FACILITATINGFACILITATING IWRMIWRM ININ PLANNINGPLANNING andand IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION

FEBRUARY 2008 DEPARTEMEN PEKERJAAN UMUM DIREKTORAT JENDERAL SUMBER DAYA AIR BALAI BESAR WILAYAH SUNGAI BENGAWAN SOLO Jl. Solo – Kartosuro Km. 7, PO Box No. 267 Telp. (0271) 7 16428, Fax : (0271) 716428 SURAKARTA – 57102 FLOWCHARTFLOWCHART OFOF PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION 1. Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam (1982) 2. Wonogiri Irrig. Project (1987) 3. Wonogiri Irrig. Extension (1990) 4. Various irrig. dam constr. Proj Big Flood Disaster in 1966 5. Various irrig. Rehab. Projects 6. Upper Solo R. Improv.Proj (1994) Bengawan Basin 7. R. Urgent Flood Control Agency is established, 1969 Project (1995) 8. Lower Solo River Improvement Project (2003) Bengawan Solo River Basin Development Master Plan, 5 Components, 29 activities: 1974 (OTCA) 1. Promote Water Resources Development 2. Strengthen Watershed Management Review Master Plan, 1974 (OTCA) is 3. Strengthen Water Quality Management CDMP(Comprehensive 4. Strengthen Flood Control Management Development and Management Plan) 2001 5. Strengthen Institutional Framework of Water Resources Management FLOWCHARTFLOWCHART OFOF PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION 5 Components, 29 activities: Some Activities : 1. Promote Water Resources Development 1. Urgent Countermeasure For 2. Strengthen Watershed Management Sedimentation of Wonogiri 3. Strengthen Water Quality Management Multipurpose dam Reservoir 4. Strengthen Flood Control Management 2. Studi on Countermeasure For 5. Strengthen Institutional Framework of Sedimentation of Wonogiri Water Resources Management Multipurpose dam Reservoir

Some Results of the study : 1. Document of Village Land Conservation Plan in 29 Villages, Gemawang Village is included 2. This plan is done by Participatory Rural Approach (PRA) methode. Persepsi is a NGO who appointed as partnership institution in the process of Village Land Conservation Plan

Implementation of the Village Land Conservation Land by GNKPA BengawanBengawan SoloSolo RiverRiver Basin:Basin: The Bengawan Solo River is the largest river on the island of . It drains a watershed area of around 16,100 km2, discharging into the Java Sea to the north of Surabaya after travelling about 600 km from the Sewu mountain ranges to the south-west of Surakarta.

The Bengawan Solo River basin is geographically divided the upstream basin into two sub-basins, namely the Upper Solo River basin of 6,072 km2 in the west and the Madiun River basin of 3,755 km2 in the east. The downstream basin is called the Lower Solo River basin with a drainage area of 6,273 km2 and a river length of 300 km from Ngawi to its outfall. BengawanBengawan SoloSolo RiverRiver BasinBasin TerritoryTerritory

These adjacent river basins are components of Bengawan Solo River basin territory, called the Satuan Wilayah Sungai (SWS) Bengawan Solo as shown in the Location Map. The total area amounts to around 19,780 km2 comprising major watershed areas: a. Bengawan Solo River basin of 16,100 km2, b. Grindulu and Lorog River basins in Pacitan of 1,520 km2, c. Small river basins in the north coastal area of 1,440 km2, and d. Lamong River basin of 720 km2. BengawanBengawan SoloSolo RiverRiver BasinBasin TerritoryTerritory

No. River Basin River basin Area 1. Bengawan Solo River Basin 16.100 Km2 2. Grindulu, Teleng and . Lorog River Basin 1.520 Km2 3. Lamong River Basin 720 Km2

4. Small river basins in the north coastal area 1.440 km2 BengawanBengawan SoloSolo RiverRiver BasinBasin TerritoryTerritory

