Animorphs the Suspicion
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Inter-American Court of Human Rights
INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS CASE OF FERNÁNDEZ PRIETO AND TUMBEIRO V. ARGENTINA JUDGMENT OF SEPTEMBER 1, 2020 (Merits and reparations) In the case of Fernández Prieto and Tumbeiro v. Argentina, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (hereinafter “the Inter-American Court” or “the Court”), composed of the following judges:* Elizabeth Odio Benito, President L. Patricio Pazmiño Freire, Vice President Eduardo Vio Grossi, Judge Humberto Antonio Sierra Porto, Judge Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor Poisot, Judge, and Ricardo Pérez Manrique, Judge, also present, Pablo Saavedra Alessandri, Secretary,** pursuant to Articles 62(3) and 63(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter “the American Convention” or “the Convention”) and Articles 31, 32, 42, 65 and 67 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court (hereinafter “the Rules of Procedure” or “ the Court’s Rules of Procedure”), delivers this judgment which is structured as follows: * Judge Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni, an Argentine national, did not take part in the deliberation or signature of this judgment, in accordance with the provisions of Article 19(1) and (2) of the Court’s Rules of Procedure. ** The Deputy Secretary, Romina I. Sijniensky, did not participate in the processing of this case, or in the deliberation and signature of this judgment. TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE AND PURPOSE OF THE DISPUTE 3 II PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT 4 III JURISDICTION 6 IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY 6 A. Observations of the parties and of the Commission 6 B. Considerations of the Court 7 V EVIDENCE 9 A. Admissibility of the documentary evidence 9 B. -
Reasonable Suspicion and Mere Hunches
Vanderbilt Law Review Volume 59 Issue 2 Article 3 3-2006 Reasonable Suspicion and Mere Hunches Craig S. Lerner Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr Part of the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation Craig S. Lerner, Reasonable Suspicion and Mere Hunches, 59 Vanderbilt Law Review 407 (2019) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol59/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reasonable Suspicion and Mere Hunches Craig S. Lerner 59 Vand. L. Rev. 407 (2006) In Terry v. Ohio, Earl Warren held that police officers could temporarily detain a suspect, provided that they relied upon "specific, reasonable inferences," and not simply upon an "inchoate and unparticularized suspicion or 'hunch."' Since Terry, courts have strained to distinguish "reasonablesuspicion," which is said to arise from the cool analysis of objective and particularized facts, from "mere hunches," which are said to be subjective, generalized, unreasoned and therefore unreliable. Yet this dichotomy between facts and intuitions is built on sand. Emotions and intuitions are not obstacles to reason, but indispensable heuristic devices that allow people to process diffuse, complex information about their environment and make sense of the world. The legal rules governing police conduct are thus premised on a mistaken assumption about human cognition. This Article argues that the legal system can defer, to some extent, to police officers' intuitions without undermining meaningful protections against law enforcement overreaching. -
Viral Buzz: Rumor and Its Disruptions in Pandemic Uncertainty
Special Feature “Against ‘Disaster’: Sociologica. V.15 N.1 (2021) Critical Reflections on the Concept” – peer-reviewed ISSN 1971-8853 https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1971-8853/11620 https://sociologica.unibo.it/ Viral Buzz: Rumor and Its Disruptions in Pandemic Uncertainty Gary Alan Fine* Department of Sociology, Northwestern University (United States) Submitted: October 18, 2020 – Revised version: February 19, 2021 Accepted: April 25, 2021 – Published: May 26, 2021 Abstract Building on theory and research on rumor dynamics, I examine how the search for and ac- quisition of information during a time of medical crisis relies on the politics of plausibility and the politics of credibility. In this, I examine how the content and the source of informa- tion affects the spread of uncertain knowledge during periods of disaster, recognizing the social dynamics of ignorance, a key issue for domains of knowledge of which the public has little ability to judge. The assertion of multiple truth claims about the current pandemic leads to challenges to previously taken-for-granted realities, but also potentially provides solutions. The dynamic may be different in conditions that require an immediate response and those that evolve over a longer period (fast and slow rumors). Using rumors about the COVID-19 pandemic, I address how epistemic disruption undercuts established norms (disruption-of) but also creates the possibility of desirable change through new negotia- tions, strengthening community (disruption-for). Keywords: Rumor; Knowledge; Disruption; Pandemic; COVID-19. Acknowledgements I thank Iddo Tavory for his comments on a draft of this paper. * [email protected] Copyright © 2021 Gary Alan Fine 43 The text in this work is licensed under the Creative Commons BY License. -
