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Historic Landscape/Archaeology

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Historic Landscape/Archaeology 13. HISTORIC LANDSCAPE/ARCHAEOLOGY 13.1 Introduction and Scope of Study 13.1.1 This historic environment assessment has been researched and prepared by Philip Bethell of CgMs Consulting for Harmers Ltd., on behalf of Glamorgan Power Ltd. 13.1.2 The assessment considers land at Varteg Hill, Varteg Road, Pontypool, Torfaen (Fig. 1). The proposed development area (hereafter referred to as the PDA) is centred at NGR SO 26170 06080, and is approximately 60ha in extent. The PDA is the subject of a planning application to Torfaen County Borough Council, (ref. 14/P/00290), for the reclamation of coal from the site. 13.1.3 In accordance with Welsh Government policy on archaeology and planning (Chapter 6 of Planning Policy Wales), and the adopted ‘Torfaen Local Development Plan to 2021’, this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the PDA. 13.1.4 Planning policy (see below) requires that an appropriate assessment should be carried out to assess and identify the archaeological resource, the setting on any statutorily protected landscapes or features, and propose any further mitigation necessary. 13.1.5 Further detail of scope was given in written responses by advisors to the local planning authority. This detail was clarified by discussions with the council advisors. The resulting guidance on the scope of this study is as follows: Judith Doyle, Acting Planning Manager for Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust: Supported the updating of the previous desk-based assessment and stated that the impact on the archaeological resource needs to be measured, and the impact on the Blaenavon World Heritage Site needs to be addressed (written response TOR0112/JBHD 9th June 2014, discussion on site 28th August 2014). Stephen Peel, Senior Building Conservation Officer, Torfaen County Borough Council: Comments were restricted to issues relevant to an EIA screening opinion, but centred on the need to assess impacts on the upper part of the Varteg Incline and the associated tramways and railway track layouts which are likely to be destroyed by the development. This may have an impact on the significance of the World Heritage Site. Potential impacts on the interaction between the PDA and the Cwmavon Conservation Area also need to be assessed. Potential impacts on the significance of the listed 4339/1/ARM Environmental Statement Harmers Limited Glamorgan Power November 2014 -233- Varteg Hill building Carlo’s Grave also need to be assessed (written response to Norman Jones, Torfaen County Borough Council, 23rd June 2014; discussion by telephone 3rd September 2014). Neil Maylan, Cadw (seconded from GGAT): Concurred in general that the impacts on the World Heritage Site need to be addressed. Agreed that an ASIDOHL2 assessment of the impacts was not required (discussion by telephone 28th August 2014). Adele Davies, Cadw: Supported the review and updating of the DBA. Also noted the need to consider impacts on the registered historic landscape and the World Heritage Site. Specifically noted that the Varteg Hill Colliery Incline Catch Pit has been determined to be of national importance, and has been recommended for scheduling as monument MM354. This asset needs to be assessed (written response to Norman Jones, Torfaen County Borough Council, 19th June 2014). 13.1.6 Accordingly, this study has focussed on the issues highlighted above. The report has sought to combine assessment of the impacts on the archaeological interest on the site, with assessment on the settings of built heritage and landscape assets, in order to give an overall picture of the potential impact on the historic environment as a whole. 13.1.7 In line with the IfA Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk- Based Assessment (IfA 2012), the assessment includes the results of a site inspection, an examination of published and unpublished records, and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise. 13.1.8 The study has been restricted to a 1km radius beyond the limit of the PDA. This has been selected in the interests of clarity and brevity. The proximity of the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape World Heritage Site (BILWHS) and the Blaenavon Registered Landscape of Outstanding Historical Interest mean that any impact arising on these assets will be felt within 1km of the PDA, and it is therefore considered that assessment of impacts beyond this radius is not necessary. 13.1.9 As a result, the assessment enables relevant parties to assess the significance of heritage/archaeological assets on and close to the PDA and assesses the potential for hitherto undiscovered archaeological assets, thus enabling potential impacts on assets to be identified along with the need for design, civil engineering or archaeological solutions. It also assesses the nature and scale of impacts on the settings of assets that are not directly impacted by the development. 4339/1/ARM Environmental Statement Harmers Limited Glamorgan Power November 2014 -234- Varteg Hill 13.2 Relevant Statutory and Planning Policy Framework Ancient Monuments & Archaeological Areas Act 1979 13.2.1 The Ancient Monuments & Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (as amended) protects the fabric of Scheduled Monuments, but does not afford statutory protection to their settings. Relevant policies relating to the protection of the setting of scheduled monuments are contained within national and local development plan policy. Current best-practice guidance for assessing and managing change within the setting of heritage assets has been published by English Heritage in ‘The Setting of Heritage Assets’ (English Heritage 2011). Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) (Wales) Regulations 2012 13.2.2 The Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 sets out policies relevant to the protection of listed buildings and conservation areas and their setting. The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Wales) Regulations 2012 has updated the mechanisms for implementation of the 1990 UK Act in the Welsh context, without altering the main provisions of the Act. 13.2.3 The following sections of the main Act are relevant to the site: • Section 66(1) states: ‘In considering whether to grant planning permission for development which affects a listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses’. • Section 69 of the Act requires local authorities to define as conservation areas any ‘areas of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance’ and Section 72 gives local authorities a general duty to pay special attention ‘to the desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of that area’ in exercising their planning functions. These duties are interpreted as requiring local authorities to consider the settings of buildings within the conservation area and the setting of the conservation area itself. 4339/1/ARM Environmental Statement Harmers Limited Glamorgan Power November 2014 -235- Varteg Hill Policy Background World Heritage Convention 13.2.4 The UK is a signatory to the World Heritage Convention, published by UNESCO in 1972. The Convention underpins the use of the World Heritage Site designation to recognise the international importance of sites of cultural and natural heritage. While designation as a World Heritage Site is not a statutory protection in its own right, it is a material consideration within the planning process. Planning Policy Wales 13.2.5 The Welsh Government has published Planning Policy Wales (PPW), currently updated to Version 7 from July 2014. This sets out the land use planning policies of the Welsh Government. It is supplemented by a series of Technical Advice Notes (TANs). Procedural advice is given in circulars and policy clarification letters. 13.2.6 Chapter 6 of the PPW, entitled ‘Conserving the Historic Environment’, provides policy for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of Chapter 6 can be summarised as seeking to: • preserve or enhance the historic environment, recognising its contribution to economic vitality and culture, civic pride and the quality of life, and its importance as a resource for future generations; and specifically to • protect archaeological remains, which are a finite and non-renewable resource, part of the historical and cultural identity of Wales, and valuable both for their own sake and for their role in education, leisure and the economy, particularly tourism; • ensure that the character of historic buildings is safeguarded from alterations, extensions or demolition that would compromise a building’s special architectural and historic interest; and to • ensure that conservation areas are protected or enhanced, while at the same time remaining alive and prosperous, avoiding unnecessarily detailed controls over businesses and householders. 13.2.7 Chapter 6 of PPW does not define the historic environment beyond stating that it encompasses archaeology and ancient monuments, listed buildings, conservation areas and historic parks, gardens and landscapes. 4339/1/ARM Environmental Statement
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