No Province Regency / Municipality 1. Regencies : Boyolali, Klaten, ( 9 regencies/ Sukoharjo, Wonogiri, Karanganyar,Sragen, municipalities) Karanganyar,Sragen, municipalities) Blora, Rembang, Municipality : Surakarta ,

2. Regencies : Pacitan, Ponorogo, ( 11 regencies/ Madiun, Magetan, Ngawi, Bojonegoro, municipalities) Ngawi, Bojonegoro, municipalities) Tuban, Lamongan, Gersik, Municipalities : Madiun,and Surabaya, MasterMaster PlanPlan inin 19741974

TheThe MasterMaster PlanPlan inin 19741974 (( OTCAOTCA )) emphasizedemphasized basinbasin--widewide waterwater resourcesresources developmentdevelopment comprisingcomprising variousvarious multipurposemultipurpose damdam projects,projects, irrigationirrigation andand agriculturalagricultural developmentdevelopment projects,projects, riverriver improvementimprovement andand floodflood controlcontrol projects,projects, hydropowerhydropower projects,projects, sandsand preventionprevention projects,projects, andand lowlandlowland developmentdevelopment projects.projects.

RealizationRealization ofof MasterMaster PlanPlan 1974:1974:

Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam Project (completed in 1982) Wonogiri Irrigation Project (completed in 1987) Wonogiri Irrigation Extension Project (completed in 1990) Various irrigation dam construction projects Various irrigation rehabilitation projects Upper Solo River Improvement Project (completed in 1994) Madiun River Urgent Flood Control Project (completed in 1995) Lower Solo River Improvement Project (2003) NecessityNecessity ofof MasterMaster PlanPlan 19741974 Update.Update. DuringDuring 19741974 upup toto 1999,1999, socialsocial andand economiceconomic conditionsconditions withinwithin thethe BengawanBengawan SoloSolo RiverRiver basinbasin havehave changedchanged significantlysignificantly andand thethe riverriver morphologymorphology hashas alsoalso beenbeen modifiedmodified SuchSuch aa developmentdevelopment strategystrategy forfor thethe BengawanBengawan SoloSolo RiverRiver basinbasin basicallybasically mightmight remainremain unchanged,unchanged, butbut therethere isis aa needneed forfor reviewreview andand updating,updating, dulyduly consideringconsidering recentrecent nationalnational concernsconcerns asas summarizedsummarized belowbelow :: WaterWater resourcesresources development,development, inin particularparticular reservoirreservoir--typetype projects,projects, willwill inevitablyinevitably causecause socialsocial andand naturalnatural environmentalenvironmental impacts.impacts. RapidRapid industrializationindustrialization andand urbanizationurbanization demandsdemands moremore water,water, hencehence exploitationexploitation ofof waterwater resourcesresources becomesbecomes aa priority.priority. PublicPublic waterwater supplysupply shouldshould bebe developeddeveloped toto improveimprove socialsocial wellwell--beingbeing andand supportsupport industrialindustrial developmentdevelopment inin thethe nation.nation. ThereThere areare importantimportant changeschanges andand trendstrends withwith regardregard toto institutionsinstitutions ofof waterwater resourcesresources sectorssectors atat thethe national,national, provincialprovincial andand kabupatenkabupaten levelslevels underunder thethe newnew frameworkframework ofof regionalregional autonomy.autonomy. TheseThese trendstrends relaterelate toto decentralization,decentralization, coordination,coordination, consultationconsultation andand legislativelegislative reform.reform. TheThe basicbasic policypolicy ofof decentralizationdecentralization isis alsoalso proceedingproceeding inin thethe waterwater resourcesresources sector.sector. IntensifiedIntensified andand increasedincreased publicpublic consultationconsultation andand aa greatergreater focusfocus onon aa ““bottombottom--upup”” planningplanning approachapproach isis expectedexpected asas aa basisbasis toto guideguide waterwater resourcesresources developmentdevelopment inin aa moremore equitableequitable andand sustainablesustainable manner.manner. ComprehensiveComprehensive WaterWater ResourcesResources DevelopmentDevelopment andand ManagementManagement PlanPlan (CDMP)(CDMP) forfor thethe BengawanBengawan SoloSolo RiverRiver BasinBasin // MasterMaster PlanPlan 2001.2001.

