Missouri ting has recently turned 100 years old and, as degree in agriculture and served in the student came in support of a fallen brother. Many kind he and his family celebrate this momentous government. words were shared at Mr. Brown’s memorial; occasion, I would like to recognize him for his In the Spring of 1978, during my freshman one colleague best described him as ‘‘...just a fascinating career and the incredible contribu- term in the House, I had an opening in my great guy, a very caring man.’’

VerDate 0ct<02>2002 04:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A09OC8.002 E09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1803 Mr. Brown’s contributions will be missed Ann has also been highly honored her for mained committed to regaining his strength dearly, as he is an irreplaceable member of her contributions to the field of nursing. She and energy. First, he began to try simply sit- the community. Mr. Brown was just doing his was awarded the 2001 Brown Foundation ting up and then slowly began attempting to job as thousands of volunteer firefighters do Award for Outstanding Nursing Service for her stand. Once on his feet, his next objective was everyday, sacrificing his life for the overall many years of excellence in service to nurs- to make it toward the gazebo in his yard and benefit of the community. It is he and the ing, the 2001 AORN Outstanding Achievement watch his kids play. Finally, he began to gain thousands in his field that we thank and ap- Award for Perioperative Patient Education, the enough strength to walk around the neighbor- preciate tremendously. Texas Nurses Association’s Outstanding hood, first with the aid of his son and then fi- Travis L. Brown leaves behind a wife Nurse in the Houston Area for 1993, the nally on his own. Tammy and five children Amanda, Alissa, SOHN Honor Awards in 1993, 1997, and Today, Mr. Simons has regained his April, Roth, and James who will all truly miss 1999, and has consistently been recognized strength and has summited many of the this fallen hero. Our condolences go out to as a Who’s Who in American Nursing. world’s most technical mountains, including their family as we again remember his dedica- However, Ann’s talents go beyond nursing. Mt. Rainier (14,441 feet elevation), Mexico’s tion to his community and his family. She has received numerous awards for her Pico de Orizaba (18,401 feet elevation), and Mr. Speaker, please join me in honoring and writing, including first prize at both the 1993 Mt. Kilamanjaro (19,434 feet elevation). He recognizing a true American hero, Travis L. and 1995 SOHN Literary Awards. She has has also been very open about his condition, Brown. served on the Editorial Boards of several pro- speaking out, hoping to bring awareness of f fessional nursing journals including AORN the disease and to inspire others who are TRIBUTE TO ANN MCKENNIS Journal, ORL-Head & Neck Nursing, and fighting the same illness. Last summer, Mr. Si- Nursing Avenues and has published more mons led a group of people living with MS on HON. KEVIN BRADY than twenty-six pieces on nursing technical an expedition to Mt. Denali and came very practice, ethics and care. close to summiting the 20,000-foot peak but OF TEXAS Ann continually works in the community per- were prevented due to high winds, brutal cold IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forming a variety of tasks to encourage people and deep snow. However, the attempt and ac- Wednesday, October 9, 2002 both young and old the importance of health complishment it represents is the true summit Mr. BRADY of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise care in lives—and most notably, working to of achievement. today to pay tribute Ann McKennis who later discourage the use tobacco products. Among Mr. Speaker, it is a distinct privilege to rec- this month will be retiring from nursing after her many activities, she has worked annually ognize Eric Simons before the body of Con- more than 41 years of service. Ann is not only at the Houston Rodeo to promote the gress and this nation for his outstanding com- a constituent, but someone I am proud to call ‘‘Through With Chew’’ program to diminish the mitment, optimism, and resolve. Mr. Simons my friend. use of smokeless tobacco products and confronted the uncertainties that life presented During her distinguished career in the nurs- serves as a support team with local him and, through sheer determination, has ing profession, Ann McKennis has worked tire- laryngectomee patients who have lost their transformed them into his greatest achieve- lessly to assist her patients and community vocal chords due to throat cancer. ment. By meeting this challenge head-on and with a selfless commitment to professionalism, Mr. Speaker, Ann McKennis has spend all making defeat an impossibility, Mr. Simons excellence, and compassion. She has also of her career working to selflessly support and has not only resumed his daily lifestyle but made it here goal to advance nursing care for care for others. I therefore urge my colleagues has inspired others with similar difficulties to the both the caregiver and patient, alike. Most to join me in wishing Ann McKennis much luck stay active and continue to live their lives. importantly, what makes Ann a great nurse in all her future ventures and thanking her for f and special person is that she believes that her fine contribution to nursing for more than the role of a nurse is not only devoting hours forty years. However, I am certain her support SAME SONG AND DANCE on the job to the care of patients, but a life- and compassion are sure to continue long time role through which she can work to im- after she retires. HON. DOUG BEREUTER prove the lives of all of those she comes into f OF NEBRASKA contact. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Since moving to Texas in 1985, Ann has PAYING TRIBUTE TO ERIC SIMONS served as a surgical staff nurse in the Oto- Wednesday, October 9, 2002 laryngology Operating Room of The Methodist HON. SCOTT McINNIS Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, this Member Hospital in Houston, Texas. During this time OF COLORADO wishes to commend to his colleagues an edi- Ann McKennis has not only excelled within the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES torial from the October 3, 2002, edition of the medical environment—demonstrating an un- Lincoln Journal-Star entitled, ‘‘Don’t Allow Wednesday, October 9, 2002 wavering commitment to her patients and co- Saddam To Play Games.’’ workers—but also has worked to advance the Mr. MCINNIS. Mr. Speaker, it is with great Saddam has provided no one in the inter- nursing profession and improve the level of enthusiasm that I recognize Mr. Eric Simons national community with any reason to grant nursing care throughout our state, nation and of Boulder, Colorado for his tremendous cour- him concessions on the terms of a new U.N. around the world. She was recently elected to age and optimism in the face of some of life’s weapons inspections regime, and yet the the Nominating Committee of the National So- most disheartening circumstances. In 1995, United Nations continues to acquiesce to ciety of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Mr. Simons was diagnosed with multiple scle- Saddam’s efforts to block a new weapons in- Nurses (SOHN) and currently serves as the rosis and initially suffered many disabling con- spection regime from having unfettered access Chairman of its Government Relations Com- sequences. Today, I wish to commend Mr. Si- to possible weapons sites in Iraq. Indeed, the mittee. Additionally, Ann is a member of the mons on his recovery efforts and convey his United Nation’s actions only further erode the American Nurses Association, as well as of inspiring story before this body of Congress. institution’s credibility. When will the U.N. quit the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Interest Group Mr. Simons has been an avid mountain allowing itself to be duped by Saddam? at the Royal College of Nursing in Great Brit- climber throughout his life and has reached DON’T ALLOW SADDAM TO PLAY GAMES ain, the International Association of the summit of many of the world’s highest peaks. In 1995, Mr. Simons returned home It’s not surprising that Saddam Hussein Laryngectomies and the Harper Hospital tried to negotiate his way out of surprise in- Alumni Association in Detroit, Michigan. after climbing the prestigious Sandstone Cliffs spections at his palaces. But it is surprising In Texas, Ann is a member of the Texas of Eldorado Canyon when his neck started how quickly he got his way with United Na- Nurses Association and Texas Council of Op- getting stiff and his body began to go numb. tions officials. erating Room Nurses (TCORN); has served Following this initial attack, Mr. Simons also And it’s even more surprising that U.N. of- three terms as President of the Greater Hous- suffered from organ failure, losing over 40 ficials would pat themselves on the back for ton Chapter of SOHN, as well as spending pounds and much of his previous strength. an agreement that granted Saddam such an four two-years terms as Chairman of its Legis- Once able to climb some of the most rigorous important concession. lative Committee; and has served as President The United States and the rest of the world and technical mountains in the world, Mr. Si- cannot afford to allow Saddam to play those of the North Harris County Chapter of the As- mons found himself unable to climb out of sorts of games—again. sociation of Operating Room Nurses (AORN), bed. U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell where she also served on three of its commit- Undaunted by his deteriorating health, Mr. summed it up well. ‘‘We will not be satisfied tees—Legislative, Research, and Policy. Simons began to set goals for himself, and re- with Iraqi half-truths or Iraqi compromises,