Strategy Formation As Solving a Complex and Novel Problem
Strategy Formation as Solving a Complex and Novel Problem Timothy E. Ott Kenan-Flagler Business School University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4200 Suite, McColl Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, U.S.A. Tel. (732) 778 - 6692 Email: [email protected] Ron Tidhar Department of Management Science & Engineering Stanford University Huang Engineering Center 475 Via Ortega Road Stanford, CA 94305 Email: [email protected] Working Paper – 04/10/2018 ABSTRACT In this paper, we seek to better understand how executives can intelligently combine modular and integrated problem solving processes to form the best possible strategy in entrepreneurial environments. To do so, we compare the efficacy of strategies formed via different processes under various market conditions, exploring the sources of significant performance differences. We address this question using NK simulation methods. We show that the ‘decision weaving’ strategy formation process leads to more effective strategies than either local or ‘chunky search’ processes across a variety of problem specifications. We also offer insight into two key concepts of the decision weaving framework; stepping stones and learning plateaus, which allow executives to balance the tradeoff between quality and the speed of the strategy formation process. This provides practical points for executives forming strategy to overcome their own bounded rationality and contributes to literature on strategy processes and complex problem solving within organizations. Keywords: Strategy formation, problem solving, strategic decision making, behavioral theory, simulation 1 Introduction In 2007, Brian Chesky and Joe Gebbia were struggling to pay rent in San Francisco so they rented out their apartment to three conference attendees to help make ends meet (Tame, 2011). -
124214015 Full.Pdf
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEFENSE MECHANISM ADOPTED BY THE PROTAGONISTS AGAINST THE TERROR OF DEATH IN K.A APPLEGATE’S ANIMORPHS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By MIKAEL ARI WIBISONO Student Number: 124214015 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEFENSE MECHANISM ADOPTED BY THE PROTAGONISTS AGAINST THE TERROR OF DEATH IN K.A APPLEGATE’S ANIMORPHS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By MIKAEL ARI WIBISONO Student Number: 124214015 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A SarjanaSastra Undergraduate Thesis DEFENSE MECIIAMSM ADOPTED BY TITE AGAINST PROTAGOMSTS THE TERROR OT OTATTT IN K.A APPLEGATE'S AAUMORPHS By Mikael Ari Wibisono Student Number: lz4ll4}ls Defended before the Board of Examiners On August 25,2A16 and Declared Acceptable BOARD OF EXAMINERS Name Chairperson Dr. F.X. Siswadi, M.A. Secretary Dra. Sri Mulyani, M.A., ph.D / Member I Dr. F.X. Siswadi, M.A. Member2 Drs. HirmawanW[ianarkq M.Hum. Member 3 Elisa DwiWardani, S.S., M.Hum Yogyakarta, August 31 z}rc Faculty of Letters fr'.arrr s41 Dharma University s" -_# 1,ffi QG*l(tls srst*\. \ tQrtnR<{l -
Dbank: Predictive Behavioral Analysis of Recent Android Banking Trojans
1 DBank: Predictive Behavioral Analysis of Recent Android Banking Trojans Chongyang Bai, Qian Han, Ghita Mezzour, Fabio Pierazzi, and V.S. Subrahmanian Abstract—Using a novel dataset of Android banking trojans (ABTs), other Android malware, and goodware, we develop the DBank system to predict whether a given Android APK is a banking trojan or not. We introduce the novel concept of a Triadic Suspicion Graph (TSG for short) which contains three kinds of nodes: goodware, banking trojans, and API packages. We develop a novel feature space based on two classes of scores derived from TSGs: suspicion scores (SUS) and suspicion ranks (SR)—the latter yields a family of features that generalize PageRank. While TSG features (based on SUS/SR scores) provide very high predictive accuracy on their own in predicting recent (2016-2017) ABTs, we show that the combination of TSG features with previously studied lightweight static and dynamic features in the literature yields the highest accuracy in distinguishing ABTs from goodware, while preserving the same accuracy of prior feature combinations in distinguishing ABTs from other Android malware. In particular, DBank’s overall accuracy in predicting whether an APK is a banking trojan or not is up to 99.9% AUC with 0.3% false positive rate. Moreover, we have already reported two unlabeled APKs from VirusTotal (which DBank has detected as ABTs) to the Google Android Security Team—in one case, we discovered it before any of the 63 anti-virus products on VirusTotal did, and in the other case, we beat 62 of 63 anti-viruses on VirusTotal. -