During CDMP Study broadly comprises the following two phases: Phase I: Review of the Existing Plans and Studies, and Basic Studies Phase II: Formulation of Water Resources Development and Management Master Plan Phase I : Review of Master Plan and Stakeholder Aspiration Controlling of Intermediate Phase II : Formulation of Comprehensive Water Water Resources Meeting ( Vission Resources Development and Management Master similarity) Plan

Discussion of Discussion of Discussion of Introductory Forum of Public Meeting Steering & Steering & Steering & meeting of CDMP Technical Consultation with Technical Meeting Technical Technical Dec. 23, 1999 Committees I Meeting (PCM II) Central I Meeting II Meeting III (DPRD + Eks) Sept.14,19&21’00 Java 19-02-’01 29-03-’01 29-03-’01 14,19,21-9-’00 Govern. Oct.6’00

Interview and Analysis of filling in Inception Report Pre-interim Report Interim Report Draft Questionare (April 2000) (September 2000) Final Report (Jan. 2001) Final Report Jan. to Feb, 2000 (March, 2001) (April, 2001)

Legalization By East & Central Java Governor

Master Plan : Public Consultation Water Resources Scenario : Strategy : Meeting (PCM-I) - Implementation Program Problem Regional Development - Development up to 2025 March.2,7&11,2000 - Development up to 2025 - Management - Management - Management (Macro)

Meeting with East Discussion of Regional Java Development Vission Govern. with East & Central Nov.6,00 Government

BENGAWAN SOLO - CDMP STUDY ACTIVITIES FRAME TheThe MasterMaster PlanPlan waswas establishedestablished takingtaking intointo accountaccount local,local, regionalregional andand nationalnational needsneeds andand aspirationsaspirations forfor waterwater resourcesresources developmentdevelopment andand managementmanagement basedbased onon aa participatoryparticipatory ““bottombottom--upup”” approachapproach toto involvementinvolvement ofof stakeholders.stakeholders.

InIn thethe earlyearly partpart ofof PhasePhase I,I, thethe firstfirst basinbasin--widewide PublicPublic ConsultationConsultation MeetingsMeetings ((PCMsPCMs)) werewere heldheld atat thethe 33 selectedselected locationslocations withinwithin thethe basinbasin inin MarchMarch 20002000 toto incorporateincorporate variousvarious opinions,opinions, constraints,constraints, proposalsproposals andand aspirationsaspirations inin waterwater resourcesresources developmentdevelopment andand managementmanagement fromfrom communitiescommunities andand stakeholdersstakeholders intointo thethe mastermaster planningplanning process.process. InIn conclusion,conclusion, fivefive keykey issuesissues cancan bebe identifiedidentified asas shownshown below.below. Key Issue No.1: Water Resources Potential Distribution Gap Key Issue No.2: Increasing Trend of Diversifying Water Demand and Clean Water Requirement Key Issue No.3: Increasing WaterWater UseUse ConflictsConflicts andand Negative Phenomena among Basins/Communities/Use Sectors/Sub-Sectors. Key Issue No.4: Progressive Environmental Degradation in Less Developed Areas KeyKey IssueIssue No.5:No.5: LimitedLimited DevelopmentDevelopment PotentialPotential duedue toto TopographicalTopographical andand GeographicalGeographical ConstraintsConstraints TheThe secondsecond PCMsPCMs werewere heldheld atat 33 locationslocations withinwithin thethe basinbasin latelate inin SeptemberSeptember 2000.2000. HighlightHighlight ofof secondsecond PCMsPCMs waswas toto discussdiscuss withwith andand obtainobtain commentscomments fromfrom thethe stakeholdersstakeholders onon thethe suggestedsuggested regionalregional developmentdevelopment scenarioscenario toto thethe yearyear 20252025 (socio(socio--economiceconomic macromacro-- frame)frame) andand waterwater resourcesresources developmentdevelopment andand managementmanagement mastermaster planplan targetstargets asas wellwell asas itsits planplan components.components.