VerDate 0ct<02>2002 04:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09OC8.005 E09PT1 E1804 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks October 9, 2002 or Iraqi efforts to get us back into the same the story of our country’s military and the leg- authorities. Not surprisingly, Federal agencies swamp they took the United Nations into.’’ acy of our veterans to the American people have failed to achieve the 3 percent goal. Access to Saddam eight palaces is crucial through their ‘‘living history’’ programs, dis- Compared to their non-veteran peers, vet- because they are large sprawling complexes erans have postponed the opportunity to begin that cover a combined total of 12 square playing and flying World War II, Korean, and miles. The sites contain sumptuous living Vietnam-era planes and helicopters. These a small business while serving the nation in quarters with vistas of man-made lakes and ‘‘living history’’ programs presented at major uniform. During their military service veterans waterfalls. Authorities also suspect they public venues and air shows are designed to have forgone establishing essential business contain bunkers, quite possibly military con- honor our country’s military and its’ veterans credit and contacts which are pivotal to suc- trol centers and perhaps laboratories for ex- while inspiring the public and giving them a cessfully starting a business. Due to their mili- perimenting or manufacturing nuclear de- glimpse of military life, service, and devotion tary service, our veterans are technically, an vices and other weapons of mass destruction. to the next generation. economically disadvantaged group compared Before weapons inspectors were pulled out Since 1997, the Army Aviation Heritage to their non-veteran peers. Veterans have will- of Iraq, they were permitted to visit the palaces only with advance warning and in the Foundation has devoted more than 150,000 ingly sacrificed their lifetime earning potential presence of a diplomat. These rules often volunteer hours and $5.3 million in donated to serve our nation in uniform. This is particu- were stretched so that Iraqis had days to funds, aircraft, and equipment in 35 air shows larly so for service-disabled veterans who move, conceal or destroy evidence. and public presentations to more than 5.5 mil- have sacrificed their mobility, health and well- In the last two years during which inspec- lion people. being serving this country. tors were active in Iraq, inspectors were The foundation is acting to provide Amer- Service-disabled veterans are additionally barred entry to more than 60 sites. More ica’s veterans a voice with which to tell their economically disadvantaged given the reluc- than 40 of those sites were Saddam’s presi- story and the tools with which to share their tance of many lenders to extend lines of busi- dential compounds. ness credit to handicapped individuals. Re- Despite the constant delays and harass- legacy of service and devotion with the Amer- ment, inspectors were successful in finding ican public. gardless of their abilities, when financial insti- evidence of four nuclear weapons projects The Army Aviation Heritage Foundation has tutions perceive a service-disabled veteran to and manufacture of high toxic nerve gas VX. four primary purposes: be a greater risk, service-disabled veterans Their success should have given the United (1) Educate the American public to their are further disadvantaged. Service-disabled Nations ample reasons to take a strict line military heritage through the story of U.S. veterans and handicapped individuals, in gen- with Saddam. Army Aviation’s soldiers and machines. eral, are often perceived by society to be less Ultimately his foot-dragging and posturing (2) Connect the American soldier to the capable. Like others, service-disabled vet- paid off. He was able to peel away support on erans and handicapped individuals simply the U.N. Security Council for a tough re- American public as an active, accepted, and sponse on inspections. The temporary sus- admired member of the American family. need the opportunity to demonstrate their pension of weapons inspections stretched (3) Inspire patriotism and motivate Ameri- skills and abilities. This legislation provides into years. cans everywhere toward service to their com- that opportunity which for many is not other- It it had not been for the challenge Presi- munity and country by involving them in our wise available. dent George W. Bush presented the United nation’s larger military legacy. Service-disabled veterans and other handi- Nations earlier this month to force Saddam (4) Preserve authentic examples of Army capped individuals are discriminated against to live up to its own resolutions, resumption aircraft and utilize them in educational ‘‘living both in financial markets, relative to their ac- of weapons inspections still would be a for- history’’ demonstrations and presentations so cess to capital, and in the marketplace, rel- gotten issue. ative to opportunities to equally compete. It is It’s discouraging that United Nations offi- that the symbols of America’s military legacy cials seem to have so quickly forgotten their may always remain in our skies for future gen- therefore in this sense, and in no other, that previous misstep with the crafty dictator. erations. service-disabled veterans and other handi- The Bush administration is amply justified House concurrent Resolution 465 recog- capped individuals are economically and so- in taking a hard line against concessions nizes and applauds the Army Aviation Herit- cially disadvantaged. that would permit Saddam to renew his old age Foundation for their efforts to educate, To provide service-disabled veterans real tactics. The United Nations has been there connect, inspire, and preserve our proud mili- opportunity, this legislation provides a time-de- and done that. This time is member nations tary heritage for future generations. limited preference in the award of Federal need to insist on inspections that truly are contracts. The existing statutory vehicle which unfettered. Mr. Speaker, I applaud the efforts of the Army Aviation Heritage Foundation, and their provides a time-delimited preference is the f hundreds of volunteers and supporters, and 8(a) program under the Small Business Act. 8(a) was specifically established to assist eco- RECOGNIZING APPLAUDING AND urge passage of House Concurrent Resolution nomically and socially disadvantaged small SUPPORTING THE EFFORTS OF 465. business firms compete in the Federal market- THE ARMY AVIATION HERITAGE f place. This bill adds both service-disabled vet- FOUNDATION SERVICE-DISABLED VETERANS’ erans and other handicapped individuals to SMALL BUSINESS FEDERAL PRO- the list of identified individuals presumed to be SPEECH OF CUREMENT PREFERENCE ACT OF socially and economically disadvantaged HON. MAC COLLINS 2002 under the Small Business Act 8(a) Program. OF GEORGIA In order to not lessen the opportunities for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. LANE EVANS individuals already presumed to be socially and economically disadvantaged under the Monday, October 7, 2002 OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Small Business Act 8(a) Program, this legisla- Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, based in Hamp- tion retains the existing 5 percent goal for ton, Georgia, the Army Aviation Heritage Wednesday, October 9, 2002 these groups. It also provides a separate 3 Foundation is devoted to promoting the history Mr. EVANS. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro- percent goal for service-disabled veteran of military aviation. The foundation is an all ducing H.R. 5583, ‘‘Service-Disabled Veterans’ owned small business firms and a separate 2 volunteer non profit organization composed of Small Business Federal Procurement Pref- percent goal for other handicapped individuals. veterans and civilian supporters acting to con- erence Act of 2002.’’ This bill would provide These changes increase the aggregate goal nect the American soldier to the American service-disabled veterans and ‘‘other handi- for the award of Federal contracts to socially public through the story of Army Aviation. capped’’ individuals who own small business and economically disadvantaged small busi- They are not a part of the U.S. Army and re- firms a time-delimited preference in the award ness firms to 10 percent. ceive no governmental funding assistance. of Federal contracts. Paralleling the newly specified goals for Their funding comes entirely from donations This legislation is clearly needed. While the small business concerns owned and controlled made by private individuals and organizations. Veterans Entrepreneurship and Small Busi- by both veterans and other handicapped indi- These volunteers are committed to preserving ness Development Act of 1999 established a viduals, the Government-wide goal for partici- the aircraft used by our military in securing the 3 percent goal for the award of Federal con- pation by small business concerns is in- freedom we so enjoy as a nation. tracts to servcie-disabled veteran-owned small creased. The total value of all prime contracts The Army Aviation Heritage Foundation vol- business firms under the Small Business Act, and subcontracts awarded to small business unteers devote a significant amount of their no practical means exists for Federal agencies concerns each fiscal year is increased from 23 personal time, resources, and money to bring to achieve this goal under existing statutory percent to 28 percent.