Reaction Kinetics: the Iodine Clock Reaction
Bellevue College | Chemistry 162 Lab Manual Reaction Kinetics: The Iodine Clock Reaction Introduction The “clock reaction” is a reaction famous for its dramatic colorless-to-blue color change, and is often used in chemistry courses to explore the rate at which reactions take place. The color change occurs when I2 reacts with starch to form a dark blue iodine/starch complex. The ability to record the time at which the blue complex appears allows the rate of reaction to be determined accurately with a stopwatch. In this experiment, the rate law for a reaction is determined using the method of initial rates. The effect of concentration on the rate of this reaction is determined by measuring the initial reaction rate at several reactant concentrations. You will also examine the effect of a metal ion catalyst on the reaction rate. Lastly, you will investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of this reaction, which will allow you to determine the activation energy. The Clock Reaction - 2- The primary reaction to be studied is the oxidation of I by S2O8 (persulfate) in aqueous solution: - 2- 2- 2I (aq) + S2O8 (aq) I2(aq) + 2SO4 (aq) (slow, rate determining) Equation 1 2- This reaction will be run in the presence of a known amount of S2O3 (thiosulfate), which reacts very 2- 2- rapidly with I2. As long as S2O3 is present, I2 is consumed by S2O3 as fast as it is formed. This competing reaction prevents the I2 produced from our reaction of interest from reacting with starch, so no color change is observed until the thiosulfate is completely used up. -
Pathways to Suspicion: Causes and Consequences of Innocent Suspects’ Origin of Implication
California Western Law Review Volume 54 Number 1 Article 2 7-1-2018 PATHWAYS TO SUSPICION: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF INNOCENT SUSPECTS’ ORIGIN OF IMPLICATION Belén Lowrey- , Jon B. Gould, Katie Hail-Jares Kinberg, Samantha L. Senn Jon B. Gould Katie Hail-Jares Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwlr Recommended Citation Kinberg,, Belén Lowrey- , Jon B. Gould, Katie Hail-Jares; Senn, Samantha L.; Gould, Jon B.; and Hail-Jares, Katie (2018) "PATHWAYS TO SUSPICION: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF INNOCENT SUSPECTS’ ORIGIN OF IMPLICATION," California Western Law Review: Vol. 54 : No. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwlr/vol54/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CWSL Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in California Western Law Review by an authorized editor of CWSL Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kinberg, et al.: PATHWAYS TO SUSPICION: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF INNOCENT SUSPE Lowery-Kinberg camera ready (Do Not Delete) 7/10/2018 10:19 AM CALIFORNIA WESTERN LAW REVIEW VOLUME 54 FALL 2017 NUMBER 1 PATHWAYS TO SUSPICION: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF INNOCENT SUSPECTS’ ORIGIN OF IMPLICATION BELÉN LOWREY-KINBERG* SAMANTHA L. SENN** JON B. GOULD*** KATIE HAIL-JARES**** _________________________________ * Belén Lowrey-Kinberg is an assistant professor of criminal justice at Saint Francis College in Brooklyn, New York. Her research focuses on the application of linguistics to the criminal justice system, including procedural justice, police-citizen interactions, and wrongful convictions. ** Samantha L. Senn is a doctoral student in the Department of Justice, Law and Criminology at American University in Washington, D.C. -
Experiment 5 Kinetics: the Oxidation of Iodide by Hydrogen Peroxide
Experiment 5 Kinetics: The Oxidation of Iodide by Hydrogen Peroxide Goals To determine the differential rate law for the reaction between iodide and hydrogen peroxide in an acidic environment. To determine the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the reaction. To determine the effect of a catalyst on the rate of reaction. Discussion When hydrogen peroxide is added to a solution of potassium iodide, the iodide ions are slowly oxidized according to the equation: Molecular equation: 2KI(aq) + 2HCl(aq) + H22 O (aq) → I 2 (s) + 2H 2 O(l) potassium iodide hydrochloric acid hydrogen peroxide iodine colorless colorless coloroless yellow -+ Net ionic equation: 2I (aq) + 2H (aq) + H22 O (aq) →I 2 (s) + 2H 2 O(l) iodide hydrogen peroxide iodine The rate law for this reaction should include the concentrations of iodide, hydrogen ion, and hydrogen perioxide. However, if the concentration of H+ is held constant throughout the experiment then its effect will not appear in the rate law. This results in a relatively simple rate law: – n m + p rate = k[I ] [H2O2] [H ] simplifies to: – n m + p rate = k'[I ] [H2O2] where k' = k[H ] Part 1: Determination of the Rate Law The rate law for the reaction between iodide ions and hydrogen peroxide can be determined by carrying out experiments in which the concentrations of iodide and peroxide are varied. For example, consider the following reaction and data: A + B → P Rate =k[A]n[B]m M Experiment [A]0 [B]0 Initial rate s 1 0.10 0.10 0.45 2 0.20 0.10 0.90 3 0.10 0.20 1.80 For this reaction, doubling the initial concentration of reactant A doubles the initial rate of reaction (experiments 1 and 2). -