MasterMaster PlanPlan CompositionComposition

Plan Component Name of Project Component 1 : Promote Water Resources Development Domestic and Industrial Water Supply Plan: 1 Lower Solo Long-Channel Storage Project 2 Greater Surakarta Water Supply Project 3 PDAM Water Supply System Development Project 4 Rembang Water Supply Project Irrigation Development and Rehabilitation Plan:

5 Solo Vallei Werken Project

6 Upper Solo Nine Tributary Irrigation Dams Project

7 Madiun Three Tributary Irrigation Dams Project

8 Lower Solo Sixteen Tributary Irrigation Dams Project

9 Kd. Bendo Irrigation Dam Project

10 Rehabilitation and Improvement Projects of Irrigation Systems

11 Bendo Multipurpose Dam Project

12 Badegan Multipurpose Dam Project

13 Pidekso Dam Project

14 Tlg. Ngebel Rehabilitation Project Component 2 : Strengthen Watershed Management Watershed Conservation and Management Plan: 15 Urgent Countermeasure Project for Sedimentation in Wonogiri Reservoir 16 Wonogiri Reservoir Rehabilitation and Watershed Management Project 17 Critical Land Rehabilitation and Management Project in Six Watersheds Component 3 : Strengthen Water Quality Management Water Quality Management Plan: 18 Establishment of Water Quality Management Framework in the Bengawan Solo River Basin 19 Study of Enforcement of Effluent Discharge Standards in the Bengawan Solo River Basin Component 4 : Strengthen Flood Control Management Flood Control Management Plan: 20 Lower Solo River Improvement Project, Phase II 21 Upper Solo River Improvement Project, Phase II 22 Madiun River Improvement Project, Phase II and III 23 Study on Grindulu River Improvement 24 Study on Lamong River Improvement 25 Jero Swamp Development Project 26 Study on Urban Drainage Improvement 27 Rehabilitation of Existing River Structures 28 Bengawan Solo FFWS Project Component 5 : Strengthen Institutional Framework of Water Resources Management Strengthening and Improvement Plan of Institutional Framework of Water Resources Management: 29 Institutional Capacity Building in Water Resources Management within the Bengawan Solo River Basin

TheThe StudyStudy onon CountermeasuresCountermeasures forfor SedimentationSedimentation inin thethe WonogiriWonogiri MultipurposeMultipurpose DamDam ReservoirReservoir RelatedRelated InstitutionInstitution inin thethe StudyStudy TheThe WonogiriWonogiri MultipurposeMultipurpose DamDam isis thethe solesole largelarge reservoirreservoir inin thethe mainstreammainstream ofof thethe BengawanBengawan SoloSolo River,River, aimingaiming atat floodflood control,control, irrigationirrigation waterwater supplysupply andand hydropowerhydropower generation.generation. TheThe WonogiriWonogiri DamDam waswas constructedconstructed inin 19821982 underunder thethe technicaltechnical cooperationcooperation ofof OTCAOTCA (the(the formerformer JICA)JICA) andand financialfinancial assistanceassistance ofof OECFOECF (the(the formerformer JBIC).JBIC). Reservoir,Reservoir, itit wouldwould loselose itsits functionsfunctions suchsuch asas waterwater supply,supply, floodflood controlcontrol becausebecause ofof decreasedecrease ofof thethe storagestorage capacitycapacity inin thethe nearnear futurefuture

SedimentasiSedimentasi WadukWaduk SerbagunaSerbaguna WonogiriWonogiri padapada thth 20052005

Crest of Dam EL. 142.0 m

Extra Flood W.L. EL. 139.1 m

Design Flood W.L. EL. 138.3 m 3 m 6 Normal H. W.L. EL. 136.0 m 0.9% Lost 3 m Flood Control Flood 220 x 10