VerDate 0ct<02>2002 04:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A09OC8.007 E09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1805 Last and not least, the Service-Disabled arship fund and serving on the board of direc- record, had I been present, I would have Veterans’ Small Business Federal Procure- tors. He was also a very talented actor, the voted: No. 442—‘‘yea;’’ No. 443—‘‘yea;’’ and ment Preference Act of 2002, requires all Fed- most noticeable role he played was Teddy No. 444—‘‘yea.’’ eral agencies to establish agency-specific pro- Roosevelt and he was able to capture person- curement goals for small businesses, and ality of our 26th president to perfection. Mr. f each category of small businesses, that are at Chaffin was also active in other volunteer ac- RECOGNIZING THE CONTRIBU- least equal to legislatively specified govern- tivities including the Glenwood Springs Lions TIONS OF THE THOMAS-DALE ment-wide goals. Currently, all goals specified Club, the Frontier Historical Society, the BLOCK CLUB for the award of Federal contracts under the Mountain Valley Weavers and many others. Small Business Program are to be achieved Mr. Speaker, it is with respect that I recog- HON. BETTY McCOLLUM collectively by all Federal agencies on a gov- nize the life and passing of Mr. Bob Chaffin OF MINNESOTA ernment-wide basis. Each Federal agency, on before this body of Congress and this nation the other hand, is only required to establish for all the wonderful contributions he has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES goals which reflect the maximum practicable made to the community of Glenwood Springs. Wednesday, October 9, 2002 opportunity for small business concerns to I extend my sincere condolences to his wife Ms. MCCOLLUM Mr. Speaker, I am honored participate in the contracts that it awards. It is Joan and his son David during this trying pe- to recognize the immeasurable contributions therefore of little surprise that the achievement riod. Mr. Chaffin truly was a unique and re- made by the Thomas-Dale Block Club to the of SBA procurement goals, both across gov- markable person and his years of service as Thomas-Dale neighborhood throughout its ernment and by individual Federal agencies, both a lawyer and a community activist has twelve years of service. The Block Club en- are significantly less than those specified in touched the lives of countless individuals couraged neighbors to get to know one an- existing statute. throughout the Glenwood community and the other, to welcome and respect each others’ Again, this legislation will benefit service-dis- entire state of Colorado. differences, and to work together to make the abled veterans and other handicapped individ- f neighborhood safe and clean. Through coordi- uals without adversely impacting any other nating individual block clubs, organizing com- preference group. This legislation can help REMEMBERING CAPTAIN LARRY F. LUCAS munity meetings, facilitating communication open the door to opportunity for service-dis- between residents and local government, and abled veterans which has been closed too developing programs for youth and seniors, long. I urge my colleagues to support and co- HON. SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO the Thomas-Dale Block Club helped transform sponsor this important legislation. OF WEST VIRGINIA a once neglected neighborhood into one of the Mr. Speaker, I also gratefully acknowledge IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES most vibrant communities in Saint Paul, Min- the assistance Pam Corsini has provided with Wednesday, October 9, 2002 nesota. It is my sincere pleasure to extend the development of this legislation. A Brook- congratulations to the Thomas-Dale Block Mrs. CAPITO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in ings Institution LEGIS Fellow, Pam has been Club on its numerous accomplishments. working with the Democratic Staff of the remembrance of Captain Larry F. Lucas, House Committee on Veterans Affairs and has United States Army. Captain Lucas, originally f made many invaluable contributions to the from Marmet, West Virginia, served his country bravely in Vietnam as an Army Pilot. Sadly, PAYING TRIBUTE TO LELAND PAT work of the Committee and Congress. We are DURAND, JR. fortunate to have received her contributions while on a reconnaissance mission over Laos, and assistance. Thank you, Pam, for a job Captain Lucas’ plane was shot from the sky well done. by anti-aircraft fire in December of 1966. Fol- HON. SCOTT McINNIS f lowing military regulations, Captain Lucas or- OF COLORADO dered his co-pilot to eject from the plane first. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PAYING TRIBUTE TO BOB CHAFFIN Regrettably, other pilots who witnesses the Wednesday, October 9, 2002 crash saw only one parachute. Despite ap- HON. SCOTT McINNIS pearing to have remained in the plane, the Mr. MCINNIS. Mr. Speaker, it is with great OF COLORADO Army would not conclude that Captain Lucas admiration that I recognize the life and pass- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had perished. ing of Mr. Leland Durand Jr. of Cortez, Colo- Captain Lucas never returned to the United rado. Mr. Durand, known to his family as Pat, Wednesday, October 9, 2002 States alive. After many years his remains recently passed away in September and as Mr. MCINNIS. Mr. Speaker, it is with deep were miraculously found near the crash site a his family mourns their loss, I would like to appreciation that I rise and pay tribute to the few months ago. His remains have been pay tribute to his achievements and the irre- life and passing of Mr. Bob Chaffin of Glen- transported back to the United States and on placeable contributions he made to his com- wood Springs, Colorado. Mr. Chaffin recently November 1, 2002 he will receive a full mili- munity and to his country. passed away in September and as his family tary burial at Arlington National Cemetery. Mr. Durand was born on February 14, 1923 mourns their loss, I would like to pay tribute to Mr. Speaker, I firmly believe that our na- in Bozeman, Montana. As a young man, Mr. his life and memory and the outstanding way tion’s strength as a world power comes from Durand enlisted in the United States Army and in which he lived it. citizens like Captain Lucas. From an early served in our nation’s military with honor, Mr. Chaffin served the Glenwood Springs age, he displayed signs of strong leadership. courage, and distinction. Mr. Durand was one community as an attorney specializing in cor- As an eagle scout in his childhood and then of the first of those heroic individuals who porate and real estate law. As a lawyer, Mr. as an ROTC cadet at West Virginia University, stormed the beach at Normandy on D-Day in Chaffin served his clients and his profession Captain Lucas further developed these strong 1944. He was later wounded in Germany in with honor, dignity, and sincerity. He was qualities. Captain Lucas’ service to his nation another engagement and received a purple voted by residents throughout the community will never be forgotten. heart in recognition for the service and sac- as the best honest attorney and was either the It is an honor to commend Captain Lucas rifice he had made to his country. Mr. Durand winner or the runner up, from 1999 through on his service to the United States and to the also received the Medal of Freedom from the 2002. Many citizens throughout the community state of West Virginia. French Government just two years ago at a believed his heartfelt intentions were based f ceremony in Cortez, Colorado. out of genuine respect and regard for those After the war, Pat continued to serve his whom he served and who sought his counsel. PERSONAL EXPLANATION country in a variety of other ways. In 1949, he Despite the time constraints of a very de- began working in oil explorations and in 1966 manding career, Mr. Chaffin found the time to HON. JOE KNOLLENBERG opened his own oil and uranium exploration give back to his community through many OF MICHIGAN business, the Durand Drilling Company. He types of volunteer activities. Mr. Chaffin was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was a member of the American Legion for 50 one of the founding members of Defiance years and was a member of the NRA through- Community Players, a local theatrical group Wednesday, October 9, 2002 out his entire life. A lifetime gun enthusiast, that performed plays for the residents of Glen- Mr. KNOLLENBERG. Mr. Speaker, on Octo- Mr. Durand became a skilled gunsmith and wood Springs. He participated in the group by ber 7, 2002, I was unavoidably absent and built and repaired guns at his own business in painting and moving sets, managing the schol- missed rollcall votes Nos.442–444. For the Cortez, Colorado