The Gothic and Science Fiction: Shelley, Crichton, Stevenson & Wells
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work Spring 5-2005 The Gothic and Science Fiction: Shelley, Crichton, Stevenson & Wells Sarah Renee Phillips University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Recommended Citation Phillips, Sarah Renee, "The Gothic and Science Fiction: Shelley, Crichton, Stevenson & Wells" (2005). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/905 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY HONORS PROGR~",I SENIOR PROJECT - APPROYAL Name: &r~"~ p" ;Pb; l\ ipS College: Act 'S ~ S,,- I en"e SOeparonent: EvJe bs.~ FlL'Uity Mentor: ~ as; t:i. (7 OS Ie. .e PROJECT mLE: ill Q-wtb: c cyyJ SC)eyL(! Q f,. en QYJ .' c.v ~ e-M-o V\) S±e.N{ [) ~01" ~ \N,J \ s I have reviewed this completed senior honors thesis with thIS 5rudenr and certify that it is a proje:;~ ~ommenSUr:lte with honors level undergraduare rese:lrch in [his tield. Signed: __~,!!:!==~_~ __~_~~'-::_-=:;"' _____ ' Faculty Mentor ../ Dace: __.::'....,!~_'-}!~I''---'') ___ Cummc:ms (Op~ional): Comments on Sarah Phillips's Honors Thesis: Sarah proved herself capable of independent, wide-ranging research, of very intelligent reading in primary and secondary sources, and of synthesizing the critical traditions and concepts of two quite different, if overlapping gemes. -
Human-Elephant Conflicts
Södertörn University | School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies Bachelor’s thesis 15 ECTS | Environment and Development | Spring 2014 Human-elephant conflicts: A qualitative case study of farmers’ attitudes toward elephants in Babati, Tanzania Author: Linnea Olsson Supervisor: Kari Lehtilä 0 Abstract It is widely recognized that human-wildlife conflicts can reduce farmers’ support for long-term species conservation. The subject of human-elephant conflicts is highly relevant in villages around Babati District in North Central Tanzania because of the closeness to Tarangire National Park. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine local farmers’ attitudes toward elephants and the attitudes’ effects on conservation efforts. Primary data was collected through a qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews with twelve farmers in four villages around Babati, with Wildlife Officer Nashon Macokesha at Babati District Council and with Allan Carlson, Nature Conservation Expert at WWF. A thematic analysis was done to make comparisons between the answers from farmers, Macokesha and Carlson. The Theory of Planned Behavior and the Value- Belief-Norm theory were also used to analyze the underlying factors of the farmers’ attitudes. The results of this study show that around half of the farmers have positive attitudes toward elephants, while the other half think negatively of them. Elephants were identified as the most problematic species and crop-raiding as the most problematic type of human-elephant conflict. The problems that farmers experience do to crop-raiding and other types of human-elephant conflicts include the direct effects of lost livelihood and income and indirect effects like health impacts and security issues. -
Timely Secrets of the Contemporary Detective Novel
The Long Wait: Timely Secrets of the Contemporary Detective Novel THEODORE MARTIN Rather than pass the time, one must invite it in. To pass the time (to kill time, expel it): the gambler. Time spills from his every pore.—To store time as a battery stores energy: the flâneur. Finally, the third type: he who waits. He takes in the time and renders it up in altered form—that of expectation. Walter Benjamin, The Arcades Project No Hard-Boiled Feelings Literary criticism’s enduring interest in the figure of the detective is no great mys- tery. “[T]he detective,” in Shoshana Felman’s famous account, “is only a detective in his (her) function as a reader” (176). To read like a detective is to read in a very particular way: the detective works “to extort the secret of the text, to compel the language of the text . to confess” (192). In the past decade, however, the language of forced confession has made literary critics increasingly suspicious of such a suspicious stance toward literature. Introducing a special issue of Representations on “the way we read now,” Stephen Best and Sharon Marcus contend that reading like a detective is not always the right way to read, prone to miss at least as much as it unearths: “[W]hat lies in plain sight is worthy of attention but often eludes observation—especially by deeply suspicious detectives who look past the sur- face in order to root out what is underneath” (18). In their conclusion to The Way We Read Now, Emily Apter and Elaine Freedgood similarly argue that it is neces- sary to “mov[e] away from ‘beneath’ and ‘behind’ (those most beloved tropes of a hermeneutics of suspicion) in favor of ‘beside’“ (145).