Control W.L. EL. 135.3 m 6 Irrigation & Irrigation Hydroprower 440 x 10 L.W.L. EL. 127.0 m 13.4 % Lost Sediment Storage Capacity 120 x 106 m3

Sedimentatio 49.1% Lost

Kapasitas Tampungan-Efektif : 375 juta m3 pada th 2005 440 juta m3 pada th 1980 Inflow Sedimen Rata-2 (1980-2005): 4,6 juta m3/tahun WatershedWatershed ConservationConservation andand ManagementManagement LandLand useuse ChangesChanges

Peta DRBI I-2001 2003 (1:25,000 map, (Citra satelit, SPOT) BAKOSURTANAL) 1993

Forest in the high slope area decrease !! CountermeasureCountermeasure ofof sedimentationsedimentation SchemeScheme GarbageGarbage fromfrom K.K. KeduangKeduang

20 GarbageGarbage ProblemsProblems atat IntakeIntake

Dec. 2004

19 Jan. 2004

18 VillageVillage LandLand ConservationConservation PlanPlan

PersepsiPersepsi isis aa NGONGO whowho appointedappointed byby JICAJICA StudyStudy TeamTeam forfor facilitatingfacilitating communitycommunity participationparticipation inin thethe planningplanning processprocess byby ParticipatoryParticipatory RuralRural ApproachApproach (PRA)(PRA) processprocess

GeneralGeneral ProblemProblem

1.1. EconomicEconomic SectorSector 2.2. InstitutionalInstitutional SectorSector 3.3. SocialSocial andand PoliticPolitic SectorsSectors ErosionErosion ProblemsProblems 1.1. RillRill /Sheet/Sheet ErosionErosion 2.2. BankBank ErosionErosion 3.3. GullyGully ErosionErosion 4.4. LandLand SlidingSliding ErosionErosion TheThe ImportantImportant FactorsFactors forfor VillageVillage SoilSoil ConservationConservation EffortsEfforts

1.1. SupportingSupporting FactorsFactors – The availability of vegetation for conservation that grows and develop and well managed by the community. – The cattle effort managed by the farmers at domestic scale that enable to motivate the slopping grassing in land terraces. – The experiences of basic conservation techniques to handle the village conservation works. – The availability of local workers that ready to use in the implementation of soil conservation action plan. TheThe ImportantImportant FactorsFactors forfor VillageVillage SoilSoil ConservationConservation EffortsEfforts

2.2. BarriersBarriers oror ObstaclesObstacles FactorsFactors – Low surplus of community’s income that allocable for village conservation aims. – Low capacity of conservational groups to handle and implement integrated planning combined the conservational aspect and economic income generating one in the village. – Incompatible policies on management of state forest and community one. – Strong understanding that land conservation are Government issue, not community one. National Friendship Movement on Water Safety Guard (Gerakan Nasional Kemitraan Penyelamatan Air – GN- KPA) GNKPAGNKPA establishedestablished onon MarchMarch 22,22, 2005.2005. GNKPAGNKPA isis aa nationalnational movementmovement aimingaiming toto revitalizerevitalize thethe balancingbalancing ofof hydrologicalhydrological cyclescycles inin thethe watershed.watershed. GNKPAGNKPA levellevel areare central,central, provincial,provincial, district.district. TheThe membermember ofof eacheach levellevel areare fromfrom allall stakeholderstakeholder whowho inin chargecharge inin waterwater safety,safety, bothboth governmentgovernment andand nonnon government.government. TheThe activitiesactivities ofof GNKPAGNKPA areare facilitatingfacilitating GNKPAGNKPA establishment,establishment, facilitatingfacilitating communitycommunity development,development, facilitatingfacilitating planningplanning andand implementation,implementation, technicaltechnical assistanceassistance inin thethe watershedwatershed conservationconservation andand managementmanagement towardtoward waterwater safetysafety guardguard ThanksThanks youyou veryvery muchmuch