VerDate 0ct<02>2002 04:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A09OC8.009 E09PT1 E1806 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks October 9, 2002 Mr. Speaker, it is with deep respect that I It was 76 years ago that Governor John H. Mr. Speaker, I congratulate Rabbi Henry recognize the life and passing of Mr. Leland Trumbull laid the cornerstone at 76 Winter Okolica and Congregation Tephereth Israel on Pat Durand before this body of Congress and Street. Since that time, Tephereth Israel has their respective anniversaries and the renova- this nation for the sacrifices he has made to been a center of rich, spiritual devotion and al- tion of their spiritual home. I ask the House to his country, for the protection of freedom and ways encouraged and recognized service to join me in wishing them the very best for the democracy throughout the world. My sincere the community. The congregation became the future. condolences go out to his former wife Harriet first in Greater Hartford to make religious edu- f Durand, their two children Harry and Theresa, cation available to students regardless of their and his many grandchildren and great grand- financial circumstances, and over many years HONORING THE TWENTY-SIX children. Mr. Durand truly was an American provided an environment for spiritual growth TEACHERS FROM THE PITTS- hero, his loss will be deeply felt and a grateful that gave our city many valued leaders. Per- BURGH PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM nation will be forever in his debt. haps the most famous was Governor Abraham WHO COMPLETED THE RE- SEARCH EXPERIENCE FOR AN f Ribicoff. Governor Ribicoff, whose father was one of the early presidents of Tephereth Israel URBAN TEACHERS INSTITUTE VETERANS’ COMPENSATION COST- Synagogue, became the first Jewish governor OF-LIVING ADJUSTMENT ACT OF of the state of Connecticut, and served as HON. MICHAEL F. DOYLE 2002 Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare as OF PENNSYLVANIA

SPEECH OF well as a United States Senator. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When the sanctuary’s interior was destroyed Wednesday, October 9, 2002 HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL by fire in 1963, the New Britain community OF NEW YORK was moved to help rebuild it, so great was Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to ex- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their admiration for Rabbi Okolica and press my most sincere congratulations to the Monday, October 7, 2002 Tephereth Israel. Today, 370 people are me- twenty-six teachers from the Pittsburgh Public morialized upon the walls of the Synagogue, a School System who completed the Research Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in fitting tribute to past members and a reminder Experience for an Urban Teachers Institute support of H.R. 4085, legislation to increase to the congregation’s contribution to our com- (REUTI) this summer, which was hosted in the rates of compensation for veterans with munity. part by Carnegie Mellon University. These service-connected disabilities and the rates of Since 1960, Rabbi Henry Okolica has been teachers in an effort to improve the quality of dependency and indemnity compensation for devoted to his faith, his congregation and to education they provide to the students of the the survivors of certain disabled veterans. helping countless people in need. He has Pittsburgh Public Schools, received valuable As we debate the validity of committing been a friend to innumerable individuals and training that they will implemented in their young Americans to another conflict overseas an inspiration to families throughout the state. classrooms this fall. I feel it is important to support legislation hon- For 40 years, Rabbi Okolica hosted the tele- Their successful completion of this five- oring our commitment to care for those dis- vision show, ‘‘Jewish Life,’’ welcoming as his week program which instructs middle and high abled in past service to our country. guests all religious persuasions on a wide va- school teachers to become more proficient in Many of our disabled veterans find them- riety of topics. The conversations reflected his the teaching of math, science, and engineer- selves unable to keep pace with the cost of thoughtful, generous character. he would con- ing, clearly demonstrates their dedication to living as they advance in age. This is espe- clude each broadcast with a plea to viewers to their field and to the children that they impact cially true for those who must rely on prescrip- be generous in their contributions and mindful on a daily basis. This knowledge will improve tion drugs to mitigate the effects of their serv- of those less fortunate. I am proud to share the educational experience of students across ice-connected disabilities. These veterans my hometown with Rabbi Okolica and Con- the Pittsburgh School System and help pro- must often choose between food, shelter, and gregation Tephereth Israel, and honored to vide them the tools they will need as they con- medication. I support the provisions of this bill represent them in the United States Congress. tinue their education and move into careers of designed to mitigate these adverse economic On October 13, 2002, the congregation and their own. conditions experienced by our disabled vet- community will be celebrating their history and At a time when our Federal Government erans. a dramatic renovation of their temple with a has recommitted itself to improving our na- It is extremely important that we support ceremony at Tephereth Israel. Past and tion’s schools and increasing our student’s those who have secured our freedom in the present clergy will be honored at the celebra- proficiency in math, science, and engineering, past. As we debate the possibility of war we tion, including Reverend Elias Rosenbeger, these teachers have proven themselves to be most honor past obligations. Rabbi Joseph Aronson, Rabbi Jacob leaders in their field. Their efforts, together f Weitzman, Cantor Sholom Nelson, Reverend with other dedicated teachers across our na- HONORING CONGREGATION Max Prager, Reverend Elifant Rabbi Arnold tion, will help our students to again be among TEPHERETH ISRAEL OF NEW Heisler and Cantor Melvin Etra. the top scoring student in the world. I encour- BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ON ITS This special event will be more than a cele- age them to bring these new skills to not only SEVENTY-SIXTH ANNIVERSARY, bration for the congregation. It will be a re- their students, but to their colleagues so they AND RABBI HENRY OKOLICA, membrance by the whole community of the may work together to provide the best edu- FOR HIS FORTY-TWO YEARS OF history of New Britain, for the founders of cation possible. OUTSTANDING SERVICE TO Tephereth Israel represent some of New Brit- The partnership that was formed between TEPHERETH ISRAEL ain’s most active citizens and friends of the Carnegie Mellon University and the City of community. Many came to America in search Pittsburgh Schools through REUTI dem- HON. NANCY L. JOHNSON of relief from persecution in their native lands onstrates the importance of all levels of edu- in Eastern Europe and Russia. These were cation working toward the common goal of OF CONNECTICUT highly learned individuals, having studied in providing a higher quality education to the stu- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES acclaimed Talmudic schools throughout Rus- dents in our community. Through this collabo- Wednesday, October 9, 2002 sia, Poland and Lithuania. One such early rative effort, Carnegie Mellon researchers Mrs. JOHNSON of Connecticut. Mr. Speak- New Britain resident was Benjamin Marholin, a opened their laboratories and offices to pro- er, I rise to acknowledge the 76th Anniversary grocery store owner and man of culture who vide a welcoming environment for the teachers of Congregation Tephereth Israel in New Brit- was the uncle of celebrated American com- who were able to participate fully in ongoing ain, Connecticut, and the achievements of poser Irving Berlin. Another was Jonas Gold- research activities. As a result of the coopera- Rabbi Henry Okolica, who is celebrating 42 smith, whose daughter Anna would become tion from Carnegie Mellon University, these years of dedicated service to the congrega- one of the organizers of the New Britain Chap- teachers were able to get a better under- tion. I congratulate Rabbi Okolica, the con- ter of Hadassah. Dr. Morris Dunn became a standing of the culture of scientific research. gregation and all their friends. We are proud tireless advocate on behalf of Zionist causes, This experience is something that will assist of their dedication and grateful for their many helping New Britain to become one of the these teachers in educating their students decades of service to our community and ac- most active centers of Zionism in the nation. about the daily work of a scientist. knowledge with gratitude their successful re- All of these men and women overcame the Once again, I would like to offer my sincere furbishment of their beloved temple, one of odds through their belief in this country and congratulations to each of the twenty-six our city’s landmarks. their unfaltering faith. teachers from the Pittsburgh area who have

VerDate 0ct<02>2002 04:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\K09OC8.005 E09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1807 dedicated themselves to continuing their own Dave Mihalic has served 33 years protecting of being sued has encouraged an overabun- education in an effort to improve the quality of and managing America’s National Parks. His dance of paperwork in order to document the the education they provide to our region’s stu- career with the Park Service ends at the helm school’s compliance with the law. When did dents. of our nation’s crown jewel, Yosemite National ‘‘process’’ overshadow the importance of ac- f Park. As superintendent of Yosemite, Dave tual quality instruction and results? proved his strength and fairness in imple- When a principal testifies that their IEP RECOGNITION OF PASTOR PAUL menting a long-stalled management plan. Yo- Teams spend an average of 83.5 hours filling GOLATT semite holds a dear place in my heart and I out paperwork in preparation to sit down for want to thank Dave for both his friendship and an Individualized Education Plan, IEP, with a HON. CARRIE P. MEEK leadership in the park. student’s parents—something makes me won- OF FLORIDA Dave was a seasoned leader even before der about the 83.5 hours taken away from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Yosemite. He served as the assistant super- classroom instruction time. IEP’s are of course Wednesday, October 9, 2002 intendent of the Great Smoky Mountains Na- an important aspect of IDEA, but there can be Mrs. MEEK of Florida. Mr. Speaker, I rise tional Park in North Carolina and Tennessee, some commonsense reforms put in place to today to commend a dedicated Pastor and and superintendent of Glacier National Park in reduce the redundancy of the process. The ‘‘IDEA Paperwork Reduction Act of leader in my district as he celebrates his fif- Montana, Mammoth Cave National Parka in 2002’’ will call for a study by the Department teenth Pastor’s Appreciation Day on October Kentucky and Yukon-Charley National Pre- of Education to be furnished within 6 months 6th, 2002. serve in Alaska. Among his many manage- Pastor Paul Golatt, Jr. is the Pastor of Mac- ment accomplishments, Dave established cru- of authorization to determine where the bur- edonia Church of God in Christ and the Su- cial community relationships and park partner- den is stemming from, and provide sugges- perintendent of the North Miami District of the ships, earning him two ‘‘Superintendent of the tions to mitigate the issue. The Department Church of God in Christ. He also serves his Year Awards’’ and a reputation as a leader will be required to issue a streamlined IEP for community as an employee for the United who gets things done. In addition to running school districts to use as a model. It will also States Postal Service. several of our National Parks, Dave also call for a pilot program for 10 states to enter Pastor Paul Golatt, Jr. was ordained by helped here in Washington, DC, when he into an agreement with the Department of Bishop Jacob Cohen in Fort Pierce, Florida worked as Chief of Policy in the Department of Education to perform their own paperwork re- during the Jurisdictional Holy Convocation in the Interior. duction programs to see if any reforms can 1969. After many sermonettes, faithful serv- Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor Dave stem from State innovation. The legislation will ices and training under the leadership of the Mihalic for his vision and unending pursuit of implement a pilot program to create a 3-year late Pastor Paul Golatt Sr., he was appointed National Park protection. I invite my col- IEP review process. This would allow the the first Assistant Pastor of the Macedonia leagues to join me in thanking him for his process to occur at natural transition points for Church of God in Christ. Upon the passing of many contributions to our National Lands and the child instead of every year, but there will his father and Pastor in December 1987, Paul wishing him and his family continued success. always be a safeguard in place for parents to Golatt, Jr. was appointed Pastor of Macedonia f request an IEP review at any point within the 3 years to ensure that their child is receiving Church of God in Christ. On September 4, INTRODUCTION OF THE IDEA PA- 1999, he was officially appointed and installed all of the services they deem necessary. PERWORK REDUCTION ACT OF These commonsense reforms included in as District Superintendent of the North Miami 2002 District Church of God in Christ, by the Juris- the ‘‘IDEA Paperwork Reduction Act of 2002’’ dictional Prelate, Bishop Jacob Cohen. will ensure that IDEA is results-driven, not Pastor Paul Golatt, Jr. continues to devote HON. RIC KELLER process-driven. The legislation will improve the his life by extending benevolence to people in OF FLORIDA academic achievement of special education need. In addition to providing churches and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES students, while also doing away with an overly communities with school supplies for children, Wednesday, October 9, 2002 prescriptive and burdensome process for he frequently donates food, clothing and teachers. It will enable teachers to save valu- Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to in- able classroom instruction time for exactly money to communities and to orphanages in troduce the ‘‘IDEA Paperwork Reduction Act Haiti. He also finds the time to conduct joint that—classroom instruction. I encourage my of 2002.’’ This legislation will increase the colleagues to call my office to cosponsor the services on holidays, including Easter, quality instruction time a teacher can spend Thanksgiving and Christmas, with neighboring ‘‘IDEA Paperwork Reduction Act of 2002.’’ with their students in the classroom while also Thank you and I reserve the balance of my churches. ensuring that special education students are Pastor Paul Golatt, Jr. is a remarkable man time. receiving a quality education. whose personal achievement and community f Due to the approaching reauthorization of service are an example to us all. He is a fa- the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, INTRODUCTION OF THE IDEA PA- ther, Superintendent, Mail Carrier, an Organ- IDEA, I went and toured local schools in my PERWORK REDUCTION ACT OF ist, Choir Director, Recording Artist, Coun- district of Orlando, FL last year to get a first- 2002 selor, Secretary, Singer, Jurisdictional Adju- hand understanding of the problems that par- tant, caring and compassionate Shepherd, ents, teachers and administrators face imple- praying servant and ‘‘A Man After God’s Own HON. JOHN A. BOEHNER menting a successful special education pro- Heart’’. (Jeremiah 3:15) OF OHIO gram. I heard many familiar complaints being Mr. Speaker, I am proud to recognize Pas- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES made about discipline and funding of the pro- tor Paul Golatt, Jr. for his humanitarian efforts gram, but what really took me by surprise was Wednesday, October 9, 2002 which have touched the lives of so many peo- when a teacher took me into an office where Mr. BOEHNER. Mr. Speaker, today I am ple. I ask my colleagues to join me in honoring he showcased a typical day’s work of filing out proud to join my colleague Representative RIC this congenial man of God. His faith, courage all of the required forms for a special edu- KELLER in introducing the IDEA Paperwork Re- and kindness are an inspiration to all who cation student. I was shocked to learn that duction Act of 2002. This legislation will go a have been touched by him. teachers spend so much of their time com- long way in providing school districts and ad- f plying with process instead of being able to ministrators the relief they need from the IDEA HONORING DAVID MIHALIC teach and assist students in the classroom. paperwork burden, and in reducing time spent I think I speak on behalf of most Members by teachers on non-instructional activities, as HON. GEORGE RADANOVICH here, when I say that IDEA was never in- required under the Individuals with Disabilities OF CALIFORNIA tended to take teachers’ time away from the Act (IDEA). classroom, rather it was intended to make One year ago, the House Education and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sure that special education students were able Workforce Committee began an aggressive Wednesday, October 9, 2002 to receive the same classroom instruction as series of hearings exploring major issues that Mr. RADANOVICH. Mr. Speaker, I rise their general education peers. Unfortunately, would likely be addressed in the Committee’s today to honor Dave Mihalic, a true leader in over time the paperwork trail has grown as reauthorization of IDEA. Numerous witnesses the National Park Service, as he approaches states and local districts try to ensure that they at these hearings testified about the need for his January 3, 2003 retirement. have complied with the federal law. The threat the Department of Education to identify and

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simplify burdensome regulations under IDEA Representative KELLER’s proposed amend- against illegal drug use. The drug menace is and for Congress to adopt statutory changes ments to IDEA will help bring good teachers to truly a threat to our homeland security. that would provide relief to the nation’s special classrooms by identifying and simplifying bur- f education and general education teachers who densome statutory provisions in IDEA, and it dedicate their careers to educating children will do so while preserving the quality of edu- RECOGNIZING ACHIEVEMENTS AND with special needs. cation provided to children with special needs. LIFE OF DR. ROBERTO CRUZ The goal of this Committee is to ensure that They are innovative, provide much-needed all students receive a quality education. Cur- flexibility to the nation’s special education sys- HON. ZOE LOFGREN rently, teachers are forced to spend too much tem, and will be, I believe, non-controversial in OF CALIFORNIA time on an overwhelming paperwork burden nature. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and not enough time on important needs, like This legislation streamlines and increases Wednesday, October 9, 2002 lesson plans and parent-teacher conferences. the effectiveness of many provisions within This bill will help teachers move beyond sim- Ms. LOFGREN. Mr. Speaker, today, I rise to IDEA. It directs the Secretary of Education to recognize the achievements and life of Dr. Ro- ply having enough time to comply with regula- identify, develop, and disseminate model tions and allow them to focus on what is really berto Cruz, founder and first President of the forms for individualized education programs National Hispanic University (NHU) in San important, reach achievement for our students (IEPs), procedural safeguard notices, and prior with special needs. The current paperwork Jose, California. I am proud to have known Dr. written notice report requirements that incor- Cruz for over 20 years, and have seen first structure provides a real threat to ensuring porate all relevant federal statutory and regu- that the maximum available resources are fo- hand tireless work to establish and expand latory requirements under IDEA. In addition, NHU, one of only three Hispanic universities in cused on a quality education for students with the legislation allows states that receive funds special needs. the nation, and the only one west of Chicago. under Part B of IDEA to permit local edu- Currently, there’s a growing shortage of Born and raised in Corpus Christi, Texas, cational agencies in each state to develop a qualified teachers, particularly in special edu- Dr. Cruz received his bachelor’s degree from cation. Special education teachers are being three-year IEP (in lieu of an annual IEP) for Wichita State University in 1964 thanks to a driven out of the profession in frustration over each child with a disability. Representative football scholarship. A star middle linebacker the seemingly endless stream of red tape and Keller’s bill would also create a pilot program and center, Dr. Cruz passed on opportunities paperwork associated with IDEA. This year, allowing the Secretary to waive paperwork re- to play football professionally in order to teach President Bush signed the No Child Left Be- quirements under IDEA to 10 states based on junior high school in Stockton California. Seeing the need to improve the educational hind Act into law. NCLB requires that all chil- their proposals for reducing paperwork and system, he went on to earn his doctorate from dren with special needs who attend federally non-classroom time spent fulfilling statutory the University of California at Berkeley in funded schools have the opportunity to learn and regulatory requirements. These initiatives, 1971. That same year, he established the Bay from a highly qualified special education and others in the bill, will promote innovation Area Bilingual Education League (BABEL), a teacher. States must submit a plan to ensure and provide much-needed flexibility for states consortium of schools and educational institu- all special education teachers are highly quali- as they implement IDEA and its accompanying tions developing bilingual education for stu- fied by the end of the 2005–2006 school year. federal, state, and local regulations. dents in Oakland and Berkeley. by 1976 he We must do all we can to ensure that every The IDEA Paperwork Reduction Act of 2002 was an education professor at Stanford Uni- child with special needs is receiving a quality will take us one step closer to reducing bur- versity, where he was appalled at how few education. densome rules under IDEA and allowing In our hearings, the Committee heard from teachers and administrators the time to do Latinos enrolled at colleges. In 1981, Dr. Cruz and a group of loyal sup- school principals, administrators, and others their job of educating children with special porters established The National Hispanic Uni- voicing frustrations with their schools’ efforts to needs more efficiently and effectively. I urge versity in a two-room building in Oakland, Cali- provide services to students as required by my colleagues to support this legislation. fornia. The goal was to address the learning their individualized education programs (IEPs) f when paperwork requirements compete with needs of Hispanics and other minorities, espe- EXPRESSING SUPPORT FOR PRESI- available instructional time. In Fairfax County, cially non-native English speakers. Over the DENT’S 2002 NATIONAL DRUG Virginia, for example, professionals spend on last 20 years, he has built NHU into a quality, CONTROL STRATEGY average 83.5 hours on paperwork for a stu- accredited, private four-year university for all. In the few weeks before he passed away on dent who qualifies for service under IDEA, SPEECH OF September 4, San Jose’s planning commis- from initial referral to development of the sion approved his ambitious proposal to trans- IEP—all this before a student even starts to HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL form the private college, housed in an old ele- receive services under IDEA. As one principal OF NEW YORK mentary school, into a three-story, $18 million testified at a hearing earlier this year, ‘‘teach- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ers find themselves between a rock and a full-fledged university campus. Monday, October 7, 2002 A few weeks earlier, NHU made history by hard place . . . with unyielding demands becoming the first Hispanic four-year univer- made on their time. When something gives, Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in sity to be accredited by the prestigious West- the impact is either on the teacher or the stu- advocation of H. Res. 569, legislation express- ern Association of Schools and Colleges dent, two of our most valuable resources.’’ ing support for the President’s 2002 National According to the Council for Exceptional Drug Control Strategy to reduce illegal drug (WASC), an organization that only accredits Children (CEC), ‘‘too often in special edu- use in the United States. 155 colleges and universities from among cation practice, compliance-related docu- Nearly 20,000 Americans, many of them 3,000 institutions in the region. With this ac- mentation is stressed over thoughtful decision- children, die from drug related incidences creditation NHU joins Stanford and the Univer- making for children and youth and their fami- every year. This ongoing drug menace is the sity of California as a nationally and regionally lies. No barrier to delivering quality services is gravest threat to our youth whether they are accredited and recognized institution. more problematic to special educators than killed by drug overdoses or are caught in the Dr. Roberto Cruz left us a legacy of young paperwork.’’ CEC estimates that 4 hours of crossfire of rival drug gangs. people who have a future because, through pre-meeting time is needed for review and re- When some claim that Iraq poses the most the power of education, he let them have one. He proved that Si se puede! vision of the average IEP going into each IEP imminent threat to our national security, I see meeting. In addition, CEC reports that a ma- a more imminent threat in the well-established f jority of special educators estimate that they link between the profits from illegal drug deal- RECOGNIZING THE ACHIEVEMENTS spend a day or more each week on paper- ing and the financing of many of the world’s OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON work, and eighty-three percent report spending leading terrorist organizations. These organi- ITS NATIONAL DAY from half to one-and-a-half days per week in zations include the Taliban, al-Qaeda, and the IEP-related meetings. Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colom- HON. DARRELL E. ISSA Teacher quality is perhaps the most impor- bia. OF CALIFORNIA tant factor in ensuring the progress of students It is because of these threats that I am IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with special needs. We’re asking a lot of proud of the efforts of law enforcement in the America’s special education teachers, and eradication of illegal drug use. In supporting Wednesday, October 9, 2002 they deserve our full support. That’s why Rep- this bill we honor the efforts of those who fight Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to con- resentative KELLER’s bill is so important. on the front lines of the Nation’s struggle gratulate President Chen Shui-bian, Vice

VerDate 0ct<02>2002 04:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A09OC8.019 E09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1809 President Annette Lu, and the People of Tai- We must continue to work towards a na- sound, thereby proving the feasibility of wan on Taiwan’s National Day. Since escap- tional network for Amber Alerts so that law en- manned supersonic flight. General Yeager ing the clutches of Communist China in 1949, forcement can use Amber Alerts across state also set another aviation record six years later the people of Taiwan have made great strides lines. The Senate passed an excellent bill in by flying to Mach 2.44 in the X–IA. He contin- economically, politically, and socially. Taiwan September that would do just that. The House ued to test experimental aircraft at Muroc Air has become a bastion of democracy and an Judiciary Committee had a chance to pass Force Base (now Edwards Air Force Base) economic power in East Asia. They have that bill, H.R. 5326, on the House floor yester- until 1954. These noteworthy acts, as well as made this progress because they have com- day. his testing of hundreds of different aircraft dur- mitted themselves to building the institutions Instead, they unfortunately chose to pass ing his career, are well worth our praise and that are so important to democracy and the H.R. 5422, the Child Abduction Prevention accolades. preservation of freedom. They have also liber- Act. While this bill contained the non-con- Brig. Gen. Yeager not only set records, but alized their economy, conformed to the stand- troversial Amber Alert provisions, it also con- he also helped establish a unique program at ards of international business, and earlier this tained far more controversial provisions con- Edwards Air Force Base to train military test year, gained acceptance into the World Trade cerning death penalties, mandatory minimum pilots as astronauts. In 1962, he was selected Organization. They should be commended for sentences, wiretap extensions, pre-trial re- as the commandant of the new U.S. Air Force proving to the world that democracy, free mar- lease, and a whole host of other unrelated Aerospace Research Pilot School (now the ket economics, and hard work are the keys to provisions which will impede this bills chance U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School), serving at success in today’s world. of final passage in the Senate. It was a poor this post until 1966. Despite his retirement But Mr. Speaker, we should not recognize decision by the House leadership that will from the military in March of 1975, Brig. Gen. Taiwan’s achievements without also thanking doom the Senate’s good work. Yeager has continued to fly in the annual Ed- them for their partnership in containing China’s At the White House Conference on Missing wards Air Force Base Open House and Air expansionist tendencies. For over fifty years and Exploited Children last week, President Show and serve the U.S. Air Force as a flight the Taiwanese have stared down China’s Bush announced that the Justice Department test consultant. He will be taking to the skies threats of invasion and annexation, choosing would develop a national standard for the again this year for the show, just like he al- instead to build a modern, free society and, Amber Alert, and named a new Amber Alert ways has, in what will be his last flight as pilot most importantly, choosing to be our friend. coordinator at the Justice Department who will of an Air Force aircraft. They have played a key role in containing the work on increasing cooperation among state In addition to his accomplishments as a test specter of Communism in East Asia. We and local plans. Congress must pass legisla- pilot and mentor, he is also a decorated com- should never forget that. I am pleased to have tion to give the new coordinator the legal au- bat veteran. After being shot down during this opportunity to recognize Taiwan on their thority; funding and programmatic guidelines World War II over occupied France on his day of national celebration and I congratulate needed to effectively perform his duties and eighth mission, he returned to fly 56 more them on all they have achieved. help to protect our children. combat missions and total 12.5 aerial vic- f It is impossible to overstate the importance tories. His heroics in WWII, his achievements THE POLLY KLAAS FOUNDATION of AMBER Alert legislation. The statistics and in flight testing, and his service as a combat the facts are clear: Amber Alerts are already commander during the Vietnam War earned HON. LYNN C. WOOLSEY being credited with saving the lives of 31 chil- him a Presidential Medal of Freedom and a dren around the country. But the real people, OF CALIFORNIA special peacetime Medal of Honor. On the oc- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the real stories, the real lives saved are far casion of Brig. Gen. Yeager’s last military more convincing than any statistic. Just look in flight, I ask that you join me in saluting one of Wednesday, October 9, 2002 the eyes of the parents of the two Riverside, our nation’s greatest aviation pioneers. Ms. WOOLSEY. Mr. Speaker, Polly Klaas California teenagers whose lives were saved f was a vibrant, talented child, full of life with because of the Amber Alert, and you will know the promise of a bright future. When she was why this law is so important. HONORING THE RATIFICATION OF kidnapped at knifepoint from her bedroom I am proud of the Polly Klaas Foundation ‘‘THE U.S.-CYPRUS MUTUAL slumber party on October 1, 1993, in my and would like to thank the foundation for all LEGAL ASSISTANCE TREATY’’ hometown Petaluma, California, our commu- of the hard work they have been doing to nity responded with an unprecedented effort to enact Amber Alert programs. HON. GEORGE W. GEKAS find her. The Polly Klaas Foundation was Mr. Speaker, we still have time in this legis- OF PENNSYLVANIA formed October 23, 1993, to help continue lative session to bring the Senate bill to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that search for Polly. House floor, and we should do just that. Every Wednesday, October 9, 2002 Following the discovery of her murderer, the day that a national Amber Alert system is not Foundation adopted a new mission: ‘‘Make in place, is another day that law enforcement Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Speaker, it is my great America Safe For Children.‘‘ As part of their and the public have inadequate tools and re- pleasure to recognize a new step in American- efforts, they’ve been working hard at the state sources needed to protect our children. Cypriot relations. On September 18, 2002, the level to enact Amber Alert plans. Amber Alerts f United States and the Republic of Cyprus rati- empower the community to take action—im- fied ‘‘The U.S.-Cyprus Mutual Legal Assist- mediately. From Southern California to St. HONORING THE ACCOMPLISH- ance Treaty’’ bringing these two nations even Louis to Philadelphia, the recent wave of child MENTS OF BRIGADIER GENERAL closer together to fight the war on terrorism. abductions has kept our nation riveted, angry, CHARLES E. ‘‘CHUCK’’ YEAGER This Treaty provides for many provisions and scared for the safety of our children. The that will fight not just global terrorism, but also Amber Alert Plan is a voluntary cooperative HON. WILLIAM M. THOMAS organized crime and drug trafficking. In par- program between law enforcement agencies OF CALIFORNIA ticular, the Treaty will allow the two countries and local broadcasters that sends emergency IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to more effectively coordinate the transfer of alerts to the public when a child has been ab- persons in custody, execute searches and sei- ducted. Amber Alerts leap into action in the Wednesday, October 9, 2002 zures, share documents and intelligence mate- first crucial hours of a kidnapping when the Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I rise to pay rials, identify persons of interest to authorities, tracks left by the abductor are still fresh. Like tribute to Brigadier General Charles E. and prosecute a wide range of criminal of- a modern day, high-speed Paul Revere, ‘‘Chuck’’ Yeager. I congratulate him on his pio- fenses. Amber Alerts spread the word fast so we don’t neering work in the field of aeronautics and The PATRIOT Act, which I worked hard to have to rely on slower methods like handing thank him for his many contributions to our advance and was passed into law late last out flyers, or word of mouth for news of the country over the past 60 years. year, complements this treaty well. The PA- abduction to catch on from one city to the Brig. Gen. Yeager became the first man to TRIOT Act facilitates cooperation between the next. ever break the sound barrier on October 14, United States and foreign governments in the Just two months ago, only 14 states had 1947. This feat was accomplished in the ex- areas of information and intelligence sharing. statewide Amber Alerts. Now, thanks in part to perimental Bell X–1, called ‘‘Glamorous With this Treaty now ratified and the PATRIOT the Polly Klaas Foundation, 28 states have Glennis,’’ which is now on display at the Act made into law, the U.S. and Cyprus are in statewide Amber Alerts. However, our work is Smithsonian Institution. He was able to suc- an excellent position to put an end to the evil far from done. cessfully pilot his aircraft above the speed of and cowardly actions of terrorists everywhere.

VerDate 0ct<02>2002 04:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A09OC8.022 E09PT1 E1810 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks October 9, 2002 In so many ways this Treaty will help the hospitals in the 1940’s and was influenced by passed by a voice vote H.R. 5385, The Mis- peoples of the free world work together to de- the British geriatric day hospital model in the cellaneous Trade and Technical Corrections feat terrorism. While it may have gone unno- 1950’s. Adult day care began in psychiatric Act. H.R. 5385 included provisions of H.R. ticed, this new Treaty adds to the shared mis- day hospital in the United States in the late 5002, which amends the United States-Israeli sion of the peoples of the Republic of Cyprus 1940’s, mainly assisting patients who were re- Free Trade Area Implementation Act of 1985 and the United States. It also builds on efforts leased from mental institutions. The concept of to allow for the designation of Israeli-Turkish with which I have been involved. Our Judiciary day care was expanded to include supportive qualifying industrial zones. Committee considered and promoted the PA- health and social services for impaired per- TRIOT Act. sons residing in the community in the 1960’s. Designation of Turkish qualifying industrial We must mention also the cooperation of These programs have grown rapidly over the zones will dramatically expand Turkish access the Cypriots’ ally, Greece. Greece has put the last 3 decades, from a handful in the late to U.S. markets through duty-free exports to very dangerous November 17th organization 1960’s to an estimated 4,000 today. the United States. out of commission. Together Greece and Cy- Obviously, this growth reflects a need. With As someone who believes that free and fair prus are working to crack down on terrorist the decline in our family structure, we do not trade provides great opportunities and benefits groups. see as many large families in which there is to the American people, I have supported a always someone available to take care of an Mr. Speaker, today I want to commend the number of free trade agreements during the older family member. Families are often sepa- U.S. and Cyprus for reaching a new era in past two years. We live in an increasingly diplomatic relations and international coopera- rated by great distances because of work. Even if grown children live near their parents, global economy and our future progress de- tion. Together, I am confident we can more ef- pends on our ability to take advantage of that fectively put a stop to the villainous acts of the husband and wife frequently have to work fact. However, we must also make sure our criminals and terrorists around the world. to support the family. This leaves no one available to help with an elderly parent. in trading partners adhere to the rules of fair f these instances, adult day care is every bit as play. PERSONAL EXPLANATION important to the family as child care. Knowing Unfortunately, this legislation would reward that someone is there to perhaps transport the Turkey, despite its nine-year illegal blockade HON. ALCEE L. HASTINGS parent to day care, make sure that the parent of Armenia, which, according to World Bank takes his or her medicine and generally super- OF FLORIDA estimates, has cost Armenia between $500 vise and engage the interest of the elderly and $720 million annually. These figures, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES parent means a great deal. which represent one quarter to one third of Ar- Wednesday, October 9, 2002 Adult day care has taken on increased sig- menia’s entire economic output, are stag- nificance as a means of taking care of elderly Mr. HASTINGS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, gering. from September 20, 2002 through October 8, individuals who have physical or mental limita- 2002, I was absent from the House of Rep- tions. These people are not candidates for Turkey’s blockade has also taken a human resentatives proceedings because I was ful- skilled nursing home care, but they require toll on Armenia’s three million population. As a care from a compassionate and knowledge- filling my duties as a member of Helsinki Com- result of the blockade, hundreds of thousands able individual. Quite often their families can- mission and Vice President of the Parliamen- of Armenians have been forced to leave their not provide this care on a continuous basis, tary Assembly of the Organization for Security country and many of those that have remained but with the help of day care, both the parent and Cooperation in Europe. have been forced into poverty. and the family caregiver benefit. While serving in this capacity, I missed roll- I am particularly impressed with the idea of Instead of rewarding one ally to the det- call vote Nos. 424 through 447. Had I been adult day care in the plan of care for elderly riment of another, we should continue to press present for these votes, I would have voted citizens with Alzheimer’s disease. These elder- Turkey to end its blockade and establish for- the following way: No. 424, ‘‘yes’’; No. 425, ly patients often receive the very worst of care mal diplomatic and trade relations with its ‘‘yes’’; No. 426, ‘‘yes’’; No. 427, ‘‘no’’; No. 428, in nursing homes if they are accepted, and neighbor to the east. We should also seriously ‘‘yes’’; No. 429, ‘‘no’’; No. 430, ‘‘no’’; No. 431, they present one of the most difficult chal- consider a meaningful bilateral trade agree- ‘‘yes’’; No. 432, ‘‘yes’’; No. 433, ‘‘no’’; No. 434, lenges for family members who are not trained ment with Armenia. Such a mutually-beneficial ‘‘no’’; No. 435, ‘‘no’’; No. 436, ‘‘no’’; No. 437, to work with the elderly. Studies have shown trade agreement would not only help strength- ‘‘no’’; No. 438, ‘‘no’’; No. 439, ‘‘yes’’; No. 440, that patients suffering from Alzheimer’s dis- en Armenia’s economy, but will increase the ‘‘no’’; No. 441, ‘‘no’’; No. 442, ‘‘yes’’; No. 443, ease seem to be best handled in a small demand for American products. U.S. compa- ‘‘yes’’; No. 444, ‘‘yes’’; No. 445, ‘‘yes’’; No. group setting under the care of those with 446, ‘‘no’’; No. 447, ‘‘yes’’. nies and joint ventures working in Armenia are both medical and psychiatric training. With the primary sources of demand for U.S. goods f elderly person in this setting, the whole family and services in Armenia. TRIBUTE TO ADULT DAY CARE can receive some relief and be better able to continue to properly care for their relative. In order to make sure that free trade is also Mr. Speaker, I want to take this opportunity fair trade, one trading partner should not be HON. BOB RILEY to salute those who tirelessly provide Adult allowed to impede the economic well being of OF ALABAMA Day Care to our elderly citizens. another trading partner. We cannot and should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES f not adopt a trade policy that simply under- Wednesday, October 9, 2002 mines our commitment to an ally, such as Ar- MISCELLANEOUS TRADE AND menia, which during the past decade has Mr. RILEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS ACT adopted a free market economy and has im- tribute to Adult Day Care on the occasion of OF 2002 plemented critical reforms in trade and mone- the Annual Conference of the Alabama Adult tary policy. banking and property rights. Day Care Association in Auburn, Alabama, on SPEECH OF October 11, 2002. HON. ADAM B. SCHIFF We can take full advantage of trade oppor- Adult day care programs provide health and tunities without placing our nation and others OF CALIFORNIA social services in a group setting on a part- in a race towards the lowest common denomi- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES time basis to frail older persons and other per- nators. H.R. 5385 falls far short of our resolve sons with physical, emotional, or mental im- Monday, October 7, 2002 to help allies such as Armenia and the other pairments. Adult day care in the United States Mr. SCHIFF. Mr. Speaker, on October 7, former Soviet republics become full partners in was inspired by the European psychiatric day 2002, the U.S. House of Representatives the global economy.

VerDate 0ct<02>2002 04:40 Oct 10, 2002 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K09OC8.006 E09PT1 October 9, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1811 SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS 112/Shipboard Hazard and Defense Directors of the Overseas Private In- Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, (SHAD) tests. vestment Corporation. SR–232A SD–419 agreed to by the Senate on February 4, 10 a.m. 2:30 p.m. 1977, calls for establishment of a sys- Commission on Security and Cooperation Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs tem for a computerized schedule of all in Europe International Trade and Finance Sub- meetings and hearings of Senate com- To hold hearings to examine U.S. policy committee mittees, subcommittees, joint commit- toward the Organization for Security To hold hearings to examine U.S. policy tees, and committees of conference. and Cooperation in Europe. and the role of the international com- This title requires all such committees 334 Cannon Building munity concerning instability in Latin Intelligence to notify the Office of the Senate Daily America. To continue joint closed hearings to ex- SD–538 Digest—designated by the Rules com- amine activities of the United States mittee—of the time, place, and purpose intelligence community in connection OCTOBER 16 with the September 11, 2001 terrorist of the meetings, when scheduled, and 10 a.m. attacks on the United States. any cancellations or changes in the Appropriations S–407 Capitol meetings as they occur. Treasury and General Government Sub- 11 a.m. As an additional procedure along committee Indian Affairs with the computerization of this infor- To hold hearings to examine the appro- To hold hearings to examine S. 2986, to priateness of U.S. companies moving mation, the Office of the Senate Daily provide for and approve the settlement their headquarters to offshore tax ha- Digest will prepare this information for of certain land claims of the Bay Mills vens. printing in the Extensions of Remarks Indian Community, Michigan. SD–192 section of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SR–485 Foreign Relations on Monday and Wednesday of each To hold hearings to examine Angola. OCTOBER 11 week. SD–419 Meetings scheduled for Wednesday, 9 a.m. October 9, 2002 may be found in the Armed Services Daily Digest of today’s RECORD. Closed business meeting to consider pending military nominations. POSTPONEMENTS MEETINGS SCHEDULED SR–222 OCTOBER 10 OCTOBER 10 OCTOBER 15 3:30 p.m. 9:30 a.m. 10:30 a.m. Judiciary Armed Services Foreign Relations Crime and Drugs Subcommittee Personnel Subcommittee To hold hearings to examine the nomina- To hold hearings to examine protecting To hold hearings to examine the Depart- tion of Collister Johnson, Jr., of Vir- seniors from fraud. ment of Defense’s inquiry into Project ginia, to be a Member of the Board of SD–226

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